Principia Mathematica 1713 - Up
Principia Mathematica 1713 - Up
Principia Mathematica 1713 - Up
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
1<br />
/<br />
I - -<br />
t,<br />
r<br />
.’<br />
Iii ,.<br />
,<br />
.
il<br />
*<br />
c
A<br />
SC I 5x3 I -7 -4
VIRI<br />
PR.&STANTISSIMl<br />
OPUS<br />
MOCCE
Quip totie animos veterum to&e Sophorum,<br />
plaque Scholas hodie rauco certamine vexanr,<br />
Obvia confpicimus ; nubem pellente Mathcfi :,<br />
QIX fi~peras penetrate donws, atque ardua Crrli,<br />
N E w T o N I au@ciis, jam dat contingere Templa#<br />
Surgite Mortales, terrenas mittite curas j<br />
A tcguc hint czligenz vires cognofcite Mentis,<br />
A pecudum vita Iongc longeque renlotz:.<br />
Qi Gpcis primus T,zbulis compeicere Czdes,<br />
Furra & Adulteria, & perjure crimina Fraudis ;<br />
Quive vagis populis circumdare rncenibus Urbes<br />
A&lxx ercl r ; Cererifve beavit munere genres ;<br />
Vel qui curarum lenimen prefit ab Uva;<br />
Vel qui Niliaca monfiravit arundine pi&OS<br />
Confociare L&05, oculiijue exponere Votes;<br />
Hupanam fbrtein minus extulit; utpote pauca<br />
In commune ferens m&x32 folatia vita2<br />
Jam vero Superis convivz admittimur, alti<br />
Jura poli tra&are licet, jamque abdita diaz<br />
Chuitra patent Nature, EZ rerum immobilis ordo;<br />
Et qua2 prateritis latuere incogniea ktxlis.<br />
Talia monfirantem juitis celebrate (hmaenis,<br />
Vos qui calefii gaudetis +&tare v&i,<br />
N 13 w T 0 N u M claufi reierantem erinia Veri,<br />
N E w T o N u hj ML& carum, cui peaore puro<br />
I%E~LIS adeft, totoque ince@t Numine mentem;<br />
NW fas eft propius Mortah attingere, Divas.
A<br />
D<br />
UN fiteres Mechanicam (uti AuEor .eJ Pappus) in rerun8<br />
Natwalium inzleJigatione maximi fecerint ; & Recentiores,<br />
mi&s formis Jubjavztialibus & qualitatibus o~c~lti~, Phlenomena<br />
Natzm ad leges Matbematicas<br />
in hoc Trd@& Mathefin excolere, quatenus ea ad Philofophiam<br />
Jv e at. Mechanicam were dupkm fiteres co%Jituertmt : Rationalem<br />
quce per Dernonjratiorres accurate procedit, &J .l?ra&i-<br />
Gllll. Ad PraEicam &e@ant Artes omnes hlantiales, a pjbtis<br />
utipe Mechanica nomen mutuatn ejf. Cisn azitem Art$ces parum<br />
accurute operart&leant, fit ut hlechanica omnis a Geonxtria<br />
ita diJt7ingtiutw, ut quicquid accuratum . fit ad Geometriam<br />
referatsn, quicpid mir~us dccuratum ad Mechanicam. ~ftamen<br />
errores non Junt Artis Jed Artz$cm. &i mintis accurate operatter,<br />
imperfelfior eJ Mecbanicus, f&F+! J @kf accrdratiJ%ne optrari<br />
pofet, hit f&et Mechanictis omnium perfe&@nus. Nam &<br />
Linearurn refhrum & Circulorum deJ&‘ptiones in quibus Geoe<br />
me tria fyhndattir, ad Mechanicam pertinent. Has leneas deJcribere<br />
Ceometria non docet led pa/Mat. Pojdat en&n ut Tyro<br />
ealdem accurate deJ&ibere prius didicerit quam liwen attingat<br />
Geometrix ;. de&, qtiomodo per has operationes Problematn fol-<br />
I<br />
‘r vafat~r~ docet. ReDas & ~irculoos deflcribere. Problemta$tint,;<br />
e, ::<br />
%P
nin ex viribus quibuJdam pendere pffe-, quibus corportim pa~t~c&?<br />
per GWJUS nondum cog&as vel in Je mutuo impelhtttr &Y fecundunz<br />
f&was regulares cohment, we1 ab invicem fugantur &<br />
recedunt : pibus qiribus ignotis, PkzloJophi baEenus Natwarn fru-<br />
.F ra tenifarunt. Spero auteln quad vel huic PhiloJophandi rtiodo,<br />
v’el veriori al&i, Yrincipia bit pojta km-em aliqtiam pmbebunt.,<br />
IB his edendis, Tip acut@nzur & i7.z ornni literarum gertere<br />
eruditi@zus Edt~~~mdus Hakius opwam nawavit , net Joluna<br />
?$pothktarum Spbahatu correxit & Schemta incidi curuv’it, fed<br />
etiam ~u@or fuit ut harm editionem aggrederer. $&ippe cum<br />
demon$‘ratanz a me Egwam Orbium ~-AeJlium impetraverat, rogare<br />
non dej%it tit eandem cum ~ocietxe Regali communicmem,<br />
&d deinde hovtatibus & benignis Juis au&i& efecit ut de eadem<br />
in hem emittendu cog&are incipercm. At poJl’quam NOtuum<br />
Lunarium haqualitates aggrefids e/yew, ,deinde etiam alia<br />
tentme c&piJTeem gud ad leges & menJuras Gravitatis & alidrum<br />
virhn, & Figwas a corporibus Jecundum datus quaJcunque leges<br />
attruE% deJ&ibendas, ad motus corporurn plurium inter se, ad<br />
motus corporum in Mediis rej!entibus, ad wires, denjtates &<br />
nzottis Mediorm, ad Orbes Cometarum & jmiliu Jpehnt, editionem<br />
in aliud tempus differendam ere putavi, ut cdtera rimam<br />
rer & una in publicuw darem. &jce ad motus Lunares @e@ant,<br />
(imperfe@a cum Jint,) in Corollariis Propojtionis LXVP. j&nul<br />
complexus Jum, ne &guh lnetbodo pro&ore quam pro rei dignitate<br />
propanew, 6 r J&l1 2 2 a t’ 2m d emon jf rare tenerer, & leriem reliquarum<br />
PropyBionum interrunzpere. Nonnuh Jero inroenta locir<br />
minus idoneis inJerere mahi, guam numer~m PropoJitionurvs<br />
(y citutiones mutare. Ut omniu candide leguntur, & defe&,<br />
in materia tarn dzj2li non tam reprehendantur, quanz norvis Le-<br />
@orurn conatibus inveJigentur, &<br />
benigne bkppleuntur, en&e rags.<br />
Dabam Cantabrigk e Collegio<br />
.S. Irinitatis, Maii 8. 1686.<br />
b
DI’I-3RIS<br />
fuarum fh&mentum defumunt ab Hypathefibus, etiamfi deinde<br />
&-undum leges Mechanicas accuratiffkne procedant j Fabdam qui-<br />
dem eleganrem forte & venufiam, Fabulam tamen concinllaro dicwdi<br />
funt.<br />
Melinquitur adeo tertium genus, qui Philofophiam-fiilicet Experimentalem<br />
profitentur. Hi quidem ex timplicifllmis quibus<br />
pofi’unr principiis rcrum omnium cauk~s derivandas effe volunt :<br />
nihil autem Principii loco aff%munt, quad nondum ex Phaznome..<br />
nis comprobatum fuerit. Hypothefes non comminifcuntur, neque<br />
in Phyficam recipiunt, nifi ut C&&ones de quarum veritare diTputetur.<br />
Duplici iraque Methodo incedunt, Analytica & Synthe<br />
tica. Naturaz vires legeCque virium fimpliciores ex iel&is<br />
quibufdam Phzenomenis per Analyfin deducunt, ex quibus deinde<br />
per Synthefin reliquorum confiitutionem tradunt. E-laze iila efi<br />
Phi]&ophandi ratio longe optima) quam prz ceceris merita ame<br />
p]eQendam cenfilit Celeberrimus Au&or notier. ]Manc folam utique<br />
dignam judicavit, in qua excolenda atque adornanda operam<br />
Euam collocaret. Hujus igitur illutkifimum dedit Exemplum,<br />
Mundani nempe Syfkmatis explicationem e Theoria Gravitatis<br />
felic&me dedu&am. Gravitatis virtutem univerfis corporibus inefl”e,<br />
fifpicati funt vel finxerunt ahi: primus Ilk & iblus ex Ap..<br />
parentiis demonitrare potuit, & fpeculationibws egrcgiis firmi&<br />
~LUTI ‘ponere fundamentum.<br />
Scio equidcm nonnullos magni etiam nominis Biros, przjudiciis<br />
quibufd;lm pIus 3equo occupatos, huic novo Principio agre aCTen*<br />
tiri potuiffe, & certis inccrta identidem ptztulifk Horum famam veJc<br />
licare non eit animus: Tibi potius, Benevole Le&or, illa paucis exponere<br />
Iuber, ex quibus Tute ipk judiciurn non intquum feras.<br />
lgittrr ut Argumenti fumatur exordium a hmplicrfimis & proximis;<br />
defpiciamus pauhfper qualis fit in Terrefiribus natura Gravita&,<br />
ut deinde cutius progrediamur ubi ad corpora ,Czlefiia, Iongi&ne<br />
a fkdibus no&is remota, perventum fuerit. Convenie jam<br />
inter amnes PhilofophoS , corpora univerfi CircUm terreikia gravitare<br />
in Terram. Nulla dari corpora vere levia> jamdt7dunl<br />
confirmavit Expcrientia multiplex. QUX dicitur Levitas relariva$<br />
non efi vera Levitas, fed apparens
and illrld concedi aquum ef?, quad Mathematicis .ratioljibus<br />
i coQitur & certiflitie demonfiratur; CCXpQGl nempe OlIlU&, quz<br />
moventur in linea aliqua curva in plano defcrigta, ~uazque radio<br />
duQo ad yun&um vel quickens vel utcunque lllOtU’I?1 dercribunt<br />
arCaS circa punRum illud temporibus proportionales, urgeri a<br />
‘$rir&Us quz ad idem pun&urn tendunt. Cum igitur in confer0<br />
fit spud Afironomos, Phecas primarios Circulli S0krn, [ecundarios<br />
vero circum fuos primarios, areas defcribere temporibus proportionales<br />
j confequens efi ut Vis illa, qua perpetup detorquentur<br />
a Tangentibus re&ilineis, & in Orbitis curvjlinels revolvi coguntur,<br />
verfils corpora dirigacur quar: fita fht In Orbitarum tentris.<br />
H3ec itaque Vis non mepte vocari poceb reQxx%u qui&m<br />
corporis revolventis~ Centripeta 3 .rei‘pe&u autem Corporis tentralfs,<br />
Attraniva j a puacunque demum cauia oriri fingatur.<br />
Qin & lmc quoque concedenda fun& ik Matkematice demonftrantur:<br />
Si corpora plura MOW aquabili revolvantur in Circulis<br />
coacentricis, & quadrata temporum periodicorum fint ut cubi difialitiarurn<br />
a centro ,communi; Vires centripetas revolventium<br />
fore reciproce ut quadrata difiantiarum. V& fi corpora revelvantus<br />
in Orbitis quaz hunt Circulis firkim% & quiefcant Orbitarum<br />
Apfides; Vires ceiltripetas revolventium fore reciproCe ut<br />
quadrata diihntiarum. Obtinere cafhm alterutrum in Plan&<br />
univerfis conkntiunt Afironomi. hque Vires centripeta Planetarum<br />
omnium funt reciproce ut quadrata dihntiarum ab Orhum<br />
centris, Si quis objiciat Planetarum, & Luna: przfertim,<br />
Apfides non penicus qukfcerej fid motu quodam lento ferri in<br />
conleyuentia : relponderi porea, etiamfi concedamus hunt maturn<br />
tard~fhum exindh profe&um effe quod Vis centripetaz proportio<br />
aberret aliquantum a duplicata, aberrationem illam per<br />
computzum Mathematicum inveniri poffe & plane infenfibilem<br />
effe. Xpfa enim ratio Vis centripctae Lunaris, quz omnium maxime<br />
turbari debet, pauIulum quidem duplicatam fiperabit; ad.<br />
lianc.vero kxaginta fere vicibus propius accedet q,uam ad triplicaram.<br />
Sed verior erit refponfio!, fi dicamus hanc Apfidum :p,rogreffionem,<br />
non ex aberratione a duplicata proportione, fed ex -a’lda<br />
prorfus diver& caufa oriri, quemadmodum egregie commonfiratar<br />
; in hat Phllofophia. Retiat ergo ut ‘57ires cencripetx, quibus Pla-<br />
1<br />
neta: primarii tendu~nt verfus Solem & Gcundarii verbs primaries<br />
I<br />
&OS, ihat accurate mt qwdrata difiantiarum reciproce, ..<br />
I<br />
h<br />
Ex<br />
e
PR&FA<br />
ax iis quz ha&enus di&a font, conitat Planetas in Orbitis fuis.<br />
retineri per Vim aliquam in iprOs perpetuo agentem: confiat<br />
Vim illam dirigi kmper verfus Orbitarum centra: confiat hujus<br />
egcaciam augeri in acceffu ad centrum, diminui in recefTil ab eodem<br />
: & augeri quidem in eadem proportione qua diminuitur quadratum<br />
difiantia 9 diminui in eadem proportione qua diftantis<br />
quadratum augetur. Videamus jam, comparatione initituta inter<br />
Planetarum Vires centripetas & Vim Gravitatis, amon ejufdcm<br />
forte fint generis. Ejufdem vero generis erunt, fi deprehendantur<br />
hint & inde leges eEdem eademque af&L”ciones. Prim0 itaque<br />
Lunge, qura: nobis proxima efi, Vim centripetam expcladamus,,<br />
Spatia refiilinea, quaz a corporlbus e quiete demifis dato tempore<br />
fub ipib motus initio defkribuntur, ubi, a viribus quibufiunque<br />
urgenrur, proportionalia Cunt ipfis viribris: Hoc ucique confequitur<br />
ex rariociniis Mathematicis. Erit igitur Vis centripeta<br />
Lun;e in Orbita fi~a revolvenris, ad Vim Gravitaris in fuuperficic<br />
Terra?, ut fpatium quod tempore quam minima defiriberet Lulla<br />
defccndendo per Vim centripetam verfus Terram, G circulari omni<br />
motu privari fingeretur, ad fpatium quad eodem tempore quam<br />
minima defcribit grave corpus in vicinia Terra, per Vim gravitatis<br />
fux cadendo. Horum fpatiorum prius azquale ef% arcus a Luna<br />
.per i&m tempus dekripti finui verlb, quippe qui Lun3e tranflatioqem<br />
de Tangente, h&am a Vi centripeta, metitur; atque a&o<br />
eomputari potelt ex datis turn Luna: tempore ,periodico tup diitantia<br />
ejus a centro Terrz:. Sparium pofierius invenicur per Experimenta<br />
Pendulorum, qtiemadmodum docuit Htigenius. Inito<br />
itaque calculo9 f~>atium prius ad fpatium pofterius, fey vis tentripeta<br />
Lunar in Orbita fia revolverltis ad vim Gravitatis in fup&&e<br />
‘Terra, eric ut quadratutn femidiametri Terry ad Or-&-e<br />
f’midiarnetri quadrarum. E,indem habet rationem, per ea qux<br />
fuperiu,s oitenduntur, vis centripeta Lunar: in Orbita fua ~cvolventis<br />
ad vim Lung centripecam prope Terrx fiiperficiem. Vis<br />
iracluc c&ntrjpera prope Terra fiiperficiem z~q~,alis efi vi Gravita-<br />
,&SC,. :,Non’ergo diverGz funt vires,. fed una atquc cadSem :’ fi enin;l<br />
diver& effent, corpora viribus conjunBis duplo celerius in Terram<br />
caderent quam ex vi fola Gravitatis. ConfIat igitur Vim<br />
illam centripetam, qua Luna perpetuo de Tangente vel trahirllr<br />
vel i,mppellhw 232 in Orbita retinetur, ipkm effe vim Gravjtatis<br />
$ert&ris ad Lunam ufque pertingcntem. E,t rationi quidem ~011~<br />
$&taneum elR ut ad ingenrcs difiantias illa fefe Virtus extendat,<br />
cQm
EDVlX3RI.S<br />
P AZ F A I 0.<br />
Jgitur Comctas in SeBionibus Conicis umbillcos iii centid Sbjis<br />
habentibus moveri, & radiis ad Solem dutiis areas temporibus<br />
proportionales dekribere. EX hike vero Phznomenis manifefium<br />
efi & P&thematice cornprobacur, vires illas, quibus Cometa$<br />
retineneur in orbitis fiiis, refpicere Solem & effe reciproce UC quladrara<br />
difiantiarum ab ipfius centro. Gravitant itaque Comeraz<br />
in Solenl,: atque adeo Solis vis atcraf%va non tanium ad’ corpora<br />
Planetarum iii datis diftantiis. & in.eodem fere plano collocata,,<br />
fid ctiam ad Cometas ii1 diverfifimis Czlorum regionibus & in<br />
diverfifimis difiantiis pofitos pertingit. Hlnc igitur efi natura<br />
corporum gravitantium, ut vires fuss edant ad omnes difiantias in<br />
om’nia corpora gravitantia. Inde vet-o kquitur, Planetas SC Cometas<br />
univerfos k mutuo crahere, Sr in fe mutw graves effe’:<br />
quod etiam co’nfirmatur ex perturbationc Jovis & Saturni, Afironomis<br />
non incognita,& ab a&ionibus horum Planetarum in k invicem<br />
oriunda ; quin & ex mote illo‘ lentiflimo Apfidum, qui fupra<br />
memoratus eit, quique a cauij. confimili proficifcitur.<br />
Eo demum’ pervenimils ut dicendum fit, & Terram, 8~ Solem &<br />
corpora omnia cazlefiia, qua2 Solem comitantur, fi mutuo attrahere,<br />
Singulorum ergo particula: quaque minim= vires Cuss attraaivas<br />
habebunc, pro quanticate mater& pollentes; quemadmodum fupra<br />
de Terrefiribus, oflenrum efi. In dive& autem difkantiis,<br />
erunt & harurn vires in duplicata racione difiantiarum reciproce:<br />
nam ex particulis hat lege trahentibus componi debe‘re Globos<br />
eadem lege trahentes, Mathemarice demonltratur.<br />
Conclufiones pracedehtes huic innituntur Akiomati, quod a<br />
nullis non recipicur, Fhilofophis j IEffeEtuum fcilicet ejuCdem generis,<br />
quorum nempe quaz cog.nofcuntur proprietates easdem fiunt,<br />
eafdem effe caufas & eafdem efie proprietates qua: nondum cognofcuntur.<br />
Quis enim dubitat, fi &avitas fie caufa defcenrus<br />
Lapidis in Ewo~a, quin eadem fit caufa defcenfus in America?<br />
Si Gravitas mutua fuerit inter Lapidem & Terram in Ewopa;<br />
quis negabit mutuam effe in America? Si vis actraRiva Lapidis<br />
& Terrae componatur, inzEzlropn, ex viribus attra&ivis partium 5<br />
quis negabit fimileni efi% compofXonem’in America? Si attra&io<br />
Terra: ad omnia corporum genera & ad omnes difiantias propa?<br />
getur in Ez,~upa; quidni pariter propagari dicamus in America?<br />
In hat Regula fundatur omnis Phrlofophia : quippe qua’ iirblata<br />
nihil :a@rmare pofimus de Univerfk Con~ftit~tio’ rerum’ fingula-<br />
rum innotefcit-per Qbfirqationes & Ex@rimenta: inde vero non<br />
c<br />
-nifi
nifi per hanc Replam de rerum univerfarum natura judica-.<br />
mus.<br />
Jam cum Gravia fint omnia corpora, qua2 apnd Terram vel i.n<br />
CaAis reperiuntur, de quibus Experimenta vel Obkrvationes infiitucre<br />
licet 5 omnino dicendum erit, Gravitatem corporibus univerfis<br />
compctere. Et quemadmodum nulla concipi debent COTpora,<br />
quz non lint: Excenla, Mobilia, Sr Impenetrabilia; ita nulla<br />
cotlcipi $&se, qu.a noI1 lint Gravia. Corporum Extenfio, Mobi-<br />
Bitas & Impcnetrabilitas non nifi per Ex.perimenta in.norefcunt:<br />
eodem plane mod0 Gravitas innotefck Corpora ornnia de quibus<br />
Obkrv;:tiones habemus, Extenfa funt SE Mobilia & Impene--<br />
:r;libilia,: & inde concludimus corpora univerk ct,iam iIla de qui-.<br />
bus OhTervationes non habemus, Exten& effe & Mobilia & lm,-<br />
genetrabilia. IIta corpora omnia lunt Gravia, de quibus Obkrvationes<br />
habemus : & .&de concludimus corpora univerti, etiam.<br />
illa de quibus Oblervationes non habemus, G-rauia eR’e. Si q,uis.<br />
dicht corpora Srellarum inerrantium non effe Gravia, qukdoqui-<br />
dcm. eorum Cavitas nondum eit obkrvata; eodem- argumento<br />
dicere Iicebit neque JXxtenG eiTe, net MobSa, net Impenetrabilia,.<br />
cum haz Fixaru.m affetiiones nondum fin.t obkrvatz:. Quid opus,<br />
65-e verbis I Inter primarias qualitates corpor\LF univerfk-urn ve8<br />
Gravitas habebit Iocum~ vel Extenfio, Mabrhtas, 62 Xmpenetra-.<br />
bilitas non habebunt. Et natura rerum vel. re&e explicabirur<br />
per corporum Gravitatem, vel non re&e explicabitur per corparum<br />
Extenfionem, Mobilitatem, & Impenetrabilitatent.<br />
Audio nonnullos hanc improbare conclufionem, & de occult&<br />
quslitatibus nefcio quid mu&are, Gravitatem kilicet (hxxdtu~..<br />
efi quid, perpetuo. argutari Lolent; occultas vero cau&s prosul<br />
efi ablegandas a PhifoCophia.. His autem facile refponP<br />
detu.r; occultas eZfe caufZzs!, non ilIas quidem quarum exiflentia.;<br />
per Qb&rvationes clarifirme demonfiratw9 Ted has folum,quarum I<br />
&uIta efi. Sr fXtta exifientia nondum vet’0 comprobaca, Gravitas..<br />
ergo non erit occulta caufa motuum caiefiium ; fiquidem ex Pkaomenis<br />
oficnfum eft, hanc virtutem revera exifiere., Hi p&us,,,<br />
ad occultas~ co~nfugiunc caufas ; qui nei‘cio quos Vortices, mater&.<br />
clljufdam prorfus fiQkia 8i: d’enfibus omnina ignotz, molibyk<br />
Sdem. r.egendis pr&iciuntz<br />
Ideone autem Gravitas occulta: caufi dicetur, eoque no&e.<br />
rejicietur e Philo@phia, quad cauij ipfius Gravitatis occulta e&<br />
C&Z’, aondum. itwenta.~. C&i. fi.c ..fiat,~n.t $,. videant ta,equid flatuam.
)l T 0 R I s<br />
ridebitur qui finget Elaterem, & ~8 .Hyp@hefi fit ,pC~qr~~~Cr~?,+z~+<br />
$&a moruln lndicis explicarc fiifcipiet : oporturt elmn InternTG?<br />
~Jachin~ fabricam penitius perf‘crurari~ Ut ita mOtUS propo&iti prr.ecipiutn<br />
verum exploratum habere poffct. ltdem vel non abfimile<br />
ferecur judiciurn de Philofophi? illis, qlli maria quadarn fubcilifima<br />
Cd3s effe repletos, ham aucem in ‘Vortices rndefinen,ter<br />
agi voluerunt4 Nam fi f3hl-enomenis yeI accuraeif7lme Catisfac$&<br />
fiof&nt ex HypOtildibUS fUuiS j verasn tamen Philofaphiam tradidi@,<br />
& VeraS CaUfiS motuum cslefiium inveni& nondum &-<br />
cendi runt; rlifi vel has revera exikre, vei iaitem alias non exj&e<br />
demonfiraverint. lgitur fi ofi~nfi~ffl fuerlt 3 univer{o&nl<br />
~orporum At&Qionem habere verum locwn in rerum -natura 3<br />
quinetiam 0ltenGim FuFrit, qua ratione lotus OnWes c?Ules ah<br />
inde [olutionem recipiant; vana fkerit St merit0 derjdenda obje&$,<br />
fi quis dixerlt eoiaem mom per Vortices explicarl debere, $ar.nfi<br />
id fieri pop vel maximr: cqnceirerimus. Non autef? concedimus ;<br />
Nequeunt enim ullo pa&o Phxwmena p$r VqrEys expIic&;<br />
quad ab Au&tore nofiro abunde quidem & cIarlfirWs ratior+&kls<br />
evincitur; vt f$nn’iis plus aequo induIgeant oporteac, qui inep-<br />
#@ik figment0 refarciendo, noyifque porro commentis ornando<br />
infekcem operam qddicunt.<br />
Si corpqra, Planetarum & Cogetarw circ! Solem defeg-ar3,tqg<br />
a V’orti&bus; oportet corpora deIata Sr Vortwm partes* ppoximq<br />
+nbienee,s. eadem velqcitatb eademqu!: curfus detcrminatidqe. ~19~<br />
veti, & eandem Aabere denficatem yeI qandem Pim ine& pro<br />
mole. materiz. Coy It at: verq Planetas F Cometas, dum verfan..<br />
zur m iifdem rqgionibus ~;pl~ru~~ velocitatibus variis variague.<br />
eurfu,s. determinatione, m,overi. Necefirio itaqw Eequitur, ut<br />
]%luidi calefiis partes ilIz, qux iil,nt: ad ealrdem difiantias a Sole,<br />
revolvantur eodem txnl.pore in plagas dive&s cum diverfisL velocitatibus:<br />
etenim alia opus erit diretiione & velocitare, ut tran-<br />
Gre pofht l?lan~tx J alia, UT t,ranfire pofint Caper&, Qod cam<br />
%xpIicari nequ.eat ; vel fatendtxm erit, univer& corpora calcaia<br />
aon deferri a materia, Vorticis 3 vel dicel>dum .erit, eorulldem 1110..<br />
;us. repetenclos eOk non a,b WI?, eo$emque Vortice, fed a plur&us<br />
qui ah invicem diverfi fint, ,I&nq,ue Tpatium, Soli, circumje&um<br />
gervadant.<br />
Si plures Vortices in code&n. fpati9 contineri, & fefe. m”tuo pen,etrarc3<br />
motibtirque diverha revolvi, ppllanturj quoniam bi mow<br />
tus debcnt effe conformes: delat,orum corporun2 mot&us, qui<br />
.L filn~.
PRAFA.<br />
funt fumme regulares, c% peraguntur in fk&ionibus Conicis, nunc<br />
valde eccentric& nunc ad Circulorum proxime formam accedentibus;<br />
jure qwrendmm wit, qui ficri pofCt, ut iidem integri conferventur,<br />
net ab a&ionibus marerk occurfantis per tot &uIa<br />
quicquam perturbentwr. Sane fi LllOtUS hi f%%tii i?lnt magis cornpofiti<br />
8~ difficiIius cxplicantur 9 cluam veri illi motus Planetarum<br />
& come tarum j frufira mihi videnrur in Philofophiam recipi :<br />
omnis enim Caufa deber effk EffeC’ru Cuuo fimplicior. ConceKa<br />
TFabuIarum licentia, affirmaverit aliquis Planetas omnes 8-z Cometas<br />
circumcingi Atmo$kw+is 9 adinfiar Telluris nofkrz; qua quidena<br />
Wypothefis rationi magis confencanea l,idcbitur quam Hypothefis<br />
Vorticum. Affirmaverit deinde has A rmofphazras, ex natura<br />
fua, circa Solem moveri & Se&ones Conicas dcfcribere; qui<br />
fane motus multo facilius concipi pot&, qyam confimilis motes<br />
Vorticum fe invicem permeantiiam. Deniquc Planctas ipfos &<br />
Cometas circa Solem dcferri ab Atmofph:xris i‘uis credcndum eEc<br />
fiatuat, & ob repertas motuum czlefiium caufas criumphum a&at.<br />
QXquis autem hanc Fabulam rejiciendam effe puret, idcm & alter<br />
rom Fabulam rejiciet : nam ovum non elt ovo fimilius, quam Hypothefis<br />
Atmofphzrarum Hypothefi Vorticum.<br />
Docuit Gali,kw, lapidis projeQi & in Parabola moti deflexionem<br />
a curfu retiilineo oriri a Gravitate lapidis in Terram, ab ocwIta<br />
kilicet qualitate. Fieri. tamen pot& ut alius aliquis, nail<br />
ac,ycioris, Philofophu~s caufaxn aliam comminifcatur. Finger igitq,r<br />
ille materiam quandam fibtilem, qu3: net vifu, net ta&u,<br />
nec;lue u,llo fenCu percipitur, verfari in regionibus qua proxime.<br />
cogtingunt Telluris Cuperficiem. Hanc autem materiam, in diverfas<br />
plagas, variis & plerumque contrariis motibus ferris & lineas<br />
Parabolicas defcribere contender, Deinde vero lapidis deeexionem<br />
pulchre fit expediet, & vulgi plaufum merebirur. Lapis,<br />
inquiet, in Fluid0 illo iubtili narat; & curfili ejus obfequend9,<br />
non. poeefi non eandem una femitam dekribere. Fluidum<br />
v,ero movetur in lineis Parabolicisj. ergo lapidem in Parabola<br />
mpveri. necefli efi. Qis. nunc non mirabitur acutifiimum hujufce<br />
Qhilofophi ingenium ,’ ex caufis Mechanicls, materia fcilicer &,<br />
mqtu, phznomena Nature ad VuIgi etia,m captum praclare deducentis.?<br />
Qis vero non fiibfannabit bonum illum GLzZ~~~WB, qui,,<br />
magna:, molimine Mathematico qualitates occultas, e Phllofophia<br />
fqliciter exclufas9 denuo revocare fuuitinwerit ? Sed puder nugis j<br />
c&us immorari.<br />
Sum-
EDITORIS<br />
Summa rei hut tandem redit: Cometarum ingens efi numerug;<br />
motus eorum fimt filmme regulares, & eafdem leges cum Planetarum<br />
motibus obfervant. Moventur in Orbibus Coni& hi orbes<br />
funt valdc admodum eccentrici, Feruntur undique in o_mnes<br />
Cdorum partes, & Planetarum rcgiones liberrime pertranieunt,<br />
& fk.pe contra Signorurn ordinem incedunt. Hzc Phenomena<br />
certiflime confirmarltur ex Obfervationibus Aitronomicis: Sr per<br />
Vortices nequeun t explicari : 11x0, IX quidem cum Vorticibus<br />
Planetarum confifierc pofl‘unt. Cofiletarum motibus omnino locus<br />
non erit; nifi materia illa fiQitia penitus e Calis amoveatur.<br />
Si enim Planetaz circum Solem a Vorticibus devehuntur 5 Vorticum<br />
partes, quz proxime am biunt unumquemque Planetam, ejufdem<br />
denfitatis erunt ac Planeta j uti gupra ditium efi. Itaque<br />
mnteria ilIa omnis quz contigua efi Orbis rnagni perimetro, parem<br />
habebit ac Tellus denfitatem: qua: vero jacet intra Orbem<br />
magnum atque Orbem Saturni ‘, vel parem vel majorem habebit.<br />
Nam ut conRitutio Vorticis permancre pofit, debent partes minus<br />
den& centrum occupare , magis denk longius a centro abire.<br />
Cum enim Planetarum tempera periodica fine in ratione fefquiplicata<br />
difiantiarum a Sole, oportet partium Vorticis periodos<br />
eandem rationem krvare, Inde vero iequitur, vires centrifirgas<br />
barum partium” fore reciproce ut quadrata difiantiarum. Qua:<br />
jgitur majore intervallo diitant a centro, nituntur ab eodem recedere<br />
minore vi: unde ii minus den& fuerint, necefi e& UC cedant<br />
vi majori, qua partes centro propiores afkendere conantur.<br />
Afcendent ergo denfiores, dekendent minus denfz, & lacorum<br />
fit3 invicem perrnutatio ; donec ita fuerit difpofita atque ordinata<br />
materia fluida cotius Vorticis, ut conquiefcere jam poirrt in zquilibrio<br />
confiituta. Si bina Fluida, quorum diverfa efi denfitas,<br />
in. codem vak continentur ; utique futurum eit ut Fluidum, CUjus<br />
major efi denfitas, majore vi Gravitatis i&mum petat locum :<br />
Qk ratione 11on abfimili omnino dicendum efi, denfiores Vorticis<br />
partes major, .vi centrifuga petere fupremum locum. Tota igitur<br />
illa & multo maxima pars Vqrtick, qw jacet extra Telluris<br />
orbelw, denfitatem habebit atque adeo vim inertia: pro mole -ma-<br />
‘teriz, quz non minor erit quam denhtas & vis inertix: Telluris:<br />
in,de vero Cometis traje&is orictur ingens refifientia, & valde adarrodum<br />
fenfibilis; ne dicam, qua: motum eorundem penitus fifiere<br />
z atgue abl‘orbere poffe merit0 videatur. Confiat autem ex motu Cometarum
EDITORIS<br />
fhs indignatn.’ Q& Cazlos materia 19 uida repletos effe vaIunt,<br />
ilarlc vero 110~~ inertem effe fiatuunt; Hi verbis tollunt Vacuum,<br />
re ponunt, Nam cum hujufmodi materia fluida ratione nwlla<br />
fecerni pofiir ab inani Spat-m difputatio tota fit de rcrum nominibus,<br />
non de naturis. C&od ii aliqui fint adeo wf$ue dediti<br />
MateriE, ue Spatium a corporibus VXUU~I nullo pa,@o, admittendunl<br />
credere velint 5 videamus quo tandem oportcat illos<br />
pervenire.<br />
Vel enim ¢ hanc, quam confingwnt, Mundi per omnia.<br />
pleni confiitutionem ex voluncate Dei profe&am effe, propter’<br />
cum finem 3 UC operationibus Naturze Cubiidium pr&ns haberi<br />
pofl’et ab -&there fubtilifflmo CUII&I permeante & inlpIen,tej<br />
quad tamen dici non pocefi, fiquidem jam ofienfum elt ex Co&*<br />
nietarum plwznomenis J nullam efJ’e hujus AZtheris: efficaciam: veli<br />
¢ ex voluncate Dei profeaam efi, propter finem aliquern<br />
Jgnocum ; quod neque dici debet, fiquidem dive&a Mundi con-”<br />
ilitutio eodem argument0 parker fiabiliri poffet: vsl denique<br />
non dicenr ex voluntace Dei profeaam, efk, fed ex necefitate*<br />
uadam Nacura. Tandem igitur dclabi. oporcet in fzces fordi-<br />
1 as Gregis impurifflmi. Hi funt qui fornniant- Face univerfa,.<br />
regi, non Providen tia j Materiam ex necefiitate CuaGmper & ubique<br />
extitifi , infinitam efXe 2% zternam. @ibus pofitis-, erit,<br />
etiam undiquaque uniformis : nam varietas formarum cum necef-,<br />
fitate omnino pugnat. Erit eciam immota: nam fi necefiria:<br />
msveatur in pIag:lm afiquam determinatam, cum determinata aliqua<br />
veloci ta te j pari neceilltate movebitur in plagaw divercam,;<br />
cum dkerfa velocitate ; in plagas autem divertis, cum’ cl&&@<br />
velocicatibus, moveri non pore@; oportet igicur immo,tam effe:<br />
Neutiquam profeCto potuit oriri Mundus a pulcherrimti fdrmaL<br />
rum &. motuum varietate difiinQus, nifi ex Ii berrima-. volunsate)t<br />
cup&a providentis & gubernantis Dei.<br />
Ex hoc igitur fonte prornanarunt ilk ornnes quz dicun,la.f,;<br />
Natura leges : in .quibus multa fane fapientiflimi confilii, nuljdi<br />
n.eceGtatis apparent vefiigia. Has :proinde non ab inuertisf can-;:<br />
jeEturis t petere, I”ed Obfervando ,atque Experiendo. addi&erc d&<br />
bernus. Q$ verz. PliyGc8 principia Legefque rerum, fola mQn&<br />
$is.: vi & intern0 rationis lumine fretum, invenire fe poffe co&<br />
dit; hunt .oportet vcl fi’atuere Mundnm ex necefitate fuiflcl! Legefque.<br />
propofitas eex.. eadem necefirate. fequi; vel fi. per v&nr<br />
-ta&cm Q.ei .,cQ,flfikU&W fit ardLk khW& & tame@ ,hbmunoionem<br />
mifelhm,
HXfXXIIS<br />
J?R&FATIo.<br />
debeo: Huic &Tuas quz debentur gratias, LeBor b~~~~~olQ tibh<br />
denegabis. Is enim, cum a longo tempore Celebeirlllll AuEttori~<br />
amicitia intima frueretur, (qua etiam spud Poiteros cen%ri tion<br />
minoris xftimat, quam prnpriis Scriptis (1I.W literat orbI iti deliciis<br />
fiint inclarefcere) Amici iimul faIna: 8;r fcie:nt$Sum inwe+<br />
mento confuluit, Itaque hum Exemplaria prioris Edlt’lafils rariG<br />
&a admodum & immani pretio coemcnda fuperefknG fu?fit IW<br />
crebris eflagitationibus & tantum non ,objurgando perPllt &hique<br />
Vjrum PfzfiantiiTmum, net modiitia minus qtianl eruditi;<br />
one fiiunma Tnfignem, ut .novam hanc Operis Editioned, per omnia<br />
&matam denuo 8~ egregiis infiuper acckUion$bus ditatam, Gs<br />
fimptibus & aufpiciis prodire pateretur: Mihi ~3% pro jure<br />
fi~o, penhm “non ingratum demandrivit, ut quati poar eme%date<br />
id fieri curarem.
DE@rlfi~I?IDMES.<br />
1’ A G.<br />
ASx~oMAAAA, SIVE LEGES MOTUS. I.2<br />
‘1>E ‘hkr>‘TU CQRPORUM LIBER DRIhlUS.<br />
's E CT. I. E &f e&do ralrionzlm primarum & ultimalVW@.<br />
24<br />
SENT. :][I. D e inzrentione V%ium centripetarum. 34<br />
$ E c T. 111. De motzi I orporum in C’onicis jk%onibus eccentri-<br />
CiS. 4’8<br />
s Et T. IV. De inwntione Qrbium Elbpicorum, ~drd$o/icorum~<br />
@FJ YIypeddicorum ex t.~mbilico dato. J9<br />
5 B *c T. V. De kwentione &b.krn uhi Umbilicus neuter datum. G G ’<br />
5 E % T. ‘$% !De inwetitione Motuum
DE h4OTU CORPORUM LZBER SECUNDUs,<br />
s E CT. 1. E Motu corporurn quihs re/i/titw in ratione<br />
Felocitatis. 211<br />
S E c T. 11. De Motor corporm~ qtdhs re/$%ur in duplhata ra.<br />
tione YeIo&atZs. 2.20<br />
S E c T. III. De MO& carporum q&s reJij?izW partim in ratione<br />
;trelocitatis, partim in +[dem r&one duplicata. 245<br />
S E c T. IV. lie corporum Circduri motto ilz Mediis rejJentibw.<br />
“53<br />
S E c T. V. De de$tate ~6% compreflone Fltiidorum, deqtie fly-.<br />
drojhticu.<br />
2Go<br />
S E c T, VI. De Motto & Rejflentia corporum Fwaependulorum<br />
27%<br />
S B c T. VII. De motu Fhdornm & rejientiu Pry*efi%mv, 29 J.<br />
‘S E c T. VIII. De motu per F&da propagate. 3 29<br />
s E c T. Ix. De mote Circzduri Fltiidortlm. 345<br />
. DE MUNDI SYSTEMATE LIBER TERTIUS.<br />
EG~LAE PHILOSOPHANDI<br />
PHANOMENA<br />
PROPOSITIONIS<br />
SCHOLIUM GENERALE.<br />
317<br />
359<br />
362<br />
4.81<br />
PHILO-
2 ~HI~cJsO:PHIX NA,TURAEK<br />
DEFINITIO<br />
III.<br />
lEfzc fernper proportionalis efi Cl0 colpori,, Ileque diEer-t quitquam<br />
ab hertia rnafh nib in modo conciplendr. Per inertiam<br />
materiq fit Llc corpu$ 0mne de fiats fU0 Vd quiefcendli vel maven-<br />
di difficuker deturbetur. Wnde etiam vis infki nomine fignificau..,<br />
riflimo Vis Inert& dici p&.3. Exercet vero corpus ~NIC vim iblumnlodo<br />
in mutatione @atus fui .per vim aliam in k $pre@rn fit$a j :<br />
&fiq; exe &itiu.ai’cjuS rub. diverio refpe&u Sz: Refi’fientla 8~ Impetus :<br />
recaencia, quaGenUS ,corptis Ed c,on@rvamdyn Raturn f~um reIu&a-<br />
Fur vi impreffae j impetus, quatenus corpus Idem, VI refifientis ob->.<br />
Ihx~li difficulter cedendo, conatur fiaturn ejus mutare. Vulgus.<br />
refifientiam quiekentibus &. ir@petml: ilioventihs tribwit : fed mo.-.<br />
tuS & quits, uti vulgo concipiuntur, refpeh Co10 difiinguuntur<br />
$3 invice,g !, neq;, Cernpc;r, Vgfe’~quie-Gxnt qu;1: VU@2 tanquant.q@s<br />
kentia ipeEtantur. ,, c ,<br />
D-3ZFINl-TIO<br />
FT.. Iwprefa Ed atGo in corpus exercita,<br />
IV<br />
a,d mutandum ejus~$izt~~<br />
cud quie[cendj ~sl moczlendz’‘uniforwa’ter in dire&m. ,_ .,<br />
ConfiSt h~c vis in a&ione fola, neque pOtI a&ionem permali&<br />
in corpore. Perfeverat enim corpus in ilatu,~otnni novo per f&m,<br />
vim inertia; Bit autem vis impreffa diverkrum originurn,. .ut ,e,k<br />
I&n, ex Pfefinione, ex vi Centripeta.<br />
DEFIN~ITIO.<br />
V..<br />
~5% Centpijeta f/t, qua cov+pora wev++us ptiva@um ahpod*<br />
t6Znpawad<br />
Gkntrtim, wdi$ue- trahmtur, i~~a~hntuq vel fhifCW$$j teGdmt*-<br />
Hujus generis efi Gravitas, qua corpora tendunt ad cenwum ter-<br />
FE:; Vis Magnetica, qua krum petit magnetem 4 & Vis illa;,<br />
guScunqj fit, qua Planctx perpccuo retrahuntur a: motibus re&&<br />
e.eis, ils in lineis. curvjs revol.vi cogu.ntur. Lap&in funda, circuma&us9
DEFINI-<br />
T 1 o N E 3.. DEFINITIO -VI*<br />
yis ccntripeta ~w&~sA~~o?u~~ eJ mp$tira +$dem mdjop Qfmi@or<br />
pro E$&& caBf& &wzpropaganhs a centroper re$@@~s zyJ C2rcf~h<br />
Ut vis Magnetica pro mole magnetis vel intenhne Virtueis major*<br />
jn tmo magnete, minor in al’io.<br />
DEFINITIO<br />
VII..<br />
]yjs. ~e~j&petd @pntitas Accehatrix e$ $Ju’s~ WefffHrd ~eh+Uti~<br />
proportional& paw d&to ternlore genevd$-<br />
T&i Virtus magnetis ejufdem major irk minori difi+ia, lnhor<br />
in majori : vel vis, Gravitans major & (ut itn<br />
dicam) Pondus Srinnotefcit femper .per.vim ipfi con trariam;.& x-.<br />
qualem, qua dekenfhs corporis impediri pot&.<br />
E-l&X virium quanri~ates:brevitaeis gratis -~~omh,re licet: V&4<br />
. mocrices, accelerakces, &abfolutas; SE difiinQipnis gratis rcferre ad<br />
Gorporwxnaum petencia,ad8corprJrum.Loca,& ad.Ce;tl trurn virium:<br />
. nimirum vim motricem ad-Corpus, tanquam cunatum 8r: propenfio-<br />
33em totius in centrum cx. propenfionibus omnih partium compofitam<br />
5 8~ vim aceelecatricem ad Locum corporis,,tanquam efficacirlm:<br />
quondam, de centro per 10~s: hgula in circuitu diffuUaam, ad movenda,<br />
wrpora qua in ipfis ,funt j vim autem abhlucam ad.C&~rrum, :tc2nquam<br />
cau,fi aligua ~pra3zIitumr ‘fine qua vircs morrices n,oll propagancur<br />
per reglones in cirfzuitu j five caufa illa 4t corpus aliquad<br />
-wxrale .(qUale . * Cft h4qpes in cenb~o vis, magnctic,~, v,cl Terra in<br />
XxntrD;~
centro vis gravitantis) five aIia aliqua qw non apparet. Mathe- DEFINf..<br />
maticus duntaxat efi hit conceptus. Nam viriwm caufas 8-z fedes phy- TJONEH<br />
&as jam non expendo.<br />
Efi igitur vis acceleratrix ad vim motricem ut celeritas ad mo-<br />
*urn. Oritur enim quantitas motus ex ceIeritatc du&a in quarktatem<br />
materiz, & vis morrix ex vi acceleratrice d&a in quantita..<br />
tern ejufdem mater&. Nam fumma atiionum vis acceleratricis in<br />
Gngulas corporis particulas 41 vis motrix totius. Unde juxta<br />
fuperficiem ‘rerrae, ubi gravitas acceleratrix 53.1 vis gravitans in<br />
corporibus univerfis eadem eft, gravitas matrix feu pondus efi UC<br />
corpus : at G in regiones afcendatur ubi gravitas acceleratrix fit minor,<br />
pondus pariter minuerur J eritque iemper ut corpus in<br />
gravitatem acceleratricem duBurn. Sic in regionibus ubi gravitas<br />
acceleratrix duplo minor efiJ pondus corporis duplo vel triplo<br />
minoris erit quadruple vel kxtuplo minus.<br />
Porro attra&iones & impulfils eodem i’enfi.1 acceleratrices & mo-<br />
Wices nomino, Votes autem Attraeionis, Impullus, vel Propen-<br />
Gonis cujufcunque in centrum J indiEerenter & pro fe mutuo promikue<br />
ufurpo j has vires non Phyfke fed Mathematice tantum con-<br />
Gderando. Unde caveat, le&orJ ne per hujufmodi votes cogitet me<br />
ipeciem vel moduma&ionis caufimve aut rationem Phyficam aliaubi<br />
dkfinire, vel cencris (qux fimt pun&a Mathematics) vires<br />
vere & Phyfice tribuere; ii forte,nut centra trahere, aut vires ccnw<br />
trorum effe dixero.<br />
Si40lhM2;<br />
HaLtenus votes minus notasJ quo fenfi~ in kquentibus accipiendz<br />
fint, explicare vifiun efi. Nam Te.mpusJ Spatium, Locus<br />
& Motum, UC omnibus notiij[ima,non definio;Notandum tamen, quad,<br />
swlgus quan titates hake non aliter quam; ex’ relaeione ad kniibiljaconcipiar.<br />
Et inde oriuntur prajudicia qwdam, quibus rollendisf<br />
convenir eafdem in abdlblutas & relarivas, veras &, apparences, mathematicas<br />
& vulgares Gfiingui.<br />
1. ~empus’Abfolutu~~, verumJ & mathcmaticumJ in fe & mturar<br />
-, Kia abfq;. relatione ad externum quodvis9. zquabiliter fluit, alioq;,<br />
.nomine dicitur Duracio : Rclativum, apparens, & vulgare elZ kniibilis,<br />
82 externa qwcvis Durationis per ~inotum menftira ( CXI accurata<br />
&Xl irwquabilis) qua’ vUl.gus ,vice veri ten2p.oris uci$u~* j kit Hwa,.,<br />
Dies,J McnfisJ Annw. .<br />
n1, spa-
I; ~1-31ifEi NATURALIS<br />
n; !‘r t:r. II, ~~~~~~~~~~~~ k~;3~*til~~r~$~,<br />
na~~a hila a’:~k~uc relationc ad externum<br />
‘i Y 0:. I* 1. q[*~J~j\~i~, fk[$l pcf fi;LliieE liI!lil3l.C L&c immctblli: : Rd;ltiVLll~ di &a&ii<br />
j~ujus ~l~f-~~~~~i~~ ~CLI dli]ltJilliCl ~li,IJl!“ocC mub;iis, qUtl: a fenilbus IICJftr&<br />
pc; fitwn lilUlY1 ::,J CO~FO~,I ddinitur, & 3 vulgo pra f-patio immobili<br />
ulurp:ztur : uti dinlcniio fpatii iinbterranci, aerei ~1 cdef&s<br />
&fiJ$l per iitum iiwn 3d Terram. Edem iilnt fpatium abfolutum<br />
Cq rc~&~, @xie k magnicudinc; fed non permanent idem km*<br />
per nuLiw3. Nam ii Terra, verbi gratis, movetur j fpatium Aerb<br />
~~oi~ri, quad relative & refpefiu Terra: ikmper manct idem, nunc<br />
Cric 1lfla p-s @xtii abfoluti ii2 quain Am rraniit, Irum ah pars ejus-5<br />
& CL athlucc mutabirur perpetuos<br />
111. LOCUS efi pars fpaciiqnam corpus cxcupat,eitq; pro ratiane<br />
[patii vel A~folu~us vel Relarivus. Pars, inquam, fpatlt j non Sitas<br />
corporis, vcl Superlicks ambicns. Nam hlidorum zqualium<br />
3zquales fimper iilnt loci; Superficies autetn ab diflimilitwdinerPe<br />
fifiurarum ut plurimum insquales ki‘uct j Sicus vero pruprie Joquendo.quantitaccm<br />
non habent, neq; cam funt laca quam affe&ianes<br />
lUCOIW21. hIotus totius idem eit cum fimma motul-r~~ partiu~m,<br />
~XJC eit, tranilatio rotius dc fro loco eadem eit cum rumma tranflationum<br />
partium de Iocisihis; adeoq; locus.totius idem cum fimma<br />
locoruni partium, & propterea internus & in corpore tot0.<br />
IV. hiorus Abfolutus efi tranflatio corporis tie loco abfolutoin<br />
locrrtn abfolutum, Relativus de relative in relativum. Sic in navi<br />
qun: velis pailis fertur, relativus corporis Locus 893 navigii regio illa<br />
in qua corpus verfitur, ku cavitatis tocius pars illa quam corpus<br />
implet, quzq; adeo movctur una cum navi: & Qies relativa efi<br />
permanfio corporis in eadem illa navis regione vel partc cavitatis.<br />
At quies Vera efi permanfio corporis in eadem partc +atii<br />
illius immoti in qua navis ipl3 una cum cavitate fia & contentis<br />
univcrfis movetur. Unde fi Terravere quiefcit, corpus quad ~eIative<br />
quiefcit in navi, movcbitur vere & abfolure ea cumvelocitate<br />
qua navis movetur in Terra. Sin Terra etiam movetur j orietmr<br />
verus 8-z abfolutus corporis motus, partim ex Terra, motu. vero in)<br />
fpatio immoto, partim ex navis motu relativo inTerra: & fi cOrr8<br />
pus etiam movetur relative in navi j orierur verus ejus motus, partim<br />
cx ver0 mOtuTerra in fpatio immoto, partim ex relativis moW _.<br />
tibus tum navis in Terra, turn corporis in navi j & ex his motibus, .<br />
relativis orietwr corporis motus relativus in Terra, Utfi Tcrrx pxuz<br />
illa, ubi navis verfatur, movearur vere in orientem cum velocitate<br />
partium IooI0 j & velis ventoqj feratur navis in occidentem cum<br />
velocitate partium decem j Nauta autem amMet in navi orientem
PRINCIPIil Evl-i%THEhdki~IC,A., 7<br />
eatem’verfus cum velociratis parte ma : mo!7ebitur Nauta vere & DnFl Nlr<br />
&folute in fpatio immoto CUIII velocitacis partibus I0001 in o- TIoNES.<br />
r&tern, St relative in rerra occidentem verfus cum velocitatis<br />
pi~ils~~s novem.<br />
Tern pus Abfolu turn a relative dihguitur in Aitronomia per 2.k<br />
quationem temporis vulgi. Inxquales enim iimt dies Naturales )<br />
qui vulgo tanquam Zquales pro m&~fura temporis habentur, Hanc<br />
inz:cyualitatem corrigunt A fl ronomi , ut ex veriore ternpore<br />
maw cdeitesb Pofibile efi, ut nullus fit motus 3equabilis quo<br />
Ternpus accurate menhretur. Accelerari tic: retardari poh~t motus<br />
omnes, fed fluxw temporis Abfoluti mutari nequic. Eadcm efi duratio<br />
feu perfeverantia exifientk rerum j five motus fine celeres, five:<br />
tar&, five nulli: proihde 11%~ a menfuris fuis knfibilibus merit0<br />
difiinguitur, & ex iifdem colligifur per aquationem Afironomic;im,<br />
Hujus autem zquationis in determinandis Phznomenis necefitas,<br />
cum per experimentum Horologii Ofcillatorii, turn etiam<br />
per eclipfes Satellicum Jovis evincirur.<br />
UC partium Temporis ordo efi immutabilis, fit etiam ordo partiumspatii.<br />
Moveahtur 11~ de locis fuis, or movebuntur (ut ita<br />
dicanl) de feipfis. Nam tempora & fpatia filnt hi ipfortlm ck<br />
Perurn omnium quafi Loca. In Tempore quoad ordinem fuccefionis;<br />
in Spatio quoad ordinem fitus locantur univerh De illorum<br />
eirentia efi ut fmt Loca: & loca primaria moveri abfurdum<br />
efi, Hz funt igitur abf’blutaLoca; Sr ikkz tranilationes de hislocis<br />
hnt abfoluti Motus.<br />
Verum quoniam kc Spatii partes videri nequeunt, s( ab invieem<br />
per fenfils noitros diltingui; earum vice adhibemus mcnfuras<br />
6dibiles. Ex pofitionibus enim & diitantiis rerum a corpore aliquo,<br />
quod fpe&amus ut immobile, definimus loca univerfa: deinde<br />
etiam 8t omnes motus xftimamus cum refpettu ad przdiaa loca,<br />
quatenus corpora ab iifdem transfcrri concipimus. Sic vice loco;<br />
rum & motuum abfolutorum relativis utimur ; ncc incommode in<br />
rebus humanis : in Philofophicis autem abfhhendum eCt a fenfibus,<br />
Fieri etenim pore& mt nLillum revera quiefcat corpus,ad q~odioca<br />
motufque rcferantur.<br />
Difiinguuntur autem (X&es Sr Motus abfoluti & relativi ab invicem<br />
per Proprietates fuss & Caufis 6r EEe&us. Qietis proprietas<br />
4, quod corpora vere quiefcentia quiefcunt inter fk Idcoquc<br />
turn pofibilc fit, ut co‘rpus aliquod in regionibus Fixarw9 aut longe<br />
ultra, quiefcat abrolute; fciri autem non poflir cx firu corporum<br />
ad. invicem h regionibus noitris, Irorumne aliquod ad longin-<br />
qtaum
8 1)l[-IILosoPwI& NATURALIS<br />
DEFl@:t-<br />
qwm illrId &tarn pofitionem f&vet necne ; quies-Vera ex IhorUlD<br />
-r10NE5 1 fitu inter k dehiri nequic.<br />
Mows propriccas eft, quod partes, quze datas i‘ervant pofitiones<br />
ad rota, participant motes eorundem totorum. T-4 am Gyrantium<br />
paws ounces conantur rcccdere ab axe motus, 82 Progredientium<br />
impetus oritur ex conjunC;t-0 impetu partium fingularum. Motis<br />
igik corporibus ambientibus, moventur qox in ambientibus ,relarive<br />
quidcunt. Et propterca motus verus & abfolutus definiri IXquit<br />
per tranflationefn e vicinia corporum, quz tanquam Quiekkncia<br />
fpe&antur. Debent enim corpora externa non folum tanquam quiefkentia<br />
fpe&ari, kd etiam vere quiefcere. Alioquin inch& on+<br />
nia I pram ter tranilationem e vicinia ambientium , participabunt<br />
etiam ambiencium motus veros; & ftiblata illa tranfiatione non<br />
vere quiefcent, Ted tanquam quiefcentia foltinimsdo @e&abuntur.<br />
Sunt enim ambientia ad inclufi, ue totius pars exterior ad<br />
partem interiorem, vel ut cortex ad nucleum. Moto autem corrice,<br />
nucleus etiam, abfq; tranflatione de vicinia corticis, ceu pars<br />
torius ~rnovetur.<br />
Przcedenti proprietati affinis efi,,quod mote *Loco movetur;utia<br />
Locatum : adeoque corpusl quod de loco moto movetur, particip?<br />
etiam loci fiui motam. Motus igitur omncs, qui de, locis nlotls<br />
Jiunt, fi.mt partes Colummodo motuum integrorum & abfolutorum :<br />
& mows omnis integer compo.nitur ex mow corporis. de loco lruo<br />
prima, & motu loci hujus de loco ho3 8z iic deinceps ; ufque dum<br />
I perveniatur ad locum i immotum , ut in exemplo Nautx fiupra me7<br />
porato. Wnde motus integri & abfoluti non nifi per loca immota<br />
de&hi poffif!t : &z propterea 110s ad loca immota, relatives ad IIIQbilia<br />
fupra retuli.. Loca autem immota non knt, nifi qua: onwia<br />
ab in&to in infinitum dams Servant pofitiones ad in&em ; atque<br />
adeo femper manent immota, fpatiumque confiituunt quad Immo~<br />
bifc appello.<br />
Caufz:,. quibws motus veri & relativi difiinguuntur ab invicem,<br />
ki,mt yires in corpora impreffz ad motum generandum. MOW<br />
.verus nek generatur net mutatur, nifi per vires in ipfim corpus mbtum<br />
impreffas : ac motus relatives generari & mutari potefi ably*<br />
,viribus impreffis in hoc corpus. SufXkit enim LK imprimantur in<br />
alla’ iblum corpora ad qu3: kit relatio, .ut iis’ ceclentibus mutetur<br />
relatio illa in jua hujk quies vel motus rehivus confifiit. Rur7<br />
,;Tum nwtns verus a viribus in corpus motum imprefis fernper mutrl+<br />
gur; at motus reIativus ab his vjribus non mutatur necefirio, Narn<br />
ii ezdcm vires in alia etianz corpora, ad qux: fit rchtio, .fic impri-<br />
Ill~IlW~
li?EP IN I- cur vex Mutant enim pofiriones fua.s ad; iwvickm ~f$U~ Qlarn 5%<br />
T 1.0 N L 6. iI1 vere quicfcentibu8) unaque cum. cazlis dcYa”ati Gjar~filclPa*~~t .~orurn~<br />
mot-s, & UC parees rWOlV~itir7II~ tBtCXUtII,<br />
‘gj-’ ec)pdm; acibus. reqL<br />
derc conantur. -<br />
jgi[ur q~~3flritatcs relativ& non hnt CS ipfz quanti.~W% q+laWDh3<br />
nomina prz fe fCrUt> fed earum menhrz ilk h&bif~s ~(l~~r~~a~<br />
errantes) quibus vulgus loco quantiratum. rncnfu;~~aru,n~~u,~l~iE~. AC*<br />
fi ex ufu definiendaz funt verborum fignifieationc:s; pep nornina. illa<br />
Temporis, Spas& Loci & Motus proprie i~ntelligefid~; erw;.1$3.3+<br />
menfurs j & firm0 eriE iilColens & pure Machenlatic~~s’3 fi; qu~n@itaf;es<br />
menfurataz hit inrelligantur. &&da vim inf&un$~ &cris<br />
kiteris, qui votes hafce de quantitatibw mcn;hr&s $$ imterpre-<br />
EantWr. Neque mi.nus contaminant Math&n & @~~~~‘~i‘ophiHlim,?+<br />
qui qL7antitates pveras cum ipfarum relaEioilEbW ~,.~nigarl-bus’~~~m,’<br />
.iitris confundunt. /’<br />
I_) :<br />
Notus quidem zeros corporum fingt.kru~m~, co&l?ofcere, 4%. abapparencibus<br />
a&u d”&riminare, difEGllimuSm : afi proptcrea quo&<br />
partes fpatii ilhs immobilis , in quo corpora vere moventur,~ noiz<br />
Incurrunt in ienfus. Caufa tamen non offs prorhs de@erata. wami<br />
hppetunt argumenta’, partim ex mo ti b us y3par&cibGs~ qui- fint<br />
motwm verorum differentiz, partim kx viribus ji7x ik~t’- -mo-<br />
%uum verorum cauGk & eEe&us. Ut G globi duo’, ad d’aram aBirtvicem<br />
diitantiam filo intercedente connexi, rev~hw~entur circa<br />
commune gravicatis ten trum j innotefcerer ex tenGone fili cBn$-~<br />
eus gfoborum recedendi ab axe mows, 8~ in& quahi-tas mw~:15<br />
circularis comp.utari poffet, Deindk fi vires quzlibet aqua-les ill”<br />
alcernas, globorum facies.ad motum cikcnlarem augendum vei minuendum<br />
fimul imprimerentur , innotefkerer ex a&3-a vel diminara<br />
fili tenaione augmentum vel decrementurn morus j 8-z i’nde tandem<br />
inveniri poffent facies globorum in quas vires imprimi dcberent%<br />
ait mow maxime augeretur;id&, facies pofiicze, five qux in rnok<br />
tu circulari fiquun tur. Cog@s autcm hciebus qua ieqnuntur,<br />
EC faciebus oppofitis qua? prazcedunt, cognofceretrnr determinaticr<br />
motus. In hunt modum inveniri kpoil”et & quantitas 8-z determinatio<br />
mows hujus circufaris in vacua, quovis inwnen~o, ubi nihif<br />
cxtaret externum & fenfibile quocum gl‘obi confetiri pofGznt. St<br />
jam con~fiitaerentur in fpatio. ill0 corpora aliqqa Ionginqua &larxr<br />
her G pofitionem fervantia, qualia tint, St&z Fix= +I regi&nibu,$<br />
Rofiris: kiri quidem non poffet ex relativa globorklti tranflationc<br />
inter corpora , utrum his an illis tribuandus eiret nlorus. At: &I<br />
atten-<br />
‘1
Roje&ilia perfeverant in mot&us fuis, nifi quatefluS a refifiencia<br />
aeris retardantur, & vi gravitatis impelluntur deorfumL<br />
&IS, cujus parres cohzrendo perpetuo rctrahunt kfc a moaibus<br />
re&ilineis, non ceffat rota& nifi quatenms aba acre retardatur.<br />
Majora autem Planetarum & Cometarum corpo!a ,motus fiuos &<br />
progrefivos 82 circulares in fpatiis minus refX:entlbus fXkos confkrvane<br />
diutius,<br />
<it&nern wotus proportionalem eJe vi motrici imprejk, &jerk<br />
$eimdtim hem rehb.8 quu vis ilu imprirnitur.<br />
Si vis aliqua motum quemvis generet j dupln duplum, tri la trG<br />
plutr~ generabic, five fimul & fern& five gradatim & fucce K WC impreffa<br />
fuerit. Et hit motus (quoniam in eandcm fkmper plngar~~!<br />
cum vi generatrice determinatur) ii corpus antea mo~ebatur~ moxui<br />
Fjus vel confpiranti additw, vel contrario f’ubducitur, vel obli-.<br />
1 quo. oblique adjicitur, & cum eo, ‘fecundurn utriu[que detcrmina;<br />
aonem componitur. ,
PR.Fi,NCIPTA MAT’HEItkRXXi; ‘P.<br />
gW3 illnd ha?c plana viri6uS:pNF BN pecpcmdic’ulariter, nimirum: ~~~~~<br />
p~aXIWn.p~ V~$JJ??,,& p1a.n~~ #‘G vi kzfl. ldeoqueii tollacur pia- Md-rus~<br />
n,mp&ut pondus ten&t filum; quo1jiam: filum fi&inendo pandus<br />
jam vicem przfiat plani. fublati, tend-etur illud eadem vi p N,<br />
qua planum a~%:: urgebatur. Unde tenfia. f3i hujus obliqui eric<br />
ad tenfionem. fili al.derius perpendicularis 5?1!, ut p N ad pH. Ideoque<br />
.fi pandusp fi:t: 3d pondus A in racione qu”e com,ponitur ex<br />
ra-ticm reciqroca minimarum diltantiarum filwwIr fuorum p N,<br />
AM a cencro rota?, & ratione dire&a p W ad p A?; pondera idem<br />
valebwr, ad rotam movendam, atque adeo fe mutucr f’kfiinebunt,<br />
Opt quilibet espesiri: poeelt,<br />
. Pandtrs ,auGemip,4 pianis illia duobus obliquis incumbens, rationem<br />
habet- cm~5 inter eocporis fiG facies internas : & inde vires cunei<br />
i?e lna.lleB iti!no~etiuat : u-tzpote cum vis; qua poff&us p urgec planum<br />
p-grit xl vim,. q uab idem oel gravim.re fiia vel i&u mallei impellitur<br />
fkcund.um lineam p H in piano, ut;p N and p H; atque-adviwqua<br />
urger plznurrp alterum p G,uc pN ad NH. Sed & vis Ccrcl-ilez per<br />
fimilem virium divifion4m ~oll.igit.ur j qui,ppe quz cuneus eit a ve-<br />
&e impw&rs. Ufus igirur Co.foll3G hujus~ la&lime pacet, & late<br />
patendo’ veritarem fuam” evir&; CUM pendeat ex jam dic%s Mechanica<br />
Eora ab Au&ori.bwdiverfimode demo&rata. Ex hike en.im<br />
facile derivantur vires Machinarum, quz ex Rotis, Tympanis,><br />
Trochleis, VeQibus, newis ten& & ponderibus dire&e vel. obllr<br />
que afcendentibus, cazterifque potentiis Mech-z&is1 compck ib=+<br />
lent, LIE I;t: -&es Terrdinum ad animalium o.fi movenda.<br />
COROLLARIUM<br />
@p&us motus qug colbgitur cdpiendo Jummam motuum fuEhum.<br />
ud eandem partem, & differeaztiam faEartim ad contrarias, nan<br />
mututur a6 a&one car~oruminter~e.<br />
Et&m a&i0 eique contraria rea&io zqUaleS funF per Legem 111,<br />
;ideoque per Legem II aqualesin motibus efficiunt mutationes verfus<br />
conrrarias partes. Ergo fi motus fiunt ad eandem partem ; quicquid<br />
additur motui corporis:fugientis, ikbducetur motui corporis<br />
infequentis fit, ut fumrna maneat eadem quz prius. Sin corporaob-,<br />
iiam cant j zqualis erit filbdu&io de motu ukufque, adeoqtie difYe- .<br />
rentia motutim fa&torum in contrarias partes manebit eadem.<br />
Ut fi corpus +hzricum A fit triplo majus corpore rphzrico &habeatque<br />
duas velocitatis partes j 8i: 13 kquatwr in eadem- rekta cum velocitatis<br />
III.
’t; p$--~~~Lo'~oPHX,E PJATURAHS: '<br />
,.j~~ohiAT’.b<br />
lociratis partibus decem, adcoquemotus ipfius A fit ad ~~~dturri ipfius 1<br />
51 VE B .U~ fex ad dccem : ponantur motus i&s effe partium i‘ex R, par- :<br />
.ti;m dccem, & [un~na erit: partium fkxdecim, l[n,corporum l@tur ’<br />
coucurfu, fi corpus A lucretur mows partcs tres vel quatuor vel<br />
quinque, corpusB amittet partes totidem, adeoque perget corpus<br />
A pot reflexionem cum parribus novem vel decem d udecrms ;<br />
& B cum part&us feptem vel kx vel quinque, exifiente limper fUm- ;<br />
lna partiunl kxdecim ut prius. Si corpus A lucretur partes noverm :<br />
vel decem vel undecim vel duodecim, adeoque progrediatur POficoncur[um<br />
cum partibus quindecim vel fexdecim vel fiprendecim!<br />
ve] o&odecim; corpus B, amitrendo tot partes quot Irf bcratup:<br />
vel cum una parte progredietur ‘aniiffrs partibus, novem, VH gu+<br />
efcet amiKo motu .fuo progrefivo partium decem, ‘vel CUIII unapar#Y<br />
te regredietur amiffo motu, fro & (ut ita dicam) ulia parte‘ ampbuss<br />
vel regredietur cum partibus duabus ,ob .detra&um motum’progref-*%<br />
fivum partium duodecim. Atque ita hrnrnz motuum confpirantium;<br />
If+r vel I&+-o, &diEerentia: contrariorum 17-18~ x8-2 fimpcr.<br />
erunt partium kxdecim, ut ante concurfum & reflexionem. ,w Cog&~<br />
tis autem motibus quibufcum corpora pofi refltxionem pergent, invenietur<br />
cujufquk velocitas, ponendo earn effe ad velocitatem ante<br />
reflexionem, tie motus poit efi ad motum ante. Ut in cafil ultimo, ubi..<br />
corporis A motus erat partium kx ante reflexionem & partium oElsodecim<br />
poitea, & velocitas partium duarum ante reflexionem 5 invenietur<br />
ejus velocitas partium kx pofi reflexionem, dicendo, UC<br />
motus partes fex ante reflexionem ad motus partes ohdecim pofi-:<br />
ea, ita velocitatis partes dwe ante reflexionem ad velocitatis partcs<br />
&x poftea.<br />
s<br />
Qod ii corpora vel non Sphzrica vel, diver& in refiis movenlia<br />
incidant in fe.mutuo oblique, & requirhtur eorum motus pofJ~ 1$2exionem;<br />
cognofcendus efi fi tus plani a quo corpora concurrentia tanguncur<br />
in pun&o concurfus : deiil corporis utriufque motws (per<br />
Coroh.) dihguendus efi in duos,. uuum huic plano perpendicuharem,<br />
alterum eidem parallelurn: motus autem paralleli, proptcr-<br />
.ea quad corpora agant in fk invicem fecundurn’ linean huic plana,<br />
perpend@arem, retineudi funt iidem pofi reflexionem ,atque antea;<br />
Srmorlbus perpendicularibuq mutationes xqu&s in parres con;,<br />
-trarks tribtienda fuht fit, ut fumma confpirantium & di@erentia<br />
contrariorum maneak eadem quaz prius. Ex hujufmodi rcflexioihs<br />
oriri cciam folent motus circulares corporum circa centra pro-<br />
aria. Sed 110s cafcls in fequentibus non confidero, &nimislongum<br />
d.lh omaia hut f@&antia demonfirarc.<br />
CC,ROL-
NCIPIA M THXMATICA.
IS pHILOSc=ll?HI~ -NATURALJS<br />
mutat fiaturn fuum i & reliquorum, quibufcum atiio illa non iaterccdit,<br />
commuue gravitatis centrum nihil inde patirur 5 difiantia<br />
aurem horum duorum cenrrorum dividirur a cornmuIli Corporum<br />
omnium centro in garres Cummis totalibus corporIrm Quorum<br />
iilnt celltra reciproce proportionales 5 adeoque centris. illis: duobus<br />
aatu[ll filum movendi vei auiefcendi krvantlbus, colmmune omniuul<br />
centrum krvat etiam itacum Gum : manifehm efP quad commune<br />
illud omnium centrum ob afii6nes binorum corporuln inter<br />
1~ Ilunquam mutat it atum hum quoad motum & quietem. In tali<br />
auiem fyfiemare aQiones omnes cprporum inter fe, VC~ inter bina.<br />
(unt corpora, veI ab a&ionibus inter bina comi>ofitZj 5 pro ,terea<br />
communi omnium centro mutationem in fiatu motes ejus ve r quictis<br />
nunquam inducunt. Qare cum centrum illud u$ corpora uon<br />
agLInt in fi invicem, be1 quiefcjt, vel in r&a aliqua progreditur uni*<br />
formicer j perget fdem , non ot&antibus corporum aktionibus~inter<br />
i’e, vel f&per quieicere, vel, kmper progredi uniformiter in dira-<br />
&urn j nifi a viribus in fyitema extrinfecus in1pre.G deturbctur de hoc.<br />
fiatu. Eflc ~~itur fyitetnatis corporum phiurn Lex eadem ~UZ COEporis<br />
folitarll, quoad perfeverantiam in tliatu motus vel q~let~s; MO,-.<br />
tus enim. progreflivus ku corporis folitarii feu fjtflematis corporum’<br />
ex mow centri gravitatis azitimari femper debet.<br />
COROLLARWM V.<br />
Corporum datoJdti0 incl5Jorum Gilem J&at mottos irtter Se, Jwf J&zthmz<br />
i&d g.Gefctit, &ye wbowcratusr idem z&form&r iti d&e&~~<br />
n bfqste m.otu circularL<br />
Nam diEerenti,?: motuum tendentium ad eandem parrcm, & fummz<br />
teudentium ad contrarias, ezdem funt hb irlitio in utroq; c&i (ex<br />
hyporhcii) & ex his hrnmis vel differeatiis oriuntur congre#& EC: impetus<br />
quibus corpora k mutuo,.feriwt~t. Ergo per Legetl~ I x ,~q+ua~es C-<br />
~unrcongreffu.um.effe~tus in LltrOqj caCu 3 & propterea alanabuntnlaminter<br />
kin uno cab aquaks moths inter fe inaltero. ldcm corn;;<br />
probatur experimenta luculento, Motuo omnes eodem m&o 1; 113~<br />
km in Navi, five ea quieht, five moveatur uniform iter ill d~re~um;<br />
CwOROLL ARI U&J VI.<br />
Si~oqQramfme~tfw q~O~odoCU'llrqjinterclk,~ a.wirit;u~- ~c~&?r~~~~~&<br />
bus ceq~dlib~sSecund~~~linenspuralle~us wgeanttir; pepgent oMwiH i<br />
sodem mdo mow& interJ&~ j cuirib~~ ii& non tf&t. inC;tdtd.<br />
Nana vires illr:aq,uakr (pro guantitatibus movendoru1;11 corpo-<br />
. 3m-n j
PRIN~CX~IA M.ATHE.bIATrc A. 1y<br />
rum) & fecundurn lincas parallelas .agendo, corpora omnia ,~quaIi- LEG ES<br />
cer (quoad velocitatem) lnovebunt perkgem I I, adeoque nunquam hl OT u s.<br />
mutabunt pditiones & motus eorum inter k.<br />
HaOenus principia tradidi a .Mathematicis recepta & experientia<br />
multiplici confirmata. Per Leges duas primas & Corollaria duo<br />
prima Gnlih~s invenit defcenfum Gravium efl”e .in duplieata ratiolIe<br />
temporis, 6r motum l?roje&itium fieri in Parabola j confpirante experientia,<br />
nifi quatenUS mot&S illi per aeris refiflentiam aliquantulum<br />
retardantur. Ab iikkm Legibus SC Corollariis pendent demonfirata<br />
de temporibus ofcillantium Pendulorum, hffragante Horologiorum<br />
experientia quotidiana. EX his iifdem .& Lege tertia<br />
Ckwi~o~hor~~s Wrennus Eques Auratus, &4annes JW’XZ~W S. T. 9,<br />
& ~Chz$ianz~s Htig&zls, hujus ztatis Geometrarum Facile principes,<br />
regulas congreifuum & reflexionum .duorum corporum feorfim<br />
invenerunt, & eodem fere tempore cum J’o&taze I&g&<br />
commynicarutit, inter fe (quoad has leges) omnino conlpirantes:<br />
& primus quidem WU$k dehde Wrennus A Hagenias inventurn<br />
prodidcrunt., Sed Sr: veritas comprobata efi a #?ww coram<br />
liegi~~ &c&ate per experimenturn .Penduiorum : .quod etiam<br />
CZ&?kus Muriottz~s libro integro exponere rnox digrratus cit. Vcrum,<br />
ut hoc experimenturn cum Theoriis ad amuflim congruat, habenda<br />
efi ratio cum refifientk aeris, turn etiam vis ElafticE concurrentium<br />
,corporum. Pendeane- corpora A, B filis parallelis &<br />
aqllalibus AC, BD, a centris C,D. His centris &intervailis dcfcribantur<br />
femicirculi E A F, GB H radiis CA, D B bifetii. Trahatur<br />
corpus A ad arcus E AF pun&urn quodvis R, & (rubduQo<br />
corpore B) demittatur inde, redeatque pofl unam ofcillatiorlem<br />
ad puntium K .Eft .W+e- ?E ~<br />
tardatio ex refiitentia acris.<br />
c! 5 _ ._., 3 xl<br />
Hujus R Vfiat ST pars quarta<br />
fita in media, ita fiilicet<br />
ut RS & TY aquentur, fitque<br />
RS ad STut 3 ad 2.<br />
Et ifta ST exhibebit retardationem<br />
in defcenfu at 5’ ad A<br />
quam proxime. .Reltituatur<br />
corpus B in locum iilum. Cadat corpus A de pun&o 5, ,& velocitas<br />
ejus in loco reflexionis R, abfque errore fenfibili, tanta eric ac<br />
DZ i?
- 20<br />
fi itI Vacua &diffet: de loco ?-. Exponatur if$tLlr haze vek~citclS j<br />
AxlohlhT*,<br />
per chordam arcus TA. &Jam velocitatem rend+ in pun&o i.n- 1<br />
SiVE<br />
cm0 ere ue c~~ordam arcus quem cadcndo dckripilt, Propofitio eB i<br />
efi Geomatris n&Jima.<br />
P0fi refkxionem perveniat corpus & ad (<br />
locum f, & corpus B ad lOC~1~~ b. Tollatur corpus B & invenia- /<br />
tur Iocus v; a quo fi corpus A demittatur 8~ pofi ullarn okiIlaGo- !<br />
nem redeat ad Iocum rJ fit st pars quarta ipfius ~-ZJ fita in mcdio, ;<br />
j,a videlicct ut r s & t ti xquentur ; & per Chord’am arcus 8 A’ cX- j<br />
ponatur velocitas quam corpus A proxime pofi rcflcxionem habuit:<br />
in JOCO A, Nam t erit locus ilk vcrus & corrcqlw, ad quem cot- j<br />
pIIs A, h]bIata aeris refiflentia, afccnderc dc+ulKk. Sim& me- 1<br />
thodo corrigcndus wit 10~~ k, ad quem corpus 23 afcendit, & .ixp- :<br />
velliendus locus I, ad quem corpus ifIud akcndere debuiffet in va- j<br />
CUO. HOC pa&o experiri licct omnia perinde ac fi in vacua CCUT- ;<br />
ftituti efemus. Tandem ducendum erit corpus A in chordam ar*- j<br />
cus TA (quz velociratem ejus exhibet) ut habeatur nmcus ejus ixr I<br />
loco A proxime ante rcflexionem -,<br />
deinde in chorclamr arcw, .gd, Tut: ;<br />
.habeatur mows ejus in loco A proxime pofi: reflexioncm. Et fit j<br />
corpus B ducendum cril: in chordam arcus BG, w habeatur mcltu-s I<br />
cjus proxime pofi reflexionem, Et fimili IFethodo, rlbi corpora duo 1<br />
ihul demittuntur de lock diverfis, invenrendi firnt marls utr.hfcX~ j<br />
tam ante, quam poi2: reflexionem i & turn demum confercndi fi~nr i<br />
motus inter fi & colligendi efi%&~~s reflexionis. Hoc modo in 1<br />
Bcndnlis ped~m deccm rem rentandol idque in corporibus tslm i<br />
in~qualibus quam zrqualibus, & facicndo ut corpora de iatcrvallis :<br />
ampliffhis, puta pedum oQo vcl duodecim vel fbxdccim, co~~ctlrrc- /<br />
rent j rcpelri fernper fine errore triwn digitorum in xncnkris, 1.1bi i<br />
corpora fibi mutuo dire&e occurrcbant, ELIOT zqualcs erant mutaM j<br />
tio!les motuum corporibas in partes conerarlas iXlat32, atque XI&J :<br />
quod a&o & rea&io timper<br />
i<br />
erant aquales, Wt ii corpus<br />
i 1<br />
.A incidebat ily corpus 23 cam<br />
i<br />
novem partibus niorus, Sz a-<br />
b<br />
1<br />
nGfis ieptcm partibus perge-<br />
1<br />
I<br />
batpoft reflexionem cum du-<br />
i<br />
abus; corpusB refiliebat cum ,<br />
\<br />
partibus ifiis kptem. Si corpora<br />
obviam ibant A calm i<br />
e<br />
dwdecinl parthus si: 13 cum fix, St re&bat A culll duabub ;, rcdiq j
PRINCIPIIA MATWEMATIcA. z.1<br />
nihil: fubducantur alia: partes dub, & fiet motus dwarum partium<br />
in plagam contrariam : k Gc de motu corporis B partium fex Tub- $oE:ii<br />
ducendo partes quatuordecim, fient partes o&o in plagam contrariam.<br />
Qlod f I car p ora ibanc ad eandam plagam, A velocius cum<br />
partibus quatuordecim, Sr B tardius cum pa’rribus quinque, & po&<br />
reflexionem pergebat Scum quinque part&us j pergebat B cum quaruordecim,<br />
fafla tranflatione partium novem de A in B. EC iic<br />
in reliquis. A congrefh Sz: collifione corporum nunquam mutabatur<br />
quantitas mows, qulr: ex fi.mIma motuum confpirantium &<br />
differentia contrariorum colligebatur. Nam errorem digiti unlius<br />
& alterius in menfuris tribuerim difficultati peragendi fingula<br />
fatis accurate. Difficile erat, turn pendula fimul denhere fit, u.t<br />
corpora in k muruo impingerent in loco infimo A Bj cum loca sJ<br />
k notare, ad qu3: corpora afcendebant pofi concurfum. Sed & in<br />
ipfis pilis inazqualis partium denfitas, & textura aliis de cauh irreguIaris,<br />
errores inducebant.<br />
Porro nequis objiciat Regulam, ad quam probandam inventum<br />
efi hoc experimenturn, .prsfupponere corpora vel abiblute dura<br />
effe, vel faltem perfeae elafiica, cujufmodi nulla reperiuntur in<br />
compofitionibus naturalibus; addo quod Experimenta jam defiripta<br />
fkcedunt in corporibus mollibus azque ac in duris, nimirum a<br />
conditione duritiei neutiquam pendentia. Nam ii Regula illa in<br />
corporibus non perfeLte duris tentanda ef?, debebit ~oolummodo<br />
reflexio minui in cerca proportione pro quantitate vis Elafiic3e. In<br />
Theoria Wren& & Htigenit corpora abfolute dura redeunt ab invicem<br />
cum velocitate congreffis, Certius id affirmabitur de perfeh<br />
Elafiicis. In imperfefie Elafiicis velocitas reditus minuenda eft iimu1<br />
cum vi Elafiica; propterea quad vis illa, (nifi ubi partes corporum<br />
ex congreffh lxdunturl, vel extenfionem-aliqualem quail fu.b<br />
malleo paeiuntur,) certa ac determinata fit (quantum kntio) faciatque<br />
corpora rcdire ab invicem cum velohte relativa, qua: fit ad<br />
relativam velocitatem concurfis in data ratione. Id in pilia ex lana<br />
ar&e conglomerata & fortiter confiri&a fit tentavi. Primum demittendo<br />
Pendula & menfirando reflexionem, inveni quanticatem vis<br />
Elaff icze j deinde per hanc vim determinavi reflexiones in aliis cafibus<br />
concurfium, & refpondebant Experimenta. Redibant femper<br />
pilz ah invicem cum velocitate relativa, quz effct ad velocitatem<br />
xelativam concur&s ut p ad 9 circiter. Eadem fere cum velocitate<br />
redibant pilz ex chalybe: alia: ex fubere cum Fjaulo minore: in.vi-<br />
Ereis autem proportio erat I 5 ad 16 circitcr. Atque hoc pa&o Lex<br />
tertia quoad i&xsI~ & reflexiones pe.r Theoriana, comprobn$a~ef&. ~LKE<br />
cum exyerientia plane congruk In
2.2 P.H;I-L~s~PE-~I& h~ATu.~M.xs<br />
A X’#I 0 N AK A, ;Tn!A ttrx&ienibus rem dk ~brevirer ofiendo. Corparibus :duobus<br />
SIVE quib&vis A, B ik mutuo trahentibus , .concipc obtk~ulum quodvis<br />
intcrponi quo congreffk eorum impediatur. Si cor.p~ a1terutr.u.m<br />
A magis trahitur verfus corpus alterum B, ~LWYI illud alterum 23<br />
in prius A, obfiaculuni magis urgebitur preflione cor.poris .A quam<br />
.preilione corporis B j prpindeque non manebic .in squilibrio. .PIXY-<br />
,valebit preflio fortior, faCetqae ut fjdktna corporum duorum :&<br />
obfiaculi moveaturin dir&-urn in partes verfils,B, motuque in fpatiis<br />
liberis ikmper accclerato abeat in infinitum, Qod efi abfurdum 6r<br />
Legi Frimz,contrarium, Nam ‘per Legem .primam debebit .i’yRema<br />
.perfeverare in ffatu fuo quiefcendi vel movendi uniformiter .in dire&.un,<br />
proindeque .corpora SXldiEer urgeburit obfiaculum, ;Ik idckco<br />
aqualker trahentur in invicem. Tentavi hoc in Magne!te &<br />
Ferro. Si h~c in vafcfculis .propriis 6$e contingentibus karfim po-<br />
Gta, ‘$1 aqua !fiagnante juxta fl uitent j neutrum propellet alterum,<br />
fed zqualirate attra&ionis utrinque luRinebul-rt tcon;ltus in :fe 6mu-<br />
XIIOS, ac tandem in zquilibrio con.~it~t~,.q~lie~ent.<br />
&Sic etiam .Sr.avitas inter Terram &,ejus p-a~~es, mutW:efi. Secetur<br />
Terra %‘1 piano quovis E G in p,artes dual EGE & +EGf:<br />
s& zqualia.erunt ~harum polldcra in .fe muwo:<br />
Nam ii piano alio dH.zI< quod priori<br />
2YZ G .paralleIum fit, pars major E’GI:fecetur<br />
in partes duas EGKW & HK.1,<br />
quarum NKiT zqualis iir parti prius zib- J?<br />
lXffz E FG: mnifefium efi quad pars<br />
,media E.GKN pondere proprio in new-<br />
*tram partium extremarnm .propendebit,<br />
$ed inter utramque in equilibria, ‘ut ita<br />
&am, fiufpentletur, &,quiefcet. ‘Patts autem extrcma iFil..K$$oto<br />
fro myondere &umber .in partem mcdiam-, 8.z .urgebit illam in<br />
.yartem altera,m extrcnwlz EGcF;. ideoque vis qua p&urn<br />
;UK.I & UGKN ~rurnrna 22 GI tcndit verfks parcem ‘ter&m<br />
E’G 1;; zqualis efi podcri partis .HK& -id eII ponderi,paks ,QWftiaE<br />
E GjR. ;Et rpropterwpondera partium .duarum EGI, &G&’<br />
Iin k ‘mutuo knt rrqua.Iia, uti volui ofiendere. Et nifi pondera -,I&I<br />
zx$ualia+&‘knt, ‘Terra,tota in libero 3zthere YIu.iraa~s~pond-c%ri :rnz$&<br />
cederet, 8r ab*eo fLlgiendo abiret in infinitum,<br />
Ut corpora in concurfu SC reflexione idem pollent, quor,um A&<br />
locitates filnt reciproce ut vires in-Cm: $c ;in “movendis ItifIru:-<br />
mentis ,Mechanicis agentia idem pollens & eonatibus contrariie :fk<br />
2nutuo ftiitinent, quorum veIocitate6 ‘fecundum &tcrminatidwn<br />
vil;ium
fuNCl[PIA &dWr"HE-MATIcA. 23<br />
viiium afiimat zz> Cunt reciproce ut vires. Sk pond-era aquipolleYX<br />
a& movenda brachis Libras, qu”: ofkillante Libra funt reciproce ut<br />
eorum velocitates furi?lm Bs: deorfum : hoc efi, pondera, G re&a<br />
afiendunt & dehzndunt, zquipollent, qw fiint reciproce. IX pun-<br />
&own a quibus fhfpenduntur difiantiz ab axe Librzj fin- plank<br />
obliquis aliifve admotis obhculis impedha afcendunt’ vet d&cendunt<br />
oblique, aequipollent qua: kiln t reciprpce ut afcenfus & detienfus,<br />
quarenus hAi fecundurn perpendiculum : id adeo 06 dete-rminarionem<br />
gravitatis deorfum. Similiter in Trocblea fiu Polyfpafio<br />
vis manus hnem diretie trahentis, quz. fit ad pond-us’ vel~dke-&<br />
vel oblique afcendens ut velocitas akenfus perpendicularis ad velocitatem<br />
manus funem trahentis, Winebit pondus. In Horologiis<br />
& fimilibus infirumcntis, qw ex rotulis commifis conltru&a<br />
itint,, ,vires. coatrark ad motum rotularum promovendum &- impediendum,<br />
fi fht reciproce ut velocitates partium rotularum in q.oas<br />
imprimuntur, ftifiincbunt fe mutuo. Vis Cochlea ad premendum.<br />
corpus efi ad vim manus manubrium circumagentis, ut circularis<br />
velocitas manubrii ea, in pzwe ubi a rnan~~ urgerur> ad velocitatem<br />
progrefivam cochlea verlrus corpus preffum. Vires quibus Cuneus<br />
urget partes d.uss ligni fifi..func. ad. vim..mallei..ia.cur~eum, ut<br />
progreffus cunei fecundurn determinationem vis a malleo in ipfum<br />
imprefk, ad velocitarem qua partes ligni cedunr cuneo, fecundum<br />
lineas faciebus cunei perpendiculares. Et par eft, ratio Machar<br />
rum omnium.<br />
Harum efkacia & ufis in eb 2&.~ confifiit, ut diminuendovelocitateni<br />
augeanius vim, SC contra : Unde folvitur in omni aptorum<br />
infirumentorum genere Problema, Zrattim. pondz~s h&la ui naoven-<br />
&, aliamve datam refifkentiam vi ,daca filperar;ldi. Nam ii-Ma-<br />
cliinz ‘ita formen tur, ut velocita tes Rgentis ik Refi’ff’entis hit reciproce<br />
ut vires; Agens refi’Rkntiam fiTff inebic : & maj.ori cumi velocitatum<br />
,di@aritate @andem vincet.. Cerce ii tam& fit: mehaith.~m<br />
diljjaritas, UC vincatur etiam reGfientia60mnis, qi~~ tam ex contiguorum<br />
& inter re labentium corporum attritione, quam ek conrinuorum<br />
.& ab invicem fiparandblwm. cohafione &r: elevaa~do’rum<br />
ponderibus oriri iolet j fiiperata omni ea re.fiBenria., Visa: r,edundans<br />
accelerationem motes fib,i psoportionalem, pasti.m in part&<br />
bus machinze, partim in corpore refifiente * producet. Gcterum.<br />
Mechanicam trakktre non efl hujus infiiruti. Hike volui tan-.<br />
turn .ofiendere z quam late pateat quamque certa fit Lex tercia.<br />
MO tus. Nam fi &I+wtur A.gentis a&i0 ex ejus. vi & velocitat.e
24<br />
~~ILOSOPMI&<br />
NATURALIS<br />
DE hloru tare conjunQirn ; & fiditer Refifientis w&-i0 aflzitpetur conjunco<br />
Rr~ x~ M &in1 ex ejus partium Gngularum velocitatibus & virhx3 retiftedi<br />
ab earurn artririone, cchfione, pondere, & acceleratione or&<br />
undis; erunr aQio L? rca&io~ in omni infirumentorum ufu,<br />
{ibi illvice hnper ZXJlI3lCS. Et quatenus a&o propagatur per<br />
infirumentLm1 Sr: ulrimo imprimitur in. corpus 0mne refiiten&<br />
ejus uI&na dcterminatio determination1 rea&ionis Gmper erit<br />
conrraria.<br />
DE<br />
.L E n/T M A .I.<br />
Umtitdtes, ut & pantitatum rationes, qzw ad aqualitatem<br />
tempore pornis finito conzanter tendtint, & an~efiiaem tempo-<br />
.ris ills propius ad invicem a~cedunt quam pro dutn guawis diffe=tia,<br />
junt ultimo qi2ale.s.<br />
Si negas; fiant ukim6 inequales, & fit earum nlrima differentia<br />
59. Er o nequeunt proyius ad xqualitatem accedere quam :pre<br />
data di ttg erentia 23: contra hypothefin, .)
“.-<br />
.’<br />
‘\<br />
*-”<br />
--
DZ MOTIJ centium arcuum ab, bc, cd, ,&c. comprehenditur, coincidit ultimo<br />
culn Figura curvilinea.<br />
c0r02. 3, Ut & Figura reQiIinea circumfcripta qU= tangcntibus<br />
eorundcmx arcuum comprehenditur,<br />
COUO~. 4* Et propterea ha Figura ultimz (quoad peri?etros u cE,)<br />
non fu‘wnt r&&lincz, fed reQilinearum limites curvibel*<br />
CORPORUM<br />
Et&Gffl ut fynh parallelogramma fingula ad fingula, -ita (componendo)<br />
fit. fumma omnium ad fummam omnium, & ita Figure ad<br />
Figurtim 5 exifiente nlmirum Figura priore(per Lemma I 11x) ad furnmam<br />
priorem, & Figura pofierlke ad fummzim pofieriokm ih rationc<br />
zquajitatis. $.2& E. 2).<br />
Coral. _ Hint fi dua- cujufknque generis quantitates in eandem<br />
partium numerum utcunque dividantur; & partes iIke, ubi nume~u~<br />
earum -awge,tur & magnitude &&ill&w in infinitunl,. d.atam ofb&<br />
neant rationem ad $vicem, prima ad primam, fecunda ad kcuadam,<br />
czterz:que fuo ordme ad cxteras: erunt tota ad invicem in eadem<br />
illa dara ratione. .Nam G in Lemmatis hujus Figuris fumantwar pafalleIa-
PRIN~IPIA<br />
A/iATWEhht,'~~~~.<br />
rallelogramma inter fe ut partes, filrnrnx partium fcmper erunt ut<br />
fimm;r: parallelogrammorur J 3 - atque adeo, ~1f.6 pxtium & IJarallelogrammoryn<br />
numerus augetur 8-z magnirudo diminuit-lr in inhniturn9<br />
in ultlma ratlone parakzlogrammi ad parallelogrammum, id<br />
efi (per bypdlefil~] in ultima ratione partis ad par&em,<br />
"7<br />
LIHZr.<br />
P ,< r !! v $.<br />
.LEMhlA v.<br />
L E M M A<br />
VI.<br />
$i. arcus quilibet poj.Gone datm A B J&bbm<br />
tendatur chorda A B, & ie punk% A<br />
&quo A, in wedio cum~atme contimce,<br />
taflgatur a re@a uhngue prod&a<br />
A D j deiw puni3a A, B ad invicem R<br />
accedant & cot’ant ; dice quad angulus<br />
g A I), jhb chorda & tangente conten-<br />
PUS, minuetuty in h&&urn & ultimo e-<br />
wme$ceL<br />
T<br />
Nam fi angulus ille non evanefcit, continebit arcus AB cum tangente<br />
Aa a~guhm r~&ilineo zqualem, & propterea curvatura ad<br />
ad pull&urn A non erlt continua, contra hypotllefin-<br />
L E M M A<br />
VH.<br />
@dem.po&tis j dice quad ultima ratio UPCUS, chord&, & tangntk<br />
ad invicem efl ratio squalitatis.<br />
Nam dum pun&urn B ad pullEturn A accedit, inteltigantur emper<br />
A.23 & .JTI ad pun&a longinqua b ac d produci, & fic?ntl. B 23<br />
parallela agatur b d. Sitque ‘arcus Ab fernper Iimilis ar+r AB.<br />
Et pun&is ,d, B coeuntibus , angulus dAb, per Lemma fi~pe’riw<br />
yanefcet ; adeoque retiz kmper finitze Ab, &‘arcus in,terniedius<br />
Ab coincident, & propterea zxpaies erun % Unde & hifce<br />
.kmper proportionales re&z AB, AI>, & arcus intermedius AB<br />
E2<br />
en-
23 m-W.LW3PHI.A NATURA.LIS<br />
evanefcent, & rationenl ultimam habebunt ~qualitatitk L&f%.B*<br />
Coral. 1. Uncle ii per B ducatur tangenti parallela B F, r&am<br />
quamvis AF per ~4 tranfe--<br />
untem perpetua kcans in FJ<br />
hze:c B .F ul time ad arcum e;<br />
vanefcentem A B rationem<br />
habebit szqualitatis, eo quad<br />
complete paraUe]ogrammo k!FBr) rationem femper habet-Equal<br />
litatis ad AD.<br />
Coral. 2. Et di per B & A dacantur plures re&x BE, B2>, AJ’.‘.<br />
JG, fkcantes tangentem AZ) & ipfius parallelam B%lj ratio u]tima<br />
abfcifikxm omnium A”D, A’E, B.F, B @, chordsque 8-z arcus<br />
AB ad jnvicem erit satio azqualitatis.<br />
Coral. 3. Et propterea; 11% omnes linex, in omni d,e rationihs ~14<br />
timis argumcntatione, pro k invicem ufurpari pofiw.:<br />
G E M M A VIIE. . .<br />
Nam dum pun&ml I3 ad pun&urn A<br />
xcedit, intellig5tur femper ABj A3), AR<br />
ad pun&a longinqun 6, d & r produci,<br />
ipfiqwe 112) parallela agi r b d, & arcui<br />
AB fimilis femper fit arcus Ab. Et coeu&bus<br />
pun&is A, B, angulus. b Ad. evanefcet,<br />
& . ropterea triangula tria femper.<br />
finiea r,A Ip ; r A6, r&d coincident, funtque.<br />
eo, nomine fimilia & xqualia. Unde<br />
$t hi&% kmpec fimilia & propoctionalia<br />
R AB , R A B, R,.dZl fient ultimo~ fibi’<br />
kwicem.fimilia & zqualia. ,$Z$ E. 2).<br />
COW& ‘Et hint triangula illaj,in omni de rationibw<br />
~cntadone,i pro k invkem~ ufurpari pofint,.<br />
‘,<br />
uleimis arg+
L E M M A<br />
si. re& A E & CWUGJ A B C pojtione ddtg fe mutclo .[ecenGn<br />
aqulo ddto A, & ad retiiam Uam in alio data angulo ordina-<br />
@VZ applicentw B D, C E, czwv~ occurrentes ia B, C; dein<br />
pm&a R, C /&rml accedant ad punEum A : dice quod are& tridngulorm<br />
A-B D, A C E ermk<br />
ratione Iatwum.<br />
Etenim dum pun&a B, C accedunt<br />
.,ad pun&urn A, inteIligatur<br />
femper Aa> produci ad pun&a longinqua<br />
d & e, ut fint Ad, Ae ipfis<br />
AfD, AE proportionales, & e-<br />
rigantur ordinatx ddi, ec ordinatis<br />
‘I)B, E C parallels qua: occurrant<br />
ipfis A B, A C produQis in<br />
b & c. Duci intelligatur, turn curva<br />
Abe ipfi AB C Gmilis, turn re&a<br />
Ag, qua;: tangat curvam utramque<br />
in A, SS: f&et ,ordinatim applicatas<br />
2) B, E C, db, e c in F, G, f, g.<br />
Tuna manente longitudine Ae co&ant pun&a S; C cum pun&o Aj -<br />
& angulo c Ag evanefcente, coincident area curviline;E: Abd, Ace,<br />
cum re&ilineis Af d, Age: adeoque (per Lemma v) erunt in dudicata<br />
ratione later-urn Ad, Ae : Sed his areis proportionales f&-nper*<br />
fiint arex AB 9, ACE, & his lateribus lateraAZ3, AE. Ergo &<br />
are% AB 23, ACE fknt ultimo in duplicata rarione laterum AB,<br />
AE. g&?L=D.<br />
LEMMA X.<br />
IX.<br />
F, I B l%R<br />
i?iIMVSv<br />
Exponanrur tempera per lineas A4i3; AE9 & velocitates genitz<br />
per ordinatas, ‘23 B, E Cj St fpaeia. his velocitatibus defcripta, eru\nt<br />
ut area A B 2>, ACE his ordinatis defcripcz, hoc efi, ipfo mows.<br />
init; (gr Lemma TX) in dwglicata ratione temposum ,kZI, AE,.<br />
’ ** ft2m.d
‘~H~I~~$X~W-XE N A URALfS<br />
3”<br />
19 E ifI0.r v<br />
cOrO/8 T. EC ljinc facile colligitur>- quod corporunl fim-$s fin&<br />
cunpgR V :.I liLl\ll Figurarum partes temporibus proportionalibus defirlbentium<br />
Errores, qui vlribus quibufvis zizqualibus ad corpora fimiliter arjplicatis<br />
generantur, or menfirantur Per difiantias corpw!n a F&<br />
CyrarLlfn Gmilium locis illis ad quz corpora eadem temPorlbus iiL<br />
&m pr0portionalil>llS abfquk viribus ifiis pervenir?W fiat W’quag<br />
drata temporulll in quibuS generantur quam Proxlme.<br />
cOro/. 2. Errores autem qui viribus proportiollalibus ad fimiles<br />
g;‘igurarum fidiunl partes fimiliter applicatis generantW Eunt ut<br />
vires & quadrata temporum conjunRim,<br />
~oro/. 3. Idem intelligendum efi de fpatiis quibu?is ~UX cofpo:<br />
ra urgentibus dive& viribus defcribunt, E&X fiult, Ipfi motus i&’<br />
.tio, Ut vires or quadrata temporum conjunhn.<br />
Co&. 4. Ideoque vires funt ut fjpatia, ipfo motus inicio, defcript~<br />
.dire&e & quadrata temporum inverfe-<br />
CL&. 5. Et quadrata temportim fiint ut defiripta fjpatia dire&e<br />
& vires inverfel<br />
SchoTium.<br />
Si quantitates indeterminate diverforum - generum confcrantur<br />
inter fe, SC earum aliqua dicatur effe ut efi alia quzwis dire&e vel<br />
inverk: knfus efi, quod prior augetur vel diminuitur in eadem,<br />
ratione cum pofieriore, vel cum ejus reciproea. Et (i earwn &qua<br />
dicatur effe LX fimt alk duk vei plures dire&e vel inverk: &nfus<br />
efi, q,uod prima augetur vel diqinuitur in ratione quz componitur<br />
ex raiionibus in quibus ali;r: $eJ aliarum reciprocz augentur vel diminuuntur.<br />
U t fi A dicatur eire ut B dire&e & C dir&e & D ini<br />
verk: khfus ef?, quad A augetur vel diminuitur in ea&m ratione<br />
cumBXGX$, hoc&,<br />
BC<br />
quod A & -<br />
‘<br />
D cult ad invicem in ratio-.<br />
ne data,<br />
,LE’MM’A XI.‘ .<br />
&hn‘* erup@fiicns,.angul~ canl”a&h, iif cufwis 0 f@f&sir/t$ c$pg$&&<br />
ruti $nitam ad, punkwz contufhs haben&w, &‘$~~~o ;q rdll<br />
., ‘tionc .duplicdts JiStenJ~ arcw con~ermiui.<br />
,“.CiJ I, && I<br />
US ilk AB, tangens ejUS 459, filbtenfa aly@i con..<br />
ta&t.u~ ad tangentem perpendicularis B “22, @btenCa arcus ~23, Huic<br />
fihtenf’a= J B 82 tangen ti A 2) perpendiculares erlgantur A G, “B G;<br />
comLp
PRI~CIDI,‘~ MATH’EMATICA: ip 1’<br />
concurrentes in G ; dein accedan t pun&a ‘D, 23, 6, ad pun&a d, b, g, L 1 E E Ic<br />
fitque J interfeeflio linearu m 23 G, A G ukimo fa&a ubi pun&a ‘ZI, B PI< r hx U5*<br />
accedunt ufque ad A. Manifehm eit quod dihntia GJ minor<br />
e$ii Dotefi quam afig:nata quavis. Efi autem (ex natura circulorum<br />
per I;unAa AB G, AIbg tranhuntium] AB qz&A A .=<br />
q~de A G x B D, Sr A b qad, zquale “p9 x b d, [:<br />
I-<br />
adeoque rario AB quad. ad Ab qwd. componitur<br />
eit rati.onibus AG ad Ag 8: B 2, ad b d. c O ,-<br />
Sed quoniam GJ affumi poteft minor longitudine<br />
quavis afignata, fieri potefi ut ratio AG<br />
ad Ag minus difkrat a ratione zqualitatis quam<br />
pro dlfFerentia quavia ailignata, adeoque ut ratio<br />
AB qsiad. ad Ab pud. minus differat a rah<br />
f<br />
tione B D ad bd quam pro differentia quavis<br />
afignata. Efi ergo, per Lemma z, ratio ultima<br />
AB gziad. ad A b quad. xqualis rationi ultimz $<br />
B9 ad bd. &.&. I).<br />
Gas&z. Inclineturjam B D ad AD in angulo ’<br />
quovis data, & eadem kmper erit ratio uTtima BS9 ad bd qua<br />
prius, adeoque eadem ac .AB quad. ad A b pad. $i& ~5;. I),<br />
C&s. 3. Et quamvis angulus 59 non detur, kd re&a B 2, ad da-,<br />
turn pun&urn convergente, vel alia quacunyue lege confiituaturi<br />
tamen anguli 57, d communi lege confiituti ad zqualitatem hnpervergent<br />
& propius accedent ad invicem quam pro differentia quavis<br />
affignata , adeoque ultimo gquales erunt, per -Lcm. r, & prop-’<br />
terea line,?: B 59, bd hnt in eadem ratione-ad invicem ac prius,<br />
.$& E=. 9.<br />
Cord I. Unde cum tangentes ~$53, Ad, arcus A’ B, A 6, & eorum<br />
finus B C, be fiant ultimo chordis AAT, .A b xquales 5 erunt<br />
&am illorum quadrata ultimo UC fubtenh BTD, bd.<br />
L’wol. 2, Eorwndeln quadrata fi~nt. etiam ulrimo ut hat awuum<br />
figttcx quz chordas bikcant &L ad datum pun6hm convergunt.<br />
Nam figittx: illa fimt ut iirbtcnfx BD, bd.<br />
Coral. 3. Jdeoque Ggirta efi .in duplicata ratione temporis quo<br />
corpus data velocitate defcribit arcum.<br />
COPOZ. 4, Trianguln reAilinea AD B, Ad6 fi.rnt ulcimo in cripli- .’<br />
cata ratione latcrum A’D, Ad, inque kfqwplicatn laterum DB,.<br />
db; utpote in compofita ratione lacerum AD, 81: 23 ~3, Ad & db.,.<br />
exibltencia. Sic & criangula ABC, A bc funt ultimo in triplicata<br />
ratione laterum B C, b c, Rationem vero Seii~uiplicatam voco rriplicatx<br />
hbduplicatam, qulc nempe ex fimplici & fiubduplicata cornponitur,<br />
quamque alias SciQuialteram dicunt. ~, ~or.oL<br />
,
42-~&J<br />
@zlerum in his omnibus fupponimus allgulunl co!lta&us .nec 4r$<br />
finite majorem efl”e angulis.conta&uum, quos Circull continent cum<br />
tangentibus skis, net ii&m infinite minorem; 110: efi, curvaturam<br />
ad pun&m A, net infinite parvam effc llcc in+te ~Xq$narn, fiu<br />
intervallum A J finitze ~$2 ma,gnitudinis, Cap dm pot& 2) B<br />
ut ADS: quo in cafi Circulus nullus per punaum A inter tangen*<br />
tern AZ) & curvam AB duci potefi, proindeque angdus conta&ua<br />
erit infinite minor Circularibus. Et fimili argumellto G fiat DB<br />
Kfuccefive ut AD-+, AD, AD, AB7, &cl hbebitur i’eriies angulorum<br />
contaQus pergens in infinitum, quorum quilibet p80Aerior<br />
ek infinite minor priore. Et ii fiat 59B fllcceflivG Lit: AID”,<br />
A in+, ATI:, A 2);) AD+, AD;, kc. habebitur alia feries infinita<br />
.angulorum conta&us, quorum primus efi ejufdem gcneris cum Cir-<br />
.cuIaribus, fecundus infinite major, & quiIibet poficrior infinite rual<br />
j or priore. Sed & inter duos quofvis ex his anguIis pot& Eerie8<br />
utrinque in infinitum pergetis angulorum intermediorum inferi,<br />
quorum quilibet pofkerior erie infinite major minorve priore. Wt:<br />
.di inter terminos A2)’ & ATI3 inkratur ferics ATF$, AZPj”,<br />
A?$, ADS, AT& ADf, AZl$f, ADL?D ki?D”$, &c. Et rwr-<br />
@s mrer binos quofvis angwlos hujus Ceriei inf’eri potefi I*cries noI<br />
.lya angulorum intermcdiorum ab inviccm i&iris intervallis difj&<br />
.rentium, Neque novit natura limitem.<br />
@a de curvis lineis deque fuperfkicbus comprelhenfis dcmQnc<br />
Brata, funt 3 facile applicantur ad folidorum fupcrficies curva~ &<br />
contenta. Prazrnifi vero IXIX Lemmata, ut effugerem tz:dium de&*<br />
.cendi perplexas’demon~ratio~les, more vcterum Geoyctrarum, ad<br />
abfurdum. ContraBiores enim redduntur demoufirationes per m&<br />
:bhodum Xndivifibilium, Sed quoniam durior efi I[ndivifibiliunl hy*<br />
pothfis, & propterea methodus illa lninus Geometrica ccn&tus)<br />
wahi demonfirationes ..rer.um .feguentium ad ulcinlas quantitacunl
3% pHIZO.sOP’HP~~ NA ‘WslLI$<br />
tra&gredi, neque prius attingere quam quantka tes dirninauntw ip<br />
zi”,zt;Yd infinitum. &s clarius intelligetur in infinite magnis. $5 qu.anti.ta,t@$<br />
dux quaram data eii differentia a-ugea$ur in infii,nitum, ,dabitllr<br />
hum ultima raclo, nimirum ratio aquahtatis!, net $arneq idcc3.d*<br />
buntur quantitates ult.imz kL1, max~ilxw quarum !.kl J&$ ratig. . lgit?#T<br />
in fequentibus, fiquando facili rerurn conwptul co.l1fuIfens +.$G~W<br />
quantitates. quam minimas , y.el evanekentes, vel ul tin&s j c,+yye *in-<br />
tclligas quantitates magnkudine decerminacas,. fed ,cogi$a ,C@..p,~P<br />
diminuendas fine limite.
- t?bdeIll plan0 CUm triam@o AS’B. fullge ~‘c’j & tri.angLlium $fi”BCy L! ilbi:<br />
oh parallelas &‘B, t7c, aquale erit tkiangnllo. J’Bc, acqueadeo etiam PKI .GU~~<br />
~ti%nguIo S A’ B. Simili argument0 fi vi,s ccnthpeta fixc&ve agat<br />
in C3 B, E, 8-x. fk5ens uf corpus iingulis, temporis particulis {illgulas<br />
dckribat rehs CT& 53 E, E.F, arc. jacebunt IKE omnes itI<br />
eadcm phno j Sr triangulum SC53 triangulo SB,C, & SI> E ip[i<br />
S-CD, & SEF ipfi PD E xquale erit. f%qualibus igitur temporibus<br />
zquales are% in piano immoto defcribun tur : & cosupone&o,<br />
filnt arearum fummx qwwis SAZ) S, SAFS inter [e, utfilnt tempora<br />
defcriptionum. Augeatur jam numcrus 8.5 minuatur latitudca<br />
t.riangulorum in infinitum; k eorum ultima perimeter AD E, (per<br />
@orollarium quartum Lemmatis tertii) erit linea curve : adeoque vis<br />
centripeta, qua corpus a rangente huju3 curv,x perpetuo retralYitUr*,<br />
aget iad&nenteP j area2 vero qux.vis dekripta: SA9 S, S A FL;s<br />
tcmporibus defcriptionum-fernper proportionales, erunt iii’dem temporibus<br />
in hoc cafi proportionales. &E. 2).<br />
Curol. I. Velocitas corporis in centrum immobile attra&i efk iI2<br />
fpatiis non refifientibus reciproce ut perpendiculwm a centro illo in<br />
Orbis tangen’tem re&ilineam demithn, Efi enim velocitas in Iocis<br />
illis. A, B-, C, 9, B, ut funt bails t~qualium triangulorum AB, BC,<br />
$eEitiy E, E Fj & hx bates knt reciproce ut perpendicuia in iph<br />
.<br />
Cord. 2. Si arcuum duorum xqualibus temporibus in fpatiis non<br />
sefifienribus ab eodem corpor,e fucce~i.ve dekriptorum chords A.&<br />
B C compleantur in parallelogralnmunl. A.BCU, ?x Hujus diagonalis<br />
B,U in ea pofitione quam ultimo habet ubi arcus illi in infinitum<br />
diminuuntur, producatur utrinque j tranfibit eadem per cenrrum<br />
virium.<br />
CoroJ, 3, Si arcuum xqualibus temporibus in fipatiis non r.efilten-<br />
*ibus. defcriptorum chorda A B, B C ac B E, E F compleantur in<br />
parallelogramma ABC U, I> E FZ; vires in B & E funt ad invi-<br />
Gem- in ultima ratione diagonalium B U, E Z, ubi arcus ifii in infiniturn<br />
diminuuntLu’.. Nam corporis motus B C & E F compommtur,<br />
(per Legurn Gorol. I,) ex motibus B:c; B U 8-c Ef, EZ: atqui<br />
B. u & EZ, iph Cc & Ff xquales, in Demonifrationc Propofiiionis<br />
hjus generabantur ab impulfibus vis centnpetx In Is gb:<br />
E, ideoque ,fint his impulfibus proportionales.<br />
Co&, 4, Vires quibus corpora quzlibet: in Qatiis non refifientibus<br />
a motibus re&ilin&s retrahuntur ac detorquentur in orbes cur?<br />
vos funi: inter fk ut arcuum aqualibus temporibus defiriptorum figitr;e<br />
i\l~~qu~ convergunt ad cent;: viriwm, & chardas bikca$<br />
ubt
DF. mUT,‘J<br />
ubi arcus illi in infinitum diminuuntur. I?Jam 1~2 fiagirrrr: filnt fk-<br />
~&oRpO~xuM miffes diagonalium de quibuS egimus in ~orokRiq tertio,<br />
Coral. f, Ideoque vires exdem funt ad vim grayrtatis, ut I~=-&.<br />
gittx ad fagittas horizonti perpendicukwes arcuurn Parabolicorum,<br />
quos projeblia eodem tempore dekrlbunt.<br />
C&k. 6. Eadem omnia obtinenc per Legum Cpyol. IJT, ubi plana,<br />
Sn quibus corpora moventur, Ltlla cum centrls vu-1um qua in i&j.&<br />
Sita fint, non quiefcunt, .kd moventur uniformiter in dlreaunl.<br />
Gas. I. Nan1 corpus omne q,uod movetur in finea ~TTV~,. demr-'<br />
qtetur de curb refiilineo per vim aliquam in ipfum agentem (per-<br />
Eeg. c.) Et vis illa qua corpus de curb re&ilineo detorquetur, &<br />
cogitur triangula quam minima SAB, SBC, SCD, &c. circa<br />
pElun&um immobile S temparibus xqualibus xqualia defiribere, a/-<br />
git in loco B cecundum lineam parallelam ipfi CC (per Srop. XL,<br />
Eib. I Elem. & Leg, I I.) hoc efi, kcundum lineam B S; St in loco<br />
C fecundurn 1inez-m ipfi &2I parallelam, hoc elt, fkcundum lineam,<br />
SC, kc. Agit ergo kmper kcundum lineas tendel~tesadpunLbn<br />
jlhitd immobile S. &E. D.<br />
Gas. 2. Et, per Leg,um Corollarium quinturn, perinde $ five:.<br />
quiefcat, Cuperficies in qua corpw dekribit figuram cwmlrnehn~,<br />
B’ve moveatur eadem una cum corpora, figura defcripta, & pun&w<br />
fuo S uniFormieer ilz dire&urn.<br />
Cwol. I, Irr Spark vel Mediis non refiitentibusx fi areaenon fint:<br />
temporibusproportionales, vires non tenduat ad concurtim radiorum<br />
j *Cedinde.declinant in cchfequentia feu verfus phgam in quarry<br />
fir motus, fCmodo arearum dehiptio accelerattir : fin retardatur, d-c-<br />
&ant in arxecedentia. r I<br />
Carats 2. In Mediis eeiam refifientibus, Garcarum defkriptio acheI&.<br />
satur,virium dire&iones declinant a concurfii. radiorum ve+xs plagam<br />
in gym fit motus, ,> ./’<br />
i&+&&g
Schblium.<br />
urgeri potefi corpus a yi centripeta compoiita ex pluribus viribus.<br />
In hoc cafu knfus Propofitionis efi, quod vis illa qure ex om-*<br />
nibus componitur, tendit ad pun&urn 3. Porro ii vis aliqua agat<br />
perpctuo fecundurn lineam rupcrficiei dkfcriptaz perpendicularem 5<br />
hxc faciet ut corpCPs defle&atur a plan0 fui motus: Gd quantitatern<br />
fiperficiei defcriptzz net augebie net minuet, ‘8~ propterca in..<br />
compofitione virium negligenda efi;<br />
~ROPOSITIO III. THEOREMA Hf.<br />
~COY~US omne, pod rdaio nd-centrum co~pparis dlterim utcunque VZO~~‘<br />
dmto de[cr&it dveax circa centrullrt i&vd tempo&s proportiow-<br />
les, urgetm rvi cmnpojta ex zi cent&pet& tendente.ad colrpus il..<br />
ktid ulterzm, &J ex vi omni mcelewtrice ~UCZ corpus i,Lhd altertm-<br />
iwgetur.<br />
Sitcorpus primum L St corpus alterum T: & (per Legum Coral.,<br />
VI.) ii vi nova,qw:qualis & contraria fit illi qua corpus alterurn<br />
5? urgetur;.. urgeatur corpus urrumque fecundrmm~~hmzas parallelas 5<br />
perget corpus primum L defcribere circa corpus alterum Tarcas<br />
eafdem ac prius : vis autem, qu’a corpus alterum T urgebatur, jam*<br />
defiruetur per .vim .I’_lbi zqualem & contrariam ; & ,propterea (per<br />
Leg. I.) corpus-illud alterum T fibimet ipfi jam rcli&um vcl quic$cet<br />
vel niovebitur unif6rmites in dire&urn : Sr corpus primum L;<br />
urgente diffcrentia virium, I ‘d et?, urgentc vi reliqua perget areas<br />
temporibus proportionales circa corpus. alterum Y dci‘cribcre. Ten-<br />
&t igitur (per Thcor. 1 I.) differentia virium ad corpus illud altc-.<br />
rum TuPcentrum, $2 E. ED.<br />
C’urol. T. Hint ii corpus unum.L radio ad altcrum 2 du@o de*.<br />
kribit areas rempo.ribus proportionales ; atque de vi tota (five fimplici,<br />
five ex viribus pluribus, juxta Legum Corollarium fecundum,.<br />
compofira,) qua carp-us prius ;L urgetur> lubducatur (per idem Led<br />
gum Corollarium) vis rota acceleratdx qua corpus. alterum urg+r :<br />
vis omnis reliqua qua corpus prigs urgeFur tendet ad corpwalter~~rn<br />
Tut ccntrum.<br />
‘- Curd. .2. Et, f 1 arez illa: funt temporibus.quamproxime proporkionales,<br />
vis reliqua tendct ad corpus. alterum T quamproxime.,<br />
CaroZ. sQ Et vkc VC~& fi vis r&qua tendis quamproxirne ad<br />
corpus<br />
tr BES? .’<br />
PRIMUS”
DE h,oru corptls alterurn T, erunt are32 i!lzz temporibus q~~amprO.Xirne pro-<br />
CORPOKUM p~rtiO&lakS.<br />
cO~O/. 4, Si corpus L radio ad alterum corpus r $.&o defkibit<br />
arcas qua:, cum eeniporibus collatz, funt valde. lrlzquales; 8~:<br />
corpus illud alterurn T vel quiefcit vel movetur umforlniter in d,ire~ulll:<br />
a&is vis centripetx ad corpus illud altcrum 7” tenden&<br />
vcl ilulla ek, vel mifcetur & componitur cum a&:ionlbuS, admodum<br />
potcntibus aliariim virium’: Vifque tota ex Qnlni~bW G plures fint<br />
vires, cotnpofif~~ ad aliud (five immobile five mobk) centrumdirigitur.<br />
Idem obtinec, ubi corpus alterum motu quocunque naovcf<br />
ur 3 ii mode vis centripeta fimatur, quz refiat pofi fubdu&ioncm<br />
vis rotius in corpus illud alterum T agentis.<br />
Slcholim<br />
‘i..,.<br />
Qloniam aquabilis arearum defiri,ptio Index- ek Contri,: quad<br />
vis iila refpicie. qua corpus maxime afkitur, quaque refxahitw ~IT.IOtu<br />
recCiheo & in orbita fua retinetur : quidni ufurpemus i;n f+~uentibus<br />
aquabilem arearum deficriptionem, LX Indicem Centri circum<br />
yuod motus omnis circularis in fpatiis liberis peragi-tur .S<br />
PROPOSITIO IY. THEO:REMA W:<br />
Corporuw, qud i&verJos circdos lequabili mot24 deJb&mZ, vires cbm<br />
tr$vtas tid cer,ztrd eortirtdem circdorum~ tendfre j & t$i hger$eh,p<br />
ut Jib< arctium JimMl d&riptown quadrata q@kxg~ dd &c&q -<br />
rum vddios.<br />
Tendunt ha vires ad cktra circulorum per Prop,1 I. & Coral. 13.<br />
Prop. 1; & filnt inter fe ut arcuumzqua1ihu.s temporibus quam midi--<br />
mis defcriptorum finus verfi per Corol. IV. Prdp. 15 hoc eit; ut qu&<br />
,.drata arcuum eorundem ad diametros circulorum applicara @er<br />
.&em. VII : & propterea, cum hi arcus fint- ut atw~s temp,.cni~b;~s~<br />
quibufvis azqualibus defcripti, & diametri iin6 ut eofum radii j Gi-,<<br />
res erunt ut arcuum quorumvis fimul.’ defiriptorum -qua&a ta aqd<br />
plicata ad radios circuIorum. $&EL ‘23.<br />
Coral. 1. Igitur, cum arcus illi fine ut velocitates corporum? vi-<br />
-res centripetzz i‘unt ut velocitatum quadrata applicata ad’ radios<br />
circulorum : hoc efi, ut cum Geometris loquar, v&s funt’ ~JX raw<br />
tione compofita ex dupliqta ration&G&xitatum dire&e .& rziti@+<br />
g fimplici radiorum inverk<br />
cm?&!<br />
,b
PRINCj,]PrA M:A"T'~E'M&T-~~&' 39<br />
'-<br />
C~roZ,‘2.. Et, cum tempera .periodica fint in r@ioae co,mpofita ex ; quem corpus itY*circulo data vi centripeta umformitkrrevo)ven-<br />
..do tOmpore quovis defcribit j medius c@ propwtionalis inter diametrum<br />
circuli,& defcenhm corporis egdena data vi eodemque tem-<br />
.pore cadcaldo ,confcLCkug.<br />
SdiOliUW..<br />
.@afi~s Corollarii Gx ti obtiget in corporibw c.r;elcfl-ibus, (ut .&eo.rd<br />
‘hn colkgerunt ctiam nohates Wrennus, ~~o~~,~~~s Sr I&ZZ~rzs) &<br />
propterea qu,x: ij?e&ant ad vim centrlpcram decrefcentem in dupli-<br />
,ci$a ratiane diRa;tatiarwm a centris, decrevi fufius in kquentibus<br />
Br: xp OIlereo<br />
POX-K.8
4-Q<br />
’ Porro prEcedentis prop& tionis & ~or01la~iOrUn~ e.b!S beIlckio,<br />
DE MoTu<br />
CSORPCIRUM cofligitur etiam proportio vis centripetz ad vim qutmllbet notam,<br />
quaiis efi..ca Grsvitatis. Nam ii corpus in circub .cerrz CO~ICCIZ~<br />
trico Vi gravitatis fu32 revolvatw ham gravitas efi ipfirls vis celttripeta,<br />
Datur autem, ex dekenfu gravium? & temptis reJ’d1utionis<br />
unillS, & arctls data quovis tempore dekrlptus, per hL]Jus COLON,<br />
J[x, Ethuju[modi propofitionibus i%@%itis, in e%imb fro T&%&a.,<br />
tu de .Ebdogio O~ci~htorio , vim gravitatis cuM WIolVelltium vj,<br />
ribus ten trifugis contujiq.<br />
I>emonitrari etiam poiTunt prEcedentia. in IYI.II~C n~odnm, In cir..<br />
..gu~o quovis dekritsi intelligatur Polygonurn lareru!n quotctinque,<br />
Et ii corpus, in polygoni lateribus data cum v$ocltate movendo,<br />
,ad ejus angulos fi@ulos a circulo refle&atur 5 VlS q)Ia fingulis red<br />
flexionibus impingit in circuIum erit ut cjus veIocltas: adeoquc<br />
filmma virium in dato tempore crit ut velocitns illa & numerus re*<br />
A exionum conjun&im : hoc eR(fi polygonum dctw fjecic) ut longi..<br />
tudo dato illo tempore defcripta & longitudo cadem applicata ad<br />
Radium circuli; id et!, UT quadraturn longitudiais illius appl]icatum<br />
ad Radium : adeoque,; Ii polygonurn lateribus infinite diminutis ~0.<br />
.incidat cum circulo, LIP quadratum arcus. dato tempore dcfcripti ap.,<br />
plicatum ad radium. HXC eit vis centrlfuga, ELI" corpus urget &L<br />
culum: & huic zqualis efi vis contraria, qua circulus continLlo rel<br />
-gellit corpus centrum verfus,<br />
-PROPOSITIQ, V. P’I&3LEMA 1.<br />
Figuram defcriptam tangant rcQsr: tres P 29 T@< .Vlt;2 in<br />
-pun& toridem T, & R, concurrentes in T & ,I;): A.d tangellres<br />
erjgantur perpendlcula ..T A, L&..,. R C, ~velo&atibus corparis in<br />
pun&is,illis T, &I? a quibus eriguntur reciprocc proportionaliat<br />
id efi, rta ut fit T A ad RB ut velocitas in $$ad velocitatcm in<br />
13, & $B ad AC ut velocitas. in R ad velocltatcm in J& Per<br />
:perpendiculoruti<br />
: ‘D ~3 EL EC concurrentes in 2, 8r E:<br />
:xem imentro qua&o S,<br />
terminos A,B, C ad angulos reQos ducP;L1tur AZ,<br />
El: ~&LIZ 2’59, *Ffl ,co.t~~~~
Nam perpendicula a centro S<br />
in tangentes z)T, ,$Q?demiffa (per<br />
Gorol. I. Prop.1.) tint reciproce,<br />
ut velocitates corporis in pun&is<br />
T & Yj adeoque per confiru&ionem<br />
ut perpendicula AT, B $&diae&e,id<br />
efi ut perpendicula apun-<br />
&o I> in tangentesdemiffa. Unde<br />
facile colligitur quod pun&a<br />
S,D,;X, hunt in una re&a. Et Gmili<br />
,Argumento pun&a<br />
- -<br />
S, E, Yfint etiam<br />
m una re&ta ; ti propterea centrum Sin concurh re&arum Tz),Y2?<br />
verfatur. $2&E. D.<br />
PROPOSITIO VI. THEOREMA V.<br />
52 corpus inSpatio non reJiJtente &cd centKwn immobile h Orbe quocun -<br />
que re~ohatur,&arcum quemvisjamjdm nufientem tenzpore qudm<br />
~~inimo defcribut,&J&jtta a’ycus dtici intelligatur qud chordam bi-<br />
ficet,&p r0 d u 8 U t rdn f ea tp er centrum Ghrn: erit zlis ceutripeta<br />
in medio arcm, ut jhgittd direlie & tempus his inver[e.<br />
Nam fagitta dato tempore efi ut vis (per Corol.4 Prop.1,) & augendo<br />
tempus in ratione quavis, ob au&urn arcum in eadem ratione fk<br />
. gittaaugetur in ratione illa duplicata (per Corol. z & 3, Lem. XI,) adeoque<br />
efi ut visfemel Sr tempus bis.Subducatur duplicata ratio temporis<br />
utrinque, & fret vis IX fagitta dire&e & tempus bis invert& ,$&a. I).<br />
Jdem facile demonfiratur etiam per Corol.4 Lem. x.<br />
Coral. I .Si corpusP(revolvendo<br />
circa centrum S dekribat lineam<br />
curvam AT& tangat verb re&a<br />
,ZT R curvam illam in pun80<br />
quovis P, &ad tangentem ab alio<br />
quovis Curve: puncto agatur<br />
&I? difiantiz ST paral 5 ela, ac<br />
demittatur 2T perpendicularis<br />
ad difiantiam illam SP : vis ten- V/’<br />
.rripeta erit reciproce ut folidum<br />
I ST pd. x ~Tgzrad.<br />
ii modo folidi illius ea kmper fumatur quaa*<br />
&as, qua: 5i u timi, fit ubi coeunt pun&a T & &<br />
G<br />
Nam ,&R aqualis<br />
efi
2~ denique per pun&urn g agatur L A quz ipfi ST parallela 1, I lx 2 A<br />
fit & occurrat turn circulo in L turn tangenti P 2 in 17. Et Pi’r MU ‘I<br />
~b fimilia triangula %%I?, Zz”T, VT A; erit R T qzcad. hoc<br />
& &. 2; ad XT quad. ut A’V qziad. ad T V qtiad. Ideoque<br />
23 L ’ TmYqZlad* azquatur &Tqtidd<br />
A Y quad.<br />
S F pad.<br />
. DWantur hxx xqualia in<br />
a<br />
22, pun&is I, & xcoeuntibus, kribatur T Y pro .R L.<br />
&R<br />
ic fiet ST qsdd. x FVcub. zrcruale S P quad. x grqwd. Ergo (pea<br />
A V quad.<br />
--zir-- -<br />
STqxTVc&<br />
gloro1.I 82 9 Prop.-vI.)vis centripeta efi reciproce ut - - - -<br />
AV yiwd<br />
id eit, (ob da,tum AYqzzad.) reciproce ut quadratum difiantiz ku<br />
altitudinis ST & cubus chord% T Y conjun&iu~. $22. I.<br />
Jdem aliter.<br />
Ad tangenteni TR ,produ&am demittatur perpendiculum SE<br />
(St ob fimilia triangula STP, VT A; erit AV ad :P V ut ST ad<br />
STXPV<br />
ST quad. x T Vmb. xquale<br />
PIT r, ideoque A y aqualc ST, & --- -<br />
A Vmzd.<br />
$rqgad. x T V. Et propterea (per Corol.3 & 5 PrLp.vr.) vis centripeta<br />
eft reciproce ut ST.qxTVctib. hoc efi, ob data.m AV, reci-<br />
AVU<br />
proce ut SPq XT Vcub. a4E. I.<br />
Coral. I. Hint ii pun&urn datum S ad quad vis centripeta fimper<br />
tcndit, locetur in circumferentia hujus ciqculi, puta ad V; erit<br />
vis centripeta reciproce ut quadratoxubus altituditlis ST,<br />
Coral. 2. Vis qua corpus T in cira.110<br />
AT r Y circum virium ten trum<br />
S revolvitur, efi ad vim qua car us<br />
idem “P in ,eodem circulo & eo’ cf em<br />
tempare periodico circum aliud quod-<br />
%is virium centrum R revolvi pore@,<br />
UC RT quad. xST ad cu bum r@33e SG<br />
~LKC a primo virium centro S ad orhis<br />
tangentem T G ducitur, & ditanti;x:<br />
corporis a kcundo virium centro<br />
parallela ek IYarn> per confiruQionem hujus Pyopofitionis, vis<br />
prior efi ad vim pofieriorem, ut R T q x T Tcz&, ad S T 4 >(: T Ycuba<br />
. . Gz id.
Il.4 MoTU id e&,<br />
CORF'ORUM<br />
triangula<br />
& PWILOSOPI-II~ NA RAEIS<br />
ST cub. XT Ycub.<br />
ut SPxRPqad<br />
T i” cub. five ( ob fimilia<br />
T SC, TT V). ad SGc&*<br />
coral. 3. Vis, qua corpus T in Orbe quocunque circum virium<br />
centrum S revolvitur , efi ad vim qua corpus idem T in eo&m<br />
orbe eodemque tempore periodic0 circum aliud quodvis virium<br />
centrum R revolvi potefi, u~ST x R T q contenturn bque hb dieantia<br />
corporis a primo virium centro 3’ & quadrato difiantiz ejug<br />
a fecund0 virium cenero R ad cubum reQ= SG HUE a primo vi+<br />
rium centro S ad orbis tangentem TG ducitur, Sr: corporis a fecundo<br />
virium centro diftantia XT parallela eR. Nam vires in<br />
hoc Orbe, ad ejus pun&um quodvis T, eadem fimt ac in Circulo<br />
cjufdem curvaturaz.<br />
Hmeatur<br />
r’~oPOS1T10. VIII. PROBLEMA. III.<br />
COYPUS in ~ircuio P QA : ad’hunc effe ffum requiritur Lex<br />
V~.C centripets tendentis dd pun@uvn udeo longinquum S, tit’lineca<br />
wnne-s p S, R s dd idduh, plropawllelis hber~poflv~t.<br />
A Circuli ccntro C a.gatur femidiameter CA parallelas #as<br />
erpendiculariter ficans in M 8~<br />
hoc efi(negle&a ratione determinata<br />
CT qtiad.<br />
,I reciproce ut fp M cub. & E. .L<br />
Jdem facile colllgitur etiam ex Propofitiolle prxcedente,<br />
sc’kroy
~n,Ir;rcx~rA<br />
MATk-HiMATICA;.
46<br />
-p~I[E,ssOPWl& NA IJRALIE;<br />
DIB MaTw pnOpOslTl0 X. PROBLEMA. V.<br />
C=ORPOXUU<br />
Gyypfly”~’ corptrs in EE@: rcpiritur bx cuis centripetce Eendegtis ~LJ<br />
~efmm EUipJe0.r.<br />
sunto c A, ~13 femiaxes Elli fees; G F’, D K diametri conjugar3:<br />
j fp F, * perpenchh a B diametros j ~Z.I ordinatim appticata<br />
ad diametrum<br />
4; cpj & fic0myIeatur<br />
parallelogrammu~~<br />
*PR,eric (exConi-<br />
~i+%~G~d&yad.<br />
LX PC quad. ad CD<br />
p&d. & (ob fisnilia<br />
triangula et, 5PC.Q<br />
@ pad. efi ad 5&f<br />
p&ad. ut T C pad. ad<br />
CT F quad. & con jun-<br />
&is rationibua T’Q G<br />
ad $Q quad. ut TC<br />
pad. ad CD qz&<br />
& TCpad. ad TF<br />
gzt/zd. id ei), v G ad<br />
w<br />
utT Cpd.<br />
,a d cD$ $ ~Fq • Scrdxg. pro? a,& (per Lemma xn,) BC~C~<br />
pro CT) x T -6 net none puo&is T 8~. &coeuntibus, 2 PC pro<br />
T.I G 8~ ch%s extremis & mediis in k ,mutuo, fret ~quad.xTc~<br />
zquale<br />
2 BCqxCAq<br />
clue<br />
e Efi ergo (per Corol~ 5 Prop. ~1.3 vi6
PR”INCIP’IA MATHEh1A:TrC’A. 4i’4’?<br />
dz arcus “Pg erit zquale re&angulo Y? z, ; adeoque Circulus qui L I BE I<br />
tangit SeQionem Conicam in 5? 2% tranfit per :punQum &tranfibit p R1h*U1*,<br />
etiam per pun&urn K qoeant pun&a T & & & hit circulus<br />
ejurdem erit*cukv;iti.zwcufn k&itini: co&a .~TI 2’, & “P Tzqualis erit<br />
‘s. Proinde vis q ua corpus T .in Ellipfi rev,olvitur, erit reci-<br />
PC<br />
2DCq.<br />
proce tit “p C HI T Fq, ( peg Coral. 3 Prop, V.I.) hoc ef? (,ob<br />
datum z I> Cq in T”F$) dire&e ut 5?C. SE. I.<br />
Cur~l. I, Efi igitur vis ut diitantia corporis a centro Ellipkos : &<br />
vicifim, ii vis fit ut difiantia, movebitur corpus in Ellipfi ten trum<br />
kabehte in centro virium, aut forte in Circulo, in quem utique<br />
IEllipfis migrare potek<br />
Coral. z. Et aqualia erunt revolutionurn in ElIipG,bus:univeriis G-<br />
cum centrum idem fa&arum periodica tempora. Nam tempora<br />
illa in Ellipfibus Gmilibus zequalia funt per Corol..3 SC 8, Prop,~v:<br />
in Ellipfibus autem communem habentibus axem .majorem, .fimt ad<br />
inyicem ut Ellipfeon are= cow dire&e & arearum partick fimul<br />
defcriptaz inverfk ; id eR, ut axes minores diretie& .corporum velocitates<br />
in verticibus principalibus inverfe ; hoc e&, ,ut axes illi minores<br />
dire&e & ordinatim applicatx ad axes alteros inveri’e j.kpropterea<br />
(ob zqualiratem rationum diretiarum SE Inver&wm)- in IXtione<br />
zqualitatis.<br />
SCLdi~4?n,<br />
S,i Ellipfis, centro in infinitum abeunte vertawr’ i-n Pkabolam;<br />
corpus movebitur in hat Parabola 5 & vis ad centrum &finite dii<br />
itans jam tendens evadct zquabilis. Hoc efi ,Theorema Ga.Zik&. .<br />
Et fi coni kQio Parabolica, inclinatione plani ad conum fe&um<br />
rnutata, vertatur in Hyperbolam, mQvebicur ccsrp~s in thujus pe-<br />
Minett’o , vi- cefittriptita .‘in r&trifugam, W%I. /. ,$t i$uetnadmobdum<br />
in Circulo vel, ,Ellipfi , fi vires .;re1!dun t, ad, ~cenrruti Gguts:<br />
in A bfciffa pofitum, hae Tires kigendo vel di~inuel~do,Or,dinatas in<br />
Ptitiotie quacunque data, vel etiam .mutando~.zm.gulum ilicliGtionis-<br />
,O.rditiatarum ad ‘AbfciKam, Ikmper ;augentur ,v‘~l .diminuuntur “in<br />
ratio’rie,diltaatiaru~ a.-cen’tro, ii .modo .tkmpara ;periodica matieant<br />
+zjualia:, ketiam in .figuris tllWzrfis, ii ‘Ordinxta augeantur vel di-<br />
‘fiihtiabtur in ratkne~q~wXnque data, Wl‘.a~ngulUs ordinaticmis Ut-<br />
~ztinqoe ‘mutctilr, tiatitin,te :tempor.e periodic0 j vires : ad : oen trum<br />
quo&unque:in .AbTciffa .poG.tt.irn teaden tes dtigen tur vel diminosw<br />
.$.IJ~ $1 :ratiojxC difiafiti~ar-wlll a, centko.<br />
SECTf‘IO~
?De mtu Corporum if2 Conicis Se~ionibm<br />
excentrich.<br />
PROPOSITIO XI. E’ROBLEMA VI.<br />
~~~&.~utu~r corpm in El&p-$ : requiri~ur Lex vis centrajet(t! teB&.-<br />
tis ud ~mbiiicum E&feos.<br />
Efio Ellipieos umbilicus S. Agatur S T kcans Ellipi”eos<br />
turn diametrum 59 K in E, turn ordinatim applicatam %y~ ifi.<br />
g3 & compleatur parallelogrammum $&* P .@. Patet ET aqualem<br />
effe femiaxi majori<br />
AC, eo quad<br />
a6Ia ab alter0 lElli a<br />
fees umbilico H P i-<br />
nea Hf ipfi EC paraliela,<br />
ob azquales<br />
CS, C k!i ) azquentur<br />
ES, El, adeo ut ET<br />
Cemifumma fit i fkrumTS,<br />
T&i f efi<br />
.(ob parallelas HI,<br />
TR & angulos xquales<br />
ITR, HTZ)<br />
iyfirutn T 5’9 T H’<br />
quslz &jun&irn axem<br />
totum 2 AC adaquant,<br />
Ad ST dcmittatur<br />
perpendicularis @.r, & Ellipfeos here re&o principali<br />
‘(fix w)di@o L’ , erit C x &R ad L x T ti ut %I? ad<br />
Tv) id kfl ut TE feu ACad PC; &L XTV ad GvT’utLad<br />
Gv;&GvTad~q~~d.~tTCqtiad.~I CD tiddj &(XCCCXQ~<br />
! 2 Lem. vn,) L@I quad. ad gx quad, pun&is 4 & T coeugtibys,,<br />
efi ratio aqualitatis ; & ,$x qtiLzd. GA.I Rz) quad etl~ ad T quad,<br />
ut E ‘P qtiad. ;Id T Fqi&j id efi ut C Aquat$. ad T F qtrad. % WCS (per<br />
kern... IX.) ut CD quad. ad CB quad. Et conjun&is his omnibus rationibus,L<br />
x 3 R fit ad uquad. ut AC,X .L x P Cq, x CD q, feu z C&g.<br />
xTCq.xC % q. ad TC%GvXCDq‘X$‘Bq. fiveut zTC,+dG.w+<br />
SiXI,
&J,pun&.isL$& T coeuntibus,zeq@tur 2 13 C & G V. Ergo EC his pro- L I tip. I(<br />
portionalia L x XR k &TqtiUd. zquantur. Ducantur hc aqualia in ““’” “’<br />
STq. x&Zt’“q<br />
S’P&fietL%YTq.zguale-<br />
Ergo (per Coral. r<br />
T’<br />
2s<br />
& f Prop. v T.) vis centripeca reciproce efi ut L x SPq. id eit, rcciproce<br />
in ratione duplicata dihntix SP. ,$&&Y,I.<br />
Idem alder.<br />
um vis ad centrum Ellipkos tendens, qua corpus T in Ellipfi<br />
&, revolvi poteit, fit (per Coral. I Prop.x) ut C T difiantia corgoris<br />
ab Ellipkos cencro Cj ducatur CE parallela Elliphs tangenti<br />
T R: & vis qua corpus idem T, circum aliud quodvis Ellipgeos<br />
ptinCtum S revolvi potefi, fi CE &T S concurrant in E, erit ut<br />
PsEGz’* (per Coral, 3 Prop. VII,) hoc efi, G pun&urn S fit umbili-<br />
cus Ellipfeos, adeoque 5? E detur, ut ST q reciproce. ,&E. I.<br />
Eadem brevitate qua traduximus Problema quintum ad Parabolam,<br />
& Hypcrbolam, liceret idem hit facere: verum ob dignita-<br />
,tern Problematis &z uhm ejus in kquentibus, non pigeblt cabs ce-<br />
Pcros demonfiratione confirmare.<br />
PROPOSI”I:IO XII. PROBLEMA. VII.<br />
owamr corpus in Hyperho?a : requiritur Lex vif cenkpet~<br />
.dm,tis ad umbilicnnzfigw~.<br />
tenk<br />
~unto CA, CE fern&axes Hyperbok; T G, .KD diametri conjugatx<br />
5 ‘T F, gt pcrpendicul;l ad diametros; & RW ordinatim<br />
applicata ad diametrum G T. Agatur ST kcans cum diametrum,<br />
9 K in E, turn ordinatim applicatam XV in x, 8.z compleatur pajralIeIogrammum<br />
RR ‘2’X. Patet E T azqulzlem eO% fimiaxi tranfvcrfo<br />
AC, eo quad, a&a ab alter0 Hyperbolz umbilico N linea<br />
.k! 1 ipfi E C parallela, ob aquales CS, CB, zcquentur ES, E 1;<br />
a&o ut E T femidiferentia fit iphrum ‘T S, T I, id efi ( ob parallelas<br />
II!& T R & angulos xquales IT R, HT 2) ipfarum “33 S3<br />
P H, quarum differencia axem totum z AC adzquat. Ad ST de-<br />
-mittatur perpendicularis 2T’. Et Hyperbolz lacere reQo princi-<br />
pali (feu zBCq AC > di&o.LeritLXRRadLxTuut&RadTIv,<br />
IdcAl, ut!&lZ f&MC ad TC; Et.LxTvadGv T ut2h.i<br />
H<br />
GW;
I<br />
/I ‘K ‘.<br />
f Prop. vI, > vis centripeta reciproce efi ut L x Sfpf:, id cf&<br />
n~&mxe in ratiwe dupkata diftantiae SEP~ “_ & 23. %<br />
lii6e
RINCIPIA ~JATHEMAT:J.CA. jar<br />
Idem nliter.<br />
hveniatur vis qua tendit ab Hyperboh centro C, Prodibit [I,rc<br />
d~fianti32 C T proportionalis. hde vero (per C0r01, 3 Ekp ~11 -:I<br />
T E cm5<br />
vis ad umbilicum S tendens erit ut<br />
ST q P hc d-i, ob dtltnm FL’><br />
reciproce ut ST q. L&E. 1.<br />
Eodem modo demonhatur q”od corpus) hat vi ccrltrjpera ill<br />
centrifugam verCa, movebitur in Hyperbola conjugata,<br />
L E M M A<br />
XIII.<br />
LWS re&m Pavabob ad cuerticem quernvis perhem, eJ qlu”‘!uplum<br />
.&jbmthe verticis illius ab umbilico figzirfi. Pate t ex Conicis.<br />
L E M M A<br />
XIV.<br />
&rpen&&m quad ab umbtlico ParaboL ad tmgentew e& demittEtur,<br />
med;im ej! proportiowle &er d$antk 14ddici u p~aitfo cow<br />
$afi!m & a ~erticeprinc~alifigur~.<br />
dicularis ab umbilico in tangentem. Jungatur AN, SE ob zq,uaEes<br />
&?S & S T, MN & NT3 MA & AO, parallela: erunc re&x<br />
kp Al & 0 T, & inde triangulum SAN re&angulum crit ad A Sr:<br />
firnile triangulis zqqualibus SA?M, SNT: Ergo T S efi ad SN,<br />
at SN ad SA. &E. 97.<br />
Cord. I. TSq. efi ad SNg. ut T S ad S-4.<br />
Gk~ok. 2, Et ob datam SA,;fi2SNq. ut P S.<br />
CoroL
Coral. ^D* Et comuriils tangentis cujufvis “PM cwn re&a $N9<br />
~~~f~~~pI qus ab ukbilico in iphm perpendicularis cii-, incidit in re&am AN,.<br />
quz Parabolam tan, flit in vertice principali.<br />
/<br />
1<br />
I<br />
b<br />
peta tendenh<br />
ad mm%icum bu&sjgmw:<br />
Maneat conifruCtio Lemmatis, fitque T corpus in perimctro Parabola,<br />
St a loco xin quem corpus proxime movetuT age ipfi SC??<br />
parallelam $,?? Sr perpendicularem RT, necnon RG tangenti parallelam<br />
& occurrentem turn diametro 2T” G in ZIP turn dihrhz<br />
ST in x. Jam ob fimi ia triangula T x zlj ST M’ St xqualia unius<br />
Iatera S M, ST, aqua \ ia fint alterius latera P x 6% %R SC Cp cu.<br />
Sed, ex Conicis, quadratum ordinate: &w aquale eit: ~c&anguIo fuub<br />
here ret5to & @mento diametri Pu,id efi( per Lem. X111.) re&angw<br />
PO 4 P SX P W, iku 4 T J’ x 2R j Sr pun&is P & &coeuntibus, ratio<br />
,$QY ad a per (per Corsl~. z Lem.vw.) fit ratio azqualitatis, Ergo&pquad~eo<br />
in cafu,3zquaEe JI F/g c:<br />
.*<br />
eR reEt-angu-<br />
**<br />
lo 4;TSx L@?o<br />
Efi autem (ob<br />
fimilia trian-<br />
1<br />
Coral. I. Lem. XI?.) ut s$ id<br />
ad 4SA+~.R, & lnde (per Prop. IX* Lib, v. Elem.) &Tq. 81:<br />
.+ SA X &R azquant,ur.. Ducantur 1733232quaXia in<br />
STq.<br />
-- -$ & fret:<br />
RR<br />
sfi+. x grq.<br />
--A =quale ST q. x 4 Sk k prspterea (per COI*OI. 5 e f<br />
--%B<br />
P~o~~vL) vis centripeta elheciproce u t SF 4. x 4 S A, id e& ~b &..<br />
tam .+SA, reciproceju duplicata ratiane difiantix J’ up. a~., 1,
~nrNCII’I’A AdATHEMAT’IcA. j3<br />
C’nroL 1, Ex tribus novithis Propofitionibus conkquens efk, quod L, BIin<br />
fi corpus quodvis T, fecundurn lineam quamvis reaam “Y k, qua- PRI M us.<br />
cunque cum velocitate exeat de loco T, & vi centripeta qu”e fit reciprocc<br />
proportionalis quadrato difkantiz locorum a centro, fimul<br />
agitetur j movebitur hoc corpus in aliqua h%onum Conicarum<br />
umbilicum habente in centro virium j & contra. Nam datis umbilice<br />
8: pun&o contn&.~s & pofitione tangentis, defcribi poteit fe&io<br />
Conica quz curvaturam datam ad punQum illud habebit. Datur<br />
autem curvatura ex data vi centripeta : & Orbes duo i‘e mutuo tangentes,<br />
eadem vi centripeta dci’cribi non poffunt.<br />
Cored. 2. Si velocitas, quacum corpus exit de Joco ho T, eta<br />
fit, qua lineofa T R in minima aliqua cemporis particula defcribi<br />
pofit, & vis centripeta potis fit eodem rempore corpus idem mo-<br />
-vere per fjatium $R : movebitur hoc corpus in Conica aliqua fe-<br />
Lkione, cujus laws r&urn principale efi quantitds illa - 2% qux<br />
J2!<br />
ultimo fit ubi lineok T R, ZR in infinitum diminuuntur, Circulum<br />
in his Corollariis refer0 ad Ellipfins & caa’um excipio ubi cmpus<br />
re&a defiendit ad cencrum.<br />
S.i corpora plhwa revokvanttir. circa centrzm commme, & zlis centripeta<br />
f;t reciproce In, duplicstu vatione di/?antice locorw a centm;<br />
dim quad ~rbimn Latera recta principaliaJmt in dtiplicata ratioone<br />
areuruna guns cwpora,radiis ad centrmn ductis,eodem tewpore<br />
deJcribmt.<br />
Nam, per Coral, 2, Prop. x31x 1, Latus rc&um E’rrquak eft qua”-<br />
titati<br />
2n*<br />
- qw ultimo fit ubi coeunt pun&a P & 8 Sed !inea<br />
&y<br />
minima &A’, dato ternpore efi ut vis centripcta gcmmnsJ hoc<br />
efi (per Wypothclin) reciproce ut SP4. Ergo gT q* efi ut<br />
-gx-<br />
2 7q! x is,.P 4, I IOC efi, latus rehm .L in duplicata ratione areas<br />
&piST. $$.JL 9.2.
‘pHIjxwizN?WIx NA’FURALIS<br />
54<br />
b 11OTU (;~rol. Hint Ellipfeos area tota , eique proportionale re&a~~guc<br />
.Z~N~U:,~ Jum i*ub axibus, clt in ratione ,compofita ex iixbduplicara rarionc<br />
laccris rcai k rarione temporis periodici. Namque area tota Ed<br />
ut arca :zTx SP duQa in tempus periodicurn.<br />
PROPOSITIO XV. THEOREMA WI.<br />
Namque axis minor eR medius proportionalis inter axem majorem<br />
k latus r&km, atque adco re&angulum fhb axibus eft in rationc<br />
compofita ex i’ubduplicata rationc lateris re&i 8t fifquiplicata .<br />
ratione axis majoris. Sed hoc re&anguJum, per Corollarium Prop,<br />
XI V, cfi in ratione compofita ex fubduplicata rationc Iateris retii<br />
& rarione periodici temporis. Dematur utrobique fiibduplicata<br />
ratio lateris ret%, ‘& manebit Mquiplicata ratio majoris axis squalis<br />
rationi periodici temporis. SE. I).<br />
Curd Sum igitur tempora periodica in Ellipfibus eadem ac in<br />
Circulis, quorum diametri zquantur majoribus axibus Ellipfeon.<br />
PROPOSlhTI.0 XVI. THEOREMA WIT.<br />
$fdm2pojtis, & ~l’fis ad corpora lineis reEis,qm ibidem tunpnt UC<br />
bitm, dexziJ$que all umbilico communi ad has tangantes perpendimiuribus<br />
: dice quad Velocitates corporuwzlunt ipz rations cornpoj-<br />
ta ex ratiople perpendiculorm inruerJe &Jubduplicatu ratime laterm<br />
refformzprincipali~m dire8e.<br />
Ab umbilico S ad tangentem T R demitte perpendiculum ST<br />
& velocitas corporis P erit reciproce in hbduplicata ratione quan-<br />
titatis q. Nam velocitas ilIa eR ut arcus quam minimus Tg<br />
in data temporis particula defiriptus, hoc efi ( per Lena. VII. ut<br />
rangensPR, id eit ( ob proportionales TPX ad Kr8-z J’T ad SJ r’ ) ut<br />
SYXOT<br />
-,I’T’., five ut ST reciproce & ST x u dire&e > efique<br />
,. --<br />
STXRT
PRINCIPIA~nlAT’~E~~ATIrCca.<br />
Tri<br />
6’ 5” X2-T’ LX area dato ternpore defcripta, id efE, per Prop. XIY.<br />
in hbduplicata ratione lateris re&i, SE. D.<br />
~;:JJ;;~ *<br />
coroz. 14 atera re&a principalia funt in ratione compofita e13<br />
duplicata ratione perpendiculorum & duplicata ratione velocitaturn,<br />
.C~rol. 2. VeIocitates corporum in maximis Ss minimis ah wmbilice<br />
communi diifantiis, funt in ratione compofita ex ratione di--<br />
fiantiarum inverfe 6-z fubduplicata ratione latcrum reeorum principalium<br />
diretie. Nam perpendicula jam funt ipk diitantiz.<br />
Cord. 3. Ideoque velocitas in Conica fe&ione, in maxima ve]<br />
minima ab umbilico diftantia, efi ad velocitatem in Circulo in eadem<br />
?I centro difiantia, in fubduplicata ratione lateris re&i principalis<br />
ad duplam illam difiantiam..<br />
Cod 4. Corporum in Ellipfibus gyrantium velocitates in mediocribus<br />
difiantiis ab umbilico communi knt eredr:m qux c.orporum<br />
gyrantium in Circulis ad eafdem difiantias; hoc efi (per. Coral 6.<br />
Prop. xv,) reciproce in fubdupkata rat.ione difiantiarum. Nam<br />
perpendicula jam funt kmi-axes ,mino,res; & hi fint ut medix<br />
proportlonales inter diftantias .& latera r&a. Componatur hqc<br />
ratio inverfe cum filbduplicata ratione laterum re&orum dire&e, &<br />
f&x ratio I‘ubduplicata diitantiauum inverk.<br />
Corok, 5. In eadem figura, vel etiam in figuris divq4s,<br />
quaru~m<br />
latera
no M olu latera re&a prilwipalia 6nt zqLlali& velocitas cor!$xis efi reciprocd<br />
Conronu~ ut pcrpendiculum demiffum ab umbilico ad tangentcm.<br />
CO&. 6. In Parabola, velocitas eit reciproce in fi7bduplicata ran<br />
tionc difiantix corporis ab umbilico figure j in Ellipfi magis variactlr,<br />
in Hyperbola mirw, quam in hat rationc, Nam (per Cortll,<br />
2. Lem. XIV.) perpendiculum demifilm ab umbilico ad tangentem<br />
Parabolz efi in fiibduplicata ratione diitantia. In Hyperbola pcrpendiculum<br />
minus variatur, in Ellipfi magis.<br />
CWOL 7. .In Parabola, velocitas corporis ad quamvis ab umbilico<br />
dikmtiarn, eik ad velocitatem corporis revolventis in Circulo<br />
ad earlden a centro difiantiam, in fubduplicata rationc nwneri binarii<br />
ad unitatem ; in Ellipfi minor efi, in Hyperbola major quam<br />
in hat ratione, Nam per lmjus Corollarium iecundum, v&&s<br />
in vertice Parabolas efi in hat ratione, Sr per Gorollaria fexta hujus<br />
& Propofitionis quartx, fervatur eadem proportio in omnibus<br />
difiantiis, Hint etiam in Parabola velocitas ubique aqualis efi velocitati<br />
corporis revolventis in Circulo ad dimidiam difiantiam, in<br />
Ellipfi minor e& in Hyperbola major.<br />
Gbrol. 8. Velocitas gyrantis in SeEtione quavis Conica efi ad ve-<br />
Bocitatem gyrantis in Circulo in difiantia dimidii late& re&i principalis<br />
Sehionis , ut difiantia illa ad perpendiculum ab umbilico jn<br />
tangentem Se&ionis demifftlm. Parer per Corollarium quinturn,<br />
Cord. 8. Un’dc cum (perCoro1. 6, Prop. IV.) vclocitas gyrantii<br />
in hoc Circulo fit ad veIocitatem gyrantis in Circulo q”ovis aljo,<br />
reciproce in fibduplicata ratione difiantiarum j fiet e:x *quo vclo-<br />
&as gyrantis in Conica k&ione ad velocitatem gyralltis in Circulo<br />
in eadem difiantia 5 ut media proportionalis inter dj~xntiam illamcommunem<br />
Sr fcmin”em principalis lateris red,i, fe&ionis, ad per-e<br />
yendiculum a b um bilico c, ammuni in tangentem G&ionis de-<br />
*mifliuxt.<br />
PROPosIT xv-u. ~R~BIJGMA. IX. _’<br />
.J%@o quad wis centripetuj’t rec~rocepro~ortionalis quadwto d@?m<br />
&v&e locorum u centro, &J pod vis il&s quan&u &!~Jolti~ ~3<br />
cog&d; requiritur Linea quam corps deJcribit, de loco ddta,cum,<br />
~HLJ wlocitdte,/kctinduw ciatm refha egrcdiens.<br />
Vis ccntripeta tcndens ad pun&urn S ea fit qua corpus p in or-<br />
Kra quavis datapg gyrerur, & cognofkatur hujus velocitas in loco p.<br />
De
mWWX?IA MATHEMA’~IcA. 57 ’<br />
e loco T, ficundum lineam T A, exeat corpus T, CUII~ d;;ta vclo- I. 1 If e lr.<br />
tate, ik mox inde, cogente vi centripeta, defleL$at illud in Coni- l’J~l~IusP<br />
fi&ionem T J& Hanc igitur reQa 23 R tangct in ,<br />
jacebit 23 H ad eandem partem rangentis T R cum linea TS,<br />
adeoque figura erit Ellipfis, & ex datis umbilicis S, H, SC axe<br />
principali ST + T .I??, dabi cur : Sin tanta fit corporis velocitas ut<br />
larus r&urn L zquale fuerit z ST + 2 I( P, longitude T H in&-<br />
nlita erit, & propterea figura erit Parabola axem habens SE? parallelum<br />
linear ‘F’.K, & inde dabitur. Qod G corpus majori adhuc<br />
cum velocitate de loco Go P exeat, capiend.a erit longitude “T I+,.,<br />
ad alteram partern tangentis, adeoque tangente inter umbilicos pergente,<br />
figura erit Hyperbola axem habcns principalem xqualem differentix<br />
linearum S”1, & T H, & inde dabitur. $ E. I;<br />
~Corol. I. Hiflc in omni Con&e&one ex dato verticeprincipali 53,<br />
latere reQo L, & umbilico S, datur umbilicus alter Hcapiendo<br />
I) BP<br />
ad I> S ut efi latus reQhm ad difFercntiam inter latus reCtur.n &-<br />
42)S. Namproportio SP+THad ,THut ,zST+zKT ad&<br />
+
s 5’<br />
P~I[EoSoPHe~ ‘NATURALIS<br />
DE hgnvrv in cdii hujus Corolhrii, fit9 S 4-D H ad 2> xk ut .+D S ad I;, &<br />
&;QflPORVhl divifim z)S ad 'DH UC &TIS-L ad L.<br />
COTU~. 2. Unde f’i dacwr corporis veiocitas in verticc principali f;D,<br />
invenietur Urbita expedite , cap&do fcilicet has re&um ejus, ad<br />
duplam difhh~ CD S, in duplicata ratione velocitatis hjus data2<br />
ad velocitatem corporis in Circulo, ad difiantiam 9 S, gyrantis? (per<br />
Coral. 3, Prop. XV-I.) &in I) Had 57 S UC I+s &bn ad difikren~<br />
tiam ink laws w&urn fk L$D S.<br />
Curd 3, Hint etiam fi corpus moveatur in SeQione quacLr.nqW<br />
Couica, 8: ex Orbe fuo impulfil quocunque exturbetwr; cagnofci<br />
pot& Orbis in quo pofka curfum chum peragec. Nam componex+<br />
do proprium corporis motum cum motu ill0 quem impulftls f0h.M<br />
generaret, habebitur motus quoctnm corpus de data impdftis loco,.<br />
kcundum retiam pofitione &tam, exibk<br />
COW!, 4, Et fi corpus ilhd vi aliqua extrinfecus impreffa canti*<br />
IWO perturbetul e3 innotefcel: curfus quam pro;xime, &ligendo mw<br />
xatiolles quas vis illa in pun&is quibufdam inducir, & e:x $‘krki an,ae<br />
logia rnutrttiones continuas in locis. insertnedik zfiimando,<br />
S; corpus 9’ vi centripe.ta ad<br />
pun&u& quodcunque datum R<br />
tendente moveatur in perimerro<br />
data2 cujukunque Se&tionis co+<br />
nicx: cujus centrum fit C, &’ requiratur<br />
Lex vis centripeta : dncatur<br />
C G radio .R T ,arallela,<br />
& Orbis tangenti 5! G occurrens<br />
in 6; & vis illa ( per<br />
Coral. I &I SchoL Prop, x, &<br />
GG<br />
iTfE@z<br />
cl&
‘I’ROPOSITIO XVIII. PROBLEMA X.<br />
Datis umbilico & a&s prhwilpalibus deJcribere Trdje@or&s EIl~ptib<br />
cas & k!yperholidas, ,qzad tmnfibunt perpm&z datlt,& ste@aspo*:<br />
Jtione datas contingent.<br />
Sit S communis umbilicus figurarum 5 AB longitudo axis prh<br />
cipalis Traje&oriz cujufvis; I> pun&urn per quod Traje&oria debet<br />
tranfire; st TR reBa quam dcbec tangere. Cenrro T inter-,<br />
vallo AB - ST, h orbita fit Elliph, vel A’B + ST, ii ea fit Hyperbola,<br />
dehibatur circulus LfG. Ad tange’ntem TR demittatyr<br />
,perpendiculum ST, & producatur idem ad Y’ ut fit TV aquahs<br />
ST; centroque 7 8~ intervallo AIB2defcri.bat-ur circalws PH. Hat<br />
,method 8
60 PHIL~~~PHIE NATURALIs<br />
mcthodo five dcutur duo pun&a ti?', ,p, five dux taqyntes ?‘i?,<br />
tr, five punthm T 6r tallgens A.<br />
fP”R,defcribendi<br />
funt circuli duo.<br />
Sit H eorum inteGeRi colllmunis,<br />
& umbilicis SJY, axe ill0<br />
i?<br />
.<br />
data defcribatur TrajeCtoria. ‘*The<br />
Dice FaBum. Nam TrajeLb<br />
&oria defcripta (ea quad T kl<br />
+S*;P in Ellipii, & 5?H-$Y<br />
in NyperboIa aquarur axi]<br />
tranfibic per pun&urn T J &<br />
( per Lemma fbpcrius ) ranget<br />
n’e&am TR. Et eodem argumento<br />
vel tranfibic eadcm per<br />
pun&a duo “P,p, vel ranget re. /<br />
&as duas TR, TV. .$$ E, .FO<br />
@RoposITIo XIX. Pn,OBLEMA XI.<br />
B
CJZS. I. Dato umbilico S, defcribenda fit Traje&oria ABC per<br />
pun&a duo B, c. @uoniam TrajeQoria datur fpecie, dabitur r;ltio<br />
axis principalis ad<br />
umbilicorum. In ea ratione cape<br />
KB ad 13 S, & L C ad CS.<br />
tris B, 6, intervaliis B<br />
firibe circulos duos,<br />
KL, quaz tangat<br />
L, demitte perpendiculum SG, idemque feca in R & &z9 ita ut fib;.<br />
5’ A ad A G & SLJ ad n 6, ut elt SZ3 ad BK, & axe Aa, yerticibus<br />
A, u, defcribat;ur TrajeQoria. Dice faOmn. Sit enim I+,? unlbilicus.<br />
alter Figurfe defcripta, & cum fit 5Sad A G ue &'a ad a G, erit diviiim<br />
S a - SA feu SN ad B G - AG reu Aa in eadem rationc,<br />
adeoque in rationc quam habet axis prikpalis Figurae &rcribend~<br />
ad diflantiam umbllicorum cjus; SC propterea Figura dekripta cfi<br />
ejufdem fpeciei cum defcribenda. cCumque fiat K 8 ad BS & LC.<br />
ad CS in eadem ratione, tranfibit haze Fjgura per pum%a J3, C, ut.<br />
ex Conicis manifefium ek<br />
Cas. 2. Dato umbilico S, defcriben& fit TIraje&oria quz reQas<br />
duas TR, tr alicubi contingar. Ab umbilico in tangcnces demicccc<br />
pcrpendicula Sa”, St- & produc eadem<br />
ad V, ‘u, ut fmt Z-V, tu fcquales<br />
TJ’, % s. l&if&a V7.I in 0,<br />
& erige perpendiculum infinitum 1<br />
Q f--, cc&amqUe Y$ in&lite pro-.<br />
dLl~a 1ll fe,ca ill d( & k i ta, uc ii r<br />
YK ad KS & Vk ad k S ut cfi<br />
TrajeQork de fcri bend= axis pr incjpalis<br />
ad umbilicorum dikmtiam.<br />
Super diamecro I< k dcfcribatur<br />
_circuIus fe~ans 0 H in I$, & umbilicis S. k& axe princi ali ipfiam<br />
/. H zquante, dei$batur TrajcQoria. Dice fafium. J?f am bii’eca,<br />
J
,6-z<br />
-~~~~osO'PI-TLE NATUI defcribatur Trajeeoria. Dice fat<br />
Qum. Namque VH eire ad<br />
SH ut YK’ ad SK, atque adeo<br />
ut axis principalis Traje6kor.k<br />
defcribendz ad difianriam urn-<br />
:bilicorum ejus, patet ex demon-<br />
. gratis in Cafil fecundol &prop-<br />
. terea Trajeftoriam d&rlptam<br />
ejufdem etk cpcciei cum de’fcrl-<br />
‘benda; reQam vero TR qua an-<br />
~gulus YRS bikcatur, tangere TrajeLkoriam in pun&o A, pates ex-<br />
C onicis. &E. F.<br />
c’as, 4, Circa umbilicum Sdefiribenda jam fit TrajeQoria APB,<br />
.qux: tangat re&am TR, tranfeatque per pun&urn quodvis P extra<br />
.tangentem datum, quzeque fimilis fit Figure ap b, axe principaji<br />
a b & umbilicis s, h dehriptz. In tangentem TR demitte perpendiculumST,<br />
&produc idem ad Y, ut fit TYzqualis ST, any<br />
gulis autem P’S?‘, 5 VT fat angutos bsg, s,lj aciuaks; cenl<br />
troque q & intervallo quad fit ad LJ b tit ST ad 4 S defcribe circuhm<br />
kantem Figuram ap 6 in p. junge sp & age SH qu3e fit<br />
s h ut eR ST ad sp,qwque angulum 3) 5 H’angulo p s k & angul<br />
VS N angulo p s 4 zquales confiituat. Denique umbilicis 8,<br />
%sZ axe principali AB dihntiam YE7 zquante> defcribatur fe&o<br />
Conica. Dim h&turn. Nam fi agatur ,SV quze fit ad sp ut efi J&<br />
ad
VST, bsq) ut efi li”S ad S’S?’ feu ab-ad’pq, 2Equantur ergo+<br />
huh & u b. Porro ob fimilia triangula VSH. ash, efi P’H ad,-<br />
SN ut zrrtJ ad s t5, id efi, axis Gnicrr: fe&ionis jam defcriptz ad ;<br />
illius urn bilicorum intervalIum, ut axis ab ad umbilicorum intervallum<br />
sb-; & propterea Figura jam defkipta fimilis efi Figura<br />
BPS. Tranfi t awem hzc Figura per punLkn P, eo quod triangulum<br />
P S H firnile fit triangulo ps h ; & quiz VH aquacur ipfius<br />
axi & YS b&caFur perpendiculariter a refla T’R, tan@ eadem<br />
rettam TR. &E. I;:<br />
I., E M hf A XVI.<br />
m<br />
purum dij%erenti~ vel dar2tfw rue1 nulld~unt.<br />
C&J+. I; Sunto pun&a illa data A, B, C & puntium quartum 2?$ .<br />
quod invsnire oportet ; Ob datam differentiam linearum AZ, B,2$<br />
locabirutibyunfum 2 in Hyperbola cujus rmbilici fimt A & & &<br />
p
*Gq ~PHILO~OPHIX NATURALIs<br />
DE hjo7 u ad AIA 11t efi ~gr\T ad A& & ereh P X perpendiculari ad A.&<br />
CORPORUM de[lliFaque ZR perpendiculari ad T A! ; eric,ex natura hujUS Hy- j<br />
.perbolz,ZR ad AZ ut efi MA? ad A-B. %nili dikurfuppumhm<br />
z ]ocabitur in a]ia Hyperbola, cujus umbilici funt AP C & princi-,<br />
pnlis axis dlftlerentia inter AZ & CZ,duciquepotefi Z&J ipfi AC .<br />
perpendicularis, ad quam ii ab Nyperbolz hjus pun&o quovis 2<br />
dcmittatur normalis ZS, l-rluc fuerit ad AZ ut efi difkrentia inter<br />
AZ fit CZ ad AC. Dantur ergo rationes ipi’arum 2.R & 2s<br />
ad AZ, PC idcirca dawr earundcm<br />
ZR & ZJ’ ratio ad invicem ;<br />
idcoque ii re&z X P, 5’2 concurrant<br />
in T, & agatur TZ, figura<br />
‘TR Z S, dabitur fpecie, &z re6ka<br />
Y% in qua p~ud3.m Zalicubi IOcatur,<br />
dabitur pofitionc. Eadem<br />
methodo per Hyperbolam tertiam,<br />
cujus umbilici fiunt B & C<br />
& axis principalis diff’erentia reearurn<br />
SZ, CZ, inveniri pot&<br />
alia re&a in qua pi%?urn Zlocatur. 13<br />
Habitis]autem duobus Locis reQilineis,<br />
habetur pun&umquafitum Zin eorum inter&&one. SE, I:<br />
Gas. 2. Si duz ex tribus lineis, puta AZ & BZ zquantur, pun-<br />
Chum 2 locabitur in perpendiculo bikcante difiantiam AB, & locus<br />
alius re&ilineus invenietur ut fipra. sE.1,<br />
Gas. 3- Si omnes tres azquantur, locabitur pun&urn Zin centro<br />
Circuli per pun&-a k&B, c’ trankuntis, g. E. 2:<br />
Solvitur eriam hoc Lemma problematicum per L&rum TaQionum<br />
Apollonii a yietu reflitutum. \<br />
PROPOsn20 xxr. PR~BLEMA XIII.- ,<br />
'~rrajefforium&cd dUtlhiW tinz&!icum a?eJ&ibere, que tyap$&~,pep<br />
puTJg@ d&Z & dhs poJtione da&s contiVJget.<br />
Dar umbilicus Ir, pun&turn fp, & tangens TR, & inveniendus<br />
fit umbilicus alter H. Ad tangentem demitte +rpendiculum<br />
ST”, El- produc idem ad G ut fit TT zqualis ST, & erit TH x-<br />
qualis aXi principali. Jungc ST, .HT, & erit J’T diEer$rtia inter’<br />
MT 8t axem principalem, HOC modo fi dentur plure$tangenD’<br />
tes
RENCXPIA MATHEMA’rxeAt’ Gf<br />
res TR, vel plura pun&a I), devenictur kmper ad lineas totidem EIf%ER<br />
22% ve’l T .H, a &&is pun&is T vel 1’ II I LIJ h<br />
5? ad umbilicum k? du&as , qua vel<br />
zquantur axibus, vel datis longitudinibus<br />
S I-’ diRerunt ab iifdem, atque<br />
adeo quas vel aquantur fibi invicem,<br />
vel dams habent differentias j &<br />
inde, per Lemma fiiperius, datur umbi-<br />
Jicus ille alter H. Habitis autem umbilicis<br />
una cum axis longitudine (qua:<br />
vel efi 2”H; vel, fi Trajetioria Ellipfis efi, T H + SP j fin Wyperbola,<br />
T H- ST) habetur TrajeBoria. SE. I;<br />
Shlium.<br />
Cafus ubi dantur tria pun&a fit fblvitur ex editiua. Demur<br />
pun&a B, C, 59, JunEtas BC, CD produc ad 3 ,fi ut fit EB ad<br />
EC Lit SB ad SC, & FC ad FZ) ut SC ad SD. Ad EF du&m<br />
& produQam demitte normales SG, B M, inque G S infinite<br />
.produ&a cape G A ad AS & G u ad u S ut efi HB ad 6’5’; & eric<br />
A vertex, & A a axis principalis TrajeEtoria: : quz:, perinde ut GA<br />
major, zqualis, vel minor fuerit quam AS, erit Ellipfis, Parabola<br />
vel Hyperbola; pun-<br />
&o a in prim0 cafu<br />
cadente id eandem<br />
partem iinez G F<br />
Cum pun&k0 Aj in<br />
&undo caru abeunte<br />
in infinitum j in tertio<br />
cadente ad contrariam<br />
partem ‘tines G F.<br />
Nam ii dcmitrantur<br />
ad G F perpendicula<br />
CI>DKj erit K’ad HB ut EC ad EB,hoc.e&,utSC’adSB; & viciarn<br />
IC ad SC ut HB ad SB hve ut GA ad SA. Et fimili argumento<br />
probabitur effe .&?D ad $22 in eadem ratione. Jacent ergo pun&a 23,<br />
C, ‘D in Coniktiione circa umbilicum Sita dcfcripta, UC re&3e omnes<br />
ab umbilico LFad fin ula SeBionis pun&a duke, fine ad perpendicula<br />
a ,pu&is iifdem a cf: ,re&am G F demiira in data illa ratione.<br />
Method0 haud multum difimili hujus probkmatis f’olutionem<br />
wadit Clarifimus Geometra de la Hire, Conicorum iilortim Lib-<br />
VIII, Prop. XXV.<br />
K<br />
SECT10
Cm. x. l?onapuxs grim.0 Iinca ad<br />
~ppo@ta latepa-duEtas~paralldas ei”-<br />
$2 alterutri reliquorum laterum,<br />
puta T && T R Iateri AC, Sr T S<br />
ac T Plater-i AI?. Sintque infuper<br />
Qatera, duo ex oppofitis, puta AC<br />
& B B , fibi invicem paralleka.<br />
Et r&a qu;r= bificat parallela<br />
illa latera erit una ex diametris<br />
Conica: k&ionis, & bikcabit eti-
PIlA ~A~;~~~~A~~~~A~ vq7<br />
Gas. 2. Phamus jam Trapezii 4atera Qppofita AC,& B 53 Xlan .P;: ;t;;6<br />
4% parallela. Age B d paraklam &C & occurrentem turn re&az ’ ’<br />
PST in t. turn Couica ie&ioni in<br />
& ipfi +¶llelam age D M<br />
kcantem Cd in M & AB in A?.<br />
Jam ob fimilia rriangyla B T t,<br />
BBN;eit: Bt feuT ad 7tut<br />
TlNad NB. Sic & 5 P eit ad<br />
AR feu T 5’ ut 9 A4 ad AN.<br />
rgo, ducendo antecedentes in<br />
antecedentes & confequentes in<br />
confequentes, ut re&angulum ‘Px<br />
in R r efi ad re&angulum T 5’ in<br />
Tt:, ita re&angulurG NDM efi<br />
ad reQangulum A NB, & (per Caf: 1) ita Akxngtililm F *n 2% ef?<br />
ad reaangulum T S in T t, ac divifim ita rc&angultim ZP 2~ P 23’<br />
efi ad re&angulum T SXT 2”. &E. I>.<br />
Ctis. ,3. Ponamus denique lineas<br />
.quatuor T J?& T 22, I, S, T T non<br />
#effe otirallelas lateribus AC, A B,<br />
fed id ,ea utcunque inclinat&. Ea:<br />
~sum vice age T 9, T r ,parallelas<br />
Jpfi AK’; & T s, T t parallelas<br />
ipfi AB; St propter datos angu-<br />
~10s tfin’~gtllo~uin P &q, h?? 22 r3<br />
!P S’Y~ T T t, dabuntur r&ones<br />
T,&ad Pq, PR ad !i?r, T S<br />
ad ,T s, & T T ad T t; ;itque adeo ratiloties,cohlpofira: 23%~ F R<br />
ad P 4 x 33 P, & .T S x T T ad T s x Pstt. Sed, .per fiperius DDE-<br />
!monfirata, ratio .T q x T r ad T s x T t-data ,efi : &go *‘&&(a<br />
P&X PR ad 5%’ x;TT. Li$ E. CD.<br />
4 E M I+l -A XvIII.<br />
GJdem poJiti.z, J rect~y$vrn ductarum ad oppo&td duo keua Trapexji<br />
I! Qx P Rj?t ad rectangtilum ductarum dd r&qua duo late-<br />
. ra I) S x‘P T iv duta r&one,; panctum I?, d:quo lhe~ ducww,<br />
tanget ‘Con&m<br />
.<br />
fectioaem circa Trtipewium ‘delcriptam.<br />
4<br />
EC2<br />
Fer
n.c Moau<br />
Per pun&a A, B,C, D & aliquod infinitorum pun&orum T’, pu-<br />
CORxlOR v M ta p, concipe Conicam fi&ionem dei‘cribi : dice pun&urn p hanc<br />
fimper tangere. Si negas,<br />
junge A T Gxantem hanc<br />
Conicam k&ionem alibi<br />
quam in Tip, fi fieri pot&,<br />
yuta in 6. Ergo fi ab his<br />
pun&p & b ducancur in<br />
datis angulis ad lateraTrapezii<br />
reCtfe p 4, pr3 p s, $G<br />
& bk, br, b/; 6d; erit<br />
ut bkxbr ad bfxbd ica<br />
(per Lem. XVII) p q Xp 1”<br />
ad ps x ~8, & ita (per<br />
Hyporh.) T JQcT A ad A, %“.,, km” 2 ;<br />
S?SxTTi Efi & Propter<br />
fimilitudinem Trapeziorum b 12 AJ;’ ZD ,$&AS, u.t bk ad bJib&<br />
fP%ad T S. Qare, applicando terminds prioris proportionis a&<br />
terminos correfpondentes hujus, erit b r kl b d ut T R ad T 2. E,Fgo<br />
Trapezia axluiangula I) r bd, 53 R T T fimilia funt, &..earum<br />
diagonales 2) 6, !D F propterea coincidunt. Incidit itaque, b in<br />
interfeeionem reQarum AT, I> “P adeoque coincidit CLW pun&o<br />
9’. Qwe pun&ml T, ubicunque fumatur, mcidit in afignstam<br />
Conicam fe&ionem. L&E. D.<br />
Curd. Hint fi reQ= tres P 2,, “PA, ‘T S, a pun&o comm.uni,T<br />
ad alias totide,m pofitione datas re&as. Af?, CD,1AC, ‘fingule ad<br />
fin&as, in datis angulis ducantur, ctque reaangulum fu:h duabus<br />
du&is P XX ‘P R ad qundratum tertixz T,S .qtiad. in data ,rat,ione :<br />
pun&urn 57, a quibus w&e ducuntur, locqbitur in fc&one Conica<br />
quaz tangit hneas AB, CD in R & :C; & contra. Nag cocat linea<br />
B 2> cum linea AC manente pofit~one~trium,A@,‘ C’D, AC;, dein<br />
coeat etiam Iinea ‘2’ r cum linea T’ 5;: & rc&angulum T S x T r<br />
evader: ‘T Squad. re&xque AB, CD qux. cu-rvam in pun&is A&B,<br />
C tk D Gxabant, jam Curvam in pun& illis coeuntibus non amp$us<br />
lecare pofTunt ied tantum tangent, - .,,<br />
.I @&&, I .,,,.; *. - :( ‘*,<br />
*Non&r, C&i&- fe&ionis, in hoc ‘~en~nxite l&e fiumitur,” ita tit<br />
&%o tan1 Re&ilinea per. verticem Con,i tr&fiens, quam Circularis.<br />
1 bafi parallel~~~neludat~r. Nam ,fi ‘pun@urn,p “incid,it in re&m;. qua,<br />
quavis ex pLllltktiS quatudr A, BI Cj 22 jungiintur, Conica fi@io.<br />
wr t.e-
5, -‘~~~E.OSOPHI~ NATU’bU.,~r$<br />
1 , ad ‘13 S, adeoquc ratio T gad<br />
,“,“,~?u~~ p ,j’. Auferendo hanc a dataratione<br />
P&X ipR ad TJ’x FPT;<br />
dabitur ratio T R ad T Z &<br />
iaddend datas,l*ationes 8’1 iid c’<br />
‘@ 2, & T,T ad T H dabitur<br />
ratio T I ad P 13 aique adeo<br />
pun&urn T. L& E. ir:<br />
CU&, T. Hint etiam ad Loci<br />
pun@oruffi infinitorum 5? pun-<br />
&m yuodvis B taiigens duci<br />
po~ilt. ~~~~ cllorda pi L~bi<br />
puntia Sp ac2> conveniunt,hoc<br />
cfi, ubi 222’ dukitur per pun&m ‘I), tan’gens efiadit. C&o in c2fu3<br />
.riltima ‘ratio evanefcentium 12’ & ‘fp.ZY in’veniietu’r tit fupra. !Ipji<br />
igitur AD due parallelam C.3”” occurrentem B D in F, &-in”eaultima<br />
rat’ione feeQam ‘in E, &,23 E tangchs erit, propterea guod %IF<br />
Sr: ‘evanefcens I H parallelaz funt, & in E & ZP fiii$iter fe&&.<br />
Cbd. 2. ‘Hint etiam~locuspuntiorum omnium ? definiri ‘potcfi.<br />
Per quodvis punQorum A, B, C, I>, puta A, due L&i tangentem<br />
A E & per aliud quddvis Vpun’&um B d,i.rc tangenti parallelam B F<br />
occurrentem. Loco in F. Invenietu’r<br />
autem pun&Mn Eper Lem. XIX.<br />
Bifeca 23 Fin G, & a&a indefinita<br />
.AG eri$‘ pofitio diahetri ad quam<br />
B G & *FG ordinatim applickrntur:<br />
H&x AG “occurrat Loco in H, &<br />
&it, AI7 diameter five lams tranc<br />
verfum, ‘ad Pupd latus re&um crit<br />
ut I3 G 4. ad A G N; Si AG nullibi ‘.)a<br />
occurrit Loco, linea AH exifiente<br />
infinita, Locus erit Parabola & larum<br />
re&ztm ejus ad dianicrrum A G E’%.<br />
. ~23Gq.<br />
pirtinens erit -AG- Sin ea ahhi occurrit, Locus Hyperbola erit<br />
J<br />
subi. pun&~A ,*& e &a funt ‘ad eaiaem .partes ipfius.G : & Ellipfis,<br />
pbr G intermedjumefi, nifi’farte angulus AG’Blreaus-fit “& ififupbr<br />
-8 G qmd. aqude M?tangulo AGH, q.uo in cafiCirculus habehitur.<br />
Artlu~ir~.Pr~blemat~s.~~te~~rn,de quatuor Iineis’ab Euc&&e inczp-<br />
-r?& ab ~‘@O~~O continuati non c&ulus, feed compefitio Geomet&-‘<br />
.ca, qnakm Vet&es $mrebaht, in hoc’ C&qllario &l~ib&r.<br />
LEM..
lela fit ipfi AC & ochwrat<br />
PC’, “PA’, AB in I;,..K,E:<br />
& wit (per Lemma xv1r.J r$-<br />
&angulum DE x D F ad retiangulum<br />
2, G 6 ‘(3 Hi? yaT
. Gwol. I. Wine ii agatur B C fecans T in yj & i? 2’ r* capiarur<br />
p f in ratione ad T r quarn habet 33 T a %- T .R : erlt .El t tangens<br />
C,onica k&ionis ad ~UlltitlJX B. Nam concipe unhm 2) coire<br />
cum pun&o B ita UC, chorda BI> evanetiente, J r<br />
dat j & CD ac B T coincident cum C B & B t.<br />
-tangens eva-<br />
Cord, 2. Et vice. verb ii c<br />
67 t fit tangens, & ad quadvis<br />
Conica k&ionis puntturn<br />
22 conveniant B 93<br />
CD; wit ‘PA ad TT UC<br />
ut T r .ad “Pt. Et contra,<br />
iifitTRadTTutTrad<br />
T t : ,convenient B 2>, CI> G<br />
ad Conic32 Se&ionis puncum<br />
aliquod D.<br />
Cord 3, Conica k&i0<br />
1x211 f&car Conicam G&ionem<br />
in pun&is pluribus quam quatuor. Nam, fi fieri pot&t, tranfi<br />
cant dux Conicx f&Zones per quinque pun&a A, B, C, 5?, 0 j e& ..<br />
que fecet retia B 53 in pun&is D,d, Sr: ipfam T& feces: re&a CGil<br />
in r. ErgoTR &ad TTut Tr adTTj unde TX & Trfibi<br />
invicem xquantur, contra Hypothefin.<br />
LEMMA<br />
XXI.<br />
$i.reB’rt) ducE mobiles & injrpzit~ B M, CM per datapmcta 13, C, ceg<br />
,po?os ducta, coucurJu fuo M defcribunt tertiam pojtione dd-”<br />
-turn rectam MN; & al&z dug infinitce rect& I3 II, C D ctim<br />
prioribws dud~us ad puncta iI/a duta U, C dutos aragzklos<br />
M B DJ M CD egcientes dtikantur ; ho quad hi dule B I?><br />
CD concurJ~Jtio D deJcribe&’ fectionem Conicam per pzmc~~<br />
B, C tr+m~euntem. Et vice wer/lz, /; refb B D, C D con&m&.~<br />
jko D deJ&ibant S ec t’ #onem Conicm per data ptinc~u, B, C; A<br />
tranfeuntem, &$t am&s J3 I3 M Jumper cequalis an&o &at0<br />
A B C, aBguh$que D C M Jemper &qua&s an&o do A. C X3 :<br />
ppunctum M continget rectampojtione datum,<br />
Nan-l
PRI:NCq[~P A”PMEMATICA, 73<br />
LII?tr<br />
&lam in reQa MN detur pun&urn A?, Sr: ubi pua&m mobile YR~ )l 9z >.<br />
J4 incidit in immotum<br />
tumT. Junge CIV,f?j$<br />
A?” incidat punLtum mobile D ill. imnlo-<br />
I<br />
Qp3 B F3 & a pun&o<br />
T age reQas PT, PR<br />
occurrentes ipGs B 2),<br />
C 59 in T & R, & facientes<br />
axlgulum B T T<br />
aqualem angulo data<br />
B N M, St angulum<br />
C p R rq,ualem angug~lo<br />
datoCNM Cum ..,,,,,., 1.....*1.....1.<br />
Hypothefi)<br />
ergo (ex<br />
aequales fint anguli<br />
MBD, NBP, ut &<br />
anguli MCI>, NC P 5<br />
aufer communes NBD<br />
& NCD, & refiabunt:<br />
zquales NBN & PBT,<br />
A?C M & P C R : adeoquc triangula NB M, P B T fimilia finr, ut<br />
dk triangula NC M, T CR. Q:lare T T efi ad NM ut TB ad<br />
ATB, & T B ad ATMutTCadNC, Suntautempuntia B,C,N,T<br />
immobilia. Ergo 5? T & T R datam habent rationem ad NAG proindeque<br />
datam rationem inter f-6; atque adeo, per Lemma xx,<br />
pun&urn 2, (perpetuus reQarum mobilium B r & CR concurfus)<br />
contingit kQionem Conicamn, per pun&a B, C, T trankuntem.<br />
#&.E D.<br />
‘Et contra, ii pun&urn mobile ‘D contingat fi&ionem (hicam<br />
trankuntem per data pun&a B, C, A, 8z fit angulus iD B hgkmper<br />
zclualis angulo dato AI3 C, & anguhsCD CM femper zqualis angu-<br />
]o dato A 2 B, & ubi pun&um~ incidit fucceffhe in duo quxvis ik-<br />
@ionis pun&h immobiliap, T, pun&um mobile n/l incidat fuccci’&c<br />
in pun.&a duo immobilia n9 A?‘: per eadem ny x agatur Rcba fi N!<br />
or lxw erit LOCUS perpetuus pun&i illius mobhs hf. Namj fi f&r<br />
yoteft, VerCetur pun&urn fin Iinea aliqua Curva. Tanget ergo<br />
’ pun&m3 D KeBionem Cofkam per pun&a q$nque 87 C 4 p,Ts<br />
tranfeuntem, ubi pun&m M perpetuo tangit heam Curvam Sed<br />
& ex jam demonfhtis tanget etiam pun&urn 9 fk%onein Coni*<br />
d;ram per eadetn quinque pun&a B, C, Alp, “P ,tranhntcmj ubiFun-<br />
IL.4<br />
htrs
74 wmL?sOPWIX NAT R~~IS .<br />
DE MOT u &urn $1 perpetuo tangit lineam Re&am. Ergo dux f’e&iones C&<br />
CQRPORUU nic3: tranfibunt per eadem quinque pul~fta, co.ntra Coral. 3. Lemi.<br />
xx, Jgitur pucLtun1 Mverkiiu linea Curva abiirrdu~ eU,-. & 8. zb;.<br />
PROPOSITIO XXII. PROBLEMA. 2CI~a.<br />
hifque paralklas TP $9 ?P I?$- per pun&urn ‘quarturn. F,. IIf*;<br />
Inde a poIis duobus 23, C age per pun&urn quintum 2) infini-,<br />
tas duas 13 2) T, CR D,. novifi’me dh&is T F S, I> R &( priorem<br />
prlorl & pofieriorem pofieriori) occurrentes~ in: r & R. ID+nique<br />
de re&is T T, T R, aQa re&a TV ipfi TB aralleIa,. ab-.<br />
f’cinde quahis T t, T r ipfis fp T, T A proportiona s es 5 & fi per.<br />
earum terminos t,. T & polos BP. C a&z Bif, CP concurrant in I<br />
d, focabitur pun&urn illud d in Traje&oria quazfita. Nam puntturn<br />
illud d (per Lemma xx) veriatur in Conica SeLkione~ per:<br />
pun&a quatuor A, B, C, T tranfeunte j &, lineis j? T, 5?t evanef~entibus,<br />
coit pun,&um d cum pun&o 23. Tranfit ergo fetiio Co--<br />
mea per pun&a qumque A, & C,.Ir, 23. &E.D.
RINXPIA MATHEMA 7%<br />
ldem t&m.<br />
E pun&is datis junge triaquzvis A, B,Cj &, circum duo eorum<br />
23, c Cal polos, rota&o angu10~ magnitucfine dates J B c,<br />
ACB, applicentur cfuga<br />
B 4 CAprimo ad<br />
p~d~.~m I>, deinde<br />
ad punhim P, & no-<br />
Centur pun&a M, Nin<br />
quibus altera crura<br />
BL, CL cah utroque<br />
Te decuffant, Agatur<br />
re&a infinity MN, &<br />
rotentur an@ illi mom<br />
biles circum polos fuos<br />
B3 CJ ea lege ut crurum<br />
BL, CL vel<br />
BM, C iI4 in terfefiio<br />
quaz jam fit VJ incidat<br />
fernper in re&am illam<br />
infinitam MN & crurum<br />
B kf, C4 vel BZ>, CCL) interfeRio3 qw jam fit d, Trajefio-<br />
&am quafitam PAZ) dB delineabit. Nam pun&urn d, per km.<br />
XX49 conSingetfe&ionem Conicam er pun&a B, C tranfeuntem ; &<br />
ubi pun&urn m accedit ad pun&a % s M3 N, pun&urn d (per confiru&ionem)<br />
accedet ad pun&a A, ‘D, pp. Dcfcribetur itaque kca<br />
Go Conica tranfiens pi=r pun&a quinque A, B, GT, 21. aE. F.<br />
CoroG, I. Hint re&a expedite duci potefi quz Trajeaoriam quzfitam,<br />
in pun&o quovis data 23, continget. Accedar punfium a’ ad<br />
pun&urn B, & re&a B d evader tangens quzfita.<br />
CouoZ. 2. Uncle etiam Traje&oriarum Centra, Diametri & Latera<br />
.r.e&a inveniri pofint, ut in Corollario &undo Lemmatis x~x*<br />
schol~uM.<br />
I @onRruQio prior evadet paufo fimplicior jungendo B F’, 8~ in eat<br />
i: fi opus eR, produCta capiendo Bp ad I3 P Ut cfi J’ R ad I’ TI &-<br />
: per p a endo re&am infinitam p d ipfi s P ?? parallelam, inClue ea<br />
), capien Lf o fimper p cl squalem T r ; & agenda r&as B d, Cr FQ@<br />
currences in d. Nam cum Gnt 2’ t ad Pt,Q” J? ad PT’J P B ad PBs<br />
2 d ad p t in &em ratione; erunt p d & T t fimPer “41”,“6’<br />
11<br />
L -2<br />
*<br />
L z<br />
PL1YSu4w<br />
3 e x.
les. Hat methodo pud3a TrajeGEoriaz inveniuntur expeditiflmc~.<br />
~~,f!,“~~~ niG<br />
I<br />
mavis<br />
.<br />
(Ihrvarn3. ut in confirm&one keunda, dcfiribere Me:<br />
‘\Q<br />
I.” I’ j.<br />
.krl”,<br />
A.ge $3 53 ficantem S I> in ?Y, & CT? ffcantem P R in,.?& Is&<br />
mquc, agcndo quamvls f r lpfi I” R parallehm,. de T&, P S<br />
abGnde T p3 Tt ipfis T R, T2 proportionales refpe&:ivk - &<br />
a&a&n Cr, B t concurfis d. ( per km. xx ) incidct.. fimpei in,..:<br />
Trajeooriam defcribendam.<br />
.I \d<br />
‘, 8
evolvatur Tim angulus magnitudinc datus CB ff circa polum<br />
23, tum radius quilibet re&iheus & utrinque pro&&us 53 C circa<br />
polum C. Notentur pun&a &f,N in quibus anguli crus B C<br />
f&at radium illum ubi crus alterum BH concurrir: cum codem radie<br />
in punEtis p & D. Deinde ad a&am infinitam M iV con-<br />
,<br />
currant perpetuo radius ilk C T vel CD & anguli crus B C, &‘:<br />
cruris alterius BH concurfus cum radio delineabit TrajeQoriam<br />
qwfi cam.<br />
Nam ii in confiru&ionibus Problematis hperioris accedat punt-<br />
turn A ad pun&urn B, linear CA &CB coincident5 & linea AB in<br />
ultimo fuo fitu fiet tangens B H, atque adee conCtrw&iones ibi po-<br />
Ritz evadent eadem cum confiru&ionibus hit defcriptis. Delinea-,<br />
bit igicur cruris B H concurfus cum radio fetiionem Conicam pes%<br />
pun&ta C, I),T tranfewcem, & re&am BN tangentem m p~ancZo a<br />
B. a$& E, F.<br />
Ch. 2. Dentur pun&a quatuor B3 C, 53, T extra rangenam<br />
,Efk.fica, Junge bina kineis B‘D, C.F. concurrentibus in G, range=<br />
tqLlC
,73 TH~~L~oSO‘PHIE NATURAL,IS<br />
nz MOT u tiqLIe OCCurreiltibus in H 6-z L Secetur tangens in ,& ita ut fit<br />
~f=oam~u~ fiA ,ad AI, ut efi re&angulum<br />
fuuls media propor tionali<br />
inter CG & G P & media<br />
proportionali inter Bh?&<br />
HZI, ad re&angulum fub media<br />
proportionali inter 2) G a<br />
GB & media proportionali inter<br />
P .Z & I c’ j S= erit A pl.lIlCrum<br />
contahs. Nam ii rec3z<br />
P 1 parallela HX TrajeQoriam<br />
fecet in pun&is quibuf-<br />
.vis X & F: erie (ex Conicis)<br />
punEtum A ita locandum, ut fuerit HA qgcad. ad *AI qzddd. in raL<br />
tione compofita ex ratione re&anguli XHZ”ad reaangulum B HOD<br />
feu refianguli C G P ad rekmgulum 2) G B & ex ratione r&anguli<br />
B H ‘9 ad reQangulum T I C. lnvento autern contafius<br />
pun&o A, dei’cribetur ‘Trajeeoria ut in cafii primo. g, E. ~7.<br />
Capi autem potefi] punQum A vel inter pun&a H & .7, vel extra i<br />
.& perinde Traje&koria dupliciter defcribi.<br />
PROPOST.TIO XXIV. PROBLEMA XVI.<br />
dtins pofitione dat4.r cantivget.<br />
Dentur tan entes HI, K-L &<br />
pun&a B, C, f5 . Per puntiorum<br />
,duo quzvis B, 23 age re&am infinitam<br />
BfD tangentibus occurrentem<br />
in pun&is H, I
;BS L 2). Seca autem pro lubitu vcl inter puntga K a 11 _<br />
1 or: L, ~4 extra eadem : dein age R $ fecatlteal rnqyntcs iJa i p’<br />
& T, & erunt A & ‘P pun&a contaftuum. Nam fi .4 G “13<br />
fiupponantur effe pun&a contaEtuum alicubi in tange~~t~~~~ iitaj<br />
& per punhnun H, I, K, L quodvis I, in tatlgcnrc a\-<br />
eerutra .H I fiturn, agatur re&a I T taI2genti alteri K L, par&<br />
lela, qua2 occurrat curve in X & r, & in ea hmatur IZ media<br />
prOpOrtionah inter Ix & IT: wit, ex COniCis, re~aF~~~l~m<br />
XITkceu I2 quad. ad LT qw& ut reQangulum CI’D ad rctta<br />
gulwm 61 L TJ P id eit (per confh&ionem > ur ,.,$‘.I BU&~,<br />
8~ qaad: atquc adeo I2 ad LT ut S I ad S L. Jacent ergo puntta<br />
$, T, Z in una x&a. Porro tangentibus concurrcntibus in G, c-<br />
r,it (ex Conicis) rerftangulum XI T feu I2 quad. ad 114 qwd. ut<br />
GTqaad ad GA qzpad: adeoque 12 & I A ut G-P ad GA. Jacene:<br />
ergo pun&a T, Z & A in una refia, adeoque pun&a S, ‘SD & A<br />
filnt in una reEta. Et eodem argumellto probabitur quad punRa<br />
A, ‘P & A fimt in una refita. Jacent igitur pun&a contahwm A?<br />
& T in re&a R S, HiIce autem inventis, TrajeZIoria d~~~~b~~~~<br />
ut in cafu primo Problematis fuperioris. $& E, F.<br />
L E A4 M P,<br />
XXIT.<br />
reh dua parallel= AO, B L. tertiam quamvis poficione &ran1<br />
AB f&antes in A& 23,<br />
3,<br />
& a figur32 pun&to quo- 9,.<br />
/a<br />
vis G, ad re&am A B ‘e*-t<br />
_ dwatur quavis G I), i<br />
ipfi 0 A parallela. Dciade<br />
a pun&o aliquo 0,<br />
in linea 0 A dato,. ad’<br />
pun&turn 2) ducatur.<br />
r&a 0 2), ipG B L occurrens<br />
in d, & a pun&o<br />
Lt<br />
occurfus erigatur re&a<br />
dg datum quemvis angulum cum reQa 23 L continens, argue cam<br />
habens rationem ad 0 d quam habet I) 5 ad-0 ‘D 5 Sr erlrg p)lnc-<br />
turn in fjgura nova bgz’ pun&o G reipondens. Eadem ratwe<br />
pun&a fingula.figur;e prinw dabunt pun&a totidem figura ~~*p~~ Conc1pe
n 0 MoTV Concipe i&w punhm G motu continw percurrere pun&a oml<br />
~~RPVI~WM .nia figure primx, & pun&urn g motu itidem contiuuo percwrrer:<br />
pun&a omnia figurer: nova 6r eandem defcribet. Difiin&ionis gra-<br />
,tia mominemus 22 G ordinatam primam, dg ordinatam novam 5<br />
.A 23 abfciffam primam., d 1?1! abkiffam novam ; 0 polum, 0 D radium<br />
abfcidentem, 0 A radium ordinatum primum, & 0 a &no<br />
parallelogrammum 0 A E CE completer) radium ordinatum novumP<br />
Dice jam quad, fi pun&m G tangit r&tam Lineam pofitione da-<br />
,tam> pun&um 6 tanget etiam Lineam re&am pofitionc datam. Si<br />
~punQum G tangit Conicam k$kionem, pun&urn g tanget etiam<br />
Conicam f&kionem. Conicis k&ttioni bus hit Circulum annumc ro.<br />
Porro ii pun&um G tangtt<br />
Lineam tcrtii ordinis<br />
Analytici , punfium g<br />
tanget Lineam tertii itidem<br />
ordinis; & fit de<br />
curvis lincis fiperiorum<br />
ordinum. Line= dua: e-<br />
runt ejufdem femper ordinis<br />
AnaIytici quaspun-<br />
&a G, g tangunt. Et-<br />
.enim ut elt ~zd ad OA<br />
.ita film 0 d ad 0 I)> dg ad DE,,& A.23 ad:ATI 5. adeoque AD<br />
zqualis efi OAXAB ,& 2) G Equalis efi<br />
nd<br />
tum G tangit rek%am Lincam, atque adeo in zqwtione q,uav&<br />
aqua relatio inter abfiiffam AD & ordinatam ‘53 G habetur, illdeterminata<br />
ilk AD & 53 G ad unicam tantum dimenfionem<br />
afcendunt, .fcribendo in hat azquatione<br />
QdxAB<br />
rlz d pro PD, &<br />
OAx cd-<br />
-pro ‘53 G, producetur xquatio nova, in qua ;abi‘ciff$, nond<br />
va ad & ordinata nova d ad unicam tantum dimenfionem afcendent,<br />
atque adeo cpz de E Ignat Lineam re&am, Sin AD ,& 2) G<br />
‘(vel earum alterutra) afcendebant ad duas dimenfiones in aquati..<br />
one prima, akendent itidem d d & dg ad duas in xquatione fecux~da.<br />
Et iic de tribus vel pluribus dimenfionibns. Indeterminate<br />
a d, 4~ in aquatione fecunda & ATI, 13 G in prima hxndenc femper<br />
ad eundem dimenfionum numerum, & ‘propterea Line,~, quas<br />
pun& G3.g tangum> Cunt ejufdem ordinis Anal,ytici.<br />
Dic0
PRIkl@IPIA MAT’I-IE’MATICA. $n<br />
,Dico przterea quad ii reQa aliqua tangat lineam curvam in figura<br />
prima 5 hlec reQa eadem modo cum curva in figuram novam<br />
tranflata ranget lineam illam curvam in figura nova : & contra. Nam<br />
fi Curvx pun&a quavis duo accedunt ad Envicem & coeunt in frgura<br />
prima, pun&a eadcm tranflata accedent ad invicem & coibunt<br />
in figura no,va, atque adeo re&z, quibus lwx pun&a junguntur, G-<br />
mu1 evadent curvarum tangentes in figura utraque. Conrponi pal:<br />
Ifent harum affertionum Demonitrationes more ma&is Geomecrico.<br />
Sed brevitati conliilo.<br />
Qitur fi figura reQilinea in aliam tranfinutanda efi, fuflicit rectarurn<br />
a quibus conflatur interkkl.iones transferre, & per eafdem<br />
in figura nova lineas re&as ducere. Sin curvilineam tranfinutare<br />
oportet, transferenda fiint pun&a , tangentes 82 alix reEt32 quarum<br />
ape curva linea definitur. Infervit autem hoc Lemma folucioni.<br />
difficiliorum Problematum, tranfmutando figuras propofitas in fimpliciores.<br />
Nam re&a quzevis convergentes tranfmutantur in parallelas,<br />
adhibendo pro radio ordinato prima> lineam quamvis<br />
reQam qux per concurfilm convergentium tranfit : id adeo quia<br />
concurfus ille hoc pa&o abit in infinitum, linex autem parallel32<br />
fint qua: ad pun&urn infinite difians tendunt. Pofiq~am autem<br />
Problema folvitur in figura nova, ii per inverfas operationes tranG<br />
xnutetur hat figura in figuram primam, habebitur Wutio quxfita.,<br />
Utile efi etiam hoc Lemma in folutione Solidorum Problemat,um.<br />
Nam quoties duz- fe&iones Conic= obvenerint, quarum interfe&ione<br />
Problema folvi potefi y traniinutare licet earum alter-<br />
LItram, fi Hyperbola fit vel Parabola, in Ellipfin : deinde Elliph<br />
facile mutatur in Circulum. ReLta item 82 feLti Conica, in confiru&ione<br />
Planorum Problematum, vertuntur in R&am & Circulum.<br />
t II I 14<br />
1 lt’uuSb<br />
PROPOSI~IO XXV. PROBLEMA XVII.<br />
Per concurfum tangentium quarumvis duarum cum fe invicem, &<br />
concurfium tangentis tertiaz cum reQa illa, qun: per pun&a duo data<br />
tranfit, a .e re&am infinitam ; eaque adhibita pro radio ordinacoprimo3tran<br />
f; mutetur figura, per Lemma fupecius, in figuram novam. In.<br />
h/l:<br />
hat
hat figura tangentes illae dug evadent fhi’invicem parallela, & tani<br />
gens ;krtia fier parallela w&3: per<br />
purdta duo data rranfeunti. Sunto<br />
h i, k I tangentes ills duz paral’tela,<br />
ik cangens tertia, & b G re&a huic<br />
parallcla tradiem per pun&a illa<br />
n, b, per qua&onica fe&io in hat<br />
figura nova tranhe debet, & p.arallelogrammum<br />
b i k I complens.<br />
Secentur reke h i, ikj !z I in C, d, e,<br />
ita ut fit h c ad latus quadraturn<br />
rdtanguli nbh, z’c ad idj tic ke<br />
ad kd ‘UE efi iiln~ma r.e&arum hz’<br />
& kI ad fummam rrium _ linea-<br />
s:eCta ik & Intus qwadratum re&anguli &I&. Habentur igirur ez<br />
data illa ratione pun&a conta&ium c, dy 8, in5 llgura nova. l&T<br />
innerfas o-perationes Lemmaeis- ncwiflki cransferantar hat puw<br />
.-&I in figuram primam & ibi, per Probl. XL’V, d.e&ribet.ti<br />
TrajeQoria. $$. E. I;. .C eteru,m perinde LX pw&a ti 9 6 j+<br />
cent vcl inter punEta h, i, vel extra, debent pun&a c, d, e UCI<br />
inter punQa h,. z’, 4, k capi, vel extra. Si pun&orun~ a, b al..<br />
terutrum cadit inter pun&a h, J,, EC akerum extra> Problema, iIn-,<br />
pofibde elk
PRINCIPIA MATHEMATS.CA. 33<br />
%a, & eadem pro radio ordinate primo adhibita, tranlcnutetur fi- L : B E i?.<br />
gura (per Lem. xX11) in figuram novan.3, & tangenres bins, qua2 nd PR! &lIJ s0<br />
radium ordinatum primum concurrebant,jam evadentparallcls. haeo<br />
ilh k i & k Z, i k & h I continentes parallelogrammum hi k 1, Sitgage<br />
p punh.w in hat nova figura, pun&o in figura prima dare<br />
refpondens. Per figwe centrum 0 agatur pq, & exiRence Qg azquali,<br />
Qp, erit q pun&urn alterum per quod f&&o Monica in hat<br />
figura nova tranfire d&et. Per Lemmacis xxx,1 operationem ii9<br />
verhm .transferatur hoc pun&urn in %iguram primam, & ibi habebuntur<br />
pun&a duo per qulr: Trajehria dehibsnda ek Per eadem<br />
vfcro defcribi potefi Traje&oria illa per Prob, XVII. &E. F.<br />
L E M M A<br />
XXIII.<br />
,$z” recta? dad poJitione data AC, BD ad data puncta A, B, tevminenttir,<br />
datamqud lubeant rationem ad invicem , & reb?~~<br />
C D, quct pt&a indeterminata C, D junguntuu; Iecetw in ra-<br />
#ione data in K: dice quad ~US&W.V MI focub&~ in r&a pofib<br />
.6 *<br />
d;ione datu,<br />
Concurrant enim re&az AC,<br />
’ 232, in E, &in BE capiatur BG<br />
ad AE ut eiZ BfD ad AC, fit-’<br />
que 5’2) femper xqualis dats<br />
25 G; & erit ex conitru&ione<br />
BCadG2), hocetI,ad EFut<br />
AC ad B ‘59, adeoque in ratione<br />
data, & propterea dabitur fpecie<br />
triangulhm -2 FC. Secetur CF<br />
in 2; u t 13 t C L ad C F in ratio- p”’ ~.:**“”<br />
a 6 nk u<br />
ne CK ad CB; &, ob datam illam<br />
rationem, dabitur etiam fpecie triangulum E FL j proindeque<br />
gun&um L locabitur in re&a EL pofitione data. Junge L K, &<br />
hilia erunt triangula CL K, C FYI 5 &, ob datam F”D 6c datam<br />
rationem L .K ad P”J), dabitur L K. Huic qualis capiatur EH,<br />
& erit kmper EL .KH’ parallelogrammum. Locacur igitur punt-<br />
&urn Kin parallelogrammi illius here pofitione dato .H.K $$,B. f-ll.
PR:II+KIPIA MATH-EMATI@A, 3y<br />
L E M M A<br />
XXV..<br />
LI?SEW<br />
pRrXrlJS*.<br />
‘Tangant parallelogrammi ML 2-K laterxquatuor ML, IK, KE,<br />
HI fe&ionem Corkam in A, B, C, 9, & Cecet tangens quinta Fq<br />
h2x lacera in F, & H em A. I4<br />
&E; hnantur autem,<br />
laterum MI, KI abfciE3<br />
ME, K.$& vel,<br />
laterum KL, ik?L abfciffz<br />
KH, MF: dico<br />
quod fit M.E ad<br />
Ml ut B Ii ad IC2@.<br />
& KH ad- ILL ut.<br />
AM ad. MF. ~Nam<br />
per CorofIarium G- .H<br />
cundum Lemmatis fiiperioris, efi ME ad E I ut (A Ml&) B K ad<br />
B& & componendo ME ad Ml ut B IC ad I
$G<br />
nF. hloa w dcm r&a per medium omnium Eq, e,& MAY5 (per Eem. xxrlz)<br />
CoRPORU:l & uw%um r&x AlK cfl centrum SeQionis.<br />
:p~
PRINCXPIA M”ATHElE1A~TJC’A4. s,pf<br />
gent,es alias qua&is duas G CD, I;D E in L SC I
l)r ‘l!-tOTU dum Trajeeoria defcrlbebatur, demitte normalem 0 H CircuIo oc.-<br />
(SoaPonukI currentem in JX 8Z L. Et ubi crura illa altera CK, BI< concur4<br />
runt ad pun&urn iilud I< quad LZegul~ propius efi, crura prima<br />
Cfp, B F’ parallela erunc axi majori, & perpelldicularia minori ;<br />
& contrarium eveniet fi crura eadem concurrunt ad punEh~ relno.-<br />
tius L. Unde ii detur Traje&koria: centrum, dabuntur axes. Hi{ce<br />
autem datis, umbilici itint in promptu.<br />
Axium vero quadrata firnt ad inpicem ut J{fJ ad & 22” & in&<br />
facile eft Tra jec%oriam 1-P<br />
fpecie datam -per data<br />
quatuor pun&a defcrihere.<br />
Nam fi duo ex<br />
pun&is datis co&i tuantur<br />
poli C, B, tertium<br />
dabit angulos mobiles<br />
T CI!!, YBKj his autern<br />
datis defcribi potefi<br />
Girculus I B K G C.<br />
Turn ob &tam fjpecie<br />
Trajectoriam , dabitur<br />
ratio OH ad 0 I<br />
8r re,&a qua tangit hunt circulum,& tranfit per concurlum crurutn<br />
(71(, B K, ubi crura prima CT, B T concurrunt ad quartum datum<br />
pun&urn erit Regula illa MN cujus ope Trajetioria &h-ibetur.<br />
Unde etiam vicifim Trapezium fpecie datum (fi cafis qt.&<br />
-dam impofibiIes excipiatlrur) in data quavis Se&tone Conica infiribi<br />
poteff,<br />
Sunt 8z alia Lemmata quorum ope TrajeBoria fpecie datz 3<br />
,datis punfiis & tangentibus, defcribi poffunt. -Ejus generis<br />
efi quad > ii re&a linea per punknn quod’vis pofitione datum<br />
ducatur, qure datam ConikBionem in pun&is duObus interfk-<br />
‘cet, & interk&ionum intervallum bii’ecetur, pun&urn biiek’kionis<br />
tan&et aliam Conife&onem ejufdem fpeciei cum priore, atsue<br />
axes hbentem prioris axibus ~arallelos, Sed proper0 ad magis<br />
u.tiIia,
Dantur pofitione tres re&x infiuitx .,&.B, AC, B C, & oporret<br />
triangulum 21 E P ita locare, ut angulus ejus 523 lineam ~4 B,<br />
angulus E lineam AC,<br />
e<br />
zz amzulus F lineam<br />
SC taggat.Super I) E,<br />
_ 23 F & E F defcribe<br />
2ria circulorum k -<br />
nnenta VR*E,fDG 5 ,<br />
EMF, qux capiant<br />
angulos angulis B AC,<br />
AB C, A CB xquales<br />
refpeQive, Dekribandur<br />
autem hxc kgmenta<br />
ad eas partes Iinearum<br />
ZlE,VF, EF ut<br />
literx 2, R E I) eodem<br />
ordine cum literis<br />
,<br />
. ,A B C A, & literx<br />
E MFE eodem cum<br />
literis ACBA in orbem<br />
redeaut j deinde compleantur<br />
11zc fegmenta<br />
in circulos in tegros,Secent<br />
circuli duo<br />
resfemutuoinG,<br />
que centra ,eorum<br />
$i& JunEtis GT,<br />
ca$eGa ad AB<br />
:GT zid T & & cen-<br />
IXO G, intervallo Gd<br />
,defcribe circulum, qui fecet circulum pritiua GE in a. Jtmgattit<br />
gum n 2) . .-@cans circulum fkcundum 2) F G in 6, tum Al $ ficans cir-<br />
N<br />
CalLla
DE<br />
CmlPORU<br />
MOTU<br />
hl<br />
90 PHI~EOSO~PHI~ NATURALIS<br />
culum tertium E MF in C. Et compleatur Figura ABC de f i%xiJlis<br />
& zqualis Figure ab c I) E E. Dice fa&um.<br />
Agatur enim EC ipfi n!D occurrens in n, & jungantur a,G, b.,C;<br />
g&)-Cli”& 8% angulus<br />
a cF xqualis angulo<br />
ACB, adeoque criangulum<br />
n 72 c triarlgul0<br />
.df B C 32quiangulum.<br />
Erg0 af3g~1h~ a nc feu<br />
FlaTI angulo ABC,<br />
adeoque angulo Fb 2)<br />
aqualis eR: j K- propterea<br />
pmLhm B incidit in<br />
p~~m%m b. Pot-r0 ang~dus<br />
GT 2, qui dimidius<br />
eit anguli ad<br />
centrum G T D,xqualis<br />
eft angulo ad circumferentiam<br />
G B ‘2) 5.<br />
& angulus GRT, qui<br />
dimidius efi anguli ad<br />
cfqltrum G$p, X”<br />
qualis efk complemento<br />
ad. duos reQos anguli<br />
ad circumferentiam<br />
G b I), adeoque x-<br />
qualis angulo G b a 3,<br />
funtque ideo triangulaGTL&<br />
Gab Mimiha;<br />
&z Ga eit ad ah
&vv~. Hint re&a duci potefi cujus partes longitudine dac.rrc& B,EZISE<br />
tribus pofitione datis inrcrjacebunt. Concipe Triangulu~~ CD E r;, pn 1 g u a*<br />
pun&k0 2) ad latus E F accedentc, & lateribus ‘DE, 23 .F in di..<br />
reQuni poficis, qwtari in lineam re&m, cujus pars data DE rcceis<br />
pofi-tione da,tis A& AC, & pars data a3 F x-e&is pofitionc da-<br />
& AB, B C interponi debet; 8~ applicando con4htiioncm prx~<br />
cedentem ad hunc,‘cacqm folvetur Jhblcma.<br />
*. ‘PROPOSITIO XXVIII. PRQB,LEMA xx.<br />
Defcribenda fit Traje&oria qua: fit fimilis & zqualis Linez cut--<br />
vz 2) a F, quxque a r&is tribus AB, AC, B C pofitione datis, in<br />
artes datis hujus partibus Z)E & E F fiiiles & xquales<br />
irur.<br />
feca-
PRIbJCI.P.IA ,MATHE-MATICk: 331<br />
bf~~qdalern a!lgulo, B,dB,, fecundurn F’TH. capiat angulum X-<br />
qualem, gg~~lo ,cKD, ac tebum F VI. capiar’angnlum ;~qualem 1k:a”,“6.<br />
gggu1q-J 8 c E., Dekribi ,autel!l debenr fkgmenta ,ad eas pwtes IInearurn<br />
FG, FN, FP; UC literarum FJ’G F idem fit ordo, circular:is<br />
qui Ii.terarum B AD B, utque liters E2HF eodem ordine cum<br />
literis CBB C’, & liter2 FYIF eodem cum literis &CEA. in:or-.<br />
by@eyf., ~omp!e~ntur fegm;yta in circulos incegros, 4tque ‘P<br />
Sntr.um ,,clPr@i,R&-L~ FJG, &$qetitrum f’ecundi:EI”H. Jungatur<br />
& ~~$~KJLI~ prc$&.wat~~r .f;pl@&& in ea capigtur RRin:ea ratiorje ad<br />
fip&quam habet BC ad A.& Capiatur aurem &R ad ens partes<br />
jpurifii gut literarum T, ,$.& X idem fir ardo atque literarum<br />
A,.B, C: centroque& 8-z intervallo pi F dekribatur ckculus quartus<br />
FNc fekans clrculum .@rcium FYI in C. Jungatur .Fc kcans<br />
circuIum primum in a & kcundum in 6. Aganrur n G, b H, c I, Ss<br />
E’igur3: a b cFG NIfimilis confiituatur Figura AB Cfgh5;: Eritquc<br />
‘IYrapeziumfghi illud ipfilm quod confiicuere oportebat.<br />
Secent’ enim circuli duo primi FSG, FTH fi mutuo in I
Pi ‘PHI[‘LOSOPHI~ NATURii~-lS<br />
Producantur AB ad K, & BD ad L, ut fit B K ad AB. &<br />
H1ad GHj 8r: 5D.L ad BD ut GI ad FGj & jungatur K&<br />
occurrens retiaz C E in i. Producatur i L ad &l, UT fit I, M ad t’ L;<br />
ut G H ad HI, & agatur turn MR ipfi L B paralfela r&sque<br />
AZ) occurrens in g, turn 6 t fecans A B, B 13 in f, h. J&xi<br />
fa&um. :<br />
Secet enim Mg reEktam AB in 2, & AfD p&ka~ KI; in S,--&4<br />
agatur A’P qua? fit ipfi B 2) para*IIela & occurrat iL in” T, ‘&<br />
erunt gM ad Lh (gi ad bz’,.Mi ad&i, GI.4 ‘HI, AK ad<br />
.B K) & A.P ad B L in eadeti ratione. Secetur’ ‘ZJ L in A ut fit<br />
&.<br />
.<br />
., ,,<br />
i .-,,~<br />
2> z ad R L in eadem illa ration6 & ob ‘proportionales g $ a$<br />
g‘&f, -AS ad AT, & IIS ad DL; erit; ex zquo, ut!gJa$ ‘l&b it+<br />
AS ad BL; &fpJ ad RLj & mixtim B.t?.d-.&!L ad &.‘h-Bz<br />
,ue AS--Z>S adgS; AS. Id efi BR ad Bb ut A$3 ad Ag a+<br />
eoque ut BED .ad g&$ Et vicifim 23 I?* ad 4 2) ut 2% ad &J& Gzu<br />
f b ad fg. Sed ex cosfiru&ione linea i3.L eadeti ration, G.&a #f&z<br />
in “;D a R atque hea 2U in G & W: ideoque, efi 6’ ,B’D.<br />
ut FH ad FG, Ergd j% eff ad fi ut FHad FG. i&ur<br />
fit: &am gi ad Bi’ut Mi ad L i, id efi, ut GI ad H.G patet li-<br />
.neas F..& Jj ing & b, G & H fimiliter Ee&asaefi. $& 23. x7.<br />
In
PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICS,<br />
3P<br />
Tn confiruQione Corollarii hujus pofiquam ducitur I, [< fecans L I,tR<br />
C,?Sini,producerelicet ;E ad K ut ikETad Ei UC FH ad HI, PKranwaJ<br />
& agere Yf parallelam ipfi BD. Eodem recidit ii centro i, ill..<br />
tervallo 1 H, dcfcribatur circulus Pecans B I> in .X3 & producatur<br />
iX ad & ut fit 5 r aquaI@ ?F, & agatur Tf ipfi B ZI parallela,<br />
, ,IQpblematis hl;l jus folutrones alias Wrennus & ~JKXZzjks ohm excogltatxnt,<br />
* I S<br />
‘,,..<br />
I”R~?OSI.?‘IO XXIX. PROBLEMA XXr.<br />
Defcribenda<br />
4% Traje&xiafit<br />
Line& curvae<br />
curva Linear L;G HI conGmilisl<br />
,.:-(. ’ ., .’ ./ I<br />
r’. ,<br />
,,‘” i .r<br />
:<br />
I,<br />
,,<br />
n<br />
, /,‘,j’<br />
:, (’<br />
. :; .;<br />
I
96 -E’PFm.J3S~.P~HI~’ YiGv-rURAkIS<br />
D~‘MOTU<br />
Schoiium.<br />
conl~or~uu<br />
Ckmitrui etim poteD %oc Problema ut kquitur. JUllEtiS FG,<br />
GH, HI, FI produc G-F ad V, jungeque FH, IG, & angulis<br />
FGH, VFN F ac angulos CAY, CD Al; .iquaIcs. Concufran t<br />
.A? K, AL cum re&a B’D in I< 8c’ %, & inde agantur KM, L Ng<br />
quarum IiTfif confiituat anguium Ifi7KM zqualem angulb GHI;<br />
fitque ad AK uL: eCt HI ad G.Hj & LN conflituat an&urn<br />
AL .N zqualy angulo FH-I, fitque ad AL ut HIad EEL Ducantur<br />
autem AK, Kik& AL, LJT ad eas partes linearum A%&<br />
AK, AL, UC lilerx CAKMC, ALKA, DALN2) eocIem<br />
ordine cuin literis ‘FG k?‘IF in orbem red&t,; si: , a&a MA? OC-<br />
~.currat r&txf-C E h”i. ad’anguluk’i E !P aqkdern >ilti ZGkT;<br />
,’
Sit S umbilicus & A vertex principa-<br />
‘lis Paraboh, fitque 4 AS x M zquale<br />
areas Parabolicz abfcindenda: A 5? S,<br />
ua: radio 823, vel poll excefim corris<br />
de vertice dekripta fuit, vel ane<br />
appulfium ejus ad verticem defcribenda<br />
ek lnnotefcit quantitas arez il-<br />
Bins abfcinde.nda: ex tempore ipfi proportionali.<br />
Bikca AS in 6, erigeque<br />
perpendiculum G H equate 3 M, &<br />
Circulus centro N, interval10 H S<br />
defcriptus fecabit Parabolam in loco<br />
quaefito fp. Nam, demifi ad axem<br />
,:perpendiculari T 0 & duEta !I’H, cfi<br />
AGg+GHq(=HTq=AO - A G : pad + !FGFCG-lT : pd. )=<br />
&I +TOq- 2&40-2GHx ‘PO .+AGq -WHya Urn...<br />
z~ 9-r @Q (=AOq+T,Oq-2GAO) =AQq+$‘=+<br />
TOfjf<br />
Pro AOq fixibe A’0 x TAX- 5 &, applicatis termih omnibus ad<br />
3TOduRijrqueinzAS,fiet:GHXAS(=~AOXTO-CtASXTO<br />
ZE. A”4-3~~TO= *<br />
6<br />
=areae .ZTS, ScdGHerat3”M, &inde$GHX/Seit4ASXM. 1<br />
Ergo area abfiiira AT Saqualis et-? abkindendz 4 AS X M. L&E.?.<br />
Curol. I. Hint G H eit ad A$, ut tempus quo corpus dcfcrlpfir<br />
arcurn RF ad tempus quo corpus defcripfit arcum mter verb<br />
,cern A & perpendiculum ad axem ab umbilico S ere@um.<br />
4A073.SQx l)Ozzareg/i’ApO-S’P 0)<br />
c=or~L 2. Et Circulo AST per corpus motum T perpetuo Era@-<br />
-eunte, velocitas pun&i N efi ad velocitatem quam corpus hbulr<br />
I? in
I<br />
1) E AjO T U in vertice A, UC 3 ad 8; adeoque in ea etiam ratione efi linea G H<br />
“oi”onva’ ad lineam retiam quam corpus tcmpore motus fui ab A ad T, ea<br />
cum velocitare quam habuit in vertice A, defcribere poffet.<br />
coroz. 3, Hint etiam vice verfa invenjri pptefi tempns quo corpus<br />
dekrrpfic arcum quernvis aflignatum AP.. Junge A&P & ad<br />
medium ejus pun&urn erige perpendiculum r&z<br />
.<br />
G H occurrens<br />
in H.<br />
lntra Ovalem dctur punRum,quodvis, circa quad cw ,polum‘rea<br />
voivatur perpetuo linea re&a, uniformi cum motu, & interea in rec.-<br />
ta illa exeat pun&urn mobile de polo, pergatque femper ea cum<br />
velocitate, qua2 fit ut re&az i&us intra Ovalem quadraturn. HOC<br />
motu pun&urn illud defkribet Spiralem gyris in finitis. Jam ii are=<br />
Ovalis a re&a illa abfcifk incrementurn per finitam Equationem<br />
inveniri potefi, invenietur etiam per eandem zquationem difiantia<br />
puntii a polo, quaz huic aren: proportionalis eit, adeoque omnia<br />
Spiralis pun&a per zquationem finitam inveniri pofknt: &Z<br />
propterea re&ta: cujufvis pofitione darz interfe&io cum Spirali invcniri<br />
etiam potefi per aequationem finiram. Atqui re&a omnis<br />
infinite produ&a Spiralem fecat in pun&is numero infinitis, & azquatie,<br />
qua interfeRio aliqua duarum linearurn invenitur, exhibec earum<br />
interfe&iones omnes radicibus totidem, adeoque afcendit ad<br />
tot dimenfiones quot funt interfe&iones. Quoniam Circuli duo fk<br />
mutuo fecant in pun&is duobus, interfk&o una non invenietur<br />
nifi per zquationem duarum dimenfionum , qua interfe&io altera<br />
etiam inveniatur, Qonram duarum fifiionum Conicarum qua&r<br />
effe pofl?lnc interfe&iones, non potef? aiiqua earum generaliter iqvelziri<br />
nifi per aquationem quatuor dimenfro qua omnes iimu1<br />
inveniantur. Nam ii interfe&iones ilk fro quazantur, quo-<br />
LE omnium Zex & cqnditio, idem calculus. ..in cafe<br />
propterea eadem @tilper cone! qw Q$p-. de-<br />
* bet ornnes interfe&iones fimul’c~~.ple&i & mdi#Ferenter exhibere.<br />
.,*.:<br />
,I<br />
-I._i,”,.)<br />
L’ Waade<br />
,<br />
‘A..:-,<br />
.I<br />
. T. 9’ 1<br />
.
de km ~merfettiones Se&ionum Conicarum cy= CurviIrum EGTI :.1 ~<br />
potefiatis, eo quod kx eire poffunt, Gmul prodeurlr pcr LriiIIJ- I> I<br />
knes fex dimenfionum, 8r interfe&-ioncs duarum Curvaru~~, tcTr;s<br />
Potefiatk quia novem e@ pofiunt, fimul prodeunt per ;ycI!IJtiones<br />
dimenfionum novcm. Id nifi necerario fieret, reduccrc irceret<br />
Probfemata omnia Solida ad Plana,& plurquam Sol:dtn aci SO1a.,<br />
da. Loquor hit de Curvis poteitate irrcducibilibus. N~II~ ii X9Lt2-<br />
eio per quam Curva definitur, ad inferiorem porc/tatcm reJ:lci<br />
pofit: Curva non erit unica, fid ex duabus vcl pluribus c~~~pu~i...<br />
ta 3 quarum rnte&&ones per calculos dwcrfos korl;m inveiBiri<br />
@offunt. Ad ewndem modum interkLtiones bins refiarum z< fEi?ionum<br />
Conicarum prodeunc kmper per 6zquationes duarum ciin?crlfionum<br />
5 terna: re&arum & Curvarum irreducibilium terris potcitlatis<br />
er azquationes trium, quaternz re&arum & Curvnsum irrcducibi-<br />
urn quartz potefiatis per aquationes’dimenfionum quatuor, b (ic<br />
In infinitum. Ergo reQiz 8-5 Spiralis interi”eCciones numero iflfinit;~.‘CJce~n8<br />
Curva haze fit fimplex & in Curvas plures irreducibilis, requirursc x.-<br />
quationes numero dimenfionum & radicum infinitas, quibus om ncs<br />
nt fimul exhiberi. Efi enim eadem omnium lex ik idem calculus.<br />
ii a polo in re&am illarn kcantem demitcatur pcrpendiculum,<br />
& perpendiculum iilud una cum f&ante revolvatur circa polum, interk.&iones<br />
Spiralis tranfibunt in fe mutuo,quaque prima erat k~z<br />
grqxima, poit unam revolutionem iecunda crit, pa!.3 duas tertk<br />
8r’ %c deinceps : net interea mutabitur aquatio nifi promutata magnitudine<br />
quantitatum per quas pofitio kcantis dcterminatur. U&e<br />
cum quantitates illa: pofi fingulas revolutiones aedeunt ad magr~iandines<br />
prImas,. zquatio redibie ad formam primam, adeoqw u:~:~<br />
&=mque exhibebit interfe&iones omnes, k propterca. radices bahit<br />
numero infinitas, quibus omnes exhiberi p~fht. xcquic<br />
ergo interfe&io re&az & Spiralis per zquationem fikm generaliger<br />
inveniri, & id&o nulla extat Ovaiis cujus area, rcfiis impcratis<br />
abfcira, pofit per talem Equationem generaker cxhiberi.<br />
Eodem argumentotYi intervallum poli & pun&i, qu? Spirnlis debitur,<br />
capiatur Ovalis perimetko abf’kiffk proportlon& prod<br />
i potefi quod longitudo perimetri nequie per finitam zquationem<br />
generaliter exhiberi. De Ovalibus autem hit loquor qu:r non<br />
tanguntur a figuris conjugatis in infinitum pergentibus.
P<br />
100 . r<br />
Da Moru<br />
CUUPOUUM<br />
Corollarium.<br />
Wine area Ellipfeos , qua: radio ab umbilico ad corpus 9obiIe<br />
du&to defizribitur , non prodit ex dato tempore, per zequatlonem<br />
finitam; st ropterea per defcriptionem Curvarum Geometrrce rationalium<br />
J eterminari nequit. Curvas Geometrice , rationales aqpello<br />
quarum puntia omnia per longitudines z,quationrbus de.finl:<br />
tas, id efi, per longitudinum rationes complrcatas3 cY!etermxnan<br />
poffunt 5 cxtcrafque (ut Spirales, Quadratrices, Trocholdes) Gee.-<br />
metrice irrationales. Nam longitudines qw lint vel non funt ut<br />
numerus ad numerum (quemadmodum in decimo ~l~ementorum)<br />
funt Arithmetice rationales veI irrationales. Aream lgitur E!lipfeos<br />
tempori proportionalem abfcindo per Curvam Geometrlce lrratwaalem<br />
ut Irequitur,<br />
Ellipfeos ~$23 ~3 fit A vertex principal& S umbilicus, 8~ 0’<br />
centrum, fkque P corporis locus inveniendus, Produc Qd ad G,.<br />
IIF fit 0 G adOA ut O.&ad 0 S. Erige perp
CP<br />
E<br />
G Ic’ in ratione ad Rota: perimetrum GE FG, ut LtBER<br />
efi -ternpus quo corpus progrediendo ab A defcripfit arcum AT, ad I-J RI M vi”<br />
rempus revolutionis unius in Eilipfi. Erigatur perpendiculum K L<br />
occurrens Trochoidi in L, & a&a L T ipG I( G parallela occwxt<br />
Ellipfi in corporis loco qwfito P.<br />
Nam centro 0, intervallQ 0.4 defcribatur fimicirculus R.gB,<br />
& arcui A&occurrat LP produaa in g,.junganturque S&O $&<br />
.,&cui E FG occurrat ORin F, & ineandem Ogdemittatur peryendiculum<br />
S R. Area A PS efi ut area A.&S, id efi> ut diffe;<br />
rentia inter ie&orem 0,&!&A & triangulum 0 RS, five ut differentia<br />
reQangulorum :O,$&xAE& iO&x5'R, hoc e&.ob datam.<br />
3 0 &?V& ut differentia inter arcurn A&& reQam S R,adeaque (ob<br />
aequalitatem datarum rationum SR ad finurn arcus A& 0 9 ad 0 A,<br />
(j Aad 0 G, A&d G F, & divifim AeS.R ad G F-fin, arc.AZQ<br />
ut G K differentia inter arcurn’ G F & hnum arcus A& &QE. D.,<br />
zterums. cum difficikfit hujus’Curva defcriptio, pm&at folu~<br />
nem vero proximam adhibere. Inveniatur turn angulus quidam-<br />
) qui fit ad angulum graduum 57,29$78. quem arcus radio azqualis,<br />
fibtendit, ut eit umbilicorum difiantia SH ads Ellipkos diamw<br />
trum A B 5 turn etiam longitudo quedam L, qua fitad radium in:.<br />
eadem ratione inverfe. Q$bw el inventis, Problema deinceps I<br />
confit per kquentem AnaIyGn. r confiru&ionem quamvis .(vek.<br />
utcunque conjecturam<br />
faciendo )”<br />
cognofkacur corporis<br />
locus T proximus<br />
vero ejus locog.DemiKaque<br />
ad:<br />
axem Ellipfeos ordinatim<br />
applicata<br />
P 2% ex proportione<br />
diametrorum<br />
applicata R &qua? finus e! anguli $0 &xi-<br />
SufFicit angulum illum rude calculo mnumeris .’<br />
proximis invenire, ognofcatur etiam angulus tempori propo+:<br />
tionalis$,
102 . P’HI:LOSOPMIE NA RAEIS<br />
DE MoTu tionalis, id efi, qui fit ad quatuor re30sj u tempus quo corpus<br />
c ORPOKU hl deriripfit arcum Ap9 ad tempus revolutionis unius in Ellipfi. Sit<br />
angulus i&z N. Tum capiatwr & angulus D ad angulum B, ut<br />
eit finus ilte anguli A02 ad radium, & angulus E ad angulum<br />
N -AO &+ I), UC eit longitude L ad longirudinem eandem L<br />
CO~U anguli A 0 g diminutam , ubi angulus ifie re&o minor eft,<br />
au&m ubi major. Poitea capiatur turn angulus F ad angulum B,<br />
ut efi finus anguli AOg+ E ad radium, ‘turn angulus G ad angulum<br />
N-AOg- E +F ut eit longitudo L ad Iongitudinem eandem<br />
CO~~IILI anguli A0 $&+ E diminutam ubi anguIus ifie re&ominor<br />
efi, au&am ubi major. Tertia vice capiatur anguIus ff ad angulum<br />
B, ut efi Gnus anguli A0 g+ E + G ad radium 5 & angulus<br />
I ad angulum N-AOR-- E - G $Ws ut efi longitudo L ad<br />
eandem longitudinem cofirm anguli A 0 g + E + G dimiautam,<br />
ubi angulus ifie re-<br />
Qo minor efi, auctam<br />
ubi major. Et<br />
fit pergere licet in<br />
infinitum. Denique<br />
capiatur angu-<br />
IUS AOq aequa!is<br />
angulo A 0 R+ E<br />
+G+I+ &cm e t<br />
ex cofinu ejus Or<br />
& ordinatap r,quz<br />
eit ad finurn ejus A.<br />
qr ut Ellipfeos axis minor ad axem majorem, habebitur corporis<br />
locus correkus p. Si quando arigulus N - A 0 R+ I.3 negarivus<br />
efi, debet Signum +ipGus E ubique mutari in -, & Signum- In-/-. ’<br />
ldem intelligendum efi de fignis ipforum G & 1, ubi anguli<br />
N-AO~--EEFF, &N -AOR-E-G+H negativiprodeunt.<br />
convergic autem &es infinira A 0 g-+ E + G + I + kc. quam<br />
celerrime, adeo ut vix unquam opus fuerit ultra progredi quam<br />
ad terminus kcundum E. Et fundatur calculus in hoc Theorem<br />
mate, quad area A T S fit ut differentia inrer arcpm A $&<br />
r&am ab umbilico<br />
miffam.<br />
S in Radium 0 R perpendicuIariter de-<br />
Non difimili calculo .con,fkitur Problema in Hyperbola. Sit<br />
ejus ~entrurn.0, Vertex A, Umbilicus S & Afymptotos Q K. Cognofcatur
INC<br />
log<br />
llofcatur quanti!as arex abfcindendz tempori proportio~alis, sit ea<br />
l,I BL’R<br />
A, & fiat con@ura de pofitione re&a s p. qurr: aream AT s P u r t4U Sa<br />
abkindat vera proximam. Jungatur<br />
0 P3 & ab A & T ad<br />
~fymptoton agantur AP; T IC<br />
Afymptoto alteri parallek, & per<br />
‘I’abulam Logarithmorum dabitur<br />
Area A.TK P, eique xqualis<br />
area 0 PA, quz fkbdu6k-a de triangulo<br />
0 P Srelinquet aream ablfciffam<br />
AfPS. Applicando are=<br />
abfkindendz A & abfiiffa: RT J’ o<br />
differentiam duplam z A T&-z A<br />
vel z A- z A*P S ad Iineam SN, qua ab umbilico S in tangentem<br />
P T perpendicularis eR, orietur longitudo chords Tg Infcribatur<br />
autem chorda illa I> Einter A & P, fi area abkiffa AT%<br />
major fit area abfcindenda A, fetus ad pun&i T contrarias parks:<br />
& pun&urn q erit locus corporis accuratior. Et computatione<br />
rep&a invenietur idem accuracior in perpetuum.<br />
Atque his calculis Problema generaliter confit Analytice.<br />
rum ufibus Afironomicis accommodatior efi calculus particu<br />
qui fequitur. Exifientibus .40, 0 Bs 0 23 kmiaxibus Ellipkos,&<br />
L ipfius latere re&o, ac D diff’erentia inter femiaxem minorem 0 ‘2p<br />
& lateris re&i iemiffem f L j quare turn angulum Y, cujus fifwfit<br />
ad Radium ut efi re&angulum<br />
f’ub difl’erentia illa D, &<br />
km&mma axium A0 + 0 2;,<br />
w<br />
ad quadratum axis majoris AB ;.<br />
fum angulum 55, cujus finus<br />
fit ad Radium ut efi +pIuk<br />
re&angulum fub urn bilicoruq<br />
difiantia S 23 k difFerentia<br />
illa D ad triplum quadrarum A s 0 H 13<br />
fimiaxis majoris n 0. His.<br />
angulis fkmel invenris j locus corporis fit deinceps dkterminabitur.<br />
Sume angulum T proportionalem tempori quo arcus B ‘F defcriptus<br />
e& ku motui mcdio ( ut loquuntur ) aqualem j & at~guld~~:<br />
V ( primam medii motus xquationem) ad angulum Y (azqu$onem<br />
maximam primam) ut efi finus dupli anguli T ad Radmm I.<br />
,atque.
3! ok+ P~HILQSQPHIfi ~T’~~~~~<br />
DE MO TU atque. angulum X (zequationem kcundam) ad angulum 2. (gquas<br />
cQRPoRU~ fionem maximam fecundam) ut efi cubus hus angull T ad cubom<br />
Radii. AnguIorum T, V, X vel fummz T + X + V3 ii angulus<br />
T,retto minor efi, vel differencia T +X - V, fi is re&o major eit<br />
reC5ticque duobus minor, zqualem cape angulum B HT (mo#3,&l<br />
medium azquatum ; ) &, fi H T occurrat Ellipii in T, a&a J’P ab-<br />
.fcindet aream B ST tempori proportionalem quamproxime. Wac<br />
Praxis fatis expedita videtur,<br />
propterea quod anguloru? perexiguorum<br />
V Sr X (in mlnutis<br />
i<br />
D<br />
z<br />
:Skcundis, li placer, pofitorum)<br />
!<br />
:<br />
.figuras eduas terfve primas invenire<br />
rufficit. Sed & fatis accuraca<br />
eit ad Theoriam Planetarum.<br />
Nam in Orbe vel Martis<br />
ipfius,cujus Equatio ten tri ma- A S I-1<br />
xima elt graduum decem, error<br />
vix fuperabit minutum unum<br />
fecundurn. Invent0 autem angulo motus medii zquati B HP, an-,<br />
gulus vcri moeus BST & difiantia ST in promptu funt per<br />
IYardi methodurn noti0imain.<br />
Ha&enus de Motu corporum in lineis Curvis. Fieri autem poteft<br />
UC mobile reLZa dcfiendat vel re8-a afcendat, & quz ad ifiiufi<br />
modi Motus fjeflant, pergo jam exponere.
XII. PROBLE,,IA XXI-V,<br />
4%. I, Si Corpus non cadit perpendicu-<br />
Iariter defcribet id, per Coral. 1. Prop. XXII,<br />
Se&ionem aliquam Conicam cujus umbilicus<br />
congruit cum centro virium. Sit] Secaio<br />
illa Conica AR PI3 & umbilicus ejus S.<br />
Et primo ii Figura EllipGs efi, f@Fr hwjus<br />
axe maSore AB defcribatur Semrcwculus<br />
RD 23,’ & per corpus decidens trankat rec-<br />
ta 23 T C perpendicularis ad axem; a&ifque<br />
93 8, T S erit area ASZ) are= ASP atgue<br />
.adeo etiam tempori proportionalis. h/lanente<br />
axe AB minuatnr perpctuo latitude<br />
EIIipCeos, & kmper manebit area A S I><br />
tempori proportionalis. Minuatu! latitude<br />
illa in infinitum: &, Orbe APB jam corncidente<br />
cum axe AB & umbilico S cum<br />
axis termino B P defkendet- corpus in retia<br />
~- _<br />
AC, & area AB “u evadet temporl progortionalis.<br />
Dabitur itaque Spatium A. C9<br />
quad corpus ,de loco A perpendicularlter<br />
cadendo tempore data dek-ribit, fi mode tempori proportiona-<br />
Bis capiatur area A.,B 59, &.I a pun&o D ad re&am A B den+<br />
~atur perpendicularis DC. Z&E. I.
1 sG Y’HILOS~D~~I~ %!A<br />
11 E LYI cl ‘r u ~2s. 2, Si Figurn illa RT B Hyperbola efi, defcribatur ad ease;<br />
i~YoR*‘VRUbI dcm diametrum principalem A B Hyperbola re&angula. B Z;: D :<br />
& quoniam arcz CR?, CBf P, SPf B finr ad areas CSDa<br />
cfi ED, S’D ER, fingul~ ad Gng&, in data ratione akit&=<br />
num CP, C’D j & area S’PfB<br />
proportionalis cfi tempori quo<br />
corpus T movebitur per arcum<br />
(Pf B; erit etiam area SWEEB cidem<br />
tempori proportionalis.<br />
Minuatur Iatus r&urn Hyper- ’<br />
bolz R T B in infinitum mancnre<br />
here tranfverfo, & coibit<br />
arcus 2) B cum reQa CB & urnbilicus<br />
S cum verrice B & relfta<br />
.:*<br />
Sfl, cum r&h BD. Proindc a-
~~~~CN?IA MAATHE~A-~IcA. 107<br />
ham fecet communemillam diametrum AB (fi opus ee prod~~~;am:; L I 8 ? x<br />
in 7; fitque S Tad hanc retiam, & B$&ad ‘si;,,<br />
E’ x : rl ” SE<br />
hanc diametrum perpendicularis, atque Figu- ::.<br />
rz R TB htus re&um ponatur L. Conftat t..,<br />
per Car. pg Prop, XVI, quod corporis in !.,.<br />
hea RPB circa centrum S moventis velo- !,<br />
citas in loco quovis T fit ad velocitatem COC- / I.<br />
poris intervallo ST circa idem centrum Circulum<br />
deh-ibentis in fiubduplicata ratione recrtanguli<br />
5 L xST ad STquadratum. Efi autern<br />
ex Conicis ACB ad CT 4 ut z A0 ad L,<br />
ST94 x A0<br />
adeoque<br />
zquale L. Ergo ve-<br />
ACB<br />
locitates illa funt ad invicem in fubduplicata<br />
CTqxA OxST<br />
ratione<br />
ad STqwd Por-<br />
ACB<br />
ro ex Conicis efi CO ad 230 ut B 0 ad TO,<br />
& compofite vel divifim ut CB ad B T.<br />
Unde vel dividend0 vel componendo fit<br />
BO-vel+CO ad BO ut CT ad ST, id eft<br />
CTqXAO)(SP<br />
ACadAOutCTadB~jindeque<br />
aquale et?<br />
ACB<br />
J3gq x ACxS~ Minuatur jam in infhitum Figura R PB latitu-<br />
AOxBC’ -<br />
do CT, fit ut pun&urn T coeat cum qnn3.o C, pun&umque Scum<br />
pun&o & 8.z linea ST cum linea f c) lu?eaque S I’ cum !inea B &,<br />
a corporis jam re&a defcendentrs in lmca CF velocltas Fet ad<br />
velocitatem corporis centro B intervallo B C Grc,ulum,defccnbentis,<br />
BL$q xACxS*P<br />
in fibduplicata ratione ipIius<br />
-adSQ,hoceit(neg-<br />
AOxBC<br />
leeis aqualitatis rationibus ST ad B C 8c BZQ ad STq) in fubduplicata<br />
ratione AC ad A0 five.$ AB. A& ~5, 59.<br />
Coroj, I, Pun&is 23 & S cowntibus:, fit TC ad TS ut AC<br />
id AO.<br />
duplam<br />
1 &&, 2’. Corpus ad &tam a centro difiantiam in Circulo quo-<br />
+is revolveng hotu {IO furfim verfo afkendet ad<br />
centro dtiantiam. ,: :,j<br />
Pz<br />
FROPO-<br />
ham a
IGQ ~H~EOSOPHI~ NATURALIS<br />
I>f. h'!OTU<br />
C~liPORUhS PROPOSIT~O XXXlV. THEOREMA X.<br />
Si fip~a B E D Pmdbojld e/!, dko<br />
good cu~potir cud&s<br />
C~WO<br />
Velocitbrs<br />
in ho quo;vis c qudi.f qz<br />
q;eIocitnti qu corpw B<br />
p0td-L<br />
dhzh?o Plltewallifui B C Cir-<br />
CZ&‘UUZ uniformiter d$cribcre<br />
Nam corporis ParaboIam-<br />
I? FB. circa centrum S defcribentis<br />
velocitas in loco quovis<br />
T ( per Coral. 7. Prop, XVI) Z-<br />
qualis efi velocitati corporis di+<br />
midio intervalli ST Circulum circa<br />
idem centrum S uniformiter<br />
defcribenhs. Minuatur farabolx<br />
latitude C?? in infinitum eo> ut<br />
arcus Parabolicus Tf B cum recta<br />
CB, celltrum S cum vertice B,<br />
& intervallum. ST cum intervallo B C coincidat, 8~ confiabit Prp<br />
politio, 4 E, I).<br />
P-R0POSITIO XXXV. THEOREMA: XL.<br />
N~III eoncipe corpus C quam minima eernpori’s partkula lineofan<br />
C’s cadendo defcribere, & interea corpus aliud K3 uniform&<br />
ter in Circulo 0 .K k. circa centrum. S. gyrando, arcum KR de&ihere..<br />
Erigantu,r perpendicula C I>, c d occurrentia Figurzz ,m 25 S<br />
in 2), d. Jungantur SD, Sd, SK, Sk & ducatu;. “D.d axi .A.$ ochens<br />
in TI Sr; ad earn demittatur perpendiculum ST:<br />
‘* , cafi
~46 1. Jam fi Figura 2) ES Grcuhs efi vel Hyperbola, birece-<br />
L InEt<br />
tur’ejus tranfverfa diameter AS in 0, Sr: erit<br />
PRIMU E*<br />
J 0 bimidium lateris reQi. Et quouiam efi A<br />
TC ad 71) utCcadD& & T”W adTSut<br />
C D ad ST, erit ex xquo T C ad TS ut<br />
C!DXCC ad STxZId, SedperCorol. r.Prop.<br />
XXXIXI~ eft TC ad %S ut AC’ ad A03 puta fi<br />
in coitu pun@corum D, d capiantur linearurn<br />
rationes ultima. Ergo AC elt: ad (A0 f&)J’K<br />
ur C 59 x Cc ad S I+ x 59 d. Porro corporis<br />
dehndentis velocitas in C efi ad velocitacem<br />
corporis Circulum interval10 SC circa centrum<br />
S dei‘cribentis in fubduplicata ratione<br />
AC ad (A 0 vel) SK (per Prop, xxxxlI.) Et<br />
IXEX velocitas ad velocitarem corporis defiribentis<br />
Circulum Q Kk in fubduplicata rarione<br />
S .K ad SC per Cor. 6. Prop. 1 v, & cx xquo V~Ocitas<br />
prima ad ultimam, hoc eR lineo!a Cc ad<br />
arcurn J
DC hloru<br />
CorroRuM<br />
i?ROPQSITI’O XXXVI. PROBLEMA xX=$?<br />
~~pris de ho data A dentis determinare Temporn<br />
deJcexJtis.<br />
Super diamccro AS (diftantia corporis a centro<br />
filb initio j dcfcribe Scmicirculum AD S, ue 8r<br />
huic xqualem Semicirculum 0 K H circa centruQ<br />
S. De corporis loco quovis C erige ordinatim applicatnm<br />
CD. Junge $9, & are= A SD xqualem<br />
conftitue fe&orem 0 S K, Patet per Prop.<br />
xxxv3 quod corpus cadendo dekribet fpatium AC<br />
codem Tempore quo corpus aliud uniformiter cir&<br />
ca centrum S gyrando, defcribere po tefi arcum<br />
OK. SE. F:<br />
Exeat corpus de loco dato G Eecundum<br />
lineam ASG cum velocimte quacunque.<br />
In duplicata ratione hujus velocitatis ad<br />
uniformem in Circulo velociratem, qua corpus<br />
ad in tervallum datum 5’ G circa ten trum<br />
S revolvi poifet , cape GA ad 5 A S.<br />
Si ratio illa eit numeri binarii ad unitatern,<br />
punfium A infinite dikt, quo ca-<br />
Si Parabola vertice 8, axe SC, latere quovis<br />
retie dekribenda elt. Patet hoc per<br />
Prop. xxxw. Sin ratio illa minor vel major<br />
efi quam z ad I~ priore cafu Circulus,<br />
pofieriore Hyperbola reQangula lizper diametro<br />
S A dekribi deber. Patee per<br />
.Prop. xxx1 II, Turn centro J’, intervallo<br />
zquante dimidium lateris re&i, defcribatur<br />
@ircuIus H-K’,& 8t ad corporis afiendentis<br />
vel defcendentis loci duo quzvis G,C,<br />
xrigantur perpendicula G I, C’il) occurrentia<br />
Conic&eQioni vel Circulo in I ac 21.
ein jun&iS S 6, S 57, fhnt fegmentis SE IS, SE23 S, feel<br />
tares HSK, HS k XqUil’eS, & per Prop. xxxv, corpus G defrri- PLK:i’th<br />
bet fpatium G C eodem Tempore quo corpus X dekribere potefi<br />
arcum KR. S&E, 8’.<br />
Cadat corpus de loco quovis R iixundum<br />
reQam ASj & ceutro virium S, intervallo<br />
AS, defiribatur Circuli quadrans<br />
A E, fitque CD finus re&us arcus cujufiris<br />
AD j St corpus A, Tempore AI), ca-f<br />
dendo defcribe!: Spatium AC, inque loco,<br />
C acquirer Velocitatem CB.<br />
Demonhatur eodem modo ex Propofitione<br />
x1 quo Propofitio XXXII, ex Propofitione<br />
XI demo&rata fui t.<br />
curol. I’. Hint xqualia Gun t Tempora quibus corpus unum de loco<br />
A cadendo pervenit ad centrum S, & corpus aliud revolvendo dehibit<br />
arcum quadrantalem AD E.<br />
Cwol. 2. Proinde zqualia fiint Tempora omnia quibus corpora de<br />
locis quibufvis ad urque centrum cadunt. Nam revolventium tenaP<br />
pora omnia periodica (per Carol. 3, Prop. IV.) zquantur.
-I 1 $2 P~HIUXKH'H~~ NATURALIS<br />
BrMoru<br />
COLPORVH ~fROPOSlTI0 XXXIXe PROBLEMA XXVII:.<br />
De 10~0 quovis A in retia A?D E c cadat COFPuS E, deque loco<br />
ejus E erigatur fernper perpendicularis<br />
quam<br />
EG, v1 c~~~tripet~ in lQC”<br />
ill0 ad centrum C tendenti proporh<br />
nalis: Sitque B FG linea curva<br />
pun&am G perpetuo tangit. CoincL<br />
dat autem E G ipfo motes initio cum<br />
perperldiculari AB, & erit‘corporis Ve-<br />
Iociras in loco quovis E ut area curvihez<br />
AB G E latus quadratum.<br />
&E. I.<br />
In E G capiatur EM Iateri quad&-<br />
‘to are2 AB G E reciproce proportionaiis,<br />
& fit AL M linea curva quam<br />
pun&urn Mperpetuo tangit,& erit Tempus<br />
quo corpus cadendo defcribit Iineam<br />
A E ut area curvilinea AL ME.<br />
$i$ Es 1.<br />
Etenim in reQa AE capiatur linea<br />
quam minima 53 E data longitudinis,<br />
Gtque D L F locus line= E NG ubi<br />
corpus verfabatur in D ; & fi ea fit vis centripeta, ut arez AB GE<br />
Hiatus quadratum iit yt defcyxlentis velocitas, erit area ipfa in drrplicata<br />
ratione velocltatis, id efi, ii pro velocitatibus in 3 & .B<br />
fcribantur V & V +I,erit area AB FD ut VV, & area ABGE ut<br />
VV~+~Vh-~L &I divifim area ZW'GE ut 2 VI +II, a&oque<br />
ZIFGE zVl+Ii<br />
DE “-7XE ----3 id efi, fi prims quantitatum naTcentium<br />
raciones fumantur, Iongitudo 2) F ut quantitas - 2vx -<br />
$ adeoque e-<br />
DT ’<br />
.$arn ‘ut qrrantitatiS hujus dimidium IXV<br />
DE”<br />
autem tempus 9~0<br />
corpus
PRI~CIl?IA<br />
MATHEMATICA,<br />
115<br />
CQrpus cadendo ckfiribit Iineolam I) E, ur heola illa dire+ e: ?,, I tK<br />
.velocitas V ilIver& efique vis Ut Velocitatis incremencum 1 dir&c Px i w ill.<br />
&‘%m~Pus inverk adeoque fi primx nafcentium rationcs fim~an-<br />
tur:, ut $j-$ 3 h 0~ efi, ut longitudoB3’. Ergo Vis ipfi DE vcl~~<br />
PrOpOrtiOna~is facit ut corpus ea cum Vclocirate def&dar quz fir<br />
-ut area: AB GE latus quadratum. &E. 2).<br />
Porro cum ternpus, quo quxlibet longitudinis datrt: linc& DE<br />
defiribatur, fit ut velocitas inverk adeoque ut ares ABFZ) laclls<br />
quadratum inverfi j fitque 92 L, acque adeo area nafcens 2, L~JE,<br />
ut idem laws quadraturn inverfe : crit cempus UC area 9 L JfE, k<br />
4bmma omnium temporum ut fumma omnium arearum, hoc eft<br />
(.per &rol. Lem. xv) Ternpus torum quo linea AE del‘cribirur LX<br />
area tota AM E. .& E. 5%<br />
C?WPI. F; Si T fit locus de quo corpus cache debet, ut, urgente<br />
aliqua utliformi vi centripeta llota (qualis vulgo i‘upponitur<br />
Gravitas) velocitatem acquirat in loco *D zqualem veiocitnci<br />
quam corpus aliud vi quacunque cadens acquifivir eodem locoD,<br />
& in perpendiculari DF capiatur 13 Ai, qux Gt ad I) F UC vis illa<br />
uniformis ad vim alteram in loco 53, & compleatur reflangulum<br />
‘2 2) R & eique aqualis abfcindatur area A B FqD 5 erit A locus<br />
de ‘quo corpus alterum cecidit. Namque corn Ieto rcfian@o<br />
99 .R S E, cum fit area ABFD ad aream D P GE ue V Icf ad<br />
z V I, adeoque ut IV 1 ad I, id eR, ut femifis velocitatis totius<br />
ad incrementurn velocitatis corporis vi insquabili cadentis; & iimiliter<br />
area T E&f 2) ad are;am ?>$?I?,!? ut fern& velocitaris totius<br />
ad incrementurn velocltatis corporis uniformi vi cadentis,<br />
fintquc incrementa illa (, ob zqualitatem temporum nafcentium ><br />
ut: vires generatrices, id efi, UC ordinarim ap,plicatx ?) Fj ‘D-k<br />
zquan<br />
adeoque ut.are= nafcenres fD FG E, 2) R S P: 5 erunt (ex zc1UO)<br />
arek tota: 19 BFD, T ,&3R D ad invicem ut kmiifes totarum ve-<br />
10Clt~tUIl~, & propterea (ob squalitatem velocitarum)<br />
coral. f Unde fi corpus quodlibec de loco quocullquc ‘II data<br />
cum veloeitate vel furlrum vel deor&m projiciatur, 6r dctnr Icx vis<br />
centripetg, invenietur velocitas ejus in alio quovis loco Ed erigendo<br />
ordinatam eg, & capiendo velocitatem illam ad VehitaWm in<br />
loco 2) ut ee latus quadraturn rc&anguli T 2 I? 9 area curvihnea<br />
59 Fg e vel au& c locus e e5 IOCO 7) inferior, 1x1 diminu$<br />
G is Cuperior efi3 a d latus quadrarum rehanguli fobs *P&J “D, Id<br />
---<br />
e~,ut 4 ~p~Zt~+veI--‘D F@ ad JFS?$ De<br />
Carol.<br />
Q
1x4 PHIL~~~PHI~~ NATURALN /<br />
1jE &~liioTU Coroj. 3, Tempus quoque innoteflcet erigendo ordinatam em re- ’<br />
C~R~ORUS ciproce p~o17ortiodem lateri quadrato ex T’RR D+vel--22 $“g 6,<br />
& capicndo rcn~pus quo corpus defcrlpfit lineam De ad temptis<br />
quo corpus altcrum vi unitiormi cecidit a T & cadendo pervenit ad<br />
“D, UC area curvi3inen 53 t m e ad reQanguIum t T D x I) I,. Nrrriquc<br />
tcmpus quo corpus vi uniformi defcendens de&ripfit: heam<br />
;~u”I) efi ad ternpus quo corpus idcm dekripfit lineam ‘PE in fubduplic;lta<br />
rationc P‘SB ad FE, id efi (lineola 2) E jamjam nafcentcj<br />
in mionc F2) ad PD-++ DE feu zPD ad zTD+D.Ep<br />
&z’ divih~, a,d cempus quo corpus idem dekripfit lineolam DE<br />
LIS 2 P 59 ad ‘9 E9 adeoque ut re&angulum 2 T ‘B x “%, L ad aream<br />
I) L LU,E ; eiique tempus quo corpus utrumque defcripiit linedlam<br />
‘27I E ad rcmpus quo corpus alterum in;equabili mdtu dekripc<br />
fit lineam I) e u t area D L ME ad aream ‘33..L me, & ex aqua<br />
tcmpus primum ad tcmpus ultimum ut re&angulum t TtD xfo L.<br />
ad aseam 53 L me.<br />
IIt ff-2~2tio72e, Orbiurn in quibas corporu Yiribus guibufcmqtie cem- /<br />
trip&s agituta vevohuntur.<br />
i<br />
i<br />
PR,OPOS:+I’IO XL. TWEOREkfA XIII. /<br />
Si ~0rpf.0, cogem Vi guacmqtie cefihpeta,<br />
mweatur utcunque, &<br />
GOrpUS ahdrefiia ascendat wEdeJce&zt, Jintpe eorum Vekocita~<br />
tcs in alipo quakwn ulti~udinum taJ4 &pales, Yelocitates eor#m<br />
Z+J onmibm qualibus altitz4dhihs ersknt quakes.<br />
Defcendat corpus aliquod ab A per ‘D, E, ad centrum C, &<br />
moreatur corpus aliud a Yin linea curva TIKk, Centro C intervallis<br />
quibuivis dekribanmr circuli concentrici 53 I, E K ‘r&x<br />
AC in D & E, cwrveque PIK in I & K occurrenres. JGngatur<br />
IC occurrens ipfi KE in A?; & in IK demittatur perpetidiculum<br />
ATTj fitque circumferentiarum circulorum intervalhum 22 E<br />
veI Sdkr qwam minimum, &.habeane corpora in 22 & ,.I.v$oci&<br />
Itcz$
tks zquales. Qykam difitantiz CD, CI aquantur, cramt vi- I,? a;F?<br />
res centripetaz in TI & I aquales. IExponantur 1132 vircs per tt’- 4”~ J13 6.<br />
qUdM lineolas 2) E,, 1 N j Sr fi vis una IN (per Legurn Coral. 2.j<br />
refolvatur in duas .A?? & dT, vis XT, agenda feclrndunl lincani<br />
NT corporis curfui IT& perpendicularem, nil mutabic veloeitagem<br />
corporis in curfu illo, ted retrahet folummodo corpus a curfu<br />
re&ilineo, facictque ipfum de Orbis tangente perpetuo dcfle
116 rW1:IBwX’Hr~ NATURALIs<br />
DZMOTU<br />
porum velocitates in E & I! & eodem arguFento.femper reperi-<br />
COtlPORUh4<br />
entur xquales in fitbkquentibus zqualibus dhn.tns. $I& E. ‘Da<br />
Sed & eodem argument0 corpora xquivelocia & zequaliter a centro<br />
difiantia, in akenfu ad zquales. difiantias xqualiter retarda-<br />
buntur. g&E.D.<br />
&rol. T. Hint fi corpus vel fknipendulum okilletur ) Vel iTi=-.<br />
pediment0 quovis politifimo Sr perfe&e lubrico cogatur in -<br />
Thea curva move& & corpus aliud re&a afiendac vel defkendaty<br />
Gntque velocitates eorum in eadem quacunque altitudine zquale~+:<br />
erunc velocitates eorum in aliis quibukunque zqualibus altitudrni<br />
bus zquales. Namque impediment0 vafis abfolute lubrici idem<br />
przritatur quod vi tranfverfa NT, Corpus eo. “on retardatur,<br />
non. accel.eratur, Ced tanturn cogitur de curfu re&hneo difcedere.<br />
GwaL 3. Ehc etiam fi quantitas P fit maxima a centro dif%arri<br />
zia, ad quam corpus.vel oi’cillans vel in TrajeQoria quacunque rs-.<br />
volvens, dequk quovis TrajeEtorik pun&o, ea quam ibi habet<br />
velocitate furfum proje&um afiendere pofit ; fitque quantitas A<br />
difiantia~ ccwpotis .a centro in alio quovis Orbita: pun&o, & vis<br />
cestripeta kmper’ fit ut ipfius, A dignitas quaelibet An- 1, cujus.<br />
Index %-I efi nwnerus. quilibet a anitate diminutus; velocitas<br />
crrrporis in omni- altitudine. A erit ut d/Fn -An, atque adeo da+<br />
mr. Namque Lelohas re&a afcendentis ac defcendentis ‘(per. Prop.<br />
~xxxrx) efi in hat. ipfk ratione..<br />
. ..“” “‘W .<br />
.PRO;PO+.
PROI’OSLTIO XLI. PROE3LElh4A XXVIII.<br />
PKIMUS<br />
PO& c~‘~~ctingue genetis Yi ceT&$peta & conce$ts Figwwum<br />
curcvilinersriwz qtiadraturis, requirmtur turn Trajcfforif.9 in quilks<br />
corpora mozlebuntur, turn Tempera mattim in, Traje@oriis<br />
Inwntis.<br />
Tendat vis qualibet ad centrum C & invenienda fit TrajeQoria<br />
V..UKk. Detur Circulus YXT centro C interval10 quovis CV<br />
defcriptus, centroque eodem defcribantur alii quivis circuli. I’D,<br />
K.E? ‘Z”raje&oriam fecantes in J & K re&amque CV in 2> & E.<br />
Age turn reQam CN1X fecantem circulos KEY Irvin N& X9<br />
turn re&am CKT occurrentem circulo VXr in IK Sint autem<br />
pun&a 1 & K fibi invicem vicinifflma, & pergat corpus al., Yper<br />
I; T & I< ad k; fitque pun8wn A locus ilk de quo corpus aliud<br />
cadere debet ut in loco I) velocitatem acquirat aqualem velocitagi<br />
corporis prioris- in I j & fiantibus guz in Propofitione XXXIX~<br />
lineola IK, dato tempore quam minimo defcripta, erit ut velochs<br />
atque adeo ut latus quadratum are= AB FD, & triangulurn<br />
ICK tempori proportionale dabitur, adeoque &ZN erit reci-..<br />
proee ut altitudo IC, id e”; ii detnr quantltas aya Q & alti-<br />
t&o lC nominetur- A, ut x. Hanc quantitatemx rrominemus Z,<br />
8z ponamus earn effe magnitudinem iphs Q.ut* fit in aliquo,<br />
c&u, J J$BFP ad 2 UC elt: I I< ad K N, & errt ~1 omm cafu<br />
~AB.FrDadZut1Kad.iTN, &ABFD ad22 ut IKq.adKNq.?<br />
& divifim A B.FV- ZZ ad 222 ut IN qzd ad KN quad, ad-<br />
Q<br />
eoque dAB.FD-Z Z ad (Z ceu)-Iz. UP Ix ad KN, & propterex<br />
Q-xIN<br />
AxEN asquale A.BFD+2z. Unde cum TX.xXC fit..ad<br />
p;X.KNutCXgad A.& erit retianguhim. TX x x% xquale<br />
QXIXX CXguad.<br />
Igitur ii. in perpendiculo 2) J3 eapiantur-<br />
AA.+4fUW--ZZ’<br />
Q,’<br />
QX CX.t&zaR..<br />
fernper D:6, 2, ’ @iis 2 +/mFFZ;, d-z.2 a 2 A& +/&.jficjr)-z z .
1. .I $ ; _ 13. pf ‘X& 0 5<br />
.T) L h4 OT'U PU&Ia It, c perpecuo rangunr; deque pun&~ Y ad heam AC eri-’<br />
cc) RI’ORUM gatur ~~rpcnciiculum Va cl abfcindem areas curvilineas VQJ b n,<br />
,YCD cd, &r eriganrur etiam ordinataz Ex, Ex: quoniam ‘re&angLllum<br />
22 b x I x k“eu I) b x E 3squde clt dimidio re&anguIi<br />
A.x KN, lku rriar~gulo ICI
II MOT u primum urgetur in Jr, ut 2) I? ad D F. Pe<br />
I(VRUM k I cearroque C & intervallo Ck defcribatur circulus ke occurren,s<br />
r&%T?Iine, 8;erigantwrcurvarumALMm,BFGg,ab~v,8cx.~~<br />
orilinatim<br />
q$icz.itz e m> kg, e ~1, e ‘me/.<br />
Ex,dato re&angulo T fD A &<br />
dataquele<br />
e vis centri<br />
et= qua corpus primum agitatur,<br />
dantur cur-<br />
vaz linea: J<br />
FGg,<br />
A E<br />
NH, per confiruQionem Problematis xxylr,<br />
& eius Coral. I. Deinde ex dato an&o CITdatur Drondrtio naGen-<br />
tiuk IK, KN, & inde, per co&ru&ionem Pkb. ~VIII, datur<br />
quantitas Q una cum curvis lineis a b x v, d cx cw : adeoque cornpleto<br />
tempore quovis 2) b v e, datur turn corporis alcitudo Ce vel CA,<br />
turn area 2) c w e, eique azqualis Se&or XCy, anguIufque ICk &<br />
locus R in quo corpus tune verfabitur. $$ ,E. .L<br />
. Suppon!mus awem in his Propofitionibus Vim cknrripetam in<br />
recefu qwdem -a centro variari’ kcundum legem quamcunque quam<br />
quis imaginari poteR , in aequalibus autem a centro diltantiis e@<br />
undeque eandem. Atque ha&enus Morum corporum in Ckhibus<br />
immobilibus confideravimus. Superefi ut de Motu eorum in Orbibus<br />
qui circa centrum virium zevolvuntur adjiciamus pauca,<br />
.S E,C “r.1 0 --
PROPOSITIO XLITI. PROBLEMA XXX.<br />
In Orbe VT Ii po-<br />
Gone dato revolvatur<br />
corpus T pergendo a<br />
V verbs I;‘. A centro<br />
6: agatur i‘emper C#h<br />
qua: fit ipfi CT aqualis,<br />
angulumque YC p angulo<br />
.YC’F proportionalem<br />
coniUuat j & a-<br />
rea ,quam linea Cp defiribit<br />
erit ad aream<br />
VCT quam linca CT<br />
iimul dekribit, ut velocitas<br />
linez defcribentis<br />
C p ad velocitatcm line=<br />
defcribentis C P j<br />
hoc efi, ut angulus PX’p ad angulum YC??, adeoque in data rah<br />
Gone, & propterea tempori proportionalis. Cum area tempori<br />
prdportionalis fit quam linea Cp in piano immobili defcribit, manifefium<br />
eit qudd corpus, cog&re juti= quantitatis Vi centripeta,<br />
revolvi pofit ,una cum pun&top in Curva illa linea quam pun&urn<br />
idem’p ratione jam expofita defcribit in planoimmobili. Fiat angua<br />
lus FCz4 angulo 2, Cp, & linea CzJ line32 C Y, atque Figura $1 Cp 4’-<br />
guraz WCS?’ aqualis, & corpus in p femper exifiens movebieur 1~<br />
R<br />
perk-
nE MO T U perimetro Figure revolventis 21 Cp, eodemque tempore defcribet<br />
(l 011<br />
P 0 R u Xl arcum ejus f~tp quo corpses aliud ‘F’ at-cum ipfi fimilem KI zqualem<br />
VT in Figura quiefccnce VT .K defc@ere potefi, Qzratur ‘igitur,<br />
per Corollarium quincum propohtlonis VI> Viscentrlpeta qua<br />
corpus revolvi pofftt in Gurva illa linea quam pun&urn p defiribit<br />
in piano immobili, & folvetur Probtema. J& E. F.<br />
PROPOSITIQ XLIV. THEOREMA XIV.<br />
Partibus Orbis quiekentis<br />
VT, T K funto<br />
dimiles & aquale<br />
bis revolventis partes<br />
zip,p k; & punAorum<br />
T, K diitantia intelligatur<br />
effe quam minima.<br />
A pun&o kin re-<br />
&am PC demitre perpendiculum<br />
k r3 idemque<br />
produc ad m, ut fit<br />
mr ad kr ut angulus<br />
YCp ad angulum YCT. ,m rr<br />
Qoniam corporum altitudines<br />
TC & p C,KC<br />
. & kC femper zqwantur><br />
manifeflum ,eit quod linearum T C & p C incrementa ve1<br />
decrementa kmper fmt zqualia 3 ideoque ii corporum in lock<br />
T 82: p exifientium diftinguantur motus finguIi (per Legum<br />
Coroh 2.) in binos$ quorum hi verfus centrum, five ficundum<br />
hneas T C, p C determinentur, SC alreri prioribus tranfverii fin-t,<br />
& fkcundum lineas. ripfis~ 50 C, p C perpcndiculares dire&ionem.<br />
habeant ; motus verfus. centrum, erunt szquales, & motus tranG<br />
vesfus cotyoris p erit ad. motum tranfverfum corporis T, ut motus<br />
angularis iineg- .p G, ad motum ,.angularem linear 2’ C3 idefi,,
I rq PHILC?SOPHI& NATURALIs<br />
crzpiantur dacz quanritates F, G in ea ratione ad invicem quarn<br />
ha&c angulus VCT ad angulum YCp, ut G G- FF ad FF. Et<br />
proprerca, ii cenrro C intervallo quqvis CT vcl.Cp defcribatt~r<br />
Sc&r circularis zszqualis areZ ti>ti P’PC, qw-n corpus T ternpore<br />
quovis in Orbe immobili revolvens radio ad centrum du&o defcripfit:<br />
diffcrentia virium, quibus corpus T in Orbe immobili &<br />
corpus p in Orbe mobili revolvuntur, wit ad vim centripetam, qua<br />
corpus aliquod radio ad centrum duRo Seeorem ilium, eodem tempore<br />
,~LXI defcripta fic,area Pip C uniformiter dekribere potuiffet,<br />
ur GG - F F ad FF, Namque Se&or ilk & area p Ck- @nt ad invicem<br />
ut tempora qulbus dekribunrur.<br />
Cowl. 2. Si Oi-bis YT I< EllipGs fit umbilicum habens C & Apfidem<br />
fi.lmmam ?/; eique iimilis & aqualis ponatur Ellipfis ti p k,<br />
ita ut fit kmper p C aqualis ‘IPC, & angulus YlCp fit ad angulum<br />
YC’CP in data ratione G ad F; pro alcitudine autem T C vel p&’<br />
tiribatur A, & pro Ellipfeos latere retio ponatur 2 R : ’ erit vis qua<br />
FF. RGG - RFF<br />
corpus in EllipG mobili revolvi pot& ut - AA+ ~A Cuba----<br />
8-z contra. Exponatur enirn vis qua corpus revokv?r in imm6ta<br />
Ellipfi per qunntitatem :;I & vis in Y erit Vis aL<br />
c Vuzd ”<br />
tern ~LKI corpus in Circulo ad diRantiam C Y ea “cum t’elocitate<br />
revolvi poffet quam corpus in Elljpfi rcvolvens habet in K,<br />
efi ad vim qua corpus in Ellipfi revokens urgetur iti Apii’de PY3<br />
ut dimidium lateris re&ti Ellipfeos ad Circwli iemidiametram CY,<br />
R FF<br />
adeoque valet cm: & vis qua,: fit ad hanc ut GG-FF ad<br />
.<br />
FF, valet RGG-RPF: efique hzc vis ( per,hujus Coral. I. )<br />
e VcY.4b.<br />
differentia virium in yquibus corpus P in Ellipiiimmota YPI
PRI.NCIPIA MATHEMA.TI~;A~ lLj<br />
qua corpus in IEllipG mobili 5/p k iifdcm telnporibl~s revolvi ~~ il f R<br />
p0fIk<br />
GwuZ. 3. Ad eundem modum colligetur qmd, fi Orbis immabilk<br />
.VF’K Ellipfis fit centrum habens in viriunl ccntro cj eiqUe<br />
fimik3, zquaiis sh: concentrica ponatur Ellipiis mobilis zip k j<br />
fitquc 2 .R Ellipfeos hujus lacus re&um principalc, k 2 ‘r ~acus<br />
tranfverfuum five axis major, atque at2guIus YC p fct11)7er iit ad<br />
angulum YCT ut 6 ad F; vires q”ibus corpora in Ellipfi in.<br />
122obili 8r mobili temporibus aquaIibus revolii poKunc, erunt ut<br />
FFA FFA RGC-RFF<br />
T czk5. & T c&5.+<br />
rcfpeLki ve.<br />
A et&.<br />
Coral: 4, Et univerfalieer, ii corporis aItitudo maxima CK nob<br />
minetur T, & radius curvatura quam Orbis Y‘P K h&t in J< id<br />
efi radius Circuli aqualiter curvi 9 nominetur R, & vis ccntripcts<br />
qua corpus in TrajeBo~Fq;acunque immobili YP IC revolvi po-<br />
tefi; in loco Y dicatur<br />
-----,atque TT aliis.in locis T indefinite dica-<br />
tur X, altitudine C P nominata A, & capiatur G ad F in data<br />
ratiolle anguli V”Cp ad angulum VCP: erir vis centripetLl qua<br />
corpus idem eofdem motus in eadem Traje&oria ZI p k circulariter<br />
mota temporibus iiflem peragerc Vote& ut fumma virium<br />
x + VRGGrV.RFF.<br />
A ctib;<br />
~~&. f. Data igitur :motu yorporis-in Ofbe quocunque immobili,<br />
augeri vel minui poteit ejus moeus angularis circa centrum<br />
viriun2 irt. ratione data, &. inde inveniri novi Orbes immobiles in<br />
tin&us corpora novis viri bus ten tripetis gyren tur.<br />
I- Coral. 6. Igitur ii ad rehm CV POfi&ne<br />
&tam erigatur perpelldiculum<br />
VP lollgicudinis indeterminate, jun-<br />
C’P, & ipfi aqualis agatur<br />
gaturque<br />
cp, confiituens- angulum YCp, 9$ fiS<br />
ad angulum Y’C P in data ratrone ;<br />
v.is qua corpus gyrari potcfi in Cwa<br />
ill& ,Vt k quam punQum p perpetuo<br />
rangit, *erit. reciproce ut cubus aMudinis<br />
C p, Nam corpus p, per vim inertia, nulla alia $ UrgerIte,<br />
unjformiter progredi potefbin re&a YT. Addatu! VIS y centrum<br />
:k>&JO aititudi& CT vel Cp reciproce: proport!onah &,(,per<br />
j,~ demo&rata) detorquebitur motus llle re&lrneus in’ hean<br />
curvm<br />
P II I>! u I.
12G<br />
D r, ?!lo‘I u CLlCVatn ?Q k. Efi autem IIXC CLKV~ Yp k eadem cum Curva iIl& /<br />
/<br />
,<br />
hujufmodi viribus attraQa oblique afiendere.<br />
/<br />
I<br />
pROPOSIT XLV. PROBLEMA XxX1. /<br />
~~ol~ror!u~ V$‘~i11 Coral. 3. Prop. XLI inventa, in qua ibi diximus corpora<br />
Problema iolvitur Arithmetice faciendo ut Orbis, quem corpus<br />
in Ellipfi mobili (ut in Propofitionis fuperioris Corol. 2, vel 3)<br />
revolvens defcribit in plan0 immobili, accedat ad formam Orbis<br />
cujus Apfides requiruntur, & quzrendo Apfides Orbis quem COTpus<br />
illud in plano immobili defcribir. Orbes autem eandem acquirent<br />
formam, ii v&es centripetze quibus defiribuntur, inter fk<br />
collataz, in zqualibus altitudinibus reddantur proportionales. Sit<br />
pun&urn Y Apfis fumma, 8~ firibantur T pro altitudine maxima<br />
CV, A pro altitudine quavis alia CT veI Cp, & X pro alrititudinum<br />
differentia CY- CP ; & vis qua corpus in EIIipfi<br />
circa umbilicum fiuum (7 (ut in Corollario 2. ) revolvente move-<br />
FF RGG-RFF<br />
tur, quzque in Corollario 2, erat ut AA +<br />
a id efi<br />
A wb..<br />
,ut F F A-tRG C-R F F, fhbfiituendo T - X pro A, erit ut<br />
A cub.<br />
RGG-RFF+TFF-FFX<br />
* Reducenda fimiliter eft vis alia<br />
A ca&.<br />
quzvis centripeta ad fraaionem cujus denominator fit A CL&J., &<br />
numeratores, fa&a homologorum terminorum collatione, fiatuendi<br />
fi.mt analogi. Res Exemplis patebit.<br />
‘.<br />
.Exempd. 1. Ponamus vim centripetam uniformem efi, adeoque<br />
ut t $‘, five (firibendo T - X pro A in Numeratore ) ut<br />
T C”‘* -> T T X + 3 T ITS x - x cz4bs<br />
><br />
. k collatis Numeratorurn ter-<br />
A cub.<br />
minis correfpondentibus, nimirum datis cum datis & non datis<br />
cum nondatis, fietRCG-RFF+TFFadTcfdtb, ut-FF X.ad<br />
-3TTX3-3TXX-X~~b.iiveue-FFFad-3TT+3~,X<br />
- X )I;. Jam cum Orbis ponatur Circulo quam maxime finicimus,<br />
cgeat Orbis cum Circulo j ;& ob fa&tas R, Txquales, atquc X in infinitum
zl I: hill ‘T u ut I ad 4 -82. Qare cum angulus Y C T, in defcenfti corporis<br />
cc~~4i’o~4vs1 ab Apkle i‘ummn ad Apfidem imam in Ellipfi confe&us, fi~<br />
gradllum 180; ccmficietur angulus YCp, in dekenfu corporis<br />
ab Apfidc fLlmma ad ApGdem imam, in Orbe propemodum Circulari<br />
quem corpus quodvis vi centripeta dignitati A”-3 pro-<br />
portionali dehibit , azqualis angulo graduurn !j!j j & 110; angulo<br />
repctito corpus redibit ab Apfide ima ad Apfidem fummam, &<br />
fk deinceps in infinitum. Ut ii vis centripeta fit ut diitantia cor-<br />
pork a centro, id elt,ut A fku A3 g, erit 12 requalis 4 & J n zqualis 2 ;<br />
adeoque angulus inter Apfldem fummam & Apfidem imam ZJS=<br />
qualis *gr. Ten 90 gr. Completa igitur quarta parce revolutionis<br />
unius corpus pervelliet ad Apfidem imam, Sr completa alia<br />
quarta parce ad Apfidem Eumm?m, & fit deinceps per vices in<br />
infillirum. id quad etiam ex Profiofitione x, manifefium eff. Nam<br />
corpus urgenre hat vi centripeta revolvetur in Ellipfi immobili,<br />
cLljus centrum elt in centro virium. Qod ii vis centripeta fit reci-<br />
,proce ut diitantia, id efi dire&e ut $ kus, erit n zqualis 2, ad-<br />
eoque her Apfidem filmmam ‘& imam angulus erit graduum z<br />
fieu I 27gr. I 6 tid. &~fic, & propterea corpus rali vi revolvens,, perpetua<br />
anguli hujus repetitions: , viclbus alternis ab AyGde fumma ad<br />
ham & ab ima ad hmmam perveniet in axemum. Porro fi vis<br />
centripeta fit reciproce ut laws quadrato- quadratum undecima<br />
dignitatis altitudrnis, id eit reciproce ut Ali?, adeoque dire&e ut<br />
& feu ut F-erit A-; 12 zqualis 5 ) & -J-ggn<br />
180 azqualis 3Gogr. & prop-<br />
terza corpus de Apfide rumma difcedens & fubbinde perpetuo de-<br />
:Tcellden.& perveniet ad Apfidem ham ubi complevit revolutionem<br />
i17tegram, dein perpetuo afienfu complendo aLam revolutionem in-<br />
,regratn? redibit ad Apfidem fummam : 8r fit per vices in azternum.<br />
lhcenapl. 3, Affirnenres m &a pro quibufvis indicibus dignitatum<br />
Altitudinis, & d, c pro numeris quibufvis datis, ponamus vim ‘cen-<br />
‘Am;tcAn, ideR ut binTzx”+cinT-Xa<br />
tripetam effe ut<br />
A cid.<br />
3<br />
A ctib.<br />
feu ( per ear&m Methodurn noham Serierum convergentium) ut<br />
iqy” +cT”-mbX T”“- ncXT”“+m”J;‘%XXT **’<br />
+<br />
%%+XXT”‘&.*<br />
,I_<br />
2<br />
A cub.<br />
&
PRINCIPIA MATHE~A~ICA, E 23<br />
i;r collatis numeratorurn ~erminis, fret R C7 e; _ RF F + T ]E; ]t: I,: 3 _, ?<br />
ad bT” + /I+, UC - FF ad - PB~Tm---~IIC~T-i ‘““‘*’<br />
-I- tn;-mbXT*-2 ; nryncxy-2 kc. Et hmcndo rationes u!timas<br />
quz prodeunt ubi Orbes ad formam circularem accedunt, tit<br />
GG ad dT”-I-+-CT”-‘, ut FF ad mbT”“ +TJCT” ‘, &<br />
viciffh GG ad FF ut bT”‘* + c T”*’ ad mltT”-’ + ~&CT ‘-I,<br />
QIJ~E: proportio, exponendo altitudinem maximam CV fku T Arichmetice<br />
per Unitatem, fit G G ad F F UC b + c ad vz b + n C, adeoque ut<br />
7nb-j-nc<br />
I ad ~0 Unde efi G ad F, id ell mgulus VCp ad an;uIum<br />
Vi=lcP, ut I ad d Marc’ ‘a Et propterea<br />
cum angulus P’C ‘P inter<br />
Apfidem Cunmmam & Apfidem imam in Eflipfi immobili {It 18ngr.<br />
erig angulus YCp inter eaidem Apfidcs, in Orbe quem corpus; VI<br />
bAm+cA”<br />
ten,tripeta quantitnti<br />
proportionaii dekribit , ~gua-<br />
AC&<br />
lis angulo graduum 180 4 ’ -fc • Et eodem argumel:to Ii vis tenmb<br />
+nc<br />
bArn -sAn<br />
tripeta fit Ut ---- A cab.<br />
, angulus inter Apfides invenietur gradwum<br />
r8o l/-&g= -nc. Net kcus refolvetur Problema in cafibus diffi-<br />
klidribus. Qu-antitas cui ,vis centripeta proportionalis elt, rc-<br />
&hi kmper debet in Series convergences denominarorem habentes<br />
A cab. D&n pars data numeratoris qui ex illa opcrationc<br />
provenit ad ipfius partem alteram 11011 datam, 8: pars dnta I?LPmeraroris<br />
hujus .R G G -RFF+TFF-FFX adipfiuspartem<br />
alteram non datam in cadem ratione ponendz iiint : Et quantitates<br />
fuperfluas ,delendo 3 firibendoque Unitatem pro T, obtinebitur ”<br />
pro,portio G ad F.<br />
moron, I,, l&c fi vi-s centripeta fit ut aliqua alritudinis digni-<br />
‘&T;eniri pot& dignitas illa ex mow Aplidum; & COIICKL<br />
~~&irum,fi motus totus angula+, quo corpus redit ad Apfidem<br />
;eandem,.fit ad hoturn angularem revolutionis unius, feu graduum<br />
g&,“ut numerus aliquis 13a ad numerum aIium rh & aItiwd0 nQ-<br />
--<br />
minctur, A : erit vis ut altitudinis dignitns illa ~3.~~~ 3 3 cujus h-<br />
s<br />
dex:<br />
.
&y;;; des efc 2 - 3, Id quod per Esempla fecunda manifeflum eff.<br />
undc linu:- 3 t T.T@
PRINCTPIA<br />
MATHE~~ATIcA.<br />
A%’ ml A 3, aut dire&z uc A6 vel A ‘3. DcniqLec ii corpus ~~~~~~~~~<br />
crb ApGde filmma ad Apfidem hmmam confecerit revoluclon&l in. ’ ’ *<br />
-tegmm, 8-c pwterea gradus tres, adeoque A piis il la fingulis c~rk3rr~<br />
.rsvolutionibus confecerit in confequentia gradus tres j crit VJ ad :: ~;t<br />
.963gr, ad 36~gr. five ut TZ I ad 120, adcoque Al:- 3 wit rrquslc<br />
+29 523<br />
14'?1‘4‘-i .<br />
1<br />
a<br />
& propterea ‘vis eentripeta rcciproce ut A ;%-k?* ku rcciproce<br />
uc A 2 & proxime. Decrefiit igitur vis ccntripcts in ratione<br />
paulo majore quam duplicata, fifed qute vi&us rp: propius ad<br />
duplicaram quam ad triplicatam accedit.<br />
a;!<br />
CuroZ;2, Hint etiam fi corpus, vi centri eta qw lit re+-wx<br />
u,t qu&rafum aMudinl$ 3 w~lvacur in El P ipfi umbilicum habcnte<br />
in centro virium, Sr huic vi centripetz addatur: vel aufer~ur<br />
vis alia quzwis extranea 5 cogtlofci pat& ( per Excmpla tcrtia ‘)<br />
motus Apfidum qui ex vi illa extranea oriecur : & contra. UC il.,<br />
vis, qva -corpus revolvitw in Ellipfi iit ut&, SC: vis extranea ab-<br />
lata ut .C A, adeoque V~S reliqua ut A-CA+ A Cuk, 5 erit (in Excmph<br />
+is) b aqvalis I y m zqwlis I? 1z aqualis + deoque angulus revo-<br />
Jurionis .inter Apfi,de6 zqualis .angulo graduum 1430 +’ $$* Po-<br />
‘iatiif vim il%m~&rane~m efE ‘3 5 7;~ paktibus mirlorem quam vk<br />
altera qua corpus revolvitur in Ellipfi, id e&E eG++, exifiente A.<br />
tcx-<br />
t : . *
DE MOTU tra petentiurn, & plgwis exccnrricis innitentium hit Wnfideraddlts:<br />
cu I(. 1’ 0 R 0 hI venir, Plana autem hpponiruus efk politifflma & abro’alute Iubrica<br />
ne corpora retardent. Quinimo, in his demonfirationibus, vice<br />
planorum quibus corpora incumbunt qu”eqLte tatI@.Iflt incuml<br />
bench9 uhyarnus plana his parakla j in quibus centra corporum<br />
moventur & Orbitas mavendo dei"cribunt. Et eadem kg<br />
Motus corporum in hpcrficiebus, Curves perafios fubinde determinamus.<br />
s<br />
Pujta cujuJcmpc gene& F-3 centripeta, daloqa fi ti%w Yirium cmtro<br />
turn Pluno quocuque in quo corpus revolvitur, &iJ cofmfjr<br />
Ijigzlrtirtim curdinearlam quadratwis : requz’ri ftir Motus COK<br />
pork de loco data., hata cum Yelo+tnte, jecnndwm re&%m iv<br />
~lano ilbv datam egrefl+<br />
.# I<br />
Sit S centrum,Viriwm, SC difiantia minima centri huj’us a I’lago<br />
data, T corpus de loco T fecundurn reLhtn* %‘Z egredienss &f+<br />
corpus idem in TrajeBoria fua rev6lve’ns, & TRA Tjajc&oria<br />
illa, in Piano dato defcripta, quam,i&enire oportet. Jungantur CR<br />
$2&J ‘& G in RS capiatur 3’7 proportionalis vi centripctaz c&4<br />
corpus trahicur verfus centrum $9 62 agatur VT quz fit parallela<br />
C,&(& occurrat SC in T: Vis SYrefolvetur (per Legum Corol,,z,)<br />
in vrres ST, 2-73 quarum ST trahendo corpus. fkcundum linaam<br />
piano perpendicularem, nil mueat motum ejus in hoc piano, “Vis<br />
autem altera TV, agenda fecundurn pofition&- plani, trahit car;<br />
pus dire&e verfus pun&urn C in plano datum, adeoquc facir ill’ud<br />
in hoc piano perinde moveri ac Ii vis; ST tolleretur, & corpus vi<br />
fola TYrevolveretur circa centrum & in fpatio libcro, Rata autem<br />
-vi
PRINCIPIA MATHEMATIcA?, 1’33<br />
vi centripeta 9 Y qua corpus &in fpatio libcro circa centrum<br />
LXltEIl<br />
datum C revolvitur, datur per Prop. XLII, rum TrajeQoria “PR. I’ R1 biK’S-<br />
quam corpus defcribit, cum locus gin quo corpus ad datum quod-<br />
vis tempus verfi bitur ‘J turn denique velocitas corporis in loco ill0<br />
Lip contra. ,$i$ E. I.<br />
p~o~P0sITT.0 XLVII. THEOREMA XV.<br />
POJBO god Es cenkpetd proportionalis jt dijh-hce corporis a<br />
Ct3!ltrO j corpora omnia in plank quibuJcmque revolruentia de-<br />
J&ibent f<strong>Up</strong>[es, & rmohtiones Tempokibaks qaalib@ peragent ;<br />
quque moventur in fineis re&s, ultra citroque diJ&rrendo,<br />
1 Ji~ggh eurjdi & redetindi periodh $d& Temporibw abJoL<br />
vent.<br />
NamJ fiantibus quzc<br />
in fuperiore Propofitio-<br />
Ize, vis SY qua corpus<br />
gin plan0 quovis 332X<br />
revolvens trahitur. verfis<br />
ccntrum 5 eft ut difianria<br />
A’,$?& atque,adeo<br />
ob proportionales. S Y<br />
&S&TV&C&vis<br />
2-Y qua corpus trahitur<br />
verfius pun&urn C<br />
in Orbis piano datu.mJ<br />
efi ut difiantia C.& Viyes<br />
rgitur J quibus corpora<br />
in plan0 T $&R<br />
vertintia trahuntur verfus<br />
puidhm C, fiint pro<br />
ratione diitantiarum zquales ‘viribus quibus ‘corpora undiquaque.<br />
trahuntur verrus centrum S ; & propterea corpora movebuntur iifi<br />
dem TemporibusJ in iiCdem FigurisJ*,in plan0 quovis l”RR circa<br />
pun&urn C, atque in fpatiis liberis crrca centrum S; adeoque (per’<br />
Gorol, z. Prop. XJ & Coral, 2. Prop, xxxvrrl),,Tcmporibus limper
PHILOSOPHIJ!IZ NATURALIs<br />
nF ~~~~~~~ ~~&libus~ vcl dcfcriberlt Ellipfes in plano ill0 circa centrum C,<br />
f‘lll:~S~~~l:,l 1~1 per~~dos movcndi ultra citroque in lincis re&is per ccntrum c<br />
in phno illo du2Iis, complcbunt~ #g&E* 21.<br />
His :iflincs Ctmc nfccnft~s ac deknfus corporum in iupcrficiebu’i<br />
curvis, t;omcipc Iineas curvas in plano def‘cribi, dein circa axes<br />
quofvis dacos per centrum Virium tranhntes rcvolvi, & ea revolucionc<br />
hpxficics curvas dcfcrlbere; turn corpora ita moveri ut<br />
corllm ccnrra in his fuperficiebus perpetuo reperiantur. Si carpora<br />
illa oblique akendendo (3r defccendeudo currant ultra citroque<br />
perngentur eorum motes in planis p@r axem traol%untibus, arque<br />
adeo in lineis curvis quarum revolutrone curw ilh filperficies ge..<br />
nirx tiin t. litis igitur in cafibus fufkit motum in his lineis curvis<br />
conliderare.<br />
PR~PO~ITIO XLVIII. THEOREMA XVI.<br />
rota ~lobo extri?zJecus ud angulos reaos i$j)fatp & more ro?<br />
tnrum revohendo progrediatur in ~ircdo Y~ZLW&JO j /on&&o<br />
Htz+neris cwvih-zei, pod pun@um quodvis in $0~ perimctro datmv,<br />
ex quo Globu?t2 ten& confed, ( quodpe Cyklaidem veJ<br />
Epicycloidem nomirtare licet) wit ad duplicate J;nuw wr$m<br />
arctic dimidii gtii Globum e3c eo tempore inter eundum teti@t,<br />
ut ftimma diametrorum Globi $3~ Rot& ud Jknidiametrum ~lobi,<br />
PROPOSITIO xL~x. THEOREMA xwr.<br />
Rotu Globo concave ad refZ:os dngsllos intrinlecus &$$?a~& yeruohendo<br />
progrediatur in circulo maximo j lo@tudo Itiqeris<br />
cwv&ei quod pun&~12 quodvis in Rot& perim~tro datam, ek<br />
9.~0 Ghdvm tdgit, confecit, erit ad duplicatum @urn cve&ua<br />
um~~ dimidii qui Globum toto hoc tempore hater eusdum t&-
PRIbhX?Ii4 MATHEMATICA. “3’5<br />
,Sit A,BL Globus, % cenrrum ejus, BT Y Rota ei infifien’s, E<br />
centrum RotzE, E pun&turn conta&us, & T pun&urn datum in perimetro<br />
‘Rot;~. Concipe ‘hanc ~otam pergere ih ‘&CLdO maxim0<br />
4B.L ab A per B verbs L, & inter eundum ita revohi UC ar-<br />
CLIS A& T B fibi invicem femper zquentur, atque pun&um ihd<br />
!P in perimetro Rot2 datum interea d~fcribere. Viam curvilineam<br />
AT’. Sit autem AT Via rota curvilinea d&ripta ex quo Rota<br />
Globum tetigit in A, & erit Viz hujus longitudo AT ad duplum
DE MOT u Centro item C & intervallo quovis defcribatur circulus 5vzom ,k=-<br />
C~~~~~~~l cans reQam CT in ti, Rot% perimetrum Bp in o:, ck Viam curvilineam<br />
A P in m; centroque Y 8-z intervallo Y-O defcribatur circu-<br />
Ius ficans YT prod&am .ih ga<br />
Qoniam Rota eundo femper revolvitur circa puntium conta&us<br />
B, manifefium efi quad re&a B T perpendicularis efi ad<br />
lineam illam curvam A P quam Rotas puntium P defcribit, atqut<br />
adeo quod re&a 17’ tanget hanc cgrvam in pun&o T, Circuli<br />
rc om radius fenfim au&us vel diminutus aquetur tandem difiantigz<br />
CP 5 &, ob fimilitudinem Figur3z evanekentis Pn omaq & Figura<br />
2” .FE;G VI, ratio ultima lineolarum evanefcentium P m, P s3 T 03 *P q4<br />
id
HEEATIECA*<br />
14Y<br />
id ~;fi, uni momefltancarum curv32 AP, rcQ3z L. i n r: R<br />
CT, arcus circularis BT, ac re&az k*‘P, eadem erit qw linea- Pnlht~i 5a<br />
rum ‘P VP T F9 T G, T 1 refpehive. Cum autem YF ad CF &<br />
Y,H ad C Y perpendiculares funt, anguliquc MVG, VCF prop-,<br />
terea aequales j & angulus YHG (ob angulos quadrilateri HVE ‘P<br />
’ ad ,V & T re&os) hgulo CET aqualis eit, fimih erurlt triangula<br />
VHG, CE P 5 & inde fret ut E P ad C E ica HG ad k;lrii<br />
fiu HP & ita ICPad KP, Sr compofite vel divifim ut CB ad<br />
CE ita P I ad P IL, &I duplicatis confequentibus ut CB ad 2 &’ E<br />
ita T I ad T Y; atque ita adeo T 2 ad T FW, Efi igitur decrementurn<br />
line= VT, id cfi, incrementum hex: 13 Y- .V‘T ad incremen-,<br />
turn linez curve A T in dsta ratione C B ad 2 CE, & propterea<br />
(per Coral. Lem. IV.) longitudines i3 Z;r-- VT 6~ AF’, incrementis<br />
illis genitx, lint in eadem ratione. Sed, exifiente B Vradio,<br />
efi YT co-finus anguli B Y‘T ku $ B E T, adeoqcreB V-P?P<br />
finus verfus ejufdem an uli j 8z propterea in lrac Rota; cySus radius<br />
efi $ BY, erit BY- 9 I, duplus finus verfk arcus i BT. Ergs<br />
AT eit: ad duplum finurn veriilm arcus $ B T er t a CE ad C B..<br />
earn autem AT in Propofitione priore Cycloidem exrra<br />
Globurn, alteram in pofieriorc Cycloidem intra Globum diRinQi-,<br />
onis gratis nomiizabimus,<br />
C’MOL I. Hint fi defcribatur Cyclois integra ASL & bifecetur<br />
lea in S, wit Iongitudo partis T S ad longitudinetn V T (quz duplus<br />
efi finus anguli YB T, exifiente E B radio) ut z CE’ ad C BP<br />
atqwe adeo ill ratione data. -.<br />
CwoL 2. Et longitudo femiperimetri Cycloidis 1$ S zquabitur<br />
linex re&x quaz efk ad ROW diamerrum B Y, ut z C .E ad CB,<br />
Facere aut Coypus penduluna ofcilebtir in Cycloide data.<br />
htra Globwm RV’S, centro C defcriptum, detur Cyclois gR$<br />
‘-bife&a in 2’3 & pun&is fuis extremis g&t S fiuperficiei Clobi hint<br />
inde occurrens. Agatur CR bifecans arcum &$S in 0, & produca-<br />
‘%ur ea ad A, ut fit c A ad ‘CO ut CO ad C X. Centro C ‘in-<br />
T<br />
servallQ
te&allo CA dekribatur Globus exterior ,!fB 2), & intro hunt 6k&<br />
bum a Rota, cujus diameter fit AO, defkibantur OWE Semicycloides<br />
A$, AS, quz Globum interiorem ta,ngant in g& 8 & Glob0 exteriori<br />
occurrant in A. A pun&o illo A, Fib A P T IongitudinenE<br />
A R Equante, pendeat corpus 27, & ita intra Semicycloides A&<br />
AS ofcilletur, ut quoties pendulum digreditur a perpendicul,o AR,<br />
Filum parte hi fuperiore AT applicetu? ad Semicycloi&em illam<br />
ATS verfus quam peragicur mows, & circum earn ceu obflwUlum<br />
fle&cur, parteque reliqua TT cwi Scmicyclois nondum objicitur,<br />
protendatur in lineam re&am; & pondus 1 ofcillabitur in<br />
Gycloide data, R S, 4 22.. F.<br />
hyrracenim % ihm T T turn Cycloidi XRS in T, turn circulo<br />
205 10 K agaturqueC& & ad Fili partem retiam F T e pun&is<br />
extremisF ac I, erigantur perpendicula TV3, TW, occu;renth re-<br />
&x Grin B 8-2 kK Patet, ex co&-u&one & genefi fimjlium. Figurarum<br />
As, s& per endicula illa P B, TWabkindere de C Y h-<br />
gitudines YB, Y?T lt. otarum diamctris 0 A, 0 .&2 xquales. &,fi igitur<br />
2T ad PIP (duplum hum angull YB P exillterl re + B Y- ra-<br />
dio)
IN PIA MATHEM&<br />
939<br />
die) tit B FTad 23 ZiT; feu A 0 + 0 W ad AO, id efi (cum fint Cd<br />
L ! 1: I L<br />
ad CO, CO ad CR & -divifim AQ ad 0 R proportionales,) ut ~xr!,ltl-.<br />
CA-j-CO ad CA velj ii bifecetur B Y in E, ut 2 CE ad CB.<br />
Proinde, per Coral. I. Prop. XLIX, fan itudo partis re&z Fili FPT<br />
zquatur kmper Cycloidis arcui‘p & & k ilnm totum A*5? T aquatur<br />
limper Cyeloichs arcui dimidio A‘;P S, hoc eit (per Corol, 2. Prop.<br />
XL rx) longrtudml AR. Et propterea vicifflm ii Filum manet Ternper<br />
azquale longkudini .A .R movebitur pun&urn T in Cycloidc<br />
data L&Rs. & E, FL?.<br />
Coral. Filum A-82 aquatur Semicycloidi AS’, adeoque ad
1p3 ~~~LosoPE-II~ NA<br />
,b, ! 5 r ,, _ d:L” & acceleratiolles fubfequentes, his partibus proportionales, funt<br />
; I- :: cti,lill ut tcmi & tic deinceps. Sunc igitur acceleracio~es atque<br />
a,&o vc]ocitates genitz & partes his velocicaeibus defcrcnpt,z parr&.::~<br />
defiribcrld~, femper ut totz; 8c propeerea pllrtC5 ddbri~~~i~<br />
&;; datam &-vantes rationem ad invicem iitnlal evanefcen-t, id efi,<br />
~~~~~~~~ duo c?d‘cillantia Gmul pervenient ad perpendiculum AR.<br />
~~~~>;quc pi&m afccnfus perpeildiculorum de 10~0 irlfimo R, per<br />
co&m arcus Cycloidales mow retrogrado Fzacrf-i9 retnrdentur in<br />
l~cis hgulis a wribus iifdcm a quibus dekenfus acceI<br />
7 rabantur,<br />
p.itcC vclocitc!,te s akenfuum ac deficnfuum per eo17dtm arcus fa-<br />
&rum squales efl”e, atque adeo temporibus zqualibus fierij or:<br />
proptereag cum Cycloidis partes duze AS & K *ad utrumque perp:diculi<br />
latus jacentcs ht Gmiles & axpales, pendwfa duo olrcil-<br />
2~cioncs fhs rrlnl totas quam dimidias iii&m temporihs hnper<br />
peragent. g 1;:. ‘D.<br />
“i<br />
CbrOL %:is qua corpus T in 12: quovis T acceIeratur veI retartur<br />
in Cpcloide 3 efi ad totum corporis ejurdem Pondus iu loco<br />
akif’ho S vel L& ut Cycloidis arcus TR ad ejulilem arcum J’.,R<br />
rcl RR,<br />
~ROPOSITIO LII. PROBLEMA XXXIV.<br />
Centro quovis G, intervallo GH Cycloidis arcurn W S zqaalltes<br />
defcribe kmicirculum HR M% fkmidiamctro G K bife&um.<br />
EC<br />
fi vis centripeta, difiantiis Iocorum a centro proportionalis tendac<br />
ad cenrrum G, fitque ca in perimetro Ndb;. Equalis vi centripesz<br />
in perimetro Globi 20 S (J%fe Fig, Prop. I,.) ad iphs dentwm<br />
tendend; ck eodem tempore quo pendulum F dimitritur e<br />
loco hpremo 5’, cadat corpus aI.iquod L ab M ad G: quoniarm<br />
vires quibus corpora urgentur hunt zquales fiib initio & fpaciis<br />
dcfcribendis TR, LG f emper proporrionales, arque adeo, -ii x-<br />
qumu TR & L G9 aquales in locis T & L j : patct corpora illa<br />
dekribere fpatia ST, HL aequaIia fu b initio, adeoquc &bin& pergcre<br />
EquaIiter urgeri, & xqualia fpatia dekiibere. @arc3 per Prop.<br />
XXXvIIh Empus quo corpus. defcribit arcum $FT’ efi ad tempus<br />
okil-
~oru Globi inverf& & fubduplicata ratione Vis abfolutz Globi etiam<br />
CoR"o""si~inverk 8 E, 1.<br />
moron, 1. Wine etiam Ofcillantium, Cadentium & Revolventium<br />
:corporum tcmpora poffunt inter fe conferri. Nam G Rotz, qua CYclois<br />
intrn globum defcribitur, diameter confiituattir aequalis fern&.<br />
diametro globi, Cyclois evadet Linea re&a per centrum globi tranfiens,<br />
& Okillatio jam erit dekenfus & fubkquens ai‘cenfils in hat<br />
refita. Unde darur turn tempus defcenfus de loco quovis ad<br />
zcntrum, turn tempus huic zequale quo corpus uniformiter circa<br />
centrum globi ad difianciam quamvis revoivendo arcum quadrantalem<br />
dekribit. Efi enim hoc eempus (per Cafum fecundum<br />
) ad tempus kmiokillationis in Cycloide quavis 2$.J S ut<br />
I ad 42$.<br />
Cord. 2. Hint etiam ,conceeQantur qua2 ?FFennecs & Hz4genius de<br />
Cycloide vulgari adinvenerunt. Nam fi Globi diameter augeatuk<br />
in infinitum : mutabitur ejus fuperficies fpharica in planum, Vifque<br />
centripeta aget uniformiter kcundum lineas huic piano perpendiculares,<br />
& Cyclois noitra abibit in Cycloidem vulgi. Ifio autem.<br />
in cafu longitudo arcus Cycloidis, inter planum illud & pun&urn<br />
defcribens, aqualis evadet quadruplicato finui verfo dimidri arcus<br />
Rotg’inter idem planum & pun&urn defcribens 5 ut invenit menno:<br />
Et Pendulum inter duas ejufiodi Cycloides in fmlili & a+<br />
quali Cycloide temporibus aqualibus Ofcillabitur, ut demonfiravit<br />
.&genius. Sed & DefcenCus gravium, tempore Ofcillationis unius,<br />
is erit quem Htig~nizts indicavit,<br />
Aptantur. autem Propoiitiones a nobis dcmonfiratx ad veram<br />
confiiturionem Terra, quatenus Rota eundo in ejus circulis maximis<br />
defcribunt motu Clavorum, perimetris fuis infixorum, Cycloides<br />
extra globum j & Pcndula inferius in fodinis & cavernis Terra<br />
Eufpcnfa, in Cycloidibus intra globes CWcillari debent, ut CXi’cilIationes<br />
amnes evadant Iiochrona., Nam Gravitas ( ut in Libro<br />
tertio docebitur) decrekt in progrefi a fuperficie Terra, fir+<br />
film quidem in duplicata ratione difiantiarum a centro ejus, deorfim<br />
vero in ratione fimplici,<br />
. .<br />
PROPO-.
~ofg-efis FipWum cwvilinearum. qivadra&hris, inwenire V&es quibus<br />
corpora if2 da& cuPvis lineis OJciLlationes Jemper .lJocbraw5<br />
peragent.<br />
Qfcilletur corpses, ?@ in curva quavis linea STR & cujus axis fit.<br />
Q R tranf’iens per virium centrum 6. Agatur TX quz curvam il.-<br />
lam in corporis loco quovis T contingat, inque hat tangents T.&T<br />
- capiatur TTazqualis arcui TR. Narn, lOngi tudo arcus illius ex Fi--<br />
gurarum quadraturis (per M&ados vulgares) innotefcit. De punA<br />
&b IT’ educatur re&a 2-2 tangent,i perpendicularis. Agatur CT per;<br />
pendiculari illi occurrens in 2, & crit Vis centripeta proportionalis<br />
reti%x TZ. Li& E, L<br />
Nam:
x.46, p~-moS’oPH~~ ATWRALIS<br />
~~~~~ fi vis, yua corpus tralkw de T.verfus G exponrfur per<br />
1) E -idO T I ’<br />
b, 0 F. ? 0 !i C : i rcfcsam TX capcam ipfi proportionalem *refilvetur hx In vires<br />
y-y, 1-2 j q1larum 7~ trahendo corpus fecundurn longitudii~em<br />
Fi]i ‘P’T, motutn ejus nil mUtar, vis autem &era TT motum ejus<br />
ill ,ctlrva J’T’Rgdire&e accelcrat vel direct retardat. Proinde<br />
C1lm llGrc fit 11~ via defcribenda TR, acceleratimes corporis vel refardariollcs<br />
in Q[cillationum duarum (majoris Sr minoris) parti-<br />
~~~~s proporcionalibus defcribendk erunt krnper ut partes ilIz &<br />
propterea facienl: ut partes illa fimul d&ribamur. corpora autem<br />
QuLc partes totis icmper proportionales fimul defcribunt, hnul defhxnc.<br />
tocas. & E. 2).<br />
C~TO~. 1, Hint ii corpus 7 Filo re&ilineo AT a cenrro A pendens,<br />
defcribat arcum circularem STR& Ik hterea urgeatur fe-.<br />
CLmdim lineas parallelas deorfiun a vi aliqua,<br />
~UX fit ad vim uni-<br />
formem Gravicatis, UC arcus TR ad ejus finurn TN: xqualia em<br />
runt Ofcillationuttl fingularum rempora. E tenim ob parallelas<br />
TZ, A’]
ATHEMA ,l! 45<br />
partium illarum aliqua. centro C, intervallis CD, Cd dekriban- ~~~ I:II<br />
tur circuli 59 Z iGdt3 line32 curviz STt R occurrentes in T & t. Er P RIRLwS.<br />
ex data tuna lege vis centripetx, turn<br />
tiltitudine CS de qua corpus cecidit j<br />
dabitur velocitas corporis in alia quavis<br />
altitudine CT, per Prop. XXXIX.<br />
Tempus autem 3, quo corpu,s defkribit<br />
lineglam Tt, ek ut lineok hujus longitudo<br />
(id eit ut fecans anguli t TC)<br />
dire&e, & velocitas inverk. Tempori<br />
lfiuic proportionalis fit ordinatim applicata<br />
59 N ad re&am CS per pun&urn<br />
2) perpendicularis, Sz ob datam D d<br />
erit re&angulum 2) d XD 2\LT hoc et3<br />
area I) Nn d, eidem tempori pr’opor+<br />
tionale, Ergo G S N 12 fit curva illa linea<br />
quam pun&urn N perpetuo tangit,<br />
,erit area S ND S proportionalis tempori<br />
quo corpus defcendendo def’crip+<br />
fit lineam $2”; proindeque ex inventa illa drea dabitur Tempus.<br />
L& El I.<br />
PROPOSITIO<br />
*<br />
LV. ,TWEOREMA’XIX.<br />
si; coypps +ovetur iri Jiijyjcie quatun+que cukva, S,c@s’axis pel”<br />
+centrum Virium tra@, & a corpore in axetn dhttatw Peri<br />
pendicularis, eique pmalleh & squulis ab sxis pm&o qtioruis<br />
&to dmdtur : dice quad parullela ila aream temporiproportio-<br />
Salem deJcribet. .’ * ,/ :<br />
Sit BSKL fuperficies’curva; 'ii, toi-lj,,, & ea Geudlvenk,’ SPt I?<br />
Trajefioria quam corpus in :eadem’ d&&ti~~ S’iriititik TrajeBoriaze,<br />
0 MNK axis ruperticiei curvaz, TN reRa a ,cprpgre in axem<br />
perpendicularis, 0 P huic patallela & aeqkilis, a pun&o 0 quad in<br />
axe datur edu&a,, A59 yefii ipq ,Traje$,oria: a ~~un&o T in line%<br />
yolubilis 0 T plan0 A0 T 6: ,efcnpttim, A vkfiiglt ikitium ptin&o S<br />
refpondens, 7 C re&a a corpore ad, kentrum du&a j 2-G pars ejus<br />
9i centGpet8’ qua corpus urgetur in centrum C proporcionalis;<br />
$f”iIf re&a ad fuperficiem curvam perpendicularis, TI pars ejus vi<br />
prefionis, . qua corpus,urget lilperf$ein vicifimguewgetu~r, verfis .M<br />
a
w<br />
PHILOS~~XE NATWRAEIS<br />
a filperficie, proportiona-<br />
Y) E id0 T U<br />
COR~ORU~~ lis j fPHTF<br />
re&a axi<br />
parallela per corpus tranfiens,<br />
& G F, I l+l relh 73<br />
;1 pun&is G SE I in pa-<br />
raIleIam illam T H TF<br />
perpendicularitcr den&<br />
CT. Die0 jam quad area<br />
AtI 33, radio 0 T ab initie<br />
mows defiripta, fit<br />
zempori proportionalis,<br />
Nam vis TG (per Legum<br />
Coral: 2,) refolvicur<br />
ifri vires TF, FG; & vis<br />
T.l in vires T H, H I:<br />
Vires autem TF, T H<br />
agendo fecundw lineam<br />
T F piano AOT’ perpendicularem<br />
mu tan t Co-<br />
Iummodo motum corporis<br />
quatenus huic plano perpendicularem. Ideoque motus ej.w<br />
quatenus kcundum pofitionem plani fa&us, hoc eit, mows pun--<br />
Et-i T quo Trajefloriz vefiigium A T in hoc plano defc&<br />
bitur, idem. efi ac fi vires TF, TH tollerentur, & corpus CoIis vi?<br />
ribus FG, HI agitaretur ; hoc efi, idem ac ii corpus in piano<br />
AO T, vi centripeta ad centruin 0 tendente Sr fuuiYlmam viriam<br />
FG & HI aquagte, dekriberet curvam AT. Sed vi tali dcti.ribicur<br />
area A0 P (per Prop. x.1 temp,ori proportionalis. 82% D;<br />
’ Coral. Eqdem argumento fi corpus a viribus agitaturn ad centra<br />
duo vel plura in eadem quavis reQa CO data tendentibus, def.riberet<br />
.in [patio libero lineam quamcunque curvam ST; foret area<br />
A 0 • SF tempori femper prbp&tionalis.<br />
PROPOSITIO LVf. PROBLEMA XXX$IIe<br />
ConceJs Figurarm cwv&euruw qzdra~tiris, ddj$xe ittim lege<br />
F% centripetLe d centrurn datum tend&&s, turn luperficic curwu<br />
cu+iz axis per centrum iUtid ~.runJir: j iwueniend~ e.@ TV&?,<br />
i’fOri& quam corps in eadem~tiperficie defmibet, de loco data, ddfd<br />
mm Yelocitate, we&is plagm i# JiperJicie iMa ddgam egrej%m.<br />
Stanti-
RINCIPZ:A MATHEhUiTrc~.<br />
IAt.7<br />
Stan ti bus qua: in fuperiore Propofirione canitrutia funt , cxeat :,?; f. k<br />
corpus de loco s in Trajeeoriam inveniendam J’Tt A i &, ex da- P 7, 1 &I :’ a<br />
ta eju, velocitate in altitudine SC, dabitur ejus velocitas in alia<br />
‘quavis alticudine 2°C. Ea cum velocitate, dato tcmpore quatll<br />
inimo, defcribat corpus TrajeQoriaz fia: particulam firt, firquc<br />
3 p vrtfiigium ejus in plan0 A0 T defcriptum, Jungacur Op, KC<br />
CirFe!li centro 2: interyallo Tt in iirperficie curva defcripti fit Fp R<br />
vefiiglum Elliptlcum in eodem plano 0 A?‘P~ defcriptum, Et ob<br />
datum magnitudine & potitione Circellum, dabitur Ellipfis illa<br />
5?p & Cumque area T Op fit tempori proportionalis, atque adeo<br />
ex dato tempore detur, dabitur Op pofitione, & inde dabitur<br />
communis ejus & Ellipfeos interkQio p, una cum angulo OT’p,<br />
in quo Traje&orize vefiigium ATp fecat lineam 0 ‘P. Inde augem<br />
invenietur Traje&oria: vefiigium illud ATp, eadem mcthodo<br />
qua curva linea .YIKk, in Propofitione XLI, ex fimilibus dark<br />
inventa fuit. Turn ex hngulis vefiigii pun&is T erigendo ad pknum<br />
A 0 fp perpendicula T T fuperficiei curve occurrentia in r”s<br />
daburatur fingula Traje&ork pun&a T. ,$& E. I;<br />
Ha&enus expofui Motus corporum attraQorum ad centrum Immobile,<br />
quale tamen vix extat in rerum natura. Attratiiones enim<br />
Geri Sblent ad corpora; & corporum trahentium & attra&orum<br />
z&ones femper mutuz funt & azquales, per Legem terkn: ad-<br />
-eo .ut neque attrahens pofit quiekere neque attraQum, fi duo fint<br />
c’orpora, fed ambo (per Legum Corollarium quartum) quail atprafiione<br />
mutua, circam gravitatis centrum commune revokantur :<br />
& fi plura fint corpora (quze vel ab unico attrahantur vel omnia<br />
fe m~rw attrahant) hat ira inter fe moveri debeant, 111: gravitatis<br />
centrun commune vel quiefiat vel uniformiter moveatur in direc-<br />
8um. @a de cauCa jam pergo Motum exponere corporurn fe mu-<br />
.ouo tr-hentium, confiderando Vires centripetas tanquam ActraAiones,<br />
qua&s fortaffe, ii phyf$e loquamur, verius dicantur !mpulfis.<br />
In Mathematicis enlm Jam verfimur, & propterea I@S<br />
difpurationibus Phykis 3 familiari utimur ferrnone$ quo pafkWIff<br />
.a Le&oribus &4athematic:is, facilius intelligi.<br />
u2<br />
PRQ-
I’Ixvolv:w tur curpora 8, T circa commune gravitatis centrum<br />
cd’., pqxdo de S ad T deque T’ ad J& A data pun&o’s @is.
L.<br />
E’RRNC~~P A MATHEMATICS. 143<br />
.~efkribit, eric fimilis SC xqualis Gurvis quas corpora J, p defcri., I,~;~ T ;I.<br />
bunt circunm fe mutuo: proindcque (per Thc~ur. xx) fimiI;s Curvis PIJ lx’ J.<br />
ST & TgY, quas cade m corpora defiribmlt circum comn~une<br />
gravitatis ccntrum C: id adeo quin proportioncs ]irlcarum SC’, c ;J<br />
& ST vel sp ad inviceul danrur.<br />
Gzs. I. Commune ikd gravitatis centrum C, per Lcgum Corollarium<br />
quartum > Vel quiefcit vel inovetur uniformiter in directurn,<br />
Ponamus primo quad id quiefcit, inque s &p loccnrur car-.<br />
pora duo, immobile iI s , mobile in p, corporibus S & ;P fimilia<br />
& aquah Dein tangant re&z “33 R 8-z p P Curvas Pg& p 4 ill<br />
fp &p, &, producantur CR&: ~4 ad R SC r. Et, ob fimil,tudio<br />
nem Figurarum &T I? $& sp Y q3 erit R .$$,ad Y y UC CP ad sp, adeoque<br />
in data racione. Proinde ii vis qua corpus L;” veri’us carpus<br />
S, arque adeo veriils centrum incermedium C attrahitur, c&x<br />
ad vim qua corpus p verfus centrum s attrahitur in eadem illa ra-<br />
Gone data ; h3e vires xqualibus temporibus attraherent femper corpora<br />
de tangentibus P R, p I ad arcus F’&p 4, per intervalla ipfis<br />
proportionalia R LQ Y 4 ; adeoque vis pofierior efficerct ut corpus<br />
p gyraretur in Curvap 4 v, qua2 iimilis effet Curve YLQ< in qua<br />
vis prior efficit ut corpus T gyrerur, & revo!utiones ill‘dern cemporibus<br />
complerentur. At quoniam vires ill,?: non funt ad invicem<br />
in ratione CP ad sp, kd (ob Gmilitudinem & zequalitatem<br />
corp,orum S & s,, 2’ & p, &, zqualitatem difiantiarum ST, sp]<br />
iibi mutuo 22quales; corpora aqualibus temporibus xqualiter tra-<br />
&ntur di: tangentibus : 6% propterea, wcorpus poiterius p trafratur<br />
-per, intervalium majus y q, requiritur tempus majus, idque in dilb-<br />
&plicata ratione intervallorum j propterca quad (per Lemma decimum)<br />
fpatia, ipfo rnotus initio defcripta, filnt in duplica~a ratione<br />
temporum, Ponatur igitur velocitas corporis p efk ad veIocitatern<br />
corporis T in fubduplicata ratione difiantix sp ad difiantiam<br />
CP, eo ut temporibus quz fint in eadem i‘ubduplicara ratione de-<br />
@rihantur arcus p 4, $P & qui Cunt in ratione incegra: Etbcorpora<br />
p, p viribus zqualibus fempcr attratia defcribent circum centra,<br />
quiefcentia C & s Figuras fimlles T $QK p 2 ~1, quarum polkrior~<br />
fimilis efi & xqualis Figur3z quam corpus P circum corpusp<br />
l?zq*<br />
mobile S defcribit. L&E. 22:<br />
C&S. 2., Ponamus jam quad commune gravitatis centrum, U.IGI.<br />
cum {patio ,in quo corpora moventur inter fe, progredicur uniformiter<br />
in direQum; &, per Legum Corollarium kxturn2 m0tUS<br />
omnes-in hoc Qatio peragensur ut prius, ackoque corpora defcribeng
PHI‘EOSO'PHIAE NATURALIs<br />
IjC<br />
D F. M 0-r u bent circum k mutuo Figuras eafdem ac prius,& propterea<br />
C~~~~ORUM ~4 21 fimiles & aquales. SE. D.<br />
Fjgura<br />
Care/. I. Hint corpora duo Viribus difiantiaz fke proportionalibus<br />
fi mutuo trahentia, dekribunt (per Prop. x,) & circum cornmum<br />
graviratis centrum, & circum k Itlutuo, Ellipfes concentricas:<br />
& vice verfa, Tr tales FigwE defkibuntur, ii;lnt Vires difiantia<br />
proportionales.<br />
Co&, z. Et corpcra duo Viribus quadrato diftantia fi’az recipro..<br />
ce proportionalibus dekibunt (per Prop. XI, XII, XIII) & &cum<br />
commune gravitatis centrum, & circum fi mutuo, SeQiones conicas<br />
urn bilicum habentes in ten tro circum quod Figurne defcribuntur. Et<br />
vice verfi, di tales Figure defcribuntur, Vires centripetx funt quadraro<br />
diltantk reciproce proportionales.<br />
Cord. 3, Corpora duo quavis circum gravitatis centrwm corn--<br />
mune ggrantia, radii5 & ad centrum illud & ad k mutuo &&is,<br />
defcri bun t areas temporibws proportionales.<br />
PROPOSITIO LXX. THEOREMA XXII.<br />
Corporum dztorum S &J P circa commune graruitatis centrm C<br />
uewohentimz Temptis period&n tJe ad Temptis periodicund carporis<br />
a?tmtrius I?, circa uherum immotum S~gywnth & Fig+<br />
.ris qud corpora circum fe ~KWO defcribunt Figtiram/imilcm &<br />
eqtialem deJcribentis, in fubduplicata ratione corporis alter&m S,<br />
.adJ’zmmam corporum S -t- I?.<br />
Namque, ex demonftratione fiperioris Propofitionis, tempora<br />
,quibus arcus quivis dimiles T 2 & pq defcribuntur, fknt in fibduplicata<br />
ratione diitantiarum CT Sr SI) vel sp, hoc efi, in $ubduphcata<br />
ratione corporis Sad fummam corporum S+ T. Et componendo,<br />
fumma temporum quibus arcus omnes fimiles T $j & p LJ<br />
defcribuntur, hoc ef& tempera tota quibus Figurat: tot= fimiles dekribuntur,<br />
Cum in eadem fubduplicata ratione. $& E. ‘22.<br />
PRO-
PIi,OPOSlTIO LX. THEOREhlA SSiII.<br />
Nam.fi defcrcriptz Ellipfes efint fibi invicem squa.IesJ tcmpora<br />
period& (per Theorema Cuperius) forent in f&~duplicata ratl~~~<br />
corporis S ad fimwnam corporum S +T. hlinuatur in hat rati<br />
ternpus periodicurn in EllipG pofkeriorc, & rempora periodica cvadent<br />
xqualia; Ellipkos autem axis principalis (per Prop. xv.] m:nueeur<br />
in ratione cujus lzsc elt Mquiplicata, id efi in ratione, CU”~:~S<br />
ratio S ad S + T efi triplicata j adeoque erit ad axem principkn<br />
Ellipfeos alterius , ut prima duarum medie proportionalium inter<br />
s+P & Sad S-0’. Et imveri‘e, axis principalis Ellipkos circa<br />
corpus,‘mobile &f&ripLz erit ad axem principalem dct’cripcz ci~cw~<br />
inlmobile, ut &+cp ad primam duatum mcdie proporcisnakm b?;-<br />
ter &Q-P &S. 2p.D.<br />
PROPOSITZO EXI. THEOREhl,t^i XXIV.<br />
Nam vires illa, quibus corpora fe mutuo trahunt, t~~~~~d~<br />
,ad corpora ) tendunt ad com,mune graviratis centrum ~nteymc-<br />
*dnm 3
12~: bh 1’ Cl dium ) nclcoque ezcwdem firnt ac ii a corporc intcrmcdio lllalzaw<br />
r:,na P ox Ll !‘I Jyellt* & E. cD.<br />
Et: quonian~ data cit. ratio difiantix corporis utriufvis a WIltTo<br />
ill0 communi ad dil]rantiam corporis cjufdcm a corporc altcro, da*<br />
bitLIr rario cujufvis potchris difhnth unius ad tandem pot~fiatcm<br />
dithnti;c altcrius; ut & ratio quantitatis cujufiris, qu32 cx una<br />
difi;lntin $L quantitatibus datis utcunque dcrivatur, ad quantitatem<br />
aliatu, qux ex alrcra diflantia & quantitatibus totidcm datis datamque<br />
illam diiktr~tiarum rationem ad priorcs habcntibus fhiliter<br />
derivatur. Froinde,fi vis, qua corpus umm ab altcro trahitur, fit<br />
dire& vcl invcrfe ut dilt-ancia corporum ab inviccm j VC~ ut CJWG<br />
libct hujus ditkwtin: pot&s; WI denique UC qwltitns qu;t”v~s ex<br />
hat difiantia &z’quantitatibus datis quomodocunque dcrivara : wit<br />
cadem vis, qw corpus idem ad ~onm~~~~~e graviratls cmtrum trahicur,<br />
dir&c jridcm vcl invcrfc ut corporis attra&i dihrrtia a cc&<br />
~ro illo communi, vel ut eadem dikmtiz hujus pot&as, vcX dcnique<br />
UC quanticas cx 1x1~ difiantia & analogis quantitatibus daris’hiliter<br />
dcrivata, Hoc efi, Vis trahentis eadcm crit l;ex ref’e-<br />
&u difinxke utriufquc. &E. D,
PRINCIPIA MATHEM~ucA.<br />
Jj3<br />
EX datis corporum motibus fib initio, datur uniformis motlls t,i;; ;,‘t<br />
oentri communis gravitatis ) it & 1Ilotlls fpatii quad una cum hoc i’aC’ ‘.f:”<br />
centro movetur uniformiter in dire&urn, net non corporunl rile.<br />
t-US initiales refpeQu hujus fpatii. &lotus autem fiibkquentes<br />
(per Legum Corollarium quinturn, & Theorema noviflimum)<br />
perinde fiunt in hoc fpatio, ac ii fpatium ipfum una cum cornmuni<br />
ill0 gravitatis centro’ quiefceret3 & corpora non traherenc $2<br />
mutuo, fkd a corpore tertio Vito in centro illo traherentur. Corporis<br />
igitur alterutrius in hoc fpatio mobili, de loco data, fecundum<br />
datam re&am, data cum velocitate exeuntis, k vi centripeta<br />
ad centrum illud tendente correpti, determinandus efi motus per<br />
Problema nonum & vicefimum fextum: & habebitur limul mutus<br />
corporis alterius e regione. Cum hoc mote componendus<br />
efi uniformis ille Syfiematis fpatii & corporum in eo gyranrium<br />
motus progreGvus fupra inventus , & habebitur mows abiblutus<br />
corporum in fpatio immobili J& E, 2.<br />
PROPOSITIO LXlV. PROBLEMA XL,<br />
Ponantur prim0 corpora duo T& L commune habenria gravitatis<br />
ten trum 9, Dekribent hzc (per Corollarium primum ‘I’heo~<br />
rematis XXI) Ellipfes centra habenres in 23, quarum magnitudo ex<br />
Problemate’v, innotefcit.<br />
Trahat jam corpus tertium<br />
S priora duo T & L viribus<br />
acceleratricibus ST., SL,<br />
& ab ipGs vicifim trahatur.<br />
‘Yis ST (per Legum Cor. 2 .)<br />
refolvitur in vires SCD, ‘D Tj<br />
8r vis S-i; in vires SD, D L.<br />
Yires autem 2) T, 2> L, qua:<br />
lrunt ut ipfarum kimma TL,<br />
acq ue adeo ‘ut vires accelerat&es<br />
quibus corpora I & L k mutuo trahunt, addire *his vi&<br />
bus corporum T & ~5, prior priori & pofierior pofleriori, corn--<br />
ponunt vires diitantiis I) T ac 5!J L proportionales,<br />
X<br />
ut prius, fed<br />
viribus
Ifi4 PHILOSc)P%4XB NATURALIS<br />
I-) E ~0 T IJ viribus prioribus majores 5 adeoquc (per CoroI. I. Prop. x. & ~orol,<br />
I 8r 8. Prop. I V) eft-iciunt ut corpora illa defkribant EtlipfGs ut prizts,<br />
fed motu celeriore. Vires reiiqux acceleratrices STI & $53, a&iojnibus<br />
kmtricibus SB X T & Sz> X L, qux runt ut corpora ) trah~do<br />
corpora illa zquditer 8~ ficundum lineas ~1, L+. K, ipfi 2, J’<br />
paraileias, nil mutant iitus ebrum ad invic~n, fed faciwxt ut Jpfi<br />
zqual-itet .accedant ad linean PK; qwrn du~fiam 3concipe per medium<br />
corporis 3, & Iinez z)S pe~pcnd.icula~wn. hp&eQl.r ax&<br />
zem ifie ad lineam JKacceffus fa&ndo ut Sykema corporCum T & L<br />
CX Lllla yarre, & CorplS S ex PItbra, jufkis cum vdoci~~atibus, gytzentur<br />
circa commirnc :gravicatis cen’tr.tim 6. Tab mctu cer;pus 8<br />
(eo quad fumma %ium kr%otricium $‘m x T & $9 K ,L, d$fiau-<br />
X;ia C S ~proporcionalium ) tendit verfus centrmn .C) ~d&&4.Gt El-<br />
~ORI’ORUI\I<br />
lip&2 circa idem c; & ptit~&rrm D, & ,proportion&s C$, :C$?&<br />
d&dbet l31~~ip$i~1 ~co-nk&dem e Fegimc, -Gorpora plltem ‘r & fi<br />
viribus motricibus SC9 x 37 ~~.............................,.......,..,,.,.............. .,... ok<br />
2% $9 XL, (prius priore, 1<br />
pofierius $o.fiepioEe] &Qu~~ $@-‘us,v - ” --<br />
liter & fecundum lineas pa- .;<br />
raJ.l&& -rf & .h .J{ :cat .dic- i<br />
\ B<br />
rum eR ) attratia, pergent<br />
\<br />
( per Le&uih Corollarium Kimw ,.. i<br />
.... . I ......... ....... . ...\ ............ I. L...........,., **,,.,,."'",L<br />
quintum & kxtum)circa cen- \ ‘IL<br />
&urn mobile 59 Ellipfes,fuas<br />
GJT<br />
‘~~~~~be~e,-~r~p~ius. $& 25. J,<br />
‘&ld$tbk. j;i& empus quarturn 7, “8~ fimili argumerito conclude-<br />
‘fur ‘hoc ‘& .pLiii&urn C ‘Ellip’fes circa omnlum commune centrum<br />
gravitatis B defcribere j maneutibus motibus .priorum xo~p’otluril<br />
7; L & S circa centra 13 & C, fkd paulo acce!ecatis. Et eadem<br />
methodo corpora plura adjungere licebk Z& 23 1.<br />
I&c ita fe habent ubi corpora T & Z rrahunt fe mutuo viribus<br />
acckleratricibus majoribus vei minoribus quam quibus trahunt carpa<br />
r&qua pro ratione difiantiarum. Sunto.mutu;r: omp@ti .sttri&iones<br />
acceleratrices ad invicem ut difiantiz duEkc. m .COI+~O-.<br />
raitrahentia, ,EZ ex pracedentibus facile- dedueetur , quad CO~PQ=<br />
ohlnia 3equalibus.temporibus periodicis -.Ellipfes vwlas 2 .&a om-<br />
Ilium commune gravitatis centrum Bs in @ano immobih @fir+<br />
knt. .&&J$L : L<br />
‘y&Q4
PRINCIPIA<br />
MATE-IEh\/fATICA.<br />
l,fi Propofitione filperiore demonfiratus cfi cafils ubi m~tus piuyes<br />
peraguntur in Ellipfibus accurate. Qo magis recedit Lex vi-.<br />
km a Lege & pofica, eo magis corpora perturbabunt InLltuos<br />
mxus i neque fieri potefi tit CorporaJ kcundum Legem hit pofitani<br />
k mutuo trahentia, moveantur in Ellipfibus accurate, 11% fervando<br />
certam proportionem diitantiarum ab invicem, In fequentibus autern<br />
cafibus non multum ab Ellipfibus errabitur.<br />
42s. I. Pane corpora plura minora circa maximum aliquod ad<br />
.*varias ab eo difiantias revoIviJ cendantque ad fkguIa vircs abfolud<br />
.kz proportionales iifdem corporibus. Et quoniatn omniurn coma<br />
mune gravitatis cencrum (per Legum Coral. quarturn) vel quiefiir<br />
vel movetur uniformirer in dire&urn I fingamus corpora minora<br />
tam parva cffe, ut corpus maximum nunquam difiet fenfibi-<br />
.licer ab hoc ‘centro: & maximum illud vel quieket ve1 mavebitur<br />
,uniformiter in dire&urn, abfque errore fenfibili; minora autem re-<br />
.~ol.ventur circa hoc maximum in Ellipfibus, atque radiis ad idem<br />
cdw!?is defiribent areas temporibus proportionaIes j nifi quarenus<br />
errores inducuntur, vel per ercorem maximi a communi ill0 graviratis<br />
centro, vel per a&ones minorum corporum in fi mucuo. Diminui<br />
aurem poirunc corpora minora ufque donec error ifie & acriones<br />
mutuaz fint daeis quibufvis minores, atque adeo donec Orbes<br />
.ib;um Ellipfibus quadrentJ & areaz refpondeant temporibus, abfque<br />
errore qui non fit minor quovis dare, $ E. 0:<br />
.Cas. 2. Fingamus jam SyItema corporum mmorum modo jam<br />
defcripto circa maximum revolventium, aliudve quodvis d:iorun~<br />
circum Te mutuo revolventium corporum Syfiema progredl w&ormiter<br />
in dire&urn, & interea vi corporis akerius lorlge maximi k<br />
ad magnam difianriam Gti urgeri ad latus. Et q”oniam zquales<br />
vires accelerarrices, quibus corpora ~Gcundum lineas parallelas urgentur9<br />
non mutant fitus corporum ad invicem 3 fed UC Syh1.2<br />
totum, fervatis partium motibus inter fe, fimul transferatur, eficruntz<br />
manifefium eft quad, ex atcraaionibus in corpus maxlmw<br />
x2<br />
nulla
12,~ ?dWr II llulln prorfiis orictur nwt:~ri() fl~~~~ ‘us attrafZkorum inrcr fee, nifi ve1<br />
i; CJ It I’ 0 IL u a1 ex attra&i~onL]m accclcrzltricum irwqualitate, WI ex inchnatione li-<br />
llc;lrLinl ad j~~viccL11, f&JdUi~l qU”S mratiiones fitlllt. Polle ergo<br />
at[rafiiOlleS 0mllcS ?cceleratrices in COrpUS maximum efi inter fe<br />
rccjproce 11~ quadraca difiantiarum j k, augcndo corporh maximi<br />
difiantiam, donec reBarum ab 110~ ad rcliqua CIU&II*LI~I diflkrcnti;E<br />
rc+eLqu earurn Iongitudinis & inclinationes ad inviccm mineres<br />
firIt quam datx qwwis, perfeverabunt motus partirrm Syfiematis<br />
inter i’c :tbfQue erroribrlls qui non fitIt qUibLJfViS datis minores.<br />
Ec quoniam, o b exiguam parcium illarum ab inviccrn clifiantiam,<br />
Syfiema torum ad modwm corporis unius attrahitur ; movcbitmr<br />
j-den1 lxx attraltione ad modam corporis utlius; hoc cfi, cenrro<br />
iilo gravitatis d&Abet circa corpus maximum SeQiot~cm aliquarn<br />
Conicam ( viz. Hyperbolam vel Parabolam nttraQione languida<br />
~1.lipfin forciore, ) 6~ Radio ad maximum du&o dehibet areas<br />
tempcribus proportionales, a bfque ullis crroribus, tlifi quas parrium<br />
difiantlll: ( perexigw fanc & pro hbitu minuetld~) vakant<br />
efficerc. ,.gJ. 0.<br />
Simili arguments pergere keE ad cafiis magis compofiras it] in*<br />
fi11itu111.<br />
Cwol. I. III cab f&undo; quo propius acccd’it corpus c.whum<br />
.rnaximum ad Sytkma duorum vel plurium, co magis turbabuntur<br />
rnotus parrium Syffcmatis inter ie ; propterea quod hearurn a cot?--<br />
pore nwximo ad has du&arum jam major elE- inchatio ad invicem,<br />
majorque proporriouis itwqualitas.<br />
CO~OZ. 2. Maxime autem turbabuntur, ponwdo quad attra&io-<br />
31~s acceleratrices partium Syfiematis verfils corpus omnium maxiznum,<br />
non fiat ad invicem reciproce ut quadrara difiantiarum a<br />
corpore ill0 maximo j prekrtim fi proportioflis hLIjuS inazqualit,zs<br />
major fir quam inzqualitas proportionis d.ifhtiarum a corpore<br />
maximo: Nam fi vis acceleratrix, zqualiter & fkcundum lincas parallelas<br />
agcndo, nil perturbat motUS illtCr fC, flCCCff”c eA ut Cx a&i-<br />
‘onis inaqualitate perturbatio oriatur, majorque fir vel minor pro<br />
ma jore vel minore inaquali ta te. Exccff~~s iinpuIL?wn majorum,<br />
agelYdo in Gq,ua corpora & non agenda in ah3 tiecefirio n%utabunt<br />
fiturn eorurn inter fe, Et IXEC pcrturbatio, addita perturbationi<br />
~ux ex linearam inclinatione & inxqualicate oritur, majorehn<br />
reddet erturbationem totam,<br />
Cwo f . ?;, Unde ii Syfiematis hujus partcsin EllipGbus vel Circ<br />
culis fine perturbatione iniigni movcantur; manifehm efi, qu,<br />
cxdem
u.P, Mo+u uIia tendei~te ad T & oriundaa mutua attra&ione corporum T&F.<br />
h:O~~I’o~~hl N[ac vi fola corplls P circum corpus T, five immotum five llae<br />
attra&kione agicacunh defcribere deberet & areas, radio T’T, tex+<br />
poribus proportionale% & Elliph cui umbilicus efi in centro carporis<br />
T. Patet 110~ per Prop. XI. & Corollaria 2 & 3 TIleOr. XXI. Vis<br />
altera en attrafiionis L illll qua quoniam tcndit a P a! T, tipwaddita<br />
vi ,priori coiilcidet cum ipfi, & fit faciet Ut areX etlamllUm temP<br />
poritus proportionales dcfcribantur per ,corol. 3. Theor. XXI. At<br />
qiloiiiah 11011 eit qtw~r3td difiatititi 2” T reciproce proportionalis,<br />
cbmpollet ~a win vi priore vim ab hat proporttone abc!raarem, idqLle<br />
eo magis q~~omajor eB proportio hLIJLlS ws ad vim prior:em,<br />
czteris ~paribus~ Proinde, cum. ( per Prop. XI, & per Corol. 2,<br />
~heor. +I) vis qua, kllipfis circa umbilicum “I” defcrib$ur tendere<br />
debeat ad ~n~biikxun illum, 8r: e& quadrato difiantia ‘5? T reciproce<br />
Fj~cQjortiofiaIis j vis illa<br />
compofita, a:berrando<br />
ab bat proportionc, fa> .<br />
ciet Lit’ Orbis PA B<br />
abey+t a forfila Eflip- .$<br />
fios unibiktih hab&-<br />
tisin Sj idquc eo magis<br />
quo major eit: abefratio<br />
ab hat propos-<br />
Cone; atque adeo etiam<br />
qLl0 major eiI proportio vis fecundx L iWad vim grimam, ca-<br />
;teris paribus. Jam vero vis tertia S-M, trahcndo corpus ‘P fecun;i<br />
dum lineam ipfi ST parallclaml componet cum viribus prioribus<br />
vim quz non amplius dirigitur a T in T, q~~zq’quc ab hat determinatione<br />
tanto magis aberrat, quanta major efi proportia hujus.tor~<br />
.tia vis ad vires priores, cxteris paribus; atque adeo q,u3c faciet ut<br />
corpus F, radio 27’ 3 areas non amplius temporibos praportiomales<br />
deiiribat, atque aberratio ab hat proportionalitare ut talxosma-<br />
.jor fit, quanto major cfi proportio vis hujus tcrtix. ad vires cxteras,<br />
Orbis vero TAB aberrationcm a forma Elliptica prxf’ata hxc<br />
vis.tertia duplici de caufa adnugcbit, turn quad rlon dirigacur a rip<br />
?d-2; tush etiam $uod non fit proportionalis quadraro diflantix F 2Y<br />
QGbus intellclEEis~ manifcfium eR qwd arcx temporibus turnsmaxime<br />
fiunt proportionales, ubi vis tettia, mauentibus viribus ~g:ke-<br />
AS, fit minima j ,& ciuod Orbis T ~$23 turn maxime acredit ad,przfiitzm<br />
forntarn ~Ellipticam, ubi vhtam ,fecuuda ~ju~m tcrtia, fad prs-<br />
~alpuc vis tcrtia, fit knima3 vi prima m:lne/lte;<br />
Expo-
PRINCIPI’A<br />
MATHEh4AAT’fC:A.<br />
‘Exponatur corporis T attrafiio accekratrix vcrfY,ls J per lillcanl ,<br />
s1\T; k fi attraaiones accelcratrices SM, SN aquaics efl&,t; ha, I\~~~~~~:.<br />
whdo corpora T k T squaliter & fecundqm lineas parallelas,<br />
~1 nwarent firurn eorum ad invicem. fidem jam forent corporum<br />
-kk3rU1~l mOtUS inter<br />
i’e (per Legurn C’orol. 6.) ac fi hx atera&-+<br />
me5 tollerentnr. Et pari ratione fi attra&io SN minor c&r at-<br />
42w%one SlM .tollercr ipfi attra&ionis SAW partem JlT, & ma-<br />
-3wret #pars fola MN, qua temporum &. arearum pl*QPortionali[as<br />
tk 0flbiCZ :forma illa ElJiptica perWr&aretur. Et limiliter fi attrat&ho<br />
SN major e.&t attrahone S i& oriretur .ex dift’ercntia fola<br />
ME perturba.tio ,pxo,portionalitatis & OrbitE, Sic per atrra&jo-<br />
nem SN reducirur fcmper attraho tertia ikperior SM ad attra-<br />
~CKXUZ~ JIXV; a~ttra&ione prima & fecunda manentibus prorhs im-<br />
nGr?<br />
~~~JJJSOPEIIA;. T\ltATURALIs<br />
1) E hb.7 1 ‘I LbroJ, 2, In Syflemate vero trium corporum T, !?J $9 fi attraei-<br />
do 11 I‘ u RLr sI oneS acceIcratrices binmum quorumcunque in tertjum fint ad invi-<br />
,ceM reciproce Llc quadrata difiantiarum; CO~PUST, radlofP2; areaJ1l<br />
circa corpses T velocius defcribec prope Conjuaeionem 4 & Op-<br />
PoGt-oncm 5, quam prope Quadracuras C, fz). Namquevlsomnis<br />
qt1a corpus I’ LJJ -rrei-ur D & corpus T non urgetur, quaeque non agit<br />
{ecull&lm lineal11 Tipr accelerat vel retardat defcriptjonem are%,<br />
.perinde ut ipfi in mnfecpentia vel in antecedentia dlrlgltuc Talk<br />
Ed vis N1\f. HXC in tranfitu corporis T a C ad A rendit in con-<br />
.ikqwentia, motumque accelerat j dein ufque ad I) in antecedentia,<br />
& motum retardat 5 turn in conkquentia ufque ad B, 6~ ultimo in<br />
.antecedentix crant’eundo a B ad C.<br />
CQ~O/. 3, Et eodem argument0 patet quod corpus T, cZteris pa-<br />
-ribus, velocius movetur in Conjun&ione & oppafitione quam in<br />
Qadraturis.<br />
ho&, 4. Orbita corporis T, cazreris paribus, curvier tfi in Qa-<br />
.draturis quam in ConjunEtione & Oppofitione. Nam corpora ve-<br />
Iociora minus deflec-<br />
,tunta reQ0 tramite. Et<br />
.przterea vis KL vel<br />
AIM, in ConjunBionc<br />
& Oppoficione, con- $<br />
fraria efi vi qua corpus<br />
Ttrahit corpus T,<br />
-adeoque vim illam mi-<br />
XiUit j corpus autem F<br />
minus de&Ret a re&o<br />
,tramite, ubi minus urgetur in corpus ‘T.<br />
CoroC. 5. Unde corpus Tip, czteris par&us, longius recedeta carpore<br />
T in Qadraturis, quam in Cu~~jun&ione&Oppofitkme. I&c<br />
ita k habent exclufo motu Excentricitatis. Nam fi Orbita corpo-<br />
.ris P excentrica fit: Excentricitas ejus (ut mox in hujus C&o]. 9,<br />
x3fiendetur) evadet maxima u bi Apfides funt in Syzygiis j indeque<br />
fkri .po.tefi ut corpus T, ad Ap.fidem fummam appellans, &fit lollgius<br />
a corpore “2” in Syzygiis quam in Qadraturis.<br />
Cofwl. .6. C&oniam vis centripeta corporis centralis T, qua car-<br />
‘Pus 13 retinetur in Qrbe fuo, augetur in Qadraturis per ad&&-<br />
nem vis Lf?& x dim@uitur in Syzygiis per &lationem vis KL, &<br />
~b magnitudinem vis K %I, magis diminuitur quam augetur j ee au-<br />
;tem VIS illa centripeta (per Coral. 2, Prop. IT.> iI] ratione compo-<br />
Jita Ed ratione fim$itii radii TT dire&e & ,ratione duplicata tempo-<br />
ris
PRINCIPIA MATWEMATI~A~ 1Gr<br />
ris periodici inverk: paw hanc rationem compo~ta~ dinlillui per ; ‘I 7,<br />
a&k&m Vis ICE, adeoque tempus period&m, fi ma,IcLt ~~~~~~ 11 I4 II<br />
radius Tp, augeri, idque in iilbduplicata rationc qua vis illa ccrIrfipeta<br />
diminuitur : aufioque adeo vel diminuto hoc Radio, eclIz..<br />
pus t3criodicu.m augeri magis, vel diminui minus qualn in Radii ilen-<br />
Jus ratione fefquiplicata, per Corol, 6. Prop. 1~. $ vis il[J coryoris<br />
centralis paulatim languefcerer, corpus T minus ikmper ‘c; nlinhns<br />
~~~r~~um perpetuo recederet longius a centro 27; ‘& contra9 fi vis<br />
illa abgeretur, accederet propius. Erg0 G a&io corporis ~or;ginqui<br />
3, qua vis illa diminuitur, augeatur 11c diminuatur per vices;<br />
augebitur fimul ac diminuetur Radius TP per VLCC-$, k ecnlplls peL<br />
riodicum augebitur ac diminuetur in ratione cornpofir:l cs ratiolIe<br />
Gfquiplicata Radii & ratione &bduplicata qua vis i\Ia centripcca<br />
corporis centralis T, per incrementum vel decremencum ;~&ionis<br />
corporis longinqui S, diminuitur vel augetur.<br />
Carol. 7. Ex pramiffls conkquitur etinm quod Elllipfe~s a c(prpore<br />
T defcriptg Axis, Ceu Apfidum l&a, quoad motum angula*<br />
rem progreditur & regreditur per vices, fed magis tamen progreditur,<br />
84 in iingulis coryoris revolutionibus per cxce(lirm progrcC<br />
. fionis fertur in conkquentia. Nat-n vis qua corpus fp u~getur irn<br />
corpus T in Qadraturis , ubi vis MN evanuit, componltur e-x vi<br />
1; M & vi centripetaqua corpus T trahit corpus T. Vis prior L k5<br />
fi augeatur difiantia T Z-, augetur in eadem fere ratione cum hat<br />
difiantia, & vis pofierior decrefcit in duplicata iila ratione, ackoque<br />
fumma harum viriuni decrefcit in n$nore quam dupticata ra.-<br />
tione difiantitr: T T, & proprerea (per coral. I. Prop, X LV) &kit<br />
UC Aux, fcu ~pfis fumma, regrediatur. In Conjuni-:tipne vero &z<br />
Oppo~t~or~e, vis qua corpus T urgetur in corpus T dtfferencia elk<br />
inter vim qua corpus T trahit corpus T &Z vim KL j Sr ditkrew<br />
tia illa, propterca quad vis KL, augetur quarnproximc in ratione<br />
&fiantix bp r, decrefcit in majore quam dupl$ta rat&X. difiantiz<br />
cp T, &oque (per Coral. I. Prop. XLV) efhclt Ut Aux progrediatur.<br />
In loeis &tcr Qzygias 6% Qadraturas pendet motw AU-<br />
&is cx cauh utraque conjun&im, adeo ut ro hujus vel alterius<br />
exceru progrediatur ipfa vei regrediatur. s nde cum vis KL in<br />
syzygiis iit quafi duplo major quam vis L M in Qadraturls, esceflus<br />
ill tota revolutione erit penes vim K L3 tr:~~~sfer~tcluc 4u-<br />
gem ~~gulis revolutionibus in conkquentia. Veritns nucem hu]us<br />
&- pracedentis CorolIarii facilius intellir;etur concipiendo Syitelna<br />
corporum duorum 7; T corporibus pluribus S, S, S, 8~ l?,()v<br />
be: ;E 8~ confilt_cntibus, undique$ngi. Namque hum a&la;:; u
16% p~~fxxxx-Wr~ NATWRAus<br />
I;)~ MOT u t.>~s a&h ipfius T millaetur undique, decreketque in ratione phi’-<br />
c ~RPUI~ 1j h1 quam duplicata difiantix.<br />
CO&. 8. Cum autem pendeat Apiidum progrenirs vcl regreffus<br />
a decremenfo vis centripcttl: fa&o in majori vel mhori quam duglicata<br />
ratione diltantia TT, in tranfitu corporis ab Apfide ima<br />
ad ApGdem fhnmam > ut St a fimili incremcnro in reditu ad Apiidem<br />
illlZl~ll j atque, adeo maximus fit ubi proportio vis in. Apfide<br />
~,~~mmad vim in Ap.i’ide ima maxime recedit a duplicata ra,tione<br />
difiantiarum inverfa : manifefium cfi quad Apfides in Syzygiis..<br />
ikis, per vim ablatiriam I< L kccu A?M-- PI M, progredienc+uf VClocius,<br />
inque Quadra&s his tardius recedent per vim addltltiam<br />
k; &‘. Ob diutuhitatcm vero temporis quo velocitas progreffus vel<br />
garditxs regreffirs continuatw fit lwc in3equalitas Ionge maxima.<br />
~aroj. 9, Si corpus aliquod vi reciproce proportionali quadracw<br />
diftantize tux a ceijtro, revolveretur circa hoc centrum in Ellipfi,<br />
& mox, in defcenh ab Ayfide fumn? Cell Auge ad Apfidem<br />
imam, vis illa per weirurn perpetuum vls now2 augeretur in raw<br />
aione phfquam du plicata<br />
ciiltatltize dimhutc7:<br />
: inanifefium Cfi<br />
quad corpus) pcrpe-<br />
$uo acceffi vis illius<br />
now impulfum femper<br />
in cenCcum, magis<br />
vergeret in hoc celltrum,<br />
‘qua” ii urgeretur<br />
vi .fola crci‘cente<br />
.._<br />
in duplicata ratione difiantia? diminut;te, adeoq,tlc Orbcm dcl’criberet<br />
Orbe Elliptico interiorcm, 8r in Apfidc lma propius accc-<br />
&ret ad centrum quam prius. Orbis igitur , acceflu hujus vis noa<br />
vx, fiet magis excentricus, Si jam vis, in recc’ffu corporis at,<br />
Apfide ima ad Apfidem fi~mmam~ decreficret iifdem gradibus quibus<br />
ante creverat, redirct corpus ad difiantialzz priorem, adcoquc<br />
fi vis decrefiat in majori, ratione, corpus jam nunus attra&um afcendet<br />
ad .dihntiam majorem & fit Orbis Excentricitas adhc ma*<br />
gis au ebitur. I&w fi ratio incrementi & decrementi vis cent&<br />
peta: f; mgulis rcvolurio~~ibus augcatur 9 augebitur fimpcr Excel~tricitas;<br />
8tr e contra, diminuetur eadem fi ratio illa decrcfcat, Jam<br />
vero in Syfiemate corporum 2, T, 5’, ubi ApGdes Orbis 50 A.#<br />
liwt in C&acIraturis, ratio. illa incrementi ac decrement$ minima efi,<br />
; ! &.e
p)RIfd CIPIR MATI-IEX~IAT~CA. I G’ j<br />
8~ mak~a fit ubi Apfidcs funt in Syzygiis, Si AP~dcs con~icu3u- ;<br />
tUr in Qk!adratLlris, ratio prope Api’ides njinor eft &- prope‘ srzT~- f”. .‘,I<br />
‘@as major quatll duplicata difiantiarum, & cx ratione iil;t ,~~;ii&<br />
-.-oritur Augis torus velocifimus, uti &I, diQum efi. At ii Coilfideretur<br />
ratio incrementi vel decrementi totius in progrcoil inrcr<br />
APfidesj 11~~ minor efi quam duplicata dihntiarum. Vis 111 ~i”.~<br />
Aide ima efi ad vim in Apfidc fiimma in minore .qua” duP\ic,lta<br />
ratiolIe difiantix Apfidis futnmt~ ab unlbi[ico Eilipfeos ;;J tjifimiam<br />
Apfidis imz ab eodem umbilico : k e contra, u:ll<br />
.+pfides confiituuntur in Syzygiis, vis in Apfide ima efi ad vim<br />
%n Apfide fiunn~a in majore quam duplicate ratione diltanti;lrum<br />
*&fam vires L ik? in Qadraturis additx viribus corporis 7” componunt<br />
vim in ratione minore, 62 vires KL, in Syzygiis f~‘od~.&~<br />
viribus corporis T relinquunt vires in ratione majorc. Eli isktar<br />
ratio decrementi & incrementi totius, in tradh inter Aphh,<br />
minima in Qadraruris, maxima in Syzygiis: et propterea in tramiitu<br />
Apfidum a Qadraturis ad Syzygias perpetuo augetur$ augetque<br />
Excentricitatem Ellipfkos j inque tranlh a SyzygiiS ad<br />
QLuadraturas perpetuo diminuitur, & Excentricitatem dimmuk<br />
Coral. IO. Ut rationem ineamus errorum in Latitudincm, fiug.~-<br />
IIIUS planum Orbis .fZST hnobile manere; & ex errorum expofita<br />
caufa manifefium et? quad, ex viribus NM) ML, qua fht<br />
- ,caufa illa tota, vis ML agenda femper Eecundum planurn Qrbk<br />
SPA B, llunquam perturbat mows in Latitudinem ; quodque visNLlil;<br />
ubi Nodi funt in Syzygiis, agcndo etiam Secundum idem Orbis<br />
planum, non perturbat has motus; ubi vero fiunc.in Qadraturis<br />
e0.s maxime perturbat, corpucque P de plano Orbis fui perpetuo<br />
trahendo, minuit inclinationem plani in tranficu corporis a &I-<br />
,&aturis ad-syzygias, augetque vicifim eandem in tral1fit.u a Syzygiis<br />
ad Quadraturas. Uncle fit ut corpore in Syzygiis exritente HI-<br />
,clinatio evadat omnium minima, redeatque ad priorem magnitudillem<br />
circiter? ubi corpus ad Nodum proximum accedit. At fi Nodi<br />
..conft-tuantur in O&antibus pofi Qadraturas, id eh inter c k J&<br />
m.. & g, inteliigetur ex mode expolitis quad, in trapfit? cqrporis<br />
I) a Nodo alterutro ad gradum inde nonagefimum, whatlo pia-<br />
..ni perpetuo minuitur ; deinde in tranfitu per proximos 45: gradus<br />
%pfque ad Quadraturam proximam, inchatio augetur, & po@J denuo<br />
in tranfitu per ahos 4.5 gradus, ufque *ad Nodurn Pr*xfmumr<br />
diminuitur. Magis itaque diminuitur inchatlo quam 3~2;ctur~ &<br />
,propterea lninor efi fernper-in yo,d” lubbrequente q*am 10 Prgcea<br />
dente.
I).]: :lI,,T 1: den&, Et fimi]i ratiocinio, inclinatio magis augetur quam chin&<br />
c: (,, ii I I) n u 3 tur ubi N& fwlt in O&anribus alteris inter A Sr: 23, B 6-c C. Inclillatio<br />
jgitur ubi Nodi funt in Syzygiis el1 omnium maxima. In<br />
traniitu corum a Syzygiis ad Qadraturas, in hgulis corporis ad<br />
Nodes appullibus3 dmhuitur, firque omnium minima ubi Nodi<br />
iitllt ill Qadraturis & corpus in Syzygiis: dein crefcit i$em gradibus<br />
quibus antea decrevcrat, NodiTque ad Syzygias proxlmas appulfis<br />
ad magnirudinem primam revertitur.<br />
Carol. 1 I. Quoniam corpus T ubi Nodi funt in Qadraturis perpetuo<br />
trahicur de plan0 Orbis fiui, idque in partem vcrfus S, in<br />
CranJitu file a Nodo C per ConjunEt-ionem A ad No&m 59 5 & in<br />
contrariam partern in tranku a Nodo 59 per Oypofitjonem B ad<br />
No&m C; manifefium efi quad in motu fiio a Nodo C, corpus<br />
perpetuo recedit ab Orbis fui piano primo CB, ufque dum perventurn<br />
efi ad Nodunl proximum j adeoque in hoc Nodo, longhEme<br />
difians a piano illo primo CD, tranfir per planun~ @his EST<br />
non in plani illius Nodo alter0 13, fed in pudto quad in& I-W@<br />
ad partes corporis S, quodquc proinde novus efi Nodi locus in anreriora<br />
vergens, Et: fimili argument0 pergenc Nodi recedere in<br />
sraniitu corporis de hoc Nodo in Nodum proximum. Nodi igirur<br />
in Qadraturis confiituti perpetuo recedulltj in Syzygiis (u&i<br />
motus in Latieudinem nil perturbatur) quiefcunt 5 in locis internterfiis,<br />
conditiolkis urriafque participes, recedunt tardius ; adeoques<br />
1 Gmper vel retrogradi vcl fiationarll “) fihlguIis revolutiolaibus feruntur<br />
in antecedentia.<br />
Coral, I 2. Omnes illi in his Corollariis dekripti Errores funt pauc<br />
IO majores in Conjuntiione corporum T, 8 quam in eorum Opl,<br />
pofitione, idque ob majores vires generantes NM & ML,<br />
COPOL 13, Cumque rationes horum Corollariortim non pendeant<br />
a magnitudine corporis S, obtinent pr‘azcedentia omnia, ubi corporis<br />
Stanta itatuitur magnitude ut circa iphm revolvatur coryorum duorum<br />
T & !P Sykema. Et ex au&o corpore S autiaque adeo ipfiws<br />
vi centripeta, a qua errores corporis T oriuntur, evadent. errores j]&<br />
omnes (paribus difiantiis) majores in hoc cafu qwm in. altero, u&<br />
corpus S circum Syftema corporum 5? & T revolvitur.<br />
Cwol. x4. Cum autem vires NM, ML, ubi corpus S Ion&<br />
quum efi, fint quamproxime ut vis,SK & ratio T T ad J’T COINjun&im,<br />
hoc eR, ii detur turn difiantia, 5? T; turn corporis: 3 vis<br />
abfooluta, ut ST Gtik reciproce j fine autem vires ilk ATM, MA<br />
cauk errorum & effek?wm omnium de quibus.aBum efi in .przc~..<br />
CkmibU~
P~I~KXI)IA MATHEMATKXk. I.45 f<br />
d&bus Corohriis: manifefium efi quad eFec?cus illi onms, Ban- ~10 ER<br />
tc corporum T & T Syflemate, & mutaris tantum difianria ST & P131hfUs*.<br />
vi abfoluea corporis S, hc quamyroximc in ratione conrpofica ex<br />
ratione dire&a vis abfolutz corporis S & ratione triplicata inverh<br />
difiantk S*T Wade fi Syfiema corporum T & T revolvatur circa<br />
corpus !on$+~quum 8, vires ills NM2 ML Sr earum eft‘eEi:us<br />
erwt (per C&ol. 2. 3i: 6. Prop. IV.> reciproce in duplicata ratione<br />
temporls periodici. Er inde etiam, ii magnitudo corporis S proportionalis<br />
fit ipfius vi.abfollltz3 erunt vires ilk2 NiV, ML & earum<br />
eft’eh-us diretie u t cu bus diamctri apparentis Ionginqui corporis S e<br />
corpore T fpe&ati, Sr vice verfia. Namque 1132 rationes cLedcm hunt<br />
atque ratio fiperior compofita.<br />
Cowl. IF. Et quoniam ii, manentibus Orbium E $IE & TAR<br />
forma, proportionibus & inclinatione ad invicem, mutetur eorum<br />
magrlicudo, & ii corporum S & r vel maneant vel mutentur vireo<br />
in data quavis ratione,<br />
ha2 vircs (hoc eit,<br />
vis corpdris Tqua corpus<br />
T de reQo tramite<br />
in Orbitam TAB<br />
defle&ere, & vis corporis<br />
S qua corpus<br />
id’em T de Orbita illa<br />
deviare cogitur) agunt.<br />
33,<br />
kmper eodem mo-<br />
do & eadem proporrione: lleceffe efi ut iimiles & proportionales<br />
finr efYe#us omnes & proportionalia eEerttuum tempora j ‘hoc<br />
efi, ut errores omnes lineares ht ut Qrbium diametri, nngulares~<br />
vero iidem qui prius, & errorum Iinearium fimihum vehgularium<br />
xquaiium tempera ut Orbium tempora periodica.<br />
CQP~/. 16. Unde, ii dencur Orbium form% & inclinatio ad’itivicem,<br />
& mutencur utcunque corporwm magnitudines, vires & diifant&;<br />
ex dark erroribus & errorum temporibus in uno Cafu, COIL<br />
Ii@ porkIt errores & errorurn rempora in ah quovis, quam pro;<br />
xime.: Sed brcvius hat Methodo. Vires NM, ML, czceris fian:<br />
ribus, {unt ut Radius TT, & harum &e&us periodici (per CoroL 4<br />
]Lem; x) ut vires & quadraturn temporis periodici cqrporis T conjun&:im.<br />
Hi font: errores lineares corporis .‘T; 8r, I?mc errores an&<br />
pIares e centro I? +Bati (id efi, tam mptus Aug~s & Nodorum,<br />
quam omnes in kongit~~dinem & Latitudinem errores qyarentes)<br />
. ifunt> in qualibet Jewlutione* corporis. a>, ut qnadrhin temporls +<br />
revcly
$736 I)t-iUfEKGHHX NATURAL IS<br />
14,<br />
T4 E M OTIJ revoltitionis quanl proxime. Conjungantur h;z: rationes cum ratio-<br />
~~~~~~~~~~~ niblls Corollarii & in quolibct corporum T, T9 S SyfklllkW%<br />
ubi P circum T fibi propinquum, & T circum S longinquum revolvitur,<br />
errores angulares corporis T, de centro T apparentes,<br />
erutlt, in fingulis revolutionibus corporis illius T, ut quxkmm<br />
tcmporis pcrlodici corporis T dire&e & quadratum temporis periodici<br />
corporis T invcrfe. Et inde motus medius Au@ &tin data<br />
ratione ad mown medium Nodorum; & motus uterque erit ut<br />
quadraturn temporis periodici corporis T dire&e & qtiadratum<br />
temporis periodici corporis T inverie. Augendo vel minuend0<br />
Excencricitarem & Inclinationem Orbis TAB non mutantur mo-<br />
QUS Augis & Nodorum finfibiliter, nifi ubi ezdem fint nimis<br />
magnz.<br />
CoraL 17. Cum autem linea L M nunc major fit nunc minor<br />
quam radius T T, exponatur vis mediocris L M per radium illum<br />
T 2; & erit hec ad<br />
vim mediocrem SK<br />
34 SN (quam exponere<br />
licet per ST) ut<br />
longitude T T ad longitudincm<br />
ST. Efi autern<br />
vis mediocris SN<br />
vel ST, qua corpusT<br />
retinetur in Orbe fro<br />
circum S, ad vim qua<br />
y~orpus T retinetur in Orbe Qo circum T, in rarione compofita ex<br />
ratione radii 5 Tad radium T I, & ratione dupIicata temporis periodici<br />
corporis T circum T ad tempus periodicum corporis T<br />
circum S. Et ex xquo, vis mediocris L M, ad vim qua corpLls<br />
fp rerinetur in Orbe fro circum T ( quave corpus idem T, eodem<br />
tempore periodico, circum pun&urn quodvis immobile 2 ad.<br />
difiantiam T T revolvi poffet) efi in ratione illa duplicata period&<br />
-coTurn temporum. Datis igitur temporibus periodicis una cum difiantia<br />
T 2-3 datur vis mediocris L Mj & ea data, datur etiam vis<br />
&2.iV quamproxime per analogiam linearum T T’ MX<br />
Coral. 18. llifdeti legibus quibus corpus T circum car us T r+<br />
.volvitur 9 fingamus corpora plura fluida circum idem 8 ad aequales<br />
ab ipfo diltantias moveri 5 deinde ex his contiguis faQis confla..<br />
ri Annulum fluidurn, rotundum ac corpori T concentricua; &<br />
.fing& An&i partes, rnotus fuos omnes ad kgem cqrporis T er.<br />
age x do,
age=b propius accedenr ad corpus T, & celerius nlovehuntur L I I! E R<br />
ill Conjun&ione SC: Oppofitione ipfarum & corporis $, qurlm in PKIXVE.<br />
Q7adraturis. Et Nodi Annuli hujus keu interfe&iones ejus cum<br />
plan0 Orbit:r corporisJ$ vel T, quiefcent in Syzy.giis; extra Syzy-<br />
@as vero movebuntur in anteccdentia, & velocttEme quidem In<br />
Quadraturis, tardius aliis in lock. Annuli quoque inclinatio variabitur3<br />
SC axis ejus fingulis revalutionibus ofciliabitur, completaque<br />
revolutione ad priftinum fiturn redibit, nifi quatenus per prac&-<br />
onem Nodorum circumfertur.<br />
Coral. 19. Fingas jam Globun~ corporis T, ex materia non fluida<br />
confiantem, ampliari & exrendi ufque ad hunt Annulurn, & alveo<br />
per circuitum,excavato contincre Aquam, motuque eodem pcriodice<br />
circa axem fi7um uniformiter revolvi. Hit liquor per vices<br />
acceleratus & retardatus (ut in fuperiore Corollario) in Syzygiis<br />
velocior wit , in euadracuris tardior’ quam -fuperficies Globi, &<br />
fit fl~7et ‘in alveo reflnetque ad modum hlaris. Aqua revolvendo circa<br />
Globi centrum q”iefcens, li rollatur attraRio corporis S nultum<br />
acquiret motum fluxus S= refluxws. Par et? ratio Globi uniformiter<br />
progredientis in diretitum & in terea revolventis circa ten trum<br />
fuum (per .Legum Coral, 5.) UC & Globi de cut57 re&ilineo uniformiter<br />
tra&i, per Legum Corol. 6. Accedat autem corpus S,<br />
& ab ipfius.inxquabili atrraAione ?ox turbabitur Aqua. Ecenim I<br />
major erit: attraCti aqus propiorls, minor ea remorioris. Vis<br />
autem .I, n/r trahet aquam deorfum in Quadraturis, facietque ip-<br />
$am dekendeee uI?que ad Syzygias; & vis KL trahct eandem fiirfam<br />
in Syzygiis, fifietque defcenfum ejus & faciet .ipkm akendere<br />
ufque ad Qadraturas.<br />
Coral. 20. Si Annulus jam rigeat 82 minuatur Globus, ceirab<br />
bit motus fluendi & refluendij fed Ofiillatorius ille inclinationis .<br />
nIotu~ S; przcefio Nodorum manebunt, Habeat Globus eundem<br />
axem cum Annulo, gyrolque compleat iifdem temporibus, & fuper-.<br />
ficie cua contingat ipiilm interius, eique inhxreat; Sr parcicipando<br />
m0tum ejw compages<br />
Annuli<br />
urriufque Ofcillabitur & Nodi regredientur,<br />
-Nam Globus, ut mox dicetwr, ad fukipiendas imprelliones,<br />
Omnes indifferens efi. Glob0 orbati maximus inclinationis<br />
angnlus e@ ubi Nodi f~7nt in Syzygiis, Indc in progreiru NodorunI<br />
ad Quadraturas conatur is inckM.ionem ruam minuere, & ifio<br />
conaru motum imprimit Globo toti. Retinet Globus motum imgr.efum<br />
ufque dum Annulus .conatu cantrarlo motum h~nc tollat.~<br />
imprimatque motum novt7m In contrariam partem: Atque ha! ratLone
1) n, bl,2 1 ,, tione maximus decrcfcentis inclinationis motUs fit in QUadratUriS<br />
LIO:PO~;E!I Nodorum , & mi&uS inclinationiS angulus in CXkwtibus po&<br />
Quadraturas ; dein maximus reclinatiqnis mOtUS in syzygiis, &<br />
nlaximus angulus in OL%antibus proximls. ,Ft eadem efi ratio GI+<br />
I_li Alll~ulo nudati, qui in regionibus ZqUa%-kis Vel altior eft paulo<br />
qum juxta poloS3 vel confiat ex materia paulo denfiore. sup.<br />
@et enim vicem Annuli iite mat&z in zqUa+tori~ regionibus excefiilponantur omnes ejus partes deorfUm> ad modurn gravir~~~ciUrn<br />
partium telluris, tamen Fbanomena hjus & pracedentis<br />
Corollnrii vix inde mutabuntur.<br />
Coral. 21, Eadem ratione qua materia Globi juxta aquatorem<br />
aedundans eflicit ut Nodi regrediantur, atque adeo per. hujus incrementum<br />
augetur ifie regreffLw, per diminutionem vero diminuitUr<br />
& per ablationem tOlIitUr j f+ materia plufquam redundans toI-<br />
Iatur, hoc eR, ii Globus juxta zquatorem vk.1 depreifior reddatur<br />
vel rarior quam juxta poloS, orietur motus Nodorum in coilfiquentia.<br />
Cowl. 22. Et inde+viciQim, ex motu Nodorum innotefkit confiicutio<br />
Globi. Nimirum ii Globus poles eofdem conRanter fervat,<br />
& motus fit in antecedentia, materia juxta aquatorem redundat;<br />
ii in conkquentia, deficit. Pone Glcbum uniformem & perktie<br />
circinatum in fpatiis liberis primo quiefiere; dein impetu qLtocunque<br />
obIique in hperficiem fuam faQo propelli, & motum inde<br />
concipere partim circularem, partim in dire&urn.-. Qoniam .Glo-<br />
:bus ifie ad axes. omnes per centrum fuum tranfeuntes indifferenter<br />
fe habet, neque propenfior efi in unum axem, unumve axis ‘fitumj<br />
quam in aliLlm quemvis j per+icuulG ef% quad is axem.fUum axif:<br />
que inclinationem vi propria nunquam mutabir. Impellatur jam<br />
Globus oblique, in eadem illa fuperficiei parte qua prius, impulfu<br />
quocunque nova; & cum citior vel @ior impulfus effeQun1 nil<br />
mutet, manifeitum efi quod hi dUo impulfus fucceilive imprea<br />
eundem producent motum ac G fimul impreffl fuiffent, hoc kfi,<br />
eundem ae fi Globus vi limplici ex utroque (per Legum Core]. 2,)<br />
.compofita impulfiis fuiiret , atque adeo fimplicem , circa axem ina<br />
clinatione datum. Et par efi ratio impulfus kundi fa&i in IOcum<br />
alium quemvis in azquatore motus primi j ut & impulfus pri;<br />
mi fa&i in locum quemvis in zquatore motus, quem impulfis f&<br />
cunduS abfque primo generaret j atque adeo impulfuum amborum<br />
.Mk2kwn in loca quzrcunque : Generabwt hi eundem rnatum ci>rcwkkem
cularem ac fi fimul & fifemel in locum interi‘efiioilis qwc~tx~ 1.. : 1: i *<br />
motuum illorum , quos feorfim generarent, fuiiknt impr&<br />
Globus igitur homogeneus & perfefius non retinet motus p~ures<br />
diitin&os, i‘ed impreffos omnes componit & ad unum reducit, &<br />
quatenus in k eR, gyratur femper motu fimplici & uniformi circa<br />
axem unicum, indinatione femper invariabili datum. Sed ncc vis<br />
centripeta inclinationem axis , aut rotationis velocitatem mutare<br />
pot&. Si GEobus piano quocunque, per centrum lilum & tenfrum<br />
in quod vis dirigirur tranfeunte,dividi intelligatur in duo hennifphzeria<br />
5 urgebit kmper vis illa utrumque hemifphzrium aqua*<br />
liter, & propterea Globum, quoad motum rotationis, nullam in<br />
partem inclinabit. Addatur vero alicubi inter polirm & aquatorem<br />
materia nova in formam montis cumulata3 & hrc, perpetuo<br />
conatu recedendi a centro I%i motus, turbabic motum GIobi, faall<br />
cietque polos ejus errarc per ipfius iilperficiem,. k circulos circum<br />
ti pun&umque fibi oppoiitum perpetuo dekribere. Neque corrigeeurifia<br />
vagationis enormitas, nifi locando montem ilium vel in polo<br />
alterutro, quo in Cafii (per Coral, zx) Nodi azquatoris progrediewtur;<br />
vel in azquxtore , qua ratione (per Coral. 20) Nodi regredientur;<br />
vel denique ex altera axis parte addend0 materjam novam,<br />
qua mans inter movendum libretur, & hoc patio Nodi vel pro-<br />
gredientur, vel recedent, perinde ut mans & hwce nova mareria<br />
Cunt vel polo vel zquatori propiores.<br />
_ PROPOSITIO LXVII. THEOREMA XXVII.<br />
PO&S i$dem attraEionum legibus, &co quad corps exterim So<br />
circa int&ortlti P, T corrmwne graruitadis centrum c, radik<br />
ad cenmm dhd dtifi%, deJcribit mea5 tempo&m magti proportionales<br />
& ~rbem dd formam HZpJeos mnbilhxm i~z centro<br />
eodem habentis ma@ accedclatem, quam circa corpm intimm<br />
& mm&num T, radiis dd ipJTm dh%, deJcribere poteD.<br />
Nam corporis 5’ attraaiones verfus T& T componunt ipfius attra&ionem<br />
abfolutam, quz magis dirigitur in corporum T& T commune<br />
gravitatis centrum C, quam in corpus maximum T, qwque<br />
quadrato difiantix SC magis efi proportionalis reciproce, quam<br />
quadrato d&u&-57: ut rem perpendenti facile confiabit.<br />
25 PR..o--<br />
I’ i: 1 hi ‘.’ *
P~OI’OSITIO LXVIII. THEOREMA XXVII:,<br />
~OJitis iiJdern nttru&onum legibus, dice quad corpw exteriw sJ<br />
circa interiorurn I? & T commune grawitatis Gentrum C, rd.<br />
d$s ad centrum il%d dzk%s, deJcribit -urea tewporibus PZQ@<br />
proportiolzahs, & Orbenz ud formaw .&TipJeos umbilicus iq<br />
cmtro eodem habentis ma&s accedentem, Ji corpus k&urn &<br />
rmximm his attraEio&h perinde atque cgteru agitetw, Qume<br />
Ji id cue1 non attra&m guieJcat> we1 m&o vagis aut v&to<br />
sninus attra&m aut nzulto ma&s atit mu&o mkzks agitetw.<br />
Demonftratur eodem<br />
fere modo cum<br />
Prop. LXVI, f@l argumento<br />
grohyiore,<br />
quod idea prxtereo.<br />
Sutiecerit rem fit 376<br />
mare. Ex demonffra-<br />
Gone Propofitionis<br />
noviffimle liquet centrum<br />
in quad corpus<br />
3.3<br />
S-conjun&is viribus .urgctur, proximum effe communi centro gravitatis<br />
duorum illorum. Si coincideret hoc centrum cum centro<br />
ill0 cb117muni3 & quiekeret commune centrun~ grav.ka& corporum<br />
triuxn j defcriberent corpus ,S ex una paw9 & commune centrum<br />
aliorum duorum es altera parte, circa commutne omnium centrum<br />
‘quiefcens, Elhpfes accuratas, Liquet hoc per Corollarium ficundum<br />
Propofitionis LVIII collatum cum demonfiratis in Propof:<br />
&XIV .& LX;Y. Perturbatur iite mbtus Ellipticus Jiquantulum.per<br />
difiantnml centri duorum a centro in quad terrium $ attr&,itur.<br />
Detur praterea motus communi trium c<zro, & augebitur per-.<br />
turbatio. ,Proinde minima efi perturbatio ubi commun~e +riurn<br />
centrum quiekit, hoc elt, ubi corpus intimum & .maximum T Iege<br />
czterdrum attrahitur : fitque major femper ubi trium co,m,mune ilr<br />
Iud centrum j minuendo, motunz corporis T, moveri ‘incip$ .& IJ+<br />
gis deinceps magifque agi.tatur,
PRINC A~~EMA~~C~, ‘2’<br />
Chord, Et IGnc, ii corpora plura minora wlolvantur circa maxi- f,f ,J l: c<br />
mum, colligere licet quod OrbitE defcriptaz firopius accedcnc ad l’~tr ;>I’; 3,<br />
Ellipticas, & arearum dekiptiones fient magis azquabiles, Ii corpora<br />
omnia viribus acceleratricibus, quz i’unt ut eorum vires abfolutae<br />
dire&e & quadrata difiantiarum inverfe, fe mutuo rrahant<br />
Pgitentque, & Orbita cujufque umbilicus collocetur in communi<br />
centro gravitatis corporum omnium interiorum (nimiruni umbk<br />
.Mks Orbitre prima: & intimx: in centro gravitatis corpork maximi<br />
& intimi; ille Orbit% fecunde, in communi centro gra+il<br />
tatis corportim duorum intimorum; ifk tertiz, in comtiutii cenei6<br />
gravitatis trium interiorulil ; & iic deinceps) quam ii Corpus<br />
inti)tkluti quiefcat & itatuatuf communis umbilicus Orbn.rum<br />
omnium.<br />
PIio’POsITIO LXIX. ‘T’I-IEOREMA XXIX.<br />
if’ Sypemate corporwm phkmz A, B, C, D, &IT. J; COQIUS aliquod<br />
A twhit atera omliia B, C, D, &c. viribus accehatricibus<br />
gti~8 J&t reciproce tit qtiahata d~$antiaruf&z d trdhente j &<br />
corpus t&d B trabit et&z cLetem A, C, D, &SC, v&ibw qwg<br />
Jint ~ciptoce tit qtiddputa dz$&mm a kbente : ertint Abj?olz@d<br />
corpomm trahetithn A? B zlires ad inzricem, tit JbG<br />
ipJu corpora A, B, quorm sunt wires.<br />
Nam attra&iones acceleratrices corporum omnium B, C, I) ver-<br />
%‘US A, paribus diitantii& fibi invicekn kqwantur ex Hypothefi j &<br />
fimiliter attra&iones acceleratrices corporum omnium verfu8 BP<br />
ijsribus difiantiis, fibi invicem zquantur,’ EB autcm abfoluta vis<br />
atM.&iva corpdris A ad vim abf~~uratii,att~a,~ivam corpo’fis Z?, ut<br />
&tra&i6 acceleratGx ctirpofum c%+&%rn verfils A, zd altra&kmcm<br />
akk~lef~tricem corportim o&Gum J+‘I%IS B, @ribus difiantiis; &:<br />
ita tifi attra&io acceleratrix corporis-I3 vei%u$ A, arl attra&ionem<br />
ack%3!atricem corporis A ver$us:B, Sed attraRio acdeleratrix corpork<br />
B perfus A efi ad attrk%ollerk ac&e’ratrice~ corporis, A<br />
qeriirs’ .B, ut ti’afi corporis A ad mafim‘ corporis B; proptefea<br />
q@d t’ires matrices , quaz (per Dc3iGitionem lececundam’, kptirii;em,<br />
82 o&vam) ek Viribtis acceleratricibus in corpora’ attraaa<br />
8u&is oriuntur, funt (per motus Legem tertiati) fibi iniricem azquaq<br />
z;?<br />
lCS,
His Propofitionibus manudbcimur ad analogiam inter vircs cclzs<br />
tripctas 6ir corpora centralin, a d qu;x: vircs ill,?: dir&i folcnr. Raw<br />
tioni cnim co17htancum CR, ut vircs qil8-2 ad corpora dirigweur<br />
pendcm nb cor~ndem mum & quantitnrc, uc fit h M~gncticis,<br />
Et quorics hujufhodi cafils hcidunt , aftimandx crunc corporun~<br />
attra&ionC~ J aflignando hgulis corum particulis vircs proprias,<br />
& colligendo humas virium. Voccm Artra&ionis Ilk<br />
ufiwpo pro corporum con;ltu quocunque acccdcndi *1<br />
Gve conatus ii2e fiat ab a&ione corpc.wmh vcl [c: mLWo pCECntiuml<br />
vcl per Spiritus cmiffbs Cc inviccm agirantiumJ five is ah a&ione<br />
&heris, aut Acris, Mediive cujufcunque i%u corporci feu ineorpo..<br />
rei oriatur corpora innatxntia in fc invicem utcurlqlrc im~~knti~,<br />
Eodcm ficnfu generaliwulinrpo VQCC~ Impulfus, nun f’ccies viriuw<br />
&
~RoFOSITIO XXIV. THEOREMA<br />
Nam VeIocitas, quam data vis in data mat&a dato tempore ge.<br />
-herare potefi, efi UC vis & cempw~ *dire&t-q 8~ maceria inverk. QUO<br />
majo,, efi vis vel ma@3 ternpus vel minor materia, e0 major genew<br />
~rabitnr velocitas. Id quod per mows Legem fecundam manif=<br />
fium efi. Jam vero fi Pendula ejufdem fine longitudinis, viresmo.<br />
r&es in locis a perpendiculo z.quaIiter diftantibus fiunt ut pan&,.<br />
ra : ideoque ii corpora duo ohllando defcribant arcus aqua& &<br />
arcus iili dividantur in parres aquaIes; cum tempera quibus car-<br />
:gora ,defiribant hgulas arcuum partes correfpondenws ht ut<br />
.tempora ofcillationum tothum 9 erunt velocitates ad invicem in<br />
correfpondentibus ofcillationum partibw UC vircs matrices & tota<br />
ofcillationum tempera, dir&e & quantitates materix reciproce:<br />
adeoque quantitates materia ut vires & oicillationum tempora dire&e<br />
& velocitates reciproce. Sed velocitates rcciprwe fint ut’<br />
tempera, atque adeo tempora dire&e & velocitatcs rc-ciproce lunt<br />
ut quadrata remporum, & propterea quantitatcs materix iilnt ut<br />
vires matrices & qwldrata temparum, id efi, ut pondcra & quadrae<br />
%a temporum, ,$&E. 2).<br />
GvvZ. I. Ideoque G aempora filnt xqualia, quantitates mater&<br />
dn Gngulis corporibus erunt ut pondera.<br />
Coral. 2. Si pondera funt zqualia, quantitates mareriz crunt ut<br />
quadrata temporum.<br />
CoroL 3# Si quantitates materiz xquantur, pondera erunt rcciproce<br />
ut quadrata Item,porum,<br />
CoroL
C I P I A M A T H E M AT r c A,;.. .I-~‘~;<br />
& qualitates Phyflcas9 tied quantitares SC proportiones Mathema- LIO ER”<br />
ticas in hoc TraLtatu expendens, Ut in Dcfinitionibus cxplicui. In rR1blUs.<br />
Matheli inveCi!igandz fimt viriwin Quantitates St: rationcs illat, qu.c<br />
ex condirionibus quibufiunque pofitis confkquentur : deinde, ubi<br />
in Phyficam defienditur ) conferendz ht h rationes cum FIXnomenis,<br />
ut innotefcat quaznam virium conditiones hgufis barporum<br />
attra&ivorum gcneribus competant. Et turn demum deyi-a<br />
rium fpeciebus, caufis & rationibus Phyficis rutius difputare hebit,<br />
Videamus igitur quibus viribus corpora Spkmrica, ex particulis<br />
modo jam expofito attraQivis confiantia, debeant in k mutuo.<br />
agere, 8c quales. motes inde confequanrur..<br />
.’ ‘,<br />
1<br />
3<br />
Sit HIKL fiper’ficies illa Sphzrica,<br />
&T corpufculum intus conftituturn.<br />
Per T agantur ad hanc filperficiem<br />
liners dux HK, IL, arcus<br />
quam l+nimos Ef.f, KL intercipientes.;<br />
&, bb triangula. HI, 13 .L T M<br />
(per Coral. 3, Lem, VII) iiinilia, arcus<br />
illi erunt diitantiis HT, LT profiortionaks<br />
; & Cuperficiei Spharicz<br />
particulz quavis ad HI Sr LKL, rettis,$er<br />
pun&urn .T tranfeuntibus undique<br />
term&t%, etunt in duplicata<br />
illa ratione. Ergo vires harum particularurn in corpus,T exercitx<br />
fint inter fe acjuales. Sunt enim ut particular diretie &’ quad&a<br />
difiantiarum in$erk. Et .hx dux rationes componunt rationem<br />
xquali-
P$g PHIL6’SOP ~~ NATURAL<br />
I) I! M c) 32qualitatis. Attra&ioncs igitur, in cantrarias pnrtes xcfualiter fat-<br />
‘r 1~<br />
(1.: UKI’U ILL 51 LX, ii: mutuo deihunt. Et fimili argumento , attra&ioncs ornnes<br />
per tocam Spha32cank fiiperficiem a contrariis attratiionibus defiruuntur.<br />
Proinde corpus T nullafn in partcm his attraOknibus<br />
impellitur. & 23, 50.<br />
Sint A NK B, u h k b squalcs dux filperficics Sphxricz, ccntris<br />
J’, s, diamctris AB, nb defcriptz, TX ‘I>, p corpufcula lfitn extrinfetus<br />
in diani?Cris illis’ prbchifiis. Agdnruk a cbfpukulis lincx<br />
‘p @g-h 1p Y. & _.*‘-;%-“*--+\<br />
--“. .-,_--..*c+-<br />
,“I.‘,“^...<br />
*,..i
I<br />
verk Scd partziculs iiint ut Sphra, hoc efi, in ratione triplicata<br />
diametrorum, g diitantk funt ut diamecri, & ratio prior dire&<br />
una cum ratione pofieriore bis inverfe efi ratio diametri ad diametrum<br />
s E. ‘52.‘<br />
C’orol, I. Him ii corpukda in Circulis, circa Sphxras ex materia<br />
squalitcr atcra&va confiantes, revolvantur ; Gntque difiantix a centris<br />
Sphxmrum proportionales *.<br />
carundem diamecris: Tempora p&i-<br />
c&. 2. Et vice ver& ii Tempora periodica fint aqualia;<br />
difian& erunt proportionales diametris. Confiant hax duo per<br />
Gorol. 3. Prop. lv.<br />
~bro./, 3, Si ad Solidorum duorum quorumvis fimilium & *qua&-<br />
ter denforum pun&a fingula tendant vires xquales centripeta decrefccntcs<br />
in dupiicata ratione difiantiarum a pun&s: vires quibus<br />
corpufcula, ad Solida illa duo fimiliter fira, attrnhentur ab iifdem,<br />
erunc ad invicem ut diametri Solidorum.<br />
P’ROPOSITIO LXXIII. THEOREMA XXXIII.<br />
Si ud S@htw alicujus tiatd pun& fmguia tendunt dquales vires<br />
centripet@ decreJcentes b d@icata ratione diJar,ztiarmz a pun-<br />
8i.r: dice ql.doH corpz&tklm~ inm sphmzm con/i%wtwn irzttrd--<br />
bitw zli proportionali diJ!antis fud ub ip&s cerntro.<br />
In Sphazra AB CD, centro S dekripta,.<br />
locetur corpufculum P ; & centro eodem 8,<br />
intervallo S*p, concipe Spharam interiorem<br />
T E RF defcribi, Manifeitum efi, per Prop.<br />
LXX, quad Spharicx fiiperficies concentricaz<br />
ex quibusSphz:rarum di,fferentia JEB F<br />
componitur, attratiionibus per attraaiones<br />
contrarias deitru&is , nil agunt in corpus<br />
p, Refiat Eola attra&io Sphaxa interioris<br />
T E$&F, Et per Prop, LXXII~ hax eit ut<br />
difiantia T S. J?$ E. 23,<br />
.rl. .-<br />
.,<br />
Scholium.<br />
Superficies ex quibus folida componuntur, hit 1~061 tint @rc<br />
.MathemaciczJ .Gzd Orbes adeo .tenues UC eorum c~~~~I~tudo infiar<br />
nihili
PR~N~YDI[A MATHEMATICA.<br />
-II I<br />
nihili fit.5 nimirum ,Orbes evanekentes ex quibus SPhxra<br />
:d;iinao I .,. ..,<br />
c&fiat, ubi Orbium illorum numerus augetur & craficudo mir~ui- i’, f1<br />
tur in infinitum. Simihter per Pun&a, ex quibus lines, filperficic?<br />
& ,. folida componi dicuntur 9 intelligendz funt particultr: rrqu,~lc:<br />
anagnitudinis contemnendz,<br />
PROPQS‘ITIO LXXIV. THEOREhlA XXXI\,‘,<br />
Nam difiinguatur. Sphara in f’uperfrcies Sphrericas inr3umcrJj<br />
Concentricas) & ,attra&iones corpufculi a Gngulis fuPerf?cicbus<br />
oriunda: erun t reciproce proportionales quadra to diIta uri:r carpukuli<br />
a centro, per Prop. LXXI. Et componendo, fxer fumma<br />
attra@ionurn, hoc efi attra&io corpufctzli in Sphxram totam, in<br />
eadem ratione. $$.p.m.<br />
0roZ. I. Hint in zqualibus difiantiis a centris homogenearum<br />
Sphzzrarum, attra&iones funt ut SphzrX. Nam per Prop, LX~LI,<br />
fi diitantiz funt proportionales diametris Sphzraruml vires crunt<br />
ut diametri. Minuatur difiantia major in illa ratione; &, difiantiis<br />
jam faEtis aqualibus, augebitur attra&io in duplicata illa ratione,<br />
adeoque crit ad attraRionem alteram in triplicata llla ratione,<br />
hoc efi, in ratione Spiiararuni.<br />
CoroZ, 2, In diitantiis quibufvis attraeiones fimt’ut Sphzrz apphcatae<br />
ad quadrata difiantiarum.<br />
Coral, 3. Si corpukulum, extra Sphzram homogeneam poficunl)<br />
trahitur vi reciproce proportionali quadrato difiantizc iku ab ipfius<br />
centro, confiet autem Sphara,ex particulis attratiivis j dccrefcet vis<br />
particu]a: cujuf’que in duplicata ratioqe difial3tra a parclcula.<br />
’ I. ;:-R~,~OSITIO LXXV. ,jiI3kREMA XXX-V.<br />
$i ;;dd L~@$~r~ d& p~nFFp jk$$a tendant wires sqlia?es tcvt~ipep&,’<br />
de,-$$centes ia &+&at~ ratione rdi&+~tiar~m d ~IW%$ j &CO<br />
gtiod spbarh ~UQC&S &a Jim&&s ah eadem attrahitw vi re&<br />
.<br />
proce propo~t~onali quadrato dzJ!antia- C~M~OWPA<br />
Nan~ iarticulz cujnfvis attra&io efi reciproce ut: quadrature di-
11-i. nroTu terea eadem efi ac fi vis tota attrahens manaret de corpufculo uni-’<br />
Conronua’ co ho in centro hujus Sphzrz H&c autem attraQi0 tanta eff<br />
quanta foret viciflim attra&io corpuf’culi ejufdem, fi modo iilud a<br />
fingulis Sphazrrt: attra&z particulis eadem vi traheretur qua.ipfis<br />
atrrahit. Foret autem illa corpukuli attra&io (per Prop. LXXIV)<br />
reciproce proportionalis quadrato difiantie fi13: a centro Sphzeadeoque<br />
huic fcqualis attraeio Sphzerz eit in eadem ratio-<br />
:; &i&E. 2).<br />
@awl. I. AttraEtiones Spha%wu-n, verfis alias Sphzras homogeneas,<br />
ii~nt: ut Sphgra: trahentes applicatz ad quadrtira-difiantiarum<br />
centrorum fuorum a centris earum quas attrahunt.<br />
Cool. 2, Idem vaIet ubi Stjhazra attratia etiam atmhit. Namque<br />
hujus puntia fingula trahene iingula alterius, eadem vi qua ab<br />
.ipfis viciflim trahantur 3 adeoquc cum in omni attra6tion.e urgeacur<br />
(per Legem IIT> tam punch-urn attrahens> quam pun&urn at4<br />
kra&um, geminabitur vis attra&ionis fnutuaz, confervatis prapdrrionibus,<br />
Curd 3, Eadem omnia, qw fuperius’ de ri>otu. corporum circa<br />
umbilicum Conicarum Se&ionum d’emonfirata funt, obtinent ubi<br />
Sphazra attrahens locatur in umbilico & corpora rnoventur extra<br />
Sphazram.<br />
Coral. 4. Ea vero qu3e de motu corporum circa c,entrum Conicarum<br />
Se&tionum demanfirantur, obtinent ubi m.orua peraguntun<br />
lntra Sphwam.<br />
PROPOSITIO LXXVf. THEOREMA XXXVP.<br />
Sunto,Sphazraz quotcunque concentric;p fnnifares A:B, OD;.EF,<br />
&c, quarum. interiores add& exterior&us componak mat&iam<br />
denfiorem
PRINCIPIA MAT’HEhiATICA. ‘E‘Is,<br />
denfiorem verfus centrum, vel fiubdu&a relinquant tenuiorem; &<br />
ha! (per Prop. LXXV) trahent Sphzras alias quotcunque concentri- ~~:~~~~<br />
cas fimilares G H, Id{, L; M, &CC. fingulre Gngulas, viribus reciproce<br />
proportionalibus quadrato diitnntiz SP. Et componendo<br />
vel dividendo, fiumma virium illarum omnium, vel excefis aliquarum<br />
fupra alias, hoc efi, vis quas Sphara toca ex concentricis<br />
quibufcunque vel concentricarum differentiis compofita A&<br />
trahit totam ex concentricis quibukunque vel concentricarum differentiis<br />
compoiitam G H, erit in eadem ratione. Augeatur numerus<br />
Sphazrarum concentricarwm in infinitum fit, ut maceriz denfitas<br />
upa cum vi aCtra&iva, in progreffu a circumferentia ad cen-<br />
&rum, kcundum Legem quamcunque crefcac vel decrekat : &, ad-<br />
dita materia ?on attra&iva, compfeatur ubivis denfitas deficiens, eo<br />
UC Spharz acquirant formam quamvis optatam 3 & vis ,qua harum<br />
plna attrahet alteram erit etiamnum (per argumenturn .fiperius) in<br />
eadem ilIa difiantia: quadratz ratione inverti. &EL 23.<br />
,’<br />
CiwoZ, I. Hint ii ejufmodi Sphars comp!_ures, fibi invicem per<br />
omnia fimiles, fe mutuo Xrahant j gtra&on&3~acceleratrices fingularum<br />
in fingulas eruntJ in aqualihws quibufiis centrorum diRanti&<br />
ut Spharz attrahentes.<br />
CoroZ. 2, Inque diftantiis quibuCvis inzquaIibus, ut Sphaxaz attraentes<br />
applicatz ad quadrara difiantiarum inter cenrra.<br />
Cb&f. 3. AttraEEiones vero matrices, feu pondera Sphararum in<br />
Sphzras erune, in zqualibus centrorum difiantiis, ut Sphxr;r: attrahentes<br />
& attra&ta conjun&im, id efi, ut conten,ta fub Sphazris per<br />
multiplicationem produ&a.<br />
CO&. 4, Inque dif+antiis inzqualibw, . ut cotltenta illa applica,ta<br />
, ad quadrata difiantiarum inter centra.<br />
.<br />
Aaz ” COTOZV
IS0 PHIL@SOPHI& NATURAf,Is<br />
,<br />
II:: >IIlJ~T u Cowl. 5, Eadem valent ubi attra&io oritur a Sphzer;r: utriufqu?<br />
I I’,! 1’ c, I? u ?.I virtute artraaiva, mutuo csercita in Spkram alterntn. Nat-u viribus<br />
ambabus gcminntur atcra&io, proportione krvak<br />
Cornl. 6. §I hujufinodi Sph3zrfE aliqw circa alias quiefkntes revolvantur,<br />
fingullt circa fingulas, fiatyue-difiantk inter centra revolvcncium<br />
& quietkntium proportio&les quiekentium diamc:<br />
‘.,.<br />
tris; aqualia clrunt Tempera periodica. a<br />
Curol. 7. Et viciflitn, fi Tempera periodica funt klualia’; .ditianriz<br />
erunt proportionales diametris. II,<br />
CoroZ. 8. Eadem omnia, qu3: fuperius de motu corporum, c&a<br />
umbiJicos Conicarum Seaionum demo&rata fi.mt, obcinent ‘u’bi<br />
Sphzra attrahens, form=:& condit;anis.,cujur~is jam,detiripts;:lo:<br />
catur in umbilico.<br />
CaroLg. Ur 8z ubi gyrantia funt etiam Sphxrz artrtihentes, ~011..<br />
ditionis cujufvis jam defcriptz<br />
FROPOSSTIO LXXVII. THEORkMkXXXVIr.<br />
Si ad&gdI S’h~rartim pun8d tendant +res centr$etie,proporsPionales<br />
d$antiis pm&form a corporibzts attrah : &CO quark<br />
vi8 compoJta, qua Sphw t&u Je n2autivo Pabent, e-0 fit dim<br />
Jhmdiu inter centra Sphmwm.<br />
,Cag. 1;. Sir ;4EBF Sph&r?, ,,&’<br />
centrum:e&&:T corpufcQlurrl atop :<br />
trati:u&, TA~SB axis SpI&ra: p&r<br />
centrum corpufculirranfiens,. E F;.<br />
.-<br />
&i Avis centripeta, in corpufculum T,fecundtirn lineam T H exere<br />
cita, eft ue diftancia T H; & (per Legup Corol. 2:) fecundurn Ii7<br />
neam T G, i*eir verfus centfum S, ut longittido TG. lgirur’ pun:<br />
Qortim.6ninium in .plano E Fj: flOC efi pla,ni ,tdtius vi$ qua co+,&<br />
culum T trahitur verfus ceqtrum S,, e@ ut numerus pug&oruti<br />
&I&US in ditian-tiam T G : ;id efi, ut cofitefitum fib plano,ipfo’ EF<br />
& difiantia illa 5? G. Et Gmiker vis plani e%, quai corptifculum T<br />
.; .<br />
trahitur
trahitur verfm centrum $,efi UC planum illud dukm in difiantiam ~11) pi R<br />
f&m Tg, five ut huic ,rquale planum EFB duQum in difianriam 1’11r21Pici<br />
illam Tg; & knma virium plani utriufque w planum E F ducturn<br />
in filmmam difiantiarum T G +Pg, id e$ ut planurn illud<br />
&Bum in duplam centri St cor.pufculi difiantiam T S; hoc e&, UC<br />
duplum planum E F duQum jn difianciam TS, vel ut fimma ;equ’alium<br />
planorum E F’+ef’ du&a in dlfiantiam eandem. Et fiitiili<br />
irgumenta , vircs omniunl:planorum in Sphazra tota, hirlc inde<br />
zqkaliter a centro Sphrera difiantium, fiJIIt ut fiJf'J3IIIa ph'orulla<br />
duQa in difiantiam T S, hoc efi, ut Sphza tota duBa in diffantiam<br />
centri fui S a corpufculo 73. 2&E;. ‘D.<br />
.6&s. 2. Tr&ar jam corpufculum ‘P Sphkwam AE B F. Et eodem<br />
argutiento probabitur quad vis, qua Sphara illa trahitur, erit.><br />
yt difiantia T S.. 2&E. ‘D.<br />
1 -Cm. ,, 3,.,, Coti’pbnacur :jzim Sphazra altera ex corpufculis innume-<br />
,-fsy’T j &’ quo@$ Vi’& qua corpukulum unumquodyue trahitur;<br />
efi-ut difiantia corpufculi a centro SphrLt: primz duAa,in Sphzrain<br />
eatidcm, ‘atque adeo eadem efi ac fi prodiret rota de corpug<br />
culo unico in centro Sph;urX; vis tota qua corpufcula ornnia in<br />
Sphrera fecunda trahuntur, hoc e$ qua Sphzra illa tota trahitur,<br />
eadem erit ac ii Sphara illa traheretur vi prodeunte de corpufculo<br />
unico in .centro Spharz pr?maz, & propterea proportionalis efi ~di-<br />
eric vis ex utraquk compofita ut di$e-.<br />
rentia contentorum,: hoc efi, .ut Cumma zqualium planorum d.uQa<br />
in femiffem diff’erencia: diitantiarum, id efi, ut fumma illa du&.iiir<br />
p $’ difiantiam corpufculi a cenrro Spharz Et fimili argumcnto,<br />
attra&:io planorum omnium E F, ef in Sphzra tota, hoc efi, attra&io<br />
Sph,?zra tot& efi ut >fumma planorum omnium, k’cu, Sph,rra<br />
tota, dti&a in p S difiantiam corpufiuli a centro §pI!zrx. ,@ E.23,’<br />
ctis. 8: Et~fi”%x ~orpu~~ulis’,itlnum~~i~ t p. compqnatur Sphara<br />
davab G&a: SphFram pribrcm A E B F. iira I probabitw ,ut prius<br />
qupd atcra&io, *five * fimp$x Sphzrs umus in alteram,., $ve mu tua<br />
~tri$$ye;in fe iy&em,<br />
1<br />
erir: ut difian tia cenerkum p X &E. 52<br />
PRO=-<br />
”
Demonfiratur ex PropofItione przcedente, eodem mode quo<br />
Prvpofitio LXXVI ex Propofitione LXXV demonfirata fuit. ;<br />
Curd. Quzz fuperius in Propofitionibus x ‘& LXIV de mot&<br />
corporum circa centra Conicarum Se&ionum demonfira ta fint,,<br />
valenc ubi attra&iones omnes fiunt vi Corporum Sphzricorum<br />
conditionis jam defcriprz, funtque corpora attra&a Sphazrz condicionis<br />
ejufdem.<br />
AttraRionum Cafus duos infigniores jam dedi expofitos; n.friG<br />
rum ubi Vires centripetz decrefcunt in duplicata difiantiarum ra-<br />
Gone, vel crefcunt in dieantiarum ?atione Gmplici; efficientes<br />
in utroque Cafu ut corpora gyrentur in Conicis SeBionibus, &<br />
componentes corporum Sphaericorum Vires centripetas eadem Lege,<br />
in receffu a centro, decrefcentes vel crefcentis cum .feipfis: :Qod<br />
efi notatu dignum. Cafus czteros, qui con&fiones r&us ele~<br />
gantes exhibent , figillatim petcwrere longum e&t. Malim<br />
CLW~OS method0 generali Gnu1 camprehendere ac” determinarer<br />
3 t fkquitur.
84j. ??HILOSOPHI& NATURALIs<br />
u C :\lo T U Iineola illa rDd: at Cecundum lineam T S ad centrum S tendentem<br />
“~~~P~P.u:.~ minor, in ratione T 13 ad T E, adeoque Ut ‘2’23 ~93 d. Dividi<br />
jam intelligatur linea ‘D F in particulas innumeras aquales, qu3:<br />
iinguls nominentur I) B j & fuperficies FE dividetur in totidem<br />
xquales annulos, quorum vireserunt ut fumma omnium T 2) x Dd,<br />
hoc eif, ut t ‘T Fq - : T ZI q, adeoque ut 2) E qtid Ducatur<br />
jam fup&ficies FE in altitudinem Ff j & fiet folidi E FJe vis exercita<br />
in corpufculum T UC I) Eq x Ff: puta fi detur vis quam<br />
particula aliqua data Ff in diitantia T F exercet in corpukulum<br />
‘P. At ii vis illa non detur , free vis folidi E Ff e ut folidum<br />
c<br />
DE g x3” & vis illa non data conjun&im. &.& E. 2).<br />
PROI’OS1T10 LXXX. THEOREMA XL.<br />
Si da Sphtr~ di~lajti~ A B E, centro S dejcripw, pmticuh &y.-<br />
lm cequales teudant &qua/es zlires centripetd, & ud SpbLer~<br />
axem AB, in quo corpufduvn aliquod I? locatur, erigmtur de<br />
pan& j%zgulis D perpendiczdla D E, Sphere occwrentia ivy E,<br />
& in ip/Zs cupiantur lov@udivzes D N, ‘qurzp Jnt ut quantit&<br />
.DEgxPS<br />
-- & vis gtiam Sphav purti& &a in dxe ad di..<br />
PE<br />
Jzntidm P F, exercet h.z corpz$Am I? conj&&n : dice qgod<br />
Vis tota, qMa c0rp&&vn I! trdhitur 5wfis Sphm2m2, e0 u*,<br />
ared comprebenJ-.u jib axe Sph mg AB .& kneu curva A,NB,<br />
gzum pm&vvz N perpetuo tangit.<br />
Etknim
( per Prop. 6, Lib. 2. Eiem. )<br />
fur itaque 2 SL 1) - L;Z?q aquatur re&angulo AL B. Scribal<br />
- AL B pro 23 Eq; & quantitas<br />
I)Eq XFS<br />
T Er’ qua2 Gcundum Corollarium quartum Propofitionis<br />
.--<br />
Luh5%5-<br />
TExV =<br />
przecedentis efk ut longitudo ordinatim applicats ZJN. refolvet:<br />
lrefe in tres partes<br />
2SL-DxTS- LTDEq?vTS_A<br />
TExV<br />
x<br />
ubi fi pro V fkibatur ratio inverlra vis centripetx, &<br />
pro T J3 medium<br />
proportionale inter T S & 2 L I); tres ik p<br />
lartes evadent<br />
ordmarnn applicata linearurn totidem curvarum, qua<br />
rum area2 per<br />
Methodos vulgatas innotcfcunt, ,$&E. F.
Escempl. I. Si vis cerrrripeta ad fingulas Sphxrx particulas ten- PC+ I:< “J<br />
&XS fit reciproce ut dlfkantia; pro V fkribe difiantiam 2)&‘j dein<br />
ALB<br />
zTSxL2) pro TEq, & fret Di’V ut SL-~L~-m.<br />
L:BFk<br />
ALB<br />
Pane 9 N xqualem duplo ejus 2 SL - L D - m: & ordinatx<br />
pars data z SL du&a in longisudinem AB defkibet aream re&an-<br />
@am ZSLxABj & pars indefinita LD du&a normaliter in<br />
eandcm longitudinem per motum continuum, ea Iege ut inter movendurn<br />
crefcendo vel decrekendo aquctur femper longitudini<br />
L I), defcribet asearn LBq-L.Aq,idefi,aream SLXAB; qu,?:<br />
fubdulka de area %F; z 5’; x AB relinquit aream S L x A B.<br />
IPars autem tertia L CD duea itidem per motum localem normam<br />
liter in eandem longitudinem, defcribet 1<br />
aream Hyperbolicam j qua fubdu& de<br />
area 5’ L x A B relinquet aream quxfitam<br />
AB NJ?. Unde talis emergit Problematis<br />
confiru&io. Ad pun&a L, A, B<br />
erige perpendicula .LZ, Aa, Bb, quorum<br />
Aa ipfi LB, EL Bb ipfi CAxquetur.<br />
Afymptotis L 2; LB, per punka a, b defcribatur<br />
Hyperbola ab. Et a&a charda<br />
E7 a claudet aream a b a arex quefitx<br />
A B NA xqualem.<br />
E,xempZ. 2. Si vis centripeta ad fingulas Sphzrx particulas tendens<br />
fit reciproce ut cubus difiantix, vel (quod perinde efi) ut cubus<br />
T E cztb<br />
iIle applicatus ad planum quodvis datum; firibe<br />
2ASq pro v3<br />
SLxAS; ASq<br />
dein zT$xLa pro 13 Eq; 8~ fkt D N UtFEL-a--<br />
2 P s<br />
XAsq, w-m id efi (ob continue proportionales TS, AS, 5’1)<br />
LBXSI.<br />
Si ducantur hujus partes tres<br />
lab Z’D- +“s 2LI)q *<br />
LSP<br />
in longitudiaem A B a prima m generabit aream Hyper-
?7 F JIu r u<br />
c. c,x 1’ 011<br />
” E: bolicam ; fecunda % S I aream i A B x 5’1; tertia ALBxSIare<br />
2LCDq -<br />
ALBxSP ALBxSI<br />
am --i-L-J ---. - I 2 L B , id en ; AB xSL De prima f%b-<br />
ducatur fumma kcundx Sr: tertix, &<br />
manebit area quxfita AB N A, Un- 1 :d<br />
de talis emergit Problcmatis confiru- ;:<br />
Qio, Ad pun&a L, A, S, B erigc<br />
::<br />
‘.<br />
perpendicuIa L I, Aa, $1, Bh, quo-<br />
:. :<br />
rum Ss ipfi $1 ,rquetur, perque pun- ; . ..,.<br />
L3um s Afympcotis 1; Z, LB defcrid ; “s....,<br />
batur Hyperbola a s6 occurrens per- ; “‘.,..:r<br />
pendiculk An, B b in a Sr b 5 & re&- ; !““**L.<br />
....,.<br />
b ,.,._<br />
angulum 2 A S1’ fubdu~~um de area i ! i z<br />
Hyperbolica A as L B reliquet aream E A .I. ,$ ii<br />
qt.&tarn AR .NA.<br />
Exemtipl. 3. Si Vis centripeta 3 ad Gngulas Sphaxrz particulas<br />
tendens, decrekit in quadruplicata ratione difiantix a particuhs;<br />
fixibe *J%<br />
mALSIs pro V, dein Z?ffp~~<br />
pro 59 E, & fiet I) N ut<br />
SIqxSL, I J-J2 I SIpAL B<br />
d2SI<br />
2' L 2) c'<br />
- ~._- --<br />
2y.2SIX~gAP 21"2sI x4L+ci<br />
Cujus tres partes du&tx in Iongitudinem AB, producunt areas t&t-<br />
idem, viz.<br />
tSIqxSL;* I I Slq<br />
dzSI<br />
,SIqxA% B.<br />
qtI2i.u<br />
1/LA -- z/L&-&wLm-~‘LA;<br />
-.<br />
in ~ L iCsb - JL iCub. Et hx pofi debitam redu?<br />
&ionem fiunt Ha vero, fu 6,<br />
Qispofierioribus de priore, evadunt ” 7 L Ic21b I . Igitur vis tota, qua<br />
corpukulum T in Sphax32 centrum trahitur, ei7c- ut ‘$$-$,<br />
id e&<br />
reciproce ut. I-‘&’ cub x.T I. $ E. 6.<br />
Eadem Method0 determinari poteit AttraBio corpufbuli fitP.i*<br />
tra Sphzram, kd ex,peditius per Theorema kquens. ‘,
cem ut S’*T qrlnd ad SA qlcdd: Si in quadruplicata, ut ST CZ& ad<br />
1)~ ?*fnT’J<br />
Cc?fQxC:*I S/g c#fts. Unde cum attraQio in T, in hoc ultimo c$k inventa<br />
fuit reciproce nt 9’ S cu6 x UF.I, attra&io in .l cric reciproce ut<br />
SAcrfL x PI, id efi (ob datum S A cub) reciproce UE 191. Et<br />
fimihs eR progreffus in infinitum. Theorema vero fit demon-<br />
If2ratur.<br />
Stantibus jam ante confiruQis, & exifiente corpore in loco<br />
quovis -T, ordinatim applicara D A? inventa fuit ut cz>Eg~TS<br />
T&XV *<br />
Ergo fi agatur IE, ordinata illa ad aliu,m ,quemvis locum 1, mu-<br />
tatis mutandis, evadet ut one vires centripetas, e<br />
Sphzr~ pun&o quovis E manantes, effe ad invicem in difiantiiq<br />
-d,E, TE, ut TEE ad IE”, (ubi numerus. G defignet indicem<br />
DEqxTS<br />
yotefiatum TE 8r IE) & ordinat? ilk fient ut TExTED &<br />
-- ZlEijXIS -.- J quarum ratio ad invicem efi ut T 5’x IE x 123 n ad<br />
IExIE”<br />
IS~TEXTE’J. Q. uoniam ob iimilia triangula STE, SE& fit<br />
dE ad T ,?3 ut IS ad SE vel SAj pro ratione IE ad T E fcribe<br />
rationem IS ad SA; & ordinatarum ratio evadet T SX IEn ad<br />
.SAxT En. Sed T S ad SA iilbduplicata efi ratio difiantiarum<br />
T S, Slj & I E n ad T E n fubduplicata efi ratio virium in difiantiis<br />
T S, IS. Ergo ordinate, & propterea area quas ordinate<br />
defcribunt, hifque proportionales. attra@iones, funt in ratione com-<br />
.pofita ex fubduplicatis inis rationibus. $Z& E, 9.<br />
PRO POSIT10 LXXXIII. PROBLEMA XLIr.<br />
Sit T cot us in centro Sphazraz, Sr R BSfZ> Segmenturn ejus<br />
piano A 13 B & fu erficie Sphzrica RRBS contenturn, Superfitie<br />
Sphazrica E: F Gp centro T defiripta kcetur ‘D B in F, ac zliq<br />
fiinguatur Segmentum in partes B R E F G S, FE I) G. Sir:<br />
autem Cuperficies illa non pure Mathematics, fkd Phyfica, pro-<br />
$imditatem habens guam minimam. Nominetur ifia profundi;<br />
,tas Q
PRINCHWk WlA’T~HE’MA~T‘IC’A, nyn<br />
tas 0, & erit hat fitiperficies (per de- LID&A<br />
monfirata Archimedis) ut ft;! Fx Z, FxO. r R I N IJ 8.<br />
Ponamus praterea vires attra&:ivas particularum<br />
Spharz effe reciproce ut<br />
diftantiarum dignitas illa cujus Index<br />
efi rz; & vis qua fuperficies FE trahit<br />
corpus “P crit ut 23F.x 0 0<br />
‘Pj?i~- I*<br />
Huic pro- $<br />
portionale fit perpendiculum F;N ductum<br />
in 0 j & area curvilinea 239 L IB,<br />
quam ordinatim applicata FN in longitudinem<br />
Z)B per motum conrinuum<br />
du&a defcribtt,, erit ut vis tota qua<br />
Segtiencum totuny RB SD trahjt corpus fp. g E. 1.<br />
PROPOSITIO~LXX-XIV. PROBLEMA XLUI.<br />
Imvenire wim qud corpufl-uhn, extra centrum Sphmie in axe Seg<br />
mentt cujuj&~ locaturn, attrahitur ab eodem Segmento.<br />
A Segment0 E BK trahatur corpus 5!’ (Vidc Fig, Prop. LXXIX~<br />
LXXX, LXXXI) in ejus axe AD B locatum. Centro T intervallo<br />
T E defcribatur fiperficies Sphzrica EFK, qua difiinguatur<br />
Segmentum in partes duas E BKF&E FKD. Qzratur vis partis<br />
prioris per Prop. LXXXI, & vis partis pofierioris per Prop.<br />
LXXXIIl j SE fumma virium erit vis Segmenri totius E B K 2>.<br />
& E. I.<br />
Scldium.~<br />
Explkatis attra&ionibus corporum Sphzricorum, jam pergere.<br />
liceret ad Leges attraaionum aliorum quorundam ex -particulis attraQivis<br />
fimilitcr confiantium corporum j fed iita particnlatim<br />
tra&are minus ad infiitutum fpe&at. SufTecerit Propofitiones<br />
quafdam generaliores de viribus hujufmodi corporum, deque mo-<br />
.tibus inde oriundis, ob earum in rebus Philofophicis aliqualem<br />
ufum, fiubjungere.
PROPOSITIO LXXXV. THEOREMA XLII.,<br />
Iyam ii vires decrekunt in raeione duphcata diitantiarum a partieulis;<br />
attratiio verfus corpus Sphaericum, propterea quad (per<br />
Prop. ~xxrv) fit reciproce ut quadratum difianciz attra&i corporis<br />
a centro Sphzrz, haud G&biker augebitur ex ionta&u j atque<br />
adhuc minus augebirur ex conta&u, fi attraeio in receffi Corporis<br />
attraai decrekat in ratione minore. Patet igitur Propofitio de<br />
Sphzris attrafiivis. Et par eR ratio Orbium Sphzicorum concavorum<br />
corpora externa trahentium. Et multo magis res confiat in<br />
Orbibus corpora interius conftituta trahentihus, cum attraeiones<br />
pa&n per Orbium cavisates ab attra’tiionibus contra& (per Prop.<br />
LXX) tolfantur, ideoque vel in ipfo conta&u nulls fint. C&od<br />
fi Sphzris hike Orbibufque Spharicis partes quazlibet a loco contaftus<br />
remote auferantur, & partes now ubivis addantur : mutari<br />
ponunt figurx horum corporum attraaivorum pro lubitu, neo<br />
ramen partes additz vel fubdu&z, cum fine a loco conta&,us re-<br />
~mots, augebutit nosabiliter attra&ionis exceffim qui ex contaQu<br />
oritur. Confiat igrtur Propofitio de corporib.us Figurarug on+<br />
nium, $$Jz. I),
PaINCIJ?I.A MATWEMATPCA. a93<br />
PROPOSITIO LXXWI, THEOREMA XLIII.<br />
P B 1 ?.I! L<br />
Si particula fvm, ex quibti corpus attra&um componitw, zrires<br />
in receJ% corporis attra,% decreJknt i~ tr@icata ve! $ti[qyLaw.<br />
~~r@cata ratione d$antiarum a partictilis : Lattra@io fonge *fortior<br />
erit in contakb.4, q5mn cum attrahens 67 attrali%nz ititerzlallo<br />
zlel minim0 feparanttir ab invicem.<br />
Nam attraeionem in acceffu attraQi corpufctili ad hujurnlodi<br />
Spharam trahentem augeri in infinitum, confiac per Colutionem Problematis<br />
XLI~ in Exemplo f&undo ac tertio exhibitam. Idem, per<br />
Exempla /illa & Theorema XLI inter k collata 3 facile colligitur<br />
de attraQionibus corporum verfus Orbes concave-convexos, five<br />
corpora attra&ta collocentur extra Orbes, five intra in eorum cavitatibus,<br />
Sed & addend0 vel auferendo his Spharis 8~ Orbibus ubivis<br />
extra locum contnaus materiam quamlibet attratiivam, eo ut<br />
corpora attraRiva induant figuram quamvis afflgnatam, confiabit<br />
Propofitio de corporibus univerfis, 2& El 59.<br />
PROPOSITIO LXXXVII. THEOREMA XLIV.<br />
$i corpora duo Jabi invicem Jwilia, & ex materia qualiter attra-<br />
&va corc/?arrthz, JeorJm attrahaazt CorptiJcda Jb; ipJs proportional&z<br />
& ad se fimiliter pojza : attra%ones acceleratrices corp2&d0rti~<br />
in corpora tota erunt tit ut.truEio~~es acceleratrices<br />
corpu.culorulrz in eorum pa&Au toti proportionales & in totis<br />
JmZIiter poJs; tm~<br />
Nam ii corpora difiinguantur in particulas, qua: fint totis proportionales<br />
8s in totis fimiliter fit32 ; erit, ut attraRi0 in particulam<br />
quamlibet unius corporis ad attraeionem in particulam correfpondentem<br />
in corpore akero, ita attraaiones in particulas fingulas<br />
primi corporis ad attratiiones in alterius particulas fingulas correfk<br />
pondentes; & componendoS ita attraQio in totum primum cor,pus<br />
ad attraaionem in totum fecundum. $& E. 13.<br />
C’oraZ, I. Ergo ii vires attraRiva particularurn, augendo &Ran-<br />
*ias cor.pufculorum attra&orum 3 decrekan’t in ratione dignitatis<br />
CC<br />
cujufvis
194<br />
p~l[~~S6PHZ~ Nt9SCuRaEl[S<br />
ar ,11,,~17 cujufvis diitantiarum: attra&tioneS acceleratrices in c0rpora tota<br />
CoRI’011u:f crunt ut corpora dire&e & difiantiarum dignitates ilk inverfe,’ Ut<br />
c vires articularum &m&cant in ratione duplicata difiantiarum<br />
fl coypu P culis atcraks ’ , corpora autem fint I.lt A Cub. & i? CR&. adeoque<br />
rum corporum latera cubica, tunl. corpufcu!orum att.ra@ofLlnl<br />
diitanti;z a corporibus, ut kf & B: atCra&.iones accekratri-<br />
A cub. B sub.<br />
ces in corpora erunt UC id efi, ut cor+orum la-<br />
Z+. 8c B quads<br />
tera illa cubica A SC B. Si vires particularurn decrcfcant in ‘rarione<br />
triplicata dihntiarum a corpufcuiis atrraQis j arcra&iopes<br />
Acub. Bcub. .<br />
acceler2triceS in corpora tota erunt ut - 8~ Bczlba Id e ff> zqua-<br />
Lfcub.<br />
les. Si vires decrefcant in ratione quadruplicata: akratiiones in<br />
Acub. & Bed. .<br />
corpora erunc UT - -Id efit:, reciproce ut lagera cubi-<br />
44+ Jfwb<br />
ca A’ & ~3. Et fit in czteris.<br />
C’orok. z. Unde viciUim, ex viribus quibus corpora fimilia tia..<br />
hunt corpui‘cula ad fe fimilitcr p&a, colligi pot& ratio decrymenti<br />
virium particularurn attra&ivarum in receh corpuf&]i at-<br />
CraBi; G mode decrementurn illud fit dire&e vel inverre in ratiolIe<br />
Aqua difhntiarum,<br />
PROPOSITZO LXXXVIII. THI$OREM~A xLV&‘.<br />
Corporis A ST’Yparticulaz A,<br />
B trahanr corpufiulum aliquod<br />
Z vi$xxi quaz> ii particula 33<br />
quantur inter fe, fint u-t d&antiz<br />
AZ, B 2; fin particula fiatuan<br />
tur inazquales, fin t u t ha particulx<br />
in difiantkk fu+ A,Z, BZ<br />
refpeQive du&z. EC e$,po&k<br />
tur hze vires per contenta .illa<br />
AxAZ&BxBZ.JungaturAB,<br />
& kcetur ea in&! IG. fit AG ad B G ut particula B ad particuhm A’<br />
&
or: erit G commune cent-rum gravitatis particularurn A & B. Vis ~[i; E K<br />
AxA%(perLegum Coral, 2.) reioivitur inviresAXGZ&AXAG PplbI”s-<br />
&visBxBZinviresBxG%&B~BG.<br />
ViresautemRxAG<br />
& B x B G, ob proportionales A ad B & B G ad A G, xqualjrnr i<br />
adeoque cum dirigantur in partes contrarias, fk mutuo defiruunt.<br />
Reliant vires AX GZ & B x G Z. Tendunt ha ab Z verfus centrum<br />
G, & vim A -t-B x G Z componunt ; hoe efi, vim eandem ac<br />
fi ,particulz attraQivz A Sr: B confifierent in eorum communi gravitatis<br />
centro G, Globum ibi componentes.<br />
Eodem argumento, ii adjnngatur particula tertia C, & componatur<br />
hujus vis CI.IIII vi A+B x GZ tendente ad centrum Gj vis<br />
indeoriunda tendet ad commune centrum gravitatis Globi illius G<br />
& particular C; hoc efi, ad commune centrum gravitatis trium paroicularum<br />
A, I?, 6; & eadem erit ac ii Globus & particula C confifierent<br />
in centro illo communi, Globum majorem ibi componentes.<br />
Et fit pergitur in infinitum. Eadem efi igitur vis tota particularum<br />
omnium corporis cujukunque I? STY ac ii corpus illud, f&r*<br />
Vato gravitatis centro, figuram Globi indueret. $& E. D.<br />
CuroZ. Hint motus corporis attra&i 2 idem erit ac fi corpus<br />
attrahens R STY effet Sphaxicum: & propterea ii corpus illud<br />
attrahens vel quiefcat, vel progrediatur uniformiter in dire&rim 5<br />
corpus attra&um movebitur in Ellipfi centrum habente ifi att!ahentis<br />
centro gravitatis.<br />
PROPOSITIO LXXXIX. THEOREMA,XLVi.<br />
$i Corpora J;nt phru ex pdrticdis agutilibus con$kntiu, ~q~arum zriyes<br />
Junt ut d~&!hnti~ locorum a @g$h : vis ex ovmium vi&<br />
bzas cotipoJitlc, qud corpuJcu1~~ qaadcunque trahitur, tendet ad<br />
trtibentiuw commune centrum grmitatis, & eadem erit UC jZ<br />
truhentin ilk, Jerwto gravitatis centro communi,~.coirent & in<br />
.<br />
Glo bum formareln”ur.<br />
Demonftratur eodem mode, atquk Propofitio fiperior.<br />
Cord. ,Ergo motus corporis attrani idem erit ac fi Corpora trahentia,<br />
fervato communi gravitatis centro, coirent Sr: in Globum<br />
formarentur. Ideoque,fi corporpm trahentium commu+z g~+v!t~~<br />
tis centrum vel quiefiit, vel progreditur uniformiter in line3 k&a:<br />
coleus attra&um mqvebitur in Bllipfi , centrum habeate ;iti Cowtiuk<br />
illo trahentiuti xze;titro $pvitatis, ,,.a:..>:? ._I,<br />
cc 2 PRO;
si udJngu/a cjf~li ~clj~~~unque pun86 tendant 9ire.f cefftiale+f ces<br />
frlpeta, decye~&tes in quacunpe dijfantiarurn Wione : i?KW~<br />
nire vim qua ~o~pufculurn attrahitur ubiVis PoJtun2 ik reti%<br />
p+! plan0 circu/j ud centwm ejus perpendictilariter ir$j?k<br />
Centro A intervaIl quovis AD, in plan0 cui se&-a AT perpenchcularis<br />
efi, defcribi intelligatur Circulus j & invenienda fit vis<br />
qua corpufcnlum quodvis T ineundem attrabitur. A Circuli pun&to<br />
quovis E ad corpufculum attra&um T agatur r&a T E: In re.?<br />
8ta T A capiatur T F ipG T E Z- -3<br />
qualis, & erigatur normalis FK3<br />
quaz fit UC vis qua pun&m E trahit<br />
corpufculum T. Sitque IKL<br />
cwva linea quam puntium I(; perpetuo<br />
tangit. Occurrat eadem Circuli<br />
plan0 in 2;. In T A capiatur<br />
T H zqualis T 2>, & erigatur perpendiculum<br />
HI curve pradi& P -SF H<br />
occurrens in I; & erit corpuL A ii 2 i.<br />
i I f<br />
culi F attratiio in Circul‘um ut area<br />
;..‘.i..!.’<br />
!.. . a.....<br />
nlHlL duea in altitudinem AT.<br />
L***““‘k ;K”“’Ir<br />
Li& E. x.<br />
Etenim in AE capiatur linea quam minima Ee. Jungatur T e3<br />
8r in T E, T A capiantur T C, T.fipfi T e aequales, Et quoniam vis,<br />
qua annuli pun&urn quodvis E trahit, ad,.fe corpus T, ponirur effe.<br />
ut F,K, &.inde ais qua pun&um illud trahrt corpus T verfus A,~ efi ut,,<br />
AT ~2%<br />
TE<br />
, & vis qua annulus totus rrahit. corpus.T verfus A, ut.<br />
annulus & A’T *FK conjun&m ’ ‘* j annulus autem ifie efi ut retian-<br />
TE<br />
gulum fib radio LIE & latitudine E e, & hoc re&angulum (oh proportionalw.TE<br />
& A E, E e & CE] cequatur retiangulo 5? E.x,G’E<br />
feu. T E x Ffj .&it. vis qua annulus ifie trahit corps Q’?. v-erfii.s<br />
iA, ut: T E x,Ff & “;;F,K conjun&im, id eit, ut.contenrum<br />
.Ff<br />
x FKx.AT, five-ut are,a-F.&k$’ du,&a in A5?. Et, propterea<br />
hmma virium) cpibus annulpqnnq in .,Cir.c:culo.~ cpi cqxra A &,in-<br />
Ltervallck
Cylindrus fit, parallelogrammo<br />
A DE B circa axem A B revolure<br />
defkipcus, & vires cent&<br />
pet32 in hgula ejus punfla tendenres<br />
Gnt reciproce ut quadratri<br />
dittanriarum a pun&s: erir<br />
atcraAio corpufculi T in IIU~C<br />
Cylindrum uc AB-T E-j-T I).<br />
Nam ordinatim apphcata FK<br />
(per Coral. I. Prop. xc) erit ut 1<br />
gitudinem<br />
AB, defkribit aream<br />
TF<br />
- ‘y x, Hujus pars I duQainlon$<br />
I X AB j Sr pars altera-<br />
in longitudinem T B, defcribit aream I in ‘P E -AD id quad<br />
cx curvy L PI< quadratura facile oftendi pot&: ) & Mimi I iter pars<br />
eadem du&a in longitudinem T A defkibit aream I in ‘P fD - A 13,<br />
du&aque in ipfirum T 23, T A differentiam A B defcribit arearum<br />
dif?erentiam I in De content0 prim0 1 x AB auferatur<br />
contentum pofiremum .<br />
x in. & refiabit area L A B I<br />
zqualis I in AB - T E +T I). Ergo vis, -huic area: proportionalis,<br />
efi ut AB-TE-/-TD.<br />
visinnotekit qua Sphaerois<br />
A GB C?ZI attrahit<br />
corpus quodvis Tp, exteg&i<br />
in axe CUO AB iirum.<br />
Sit NKRMSeaio<br />
Conica cujus ordinatim<br />
applicata E Ii, ipfi<br />
T E perpendicularis, 3equetur<br />
fernper longitudini<br />
T 2), qua ducitur<br />
ad pun&urn illud 2), in<br />
quo applicata ifia Sphzroidem fecat A Spharoidis verticihus A, B<br />
ad ejus axem @ erigantur perpendicula AK, B M ipiis Ap, B I,<br />
zqualia refp’ee-rve, k propterea SeCcioni Conicz occurrentia in. K<br />
& isfj Sr jungatur KiW a,uferens ab eadenl fegmentujn KMR x,<br />
$is au&em Sph~~dis ccntruItP S & kmidiameter maxima 8.~: s& vis<br />
,,.
PRINCIDIA MATHEMATI~A; 1’93<br />
qua S$~rois trahit CorplIsT eritadvim q~d+h~r~, diametro AB Z,rBP.R<br />
ASx CJ’q - TSxl(‘MXI( P~Ib~~J*<br />
defcripta, trahit idem corpus, ut<br />
‘PLsq+CLYq-AS’q<br />
ad A$ cd<br />
3 bP J’quad’ Et eodem computandi fundamento invenire licet<br />
vires kgmentorum Sphzroidis.<br />
CO~OL 3. Qod Ifi corpukulum intra Spharoidem, in data quavis<br />
ejufdem diamerro, collocetur j attra&io erit ut iplius difiantia a<br />
centro, Id quad facilius colligetur hoc argumento. Sit A’G0.P<br />
Sphzrois attrahens, 6’ centrum ejus & I-’ corpus attra&um. Per<br />
corpus iIlud F agantur turn kmidiamcter SYA, turn r&3: duzz<br />
quawis 53 E, FG Sphzroidi kinc indc occurrentes in *L.J& E, F<br />
& G: Sintque 2> CM, k!‘L N fuperficies Sphzroidum duarum interiorum,<br />
exteriori fimilium & concentricarum, quarum prior tranfeat<br />
per corpus “P &c fecet re&as 23 E & FG in B & C, pofierior<br />
f&et eacdem re&as in H; I & .K, L. Habeant autem Spharoides.<br />
olnnesaxem communem, 8.z erunt reQarum<br />
partes hint inde interceptED *P ~1<br />
&:BE,FT&CG,2,4J-‘&&I,Fd~<br />
&, 4 G fibi mutuo azquales j propterea<br />
qubd reQz DE, T B St HI bifecantur<br />
in eodem pun&o, ut Sr re&z FG,<br />
p C k KL. Concipe jam I) I, F,<br />
E T G defignare Conos oppofitos, angulis<br />
verticalibus a> P F, g T G infinite<br />
parvis defcriptos, & lmeas etiam 1: E”<br />
fz1 H, E I infinite parvas effe ; & Conorum particuk Sphzroidum<br />
fuperficiebus abfcifl2 fD HK F, G L IEE, ob aqualitatem linearurn<br />
f~ H, ~1, erunt ad invicem ut quadrata difiantiarum fiuarum a<br />
corpufculo ‘Pi), & propterea corpufculum illud zqualiter erabent,<br />
Et pari ratione, c 1 ~uperficiebus Sphzrordum innumerarum fimikm<br />
concentricarum & axem communem habentium dividantur fpatia<br />
ye p $‘, E G C B in particulas, ha2 omnes utrinque aqualiter trabent<br />
corpus ‘p in partes contrarias. 2Equales igitur fimt vires .<br />
Coni 2) cp F & fegmenti Conici E GC B, & per contrarietatem fe<br />
lllutuo defiruunt. tit par efi ratio virium matcria omnis extra Sphazroidem<br />
intimam P CB AA Trahitur igitur corpus “P a fola Sphzroide<br />
intima T CB My & propterea (per COLON. $Prop. LXXTL) attraeio<br />
ejus ete ad vim, qua c0rpus.d trahlrur a Sphzroide tota<br />
A G Q B, ut difimtia 2’ S ad difiantlam .A&‘. & E. ‘D.<br />
PRO-
l‘,E<br />
h!OTLf<br />
CORFOROAI<br />
~RO~W$TI’iO XCII. PROBLEMA XLVI.<br />
Data Corpore attraGv0, iwenire rutionew decrementi &km ceni<br />
tripetarum in t$m pun&~ Jiizgula tendentiuw.<br />
E Corpore data formanda efi $phsra vel CyIindrus aliave figu-<br />
-ra regularis, cujus lex artrahonis , cuivis decrementi rationi con..<br />
gruens (per Prop. LXXX, LXXXI, ck XCI) iyvcniri potefk De+ fa-<br />
&tis experimentis invenienda efi vis attrahonis in diver& d&antiis,<br />
& lex attra&ionis in totum inde patefa&a dabit rationem decrementi<br />
virium partium fingularum, quam invenire oportuit.<br />
PROPOSIT XCIII. THEOREMA XLVXI, 2<br />
lrii solidurn ex wa purte planurn, ex reliquis autem paths injninm,<br />
conset -cx p~rticulis aqualibus #qualiter attrafh’vis, qtixrum<br />
zrires in recefti a solid0 decreJctint in ratione poteJatis cu-.<br />
jtiJwis dij!antiarum pluJguam quadratic&, & vi Solidi totim corptiJcuhm<br />
ad utramvis plani partem con$ttitum .trahatpr : dim<br />
guod Solid; vis iUa attrai%va, in recefu a6 ejw [tiperficie plaza,<br />
decreJcet in ratione potetatis, cy’zts lutus en! dzyantia corp$cz&<br />
u pfano, & Index ternario minor mam Index Zzotehkd<br />
s J<br />
?tis diJantidrtm.z.<br />
Cfzs. 1. Sit L G i! planum<br />
quo SoIidum terminatur.<br />
Jaceat Solidum autem ex<br />
parte plani hujus verfus<br />
I, inque plana innumera<br />
mHM,rcIN,&c. ipfiGL<br />
parallela recolvatur. Et<br />
prim0 collocetur corpus attra&kum<br />
C extra Solidurn.<br />
Agatur autem C G HI pla-<br />
06 illis innumeris perpendicularis, & decrefcant vires attraBiv=<br />
gun&orum Solidi in ratione potefiatis diltantiarum, cujus index fit<br />
zwlerus n ternario ,non minor* Ergo (per Coral, 3. Prop. xc)<br />
vis
1PFWWXPI.A MA~*HE~/~AT~c~. ‘2Oi<br />
vis qua planum quodvis OHM trahit pun&urn c elt- reciproce ut<br />
CH”-2. In plan0 m Hike capiatur longitude HMipfi C LIB-2 rcciproce<br />
proportionalis, & erit vis illa ut HM. Similiter in planis fin-<br />
@islG L,uIN, 0 x0,&c. capiantur longitudines GLJE,.KO,&c.<br />
ipiis CG%-2, Cdn-2, C.&L+2 38-x. reciproce proportionales ; & vi-<br />
JXS pIanorum eorundem erunt ut longitudines captaz, adeoque<br />
fumma virium ut fimma longitudinum, hoc efl-, vis Solidi totius UC<br />
area G.L 0 K in infinitum verfis 0 I< prod&a. Sed area ilIa (per<br />
notas quadraturarum methodos) efi reciproce ut CGs-3, & propterea<br />
vis Solidi totius et.I reciproce ut CGn-3. & E. 2).<br />
cas, 2. Collocetur jam cor,pukulum C cx parte plani IGL intra<br />
Solidurn, & capiatur difiantia CK xqualis difiantia CG. Et Solidi<br />
pars L GZoXO, planis parallelis IG L, a KO terminata, corpufiulum<br />
C in me&o fiturn nullam in partem traher, corltrariis op-.<br />
pofitorum pun&orum aAionibus k mutuo per zcqualitatem tollentibus.<br />
Proinde corpufculum C fola vi Solidi ultra planum OK fiti trahitur.<br />
Ha22 autem vis (per Cafum primum) efi reciproce us CK+3,<br />
I-IQC eR Cob azquales C G, CK) reciproce ut CG n-3. SE, 59.<br />
Go&. I. Hint ii Solidum L GIN plank duobus infiniris parallelis<br />
LG, IN utrinque terminetur j innotekit ejus vis attrafiiva,<br />
fibducendo de vi attrafiiva Solidi totius infiniri L G K 0<br />
vim attraQivam partis ulterioris NICO, in infinitum verfils KO<br />
prod&a.<br />
Coral. 2. Si Solidi hujus infiniti pars ulterior, .quando attra&io e-<br />
jus collata cum attra&ione partis citerioris nullius pene efI momen:<br />
xi, rejiciatur : attra&io partis illius citerioris augendo difiantiam de*<br />
crefcet quam proxime in ratione poteitatis CG@-3.<br />
C’oroZ. 3, Et hint fi corpus quodvis finitum & ex una parte pIanum<br />
trahat corpufhlum e regione medii illius plani, & difiantia<br />
inter corpufculum & planum collata cum dimenfionibus corporis<br />
attrahentis perexigua fit , co&et autem corpus attrahens ex<br />
particulis homogeneis 3 quarum vires attraaiva decrekunt in<br />
ratione potefiatis cujufvis plufquam quadruplicataz difiantiarum 5<br />
J7iS attrahiva corporis totius decrefcet quamproxime in ratione<br />
pot-fiat&, cujus latus fit difiantia .ill? perexigua, & Index ternario<br />
minor quam Index potefiatm pnom De cprpore ex particulis<br />
cohfiante, quarum vires attra&iva decrefcunt m ratione potefiatis<br />
triplicata difianfiarwm, affertio non valet; propterea quad, in hoc<br />
cafu, attraQio partis illius ulterioris corporis infiniti in Corollario<br />
fccundo, femper eR Tinfinite major quam attra&io partis citerioris.<br />
* ._.<br />
Dd<br />
i!k~0lila%
Si corpus aliquod perpendiculariter verfus planum datum tra;<br />
hatur, & ex data lege attraeionis qwratur motus corporis: Sol:<br />
vetur Problema quarendo (per Prop, XXXIX) motum corporis re&<br />
defcendentis ad hoc planum, & (per Legum Cowl. 2.) componendo<br />
moturn ilium cum uniformi motu, fkzundum Iineas eidem piano<br />
parallelas faaQ0. Et contra, ii quzratur Lex attra&ionis in planum<br />
~~~undurn lineas perpendiculares fa&a, ea conditione ut corpus attra&um<br />
in data quacunque curva linea moveatur, folvetur Problem<br />
ma operand0 ad exemplum Problematis tertii.<br />
Qperationes autem contrahi folent refolvendo ordinatinl applicatas<br />
in Series convergentes. Ut G ad bafem A in angulo quovis<br />
&to ordinatim applicetur longitude B, qua: fit ut bafis dignitas<br />
quaelibet AT ; & quzratur vis qua corpus, fecundurn -poEthem<br />
ordinatim apphcatz, vel in bafem attraeum vel a bafi fugatum,<br />
moveri p&it in curva linea quam ordinatim applicata term&<br />
no ho iilperiore lCempcr attingit: Suppono balm augeri parto<br />
m<br />
quam minima 0, & ordinatim applicatam mT’ refolvo in<br />
?.V---n<br />
m-2n<br />
,Qriem infilaitam A: +t 0 h” + mriamn 00 A x1 &. at-<br />
que hujus termino in quo 0 duarum efi dimentionum, id eR, tir-<br />
#.&mm-VW<br />
m-2n<br />
00,4-G-- vim proportionalem efk iilppono, E$<br />
zn?z<br />
igitur vis qwfita ut mm-mn A m?, vel quod perinde efi ,. ut<br />
?2?J<br />
mm-mfl m--in<br />
B fl’ Ut ii ordinatim applicata Parabolam attingat,,<br />
?aB<br />
exifiente m=z, & ar-I: fiet vis ut data qBO, adeoque dabi-.<br />
tur. Data igitur vi corpus movebitur in Parabol?,, queniaqmodum<br />
GRZ&WS demonfiravit. Qod B ordinatrm apphcz~&a<br />
Hyperbolam atdngat, exifiente m= o- I+,:.& TZ= I j fiei v$,ut<br />
a A-3 .feu 2B3: adeoque vi, qw fit ut cubus ordinatim ~pqhcatzel.<br />
corpus movebitur in Hyperbola. Sed miflis hujuiinodi Prop&&<br />
onibus, pergo ad alias quafdam de. MotuJ quas nondum attigi,
ROPOSI’I’IO XCW THEOREMA XLVIII.<br />
5’; Media duo Jmiluriu, spdtio planis parullelicr utrhque ter&ato,<br />
d@zgtiantur ab invicem, & corpus in tranJitu per hoc @atim<br />
attrahatur rue! impekmr perpendiculuriter QerSm Mediwz alter-<br />
24trm2, neque tifla alid vvi agitettir wcl impediatur : Sit uute~~<br />
,uttra&o, in dquulibus ab utroque plano dz$antiG ad eandem<br />
7ipfim parzem captis, ubique eddern : dice quod Jinus incidentiLc:<br />
erij ad J;mm emergentid ex piano Atero<br />
Case 1. Sunto Au, B b<br />
plana duo parallela. In+<br />
dat corpus in p)anum..prius<br />
Aa fecundurn lineam<br />
u<br />
d;H, ac totofuo per fpatium<br />
intermedium tranfitu<br />
attrahatur vel impellatur<br />
verfus Medium incidentiz,<br />
eaque aQioae defcribat<br />
lineam curvam H I3 &<br />
emergat jrecundum line- B<br />
am ~.I
204 PHILOSOPHIC fJA<br />
JJ E MOT U Cecans tam NM in T & L& quam MI produAam in Nj 8~ prima<br />
~~NPORUI.I fi attra&io vel impulfiis ponatur uniformis, erit (ex delnonitratis<br />
Gnlilai) curva HIParabola, cujus hzc elt proprieta% ut re&angulum<br />
fub dato latere reQo & lmea I M zquale fit HM quadrato ;<br />
fed g: linea NM bifecabitur in L Unde ii ad MI demlttatur<br />
perpendiculum L 0,. Z-<br />
quales erunc MO, 0 R i<br />
& additis zqualibus 0 x,<br />
01, fient totaz aquales A<br />
MN, IA. Proinde cum<br />
I R betur, datur eciam<br />
MN; eltque re&angulum<br />
NMI ad re&tangu-<br />
Pum fub latere re&ko 8~<br />
Iit& hoc eft, ad HMq,<br />
in data ratione. Sed re&<br />
angulum NMI aquak<br />
eit re&angulo T Ma jd<br />
eft, differentia quadratorum<br />
MLq, &TLq feu<br />
L Iq; & HMg datam<br />
rationem habet ad fui ipfius quartam partem ML; q : ergo datum<br />
ratio MLq - LI ad ML q, & divifim, ratio Llq ad ML g, 6~<br />
ratio dimidiata L 4 ad,/ML. Sed in omni triangulo L MA finus<br />
angulorum funt proportionales lateribus oppofitis. Ergo datur<br />
ratio finus anguli incident& L J4.R ad finurn anguli emergentiae<br />
UR, $?& ji$. Z?.<br />
62s. 2; TraMkat jam corpus fkcceEve per fpa’tia plura paltralk:.<br />
&is planis termina& Aa b B, B b CC> kc, & agitetur vi quaz fit in<br />
Gngulia
PRINCIIW!<br />
MATHEMATIcA,<br />
fingulis feparatim uniformis 3 at in diverfis diverfa 5 & per jam de- LIISER,<br />
monfirata, finus incidentk in planum primum Aa erit ad. finurn PRIMV~G.<br />
emergent& ex pla’no fecund0 B 6, in data ratione; & hit finus,<br />
qui efi finus incidentix in planum fecundurn 236, erit ad finurn<br />
emergentia.2 ex plan0 tertio Cc 3 in data ratione; & hit finus ad<br />
finurn emergentiz ex pIano quart0 D d, in data ratione; & fit in<br />
infinitum: &:$ex ;Equ.o> Gnus incident& in planum primum ad fi-<br />
1lun-r emergentk ex plano ultimo in data ratione. Minuan tur jam<br />
planorum intervalla & augeatur numerus in infinitum, eo ut afxra-<br />
Qionis vel impulfus aCtio, kcundum legem quamcunque afignatam,<br />
continua reddatur j & ratio Gnus incidentire in planum primum ad<br />
finurn emergentiz ex plano ultimo, femper data exifiens, etiarw<br />
num dabitus. $i$ E. D.<br />
PRO BOSI1[*10 X.CV. THEOREMA. XLIXe<br />
><br />
.@dem pojh ; dko qwod velocicq corporis antes incidevtiam efl<br />
c<br />
ud +YS cvelocitatem po.fT etiergkntaana, tit- Jnm~ emerge&g A<br />
,<br />
j%m incidentk<br />
. Ca@antur AH, Id zquales, 8-z erigantur perpenckik AG; ,dX<br />
occurrentia lineis incidentia: & emergent& GE, IR, in G & K:<br />
GH capiatur TN Equalis IK, & ad planum Aa demittatur<br />
rmaliter TV, Et (per Legum Corol. 2) difiinguatur motus cork<br />
poris in duos, unum planis Aa, B 6, Cc, 8~. perpendicularem, ali.<br />
. terum iifdem parallelurn. Vis attra&ionis vel impulfus, agen.do,fk<br />
cundum lineasperpendiculares, nil mutat,motum I’ecundum paralh+<br />
las, & propterea corpus hoc mot! conficret zqualibus temporibus,<br />
zqualia illa fecundum parallelas lntewalla, quz fint ,inter lineam<br />
AG & pun&urn H, interque pun&urn I& hneam dI
De hio;”<br />
tL 0 R I’ 0 1% U AI<br />
PRO’POSITIU<br />
XCVI.<br />
Nam concipe corpus inter parallela plana Ad, B & C.c, &c. defcribcre<br />
arcus Parabolicas, ut fupra 5 fintque arcus. illi ET, T ,$i$<br />
R&&C. Et fit ea linea: incidentia G H obliquitas ad planum p+rl?<br />
mum A&, ut finus incidentie fit ad radium circuli, cujus efi finus;<br />
in ea ratione quam habet idem finus incident& ad finurn emergentiaz<br />
ex piano I> d, in fpatium 2, de E: & ob finurn emergenzia<br />
jam fatinm zqualem radio, angulus emergentia: erit re&us, adeoque<br />
linea emergentiaz coincidet cum ulano 2) d, Perveniat carpus<br />
ad hoc planum in pun&o R j &‘quoniam linea emergentia<br />
caincidit. kim : eadem<br />
@ano, ,perfpicuum efi<br />
quod corpus non poteil:<br />
ultra pergere verfis<br />
planum Ee. Sed<br />
net potefi idem perge-<br />
&in ‘finea emergkntize<br />
Z&d, propteiea-quod<br />
perpecuo attrahitur vel irnpillitur .verCus Medium in&&&~. 3X&<br />
vertetur itaque inter plana Cc, CD d, defcribendo arcum’Y?arabola:<br />
*RR 2 cujus vertex principalis (juxta demo&rata G&k) efi in<br />
‘2 j 14 ecabit planurn Cc in e:odem atigulo,in 4, ac prius in & dein<br />
pergendo in arcubus parabolicis q& p.t5, kc. arcubus prioribus<br />
,RF, ‘,T H iimilibus & aquabbus, Gcabit reliqua plana in niaem<br />
angulis inp, h, kc. ac prius in T, H, 8-x. emergetque tandeni
~~rbui.m?~A MATHEMA
DE<br />
I\fOTU<br />
CQRPORUhI<br />
PROpOSIT XCVII. ROBLEMA XL<br />
6it A locus a quo corpufcula divergunt 5 B locus in quem con;<br />
-vergere debent j CD E curva linea qua circa axem AB revoluta<br />
defcribar fuperficiem qua&tam j 2), E curw illius pun&a duo qu%-<br />
vis j & E.& E G perpendicula in corporis vias AD, D B de&%.<br />
Accedat pun&urn I> ad pun&urn E j & line& 2) 5’ qua AI> au..<br />
:.getur, ad lineam 2) G qua I) B diminuitur, ratio ulcima erit eaden1<br />
~LWZ finus incident& ad hum emergentix. Datur ergo ratio<br />
+crementi line= AD ad decrementurn linea I) B ; & prop.terea<br />
5 in axe AB fimatur ubivis 1 pun&urn C, per quod curva CD J?S<br />
tranfire debet, & capiatur ipfius AC incrementum (2’2% ad ipfius<br />
B C decrementum C N in data illa ratione 5 centrifque A, BB 8~ iv-<br />
,tervallis AM, B AZ’ dekribantur circuli duo fk mutuo fecantes ln<br />
2) : pun&urn illud 2) tanget curvam quzfitam CD E, eandemque<br />
&vis tangendo determinabit. .&E. L<br />
~COVU‘): I, Faciendo autem.ut pun&urn A vel B nunc abeat in infinitum<br />
a nunc migret ad alteras partes pun&i ‘6, habebuntur Figuru<br />
ilk omnes quas Gzrtefws in Optica st Ceometria ad Refra-<br />
Qiones expofuit. Qyarum inventionem cum Carte~h maximi<br />
fecerit & fiudiok celaverit , vifim fuit hat ,propokotre $XP*<br />
m&To<br />
GwO~~
Carol. 2. Si corpus in fi~pcrficictn quamvis C D, fectrndum lineam r2 I ,$ w II<br />
reQam /f 23 lcgc quavis d&m incidcns, cmcrgal: Sccundum aliam .PR I~LU~;<br />
quamvis reElam ‘D IC:, / pi<br />
&: a pun&o C duci in- ..**<br />
...’<br />
...*<br />
tclligantur Linea= curv:I:<br />
..a-<br />
limper perpendiculnrcs :<br />
crunt incremcnta lineal<br />
rum ‘I> 59, $9, atqj Cdco<br />
linc3: ipfz F a, @J,<br />
incrementis iilis gcnitah<br />
ut fhus incidcntkc & c-<br />
mcrgcntkc ad inviccm :<br />
22 contra.<br />
PROPOSITIO XCVXII. PROBLEMA XLVIIX.<br />
Junea BB fkcet fugcrficiem primam in C & fecundtim in E,<br />
un&o 52 utc11nqt1e aff umpto. Et pofito Gnu incidentix in fiiperi:<br />
&em primam ad finurn emcrgcncin: cx e;ldcm, & Gnu cmcrgentiz<br />
6 fi~pcrficie fecunda ad hum incidenth in tandem 3 Tut quantitas<br />
ahqua dzttx M ad aliam datnm N ; roduc rum AB ad G ut fit B G<br />
ad Ck7 ut &I--N ad N, turn ACD a s 21 ut fit .&‘Hzqualis n G, turn<br />
etiam 2, F’ ad .K LN fit 22 IC: ad ‘D 11 ut N ad M. Junge KB, 81:<br />
cencro 52 intervallo 22 $1 dcfkribe circufum occurrcntem 1c.B pradu&z<br />
in zk, i fique 50 L parallclam age BE’: & pun@um 3 ranget<br />
Lineam P .5 Fj quz circa axcm AB rcvoluta defcrrbet ihpcrficiem<br />
quzfitam. $&E. E<br />
Nxm conci e Lincas CT, CRipfis AD, 99 F re$e@ivc, &I Lia<br />
ncas E+&!, E B ipfis FB, 3’2.3 ubique pcrpcndicularcs eKc, adeoque<br />
& crit (per Chrol. 2. Prt;lp. xcyrl)<br />
, adcoqucE;t ‘22 L ad ““33 K vel E B ad E K;<br />
&
DE bfOTU<br />
Conronusl<br />
@E -FS. Verum (ob<br />
proportionales B G ad<br />
CE & M-N ad N)<br />
efi etiam CE-+BE ad<br />
CE ut Mad N: adeoque<br />
divifim FR ad FS ut<br />
kf ad N, &propterea per<br />
Coral. 2. Prop. xcvIx,<br />
hperficies E Fcogit corpus,<br />
in ipfam fecundurn lineam F incidens, pergere in Iinea.<br />
ad locum B, &E. 23.
PROPOSITIO I. THEOlTJXA ‘I.<br />
Am cuti motu3 iingalis lemporis particulis aqudlibus hffis<br />
fir: ut VdciCita9j lioc dtj. ut itincris confe&i phrticula : erite<br />
componendo, motus toto tenipor’eamiffus ut iter totum. &&,!?.I).<br />
Go&, Igitur ii corpus, gravitate omni defiitutati, in fpatris liberisSola<br />
vi infita moveaturj ac detur turn motus totus fiib init& t.uti .<br />
etiati motus reliquwpofi fpatium aliquod confe&um : dabitur fjpatium<br />
totum quod c’orpus infinite tetipore defiribere pate,@. ,Erit<br />
,enim ffiat’ium illud a$ fpatium j&h defbriptuni, ut mobs t&w iub<br />
initio ad motus ilhs pa&h ariiiffani.<br />
,<br />
LEMMA I.
;1%% pj+mmx=v~~& NATwRALI.s<br />
UE MO-TLJ<br />
&=.ORPQRUM ROPOSITIO II. THEOREMA II.<br />
si corpori reJiJl’itur in ratione welocitatis, & idem [da vi i@a<br />
per n-sfed& pg&we ~o.mMhr,/inmmtur dutera tenzpora ay.u~<br />
{id : velo&&es in pinc$iis /i%gdOrclm tempOrum Ji4nt in progrefione<br />
Geometricti, & $atia j%~~liS te~~orjhs defcr+ta<br />
jiint ut zrelocitiate.f+<br />
J<br />
C~S, 1, Divid,atur ternpus in particulas 22qUaleS j & ii ipfis particularum<br />
initiis agat vis refifientix impulfo unico, CyLlX fit Ut VCIocitas:<br />
erit decrementurn velocitatis lingulis temporis patriculis ut<br />
eadem velocitas, Suns ergo vclocitatcs difFercntiis his proportianaks,<br />
132 proptePea (per LfX~- 1. Lib. 11,) contitzuc proportionales.<br />
Proil7de fi ex zquali particularurn numero componantur tcmpora<br />
qudibet zqualia ) erunt velocitates ipfis temporum initiis, ut fermini<br />
in progreflkme continua, qui,pcr Mtum capiuntur, omifl”o<br />
pa&n aquali terminorum intermedlorum numcro. i;‘omponuntuc<br />
autem horum terminorum rationes cx azqualibus ratronibus tern&<br />
norum intermediorum zqualiter repetitis, & pI+OptCrea hunt xquaks.<br />
lgitur velocitates, his eerminis proportionah, funt in progreff~one<br />
Geometrica. Minuarltur jam zquaks ilk temporum particuls,<br />
& augeatur earum numerus in infinitunh eo ut rcGfknti,7:<br />
impulfus reddatur continuus’; & velocitates in principiis aqualium<br />
6emporum, fernper continue proportionales, erllllt in hoc &am<br />
cai3 continue proportionales. S&E. 9.<br />
C&s. 2, Et divifim velocitatum diEercntizle, hoc yfi, carum pams<br />
fingulis temporibus arnifl”J=) fllCunt *UC tOti : Spat@ .auterrk fin@&<br />
temporibns dekciipta hnt Ut velocttatum artes amirE, (per Prop,*<br />
n.Lib. II.) St propterea etiam ut totz J G..E.fZ).<br />
Curot: Mint fi hfymptotis rctiaqylis AfB &; CN dcfiribxtur<br />
Hyperbola B G, Gntque AB, ED G. ad Afymptoton ~‘(2 per endicularcs,<br />
& exporlatur turn corporls velocltas turn refifientia il e3<br />
dii, ipfo Jnotwinitio, per lineam quamvis<br />
&tam AC, elapfo autem tempore aliquo<br />
pep linoam indefinitam ‘DC : ex,poni!<br />
potefi tempus per aream A B E.33; + fparium<br />
eo tempore dekriptum per hcam<br />
,&I>; Nam ii area illaS per motUm punbi<br />
D augeatur uniformitett admodum tempcy<br />
II
I’RINCIPIA MATHEMATxc,A.. q!<br />
ris, dccrckcc r&a WC in rationc Gcometrica ad rnodum v&xi- L2lltll<br />
tatis, Sr: parccs I&X .k?C aqualibus tcmporihs deh-ipta: decry- SL~“NDV~<br />
i?xnt in eadem ratiom
&loco quovis7) egrediatur Proj&ile<br />
fecundurn lineam quamv+<br />
re&am ZIT, & per longitudmem<br />
2) T exponatur cjufdem’<br />
velocitas fub initio tnotus. A<br />
pun&o T ad lineam Horizonta-,<br />
lem 2) C demittatur perpendiculum<br />
T C, & fecetur I) C in A<br />
UC fit Dlsl ad &‘C ue refifientia<br />
Medii, ex motu in altitudinem<br />
fub inieio orta, ad vim gravitatis;<br />
vel (quod perinde efit) ut<br />
fitre&angulumfibCDASrDT<br />
ad rehangulum fub AC & CT<br />
tit refifiencia tota fub initio mothis<br />
ad vim gravitatis. Afymptotis<br />
D C, CT, defiribatur Hyperbola<br />
quavis G TB Sfecans per enhula<br />
DG, AB in G & if j &<br />
compleatur ~a~allelogrammum<br />
D GKC, cu~us latus GK f&et<br />
AB in J& Capiatur linea N.in<br />
ratione ad &B qua I) C fit ad<br />
CT 5 & ad reti= DC pun-<br />
Bum quodvis R ere&o perpendiculo<br />
RT, quad Hyperbolz<br />
$I fT; fc re&!s EH, GK, BT
Zld FHILOSOPHI[~ NATURALIS<br />
~‘,~~~D8fi~l inde eit, cape R r xqrlalem GTIE N j & Proje&ile tempore D.Ii? TG<br />
perveniee ad punQum Y? defcribens curvam lineam I) ra F, guam<br />
punhun P kmper tangit, perveniens autem ad tiaximam ahtudinem<br />
n in perpendiculo AB, & p0ite.a f:mper approprnquans ad A-<br />
i-ymptocon T I, C. Efique velociras ejusln puntio quovis r ut Curvzx<br />
Tangens r L. .&E. 1.<br />
EfienimNad B utI)Cad CT fk~ D R ad RV,adedqueRy<br />
53<br />
9Rx B-BGT<br />
aqualis 2, I2 ” 3 & R r (id efi R Y-Yr feu ----%--I<br />
‘DR;AB-RtDGT<br />
aqualis<br />
N<br />
Expyatur jam tempus per are-<br />
•<br />
am ATIGT, & (per Legum<br />
-Coral. 2. ) difiinguatur motus<br />
corporis in duos, unum akenfus,<br />
alterum ad latus. Et cum<br />
refiitentia fit ut motus, difiinguetur<br />
etiam hzc in partes duas<br />
.partibus motus proportionales<br />
& contrarias : ideoque longitu-<br />
-do, a motu ad latus defiripta,erit<br />
(perProp. II. hujus) ut linea<br />
2, R, altitude vero (per Prop.<br />
~-XI, hujus) ut area ‘23 R x AB<br />
- R 13 G I, hoc eft, ut linea R r.<br />
Ipib autem motus initio area<br />
R B G T aqualis eit re&anguIo<br />
2) RxA ,&ideoque linea illa R t<br />
(feu BRxAB-DRxA$)<br />
N<br />
tune efi ad I> R ut AB-A$<br />
,Gu $&B ad N, id efi, ut CT<br />
ad fD C; atque adeo ut motus<br />
,in altitudinem ad motum in<br />
llongitudinem Cub initio. Cum r,<br />
iuitur R*r femper fit ut altitu-<br />
$0, ac 2) A femper ut longitudo,<br />
atque R T ad 2) R fub<br />
initio ut alcitudo ad longicudinem: neceffe et? ut R r femper fit ad<br />
!D R ut aftitudo ad lon$tudinem, k propterea ut corpus movea-<br />
Xur in linea (P r a F, quam pun&urn -r perpetuo tangit, KIT. 2).<br />
Coral.
ii producatur R T ad X ut fit RX =equaIis vR$AB, (ideit, ii<br />
corn pleatur parallelogrammum A C T r, jungatur 2) r fecans CT<br />
in 2, & producatur R T donec occurrat 2, Tin .Xj) erit Xr azqua..<br />
Iis R TIGT<br />
-- & propterea tempori proporcion~lis.<br />
N 9<br />
Coral. 2. Wnde fi capiantur innumers CR vei, quad perinde efi,<br />
innumerz 2 X9 in progrefione Geomctrica j erunt totidem Xr in<br />
progrcfione Arithmetica. Et hint Curva D rdF per tabulam Lo-<br />
$arithmorum facile delineacur.<br />
Coral. 3. Si vertice ‘D, diametro 2>E deorfum produQa, & La-<br />
.tere r&o quod fit ad 253 T ut refifientia tota, ipfo mow initio,<br />
ad vim gravitatis, ParaboIa contlruatur : velocitas quacum corpus<br />
exire debet de loco D fecundum reQam 2> T, ut in Medio uniformi<br />
refifiente defcribat Curvam D ra F9 ea ipfa erit quacum exire<br />
debet. de eodem loco 23, fecundum eandem re&am 59 • T> UC<br />
in fpatio non refiReme defcribat Parabolam. Nam Latus re-<br />
I) Y qwd. & y,<br />
&urn Parabola hujus, ipfo motus initio, efi y,<br />
-efi tGT N- feu DRxTt 2N . ReEta autem qu;E, G duceretur, Hy-<br />
perb&n GTB tangeret in G, parallela efi ipfi D K, ideoque<br />
2-c efi CKxDR & N erat gB X2)c Et propterea Yr efi<br />
‘DC<br />
-CT----*<br />
DRqxCiW CT<br />
, id et%, (ob proportionales I) A SC 2) C, 2, Y<br />
.zmcgxsp<br />
fDYqxcK x CT, &‘Larus reQum DYqztud.<br />
!&VT)<br />
- - prodit .<br />
zfDTqx@<br />
Yr<br />
2$~~$$$$,id efi (ob proportionales 2B &ClC, DA &AC)<br />
zfDA<br />
’<br />
,adeoqueadzCDT,ut21TXCDAadCTXAC;<br />
hoc<br />
- AC.%CT<br />
eft, ut refiitentia ad gravitatem.. L&E. fD.<br />
Coral. 4. Unde fi corpus de loco quovis V, data cum velocitate)<br />
ficundum retia-m quamvis pofitione datam ‘D T projiciaturj & re- :<br />
&fientia Medii ipfo moeus initio detur : inveniri potefi Curva<br />
!ZI ra,& quam cor.pus idem defcribet. Mam ex data velocitare<br />
FF<br />
datur
DE ht 0 T U datur kttus re&bm hrabok9 UC<br />
C~~~o~u~r now-n efi. Ec fhmendo 213 T<br />
ad latus illud rehm, ut efi vis<br />
gravitatis ad vim refifientiazl,<br />
datur ‘D T. Dein lecando fZI C<br />
in A, ut fit CT x AC ad<br />
I) T x CD A in eadem illa ratione<br />
gravitatis ad refiOentiam,<br />
dabitur pun&urn A. Et inde<br />
datur Curva ?> r n 14.<br />
Curd. f. Et contra, G datur<br />
Curva ‘?I r LJ F, dabitur & ver<br />
Pocitas corporis & refifientia<br />
Medii in locis iingulis r. Nam<br />
ex data ratione d’ ‘T X AC ad<br />
I) ‘T x 59 A, datur turn refifientia<br />
Medii dilb initio motus, turn<br />
latus re&um Paraboh: & inde<br />
datur etiam velocitas hub initio<br />
motus. Deinde ex longitudine _<br />
tangentis r L , datur & huic<br />
proportionalis velocitas, & ve- E<br />
locitati proportionaIis refifien-G<br />
tia in loco quovis r.<br />
Curol, 6. Cum autem longitudo<br />
zZIT fit ad latus re&um<br />
Parabolas. ut gravitas ad rehfien’tiam in 13 j St ex aufia veIocitate<br />
augeatur refifientia in eadem ratione, at latus r$kum Parabola: augeatur<br />
in ratione illa duplicata: patet longitudinem 2DT. augeri<br />
in ratione illa fimplici, adeoque +elocitati femper proportlonalem<br />
effe, neque ex angulo Cz) T mutato augeri vel minui, nifi mutetur<br />
quoque velocitas.<br />
Carol, 7, Unde liquet methodus determinandi Gurvam I>rap<br />
fzx Plwznomcnis quamproxime 3 & in& colligen$ retifiencialy ,&<br />
velokatem quacum corpus projicittir. ProJlciantur cnrpora ,duo<br />
hmilia & aqualia eadem ciam velocitate, de loco 2) 9 Cehwhn<br />
angulos diverfos C23 T, 6%)~ ( minukularum literarum locis fib..<br />
intelle&is) & cogno.f~antur loca E, f, ubi incidunt in hori,zontale<br />
planum I> C. Turn, aGmpta quacunque longicudime pro YI ‘p<br />
vel fD pr fingatur pod refifientia in ‘59 fit ad gravitatem in rzr<br />
tione
PRINerPIA MATHEB/liATfCA.<br />
219<br />
tione qua&et, & exponatur rario illa per Jongitudinem quamvis<br />
LIBER<br />
S&X Deinde per computationem 9 ex ~ongitudinc illa affumpta sEcusoUj<br />
2I 37, inveniantur fongitudines fD F2 'B;f ac de ratione r;f kB &, per<br />
ncalculum inventa, auferatur ratio eadem<br />
per experimentum inventa, & exponatur<br />
differentia per perpendicuhm nilAL Idem<br />
fat iterum ac tertio, affumendo femper<br />
novam refifientia ad gravitatem rationem<br />
8 M, & colligendo novam dift’erentiam<br />
MN Ducanhr autem differenti,?: affirmativa ad unam partem<br />
reQx Sill, & negative ad alteram ; or per pun&~ AT, N, 1~ agatur<br />
cwrva regularis NNN i‘ecans re&am SikZhIM in X, & erit SX<br />
atera ratio refifientia ad gravitatem, quam invenire oportuit. Ex<br />
hat ratione colligenda eit: longitude ‘I> F per calculum; & longicudo<br />
qua: fit ad affumpram’longitudinem m fpj ut longitude TI F<br />
per experimenturn cognita ad longitudinem 21 F modo inventam,<br />
erit Vera longitudo 9 T. C&a inventa, habetur turn Curva linea<br />
2) r d F quam corpus defcribit f turn corporis velocitas & refifientia<br />
in locis hngulis.<br />
Cdterum, refifientiam corporum effe ii1 ratione veI+tatis, Hy..<br />
pothefis efi magis Mathematics quam .Naturalis, Obtmet bat ratie<br />
quamproxime ubi corpora~in Medlrs rigore aliquo przdltls tardifflme<br />
moventur. In Mediis autem qu;p. rigore omni vacant refifientia<br />
corporum lunt in duplicata rati~one velocitatum. Etenim<br />
aQione corporis vclocioris communicatur eidem Medii quantitati,<br />
tempore minore, motus major in ratione majoris velocitatis; adeoque<br />
tempore .zquali (ob majorem Medii quantitatem perturba-<br />
Earn) communicatur aotus in duplicata ratione major; efiqve red<br />
Gfientia (per motus Legem II& 1x1) ut motus communlcatus.<br />
ideamus igitur quales oriantur motus ex hat lege ReGfientls,<br />
FE.2<br />
SECTIO
Ee Mar u<br />
EoRronuar<br />
PROPOSIT V. T’HEQREMA III.<br />
Si t&pri reJj!ihw in ~elocitiltis ratione dhplicdta, & idem Ji$g<br />
vi &$a per Medi~mJirMihe mocuetur; tempara vero JumaBl<br />
tar in progrejhe Geometrica d minara’bzu terminis ad rnaj,res<br />
pergente : dice quad gelocitates initio ~ngulo~um zemporum<br />
f&zt in eadem progrefiane Geometrica ‘inT)er[e, &, pod. fia&<br />
fint cequaliu qw Jngulir temporibus deJ&btlnttir.<br />
I%m quoniam quadrato velocitaais<br />
proportionalis efi refa.Ctentia Medii,<br />
& refiitentk proportionale efi<br />
decrementum yelocitatis; fi tempus 34<br />
in particulas innumeras zquales divi-<br />
: c’<br />
datur, quadrata velocitatum hgulis i<br />
‘.<br />
temporum initiis erunt velocitatum \<br />
earundem,differentiis proportionalia.<br />
I,<br />
Sunto temporis particalze illaz AK,<br />
:In<br />
“-----<br />
KL, LM, &e: in re&a CD fumptz,<br />
;<br />
& erigantur perpendicula AB, Kk, !<br />
: i . G”<br />
: j .<br />
G ,- D<br />
L I, Mmr &c, Jkhwerboh B k Gff8 G.<br />
ce&o~C~AfymptdtTis reQanguIis’ C$, CN dekriptze, occurrentia<br />
in B, k, Z, ‘m,&c, & erip A B ad K k ut C K ad GA, & divifim<br />
AB--Kk ad Kk ut AK ad CA, Sr viciffim AB-Kk ad.AK<br />
ut Kk ad CA, adeoque ut AB xXk ad AB xCA. Unde, cum<br />
,4K & AB xCA dentur, erit A$3 r,Kk ut AB x Kk’j & ultimo,<br />
ubi coeunt A B & K kj ut A B 4. Et Chili argument0 erunc K k-L t,<br />
&k-Mm, &c,ut,Kk~,L Zg,&c. Linearumigitur AB, Kk, .iX Mm<br />
I
PRIP+J~H’~A MATHEMATIcA. 5.211<br />
quadrata funt ut earundemdifferentkj & idcirco cum quadrata ve- LIIIER<br />
locitatum fuerint eciam ut ipfarum different&, fimilis wit amba- sECUNDUS<br />
rum progrefio. Qo demonitrato, conkqwens efi etiam ut area:<br />
his lineis defcripte fint in progreffiane conGmiii cum fpatiis quzveloci<br />
tat&us defcri buntur. Ergo ii velocitas initio primi temporis<br />
AK exponatur per lineam AB, 8~ velocitas initio kcundi K&<br />
per lineam I &c. zq~alias-<br />
$&E. f;r),<br />
Carol. I. Patec ergo quod, fi tempus exponatur per Afymptori<br />
partem quamvis AZ), & velocitas in princlpio tcmporis per ordinatim<br />
applicatam AB j velocitas in fine remporis exponetur per<br />
ordinatam 2, G, St fpatium totum defkiptum, per aream Hyperbolicam<br />
adjacentem AB Gr); necnon fpatium quod corpus aliquad<br />
eodem tempore A I), velocitate prima- AB, in.; Medio .non::<br />
refifiente defcribere poffet, per re&angulum A B x AD. .<br />
Coral. z; Unde datur fpatium in Medib refifiente defcriptum, ~2..<br />
piendo illud adbfpatiuti quad velocitate uniformi AB in medio non<br />
refifience fimul. d‘efcribi p&et, ut efi area Hyperbolica LIB G.Zd<br />
ad re&angulum AB x AD.,<br />
C&l, 3. Datur etiam refifientia Medii, fiarueado earn ipfo motus<br />
initio zqualem effe vi uniformi cencripetce, qu;e in cadentecorpore;<br />
ternpore. AC, in ;Medio non refifienre, generare poflkt velocitatem<br />
A B, Nam G ducatur B 2” qwz tangat Hyperbolam in B,<br />
8c. occurrat.Afymptoto in Fj reQa AT aqudis erit ipfi AC, &<br />
ternpus exponet quo refifientia prima uniforniiter continuata tolle-<br />
J!e poiree *elocitatem totam AB;<br />
Cowl ‘4. Eo ,inde ‘dakur eciam,proportib hujw refifientia: ad vim,<br />
gavitatis;,, gliamve quamvis datani vim ten tripe tam. I<br />
Carol. 5. Et viceverfa, ii datur proppkio refi$entik ad datam<br />
quamvis vim centripecam j datur tempus AC, quo vis centripeta<br />
I;efifientiz ;lequalis generare poffk velocitatern quamvis AB : &‘inde
% 2’2 ‘P’WItOSQPH’IA NATURALHS<br />
de datur pun&urn B per quod Hyperbola, AfymptotisC<br />
tb”,~~~~~~r’~~ defc&i d&et; ut & fpatium Afi 62), qllod corpus ilxipiendo<br />
mocum fiium cum velocicate illa AB, tempore quovis AD, in Mew<br />
die fimilari refiitente defiribere potefi.<br />
Afymptotis re&angulis C’JD,<br />
CH defkripta Hyperbola quavis.BbEekcanteperpendicula<br />
AB,ab,D E,de, in B,6,E+,<br />
I exponantur velocitates initi-<br />
X-3<br />
ales per perpendicula A B,<br />
DE, Sr tempora per lineas<br />
Aa, D d, Efi ergo ut Aa ad<br />
2, dita (per Wypotbefin) ‘D B<br />
ad AB, & ita (ex natura Myperbolaz)<br />
CA ad CD j 8~ COIIIponendo,<br />
ita Ca ad Cd. Ergo C<br />
.area AB&a, I> E ed hoc efi, fpatia defcripta aquantur inter fe,<br />
& velocitates prim% AB, 2, E funt ultimis a li, de, & p’ropterea<br />
(dividenda) partibus etiam fuis amifis A B -ah 59 E - de pro-<br />
.portionales. g E. 9.<br />
PRQPOSI I[. TMEOREMA V.<br />
$orpord Sphmicca guihs re&‘itur in dtiplicata wtione vehitatzm,<br />
temporibus quce rant ut motto primi direffe & rej$enti~ pri-<br />
.wrtl invevfe, dmittent .ptwtes mottim proportionaZes hh4-, &<br />
@atid de[cribent tempo&w a$% hz velocitutes prhrm A&k<br />
+proportionulid.
RINCIPIA MATHEMATIC’& eq-<br />
conjuntiim. Igicur ut partes ilk fint totis proportionales, debe- LIBEII<br />
bit refifientia & tempus conjun&im efk UC motus. Proinde tern- SECIJND~~:<br />
pus eric ut: motus dire&e & refifientia inverfk. Qare temporum<br />
particu!is in ea racione fimpris , corpora amittenr femper parciculas<br />
motuum proportionales totis, adeoque retinebunt velocitates<br />
in ratione prima. Et ob datam velocitatum rationem, defcribent<br />
~Gxiper fpatia qua2 tint ut velocitates prim= & tempora conjuntii~~.<br />
,$I?& E. D.<br />
Carol, 1. Igitur fi atquivelocibus corporibus refifiitur in duplicata<br />
rat&e diametrorum : Globi homogenei quibufcunque cum velocitytibus<br />
moti, defcribendo fpatia diamctris Louis proportionalla, amitcent<br />
partes motuum proportionales totis. Motus enim Globi CUjufque<br />
erit ut ejus velocitas & Maffa conjuntiim, id efi, ut velocitas<br />
& cubus diametri; refifientia (per HypotheGn) erit ut quadrarum<br />
diametri & quadratum velocitatis conjuntiim; & tempus (per<br />
hanc Propofitionem) efi in ratione priore dire&e & ratione poiteriore<br />
inverfe, id efi, ut diameter dire&e & velocitas inverfiee; adeoque<br />
rpatium (tempori & velocitati proportionale) et% ut diameter.<br />
CoroL 2. ,Si xquivelocibus corporibus refifiitur in rarione Mquialtera<br />
diame,trorum : Globi homogenei quibufcunque cum velocitatibus<br />
mot& dekribendo fparia in fefquialtera racione diametroruma<br />
amittent partes motuum proportionales totis.<br />
,;CoroG, 3, EC, univertiliter, fi azquivelocibus corporibus refifiitur in<br />
ratio& dignitatis cujukunque diametrorum : cpa.tia quibus Globi<br />
homogenei, quibufcunque cum velocitatibus mote, amitcent partes<br />
motuum proporcionales totis, erunt u~cubi diametrorum ad dignitatem<br />
illam‘ applicati. Sunto diametri D 8E E; & ii refiitentiaz2 .<br />
ubi velocirates xquaies ponuntur, fint ut D” & E”: ipatia quibus<br />
Globi., ~uibwkcunque cum velocitatibus moti, amittent partes rn?-<br />
fuum proportionales totlsj erunt ur D3-n & ES-~. Igrtur defcrlbendo<br />
fpatia ipfi~ D3 -+ & E3-+ proportionaiia, retinebunt veloci-<br />
,<br />
tares in eadem ratione ad invicem ac fub initio.<br />
Coral; 4, Qlod fi Globi non fmt homogenei, fpatiu.m a Clobo<br />
&&ore defcriptum augeri debet in ratione denfitatls. Lotus<br />
enim, G3b pari velocitate, major efi in ratione denfitatrs, & tempus<br />
(per. hanc Propofitionem) augetur in ratione rnotus dire&e, ac<br />
fpatium dekrip turn in ratione remporis.
F) E RI Cl 'T u &ral, r, it fi Globi moveantur in Mediis dive&; ,fpatium in<br />
CoRrOftU>l h/ledio, quad csteris paribus magis refifiit, dimifiuendum erit ia<br />
ratione majoris refiOentia. Tempus enim ( per hanc .Propofitiol<br />
nem) diminuctur in done refifienciaz au&z, & $atiuin in r+<br />
tione temporis.<br />
Genitafil voco quantitatem omnem qua2 ex lateribus vel terminis<br />
quibufcunque, in Arithmetica per multiplicationem, divifionem,<br />
& extra&ionem radicum ; in Geomecria per inventionem vel contcntorum<br />
& lacerum, vel extremarum & mediarum proportionalium,<br />
abijue additione & ~ubdu&ione geheratur. Ejufinodi quantitates<br />
filnt FaQi, Quoti, Radices, Reaangula, Qyadrata, Cubi, Latera<br />
quadrata, Lacera cubica,& fimiles. Has quantitates ut indeterminatas<br />
& infiabiles, & quafi mocu fluxuve ,perpetuo crekentes vel decreficnres,<br />
hit confider0 j & earum incremen ta vel decremen ta momentanea<br />
fiub nomine Momentorum incelligo: ita ut incrementa pro<br />
momentis addititiis feu afl?rmativis, ac decrementti pro filbdufiitiis<br />
ku negativis habeantur. Cave tamen intellexeris particulas finitas,<br />
Particulz finita non fkt momenta, kd quantitates ip& ex<br />
momentis genita. Int,elligenda’fint principia jamjam nafientia finitarum<br />
,magnitudinum. Neque enim fpe&wr in hoc Lemmate<br />
magnicudo momentorum, kd prima nafientium propkwtio, Eel<br />
dem recidit fa loco momentorum ufurpentur vel velocitates incre.<br />
mencorum ac decrementorum ) (quas etiam motus , mucationes<br />
& fluxiones quanticatum nominare Jicet) vel finitaz qua2vis quantirates<br />
velocitatibus hike proportionales. Eateris autem cujufque<br />
generancis Coefficiens efk quantitas, quz oricur applicando Geni-<br />
tam ad hoc latus,<br />
lgitur fenCus Lektmatis efi, W ii quantitatam<br />
perpetuo motu crefcentium vel decrefcentium A3<br />
arumcunque<br />
C, &c. mom<br />
menta, vel mutationum velocitates dicancur a3 6, c, kc, momentum<br />
vel mutatio geniti re&anguli A B fuerit a B +b A, & geniti con-<br />
..sengi A B C .momen.tum- fuerit a B C -+- Ei A. C + c A B : & genitarum<br />
,digni-
A -1 -2212 32 & - gad-* refpe&ive. EC generaliter, uc dignitatis<br />
N--nr<br />
cujufcunque AS momentum fuerit ~LZ AT. Item ut Gcnicaz<br />
A’B mamentum fuerit ZUA B + b A” 5 & Genitz 43 I3 CL momen-<br />
A3<br />
turn 3aAzB4Cx+.+bA3 B3 C++ zcA3 B+ C; & Genitz y Bfi<br />
-<br />
;e A?B-” momentum 3dAIB-” - 2 bA3 BL3: & fit in cxreris. ’<br />
&kmonfiratur v&o Lemma in hunt modwm.<br />
C~s. I. Reeangulum quodvis motu perpetuo au&urn A B,<br />
ubi de lateribus A, & B deerant momentorum dimidia i a & : 6,<br />
fuit A-$a in B-fb, ku AB-$dB-tbA+tdbj & quam primum<br />
latera A & B alteris momentorum dimidiis au&a funt, evadie,<br />
A-t-$a inB+$b Ceu AB4-faB-kbA+iab. Dehoc reQan-<br />
&lo fubducatur. re+ngulum prius, & manebic exceffus a B + b A.<br />
Igitur laterum incrementis totis a & b generatur refkanguli incrementumaB+bA.<br />
.&,!Z.D.<br />
Gas. 2. Ponatur AB kmper zquale C, & contenti ABC feu<br />
G C momenttim (per Gas. I.) erit g C 3-c G, id cR (h pro G & g<br />
fcribantur AB &;zB+bA) aBC+bAC+cAB. Etpar efi ratio<br />
conrenti fub lateribus quotcunque. .L& E. I>.<br />
CM. 3. Ponantur latera A, B, C fibi mutuo limper aqualia j &<br />
ipfius A”, id efi re&anguli A B, momentum d B + b A erit z&A, ipfms<br />
autem A3, id elt contenti A B C , momentum a B C +b A C<br />
+EA.B erit 3aA’. Et eodem argument0 momentum dignitatis<br />
cujufcunque A” efi n a An+‘* &E. D.<br />
Cm. 4. Unde cum 2 in A fit 1, momentum ipfius f A d&&n<br />
in A, una cum$ du&o in ct erit momentum ipfius I, id e$ ni-<br />
hil. Proinde momentum ipfius i feu ipfius A-’ eR 5. Et ge-<br />
neraliter cum & in An fit x2 momentum ipfius A$ d&urn in‘ A!<br />
$.<br />
Gg<br />
una
I<br />
i.,~~P~f~~ una cllm -LV in 71 a Au-x erit nihil. Et proprerea mornenyym +,<br />
fius gn feu A-” eric - sIa L& E 53.<br />
C~S. 5, Et cum A: in A’; fit A, momentum<br />
ipfius A$ du&um in<br />
2 At erit a, per Gas, 3 : ideoque momentum ipfius A$ erit -&<br />
2A5'<br />
five f&A-+. Et generaliter ii ponatur A ?rrquak B, erit Am z:-<br />
quale B’J, ideoque ma Amy-r zqude tib B”-‘j & md A-’ aqua-<br />
le n b 8-I fiu nbA -f, adeoque Tu A? aquale b; id CR,. &quale,<br />
moment0 ipfius A 5, &E. ED.<br />
&s. 6. Igitur Genita cujukufique Am B” momentum efi homentunl<br />
ipfius Am du&.um in B”; nna, culin fnom.ento ipfius B” du.-.,.<br />
&to in Am, id efi r)z d A”-’ @’ + B b B”-’ A” j idclue five digtiiratum<br />
indices l?a & 1~ fint integri numeri vel fratii, five afifmativi<br />
vel negativi. Et par efi ratio, contetiti fub pluribus dignitati-.<br />
- .<br />
bus. &E. D.<br />
~oroZ, I. Hint in continue proportionalibus, fi rePminus UIW,.<br />
datur, momenta terminofum reliquornm erunc hit i.ickm terqhi<br />
mui tiplicati per, nw-neftim ir?terval~lozu’III inker ‘I@%- & t&illiUfi<br />
datum. jtunto A, B’, .C,. D,- E?, I? c~o~tkt~e:‘prapor~~o~aifes j & fi<br />
detur terminus” (Z, momenta r&quorum terminorum erunt inter.<br />
i’e ut- zA, --a Ii); zE; 3,F.<br />
:;@-rfiJ, ..j, Ec’.:;“. I i n ,,quatuor propartionafibw dtiz medk. dentur,.<br />
tiknerlta egtremarum erunt ut eadem extren-w. Idem titellig~n-<br />
&III eR dd lriferibus retianguli cujufcunque dati.<br />
Coral. 3, Et ii fitmma vel diferentia duorum qtiadratorum detur,,<br />
momenta laterwm erunt reciproce ut latera:.<br />
Eri literis qug &hi cum Geomctra peritiffi-&no 6. G; L&MtzSaa+<br />
nis abhinc &ccey~ intcr@ebwt, : cuffs fig$ficsarem me cornpot&<br />
efk methtidi determinandi Maximas & Minimas, ducendi Tangente.s,,<br />
& fimilia +agendi,- qua in terpinis fwdis azqu8e a,c in rati,or<br />
sialibus ptoce B e:ret:, & lit.eris tran@ofitis hanc fentW$iam involven-<br />
1 . , tibus;
PROPOSITIO VIII. Y~WKIREMA VI.<br />
$; corpus in Me&o uniformi, Gmitate ’ uniformiter ugente, ye &!a<br />
ascend&t vel defcendat, & jahm toturn de[criptum dzJ&.zgtiatar<br />
in partes cyuales, inque principik Jingu/arum parthn2<br />
(addend0 refiientiam Medii ad vim gravitatis, quando COY-<br />
_ pus arcendit, vel Jubducendo $farn quando corpus def&nditJ<br />
co.l@ntadr Tires abfoht& j dice quod Tires i/b ahJob jiint<br />
in progreflone Geotietrica.<br />
Exponatur enim vis gra+ttis per datam lineam AC; refiflen.<br />
ria per lineam indefkicam AK; vis abfzhta in defcenfu corporis<br />
per differentiam K’i velocitas corporis .per lineam AT (qw fir<br />
media proportionah .inter AK & AC, ideoque in fubduplicata<br />
ratione refifientia j> incrementurn refifiqntia data temporis particu-<br />
Ia faGurn per lineolam JKL, &‘contemporwieum velocitatls incrementum<br />
er lineolam “P.$$ 82 centro C Afymptocis rekwgulis<br />
CA, C d . defcribatur Hyperbola quzvis BATS, eretiis perpendir;ulis~B,<br />
KN, LO> TRR, L@’ occurrens in,B, N, 0, R, 5’. QOnidm<br />
AK efk ut AT q 9 erit”l$jus momentum .K L ut illius mome&urn<br />
zAy ,$& id & ut AtY in KC. Nam velocitatis increm&iurn<br />
T,& (per mow Leg. II.> proportionale eit vi generanti KC.<br />
Componatur ratio ipfius KL cum ration,~ ipfius IiT.&?, SE 6et r&tangulumKLxKNutA"iPxKi~xIC~;<br />
hocefiP, obdatumreeangulum<br />
KCXKN, UtA*F. Atqut are32 Hyperbolic32 KNOL<br />
ad reQangulum ML;-~Kti~atio ultiina, ubi coeunt pun&a K&L,<br />
+k aeyualitatis. Ergo area il!a Hyperbolica evanekcns 4% ut AT’.<br />
Compofiitur igitur area rota Hyperbolica. A B 0 E ex particuljs<br />
KNO .,?I, velocieati’ A5? fernper proportlonalibusJ &~,piopt~rea<br />
fpatio velocitate ifia defcripto, proporrlonalls ek Divrdatur’ jam<br />
area illa in pastes aquales k? B MI3 i MATIC, IL NO L&c. 82 vi-<br />
G.8 2 res
azs pHIKWX’HI& hh=$PWkEIS<br />
1) ,>, h?OT u res abroluw AC, IC, KC, L C, kc. erunt in progrefikone Gee-<br />
Conl’onu~l metrjca, $ B. 59. Et Gmili argumento, in afcenfu corporis, funlendo,<br />
ad contrariam partem pun&i A, zquales areas. AB mi,<br />
i ye gkk, b B o I, kc. confkabit quad vires abfolutz AC, iC, k C, ZC, &c.<br />
-&nc cofltinue proportionales. ldeoque Ii fpatia omnia in aibenfii &<br />
dei’cenh capiancur azqualia ; omnes vires abfolutz IG, kc, iC, AC>,<br />
.IC, KC, &IC> k-42, crunt continue prQpo.rtionales, $$kLCDr<br />
&~roZ; 1,. Rinc ii fpatium defcriptum exbonatur per aream l3y-<br />
~erbolichn AB2\T.f
PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICX 223<br />
tatem illam datam in fi~bduplicata ratione, quam habet vis Gravi- LIBER<br />
SECUNDUStaris<br />
ad ,Uedii. refiitentiam illam cognitam.<br />
PROPOSHTIO, IX. THEOREMA VII.<br />
.<br />
Re&a AC, qua vis gravitatis exponitur, perpendicularis & LEA<br />
qualis ducatur AD. Centro ‘D kmidiametro A’D dehibatur turn<br />
Circuli quadrans A,? E, cum Hyperbola re&angula A YZ axenx<br />
habens AX, verticem prJncipalem A & Afymptoton fz) C. Juhgantur<br />
Cog, D Ip, 8r: erit fe&or Circularis At ‘53 ut tempus afcenfus<br />
omnis futuri j & kCtor Hyperbolicus AT23 ut temyus defcenfus<br />
. omnis pr33eriti. Si modo feQorum Tangentes Ap, AbP ht ut<br />
velocitates.<br />
Gas. I. Agatur eni+ I) vq abhindens k&to& k”Dt 8i: trianguli<br />
k$Ezap momenta,. feu. particulas quam minimas fimul defcriptas<br />
tDv & $fDq. CQm particulz ilk, ob angulum communem<br />
9, fiunc in dup1icat.a ratione laterum, erit particuia t23 v<br />
Ergo fe&oris particula ,tFa weit Qt $f,<br />
id efi-, ut velocitatis, de-<br />
&mcntum quam minimum ps diretie et ‘vis illa Ck quz velocitatem<br />
dimig.uit inverfet, atque adeo ut: particula temporis ,decremento<br />
rei’pondens.. Et cpmponendo fit i’umma particulasum omnium,<br />
t 13 +?i’fl k&ore AD t , ut lirkma- particularurn temporis<br />
fingulis velocitatis decrefcentis A,P particulis amifis p 4 refpondentium,,:<br />
ufq\le. ‘dum velocitas ‘Zlla- if1 nihilum diminuta eva4<br />
nuerit j hoc eti, fid-or ptbx+A~t efi ut afienhs tot+ futuri.<br />
Eempus, $ig$u!2n<br />
, .<br />
., .’ .,*..A,a’ i.8.
~["~mcxI)rA MATHEMAT’I’CA... @ 5<br />
fs R generanturj ut iilmma particularum .fi&oris AT-Dj ‘id. elf, LlDEIt<br />
ternpus torum ut feQor POtUS. L&E. 53,<br />
SECUNDUS;-<br />
C&, 1. Hint ii A3 azquetw quart32 parri ipiius AC, fpat& 1<br />
quad corpus cemppre quovis cadendo defcribic, erit ad fpatium<br />
quad- corpus velocltate maxm~a AC, eodem cempore uniformiter<br />
progrediendo defcribere poteft, ut area AB iVK+, qun fparium<br />
cadendo defcrip tum exponitur, ad aream A?+D qua tempus ex-,<br />
ponicur. Nam cum fit AC ad AT UC A’T ad AK, erit (per<br />
CoroJ. I, Lem. II hujus) LK ad P&‘.LIc 2AK ad A-P, hoc eft,<br />
UC 2 A ‘p ad AC, 8~ inde /, K ad t ‘T &j, ut AT ad ($ A;C vel)<br />
AB; elt & KN’ad (AC vel) AD UC AB ad CK; itaque ex<br />
quo I, KN ad cD,Tg ut A*P ad CK. Sed erac D 6P$ad<br />
D TV ut CK ad AC. Ergo rurfus ex. xquo L ICN efi ad -23‘rPV<br />
ut AT ad AC; 110~ efi, UC veiocitas corporis cadentis ad velo&<br />
tatem maximam quam corpus cadendo pocefi acquirere. Cum<br />
igitur arearum AB NK Sr A TZ) momenta L ICiV & I) TF<br />
funt ut vclociaaces, erunt arearum illarum partes omnes fimul<br />
&enit;E: ut 6patia fimul dekripra 3 ideoque arez cotir: ab initio<br />
genitz ABiVK.Sr ArD UC fpatia tota ab initio dekenfus dekripta.<br />
& E# 2).<br />
CLVV,!; 2. ldem conkquitur etiam de fpatio quad in af&nru &<br />
kribitur. Nimirum quad fpatium illud omne iit ad fiatium, unifo,rmi<br />
cum velacitate AC eodem tempsre defcriptum, ut efi arca<br />
ABnk adk&orem AI>t.<br />
CwoZ. 3!,. Velocitas corporis tempore ATTI cadentis efi ad velocitatem,<br />
quam eodem tempore in fpacio non refiItente acquireret,<br />
ut triangulum AT’D ad k&orem Hyperbolicum A’FD~<br />
Nam velocitas in Medio non refiftente forec UC rempus ATD, &<br />
in Medio refifiente efi ut AT, id eft, ut triangulum AT D. Ec<br />
velocirates ilk initio, dekenfus rrquantur inter k, perinde ut arez<br />
illa: SZZI,. AT.CD.<br />
; I.<br />
Co&. 4. Eodem argumento velocitas in afienfn. ifi ad velocim;<br />
tern; qua corpus eodem tempore in. fpatio non refifiente omnem<br />
fuum afcendendi motum amittere poffet, ut triangulum Ap 92 ad<br />
k&orem Circularem At 59 j five ut re&a Ap ad arcum At.<br />
CuroZ..$. Efi igitur tempus quo. corpus in Medio. refiftente cadendo.<br />
velocitatem .AF acquirit, ad tempus quo velocitatem manimam<br />
AC in fpatio,non refifiente cadendo acquirere poffet, ut [e&ok<br />
&‘D 27’ ad triqngulum AD Cl 6-z teqxas~ quo velocitatem A&&
loca quarum corporis in hat<br />
curve ah Fad gpergenris;<br />
wG;I;‘,. HC, IT?, K E or- /<br />
dinata quatuor parallela: ab’<br />
h.is pun&is ad. horizontem I3
R cm<br />
%&:A. zjg<br />
t tempera quibus corpus defcribit arcus GE& .H.& ermt in I,TI!P,r<br />
fubduplicata ratione altitudinum LI-6, Al% q~as corpus tempo- SE!::J:~.~,~~~<br />
ribus illis defiribere poflk, a tangentibus cadenda : & velocitases<br />
eruflt ut longitudines defixiptz GH, HI dire& & tempera inverfk,<br />
EXponantur tempera per T & 8, k velocitaces per<br />
GA? & AYI#<br />
*- . & decremel3tum velocitatis rempore t fa&um ex-<br />
=T- $<br />
GH HI<br />
ponetur per -T- - l.. Hoc decrementurn oritur a refiltenria<br />
corpus retardan te & gravitate corpus acceleran te. Gravitas in<br />
csrpore cadente & fjpatium NI cadendo def‘cribente, generac ve-<br />
Bociratem qua duplum illud fpatium eodem tempore de~ri& po3-<br />
/<br />
tuiffet (ut GaZX&s demonfiravit) id efi, velocitatem - : at<br />
t<br />
in corpore arcum WI defcribente, au&et arcum ihm fola longi-<br />
MIX A7x<br />
tudine HI-HA? I&I NI y ideoque generat tantum vclo-<br />
2MlxNI<br />
citatem fl txWI *<br />
Addatur hax velocitas ad decrementum<br />
przedi&hn, & habebitw decrementum velocitatis ex refiftentia<br />
GH HI 2i%!~xNI<br />
fola oriundum) nempe T<br />
Proindeque<br />
-7+---* tx23.r<br />
cum gravitas eodem tempore in corpore cadente generet velocitatem<br />
ZNI GET HI<br />
- j Refifientia erit ad Cravitatem ut T -T + 2MlxN.Z<br />
if<br />
ad<br />
2x1<br />
----Y<br />
z<br />
five ut txGH<br />
T<br />
-HI+ ’ M’xN1<br />
HI<br />
ad 2 PJP 0<br />
ro abfkiflis CB, CDs CE tiribantur -03 Q, z o, Pro<br />
O$EZaZ CN fixib?tur & pro MI fcribatur feries qux:libet<br />
QofRoo+sQ3+ikC.<br />
I& fk-iei termini omnes pofi primum<br />
nempe R D o + S o3 $8~. erun t NI, 6r Qrdinata ‘DJ, EK, & h’d<br />
erunt P-Q-ROD--So3 --&z&c, I?--2@--4R00°- XSo3--&c,<br />
& P+C&-R00+S03-&c~ refpe&ive. Et quadrando difrerentias<br />
Ordinararum B G - CH & CH- 531, & ad quadrata pro-.<br />
deuntia addend0 quadrata ipfarum B C,. CD, Iaabebuneur arcuum<br />
Gf& Nil quadrata m.+-QQo--2Q~b~-+~tc,, SC<br />
,-.n<br />
OO+CJ$&<br />
tx.EiI
ventos endit !!C%!! d H -j-<br />
3 5<br />
zR<br />
Et cum 2 NI fit 2 R 00,<br />
f$SOO<br />
Wentia jam erit ad Cravitatem ut -_- 1/ I +- QQ -1 , ad 2 Ro o 41 .<br />
2K<br />
id cfi, ut @dx++Qad @XR.<br />
Velocitas autem ea efk quacum corpus de loco quovis H, fetecundum<br />
tangentem H.iV’ egrediens, in Parabola diametrum HC<br />
& latus re&tum TI.a HNq feu ‘+ R ,_ habente, deinceps in vacua<br />
moveri pot&.<br />
Et refifientia ef% ut Medii denfitas & quadratum velocitatis<br />
conjun&im, 82 propterea edii denfitas eft ut refifientia dir&e<br />
& quadratum velocitatis inverfe, id eA, ut dire&<br />
& 1-kQQ-<br />
K.<br />
mvede,<br />
hoc efi, ut<br />
JW/+<br />
CoroL E. Si tangens HN producatur utrinque donec occurrae<br />
HT<br />
Ord’inatx cuilibet A’F in T: wit xc azqualis d I+ , adeo*<br />
que in filperioribus pro 4 I +QQkribi pot&<br />
Refifientia erit aidravltateni uc 3 S X.HT ad 4R<br />
S%AC<br />
citas crit ut + -) & Medii denfitas erit ut Rx p-4r<br />
AC&<br />
Cor51. 2. Et hint, fi Curva linea 5? FHRdefiniatur per relarrionem<br />
inter bakm k‘eu abkiffam AC 8a ordiwim apphcatani<br />
CH,<br />
S
CH, (ut moris efi) Sr valor ordinatim applicatz refolvatur io k- L ! I! rlf<br />
rriem convergen tern : Problema per primos kriei tcrminos expc- s Lcz ti >: ls ” i.<br />
dice folvetur, ut in exemplis fequentibus.<br />
ExempZ. I, Sit Linea cp” E’Ng Semicirculus fuper diamecro P-q<br />
defcriptus, & requiratur Medii denfitas quz faciat LX ProjeMu<br />
in hat linea moveatur.<br />
Brfecerur diameter T’ g in A, die A 2 U> AC u, CH e, &I<br />
CD 0: 82 erit Dlq ku ~~2--n~g=nn-au-220-00, feu<br />
ee--zao-oo3 & radice per mechodum nodtram extra&a, fret<br />
a303<br />
~I,e-a_D-~e-~~o~-~-03--- -&c. p-lit fcribatur no<br />
e 3e3 2e5<br />
pro ee+ua, & evadet<br />
!DI==e--~-~~-!-.‘!-~c~<br />
J-Jujufinodi feries difiinguo in terminos f’uccefivos in hunt madum,<br />
Terminum primum appello in quo quantitas infinite parva<br />
0 non extat; fecundurn in quo quantitas illa efi unius dimenfionis,<br />
tertium in quo extat<br />
duarum) quartum in quo<br />
trium efi, & fit in infinitum.<br />
Et primus terminus<br />
qui hit efi e, denotabit femper<br />
longitudinem Qrdinata:<br />
CH infifientis ad initium<br />
indefinitz quantitatis 05 6%<br />
cundus terminus qui hit eft<br />
y3 denotabit differentiam<br />
inter CH 8~ 9 N, id eft-, hneolam MN quz abfcinditur corn--<br />
plendo para~~~~qgmnm-n HC I) A?, atque adeo pofitionem rangentis<br />
HA! fernper determinat : ut in hoc cafu capiendo MN ad<br />
H.ikf ut efi f.f ad 0, ku a ad e.<br />
e<br />
Terminus tertius qui hit efi<br />
‘K!-‘o defignabit<br />
2e3<br />
lineolam IN qua jacet inter tangentem G= curvam,<br />
adeoque determinat anguium contatius PUN feu curvaturam<br />
quam curve ‘linea habct 1n A? Si lineala illa IN finicx efi<br />
magnitudinis 9 defignabitur per cerminum terrium ma CUQI ieN<br />
quentibus in in6nitum. At fi lineola illa minuatur in infinitum,<br />
,I411 2 termi-
ao DLnOO annui<br />
CoIlfcratur ,jam iirieS 6 - e - .re3 - - - - &C, CUm Ierie<br />
2e5<br />
prodibit Me&i dcnfitas UC -f, hoc efil (ob datam a,) ut %, f&l<br />
llre<br />
AC<br />
.-- id ef& ut tangentis Iongitudo iIIa HT qw ad knzidime-<br />
GN’<br />
trum AF ipfi T & normaliter infifientem terminatur: & refifientia<br />
erit ad gravitatem UC 3 LZ ad 212, id efi, ut 3 AC ad CircuE<br />
diameerum ‘T ..$$ veloci tas autem erit ut 4 &‘H, @yare fi carp<br />
jufia cum velocltate fkcundum lineam ipfi I”& parallelam exeat<br />
de Ioco F, & Medii denfitas in fingulis locis N fit ut longitudo<br />
tangentis HT, & refikntia etiam in loco aliquo N fit ad<br />
vim gravitatis ut 3 AC ad T R, corpus illud dekribet Circuli<br />
quadran tern F Ha J&E. P.<br />
At G corpus idem de loco T, kcundum lineam ipfi T 2 perpendicularem<br />
egrederetur, 82 in arcu femicirculi T Fg moveri<br />
inciperet, fumenda effet AC fku a ad contrarias partes centri A,<br />
& proptcrea Signum ejus mutandum e&t & fcribendum -lz pro<br />
+ LA Quo pa&o prodiret Medii de&as ut -t. Negativam<br />
autem denfitatem, hoc efi, qw motus corporum accelerat> Na,<br />
tura non admittit: & propterea naturaliter fieri non pot&:, 11,<br />
corpus afiendendo a T defcribat Circuli quadrantem TE Ad<br />
hunt eEe&m deberet corpus a Medio impellente accelerari, non<br />
a refiitente impediri*<br />
’ Exe~$. 2. Sit linea T Y;H@ Parabola, axem habens AX; horkzonti<br />
‘P R perpendicularem, & requiratur Medii de&as qw<br />
faciat ut ProjieLZile in ipfa moveatur.<br />
Ex natm Parabola , re&anguIum T 23 2 zquafe eR re&ngulo,<br />
iiab ordinac;t 52 I.. (5s re@a aligua data: hoc eRs .fi dicantur<br />
se&a.
endus cffet hujus feriei kcundus terminus ‘9 o pro Q, ter-<br />
- ~.___<br />
tius item terminus O; pro ROQ. CLm vero pIUres non fint ter-<br />
mini, debebit quarti coefficiens § evanekere, 8r propterea quan-<br />
S<br />
titas<br />
cui Medii denfitas pro,portionaIis e[t, nihil<br />
b+b-QQ<br />
erit. Nulia igitur Medii den&ate movebitur krojeaile in Parabola,<br />
uti ohm demonfiravit GaZiZaz~s, $E, I.<br />
.Exempl. 3. Sit linea AGK Hyperbola, Afymptoton hahens<br />
AIX plano horizontali AK perpendicularem j & quzratur Medii<br />
denfitas qua2 faciat ut soje&ile moveatur in hat linea.<br />
Sit ik!X Afymptotos nltera, ordinatim applicator: ZIG prod&&<br />
Occurrens in Y, & ex natura Hyperbola, re&angulum .XY in T/G<br />
dabitur. Datur autem ratio DN ad YX, k propterea datur etiam<br />
r&-angulum ZaNin VG. Sit illud 66 ; Sr complete parallelogrammo<br />
fDNX,2& dicatur BAT a9 BID 0, ..2V X 6) & ratio data P’Z adZX<br />
ye1 DA? ponatur effe F. Et erit iD AV aequalis a-o, VG xqdis:<br />
66<br />
-3 ,VZ zequalis Ea -o9 SE G.D feu NX-V.Z-F’G Z-<br />
a -0-<br />
w<br />
66<br />
efolvatur terminus - in ferjem<br />
ca-0<br />
z:qu.a-<br />
term&<br />
nus kcundus Fo -- - o ufufpandus efi pro Q, tertius cum figno<br />
aa<br />
bb 66<br />
mutato ;z?-02 Pro oz9 & quartus cum figno etiam mutato FeO3.<br />
--<br />
m bc, bb 66<br />
pro so3, eorumque coefficientes -- -, - &z tiribendae Punt<br />
iv aa a3<br />
o f;l&o prodit lmedii denfitas<br />
ut
%Z m 2mbb 6”<br />
---CW---~~<br />
hunt ipfarum X Z Sz 22’ quadrata.<br />
n n<br />
tia autem inFenitur in ratione ad gravirateln ~~,uam habet 3 XTad<br />
2 TG 8-z velocitas ea efi quacum corpus in Parabola pergeret verti-<br />
tern G, diametrum DG,& latw reQum xTPu” YG habente. Pona-<br />
tur itaque qnod Me&i de&ares in locis fingulis G fint reciproce<br />
ut difiantk XT, quodque refifientia in loco aliquo G fit ad gravitatem<br />
ut 3XTad iTG; & corpus de loco A, jufia cum velociefcribet<br />
Wyperbolam illam A G I
ollark:, prinlo, ii refifientia ponatur ut velocitatis V dignitas<br />
S<br />
libct V’ prohibit denfitas hledii ut ----+ x sv-l’<br />
q2 JHT I<br />
Et propterea fi Cwva inveniri potefi ea lege UE data fLIerit:<br />
CpEt-<br />
ratio<br />
ad I+QQI”-’ : corpus move-<br />
bit& in hat C&va in uniformi Medio cum refifientia quz fit ut<br />
velocitatis dignitas V ‘. Sed redeamus ad Curvas fimpliciores.<br />
Qoniam nlotr~s non fit in Parabola nifi in Medio non refiitente,<br />
in Hyperbolis vero hit defk-iptis fit per refiitentiam perpetuam;<br />
per@icuum elk quod Einea, quam projeBile in Medio uniformiter<br />
Aitente defcribir, propius accedit ad Hyperbolas hake quam ad<br />
Parabolam. Efi utique linea illa Hyperbolici generis, fed qux<br />
circa verticem magis difiat ab Nymptotis; in partibus a vercice<br />
remotioribus propius ad ipbs accedic quam pro ratione Y perbolarum<br />
quas hit defcripfi. Tanta vero non efi inter has & illam<br />
diflkrentia, quin illius loco pofinr h3e in rebus pra&icis non incommode<br />
adhiberi. Et utiliores forfan future fiint hz, quam<br />
Hyperbola magis accurata & fimul magis compofita, Ipfa: vero<br />
in ufurn ilc deducentur.<br />
Compleatur parallelogrammum XTG T, & re&a GT tanget<br />
Hyperbolam In G, ideoque denfitas Medii in G: efi reciproce ut:<br />
GTy<br />
tangens GT, & velocitas ibidem ut d,-<br />
GV’<br />
refifientia autem ad<br />
21212-j-272<br />
vim gravitatis ut G.57 ad<br />
723-z GK<br />
Proinde iii corpus de loco A’kcundum reQam AH proje&um<br />
dekribat yyperbolam AGK, 8c AH prod&a occurrat .taijrmytoto<br />
MX !n II, acaque A..I eidem parallela occurrat alteri Aiymp-<br />
.xoto &?X In I: errt Mediidenfitas in A reciproce ut A?$,‘& ear-<br />
goris velocitas ut +Js, ac refifkntia ibidem ad gravitatem ut
R‘ ATHEMA 24; .<br />
“Reg. I, Si fervetur tu’m Medii denfitas in A, turn veIocitas qua- LIBER<br />
dum corpus projicitur, & mutetur anguhs NAH; manebunt ion. SECVND WC.<br />
gitudines AH, AI, HX Ideoque ii longitudines ilk in aliquo<br />
ca.fu inveniantur, Hyperbola deinceps ex dato quovis angulo NAM<br />
expedite determinari potefi.<br />
Reg. i. Si firvetwr turn angulus A? AH, turn Medii denfitas<br />
in A, & mutetur velocitas quacum corpus projiciturj fkrvabitur<br />
Iongitudo AH, & mutabitur AI in duplicata ratione velocitatis<br />
reciproce.<br />
Reg. 3. Si tam angulus--2VtiH: quam corporis velocitas in A,<br />
gravitafque acceleratrix fervetur, & proportio reIXentia: ,in A ad<br />
grauitatem motricem augeatur in ratione quacunque : augebitur<br />
proportio AH ad AI in eadem ratione, manente Parabok late-<br />
re reQo, eique proportionali longitudine AW<br />
AI j 8~ propterea minzletur<br />
AH in eadem ratione, & AI minuetur in ratione illa duplicata.<br />
Augetur vero proportio refifientia ad pondus, ubi vel gravitas<br />
fpecifica fub azquali magnitudine fit minar, vel Medii de&<br />
tas major, vel refifientia, ex magnitudine diminuta, diminuitur in ’<br />
minore ratione quam pondus,<br />
Ii<br />
\ Regq
~apJTx fir ~~~~~~~ i,X$j<br />
.&%g, ‘8..Invemis longitudinibus i4.E& kTX; ii jam defideretur LIB PR<br />
pofitio fe&z d~H,,fice:ndufi~ quam ProjeEtike, data illa cum veloci- SE~‘UND vs.<br />
tate mifim, incidit in :p’un&wm quodvis K: ad pun&~ JTI’ & f<<br />
erigantur reQa AC, IC F horizonti.perpendiculares, -quarum .,zI c<br />
deorfim tendat, & aquetur ipfi AL L?u fHX. Afymptdris /Z K,<br />
I centroque A & intervallo &g.defcribatur Circulus fkans<br />
perbolam illam in pun&o 29 ;. $G ~ProjeMe ficundum re&arn A B<br />
emiffim incidet in pun&urn K. .J& E. I. Nam pun&urn r;H ob<br />
datam lon itudinem AN, locat-ur alicubi in Circulo defcripto. A-<br />
gatur C HP occurrens ipfis A.&I: & .K+F, ilh in E, huk in 3; & ob<br />
parallelas CH, MX & zquales AC, 341, erit R E azqualis AIM,<br />
sr: propterea etiam aequalis KN. Sed CE efi ad AE ut FH ad<br />
K L\r, 8-r propterea C E & FH aquantur. Incidit ergo pun&urn<br />
.Ef in Hyperbolam Afymptotis AK, KF defcriptam, cujus conjugatal,tra+t.per<br />
pun&urn &; atque adeo reperitur in communi in..<br />
terMti’oneHyperbolaz hujus & Circuli dekripti. &E;,B. Notandum<br />
efi autem quod haec operatio perinde k habet, five reQa<br />
A .K N horizonti arallela fit, five ad horizontern in angulo quovis<br />
inclinata : quo 9 que ex duabus interfe&ionibus k& H duo prodeunt<br />
anguli .ATA.E?” NAHj fi~od in Praxi mechanica fiifficit<br />
Cir-
f++ PHILOSOPHIC WA<br />
IJE hrO,T u Circulum femel dekribere, deinde regulam interminaram Cff ita:ap<br />
coup *I{ vhi plicare ad pun&urn C, UC ejus pars FH, Circulo’& re&z FK interje;<br />
&a, aqualis fit ejus parti CE inter pun&urn C & re&am JlK fit%,<br />
Qux de Hyperbolis di&a funt fa- I<br />
tile applicantur ad Parabolas. Nam ^_<br />
fi X&GE Parabolam defignet quam<br />
re&a XFtangat in vertice X, fintque<br />
ordinatim applicatx JA, YG ut qux&<br />
Jibet abfciciffarum XI, XT dignitates<br />
Xl”,XY”j aganrur X’Z GT, AH,<br />
quarum XTparallela fit YG, Sr GT,<br />
A W Parabolam tangant in G &A: St<br />
corpus de loco quovis A, fecundurn<br />
rettam AN produQam, jufia cum R<br />
velocitate projeRum, defcribet hanc<br />
Parabolam, fi modo den&as Medii,<br />
in Iocis fingulis G, fit reciproce ut<br />
tangens G T. Velocitas autem in G ea erit quacum ProjcQile per..<br />
geret, in fpatio non refifiente, in Parabola Conica vertic;mGG+ dia-<br />
.<br />
metrum YG deorfim produktm, & latus reQum<br />
i%=i& YG<br />
habente. Et refiitentia in G erit ad ,vim gravitatis ut G T ad<br />
3” - 3 ’ YG. Unde TX NAK lineam horizontalem defignet, &<br />
12-2<br />
manente turn de&ate Medii in A’, tdm velocitate quacum corpus<br />
projicitur,. mutetur urcunque adguius AL&H; manebunt ldngitudines<br />
AH, AI, HX, St inde dater Parabolk vertex X, & pofitio<br />
re&az XI, & fumendo YG ad IA ut XV’ ad Xj’, dantur omnia<br />
Parabok. pun&a.G, per qua= Proje&ile tranfibit, .<br />
: s .,<br />
: ,^<br />
1. -,<br />
.,<br />
‘: .. ‘. ” ><br />
“$’ .- . :’ ‘.’ ‘,,, ~, ,, ’ I’ (.” i<br />
. i. ,.<br />
.’<br />
I. .‘:<br />
’<br />
SECTI’<br />
, . . ^. _:<br />
. . .’ .,,‘_, ,,
PHQ”POSi~IQ XI. THEOREMA WI.<br />
Si Corpori reJ/%tur partim in ratione rvelocitatts J partim in VGP<br />
locitatis ratione duphcata, &Y idenz lola vi ir$ta in Media Ji-:<br />
milari mocuetur, J.hantur autem tempora in progre$one Arithmetica<br />
: quantitates velocitatibus rehroce propbrtionales, dat&<br />
guadum &an&ate a&e, erunt<br />
Centro C, AcymptotiS ,rclkangulis<br />
CA2)d & CEZ, defcribatur<br />
Hyperbola B EeS, ck Aijrmptoto<br />
CH parallels iinr AB, I> E,<br />
de. In Afymptoto C 53 dentur<br />
pun&a A, G: Et G tempus exponatur<br />
per aream Hyperbol+am<br />
AB E 59 uniformiter crefcentem ;<br />
dice quad velocitas exponi gotefi<br />
per longiiudinem ‘D F, cujus reciproca<br />
G I) una cum data - CG co‘mhonat<br />
longitudinem C”D in progreflione, Geometrica crefcentem.<br />
Sit enim areola D E ed datum temporis incrementum qflam<br />
minimum, & erit ‘Dd reciproce ut fD E, adeoqye dire&e ut<br />
.’<br />
C2). Ipfius autem & decrementurn, quod (per liujus Lem,w]<br />
eit ‘Dd . CD guCGtG-],.id &., ut I;. CG‘.:<br />
G’L)q,erlt ut GcDq<br />
G ‘” gp-jy’<br />
02<br />
Qitur temporedl3 E D per additionemdatarum particularum E,D de3<br />
-<br />
uniformiter crefcente, decrefiit -!--in ‘eadem ratio@ cum veloci;<br />
62) I_... “..:, . > ,..’ -i<br />
tare, Nam decremer-+um velocitatis efi’ut refiftekia, hoc @-(per:<br />
Hypothefin) UT fimma ,.du?rum qu+ntiFatum, .quarurn*. uea e:ei:t<br />
‘\ 1
decrementurn eif ipfius GD, erit reciproae’ UC &ZI, adeoque. &-<br />
r.lLroen<br />
reBe ut C”D, hoc aft, ut fumma ejpfdem.GfD &. longitudinis datz SL~~~D~J~*<br />
c’ G. Sed velocitacis decrementum, rempore fibi reciproce pro&<br />
portionah, quo data fpatii particul;-2 ‘DdeE d&rrbit,urj & ut reh<br />
fiitcntia 8r tempus conjun&im, id e@, dire& ut fknma duarum<br />
quantitatum, quarum una efi ut velocitas, a,ltcra ut vel~citatjs qua*<br />
dratum, & inverfe LIC velocitas; adeoque dire&e ut iiimma duatum<br />
quantitatum, quarum una dacur, altera efi ut velocitas. Zgitur decrementum<br />
tam velocitatis quam linez GfD, efi ut quarltitas, data<br />
& quantitas decrefcens conjunQim, &z propcer anaIb&a decrenlenra,<br />
analogzz femper erunt quantitates decrekentes: nimirum velociras<br />
& linea G’D. & E. D.<br />
C’orol. I. Igitur ii velocitas exponatul?per.lol)gitudinemlGI), $atium<br />
deh-iptum wit UC area Hyperbolisa D&‘&F,<br />
Cuy& 2,. Et. fi, utcunqueaffumatur pun&umk A, invenietur pun-.<br />
Qum G0 capiendo.G 62 ad G II, ut elt’ velocitas fub initio ad veL<br />
l+itarem pofi fpacium: quodvis X SE B defcriptum. Invent0 autern,<br />
puntio G;19 datur fpatium;cx data- velocit-ate, & contra.<br />
Cor~ll; 3 Uhd~:cum, per Prop: x13 dctur.,velocitas ex dato ternpore,,<br />
Q- per hanc Bropofitionam det.ur @atium ex data velocitatc i j<br />
dabitur fpatium ex dato ternpore: & conera,<br />
PROPOS1TIO XIII. THEOR.E.MA X.<br />
CL& I. Fonamus primo quod GOI’~LIS afiendie, centroque 2) &<br />
fimidiametro quovis “D B defcribarur Circuli quadrans BE TF, &<br />
per kmidiamctri ‘53 B terminum 23 agatur infinita BAT’, kmidiarnetro,YI<br />
F parallela, In ea detur pun&urn&, 6~ capiatur kegmen.=<br />
tum.~Y? velocitati proportionale. Et cum refifientia: pars aliqua fi.s<br />
ut
i48<br />
Th MOTU ut velocitas 82 pars altera ut<br />
“C)Rp * n *” velocitatis quadratum, fit refifientia<br />
rota in T ueAT pad<br />
+2 BAT. Jiingantur 23 A,<br />
59 2” Circulum fecantes in .E<br />
ac T3 & exponatur gravitas per<br />
I) A qwd,ita ut fit gravitas ad<br />
refil?entiam in T ut ZlAq ad<br />
ATq +zBAT: & tempus<br />
afi2enfis omnis futuri erit ut<br />
Circuli k&or ED TE.<br />
Agatur .enim 23 Vg, ab-<br />
cpwd.<br />
Proinde area 23 T ,.$$ ipfi T $ proportionalis, ec ut 2) Tqzr~d;<br />
& area I) TK (quz eft.ad aream ‘D T ut DTg ad DTq)<br />
ef\ ut.datum 59 2-q. Decrefiit ,igitur area E % T aniformirer ad madum<br />
temporis futuri, per fibdu&ionem datarum particularumD Tr,<br />
st propcerea tempori afienfus fitturi progortionalis efh, ,$2&E, B..<br />
Cujt 2. Si veloci-<br />
:ras in aCcenfh corporia<br />
exponatur per<br />
Iongitudinem AT<br />
UC prius, 4% reMen-<br />
-tia ‘ponatur effe ut<br />
ATq+-dA5?, &<br />
ii vis gravitatis mi- B<br />
nor fit -quam qw per<br />
‘53 Ag cxponi pof--<br />
St j capiatur I3 9 e-<br />
~LIS longitudinis3 ut<br />
fit A B,,q - BI) q<br />
gravitati proportloride,<br />
fitquc 9 Fip%<br />
m B perpendicularis<br />
1<br />
or xqualis, & per vyticem 8’ ckfkribatur RIP<br />
ycrbola FTYE cujus femidiametri conJu&atz fint 2) B. & 2, fi<br />
.quzque kcet D L! in E, St 23-T, FZ3-R in T & F; & cnt tern us’<br />
.arcenfus futuri ut H7ypcr-bolg Ikeor TYMJo ‘- Np am
P R I: N G I P I A M A T Id E b:i A ‘E” I c, A. zq 3<br />
‘&Jam vclocitatis decrementurn TRY in data ternpork prticula ~ruit.~<br />
f&urn, eat ut fumma rcfidtentiz A ‘B 4 -+ 2 BA ‘P & grawratis SECuNUr.f’<br />
ABE -B2,q, id et?, ut BF’<br />
ad aream ‘D Y-‘g UI '13 Tq ad ad 2) F demirtatur<br />
perpendiculum GT9 UC<br />
mque GfE,g ad B”a)q &<br />
C&are cum area ‘59~P~fit ut 5?,$& id efi, UC B’Pq-&Ug;erit<br />
area Tl TY ut datum 53 Pq. Decrefcit igitur area ED 7’uniformiter<br />
hgulis temporis pnrticulis aqualibus, per f&bdu&ionem par-<br />
.ticularum totidem datarum 59 TV, & propterea tempori proportion&<br />
eB. sE.2).<br />
Ca/; 3, Sit A T’ velocitas in dekenfu corporis, EC A Ppq + 2 B&F<br />
refifientia, & B 2) 4 - A B 9 vis gravitatis, exifience angulo 3) 43 A<br />
x&to. Et ii centro 59, vertice<br />
principali .B, dekribatur Hyperbola<br />
re&angula B E TV<br />
kcans produ&as 1) A, 9 T &I<br />
‘fi!?Rin E, T& Vj wit Hyperbolz<br />
hu’us k&or YDET ut<br />
tempus de l cenks.<br />
Nam velocitatis incremhum<br />
T & eique proportionalis area<br />
23 YP 2, efi ut excefliis gravitatis<br />
Cupra refifienciam, id efi, LIP<br />
BDq-ABq-a&W-ATq<br />
fiu BDq-BTg. Et area<br />
59 TV efi ad aream ‘BT &ut<br />
DTq ad ‘DTq3 adeoque ut<br />
GTg feu GDq-BTlq ad<br />
BTq ucque G”Wq ad BDq<br />
hk divifim ut BI)q ad BDg -<br />
fit ut BDq-B*Pq, erit area<br />
igitur area ED T uniformiter<br />
bus, per additionem totidem dat<br />
eerea tempori defcenfus propor<br />
C20roZ. Igitur velocitas AT eR ad velocitatem quam corpus tern--<br />
pore E 2) T, in fjpatio non refiflente, afcecendendo amittere veI de*<br />
tiendendo acquirere poffet, ut area trianguli DAT ad aream [em<br />
&or& ten tro 9, radio DA, angulo A 2l T defcripti 5 ideoque ex<br />
data eemporc datur. Nam velociri in Media non refifiente, tempori
q2ews pop&r, dim qmd @ntdm clfc~s~f? vel deJceuJti defcriptgm,<br />
~$7 fdt di$Svw&z me& per qhmz tempos exponitur, e$$ ared CUjfiJdam<br />
‘izTterz7d.f pie dugetw vel diiminuitur in progrefimze Am<br />
&hneticu;<br />
ji vire.r ex re/37entid & grazlilate compoJzt02 J&<br />
2ffar~tflv in pmpefione Geomtricu.<br />
.<br />
lCapiatur AC (in Fig. tribus ulcimis,) gravitati, &C.&Ii: refi-<br />
I”renti3e proportionalis. Capiantur autem ad eaiaem partes pun-<br />
&i A fi corpus defcendit, aliter ad contrarias. rigatur A6 qua<br />
fit ad DB ut DBq ad 4BAC: & area A6NK augebitur vek<br />
diminuetur in progrefflone Arithmetica, dum vires CK in progreGone<br />
Geometrica fiimunturr. Dice igitur quod dihntia carpork<br />
ab ejus altitudine maxima fit ut exceffus arez Ab .A?K filpra<br />
aream ‘23 E T.<br />
Nam cum AK fit ut refiitentia, id 4, ut n’P4 -f-~Bn73;~<br />
affimatur data quxvis quantitas 2, & ponatur -,4 I< zqualis.<br />
ATq-+-z&AT<br />
z.<br />
; 8~ (per hujus Lemma II.) wit ipfius AK mow<br />
arex ~$b NK momentum K L 0 ..iV aquale.<br />
2J3~cpx~O few<br />
z.<br />
BT@BDcd.<br />
zzxc•~xA•3<br />
•<br />
CaJ I. Jam G corpus ai’cendit, fitque gravitas tat li;‘Bq +BDg;<br />
exifienre BE T’ Circwlol, (in Fig. Cai: I, Prop. xxlr.) linea A C;<br />
quaz gravitat.i proportionalis eff, erit JfBg+Bq - .z--- , & 2, Tg feu.<br />
ATq+aBAF’+A.Bq+BDq<br />
eritA.XX,Z+ACxZi‘eu:<br />
CK x 2 ; ideoque area D 1 Y erit ad aream D S;P,gut D Zq vel<br />
tDBg ad CICxZ.
PIUNCIhd MA?3%3&4?XSl. 25 I<br />
Ckf. 2. Sin corpus akendit, SC gravitas fit ut A&q--B‘Dq ~~~~~<br />
liinea AC ( Fig. CaC 2. Prop. xIxr ) erir ABq-/Dg,, & 2, Tq SECUPI’UUi-<br />
wit ad TI’Pq ut “n4;q feu DZ3q ad BPq-2323q fiu A*F’q +<br />
%BIL4~3~1~~plP-,‘~Y,ide~,adnJcxz-.}-nCxzreuC/~x%.<br />
Edcoque area D TYeriE ad aream 53 *f qut D Eq ad CKXZ.<br />
C&f. 3. EC eodem argumenso, fi corpus dckendir, (k propterea<br />
gr”Vlt”s ii t ut B 52 q - kBq, klinea AC (Fig, CaL3. Prop. prxced,)<br />
.pquetur Bm4-nBq -.<br />
z<br />
eric arca 53 TV ad aream ‘53 P gut I) Bq<br />
ad 6: K x ri: : kit fupra.<br />
Cum igitur are32 ill32 fimper ht in hat ratione; fi pro area<br />
2) T VP qua momentum temporis Gbimet ipfi femper xquale exponitur<br />
, kribatur determinatum quodvis re&ngulum, puta<br />
BDxm, erit area 2,T& id efi, tB’Dx’P$; ad BBxm ut<br />
~KxZadBD.<br />
Atque inde fit ‘P g x B D czh. zq uale<br />
2BDX?.?ZXCKX 2 , & arex Ab N K momentum XL, 0 N h-<br />
perius inventurn,<br />
fit BTxB”Dxm AB e Auferatur are2 BET mo-<br />
mentum 2, TV fiu B 2) x rn, 8~ refiabit<br />
Efi ipi-<br />
tur differentia momentorum, id ef?, momentum difkrentk area-<br />
ATXBDXM<br />
BDXH2<br />
rum, zqualis A-B- 5 & propterea (ob datum AB ><br />
ut velocitas AT, id eh ut momentum fpatii quod corpus afcendendo<br />
vei defcendendo dekribit. Ideoque dicerentia arearum<br />
S; Qatium illud, proportionalibus momentis crefcentia vel decrefcentia<br />
Sr iimul inciplentia vel fimul evanefcentia, funt: proportionalia.<br />
SE. 22.<br />
Co&. Hgitur ii longitude aliqua V fumatur in ea ratione ad duplum<br />
longicudinis Mb, qurr oritur applicando aream (m E Tad B 53,<br />
quarn habet linea CD A ad lineam D E j I-patium quod corpus afcenfu<br />
vel dekenh toto in Media refifiente defcribit ) erit ad fpahn<br />
quad in edio non refiitente eodem tempore defcribere poffet,<br />
ut arearum illarum differencia ad BDXV”<br />
$ ideoque ex dato tem-<br />
pore datnr. Nam Qatium in cdio non refi fiente elt in duplica$a<br />
ratione temporis, five Ill & ob data% B & A&<br />
B
BDXV”<br />
,Equdis igitur eft area quam minima - differentiz quam<br />
4AB<br />
minimz arearum TI ET & Ab NK. Unde cum fpatia in Medie<br />
utroque, in principio defcenfh vel fine afcenfus fimul deficripta<br />
accedunt ad zqualitatem , adeoque tune funt ad invicem ut area,<br />
BTDXV’ & arearum 22 ET & AbNICdifFerentia; ob eorum ana-<br />
4AB<br />
Ioga incrementa necefi efi ut in ayualibus quibukunque tempo-<br />
ribus fine ad invicem ut area illa BDxV’ & arearum 53ET &,<br />
*,, A-.<br />
4AB<br />
A b AC&C diEerenria. S&E., a>.
ClHA MATHEMATICA. 253<br />
LIRER<br />
SECIJNDUS.<br />
L E M R/f A<br />
III.<br />
$t I? QR r Spiralis qu& j2ce.t radios omnes S I?, S Q, S IX, &c.<br />
in qualibus m&is. Agatw reBa P ‘I’ HUB tangat eandem in<<br />
punffo quocvis P, Jec*etque radium S Cp, in II: ; & ad Spiralem<br />
ereffis perpendiculis I? 0, Q 0 concurrentibus in 0, jungatur<br />
S 0. Dice qzaod Ji pm8a P & cawedant ad invicem & coednt,<br />
arzgulus~ PS 0 ervadet reEus, & ultima ratio re@anguli,<br />
‘I’ QX LPS ad P Qquad. erit rutio quahtatis.<br />
Etenim de angulis re&is 0 T 2, O&Z-? hbducantur anguli<br />
azquales 5 ‘I’& SRIz, Sr manebunt anguli lrquales 0 T S, 0 RSO<br />
Ergo Circulus qui tranfit<br />
per pun&a 0, S3 T tranfibit<br />
eriam per pun&urn 2:<br />
Coeant pun&a T & L&<br />
& hit Circulus in loco co- p<br />
itus 5? gtanget Spiralem,<br />
adeoque perpendiculariter<br />
fixabit: reQam 8 T. Fie.t V<br />
igitur 0 T diameter Circuli<br />
hujus, 8z angulus<br />
0 ST in kmicirculo re.-<br />
I &us, J&E. 9..<br />
Ad 0 T demittantur perpendicula RD, SE, .st linearum rationes.<br />
ultimze erunt hujufmodi : r.$ad T 13 ut 576’ vel TS. ad, ~,!3,<br />
ku zT O.ad 2,T.S. Iterm T 59 ad TR ut T xad 25? 0. Et elk;.<br />
3equo perturbate IRad T & wt T 2 ad zT S. Unde fii3 2S;<br />
aqyale fz”g~ zT& 2& E. ‘II.<br />
pZg.Clp@2.
DE Moru<br />
ConPonu.+l<br />
Poilantur qux in fuperiore Lemmare,~& producatur S&ad Y,<br />
it iit SYxqwIis ST>, Tempore quovis, in Media refifiellte, de-<br />
Cribat cot-pus arcum quart minimum ‘P,G$ ck rempore duplo arcum<br />
~lu;lm minimum Y R j Sr decrementa hurum arcuum ex refifientii<br />
oriunda, five defe-<br />
&us ab arcubus qui in Medio<br />
non refiltenre iii&m<br />
tenlporibus dcfcriberentur,<br />
erunt ad iavicem ut<br />
quadrata temporum in P<br />
quibus generantur : EfB<br />
itaque decremcntum arcus<br />
T g pars quarta decre- -v<br />
mcnti arcus F’ K. Unde<br />
etiam, fi are22 ‘FS 2 a-<br />
qualis capiacur area $&J?r,<br />
erit decrementurn arcus<br />
“T $Z?+ zquale dimidio lineola R P ; adeoque vis refifientiz & vis tentripeta<br />
hnt ad invicem ut line& $ R I & TRquas fimul generant.<br />
Qloniam Gs centripeta, qua corpus urgetur in F, efi reciproce nt:<br />
J’fiDq, EC (per Lem. X* Lib. I,) lineola T&& qua: vi iIIa generatur; ~8<br />
in ratione compofira ex ratione hujus vis & ratione duplicaea tern--<br />
poris quo arcus fp S?+ deli-ribitur, (Nam refifientiam in hoc c&,<br />
!.It infinite minorem qufm vis centripeta, negiigo) erit TRx.Jpq<br />
Id efi (‘per: Lemma oovlffhum) $rPa >(S*P, in ratione d+licata<br />
tempo& adeoque ternpus eti ut ~2 x +LP.P~; k corporis veloci-<br />
tas, qua arcus a> &illo tempore defcribitur, UC 2;‘2<br />
Tg?buT<br />
SV&, hoc efi, in iilbduplicata ratione i@ius SP recipkce. Et ii-<br />
pylili argumetlto 2 velocitas qua arcus g&h! d&‘cribitur3 efi in fuCub=<br />
duplicata<br />
i-ix
PRIPdCIPIA MATHEMATICA. 2’5.5<br />
duplicata ratione iplius S&rcciproce. Sunt autem arcus illi fpg LIBER<br />
& 2-R ut velocitates dekriptrices ad invicem, id tit, in fubdup]i.. secu~nu~*<br />
cata ratione S,GLad ST, five ut Sqad JST xS$& &C ob xc~ua-<br />
]es angulos ST L& S g r & trquales areas T J ,$$ $-&Sr, efi arcus<br />
T gad arcu!-Rr ut SQd ST. Sumantur proportionaliunl<br />
conkquentium dlflerentiaz, & f~er nrcus T,!q ad arcum ,527 ut S2<br />
ad ST -4STxS& reu $V&?& nam pun&is ‘P lk &coeuJ~cibus,<br />
ratio ultima S 23 - d S -2 x S 9\ ad t Yx fit aqualitatis.<br />
Quoniam decrementurn arcus I-‘& ex refifktltla oriundum9 five<br />
]lujus duplum Rr, efi ut refifie_ntia & quadratum remporis con-<br />
Kr<br />
jun&m; erit refificntia ut<br />
Erat autcm T gad R r,<br />
T&XJ’T’<br />
Rr<br />
:v.g<br />
ut Sgad $Y& & inde<br />
fit UtTRxJNT xJ.gfive<br />
fOS<br />
‘lt OT xSTq’<br />
coincidunt 3 8~<br />
‘Ygq x 3’*P<br />
Namque pun&is T & &oeuntibus, ST & Sg<br />
angulus T Yg fit retius; Gt ob fimilia triangula<br />
fit Tg ad f Vg ut ObT ad : OS. Efi igitur<br />
refifientia, id eftj in ratione denfitatis Medii in T<br />
& ratione duplicate velocitatis conjun&im. Auferatur duplicata<br />
ratio velocitatis,<br />
I-’ ut<br />
OS<br />
O~%ST’<br />
nempe ratio S .-.L.-<br />
CT, & manebic Medii deniitas in<br />
Detur Spiralis, Sr ob datam rationem OS ad<br />
OT 9 denfitas Medii in T erit ut &. In Media igitur cujus<br />
denfitas eft reciproce ut diftantia a ccntro ST, corpus gyrari potefi<br />
in hat Spirali. $-&E. I).<br />
Coral. I. VeIocitas. in loco quovis T ea femper efi quasum cord<br />
pus in Media non refiltente gyrari pot& in Circulo, ad eandem a<br />
centro difiantiam ST.<br />
OS<br />
Carol. z, Medii denfitas, ii datur difiantia ST, efi ut aT, fin<br />
OS<br />
difkantia illa non datur, ut O by x S,P. Et inde Spiralis ad quam-<br />
libel: Medii denfitatem<br />
aptari potek<br />
Cmd, 3. Vis refifientk in loco quovis T, ‘efi ad vim centripe-.<br />
tam
S( fp $)!, reu :O J” & 0 “P. Data iglkr Spirali datur prop,ortio re-<br />
Gtt-en& ad vim centripetam, & vfceverl;l ex data illa proportiork<br />
&cur Spinalis,<br />
CoroL 4. Corpus itaque gyrari nequit in hat Spirali, nifr ubi vis<br />
refiflentis minor ef+ quam dimidium vis centripetz Fiat refifientia<br />
~qualis dimidio vis centripetk & Spirahs conveniet cum linea<br />
re&a FS, inque hat reOa corpus defiendet ad centrum:, ea cum<br />
velocitate quz iit ad velocitatcm qua probavimus in iirperioribus<br />
in caiil Parabola (Theor. x, Lib, I,) defceniirm in Medio non refifiente<br />
fieri, in Tubduplicata ratione unitatis ad numerum binarium.<br />
Er ternpora defcenfils bit erunt reciproce ut velocitates, atque<br />
adeo dantur.<br />
Cowl. f. Et quoniam in ;xquaIibus a centro difiantiis velocitas<br />
eadem efi in Spirali ‘P&-R atque in re&a ST, & longitude Spiralis<br />
ad longicudineni re&i-le T S efi in data ratione, nempe in I’<br />
ratione. 0 TJ ad 0 S; tempus defienks in Spirali erit ad tempus<br />
de&n&s in reQa ST in eadem illa data ratione, proindeque<br />
datur.<br />
CovaA 6. Si centro S intervallis duobus quibufcunque datis dekribanrur<br />
duo Circuli j & manentibus hike Circulis, mutetur utcun=<br />
que angulus quem Spiral& continet cum radio T S: numerus revolutionum<br />
quas corpus intra Circulorum circumferentias, pergendo<br />
in Spirali a circumferentia ad circumferenriam, complere pore& eR<br />
utTS =, five ut Tangens anguli illius quem Spiralis continet cum<br />
OP<br />
radio T 5’; tempus vero revolutionurn earundem ut -3 id efi? UP<br />
OS<br />
Secans auguli ejuidem, vel etiam reciproce ut Medii denfitaa.<br />
Coral. 7, Si corpus9 in Medio cujus den&as efi reciproce ut die<br />
fiantia locorum a centro, revolutionem in Curva quacwque AE B<br />
circa centrum illud fecerit, & Radium primum AS in eodsm an.=<br />
gulo ‘fecuerit in 23 quo prius in A3 idque cum velocitate qua: fuerit<br />
ad velocitatem Guam primam in A reciproce in fubduplicata<br />
ratione diitantiarum a centro (id cfi, ut AS ad mediam proportionalem<br />
inter AS & B 5’) corpus illud pergec innum+<br />
ras confimiles kevolutiones 23 EC, &I GD &c. facere> & i+nterf&.<br />
&ionibus
&ionibus difiinguct Radiu<br />
9oncinue proportionales.<br />
S in par&s AS, B S, GS,<br />
evolucionum wro cempora<br />
perimctri Orbitarum A E B, BFC, CG’D, kc. dire& & vctocim<br />
tatcs in principiis /?‘,B, C, invcrk j id cR9 ut JZJ$, Sfi, CG. Atque<br />
ternpus roturn> quo corpus perveniet ad cc~~crum, crit ad tcmpus<br />
revolutionis prima, ut .(umma olnnitrm continue proportionalium<br />
AS+, J?L3& CS.; pergentium ia infinitum, ad tcrminurn primumASk;<br />
id cfi, ut terminus ilk prhusRS~ ad difkrcntinm duorum<br />
prirnortu~ A $k - BSk, five ut -Q’S ad .L?B quam proximc,<br />
Undc tcmpus illud totum expedite invcnitur.<br />
Cool. 8. Ex ‘his ‘ctiam prxtcr ropter colligcrc licet motw cord<br />
porum in Mcdiis, quorum den P ~tas aut uniformis efi, aut alliam<br />
quamcunqtxe $g3n &ignatam obfirvat, CIcntro Sj intervallis continuc<br />
proportwnalibus SA, $23, SC, kc. defcribc Circulos quoticunque,<br />
& fhtuc tcm us revolutionum intcf pcrimctros duorum<br />
qworumvis ex his Circu P is, in Mcdio dc quo c imus, cfk ad tcmpus<br />
tevolationwn inter coiilcm in Mcdio propo ? Ito> ut Mcdii propod<br />
Gti dcnfiras mediocris inter has Circulos ad Mcdii, dc quo cgimus,<br />
de~fitatcm mcdiacrcm htcr eofdcm quam proximc: Scd & ix1 cam<br />
I;rcm quoque rationc cfi Sccamcm anguli quo S iralis przfinita,<br />
an Media de quo cgimuss kcat radium ~7s~ ad 5) ‘ecantClpr gyg.Ji<br />
l-41 guoi
n F &IoTv quo Spiralis nova kcat radium eundem in Media propofitd : Atf;on.<br />
p 0 KU :L que etiam ut funt eorundem angulorum Tangentes ita effe numeros<br />
revolutionurn omnium inter Circulos eofdem duos quam proxime,<br />
Si hz:c fiant paflim inter Circuios binos, conrinuabitur motus per<br />
Circulos omnes. Atque hoc patio haud difficulter imaginari pofIimus<br />
quibus modis ac temporibus corpora in Nedio quocunque regulari<br />
gyrari debebunt.<br />
Curd. 9, EC quamvis mows excentrici in Spiralibus ad formam<br />
Ovalium nccedentibus peragantur ; ramen concipiendo Spiralium<br />
illarum fingulas revoluctones i&dem ab invicem intervallis difiare,<br />
iifdemque gradibus ad centrum acceder-e cum Spirali fuperius dekripta,<br />
intelligemus etiam quomodo motes corporum in hujufmodi<br />
Spiralibus pcragantur.<br />
Demonfiratur eadem methodo cum Propofitione fiuperiore.<br />
Narn fi vis centripeta in P fit reclproce .ut difkantizl: ST dignitas<br />
qwhbet S ‘P-4-~ cujus index efi YZ + 11 j colligetur ut fiipra,<br />
quad tempus quo corpus dekribit arcum quemvis P 2 erit ut<br />
!P RX ST?,<br />
Al=<br />
& relifientia in T ut<br />
Tg&GST~’<br />
I-p2XC.Q<br />
-‘i.nxos<br />
adeoque ut<br />
, hoc efi, ob datum I<br />
OTxJ’Tnct1<br />
O’P<br />
I, rekiproce<br />
ut ST ‘S-I. Et propcerea, cum velocitas fit recipioceut STQ”,<br />
denfitas in T erit reciproce u.t S-P.<br />
Cowl. I. Refiitentia eit ad vim centripetam, ut I -. t a ~0 I@<br />
ad CIT.<br />
Curol. P, Si vis centripeta fit reciproce ut STcz.4, erit I --$a==~;<br />
adeoque refrfientia & denfitas Medii nulla erit, ut in Proyofitione<br />
Plona Libri primi.<br />
Coro~. 3, Si vis centripeta fit reciproce ut dignicas aliqua radii<br />
STcujus index efi major numero s9 refiftentia affit’ma.tiva in negal<br />
tivam muta bitur.<br />
Scbls-
Caterurn h-Xc Propofi tio<br />
ter &da fpeflm 3 intelligen- lunt ae mow corporuln acico par-<br />
VOILIM, ut Me&i ex uno corporis latere m.~;or JciliitJs qu~anl cX altero<br />
no11 cdkhmh veniat. .Reiiikntiam QUORUM circccris p2rlbus<br />
denfitari proportionalem effe fuppono, U11dc 111 hl[cdiis qrJorulll<br />
vis refifkendi non efi ut denfitas, debet dcnfitas eo ufquc augeri vcl<br />
cdiminui, ut refifientk. vel tollatur ex~cKi~ vcl dcfefius filppleatur.<br />
Iwvenire & vim centripetmg & Me& reJJe&z~ yf!c~ ~O~~UJ<br />
in dcztca Spil’ali, dutu ruelocit&;r ~ege, revoh pote.~.<br />
Sit Spiralis illa T %I?. EX velocitnte qua corpus percurrit arcum<br />
quam minimum T g dabitur tempus, & ex altitudim T&<br />
qus efi ut vjs centripeta & quadrarum temporis, dnbicur vis. Delnde<br />
ex arearum, =qualibus temporum particulis confefiarum F’ ,J’,$<br />
& RSX, differentia RSr, dabitur corporis retardatio, & es retardatione<br />
invenietur refifientia ac denfitas hledii.<br />
,PROPOSITIO XVIII. PRO3LEMA V.<br />
ata Leg ~2s centripetd, invenire Medii de@tatem hz /o&Jhg&s,<br />
qua corps datam Spirdlem deJmiGet.<br />
ox vi centripeta invenienda eit velocitas in locis @@is, deinde<br />
ex velocitatis retardatione quazrenda h4edii denhas: ut in<br />
Propohione fuperiore.<br />
Methodum vero tra&andi haze Problemara aperui in huj+us Propoctione<br />
&&ma, & Lemmate &undo 5 6r Le&orem in hqulinpdi<br />
perplexis difquifieionibus diutius detinerc nolo. Addenda Jam<br />
funt aliqua de viribus corporum ad progredienduml dcque de@*<br />
rate & r&fientia Mediorum, in quibus motus ha&enus expofitl 86<br />
his affines peraguntur.
THEO~REMA XIV.<br />
Rhidi~ komogenei & irnmoti, quod in 5vaJe guocunque immoto C?UZ<strong>Up</strong>artes<br />
omnes ( fepoJta condtinomniurn<br />
centripetmtirn con/?de-<br />
CaJ I. In vak fplimies ABC claudatw & uniformiter conb<br />
primqtur fluidum undique: dice quod ejufdem pars nulla exdhs<br />
prefione movebitur. Nam fi pars aliqua D<br />
moveatur, neceffe efi, ut oinnes hujufmodi<br />
partes, ad eandem a centro diitantiati un- ’ YA.<br />
dique coniiitentes, fimil‘i motu fimul move;<br />
anCur; a.tque hoc adeo quia fimilis & a+<br />
qualis eit omnium prefio, & morus omnis,<br />
etxcluf~s,~pponit.ur, niG qui a preffione iL<br />
la oriatur. Atqui non poffimt omnes. ad<br />
centrum propius accedere, nifi Auidum adB<br />
centrum condenktur ; contra Hypothefin.<br />
%n. po&nt longius- ab eo recedere, nifi<br />
fluidum ad circumferentiam condenktur j<br />
etiam contra Hypothefin. Non poffunt firvata ilaa a centro difiantia<br />
moqeri in plagam quamcunque, quia pari ratione rnoveburb<br />
iw in plagam contrariam 5. In * plagas autem contrarias non potefi<br />
para
CWIA<br />
MAITHEMATI~A;.<br />
Lrs eadem, eodem temporc, moveri. Ergo fluidi pars w~lla de lo- L I I! E n<br />
,. Tuo movcbitur. & E. 53. s I:. c II h’ 1.l v F<br />
GUJ 2. Dice jam quad. tluidi hujus pnrtes omncs $Iwricx aquacr<br />
prctnuntur undigue : fit cnim E F pnrs $hrica Auidi, & ii.<br />
2~ undiquc non prcmirur xqualitcr , augcatur prcflio minor, uf--<br />
l:c dum ipfi undiquc premntur xqualitcrj & partcs cjus, per<br />
afilm primum, pcrmancbunt in locis his. Scd ante au&am prei:<br />
)mm pcrmanebunt in locis ibis, per Cafum culldum primum, &<br />
Lcjitionc prcflionis novx movebuntur dc locis his, per definitio-<br />
:1x Fluidi. Qux duo rcpugnanr. Ergo falro diccbnrur quad S~hr’J<br />
IT non undiquc prcmebatur xqualicer. $4 E, 9.<br />
c,$ 3, Dice prxtcrca quad divcrhrum pnrt~um Q~lwricarum x-<br />
ralis i;lt prcflio. Nnnz pnrtcs iphriccr: contigux ib muruo prcunt<br />
aqualitcr in punCto conra~us, per motes Lcgcm 111, Scd ‘&,<br />
:F Cafum i’ccundum, undiquc premuntur cadcm vi. Partcs igitur<br />
1~1: quxvis fphccricz non co~cigux, quia pars fphxrica intcrmcdia<br />
ngcrc potcfi utrnmquc, prcmcncur cndcm vi. & E. 59.<br />
c;CJ: 4. Dice jam quad fluicti pxtcs omncs ubiquc prcmuntur<br />
palitcr. Nam partcs dus quxvis tangi ~~OfIilnt n partibus Sphx-<br />
:.is in pun&is quibufcunquc, & ihi partcr ilhs Sphxric3s squalir<br />
prcmunt, per Cniilnl 3. Sr: viciilitn nb illis xqualitcr prcmulltur,<br />
:r Mows Lcgcm rcrcinm.
PIlOPCWTlO XX* THEOREM, XV.<br />
Sic D Hi11 fuperficies fundi, 8~ AE f<br />
:filperIicies fiiperior fluidi. Superficiebus<br />
i’phxricis illrlunleris B j?‘I(, CG L di[~inguatur<br />
fjuidum in O&es ConcenCricos x:-<br />
qualiter CraffOS j & concipe vim gravitaens<br />
agere folummodo in fiipMiciem fuperiorem<br />
Orbis cujufque, & zquales effe a-<br />
Qiones in zquales part-es ~uperficierum omnium.<br />
Premitmr ergo fuperficies fuprema<br />
J$E vi fimplici gravitatis proprix, qua &<br />
omr~es Orbis hpremi partes & luperficies<br />
*. .....*. .. .**<br />
Gxunda B FK (per Prop. XIX.) pro menfura fuua aqualiter premulltur.<br />
Premitur prasterea fuperficies kcunda BFK vi pro rie<br />
gravitatis, quz addita vi priori facit preaonem duplam. R ac<br />
prcilione, pro menfura fiua, & Super vi propriz gravitacis, id efi<br />
preflione cripla, urgetw fhperficies tertia CG L. Et fimiliter prep<br />
Gone quadrupla ursetur Ciperficies quarta, quintupla quinta, &<br />
fit deinceps. Prefllo igitur qua fiperficies unaquaque urgetur,<br />
nail efi ut quantitas iblida fluidi incumbentis, fed ut numerus Orbum<br />
ad ufque Chmitat&@ fluidi j & aquatur gravitati Orbis ‘in&<br />
mi mukiplkw per numerum Orbium: hoc eft, gravitati Iolidi cujus<br />
ukima ratio ad qylindrum przzfinitum, (G modo Qrbium &Igeatur<br />
qumerus 8~ minuacur craflitudo in infinitum; fit ut a&o<br />
gravitatls a filperfkk infha ad fupremam continua reddatur) fret<br />
mio z~ualitatis. &.db.t ergo fuperficies infima pondus cglin&i<br />
grzf-
Rl[Nc]rqA. MA n&g<br />
prafiniti. &E. D. Et fir& argument’atione patct Propofieio, LIBER<br />
ubi gravitas decrefcit in ratione quavis afignata difiantitr: a centro, SEC~~~‘V’*<br />
ut sh ubi Fluidum furfilm rarius efi, deorium denfius. .$&E,D.<br />
Curol. I. Igitur fundum non urgetur a totQ fluidi incumbentis<br />
pondere, kd earn folummodo ponderis parcem MEnet quaz ,in<br />
propofitione d e l cri b itur; pondere reliquo a fiuidi figura fornicata<br />
hitentato.<br />
Coral. 2. In zqualibus autem a centro difiantiiseadem f&per eE<br />
prefflonis quantltas, five fuperficies preiTA iit Horizoati parallela<br />
vel perpendicular& vel obliqua 5 five fluidmm, a ikpcrficie prcffa GKfurn<br />
continuAturn, firgat perpendiculariter recundLana.lil-rcam re&tm,<br />
vel firpit oblique per tortas cavitates & canales, eafque regulares<br />
vel maxirne irregulares, amplas vel angufiiflimas. Hi& circumfiantiis<br />
prefionem nil mutari colligitur, applicando demonfirationem<br />
Theoremaris hujus ad Cafius fingulos Fluidorun..<br />
Coral. 3. Eadem Demonfiratione coIligirur etiam (per Prop. XIX)<br />
quad Auidi gravis partes nullum, ex preflione ponderis kumbentis,<br />
acquirunt motum inter fe, fi modo excludatur motus qui ex<br />
condenlhcione oriatur.<br />
Cored. 4. Et propterea G aliud ejufdcm gravitatis f’ecificz corpus,<br />
quod fit condcnhtionis expers, fubmergatur in hoc ffuido, id<br />
c[=x prefione ponderis incumbentis nullum acquiret motum: non<br />
deficndet, non afcendet, non cogetur figuram fuam mutare. Si,<br />
fphzricum eit: manebit fpharicum, non obltante prefione; ii quadrarum<br />
cfi manebit quadraturn : idclue five molIe fir, five fluidi&<br />
mum j five fluid0 libere innatet, five fundo incumbat, Habet e-<br />
nim fluidi pars quazlibet interna rationem corporis fubmerfi, Sr par.<br />
efi ratio omnium ejufdem magnitudinis, figure & gravitatis fpecific3:<br />
fubmercorum corporum. Si c&pus fubmerfum fervaro pundere<br />
liquefceret & indueret formam fluidi; hoc, G prius afienderet<br />
vel delrcenderet vel ex preiiione figuram novam induerer, etiam<br />
~UI~C akenderet vel defcenderer vel figuram novam induere cogerecur<br />
: id adeo quia gravitas ejus catersque motuum cauk petmanent.<br />
Atqui, per Cai; $. Prop. x lx, jam quiekeret & figuram<br />
recineret. Ergo b% prius.<br />
Cwu2. T. Proillde corpus quad fpecifice gravius efi quam Fhidum<br />
fibi conriguum fubfidebit, Lk quod fpecifice levius eft aken:<br />
der, motumque & figurz mutationem confkquetur, quantum excefitis<br />
ilk vel defetius gravitatis eticere pofir. Namque exccfT’us<br />
$116: 97~1 &feLOcus racionem habet impulfus, quo corpus, alias in<br />
azg+li-
I,?, ~~~~~ aquilibrio cum fluidi partibus conltittitum, urgetur; k comparari<br />
C:O~L p 03 u ~1 pot& cum exccffu vel defe&u ponderis in lance akerutra ;librae.<br />
~WO,L 6. Corporum igitur in fluidis confiitutorum duplex& Gravitas<br />
: altera Vera & abfoluta, altera apparens> vulgaris 8z cornpa-’<br />
ra tiva, Gravitas abfoluta efi vis tota qua corpus deorfum tendit:<br />
yclativa 82 vulgaris eCt exceffus gravitatis quo corpus ,magis rendit<br />
deorfum quam Auidum ambiens. Prioris generis Gravitate par.tes<br />
fluidorum & corporum omnium gravitant in lock fuis : ideoque<br />
conjun&is ponder&us componunt pondus totius. Nam cotum<br />
on-me grave efi, ut in vafis liquorurn plenis experiri licet; & pondus<br />
totius aquale efi ponderibus omnium paruum, ideoque ex iifdem<br />
componirur. Alterius generis Gravitate corpora non gravirant<br />
in locis skis, id efi, inter fe coliata non pragravant3 ,fkd mutuos<br />
ad defcendendurn conatus impedientia permanent in Iocis<br />
5ik, perinde ac fi gravia non effent. QX in Aere funt & non<br />
przgravant, vulgus gravia non judicat. Qua: przgravant vulgus<br />
.gravia judicat, quatenus ab Peris pondere non fifiinentur. Pow<br />
dera vu1 i nihil aliud funt quam exceffus verorum ponderum fupra<br />
pon cf us Aeris. Un,de & vulgo dicuneur levia, quae tint: minus<br />
gravia, Aerique przgravanti cedendo fuperiora petunt. Comparative<br />
levia funt, non vere, quia defcendunt in vacua. Sic Q<br />
in Aqua, corpora, quz ob majorem vel minorem gravitatem defiendunt<br />
vel afcendunt, funt comparative & apparenter gravia vet<br />
levia, & eorum gravitas vcl lcvitas comparativa & apparens efi cxceffus<br />
vel deFe&kus quo vera eorum gravitas vel fiuperat gra’v;itatern<br />
aqua vel ab ea iilperatur. @y vero net prazgravando de-<br />
,fcendunt,, net prxgravanti cedendo afcendunt, etiamfi veris fuis<br />
ponderibus adaugeant pondus totius, comparative tamen & in fen..<br />
fu vulgi non gravitant in aqua, Nam fimilis efi horum Ca.fuum<br />
Demonfiratio.<br />
CoroX 7, C&z de gravitate demonfirantur, obtinent in aliis quibrifiunque<br />
viribus centripetis.<br />
Curol. 8, Proinde fi Medium, in quo corpus a.liqaod movetur9<br />
wgeatttr vel a gravitate propria, vel ab alia quacunque vi centripeta,<br />
& corpus ab eadem vi urgeatur fortius: tdifferentia virium<br />
XI% vis illa matrix, quam in pwcedentibus Propofitionibus use v,irn<br />
Gen tripetam confideravimus, Sin corpus a vi illa urgeatur levius,<br />
dif?‘erentia virium pro vi cenrrifuga haberi debet,<br />
Cord 3. Cum autem fluida premendo corpora inclufa ;non<br />
:muwlt eortum Figuras externas, paw infuper, per Co~ollarium<br />
Prop.
ap. x1x9 quod non mutabunt fiturn partium intcrnarum inter Lrnrrc<br />
I’k: proindeque, fi Animalia immergantur, & fknfatio omnis a mo- Seca”3”3<br />
tu partium oriatur j net kdent corpora immerfa, net ienktionem<br />
ullam excitabunt, nifi quarenus hzc corpora a compreflionc<br />
conden&ri poirunt. Et par efi ratio cujufcunque corporum Syitematis<br />
fluido comprimente circundati. SyItematis partes omnes<br />
iifdem agitabuntur motibus, ac G in vacua confiituerentur, ac folam<br />
retinerent gravitatem fuam corn arativatu, nifi quarenus fluidum<br />
vel motibus carum nonnihil re P lfiat, vel ad eafdem comprefione<br />
conglutinandas requiratur.<br />
PROPOSITI.0 XXI, THEOREMA XVI.<br />
Sit Fluidi cujuJdam den/b comprefmi proportiomaih, &Y pnrtco<br />
‘us a cvi centripeta dz$hntiis J&S a mm reciproce proportion&<br />
deorfkn trahantur : dice quad, /i d$!antiLo jIh jknaatw<br />
continue proportiona!es, denjttates Fbidi irt iifdem diJ?mtiis e-<br />
runt etiam continue proportionales.<br />
Defignet ATY fundum Sphazricum cui fluidum incumbit, S<br />
centrum, SA’, SB, SC, SD, SE, kc. difiantias continue proportionales.<br />
Erigantur perpendicula AH, B I’, C K, D L, E Al, &c,<br />
quz Gnt ut denfitates Medii in locis A, B, C, D, E; or: fpecificz<br />
AHBI CK<br />
gravitates in i&km Iocis erunt ut m3’ mJ;” C’J” kc. vel, quad<br />
AHBr-CK<br />
perinde efi, ut m =, m&c. Finge pri-<br />
xnurn has gravitates uniformiter continuari ab<br />
.A ad B, a B ad C, a C ad D, &c. fa&is per<br />
gradus decrementis in pun&is B,C, I), kc. Et<br />
hlz: gravitates d&E in altitudines ~423, BC,<br />
CD, kc. conkicient prefliones .4I5,Sl, CK,<br />
quibus fundum AI’Y (juxta Theorema xv.)<br />
urge tur. Sufiinet ergo particula A prefiones<br />
omnes A HP B I, GK, 2) L, pcrgendo in<br />
* infinitum, & particula I3 prefiones _ - omnes<br />
przter primam A flj 6% particula C omnes<br />
przter duas primas AI2, BI; & fit delnceps: adeoque part&<br />
euk primer: A de&as AN eft ad partlculte kcunda B den&<br />
Mm<br />
ratella<br />
R<br />
I
z:GcT PHl[@OSOPH1rlE NA RALIS<br />
DE kwTUtatem 231 ut fumma omnium AN-+Bil$CK-/-CDL in itifini-<br />
Convonu~ turn, ad iirmmam omnium B I + CK +D L, Szc, Et B1’ denfitas<br />
fecund= B, eR ad CK denfitatem tertia: C, ut fumtna ohnium<br />
B.Z+C.K+‘DL, kc. ad fummam omnium CK+TDL, &c.<br />
Sunt igitur Cummz ills diff’erentiis his AH, BI, Cd
I \
268 HIE NA RAEYS<br />
IJ~ Moru Centro S, Afymptotis SAP sx, ~efiribatur . Hyperbola qux,<br />
CfDIlPOllV~ vis, qux fccer perpendicula AH, B 1, C X, kc. m u,6,c, kc. uf ‘k<br />
pcrpendicula ad Afympcoton 8 X demiffa H t, Iti, l< w in 1”J, i, kp<br />
& &nGtatum<br />
diferentia t 14, @‘14/J Src. erunt ut Akl JA, n, Baz &c. Et,<br />
BJxui<br />
-J-~,&~.<br />
id efi, ut Ala, B b, &cl Eik enim, ex natura Hyperb&,,<br />
8 A ad AH vel St, ut t h ad A a, adeoque AHxrl? 3 d xquale A~,.<br />
BJTXZli’<br />
Et fimili argument0 ef? -J-B- aspale Bbj kc.. Sunt-aut em Jh<br />
B d, Cc, &c. continue proportionales, & propferea differentiis k-<br />
is Aa - 6’& Bb - Cc, kc. proportionales; ideoque ditierentiis<br />
hike proportion&a funt refiangula tp, zc~,&c. ut & iummis differcntiarum<br />
Aa - Cc vel Aa - 1) Q fiimmxz reLtangulorum tp + 214.<br />
vel tp + 1 4 + w t. Sunto ejufinodi. tecmini quam plurimi, SC Turnma<br />
omniumg difkrentiar~m, puta Ad - Ff, crit fitmmlr: omnium<br />
rc&angulorum ) puta 2 t b n, proportion&s. nugeatur qumerus.<br />
terminorum Sr minuantur difiantix punQorum A, B, C, &c, in inniturn,<br />
& reQangula illa avadent zequalia arex Hyperbolica: xtbbn,<br />
adeoque huic areas proportionalis efi differentia Aa - r;$. Swman-<br />
.4W
‘1)wNCIPIA MATHEMATIcA.' lx691 *<br />
~.;ii, Jim dikmtk qulrlibet, puta SA, SD, SE in progrrOioceMu- tysea<br />
&I; & d~fferentiz Aa -Dk!, Dd-Fferunt 3zquales; & propter- S2cc~‘D1~r<br />
ea dliTcrentiis hike proportionales arex tblx, xlnz xquales erunc<br />
inrer 12, & denfirares St, Sx, Sx, id efi, Ali, BI;,. FAT, contl-,<br />
nue propf.;rrlonales. &T&E. 53.<br />
CO&. H~nc G dentur Fluidi denf.itates dua quxvis, pwtaiAH<br />
& C,K, dabxur area t h k w harum diFferen& tnw refpondens; &<br />
inde invenictur deniitas PN in alritudme quxunque W, fimendo<br />
arearn t h nx ad aream illam datam Z h k w ut efi, differenti<br />
Aa - fif ad dift‘erentiani Apz - Cc,<br />
Simili argumentatione probari potefi; quod ii gravitas particu-,<br />
larum Fluid’i diminuatur in triplicata ratione diltanriarum a centroq<br />
& quadrarorum diltantiarum SA, SB, SC, kc. reciproca . (nem- .<br />
,f Acxb. S,Acub. S’A cub.<br />
pe -SA4, --7---- 3. umantur in progrefione Arithme*<br />
J.Bq acy If<br />
tica j de&tares k H, B .I,7,CI
2qo py”J:f~~~s:,oPEIIx SIP, u +<br />
tione diftantia. Fingatur quad V~S comprimens fit ifi duplicara ~<br />
~Q~I~~R~hI rat-one denfitatis, & gravitas reciqroce ,in ratio?e duplicata d&m.,<br />
tiz, & denfitas erit reciproce ut d$antla. Gaius omnes percurrere<br />
longum eat*<br />
‘pgmxXTI0 XXIII. THEOREMA xw1[1,<br />
si F&di eg p&ds<br />
se mutu~ fu$entibus<br />
CO~PO& den&a+<br />
fdtcompre~o, vires centrifugs p~rtic~l~r~m Jtant reciproce proportion&s<br />
dijantiis centrorw J~or~m- Et vice rue~Ju, pdra-<br />
ticuld air&us gua Junt reciproce proportiowales dzpantiis cm.<br />
,troruwz J~~~LuB Je ~,Gttio fugientes componunt l?hidm HdJ3a’-<br />
cum, cv’us der$ta eB compre@oni proportiomlis.<br />
]nclu& intelligatur Fluidum in fpatio cubic0 ACE, d$n corn..<br />
yrefiorle redigi in fpatium cubicum minus n Ce j & partIcularurn,<br />
.fimilem fitum inter ce in utroque<br />
Cpatio obcinentium, difian-<br />
.tk erunt ut cuborum latera<br />
AL?, ab; & Medii.denGtates<br />
reciproce ut fjjatia continentia ... . . . ..... .<br />
A Bczh. 6-z db cub. In latere<br />
cubi mnjoris ABCD capiatur<br />
quadratum 2, ‘P aquale Iateri<br />
cubi minoris db; & ex Hypo-<br />
Aeli, prefflo qua quadrarum 93 T urger Fluidum inclufilm, erit ad<br />
,pretI’ionem qua latus illud quadratum db urget Fluidum inclufum<br />
ut Medii denfitates ad invicem, hoc efi, ut a6 CL&. ad ABcub. Sed<br />
preflio qua quadratum 40 B m-get Fluidum inclufum, efi ad prefionem<br />
qua qundratum 53 T urget idem Fluidum, ut quadratum I> B<br />
.ad quadrarum 59 T, hoc efi, ut AB qwd, ad n b qtiud. Ergo, ex<br />
;Rquo, prefio qua latus “D B urget Fluidum, eiZ ad preflionem qua<br />
latus db urgct Fluidurn, ut ab ad AB. Planis FGIY, fgh, per<br />
tmedia c.uborum duQis, difiinguatur Fluidurn in duas partes, & hz<br />
fe muruo prement iifdem viribus, quibus premuntur a plank AC, a~,<br />
hoc efi, in proportione ab ad AB: adeoque vires centk,ifugx, quibus<br />
hz prefiones fufiinentuf, func in eadem ratione, Ob eundem<br />
.particularum numerum fimilemque fiturn in utroquc cube, vires<br />
+q,uas particallz omnes kcundum ,plana ,&‘G H, fg k e.xercent in om-
PAGE 272 MISSING
274 PHILBSBPHI& N.A.<br />
DE nr o T 0 tur eadem per datam arcus Cycloidis parcem CO, Sr fumatur ar-<br />
CORI~ORUX cus 0 d in racione ad arcum C‘D quam habet arcus 0~3 ad arcum<br />
CB : 6: vis qua COYPUS indurgetur in kfedio refifiente, cum fit ex+cefi~<br />
V~S cd fupra refifientiam CO9 exponetur per arcum Od, adeoque<br />
erit ad vim qua corpus 2) urgecur in Mcdio non refifiente,<br />
in loco ‘22, UC arcus 0 Q ad arcum CD ; & propuxxtta etiam in loco<br />
B ut arcus 0 B ad nrcum CB. Proinde fi corpora duo, ‘?I, Q<br />
exeant de loco ~3, & his vjribus urgeancur: cum vires. Cub initio<br />
iillt ut arcus CB 6: OB, erunt velocicates primz & arcus prima<br />
defcripti in eadem ratione. Sunro arcus illi B “23& Bd, & arcus<br />
reliqni CbD, On mm in eadem ratione. Froinde vires, ipfis<br />
CD, Od proportionales,tlyancbunt in eadem racione ac 1ib inicio,<br />
6~ propcerea corpora pergent arcus in eadem racione<br />
bcrc. Igitur vircs &<br />
fimul defcri-<br />
,veIocita tcs EC arcus rchqui<br />
C*D, Od remper<br />
cruntutarcustoti LB,<br />
OB, & propcerea arcus<br />
illi reliqui iimul z<br />
dekribentur. Qare<br />
corpora duo FD, d iimu1<br />
pervenient ad loca<br />
C 2-c 0, alterurn quidem<br />
in Mcdio non refiifente<br />
ad locum C, &<br />
a]terum in M&i0 refi fiiente ad locum 0. CU~I autem vdocitates ifi<br />
c & 0 fillt ut arcus CB, OBj erunt arcus quos corpora ukerius<br />
pergendo fimul defcribunt, in eadem ratione. Sunto illi CF &<br />
0 6. Vis qua corpus D in Medio non refik.nte retardatur In E<br />
efi ut CE, & vis qua corpus n in Medio refiReate retardatur in B:<br />
en UC funyma vis ce g refifientiz CO, id eft ut Oej ideoque viyes,<br />
quibrrs corpora retardantur, fimt ut arcubus (CI’E, 0~ proportionales<br />
arcus CB, OBj proindeque velocitates, in data illa ratio-<br />
31e retardatx, manent in eadem illa data racione. VeIocitates igitur<br />
& arcus iifdem defcripci femper func ad invicem in data illa ratione<br />
arcL1um CB & OB; & propterea ii cimantur arcus toti A&<br />
aB in eadem ratione, corpora ‘22, d fimul defcribent hos arcus:, 8~.<br />
in locis A & a rnotum omnem fimul amittent. liCochro.na~ runt:<br />
igitur ofiillationes tot%, & arcubus totis BA, BCJ proportionales:<br />
funt arcuum partcs quslibet. 1322, I3 ca’ ~1 B 23, B 6 CLUE fhd de,--<br />
4:ribL~ncur. ,g+. 5%<br />
_<br />
coraE”L
~tirporum F~~epe~dulor~~~, gtiibus reJ$+lp<br />
aJci&m&ze~ in ~+doide fint IJachyond.<br />
in rdtiogt vefaci”Edttfan,<br />
Nam ii corpora duo, a centris fufpenfionum zqualiter diltantia,<br />
sjfcillando dekribant arcus inxquales, & velocitates in arcuum parhbus<br />
correfjpondentibus finr ad invicem ut arcus tori: refifientix<br />
. velocitatibus proportionales, erunt etkm ad invicem ut iidem ar-<br />
&w. Proiode ii viribus morricibus a gravitate oriundis, quaz fins.<br />
UC iidem arcus auferanrur vel add;mtur 113 refitkntix, erunt dif-<br />
Wenti% se1 furnrnz ad invicem in eadem arcul1r-n ratione: cumque<br />
yelociraruti inci’ementa vel decrement,1 fint ut hre diO?erentiz veE<br />
+rnrnx, velocitates fkmper erunt ut arcus toti: Igitur velocitates,<br />
fi fint in aliqUo cafil ut arcus toti , manebunt kmper in eadem ra-<br />
Cone. Sed in principio motus 3 ubi corpora incipiunt defiendere<br />
& arcus illos dGzribere, vires, cum fint arcubus proportionales, gcneiabunt<br />
x&~citAtes arcubus proportionales. Ergo velocitates fern-<br />
per erunt ut arcus roti defcribendi, & propterea arcus iili fin4 dc-<br />
Ircriknttir. &$ E. f;D.<br />
si Corporibus hmependtilti reJ$Gur in duphnta yatiane welocit&m,<br />
d$fkntiSe ititer tempom o/&Z&anzmz in Me&o rel;-<br />
Jfente uc tampora oJ&Ja~ionbtm in tj’uJhm gru~22atis je+ice<br />
M&d& tioti rej$fente, erunt urcubus oJci.ZZando deJcriptix proo~&za~&,<br />
quitm proxJme.<br />
Nax-h p‘e?dulis- &qualibus in Medio refiftentc deiiribarrttir arcus<br />
inzquales A, B; & refifientia corporis in arcu A, erit ad refiitentiam<br />
corparis in parte correfpondente arcus B, in duplicata ratloarxe<br />
yelocitatumJ id eR, ut A A ad B B1 quam prohx. Si xii-<br />
Nn 3 fientia
II E ?.I0 T c aclltia iI1 arcu B eiret ad refiifenriam in arcu A ut A B ad A A ;<br />
C‘OK~OI:V:~: cempora in arcubus A & I3 forent zqualia, per h3pofitionem fupcriorcm.<br />
Idcoque refifientia A A in arcu A, vd A k% in arcw B,<br />
ce;cir excei~ilm temporis in arcu A hpra tempus in Media non’<br />
rci;Rclltc; & refi[tentia B B efficit exceffum ternpork in ~LXI B<br />
iilpra ternpus in hlcdio non refifcente. Sunt autem exccffis illi<br />
IIC ITires eficienres A B & J3 B quam proxime, id efi, UC arcus<br />
P A &Y B. 2. ‘E’. D.<br />
c’~T~L, I. Hint cx oWationum temporibus, in Media refifiente,<br />
ill arcubus insqualibus fakhrum, cognoki poirurlt tempora OfcilIa..<br />
tionum in cjufdem gravicatis fpecificz Media non refifientc. Nam<br />
dii-i‘ercntia temporum erit ad cxceirum temporis in arcu rninore fupra<br />
tcmpus in hkdio non refiiflente, ut difFeren& arcuum ad apcum<br />
minor-em.<br />
C’artil. 2. Ofcillacioncs breviores funt magis Ifochron~, & bre-<br />
-r:ii?imzz iii&m tcmporibus peraguntur ac in Media non refifiente,<br />
quam proxime, Earum vero quz in majoribus arcubus fhnt, tern-- .<br />
r:~ hit paulo majora, proprerea quod refifkatia in defcenfu carporis<br />
qua tempus producicur ) major fit pro ratione longitudinis<br />
in dekenfu defcripts, quam refifkntia in afcenfil hbfequente qua<br />
tcmpus contrahitur. Sed & cempus ofcillationum tam brevium<br />
~UXI~ longarum nonnihil produci videcur per motum Me&. Nam<br />
corporibus tardefcentibus paulo minus refifiitur, pro ratione velo..<br />
citntis, & corporibus acceleratis paulo magis quam iis qua uniformiter<br />
progrediuntur : id adeo quia hkdium, eo quem a corparibus<br />
accepic mow, in eandem p&am pergendo, in priore cafu lnagis<br />
agitatur, in poiteriore minus j ac proinde magis vel minus cum<br />
corporibus motis confjpirar. Pendulis igitur in d&enfu rmgis re.-<br />
fiitit, in afkenfu minus quam pro ratione velocitatis, & ex’utraque<br />
criufi tempus producitur.<br />
momentorum iemporis, erit ~‘us reSsl/2entbt ad vim graruitath<br />
ut excefihs wcus deJcenJu toto de&@ jipru SCUM u$iienfti<br />
&bJe&nte deJcripturn, ad penduli hwgitudinem duplicattim.<br />
Defigllet BC arcum defcenfii dekriptum, Cla arcum akenfu deh-iptun.1,<br />
6ss Aa di~crentiam arcuum : LQZ fiaratibus qua in Propa<br />
ditionrz
CIPI A MAT1E-IE ATICA. ,277’<br />
firto~l(3 xxv cotlfiru&a 8~ denmnltrata, GJntt erit vis qua corpus Ernei-t<br />
oictllarls urgotur in 10~0 quovis !ZI, ad vim rcliCtenti32 ut arcusS~CuT~z”US~<br />
CD ad arcurn CO, qui jrcmifis cfi difkrentin: illius Aa. Ideoque<br />
vis qila corpus olcillans urgeCUr in Cycloidls principio fi:u pun:to<br />
altilho, jd CR, vis gravitacis , wit ad rcfiIEontiam ut ucus Cycioidis<br />
inter pun&m illud fi~pr~n~utn & punBum infimum C ad<br />
arcum CO j id cfi (ii arcus dupliccntur) UC Cycloidis totius x-cusL,<br />
GX d~pla penduli longitude, ad mum Aa. G@CE. ‘D.<br />
ROPOSITIO XXIX. PROBLEh4A vr,<br />
Sit n a ( Fig, Prop. xxv) xcus oEdlatione int:gra dcfcriptus,<br />
litque G infimum Cycloidis pullRulTI, r! CZ fcmih arcus Cycloidis<br />
totius, longitudini Pcnduli IP.J~IS 5 & qwritur rciihmtia cob
Dr. J,~~V w aream % ET UC 0 $J,ad 0 C. Dein perpendiculo MN a~~~~da~~~<br />
CQRPQRUM ,$rca Hypcrbolica'YIl~~~qua~t ad areamHyperbolicam 5?.lE&<br />
ut arcus CT.2 ad arcum B C defceniu dckriptum. Et fi petpendicw<br />
lo H G abfcindacur area Wpperbolica !PIG& quz fit zid areah<br />
“P I,?2 $ tit arcus quilibet CD ad arcum B C defcenfcl toto d&<br />
tiriptum : eris reiitlentia in loco ‘;5) ad vim gravitatrs) ut aretr<br />
‘AIEF-IGHad<br />
aream TIENM.<br />
0%<br />
Nam cum vires a gravitate oriundz qui bus corpus in lock Z,B,YI,<br />
/r: urgetur, ht ut arcws CZ, CB, CD, Cn, t4k arcus illi fint tit area:<br />
b5!‘iNM,cTIE,C&TPGGX, TPPrCj exponanrurtumarcustumvires<br />
per has areas refpeflive. Sir infupcr l>d fpatium quam minimum<br />
a &3rp6re ckk~ndente dekripttim, & expontitur idem per areain<br />
quam minimam R Ggr parallelis R G, rg comprehenfam; & pro-<br />
ducatur rg ad b, ut ht G Hbg, &.RGgr conremporbnea arearum<br />
OR<br />
1 G 23, T I G R decrementa, Et area - oRIE F-IG H incremen-<br />
rum GHbg- &!- lEF, feu RrxHG- - Rr IE F, erit ad are;t<br />
02<br />
OX<br />
%‘rd”R decrementum &Ggr feu RrxRG, ut HG--<br />
1E.P<br />
0%<br />
OR<br />
ad RG; adeoque ut ORxHG-- IEF ad 0 Rx.GR feu<br />
02<br />
~OTX,T~,~~~~~(~~~~~~~~~~QRXHG,~RXHR-O~~GR~<br />
iHi!HK--QTPI’C, TIHR & T.ZGR+IGH) UC TIGR+<br />
OR<br />
2.E.F ad 0 P IK, Jgitur di area -b<br />
IkG?- OYR 0%<br />
oRIEF-lGH<br />
dicatur<br />
J
dicatur Y, atque area? PIG R decrementurn R Ggr de&w, erit LlnEll<br />
increnle:ltunl arelt: Y UC I)IGR --Y. SECUNDUZ.<br />
Quad ii V defignct vim a gravitate oriundam, arcui defcribendo<br />
CD proportionalem, qua corpus urgetur in I> : & R pro refiltentia<br />
ponatur: erit V -R vis tota qua corpus urq33.w in 13. Efi<br />
itaque incrementum velocitatis UC V - R St part&h illa temporis<br />
in qua fa&um et? conjun&im : Sed & velocitas ipfa efi ut incrementurn<br />
contemporaneum ibatii defcripti dire&e & particula eadem<br />
temporis inverfe. Unde, cum refifientia ( per Hypothefinj<br />
fit ut quadraturn velocitacis, incrementurn rcfiitentiaz (per kern. 11)<br />
erit ut velocitas &c incrementurn velocitatis conjunfiim, id efi, ut<br />
momenrum Epatii 8~ V - R conjuntiim; xrque adeo, fi momcntuul<br />
fpaeii detur, ut V --IL 5 id efi, ii pro vi V icribattar ejus exponens<br />
I) IG R, & refiilentia R exponatur per aliam aliquam arcam<br />
!Z, ut FlGR-ZZ.<br />
Igitur area 5” I GA per datorum momentorum fitbduhnem<br />
uniformiter decretiente, crefcunt arca Y in ratione ‘P 1GR - y,<br />
& area ‘Z in ratione ‘f IG A -25. Et propterea G arell: Y SC Z G-<br />
muI incipiant SE fi-lb ~niti~ SXJWI~S dint, hz per additionem zqualium<br />
momentorum pergent effe zquales, St zcqualibus itidem momentis<br />
fubinde decrefcenres fimul evanefcent. Et viciflim, ii fimul<br />
incipiunt 86 fimul cvanefcunt , zqualia habebunt momenta & fernper<br />
erunt zquales: id adeo quia ii refificntia 2 augeatur, veloci-<br />
ras una cum arcu iHo Cd, qui in afcenfu corporis dekribitur,dimi.<br />
iwetur ; & pun&O in quo.motus omnis una cum refifientia cecat<br />
propius accedente ad punhm C, refiitentia citius wane&t quam<br />
area Y. Et contrarium eveniet ubi refifientia dirninuitur.<br />
Jam vero area 2 incipit definitque ubi refifientia nulla efi, hoc<br />
elt, in principio & fine mow, ubi areus C 59, C7.l arcubus C B &<br />
Ca aquantur, adeoque ubi recCta R 4; incidit in reQas R.E & CT.<br />
/-I n<br />
Et area Y feu “$<br />
eoque<br />
IE F--1G Aif incipit dehitque<br />
ubi nulla efi, ad-<br />
ubi @ mI Iif ;G F SC IGH xqualia fimt : hoC efi (per con-<br />
firufiionem) ub? re&a R G incl’ciit in reLOsas gE & G T, Proindequc<br />
arez ihe dim@l inciphma; c 7,: fimul evanekunt, & propeerea<br />
femper ilunt xquales. Tgitur area 2F oRPEF-PGM xqualis efi<br />
* cd<br />
arez 25, per quam rdifier;ria exposCwr, 8s propterea eit ad aream<br />
“PI NM per quam gcavitas expoe’liwrj ut refifientia ad gravitytern.<br />
g& E,CDP<br />
&-or64
De %lOTU<br />
c on I’ 0 II L’ hl (‘&o,( 1. Efi igitur refiffenria in 10~0 infko ad vim gravitath<br />
ut area gFz IE F ad aream T INM<br />
C’~~~L 2. Fit autem maxima, ubi area P 1E-I W efi ad arearn<br />
IE$’ UC 0 R ad O.& Eo enim in cab monxntuM ejus (nimiru~<br />
‘p IG X -Y) evadlt nullum.<br />
coral. 3. Hillc etiam hnotefcit velocitas in loch fingulis : quippe<br />
qu’~: efi in ihbduplicata ratione rcfikxxiaz, & ipfo motus inirro a+<br />
guatur velocitati corporis in eadem ,Cycloide abfque omni reGBenc<br />
r,~a okillantis.<br />
Caterum ob dificilem calculum quo refifientia & velocitas per<br />
hanc Propofitionem inveniendz cum, vifum efi Propofitionem fe4<br />
quenccm hbjungerc, qu;1: & generalior fit St ad ufus Philofo,phiy<br />
cos abunde ratis accurata.<br />
Exponatur enim rum Cycloidis arcw9 ofcillatione integra de-<br />
Jcriptus, per reQam iilam iibi squalem a L3, turn arcus yui defcriberetur<br />
in vacua per longitudmem AB. Bifecetur AB in C, & pun-<br />
&urn C reprrrfentabic infimum Cycloidis pun&urn, Sr erit CD ut:<br />
ais a gravitate oriunda, qua corpus in D fecundurn tangentem<br />
Gycloidis urgeturr eamque habebic racionem ad longitudinem Pcnduli<br />
quam habet vis in I> ad vim gravitatis. Exponarur igitur vis<br />
41Ia per longitudinem CB, S; vis gravitatis per longicudinem pen-<br />
&Ii a SE fi in .D E capiatur I) K in ea ratione, ad longitudirlem<br />
penduli
P R 1 N c $ p IB: A 54. 8 I<br />
Is I 1: t! It<br />
pnduli quam habet rcfifientia ad gravitatem, erit ‘23.K exponevs<br />
rejifientis. Centrs C & intervallo CA vel CB conltruarur &3X1- ““” I””<br />
circulns B Ee A. DeCxibat autem corpus tcmpore quam minirn0<br />
ipatium 23 d, Sr ereL’tis perpendiculis 2, E, de circumi’crCnt$ w-<br />
currenribus in E 6r e, erunt haec ut velocitates qua” corpus 111 va.-<br />
CLIO, dekendendo a punL& ,B, acquireret in locis’ 23 & Cl. Patct<br />
hoc per Prop. LII. Lib. I. Exponatm.tr itaque 11512 velocitates<br />
lperpendicula illa DE, de; fitque D F velocitas quam acquirzt<br />
in D cadendo de B in Me&o refifiente. Et fi cenrro C & incerwallo<br />
CF defcribarur Circulars .Ff &I occurrens re&is de 8~ A B II-I<br />
f & i’& erit ,&! locus ad quem deinceps abfque uiteriore refifiengia<br />
afcenderet, & df velocitas quam acquireret in d. Wnde etiam<br />
fi Fg defignec velocitatis momentum quad corpus D, dekribendo<br />
i$atium quam minimum I) a’, ex refifientia Medii amictit ; 8r fuz-natur<br />
CN zqualis Cg : eric N locus ad quem corpus deinceps<br />
zabcque ulteriore refiitentia afcenderet, & MN erit decremencum<br />
zzfcenfus ex velocitatis illius amGone oriundum. Ad a'f demitta-<br />
EUT perpendiculum Fm, tk velocitatis 2) F decrementurn Fg a<br />
Hefifientia “23 K genitum, erit ad velocitatis ejufdem incremencum<br />
592 a vi CD genicum , ut vis generans D K ad vim generancem<br />
c 13. Sed & ob fimilia<br />
criangula Fm f, Fbg,<br />
F’k, C, eit ,f aa ad k;m<br />
6ku I)d, ut CD ad<br />
5D F; & ex zquo Fg ad<br />
5Dd ut DK ad DF.<br />
tern Fh ad Fg ut DF<br />
d CFj St ex aqua<br />
gerturbate,Fb ku MN<br />
Z)d ut ‘DK ad CF<br />
u CM; ideoque filmma omnium MN x Ck’aqualis erit fummaz<br />
lomnium I) d x I) IC. Ad pun&urn mobile M erigi kmper intell&<br />
gacur ordinata reQangula zqualis indeterminaca: CM, quaz motu<br />
continua ducacur in totam longitudinern Aa; & trapezium ex ills<br />
motu dekriptum five huic zquale reQangulumA1z x 4 a B zquabitur<br />
fimmaz omnium MNx C.iV, adeoque fknma ommurn ZJ dxa;l.~~<br />
id efi, arex BKkVTcz. &E. 2>.<br />
COroL Hint ex lege refifientia: & arcuum Cd, CB difkrentia Aa,<br />
-Golligi potefi proportio refifientk ad gravitatem q,uam proxime.<br />
. Nam<br />
per
zsz PHILOS0PHI.E l’hi7i<br />
D E hf ti T V Nam fi uniformis fit refifientia 9 K, Figura dB .Kk T re&angw<br />
cosroR”” lum crit filb &a & DK; & inde re@angulum fiub iBa & Aa<br />
crit squale r&angulo 1Tub Bn & 2> I in Medio non refifiente, &iUatione<br />
inregra dcfcriberet longitudinem B A, velocitas in IOCO quovis-.D<br />
foret ut Circuli diametro AB defiripti ordinatim applicata 2) E.<br />
Proinde cum Bn in Medio refifiente, 8r B A in Medio non refiitente,<br />
zqualibus circiter temporibus defiribantur ; adeoque velacitates<br />
in fingulis ipfius<br />
Ba pun&is, fint quam<br />
proxime ad velocitates<br />
in pun&is correfponelentibus<br />
Iongitudinis<br />
BA,uteRBa ad BA;<br />
erit velocitas 53 I-- in<br />
Medio refiltente ut Circuli<br />
vel Ellipkos fupcr<br />
diametro B n dekripti<br />
ordinatim appkata j adeoque Figura B MVT’LZ Ellipfis, quam proxime.<br />
Cum refifientia velocitati proportionalis fupponatur, fit OY<br />
exponens refifkentik, in pun&to Medio 0; & Ellipfis u B A 7/“$,.<br />
centro 0, femiaxibus OB, 0 Y defiripta) Figuram aBKVT,<br />
eique zquaIe reQanguIum Aa xBO, zequabit quamproxime. Efi<br />
@iturAaxBO ad OYxBO ut area Ellipkos hujlns ad OVXBQ:<br />
Id efi, An ad 0 Y ut area femicirculi ad quadratum radii, fine: ut<br />
IX ad 7 circiter: Et propterea I’1 Au ad longitudinem penduli ut’<br />
corporis ofcillantis refiitentia in 0 ad ejufdem gravitatem.<br />
Qod fi refifkentia 13K fit in duplicata ratione velocitatis , Figura<br />
B KVTa Parabola erit verticem habens Y & axem 0 Y, id..<br />
eoque aqualis Grit reQangulo filb ; Bla & 0 T quam proxime, Efi<br />
igirur reQangulum fu b i B a ik Aa zquale re&angulo fub ~BA<br />
& 0 Y, adeoque 0 Vazqualis $Aa: & propterea corporis ofcillatitis<br />
refifientia in 0 ad ipfius gravitatem ut t&a ad longitudinem<br />
Penduli,<br />
Atque has concluliones in rebus pratiicis abunde fitis accurata$.<br />
eire cellfeeo~ Nam cum Ellipfis vel Parabola B R Y$a congruat,<br />
cum
PRIN@IPEA kfATHEr\/lATICAl 29;’<br />
cum Figura B KPT LZ in punLto medio P” hsc ii ad partem al- !.!?: ‘:<br />
terutram B R Vvel VSa excedic Figuram illam, deficiel: a13 cadem 3:~ I- :,;‘YL<br />
ad partem alteram, & fit eidem xqwbitur quam prsximc.<br />
PFVX?OSITXQ XXXI. THEOREMA XXV.<br />
Britur enim difFerentia illa ex rerardatione Pendufi per relifientiam<br />
Medii, adeoque et% ut retardatio tota eiquc proporrionalis<br />
refifientia rerardans. In fuperiore Propofitione re&angulum<br />
iirb re&a $ aB & arcuum illorum CB, Ca diEerentia An, -<br />
zqualis erat arez B KT: Et area illa, ii maneat longitudo n B,<br />
augetur vel diminuitur in ratione ordinatim applicatarum “D I
Ex his, Propofirionibus, per ofcilla~io~Ies Fe~duhrum in Me&is<br />
q~~ib~~f,-unque, invenire lices refii’tenblam kfd.QrLmL Aeris vero<br />
refiftentianl invefiigavi per Experimenta kquentia. Globwm ljg.’<br />
neum pondere unciarum Romanarum 57?3, diametro digitorum<br />
Lo~&w$wn 6: fabricatum ) if10 tenui ab unto his firmo fufpeIrdi,<br />
ita ut inter urIcurn AT centrum of’cillationis Globi difiansia eret<br />
gedum 10;. II-I file pun&urn notavi pedibus decem &r uncia llrla<br />
a centro hfpenfionis dihns ; & e regione pun&i i&us COlloCavi<br />
Regulam in digitos difiin&am 3 quorum ape notarem longitudi,<br />
nes arcuum a Pendulo dekriptas. Deinde numera-vi okillationes<br />
q&us Globus o&avam mows fi.li parrem amitteret. Si pendu-<br />
]um deducebatur a perpendiculo ad difiantiam duorum digitorum,<br />
.Q inde demittebatur; ita US toto Cue defcenh defcriberet arcum<br />
duorum digitorum, toraque okillatione prima, ex defienfu St afcenfu<br />
fubfequente compofita, arcum digitorum ferc quatuor : idem<br />
ofcillationibus 164 amilit oQavam mows hi partem fit ut ultimo<br />
Cue afcenfu defcriberet arcum digiti unius cum tribus partibus<br />
quartis digiti. Si primo dekenfu defcripfit arcum digitorum quatuor<br />
; amifit ofiavam mow partem okillationibus 1.2 I, ita ut akenb<br />
fi, ultimo defcriberet arcum digicorum 3:. Si primo dekenfu de&<br />
tiripfit arcum digitorum o&o9 kxdecim, triginta duorum vel fenaginta<br />
quatuor ; amifit o&avam motus partem ofcillationibus 6y,3 r$,<br />
P 8$, 95, re~pe&tivc: Igitur differentia inter arcws dekenfi prima<br />
8~ afcenfu ultimo dekriptos, erat in cafu prima, &undo, tertio,<br />
qnarto, quinto, fexto, digitorum i9 “;> I, 2, 4, 8 refpc&ive. Dividantur<br />
ea: different& per numerum ofcillationum in cafi unoquoque,<br />
& in ofcillatione u,na mediocr& qua arcus digitarum 3$, 7$,<br />
15, 30, 60, 120 dekripcus fuits differentia arcuum defcenh & fubb<br />
fequcntc &en& detiriptorum, erit -& $-, 6, 5, -$ 2 partes di-<br />
giti recpe&ive, Ha: au.tem in. majoribus okillationibus iiint in duplicata<br />
ratione arcuum dekriptorum qham proxime, in minoribus<br />
vero paulo majores quam in ea ratio,ne; & prapterea (per Coral. 2.<br />
Prop. XXXI Libri hujus) refiftentia Globi, ubi celerius movetur,<br />
elZ in duplicata ratinne velocitatis quam proxime 5 ubi t,ardius, pau-<br />
I0 major quam in ea ratione. /
Qefignet jam V velocitacem maximum in okillatione qmvis, ~~~~~<br />
fintque A, B, G quancitates da&, & fingamus quad diiFerentia SECU~I)IJL<br />
arcuum fit A V + B V”i -/- C VL. @urn veIocitatcs maximz Ii17t in<br />
Gycloide ut kmifis arcuum ofcilIand0 dekripcortmi , in Girculo<br />
vero ut i‘emifinlum arcuum illorum chordzj acfco~~ue par&us<br />
arcubus majores fint in Cycloide quam in Circulo, in ratione<br />
12mifium arcuum ad eorundem chordas; tempera autem in Circulo<br />
fint majora quam in Cycloide in velocitatis ratione reciproa<br />
j pacet arcuum diR”erentias (qw funt ut r&O-en& & quadratum<br />
tempo+ conjunQim) eatiem fore, quamproxime, in utraque<br />
Ckarva: deberent enim dif%renriz ilk in Cycloide augeri, una<br />
cum refiiIent& in duplicata circiter rarione arcus ad chordam, ob<br />
velocitatem in ratione iild fimplici au&am ; & diminui, una cum<br />
quadrato temporis, in eadem dupiicata ratione. ftaque ut redu3io<br />
fiat ad Cycloidem ) ezdem fimendz fint arcuum diferentk quz<br />
fuerunt in cSircuI0 obfervats 9 veloci ta tes vero maxima ponendze<br />
Cunt arcubus dimidiatis vel integris, hoc eff, numeris f, I, zz><br />
4, 8, x6 analogs Scribamus ergo 111 cak fecundo, quart0 & kx-<br />
Co numeros 1, L$ & I6 pro V j & prodibit arcuum diflkrentia<br />
-5<br />
3<br />
b = A + B + C in cafu recundo; --$=.+A+8B-+ldC in cafe.<br />
121<br />
2<br />
quart0 j & -$ - rGA + 64 EL)- 2 56C in cafii ftixro.<br />
Et ex his ire:-<br />
quationibus,, per debitam collationem & redu&ionem Analyticama _<br />
fit A =o,oooo916, B = 0,0010847, & C= o,ooz9558: Elt ip;itur<br />
difTer&tia arcuum Ut O,Qm3o916 ~~0,0~~~8~~~~~0,~~~9~.~8~":<br />
& propterea cum c per- Corollarium Propofitionis xxx ) sefifientia<br />
Globi in media arcus ofcillando defcripti, ubi velocitas efi V,<br />
fit ad ipfius pondus UT 1'1 A V -+ $$ B V$ -+t C V* ad longitudiwm<br />
Benduli; fi pro A, B & C fcribantur numeri inventi fiet refifientia<br />
Globi ad ejus pondus, ut OPOO s 83 V + 0,0007546 Vi + 0~0022169 V3 ’<br />
ad longitudinem Penduli inter centrum fufpenfionis 8.~ Regulams<br />
id e.f%, ad 121 di itos. Unde cum V in cali &undo dkfignet I~<br />
in quart0 4, in B exto I6 : erit refiftentia ad pondus Globi in caCu i<br />
fecunda LX 0,0030~9~ ad 121, in quart0 wt 0,0417492 ad 121~ in<br />
fexto UT 0,61675 ad 121.<br />
Arcus quem pun&urn in. file notakm in cafu fixto defc.ripfit, *<br />
8<br />
erat s zo- ;+ $eu I 19~5 digitorum. Et proptcrca cum radius effea:<br />
F22 digitorum , & Iongitudo Penduli inter pun&urn . fufpenfianis .,<br />
& ‘_
& centrum Globi eiTet 126 digitorum, arcus quem centr~m Ghbi<br />
T)e MOTU<br />
CUR 1-0 n 03 defcriyfit erat: r.zh,i, digitorum. C&ohm corporis oMlauntis velocitas<br />
maxima, ob refiknciam Aeris, non incidit in pun6hn infihum<br />
arcus dekripti, Ced in media fere loco arcws cotius verfhr :<br />
plxc eadcm crit circiter ac ii Globus dekenfu fuo toto in Media<br />
xlon reiifiente dekriberet arcus iflius partem dimidiam digitorum<br />
GZ&, idque in Cycloidc, ad quam motum Penduli fupra redilxi-<br />
IIILIS: & propterea velocitas il!a xqualis cric velscirat
PoRea Globum plumbeum, diamktro digirorum z, St ponderc<br />
unciarum RoPnanarzkm 265, Ci rpendi f30 eodem, fit u t inter cefllw<br />
tru’m Globi 8-z puntium fifpenhnis intervallum ell’et pcdum 1043<br />
& numerabam ofcillationes quibus data motus pars amitteretur.<br />
Tabularurn fhbfkluentium prior cxhibet numerum of?ciIlaeionum.<br />
quibus pars p&ava mows totius ceffavit; fecunda numerum okcillationum<br />
qulbus ejufdem pars quarta amifi fuit.<br />
DeJenfr4s priws T 2 4 8 16 32 CL&<br />
A-~hqis dtFimus g ‘; 3: 7 14 28 56<br />
Nz4merus O&%&t. 226 228 193 r40 go? 53 30<br />
DefccpnJ;s ph?ws f 2 4 a 16 32 Gqg<br />
+dsGlpPJirS zldtimus A 12 ’ 3 6 12 24 48<br />
Nfdmerws OfXut. 51c.l 51% 420 318 204 121 70,<br />
In TabuIa priore fkligendo ex obfervationibus tertiam, quintan~<br />
& feptimam 3 82 exponendo velocitates maximas in his obkrvasionibus<br />
particulatim per numeros I, 4, x6 refpe&ive, & generaliter<br />
per quantiratem V ut fipra: emerget in obfervatione tertia.<br />
A<br />
2<br />
-ZZ A -/- B -#- C, in quinta -&<br />
192<br />
2<br />
= 4A-/-8B+IbC~ in kptimza.<br />
. $, -<br />
-.=x6A -#-6&.B-+zf6C. - Eke veru aequationes redu&x dans.:<br />
z.= o,oor++ B 5 0~00~~9.7, C= o,ooo879. Et inde prodit refifientia<br />
Globi cum Gelocirate V moti, in ea ratione ad pondus fium i<br />
unciarum z 63, quam habet o,ooop V + 0~000207 V+ + o,ooo~ijp Va<br />
ad penduli longitudinem I 2 L digitorum. Et fi Cpekkmus earn folummodo<br />
refifienciz parrem qua: efi in duplicata ratione velocitatig<br />
&ec ait ad pondus Globi ut o,ooo6gg ,V’ ad 12 I di@tos. Erat au-.<br />
tern hsc pars refifientk in experiment0 prima ad pondus Globi<br />
Jignei unciarum 57?;, ut ~30-17 vi ad I 21: & inde fit refifientia<br />
Globi lignei ad refifientiam Clobi plumbei (paribuseorum velocita-<br />
-tibus) ut 5922 in o,oozz17 ad 26$ in 030006sp, id e&i ut 7$‘ad I,<br />
iametri Globor~m *duorum want Gi & 2 dj,gitorum, & harum<br />
quadrata iiznt ad inwcem ut47t 6t 4, i'etl II-?;+ & I
2, 8 9 l?;z-l I E 0 s 0 P E-1 f AZ N h 'I- u R A L I s<br />
y?!: r\!OTrJ fkentiam Hi, qux axe perrn:~~n;-i cnr, CIC dc pendulorum ,inventa<br />
‘~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ reGEellfia ~~ibduci debec. WXIIC ;lcc(lrAtte $cfinire nodl potbli, fed<br />
majcxem e,Imcn inveni quam parrcn~ tcrt!:lm reGRenciaz totius minoris<br />
pcnduli j & indc didici quad refif2enck.z Globorum, dempta<br />
fili relift-entia, filnt quam proxirne in dupkata ratione diametrorum.<br />
Nam ratio 7; -f ad P -;, ku 10: ad I, non longe abelE a<br />
dixuetrorurn rarione dupliraoa xr4+ ad I.<br />
Cum refiitentia fili in Globis majoribus minoris fit momenti<br />
eencavi etiam experimenturn in GEobo cujus diameter erat 182 digicoma.<br />
Longirudo penduli inter pun&urn fufpenfionis 8t tenrrum<br />
ofcillarionis erat digitorum IZZ$, ilIter p~~~&mn fiufpenfionis<br />
tc nodurn in file 109: dig. Arcus primo penduli detienfu a noda<br />
dekriptus9 32 dig. Arcus afcenfu ultimo pofi otiiktiones<br />
quinque ab codcm nodo dc-kriptus, z8 dig. Sumtlla arcuum feu<br />
arcus rotus ofcillatione mediocri defcriptus, 60 dig. Difhmia<br />
arciium 4. dig. Ejus pars decimn feu differentia inter defcenfum Ik<br />
afcenfum in ofcillntione mediocri 5 dig. UC radius 109% ad radium<br />
1122+, ita arcus torus GO dig. ofciHatione mediocri a nodo dekriptus,<br />
ad arcum totum 67; dig. ofkillatione mediocri a centro<br />
Globi defcripcum : & ita differenti&? ad differentiam novam ~4475~<br />
Si ‘longitude penduli, manenre longitudine arcus defiripti, augeretur<br />
in ratione I 2 6 ad I 22* j tempus okillationis augeretur &velociras<br />
penduli diminueretur in ratione illa fubduplicara, maneret<br />
vero arcuum defcenfu & fubfequente akenfu defcriptorum diffe-<br />
Ten&a 0,4q.7 5. Deinde ii arcus defcriptus augeretur in ratione.<br />
a~+~+ ad 67$, differentia ifia 0,447~ augeretur in duplicata illa ra-<br />
Cone, adeoque cvaderec I~ 5295 • HZX ira fe haberent, ex hypothefi<br />
quad refifientia Penduli effet in duplicata ratione veloci<br />
tack Ergo G pendulum dekriberet arcum totum IL+& digitor.um,<br />
& longitude ejus inter pun&urn fufpenfionis & cen-<br />
,trum okillationis effet 126 digitorum, difFerentia arcuum detienfu<br />
8-z fubfequente afcenfii dekriptorum forec 1,529~ digitorum.<br />
Et hzx difkrentia duRa in pondus Globi penduk quod erat<br />
unciarum ~08, producit 318, I 36. Rurfus ubi pendulum fiperius<br />
ex Globe ligneo confiru&um, centro ofcillationis, quod a pun&o<br />
fufpenfionis digitos 126 difiabat, defcribebat arcum totum 1245<br />
digitorum, dift’erentia arcuum defcenfil & afcenfu defiriptum fuit<br />
126 .<br />
ii-F m 9$<br />
-$ quz duAa in pondus Globi, quod erat unciarum ~7:~)<br />
producit 4p,3g6- Duxi autem differcntias hafce in pondera Globoraam<br />
ut invenir.ena e0rum refiffentias, Nam differentia: ori-<br />
UllfXW
untur ex refiIfentii% fiWclue uk refifientiz dir&e & pondera ill- I, I II P x<br />
,verk. Suflt igicur refifientiti: ut numcri 3rs,~36 & 4,8,j3G. Pars SI!~VNJ~IJ*-<br />
autem refihntia: Globi minoris, qux efi in duplicata ratione ve]ocitatis,<br />
erat ad refifkotiam totam, ut 0,567~~ ad o,Gr675, id efi, LIP<br />
4~1453 ad ~9,376; & pars refiRentilr: Globi majoris yropemodum<br />
2quatur ipliu§ refifientk toti ; adeoque partes ills Cum Lx 3 18~1 gr;<br />
& 4q)4j3 quamproxime, id efi, ut 7 & L. S~mr autem GiIoborum<br />
diamctri 18; 8r 6Q 5 83: harum quadrata 3 fr;S, & 472: runt ut 7,43%<br />
& I? id efi, UC Cloborum refiltentix 7 & I quan~pmxime. IIliffkrentia<br />
rationum haud major efi quam quz ex fili r&Rentia oriri potuit.<br />
Igitur refifientiarum partcs ilh quzc hunt, paribus Globis, ut<br />
quadrata vclocitatum j ~UIIC criam, paribus vclocitatibus, ut quadrata<br />
diamecrorum Globorum.<br />
Czrcrum Globorum, quibus uftis fum in his experimentis, maximus<br />
non erat perktie Sphrricus, & propterea in calculo hit allato<br />
minutias quafdam brevitatis gratis neglexi; de calc~llo accurate in<br />
cxpcrimcnto non fatis accuraco minime iollicitus. Optarim itaque<br />
(cum demo&ratio Vacui ex his dependcat) ut experimenta cum<br />
Globis & pluribus & majoribus 82 magis accuratis Eentarencur. Si<br />
Globi fitmantur in proportione Geometrica, puta quorum diametri<br />
fiiint digitorum 4, 8, I 6, 32 ; ex progrcffione experimentorum colliigetur<br />
quid in Clobis adhuc mtljoribus evenire debear.<br />
am vero conkrcndo refifiencias diverforum Fluidorum inter f2<br />
tei!tIvi fcqucn th Arcam ligneam paravi longitudine pedum guatuor:<br />
latitudme’& al titudine pedis unius. Hanc operculo lludatam<br />
implevi aqua fontana, fecique ut immerh pendula in medio<br />
aq~m ofcillando moverentur. Globus autem plumbeus pondere<br />
1~62 unciarum, diametro 3: digicorum, movebacur ut in Tabula<br />
kqucn te dekripfimus ) exiitente videlicet longitudine penduli a<br />
pun&o fifpenfionis ad pun&-urn cyuoddam in file notatum 126 di-<br />
@torum, ad okillationis autem ccntrum x3+$ djgi!orum.
1) F bl@ T U<br />
111 eioerimento columnn: quartz9 motus ayual!s Ofcillation&u$<br />
~OIIPOI~UM 537 in jere, & 1: in aqua amifi hunt. Erant qu$em OfCillationcs<br />
ill acre paulo celeriores quam in aqua. At ii okillationes ,in aqua<br />
in ea ratione accelerarentur ut motus pendulorum in Medio utro- *<br />
que fierent zrquive!oces, maneret numerus idem okillationum 15<br />
in aqua, quibus mows idem ac prius amitFeretur;* ab refifientiam<br />
auaanl ;~t fimul quadrarum tetnporls.dlmlnutum .ln eadem ratione i<br />
illa duplicata. Paribus igitur pendulorum velpclt?tilys ftlorus z-<br />
quales in aere oMlationibus 53 5 & in aqua ofilll;ttlotllbus xf amifli<br />
iilnt; ideoque refifielitia penduli in aqua efiad eJus refifientiam in<br />
acre ut 535 ad I$. Hzc efi proportio refifientiarum totarum in<br />
c;lfu columnar quartz<br />
Defignet jam A V + C V’ diff’erentiam arcuum in dekepfii & f”&<br />
fequente afcenfu defcriptorum a Globo, 111 Acre cum velwtate maxima<br />
V moto j ,& cum velocitas maxima, in Cab COlllllX~~ quartz, fit ;<br />
ad velocitatem maxham in cafu columntl: primx, ut 1 ad 8 ; & diffe- I<br />
relltia illa arcuum, in cafu-columnar quartz, ad difFerentiam ,in cafu<br />
2<br />
colummz prima2 Ot - ad ‘IG ku ut 855 ad 4280: fcribamus in<br />
535 Q?<br />
his cafibus T & 8 pro velocitatibus, atque 85+ & 4280 pro differeritiis<br />
arcuum> & fret A -+-Cc 85; & 8A-t.G4C=4280 tiu<br />
A + 8~ = 53 5; indeque per redu&ipndm aquationum proveniet<br />
7 C = 449: & C= 64;?-, & A= zl+ : atque adeo refintentia, cum<br />
fit ut ,2, AV+-$ CV’, erit ut 13AY+4JlS5Vt. Qareincal’u coluinriz<br />
quartz, ubi velocitas erac I, refihntia tota efi ad gartem,<br />
Gain quadr;ito velocitatis proporiionakm ) ut I 31”; + @A feu<br />
6 I+: ad 48 j5 j ‘& idckco refifientia penduli in aqua efi ad refillentiz<br />
parteq illam in tiere c$m quadrato vclocitatis proportiohalis<br />
efi, quzqbe fola iti motibtis velocioribus cotifideranda venit, ut 6x4:<br />
ad 48rs-& 535 ad of conjun~im~ id efi, ut 571 ad I. Si penduli<br />
in aqua ofcilltiiitis “fi’luh totdm fuiffet ihinerfiln, refiitentia ejus<br />
fuiffet adhuc major; adeo ut pend,uli in aere ofcillantis refifientia<br />
illa quz velocicati$ qtiadraco ‘propbrtionalis efi$ quxque iij1.a’ in<br />
corporibus velocioribus conkieranda venit, fit, ad refiiten@n ‘cjtifdem<br />
phduli totius, ,eadem cum .veloditate, in aqua ofc&y~th~<br />
ut 800 vel goo ad I. circiter, hockfi, ut de&as aquzad denhaeatem’<br />
aeris quampr.oxime.<br />
In hoc calculo fumi quoque deberet p$ks *illa, refi,fknria: ‘petihli<br />
15 aqua,-quaaeffit ‘tit quadraturn valocita‘ti’s,?fed (+@od wiiitim for-,<br />
te videatur) refifientia in ajlta ~@kur ain &iotie whrirdtis<br />
pluG
PRI:NCI.P3eA MATHEhfATPCA. 231<br />
plufquam duplicata. Ejus rei caufam invefiigando, in hanc in- LIIIFX<br />
cidi, quod Arca nimis angufia. effet pro magnitudine Globi pen- SEC~E:D*~~<br />
duli, & morum aqua cede& pram angufiia fua nimis impediebat.<br />
Nam ii Globus pendulus ) cujus diamerer erat diski u-<br />
n&s, immergeretur j refiflentia augeba tur in duplicata ratione ve-<br />
Iocitatis q,uam proxime, Id tentabam conitruendo pendulum ex<br />
Globis duobus, quorum inferior 8z minor ofcillarerur in aqua, iir.<br />
perior & major proxime fupra aquam file affixus efit, & in ACTc<br />
ofcillando, adjuvaret motum penduli eumque diutarniorem redder-et,<br />
Expcrimenra autem hoc modo infiituta fe habebant uc in Tahula<br />
fequente defcribitur.<br />
Arcus defcenfu prim0 defcriptus 16 8 4 2 I ‘; 2<br />
Arcus u/Zenfii dim0 defcripw 12 G 3 If i $ L,<br />
Arcmm dz$motzki amifoproport. 4 2 I z ' ; f Iiz<br />
.i%merzu Ofcilhtionzkm 3;. 6f IZ,", 21: 34 53 6r$<br />
Conferendo refiflentias Mediorum inter fe, effeci etiam UE pendula<br />
ferrea ofiillarentur in argento viva. Longitudo fili ferrei erat<br />
pedum quaG trium, 8~ diameter Globi penduli quail tertia pars digiti.<br />
Ad filum autem proxime fupra Mercurium affixus erat Globus<br />
alius Plumbeus fariS magnus ad motum penduli diutius contix3uandum.<br />
Turn vafculum, quad capiebat quail Iibras tres argenti<br />
vivi, implebam vicibus alternis argento vivo & aqua communi, UC<br />
pendulo in Fluido urroque fuccef&e okillante, invenirem propor-<br />
&onem refiitentiarum : 8r prodiit refifientia argenti vivi ad refifientiam<br />
aqua, ut, 13 vel I+ ad I circiter : id elt, ut denlitas argenai,<br />
vivi ad denfitatem aquz Ubi Clobum pendulum paulo majorem<br />
adhibebam, puta cujus diameter efit quail f vet : partes digiti,<br />
prodibat refifientia argenti vivi in ea ratione ad refifientiam<br />
aqua, quam habet numerus, I 2 vel IO ad I circiter. Sed ex,perimento<br />
priori magis fidendum eit, propterea cpod in his ultimis<br />
Vas, nimis angufium fuit pro magnitudine Globi immerG. Ampliato<br />
Globe, deberet edam Vas ampliari. Confiitueram quidem<br />
Ilujufinodi experimenta in vafis majoribus & in liquoribus turn<br />
Metallorum fuforum 3 turn aliis quibufdam tam calidis quam fri-<br />
@d is repetere : kd omnia experiri non vacat, & ex jam dekriptis<br />
&is liquet refifientiam corporum celeriter motorum denfitati Fluidorum<br />
in quibus moventur proportionalem efk quam proxime.<br />
Non, c&c,0 accurate. Warn Fluida tenaciora, pari denfitare, procul-<br />
PI? 2<br />
dubio
232<br />
I?n F,ToTu dubi magis refiitunt quan liquidrom ut CNeum frigidurn quam<br />
Con~orto~ &idum, caliduln quam aqua yluvidis,, aqua qU”M Spiritus Vini,<br />
verum in liquoribus qui ad ~CII&III f%tls fluidi hot, UC in Acre, in.<br />
~~~~ feu dulci fiu falfa, in Spiritibus Mini, Tcrebinthi & Saliuln,<br />
in Oleo a fxcibus per defilllationem liberato & cakfa&o, Oleoque<br />
\litrioli ~fk Mercurio, ac Metallis liquefaflis, 8~ fiqui Gnt alii, qui<br />
tlm fluidi fint ut in vah agitati mown imprerum diutius con.<br />
fervent, effufique liberrime in guttas decurre+o refolvantur, nu]-<br />
lus dubito quin regula allata fatis accurate obtmeat : prazkrtim fi<br />
cxiTerimenta in corporibus pendulis 8~ majorlbus Pz velocius motis<br />
inftituantur.<br />
Denique cum receptiilima Pl~ilofophorum rucatis hujus opinio<br />
fit, Medium quoddam aethereum SC longe ~ubtilifimum extare,<br />
quad omnes omnium corporum poros SC meatus liberrime permeet;<br />
a rali autem Medio per corporum poros fluente refifientia<br />
oriri &beat: ut tentarem an refifientia, quam in motis corporibus<br />
experimur, tota fit in eorum externa fiuperficie, an vero partes etiam<br />
internrr: in fuperficiebus propriis refificntiam notabilem fintiant,<br />
excogitavi experimentum tale. Filo pedu,m undecim longitudinis,<br />
ab unto chalybeo Otis firmoP mediante annul0 chal beo, h.<br />
fi>endebam pyxidem abiegnam rotundam, ad contlituen CT um pendulum<br />
Iongitudinis prazdi&ta. Wncus furfim przacutus erat acie<br />
concava, ut annulus arcu fuo fuperiore aciei innixus liberrime mom<br />
veretur. Arcui autem inferiori anneaebatur filum. Pendulum ita<br />
confiitutum deducebam a perpendiculo ad difiantiam quail pedum<br />
fix, idque fecundurn planum aciei unci perpendiculare, ne annuhs,<br />
ofcillante pendulo, fupra aciem unci ultro citroque laberetur,<br />
Nam pun&urn fiufpenfionis, in quo annulus uncum tangit, immotum<br />
manere debet, Locum igitur accurate notabam, ad quem de0<br />
duxeram pendulum, dein pendulo demiiro notabam alia tria loca ad<br />
qua redibat in fine ofcillationis prim%, kcunda ac tertia. Hoc re-.<br />
petebam &Pius, UE loca illa quam potui accuratifflme invenirem.<br />
Turn pyxidem plum bo & gravioribus, qw ad manus erant, me.--<br />
tallis implebam., Sed prius ponderabam pyxidem vacljam, una<br />
cum parte fli qua: &cum pyxidem volvebatur ac dimidio part%<br />
=liqux que inter uncum & pyxidem pendulati tendkbatur.<br />
(Nam fhn tenfum dimidio ponderis fui pendulum a perpendiculo<br />
digreflum fernper urget.) Huic ponderi addebam pondus A’eris<br />
quem pyxis capiebat. Et pondus totum erat quail pars.feptuage-<br />
6ma.okha pyxidis metalllorum plenx, Turn quoniam pyxis meallorum
Cn?IA MATHEMATIcA.<br />
“93<br />
tdlorulu plcna 3 pondeye ho tendelldo filum, augcbat Iongit&i- LIT3Eii<br />
Jlern pcnduli, contrahebam filum ut l)enduli j3t-n o&h-&s eadem SE~TJNIJLJ~+<br />
efit longitude ac prius. Ikh pendulo ad locum prima notarum<br />
uetra&o nc dimiffo, numerabam o~illationes qunfi fkptuaginta &<br />
Eeptem, donec pyxis ad locum fecundo notatum rediret, totidemque<br />
fubindc dotlee pyxis ad Iocum tcrtio notntum rediret, atque<br />
rurhs totidcm do1lcc pyxis rediru ho attjngeret locum quartum.<br />
Wndc conclude quad refifientia tota pyxidis plcnz flon majoren<br />
hab~bat proportionem ad refiflentiam pyxidis vacua quam 78 ad<br />
77. Nnm fi zqualcs effcnt ambarum refifienrizc, pyxis plena oh.<br />
vim hnm infitam feptuagics & o&ics majorem vi infita pyxidis<br />
vacutr, morum hum ofhllatorium canto diutius confervare deberet<br />
) atque adeo compleris t&per ofcillationibus 78 ad loca ilta.<br />
notata redire. Rediit x.lrcm ad eadcm completis okillationibus 77.<br />
Deii.guct igitur A relificntiam pyxidis in ipfius fh’upcrficie exter-.<br />
na, & 13 rcfificntiam pyxidis vacua in partibus internis; & ii rcfifientix<br />
corporum zquivclocium in partibus internis fint ut materia,<br />
fcu nwmerus particularurn quibus refifiirur: erit 78 x3 refiftentia<br />
pyxidis plcn;r: in ipfius partibus intcrnis: adcoque pyxidis vacux<br />
rcfiitcntia tota A +-B erit ad pyxidis plenaz refif’knciam totam<br />
A +78 W ut 77 ad 78, & divifim A +B ad 77 13, UC 77.ad I><br />
indcque A + B ad I3 ut 77 x 77 ad I, & divifim A ad B ut 5928<br />
ad x. Efl: igitur refifientia pgx,idis vacurr: in part&us internis..<br />
quitlquies miliies minor quam ejufdem refifientia in cxterna fiperficie,<br />
& amplius. Sic vero difjjutamus ex Hypothefi quad major<br />
itia refiitentia pyxidis pkn~, non ab alia aLqua caufa latente<br />
oriatur, fed ab aE$one fola Fluidi alicujus fibtilis in merallum..<br />
iJ.lClUi-hl*<br />
J--Jot experimenturn recitavi memoricer. Nam charra, in‘qua il:<br />
Jud alliquando defcripkram, intercidit. Wnde fra&as quardam nu+merorum<br />
parteS ) quz memoria exciderunt, omittere compulfiie~,<br />
fum. .F=Jam omnia dcnuo tenrare non vacat. Prima vice, cum un-.<br />
co infirm0 ufus effem, pyxis pkna citius retardabarur. Caufam<br />
quErendo, reperi quad uncus infirmus cedebat ponderi py$dis, &c<br />
ejus ofiillationibus obkquendo in paws omnes AeQebaturO arae.<br />
barn igitur uncum firmum , ut: punRum fXpenfionis immorum m2h.<br />
zIGret & tune cmnia ita. evenerunt: uti Eupra dei’cripfimus.
!%‘~oPOsITIO XxX11. THEO:REhl‘A XXVI.<br />
Corpora fimilia. Q- fi,militer &x1 tempoGbus proportion,ali4us inxer<br />
fe fimiliter moveri dice, quorum fitus ad iwicem in fine rem-<br />
m&3’, cum a!t$rius partdculis correfpogdentibus conferatltur,<br />
de te,m.pora erunt proyorriwalia, in quibus fimiles 8s proportion+<br />
Ies, Figurarum fimilium partes a particulis corrc@ondentibus d,e..<br />
kribul? tur. Jgitur ii duo ht ejufmodi Syfkmata~ particulll: carrefpqnden,tes,<br />
05 fimilirudincm incx,ptorLjm m,otuum, pergent% fi,<br />
Aliter moveri ufque, donec fibi rn~ut~~o occurrant, Nam 4 nullis<br />
agltantur.viribus?%rogredientur uniformiter in.lineis r&is per mo-<br />
;$us ,Leg. T. ‘2; v~rrbus aliqu”ibus.k mup~o agitant, & yires illx finr:<br />
-ut particularum correfpondentium diametri inverfe & quadrata velocitatum<br />
dire&i* quoniam particularurn &us funt firnile & vires<br />
.proportipnales, vlres tota: quibus particule correlrpondentes agi-<br />
:WXUt~3 cX vlrlhls fiIlgUlls +$tantibus (,per Lcgum Corollarium
PRINC’XPII;cI M.ATMEMATIc~. 295<br />
fecundurn ) compoh ) fimib hbebunt detci’minationes, perin- GIBER<br />
*de.ac fi ctntra inter parciculas fimiliter fita re.fi?iCerC$nt j & erunt sECU NDu%<br />
vires illx totx ad inviccm ut vircs fingulx componenEes, hoc efi,<br />
,ut correfpondentium particul~rum dlametri in-clerk, s;: quadrata<br />
9velocitatum dire&e : 8~ propwrea efficient ut correfpondentes par-<br />
“ticulx figuras fimiles defcribere pergant. Hxc ita fe habcbunt per<br />
Coral. I.~ & 8 Prop. lvr Lib. I. di mode centra illa quiefcant.<br />
Sin moveantur, quoniam ob tranflationum fimilitudinem, fimilcs<br />
,Mane.nx eorum fisus inter Syfiematum particulas; Gmiles inducentur<br />
mu&ones in figuris quas particuls defcribunt. Similes igitur<br />
Grunt corre$ondentiw-n & fimilium particularum morus UCque<br />
ad occtirfus 1110s primes, & propcerea fimiIes occurfus, & fimiles<br />
.reflexiones, ‘8~ fubinde (per jam oiienfa) fimiles mows inter<br />
fe donec iterum in fi mutuo inciderint, & Gc deinceps in in-<br />
corpora duo quxvis, -qux fimifia fint & ad<br />
.Syfiematurn ~pa~iculas correfpondentes fimiliter fita, i,nter ipfas<br />
.t~~poribus -pgoporYioii$libus fimilieer mov.eri incipiant , fintque<br />
earutfl .tiw@udi-nes kz denfieates ad invicem UJ magnitudines ac<br />
den~t~tes:corre~~olldentium particularurn : haze pergent temporibus<br />
.p~6porcionalibus kniliser .moveri. Eil enim eadem ,.racio pnrtium<br />
majorum Syflematis utriucque atque particularum,<br />
Coral. 2. Et fi fimiles & fimiliter pofitx .SyRematu.m partes om-.<br />
nes quiefcant inter fk: & earum &x,.-qua cxteris majores lint, &<br />
*$bi mutuo in ucroque Syfiemate corre’fpondcant, kcundum lineas<br />
fimilirer ?i tas:$$ cum qotu u wunque maveri incipian t : hx iin&s<br />
fn :I$@+ ~yft;etnih~& ptiidus exkitabrnt motL!s, &,pergent<br />
inter ipfis ty@orikys prqp‘ortionalibus~ ,fim&ter moveri> argue.<br />
adeo fpatia &+nietris fiuis praportionalia defcribere.<br />
p R OP.0 S I T I 0, -~X~II~.<br />
‘YF- H E 0 REM e XXVII.
y,, ‘i ;,: > -; 6 i<br />
I)riol*iS<br />
a\ltem gc”crjs rciiLh3lt.k f%nt ad invkem ut v&s to&? IIICIcw4<br />
!‘dl, i’ ~1 Criccs a qu~l.~us oriilntur, 1 ‘d elk, ut vires totz acceleratrices & quanrlrnCcs<br />
tll:accri;c in partibus correipondentibus; hoc efi (per Hytli,,t~lclin)<br />
Ilc quadracrz velocitatum dir&k & diftantiz particuh-<br />
;lllll c~trr~l~~~*~dc~l~illn~ inw3-fc & quancirares mare& in partrbus<br />
coi-r~lj,~nde~~tii~~s dm&e : ideoque (cum difiantk particularum Sy-<br />
I$C~~~IS unius fint ad difiatrrlas correi@ndentes pmhkmm ahrlw5,<br />
Ilt Jiamcrcr particula: vel partis in Syfiemate pricxe ad diametrum<br />
particulru vel partis correrporldentis in aho, & quantita-<br />
KS m3ccri:C hc UC denficates partium SC cubi diametrorum) refii’rcntr;t”<br />
liwc ad invicem ut quadrata velociratum & quadrata diam~twrum<br />
& denfitarcs parcium Syltematum. $i$ E. 59. Pofierloris<br />
gcncris refit?entia iunt ur reflexionum correfpondentium nu..<br />
mc;i & h-es conJuwCtim. Numeri autem reflexionum funt ad in.<br />
viccm ut velocicates parrium correfpondentium dire&e, & fpatia<br />
~nrcr edrum reflexiones inverk. Et vires reflexionum fint ut ve-<br />
!ucic;iccs & m~gnitudines & detlfitares partium correijpondentium<br />
conjun~im ; sd eR, ut velocitates & diatietrorum cubi & denfit&<br />
.ses parrium. Et conjunQis his omnibus rationibus, refi&nt&<br />
pwtium correfpondentium funt ad invicem u t quadrata v&-gil<br />
wn 8~ quddraca diametrorum<br />
CC Iii. 53.<br />
SC denfitates partium conjun&im,<br />
COW’. r. -Igitur ii Syfiemata illa fint Fluida duo EIafiica ad<br />
nwdwm Aeris, Ss partes eorum quiefcant inter fk: corpora autem<br />
duo iimilia & partibus Auidorum quoad magnitudinem & denfitarem<br />
proportionalia, & inrer partes illas fimiliter yofita, kcundum<br />
Iineas i&liter pofiCas Ltcunque twoiiciantur : vire? -- -- aute!nl ---_-_- acce-<br />
‘hatrices, quib& particuk Jhidbruh Ce mu&o. a&tank.. -^-‘J ikit ut<br />
corpvrum projeQorum diametri: .inverfe, 8~. tiuadra’tt T Aocitatum<br />
dir&o : corpora ilfa temporibus prOporcinn;lihrl-~,n;lpn<br />
hnt motus in Fluid& SL. fpatia fimilia ac : diamfwis __-_____- fuis proportionaha<br />
dcfcriben t.<br />
Gor@l. 2. Proinde in codem Fluido projeEtile’velox,re~itenriam paritur<br />
quz 4% in duplicara ratione velocitatis quam proxime,<br />
Nam<br />
G vires, quibus particulz difiances k lnutuo agit+nt, augerenttir in<br />
duplicata ratione velocitatis, refifientia fokt in’&&m ratione duphcata<br />
acwace 5 ideogue in Media, cujus partes ab invicem difian~<br />
ocs fcfe viribus nullis agitaqt, refifientia .ef% in duplicata Iratione vec$$i<br />
accurate. Sunto sgitur Media kria A, .L?, C & p&bus<br />
mhhs a aqudibus Lk fccundum diRantias azquales regulariesr<br />
i<br />
diSp&
dlfpofitis confiantia. Partes Me&rum A & B fuviant fc muruO<br />
virlbus purr: fint ad invicem ut r & Y, illrr M~~ii c ejufino- s ,,“LYT,‘ks.<br />
di viribus omnino defiituantur. Et fi corpora quaruor azqualia<br />
‘fD, E, p, G in his Mediis moveantur, priora duo a 8~ E in prioribus<br />
duobus A & B, si: altera duo F & G in tertio c j Gtque velo&as<br />
corporis 2) ad velocitatem corporis E, & velocitas corporis<br />
F ad velocjtatem CQrppriS G, in fubduplicats ratione virium ‘r<br />
ad vires Y: refifientia corporis I) et-it ad refifientiam corporis E,<br />
8~ refifientia corporis F ad refiitentiam corporis G, in velocitatum<br />
ratione d&plicata ; 6-c propterea refificntia carporis ‘I> erie ad r&i-<br />
Fi;“;i”rn corporis F ut refifientia coypork E ad refifientiam corpocorpora<br />
f73 & F zqulvelocia UC & corpor;l E & Gj<br />
• Su•to<br />
& augendo velocitatcs corporum ‘9 & Fin ratione quacunque, ac<br />
diminuendo vires particularurn MediiB in eadem ratione duplicata,<br />
accedet Medium B ad formam 8~ conditioner-n Medii c pro lubihu,<br />
& id&co refifientiz corporum zqualium & aquiveIocium E<br />
& G in his Mediis, perpetuo accedenc ad zqualitatem, ita ut ealrum<br />
differentia evadat tandem minor quam data qurevis. froi+e<br />
@Llrn refifien tia corporum 2) & F’ fint ad invicem UC reiiltentiaz corporum<br />
E & G, accedent etiam haz~fimiliter ad rationem aqualitaais.<br />
Corporum igitur D & F, ubr.velocrfime moventur, refifienti&<br />
.Sunt: aequales quam proxime : & propterea cum refifientia corporis<br />
8 fit in duplicata ratione velocitatis, erit refif’tentia corporis<br />
52 inpa&zm ratione quam proxime.<br />
pIg& lgitur corporis in Fluid0 quovis Elaltico velociffrme<br />
?rrii?ii fere eit: refifientia .ac ii partes Fluidi viribus fuis<br />
ceutrifugis defiituerentur, feque mutuo non fugerent: G modo<br />
Fluidi vis Elafiica ex particuIarum viribus centrifugis oriatur, &<br />
velocitas adeo magna fit ut vires non habeant Otis temporis ad<br />
agendum.<br />
CQ&. 4. Proin& cum,,refiRentia fimihum & aquivelocmm cotporbm,<br />
in Media cujus partes difiantes k mutuo non fugrunt, fint<br />
ut quadrata diametrorum 5 funt etiam aquivelocrum & celerrime<br />
nnotorum corporum refifientiz in Fluid0 Elafiic? ut quadrata<br />
diametrorum quam proxime.<br />
co,&, 5. Et cum corpora fimiha, zquaha 6- SquiVelock in<br />
Mediis ejufdem den&G, quorum partida: fe MUtUO non fUgiunt,<br />
five particuls ik fint plures & minores, five paucloref tk<br />
majores, in zqualem materig quantltatem temporlbus aqualrbus<br />
i+r~gant, eique aqualem m quantitatem imprimant, & viciffh
DE MOTU<br />
ConPoRu~~I.
PRINCIPHA MATHE~~~ATI[cA, 233<br />
mittantur perpendiculares B E, a> L, & vis qua particula hledii, Llnl?X<br />
fkcuadum re&am FB oblique incidendo, d;iobum ferit in 6, eritS~cr$: DVS.<br />
ad vim qua parcicula eadcrn Cylindrum 43 .NG;,Q\ axe AC I circa<br />
C_;lobum dekripttm~ perE”e”dicularitcr feriret in L, ut LD ad<br />
I, B vel B E ad 8 C. Rurfits eflicacia hujus vis ad movendum<br />
Globum fecundum incidentisfiw plagamE’~3 -vcl AC, efi ad ejuI:<br />
dem efficaciam ad movendum Globwn kcundum plagam decerminationis<br />
f%s, id cfi, hzundum plagam r&x BC qua Globum dire&e<br />
urger, ut B E ad Be. E.r: conjirdl-is rationibus, effkacia<br />
particulx, in Globutn kcundum ~&am F B oblique incidentis, ad<br />
xnovendum eundem fecundurn plagam incident& hz, et? ad efficaciam<br />
particuh ejufdem fecundum eandem re&am in Cylindrum<br />
perpendicuhiter incidentis, ad ipfium movcnduril in plagam eandem,<br />
ut BE quadraturn ad BC quadraturn. Qare fi ad Cylindri<br />
balm circularem NAO erigacur perpendiculum b HE, & fir<br />
BE quad<br />
b E aqualis radio AC, & b H 3zqualis -c-T: erit bHad bE<br />
ut eEe&us particula in Globum ad effe&um particula in Cylindrum.<br />
Et proptcrea folidum quad $ reBis o’mnibus b N occupatur<br />
erit ad folidum quad j re@is omnibus b E occupatur, ut<br />
effe&us particularum omnium in Globum ad effe&um parricyT<br />
hum omnium in Cylindrum. Sed folidum prius eft Parabolors<br />
vertice C, axe CA Sr here retio CA defcriprum , & {olidum<br />
pofierius efi Cylindrus Paraboloidi circu’mkiptus: & noturn k!.I<br />
quod Parabolois fit femifis cylindri ; circirrn$rtipti: Ergo VIS<br />
rota ,.Mtidii ‘in ‘GlobtiiPn eR dupIo,~hinor c!pra,m’+hdem vis tota<br />
i:n Qlindrum, Et propterea fi partickhz~ Medii quiefc&ht, 8-z<br />
cylindrus zc Globus tiqukli cum velocitate moveieritub, foret refifientia<br />
Globi duplo minor quam refitientia Cylindri. L&B. 59.<br />
. ! : ( Scbolium.<br />
. ‘<br />
~~~elrlm~iEibd~ i;~~~r~-iliaE int~r.~Ce.ii;lol,, c: 1 . ’)’<br />
.d& t;&$&&&i* c*m’ja&,,a, jj
30s PEIILOSOPMI~ NA<br />
nz MOTV axis ~1; vcrfus 13 progredientium frufiorum nlhirne refiitatur : bi-<br />
C-OR ~011 UM feca altitudinem 0 2) in R& produc 0 2 ad S UC fit $&S squalis<br />
gC, & erit S vertex cConi cujus frufium quaeritur.<br />
Unde obirer, cum angulus C’SB iernper fit acutus, conkquens<br />
efi, quad fi Eolidum ADB E convolucione bgurx Elllpticz vel<br />
Q)v&sADBE circa axem AB h&a genererur, & cangatur figurn<br />
generans A re&is tribus FG, GH, kiI in pun&~s 8; U 6r 1, ea<br />
]ege Ut GH fir perpendlcuiaris ad axcm in punL?o contaLCtus B,<br />
& FG, HI cum eadem GH contincant anguIos FGU, BSXI<br />
graduum 13 5 ‘0 folidum, qwd convolutionc figurle ~2~52 J’GHI&<br />
circa axem eundem CB generatur, nzinus retifiirur quam iblidum<br />
prius; fi modo utrumque fecundurn plagam axis hi AB progrcdiatur,<br />
& utriufque, terminus B pracedac. C&at-n quidem propofitionem<br />
in con.Bruendls Navibus non inutilem futuram cff k ccnko, 1<br />
Qod fi Figura 59 NFG<br />
ejufmodl fir curva UC, ii ab<br />
ejus pun&o quovis N ad<br />
axem AZ3 demittatur perpendiculum<br />
NM, & A pun-<br />
&o dato G ducatur re&a<br />
GR qua2 parallela fit re&az<br />
&warn t an g enti in iIT, &<br />
‘axem prod&urn &et in<br />
..I?, fuerit MN ad G R ut<br />
GR cub ad +BR,x.GB~:<br />
xc<br />
Solidurn quad. figuraz hujus revolutione circa axem A&% faQa de.,<br />
fcribitur, 10: Me&o. raro praedrtio ab A verfus B movendo, minug<br />
refifietur quam ahd quodvis eadcm. lorigitudine & latitudine defiriptum<br />
I Solidum circuhre..
PRINCII’IA MATHEM.ATIcr:A, 30r<br />
Q&bus vel Cylindrus incidir, vi rcflexionis quam maxima rcfiliant.<br />
it cum refiflentia Globi (per Propofitioncm noviffimam) fit duplo SE’~:::“P~~IJS.<br />
minor quam refiiteatia Cylindri, Sr Globus fit ad Uylmdrum ut<br />
duo ad tria, & Gylindrus incidwdo pcrpendiculariter in particulas<br />
jpfifquc quarn maximc rcfleCtcndo, duplarn fui ipfius vctocitatcm<br />
ipiis commur~icet : Cylindrus quo tempore dimidiam longitudinem<br />
axis iui dckribit communicabit mown particulis qui fit ad torum<br />
Cylindri motum ut dcrlfitas Medii ad denfitacem Cylindri 5 & Gtobus<br />
quo tempore totam longitudincm diamecri fief dei‘cribit, corn..<br />
municabit mown cundcm particulis; & quo tcmporc duas tcrtias.<br />
partcs diametri he dekribit camnwnicabit motum PwricuIis qu.i<br />
iit ad totum Globi mown ut denfita~ Mcdii ad deniitntcm Globi.,<br />
Et proptcreaGlobus rcfiitentiam patltur clua fit ad vim qua totus,<br />
ej\ls motes v.cl auferri pofit ~1 generari quo tempore duas, terrias,<br />
partcs diamctri fuzz deicribit,,, ut denfitas Medii ad denjitatcm<br />
Globi,<br />
C&J. di Ponamus quad, particulx Mcdii in Globum vel Cylin-+.<br />
qJrum9inciden tes .non refI&antur i &: Cylindrus incidcndo pcrp~~<br />
&&riter in part&h fimpiicein fuam whcitatcm ipfis .commu~<br />
n&bit,. ideoque rcfiflentiam patitw duplo minorcm quam* in priore<br />
cafil, & refifientia Globi crit ctiam duplo minor~quam, prius.,<br />
&J. 3d Ponamus, quad particuIz.Medii vi rcflexionis ncque m;z- I<br />
xima neque nulla, fed mediocri aliqwa refihant a Globe 5 & rcfiz<br />
fientia Globi erit in cadem ra tionc smcdiocri irl ter rcfifientiam im:<br />
prim0 caCu & refifienti;\m.in f&undo. 4,-g, 1,<br />
Coral. I. Ehc fi.Cllobus & parcicula Gut inkhire. dura* .& vi omni’<br />
elafiica & propterea etiani vi’ omni rcffkxionis dcfiicuta: re;<br />
fifienda Clobi erit ad vim qua totus cjus mows vel auferri pofic~<br />
vel gcnerari, quo tempore Globws qxratuor terclas partcs .&am&:.<br />
fin dcfcribic, ut ,.d.enGtas,Medii ad ldenfitarem Globi+<br />
Cord. z. Refifieqtia Globi:,. cxteria. paribus, efi in duplicara ,r;kn<br />
tione valocithsr<br />
C~~QZ, 3. Refifientia Globi, ( cxtcris parihs,. efi in dup+ata. ram<br />
Gone diamctri.<br />
CO&. 4.” Refifientia Globi, cateris paribus, CR ut dcnfitas &jed$,<br />
Cwol. f* ReGfientia Globi efi in rationcquz componitur ex dn4<br />
phta ratiome velocitatis~ &, dwplicata, ratiome diametri, & ,ratione,<br />
etenfitatis Mediii
i cum ejus refiflentia fit expoili pots@,<br />
1)~ MOTU<br />
CD~PORUM Sit AB tempus quo Globus per reiikntiam ~‘IXUTI ur$krmit& ,conq<br />
tinuaeam toeum Iixim IllOtLlill amittere<br />
potefi. ACT AB erigantur per- \<br />
~~IKI~CL~ZI AD, LK. Sitqw BC<br />
IIIO~US ille tow, & per pLmfiUln C<br />
Afymptotis Aa, AB dekribatur<br />
Hyperbola CF. Producatur .h’B ad<br />
pun&turn quodvi Erigatur pcrpendiculum<br />
E I+ erbolx occurrens<br />
in F, CO arur parallelogrammum<br />
CB E G, 8-z agatur A’$’<br />
ipfi B C ‘occurrens in ~7. Et ii Globus ternpore quovis BE, motu<br />
G-10 prima B C uniformiter continuaro, rn Medio non refifiente defcribat<br />
I‘patium C B E G per aream qaralleIogrammi expofitum,‘idetn<br />
in Media reiiitente deknbet fpatmm CB E J’ per aream JJyperbolaz<br />
expoficum, & motus ~JUS 111 Fne temporis illius exponetnr<br />
per Hyperbok ordinatam I3 F, amifi inow* ejus .parte f?C,. JQ<br />
refiitentia ejus in fine temporis ejufdem e etur per longitu&.<br />
nem BH, amiffa refifientiat: parte c’& nt hEC omnia per<br />
Corol. I. Prop. v. Lib. 11.<br />
, -(I:<br />
Coral. 7. Hint fi Clobus tempdre ‘J’ per refiitentiam w uniformiter<br />
continuatam,amittat motum hum totum A4 : idem Globus tern.,<br />
pore t in Media refifknte, per refiltentiam Rin duphcata veloeitatis<br />
,ratione decrefcentem; amittet motus iii JM partem<br />
’<br />
TT--y<br />
tM*.<br />
maninte’<br />
- I-<br />
TM<br />
parte Tp‘cc,9 & d&crib&, fpatium guod -fit ad ,&pa&n;, moru yni-
ncrari quo tempore Gfobus duas tercias diamecri Iiu3: partes, ve- LIBER<br />
Stare uniforrniter continuata defcribac, UE denfitas Medii ad SEC”ND”S*<br />
nfiearenl Globi, fi mode Globus & parcicuk hIcdii fint iilmme<br />
Utica & vi n7axima reflefiendi polleant: quodque hc vis fir<br />
plo mhor ubi Globus & particulz Medii hunt infinite dura &<br />
refleaendi prorfus delticuta. In Mediis autem continuis qualia<br />
it Aqua, Okurn calidum, & Argentum vivum, in quibus Globus<br />
n incidit immediate in omnes fluidi particulas refifientiam gene-<br />
,tes, kd premit tanturn proximas particulas Sr hx premunc alias<br />
hze alias, refifientla efi adhuc dupio minor. Globus utique in<br />
ufmodi, Medlis fIuidiffkiis refifienciam patitur quz elt ad vim<br />
z totus, ejus motus vel tolli poflit vel generari quo ternpore,<br />
tu it10 urliforrniter continu,ato, partes o&o tertias diametri fuu;l:<br />
kribatj ut denfitas Mkdii ad denfitatem Globi. Id quod in k-<br />
:ntibus conabimur oftendere.<br />
:it AC522 B vas cylindricum,. AB ejus orificium dilperius3 .CZZJ<br />
dum horizonti par$Jelum,, E F fbramen circuhe in medio<br />
di, G cent rum. foraminis,’ ,&T-G H axis cyIindri”horizooti~ pwidicularis,<br />
Et .‘concipe-c~l;i~d~urn-‘E;la~<br />
A 1> RB ejufdem cfk, latituditiis<br />
I cavitate vafis, & axem; lundeti ha-<br />
3, & uniformi cum mOtu perpetuo<br />
:endere, 6~ partes ejus quam. primum<br />
nguni fu@erficiem AB Iiq~lefkre, &<br />
quam converfis gravitate fua defluere,<br />
as5 & catara&am vel c;alumnam aqua2<br />
1 NFE N1 cade’ndo f%kya& & per<br />
men E F tranfire, idemque adkquate<br />
lere. Ea vero fit uniformis velbci-<br />
$a&$‘* ‘dWIebdentis tif &A aqua con-<br />
ZE in cik”c&6 2’B;‘quam aqua caden--<br />
SC cz$i I-ii.0 detiritiendo akicudinem<br />
acquirkre pot&,; 82 jaceaiii? 1+H Sr HG in dir&urn,, &. pet+<br />
&uni: Izducatur re&a K 2; h@izonbi praUeIa. & lateritius ,gla- _
mode d&metros re6k dimenh fiim. Parabam utique lamiia& E I I3 P. It<br />
pkmam pcrcenuem i! mcdiq perforatam, exifhytx circuhris fora.. secu ~uu6‘<br />
minis’ diarnctro partlum qumque otiavarum digiti. Et ne vena<br />
aqua exilientis cadendo aecckraretur & acceleratione redderctur<br />
angixlIiorP ham iaminam non fundo fed lntcri vafis affixi Cc, II@<br />
vena illa egrcdcretur kcundum lineam hc4rizonti parallelam. &in<br />
ubi vas aqu;w: plenum effet, aperui fornmw ut aqua efllueret; &<br />
veil,?: d$yecer, ad diflantiam quafi dinaidii digiti 3 foraminequam<br />
accuratlhme menhrata, prodiit partium viginti & unites quadrag&-<br />
Marurn digiti. hat igitur diameter foraminis hujus circularis a$<br />
diamctrum VCYKIZ ut zf ad ZI quamproxime, Per experimenta vero<br />
WntIat quad quanriras aquz qutr: per foramen circulare in fundo<br />
vafis fafium emuit, ca cl* qu;u, pro diametro vent, cum velocitare<br />
praedi&a efiIuere d&et.<br />
In fequcntibus igitur, piano foraminis parallelurn duci inteIIiga-<br />
ILK planurn aliud fupcrius ad diltantiam diametro foraminis azqua-.<br />
lcm vel paulo majorem & foramine majorc pertufum, per quad<br />
utique vcna cadat qu:': adxquate impleat ;<br />
[<br />
foramcn infcrius E F, acque adco cujus<br />
diameter fit ad diametrum foraminis in-<br />
Be<br />
ferioris ut 2 7 ad 21 circiter. Sic enim<br />
vcna per foramen infcrius perpendicu- l< i . . ...I_....<br />
*. . .. . . ..-I,.,,,,<br />
..:<br />
Jariter tranfiibic; & quantitas aqux ef- A i.<br />
fluentis, pro magnitudine foraminis hujus,<br />
ea crit quam i’olutioProblcmatis poilulat<br />
quamproxime, Spatium vero quad<br />
planis duobus & vena cadelIte clauditur,<br />
pro fundo vafis haberi potek Sed ut<br />
Colutio Problcmatis fimplicidr fit Sr magis<br />
Matl~emntica, pwfiat adhibere planum<br />
folum inferius pro flmdo vafis, Sr C scil? l!J<br />
fingerc quad aqua qua per glaciem ceu per infundibulum dcflucbat><br />
& 2 vafc per foramcn 238’ egrediebatur, motum Chum perpetuo<br />
f&vet 8~ glacies quietem ham eciamfi in aquam fluidam<br />
rchlvatur4<br />
G&s, 2, Si foramcn 2Z.F non fit in medio fundi vafis, fed fundum<br />
alibi pcrforetur : aqua cflluct: eadem cum velocitatc ac prius,<br />
ii modo eadem fit foraminis magnitude. Nam grave majori quidcm<br />
tcmpare dckcndit ad ean profunditatem pcs lineam oh<br />
liquam quam per hleanr pcrpe icularcm, kd dckendendo candcm
nE hqoru den] velocitatem acquirit in utroque ca& ut G%G~~ demon-<br />
CORPORU~l*<br />
Jfravit,<br />
&J. 3, Eadem efi aqua: velocitas ef8uentiS per foramen in Iatere<br />
vatis. Narn fi foramen parvum iit, UC IIlt~~VidlU~ iI7tcX fiiperficle,~<br />
AB t;r IC’L quoad fedurn evanefcat, 8~ vena aqu;\: horizonraliter<br />
exilientis figuram Parabolicam eft‘ormet : ex latere r&o<br />
llujus ]Esarabol3: colligetur, quod velocitas aquz effluentis ea fit<br />
quam corpus ab aqua in vafe itagnantis altitu$ne Hq vel .?G cadendo<br />
acquirer% potuiffet. Fa&o utique experlfl+o lvVe;ni. quo&<br />
fi altitude aquz fiagnantis fupra foramen e*f’t vl@ntl dr,grtorum<br />
& altirudo foraminis fupra planum horizontr. p?ra~lelUm .e'rec quoque<br />
viginti digitorum, vena aqua profilientrs lncrderet In planum<br />
illud ad difiantiam digitorum 37 circiter a perpendiculo quod in<br />
planum illud a foramine demittebatur captam. Na[n fine reGfien.<br />
tia vena incidere debuiffet in planum illud a! difiantwn digitorurn<br />
p, exiaente venz Parabolicaz Iatere re&o dlgitorum 80.<br />
C;ZS. 4, Qnnetiam aqua efluens, fi furfun kratur, edem ogreditur<br />
cum velocitate. Afcendit enim aqua e$ient.is vena parva<br />
motu perpendiculari ad aqua in vafe fiagnagtls altltudinem GM.<br />
vet. 6’1, nifi ouatenus afcenfks eius ab aerk rdifientia &wantuV<br />
lum impediattk; ac proindeea e&uit cum velocitate: qua; ah &<br />
titudine illa cadendo acquirere potuifiet.<br />
Aqua2 itagnantis particula unaqUZCl%le<br />
undique premitur xqualiter, per Prop.<br />
XI x. Lib. II,. Sr prefioni cedendo zquali<br />
impetu in omnes partes fertur,, five - ^ de- SC<br />
kendat per foramen in FL&O valfisa, ii~ A<br />
horizontallter eMuat per foramen,in ejw<br />
latere, five egrediatur in canalem & inde<br />
akendat per foramen parvumin fuperiore<br />
canalis parte fa‘aaum. Et vel:ocitatem qua<br />
aqw e@uie, earn etk quam in, hat Propofiti0.w<br />
aflignaBvi.rnus,, non folum aatione<br />
colligitur,,kd~ eciam per experi,menta<br />
norifima jam defcripta manifefium efi. C<br />
GQ., 5~ Eadtem ei3 aqua eflkentis wlooitas Gve fi~wca. foraminis.<br />
fit cincularisi five q&uadr;ata, v.el; triangullarisi aut alria qukun$wz citi-,<br />
c&wi zqualis; N:am,velocitas. a&r;fe e&ientis non pan&t a, figusa<br />
forwinis kd ab eju, akitudine infra: planurn XC.&. ”
PRINCIPIA MATI-IEn/iATICA. 3c7<br />
mergatur, & altitude aquze flagnantis fiupra fundum vafis fit GA! : ~13 p n<br />
velo:itas quacum aqua qua2 in vafe efi, effluet per foramen E E’S EC us Ipw ;-<br />
in aquam fiagnantem, ea erit quam aqua cadendo & cafu fuo de-<br />
Ccribendo altitudinem .?I? acquirere potcfi. Nam pondus aquas<br />
omnis in vafe qua2 inferior efi fuperficic aqua2 itagnantis, fuItinebitur<br />
in zquilibrio per pondus aqua fiagnantis, ideoquc motum<br />
aqw defcendentis in vafe minime accelerabit. Patebit etiam PC<br />
hit Cafus per Experimenta, menfurando fcilicct tempora quibus<br />
aqua effluit.<br />
Carol. I. Wine ii aquas altitude CA producatur ad K, ut fir AR<br />
ad CK in duplicata ratione areas foraminis .in quavis fundi parce<br />
fa&i, ad aream circuli A B : velocitas aqua efhuentis squalis erit<br />
veloeitati quam aqua cadendo & cafu fuo defiribendo altitudinem<br />
KC acquirere poceft,<br />
Carol. 2. Et vis qua totus aquas exilientis motus generari potef?,<br />
Equalis efi ponderi Cylindrica columnar aqulr: cujus bails efi foramen<br />
E F, & altitudo z G.Z vel 2 CK. Nam aqua exiliens quo<br />
tempore hanc columnam squat, pondere fuo ab altitudine G I cadendo,<br />
velocitatem Guam qua exilit, acquirere potefi,<br />
Corot. 3. Pondus aqua totius in vafe ABZ) C, eO ad ponderis<br />
partem quz in deffuxum aquas impendicur, ut fiumma circulorum<br />
AB & E F, ad duplum circulum E F. Sit enim IO media proeortionalis<br />
inter IN & IG j & aqua per foramen E F egrediens,<br />
quo tempore gutta cadendo ab I’ defiribere poffet altitudinem IG,<br />
Equalis erit Cylindro cujus bails eR circulus E F& altitude efi 2 I G,<br />
id efi, Cylindro cujus baGs efi circulus AB & altitude efi t 10,<br />
nam circulus E F efi ad circulum A B in fubduplicata ratione<br />
altitudinis I H ad altitudinem IG, hoc efi, in fimplici ratione me.-<br />
diaz proportionalis IO ad altitudinem IG: & quo tempore gutta<br />
cadendo ab I defcribere ,poteft altitudinem II, aqua egrediens<br />
azqualis &it Cylindro cujus b&s efi circulus AB & alticudo efi<br />
2 ZH: & quo tempore gucca cadendo ab 1 per H ad G defcribit<br />
altitudinum differentiam H’G, aqua egrediens, id efi, aqua tota in<br />
iijido ABNFE M aqualis eric differentk Cylindrorum, id efi,<br />
Cylindro cujus b& eft AB & altitude 2 HO. Et propterea<br />
aqua tota in vak ABfDC eit ad aquam totam cadentem in<br />
lolido AB NFE M ut HG ad z HO, id efi, ut HO +OG<br />
ad 2H0, fku kW+IO~ad z IH. Sed pondus aqua: totius in<br />
Mido AB ALREM in aqua: defluxum impenditur : ac pro-<br />
Rr 2 inde
308<br />
inde pondus aqua totius in vafe efi ad ponderis partem qux id<br />
~!~~~~~vh~ defluxum aquzc impenditur, ut I H-t- IO ad 2 IH, atque adeo ut<br />
fllmula circulorum E E & AB ad duplum circulum IEI?<br />
&oZ. 4, Et hint pondus aqu3: totlus in vafe ki’B ‘D C, efi ad<br />
ponderis partem alteram quam fundum vafis rufiinet, ut filmma<br />
circulorum AB & EF, ad differentiam eorundem circulorum,<br />
CO&. 5. Et ponderis pars quam fundum vafis ihfiiner, efi ad<br />
ponderis partem alteram qua: in defluxum aqux impenditur,, ut<br />
difFerent.ia circulorum AB & EF, ad duplum circulum minorem<br />
EF, five ut area fundi ad duplum foramen.<br />
CO~U,!. 6. Ponderis autem pars qua fola fundum urgctur, eit ad<br />
pondus aqua: totius quz fundo perpendiculariter incumbir, ut cir-<br />
CUIUS A B ad fQmmam circulorum AB 8~ E F, five ut circulus<br />
A B ad exceffim dupli circuli AB iupra fundum. Nam ponder&<br />
pars qua fola fundum urgetur, efi ad pondus aqua totius in vafe,<br />
ut differentia circulorum AB & E F, ad iin-nmam eorundem circulorum,<br />
per Cor.4 ; & pondus aqua: totius in vafe efi ad pondus<br />
aqua totius qua: fundo perpendiculariter incumbit, ut circulus<br />
AB ad differentiam circulorum A B & E 3’. lraque ex zquo<br />
perturbate, ponderis pars qua fola fundum urgetul; efi ad pondus<br />
aqua totius quaz fundo perpendiculariter incumbit, ut circulus<br />
A B ad firmmam circulorum A ,B 6r E E vel excefllm dupli circuli<br />
AB fupra fundum.<br />
Cmd. g. Si in medio foraminis E 8’~ ~““.““““” .‘.,.1,..,.,...,...<br />
1,ocetur Circellus TL$ centro G defiri- . i I’<br />
ptus’ & horizonti @alJelus: pondus *<br />
aqu;e quam circellus ille ii&et, majus<br />
efi ponde’re rertizc partis Cylindri a-<br />
quae cujus bails efi circellus ille & altitudo<br />
efi G H. Sit enim A BNFE M,<br />
carara&a vel columna aquas cadentis<br />
axemhabens GH ut fipra, 8s congelari.<br />
inteIligatur aqua omnis in vafe, tam<br />
in circuitu catara&a quam fiipra circell~un,cujus<br />
fluiditas ad promptifflm’um<br />
,T . . .- - s3EP<br />
rx celerrlmum aquas dekenfim non requiritnr.<br />
Et. fit. T .i’Z.$ij col’umna,aquaz<br />
fupra circelluni congelaca, verticem: habens H. & alti-:<br />
cudinem< G Ho. Et q,uemadmodum aqua ,in circuitu ,catara&a conelata<br />
AIMEC, B.iVFtD convexa efi in fqperficle ,interna k?ME~A<br />
5 d\dP verfus ca~kb5kai-n. kadenkm, firC etiam hgc, c&m&~HJ&<br />
COM-
PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA. 303<br />
COllVeXa Wit verfus catara&am, Es propterea major Cone cujus ba-<br />
GS eit circellus ille F’$& altitude GH, id efi, major ter& parte ~~.~~.“:i::‘~~.<br />
Cylindri cadem bare & altirudinc dekripci, Suflillet autem circehs<br />
ik pondus hujus columnar, id elt, pondus quad pondere<br />
Coni ku tertiz partis Cylindri illius majus efi.<br />
a5bral. 8. Pondus aqua quam circellus vatde parvus CQJ $[ufiinet,<br />
akor efi pondere duarum tertiarum partium Cylindri aqux cujus<br />
bails CR circellk ille & nltittido eit MG. Nam fiantibus jam pofitis,<br />
dekribi intelligacur dimidium Sphzroidis cuj,s bafis ef2 cir-<br />
CYRUS ilk & feemiaxts five altitude efi HG. Et hx:c figura ,uqualis<br />
erit duabus tertiis partibus Cylindri illius 8.z Comprel~eI~der coluln-<br />
Ilam aquaz congelata:,‘PHR cujus pondus circellus ille Cclfiinet.<br />
Mam ut motels aqulr fit maxime dire&us, coIumm~ illius fuperficies<br />
extcrna concurrct cum baG ‘P g in angulo nonnihil acute,<br />
propterea quod aqua cadendo perpetuo acceleratur & propter accelerationem<br />
fir tenuiorj 8r cum angulus ille iit reQo minqr, hrec<br />
cdunma ad inferiores ,ejus pa’rte,s jacebit intra dimidium.Spharoid<br />
c$is,: I$A&,n yero,tur@m’acuta Fr$t f@- cafpidata, ne’ h&iiont;ilis<br />
r$ot.qs ,yqu~,,ad qerticem $p,hzrqld{F fit mfi+c velocior quam ejus<br />
~~)$k:~&2Qiit~r& v&i”us, “Et ‘iJOb“ik;iil’os’ eft &rcellus P ,&eo<br />
a&t’i6r erit vertex colum~~‘~; & cir~ellb in $finitum: diminuto, angy.hs<br />
fp -K& in infink&. diminuetur, & propterea, cdlumna jac&it<br />
intra dimidium Sphxroidis. Eit ig$uf, cqlumna, Jla kinor<br />
dimidio Sphzroidis, f&u duabus tertiis partrhus CyIindri cujus bafis.<br />
& .&elf us i$ 82 .altit,u&T~G, k& Su,fiingt ap t,em ,citcellus &rn .aqu32<br />
$&d&i I~tijus. cdlk&nz kquz$m , ~~~.,Tpo~&+aqua3. amt)ientis in :<br />
&fIuxuz-n ejus impendatur.<br />
CO&, 3, Pondus aqua quam circellus Yalde parvus 5?2 Cufb-<br />
. proxinm<br />
~- /<br />
L.EbiM A.
+~h&, pi Jecundtim longitudinem foam unif~rmiter progredhr,<br />
.yej$&&z ex auEitu we1 diminata e&s longiatudine non mutu~;<br />
~ideope eadem e/i cum refipentiu ~irculi eadem didme~ro de-<br />
Jcripi & eade% welocitate ~ecundum liheunz re&m plana zp.<br />
@B perpendhldrem progredientis.<br />
NanI Iatera Cylindri motui ejus minime opponuntur: & Cy<br />
lindrus, longitudine ejus in infinitum diminuta 3 in Circulum<br />
wxtitur,<br />
P~OPOSITIO XXXVII. THEOREMA XXIX*,
]PR.HVCIPIA MATHEhft%TI@‘A. 311<br />
Et (per Car. IO> Prop.xxxvr) G VafiS latitude fit iilfinita>ut Ii- .L~BI:N<br />
neola ~$1 evanekac & altitudines IG, NG zquentur : vis aquz SECtJ’Tr’“<br />
defluentis in circellum erir ad pondus Cylindri cujus bails efi circellus<br />
ilk ok alcitudo efi f IG, UC E Eq ad E Fq - f P$Q quam<br />
proxime. Nam vis aqua, uniformi motu defluentis per town canalem,<br />
eadem erit in circellum ‘Pg in quacunque canalis parte<br />
locatum.<br />
Claudantur jam canalis orificia E F, ST, & akendat circellus in<br />
fluid0 ui;dique compreffo & akenfu fuo cogat aquam fuperiorcm<br />
defcendere per fpatium annulare inter circellum & latera canal&:<br />
& velocitas circelli afcendentis erit ad velocitatcm aqu”:<br />
dekendentis ut Ukrentia circulorum E F & T g ad circulum<br />
‘p 2, & velociras circelli akendentis ad iiwnmam velocitaturn,<br />
hoc efi, ad velocitatem relativam aqus dekendentts qua pra+<br />
terfluit circellum afcen’dentem, ut differentia circulorum EF &<br />
‘p& ad circultrm EF, ‘five UT E Fq -T&Q ad E Fq. Sir illa<br />
velocitas relativa Equalis velocitati qua fiipra ofienfiim eR<br />
aquam .tranfire per idem fpatium annulare dum circellus interea<br />
immotns manet, id efi, ‘velocitati quam aquia cadendo & cafii fuo<br />
&&!cribendo: altitudlnem BG acq.uirere potefi: & vis aquze in circel1u.m<br />
afcendentem eadem erit ac priusr per Legum Cor. 5= id efi,-<br />
Kefifiemtia circelli afcendentis erit ad pondus C$lindri aqua cujus,<br />
bafis. eft circellusille & a,ltirudo efi t IG, nt E Bq ad E Fg-+ ‘PQ<br />
quamproxime. ‘Velocitas ctutem circdli e+ Zd. Veloci$atem quam<br />
qua ca$endb4 & cati fu.0 &kcibetid:o’ akitudineti PG acquirits,<br />
UC‘EFq-Peq adEFg.<br />
Au.gea,tu.r a.m$i$udo cantalk Sfi infinituZi3 : QE jrationes ill& inrelr;-<br />
E Fq -P&&J & E Fq; interque E Fq Sr: E Fq - 2 T,@q accedent<br />
ultimo. ad rationw zequalitacis. Et propterea Velocicas circelli<br />
ea nunc erit quam aqua cadendo Sr cafu fuo def?ribendo al-.<br />
aitud,inem dE acquirere pot& Reffientia vtro ejus zqrralrs evam,<br />
dec ponderi Cylindri: cujus. ba& efi ,circell,as ilk &, altitude diiw;lidiUrn<br />
efi a,ltictidiSs IG,. a- qua Cylindruo cadere &bet ut velocitatem<br />
circelli akendenris acquirac;. 8t hati velocitate Cylindrus,.<br />
tempore cadendi, quadi+uplu-m longitudinis fuz dekri bet, Refi-<br />
&entia awem~Cylin&iJtiac velocitate fecundurn longitudinem fuam<br />
pr.ogtedientis, -eadem efi cum Refifientia circeldi per Lemma 1~ 5.<br />
ideoque: azqu;llis, ef% Vi qua motus;*e!jus, interea dkm quad,ru@um<br />
longitudink fuuaa defkx(ibis3 gczneran: po~A% q-uamproxime.<br />
9i
,<br />
l)E Moru si longicudo Cylindri,auge?ur ~1 minuatur : HDXXW ejus rat &<br />
~onronut~’ tempus quo quadruplum longlrudinis iiw dekribic, augebitur vel<br />
minueeur in eadcm ratione 5 adeoque Vis illa qua motus au&us vel<br />
diminukus, tempore pariter au&o vel di.minuro, generari vel tolli<br />
p&it, non mucabitur ; ac proinde etiamnum azqualis efi reGfientiz<br />
C,ylindrl ‘, nam & ha2c quoque immutata manet per Lemma<br />
IV.<br />
Si d,enfitas Cylindri augeatur vel minuatur : niotus ejus ut 81<br />
46bis qua motus eodem tempore generari vel ,tolli potefi, in eadem<br />
ratione augebirur vel minuetur, Refifkntia itaque Cylindri cu.-<br />
j,nfcunq,ue eric ad Vim qua cocws ejus IIIO~US, inrerea dum qua&uplum<br />
Iongirudinis ,fi13: dekribit , vel generari pofit vel tolli, ut<br />
denfitas Evfedii ad derifitatem Cylindri quamproxime. &E.‘D,<br />
Fluidum autem comprimi debet ut fit cohnuum, continuum<br />
vero efie,& non elafiicum W prk-ffio omnis ClUX ab ejus comprefione<br />
or$ur yropagetur in infianti &, in omnes moti corporis partes<br />
zqualiter agendo, refifienciam non mutet. Prefio utique qua: a<br />
motu corporis oritur, impenditur in motum partium fluidi generandurn<br />
& ,R+fientiam treat, Preffio autem qux oritur a cornprefione<br />
fluid!, :utcunque fortis fit, ii propagetur in initanti, null<br />
]um generat motum in partibus fluidi continui, nullam omnino inducit<br />
mows mutationem; ideoque refiitentiam net au&et net miwit,<br />
Certe A6tio fluidi, quaz ab ejus compreffionc oritur, fortior<br />
effe non”poteiE in. partes pofiicas corporis moci quam in ejus partes<br />
aB,ticas, ideoque refifientiam, in hat Propofitione defcriptam<br />
minuere non poteft : & fortior non eric in partes anticas quam in<br />
pofiicas, ii modo propagatio ejus infinite velocior fit quam motus<br />
corporis preffi, Infinite autem velocior erit & propagabitur in in:<br />
&anti, ii modo fluidum fit continuum & non elafiicum.<br />
Gwol. I. Cylindrorum, qui fecundurn longitudines has in Mediis<br />
,concinuis infinitis uniformiter progrediuntur, refifientia: f’unt in ratione<br />
qua: componitur ex duplicata ratione velocitatum Sr duplicata<br />
ratione diametrorum & ratione denfitatis Mediorum.<br />
CWQZ. 2. Si amplicudo canalis non augeatur in infinitum, Sed Cy<br />
l&dr,us ,in Media quiefcente inclufo kcundum longitudinem fuam<br />
pwgredi~+ k interea axis ejus cum axe canalis coincidat : Refifien!ia<br />
?JuS erit ad vim qua totus ejw motus, quo tempore ,qua-<br />
,druplum longitudinis fuua defcribit, vel geilerari poiIi.t vel tolli,<br />
h .ratione quaz componitur ex ratione E Fq ad E E q - $ Pgq<br />
kmel
P~INCIPIA MATHEEL4TIcA. 313<br />
fimel, &’ iatiome E Fq ad E Fq i cP&)g his, & ratione denfitatis LAM p.rc<br />
sl?ccsL~u~.<br />
Medii ad denfitatem Cylindri.<br />
Cord. 3. Iifdem pofitis, & quad bgitudo L fit ad quadruplum<br />
longitudinis Cylindri in ratione qux componicur ex racione<br />
E FCp$ Pgq ad E F 4 kmel, & ratione 15 &‘q- 12 qq ad E Fq<br />
bis: refiitentia Cylindri erit ad vim qua totus ejus motus, irxerea<br />
dum Iongitudinem L defcribit, vel tolli poflit vel generari, ut<br />
denfitas Medii ad denfitatem Cylindri.<br />
In hat Propokione refifientiam invefrigavimus quz oritwr a<br />
fob magnitudine tranrvercz febionis Cylindri, negle2k.a refiitcntix<br />
parte quz ab obliquitate motuum orirl poflit. Nam quemadmodum<br />
in cacu primo Propoficionis XXXVI, o&quitas motuum quibus<br />
partes aqua in vafe, undique convergebant in foramen E IF,<br />
impedivit effluxum aqua illius per foramen: fit in hat Propofitione,<br />
obliquitas mocuum quibus partes aqua ab anteriore Cylindri<br />
termino preK’k,cedunt prefitini & undique divergunt, retardat eon<br />
rum tranfitum per loca in circuitu termini illius antecedentis ver-<br />
Eus pofieriores partes Cylin+ ‘, eficitque ut fluidum ad majorem<br />
dlifiantiam commoveatur & refifientiam auget, idque in ea fere<br />
ratione qua effluxum aquas e vafe diminuit, id efi, in ratione dup<br />
licata z 5 ad 2 I circiter. ,Et quemadmodum, in Propqficionis illius<br />
cacu primo, efFecimus ut partes aqke yerpendiculariter & niaxima<br />
copia tranfirent per foramen E,‘F, ponendo quod aqua, omnis in<br />
vak yu32 in circuitu catara&ta congelata fuerat, & cujus motus<br />
obfiquus erat & inutilis, maneret fine motu : fit in hat Propofitione,<br />
ut obliquitas motuuti tollacur, & partes aqua motu maxime<br />
dire&o tsr; brevifimo cedentes facillimum prabeant tranfitum Cylindro,,<br />
& iola maneat refifientia qw oritur a magnitudine k&ionis<br />
tranf+erfz, quzque diminui non potefi nifi diminuendo diametrum<br />
Cylindrl ‘, concipiendum ek quod partes fluidi quarum<br />
Pnotus fiint obliqui & inutiles & refifientiam creant, quiekant inter<br />
fe ad utrumque Cylindri terwiinum,<br />
& cohazreant & Cylindro<br />
H-f-----i<br />
jungantur. Sit ABCB re&an-<br />
,gulum, & ,fint A E & g J!$ a!cus F ,,;:“......“g..‘--...- ’<br />
dub Parabolici axe AB defcnpti, _ *++lz~y,T<br />
3 J .,’<br />
hxxe autem reck cpod fit<br />
tigna
uI! Mor U tium HG,defcribendum acylindro<br />
HI---IG<br />
CORPORVM. cadentedum velocitatem ~I.Kull w-<br />
quirit, UC HG ad $AB. Sint etiam<br />
c f7 & ‘z> F arcus alii duo Para- F .,:::_::--.‘--.-.-‘-..‘e<br />
bolici, axe c’ D & latere re&O<br />
*---.a...<br />
quad fir prioris lateris re&i qua-<br />
33 113<br />
druplum dekripti j St convoiutione figure circum axem E Fgeneretur<br />
folidum cujus media pars AB 13 c fit Cylindrus de quo<br />
agirnus, & parres sxtremae AB I3 & Cz) Fcontineant partes fluldi<br />
inter fe quiekences & in corpora duo rigida concrecas, qux Cy-<br />
]indro utrinque tanquam caput & caucia adhzreant E,r folldi<br />
E ~6;‘$‘.Ll, b, fecundum longitudinem axis fui FE ia partes verfus<br />
E progredientis, refifientia ea erit quamproxime quam in hat<br />
Propofitxone dekripfimus, I ‘d efi, quz rationem illam habet ad<br />
vim qua totus Cylindri motus , interea dum longitudo SAC motu,<br />
i]io umformiter contmuato dekribatur,. vel tolli pofit vel genera.rj,<br />
qudm denfitas pi1 ui d i h a b, et ad denfitatem Cylindri quamproxime.<br />
Et hat v! Refiltentia minor ege non pot& quam in, ratio& 2 ad;s,<br />
per Coral, 7. Prop. XXHVI.<br />
‘.<br />
L E M M A V.><br />
Si: Cylindhw, ,cP$lera& Spbarois, quorum latitr&aes~fht- quales,<br />
in,. madiD canalis vlindrici ‘ita locentur fiicce&;e at eorum<br />
ages cwz age canalii coincidant : b&c corpora fEum.m.<br />
aqu jer cagalens ayualiter impedient. .<br />
Nam fpaeia inter Canalem & Cylindrum, Sphzram, & Sphawidem<br />
per qua2 aqua tranfit, Sunt. aqualia : & aqua per aqJ.lalia. fpada.<br />
zqualiter: tranfit.
Eadem c& ratio corporum omnium conwxorum &C rotundo-.<br />
rum, quorum axes cum axe canalis coincidunt. Difl-‘ercntia aliqua<br />
cx major42 vel minore fri&ionc oriri potcli ; kd in his Lemmncis<br />
corpora effe :polieifima I‘upponimus, & Medii tenacitarcm & FriQiollem<br />
effe nullam, & quad partcs fluidi, quz m&bus iuis obhquis<br />
& fupcrfluis fluxum aquz per canalem pcreurbarc, impcdire, & rctardare<br />
poffunt, quiekant intier ik tanquam gclu confir%%, & corporibus<br />
ad ipCorum paws ant&s & pofiicas adhxrcant, pcrindc<br />
UE in SchoIio Propofitionis przcedentis cxpofik Agitur cnirn in<br />
Eequenribus dc rcfikntia omnium minima quam corpora rotunda,<br />
datis maximis fc&ionibus tranfverfis defcripta, habcwpoffun t.<br />
Corpora fluidis innatantia, ubi movcntur in dire&urn, cficiunt<br />
ut fluidurn ad partem anticamak-endar, ad pofiicam i‘ubfidat, pr;x-‘-<br />
Gzrtim fi figura fint obtub; & indc rcfifientiam paulo rnajorcm<br />
fenciunt quam fi capite & cauda fint acutis. Et corpora in flllidis<br />
elafiicis mota, fi ante & pok obcufk fint, fluidurn pnulo magis<br />
condcnknt ad anticam partcm Bc paulo magis relaxant ad poiEicam 5<br />
& inde refifientiam paulo majorcm kntiunt quam fi capite & cauP<br />
da fint acutis. Scd nos in his Llemmatis & Propofitiouibus non<br />
agimus de Auidis claRicis, fed de llon &&cisj non de jnfidcntibus<br />
fluido, fed dc altc immerfis. Et ubi rcfifientia corporum in Auidis<br />
non elafiicis innotcfcit, au cnda erit haze rcfikn tia aliquau t.ulum<br />
tam in fluidis elafiicisr qua K is elt Aer, quam in Kupctficictus fluid+<br />
rum fiagnantium, qualia fint maria & palucfes.
CoRPoituD’ I)RCX?OSITIO XXXVIII. THEOREMA XTxx.<br />
&z propccrea VIS 1I1a, quze tollere pofit motum omnem Cylindri<br />
interen dum Cylindrus defcribat loqgitudinem quatuor diametrorum,<br />
Globi motum omnem rollet mterea dum Globus dei’cribat;<br />
du>,s tertias partes hujw Iongitudinis, id efi, 08~ tertk ‘parees<br />
diametri proprixz. Refiitentia autem Cylindri efi ad hanc Vim<br />
quamproxime ut deniitas Fluidi ad denfitatem Cylindri vd Globi,<br />
per PrOPa XXXV I I j & Refifientia Globi ayualis efi Refifientiz Cylindri:,<br />
per Lem.v,vI,vix. &J%.D.<br />
Coral. I. Globorum, in Mediis comprefis. infinitis, refifientiaz funt<br />
in ratione quae componitur ex duplicata racione velocitatis, & duphcata<br />
ratiorle diametri, & duplicata ratione denfitatis Mediorum,<br />
Coral, 2. Velocitas maxima quacum Globus, vi ponderis fui cornparativi,<br />
in fluid0 refifientc potet? defcendere, ea efi’quam acqu&<br />
rere pot& Globus idem, eodem pondere, abcque refifientia cadendo<br />
8~ cafu fuo dekribe?do lpatium quod iit -ad quatuor tertias<br />
partes diametri fue ut denfitas Globi ad denfitatem Fluidi. Nam<br />
Globus tempore cafus f’ui, cum vclocitate cadendo acquifita, defcribet<br />
fpatium quad erir ad OQO tertias; diametri fuzz:, ut denfitas<br />
Globi ad denfitatem Fluidi 5 Sr vis ponderis motum hunt generang,<br />
erit ad vim quz motum eundem generare poflit s[uo temptire Gl&-<br />
bus oQo tertias diametri fuua: eadem velocitate defcribit, ut &nfitas<br />
Fluidi ad denfitatem Globi : ideoque per hanc ‘Propofitionem, vis<br />
ponderis aqualis erit vi Refifientlaz, & propterea Globum accele.,<br />
me non potett.<br />
Carob. 3. Data 8r den&ate Globi & veJo&$e ej,s fib: initia<br />
Motus, ut Sr denfitate fluidi cbmpref?i quie&ntis in qua Globus<br />
movetw datur ad omne rempus or: vclocitas Globi &I ejus refi.-<br />
a&a & f@bum ah eo detiriptum, per Co,roL 7a prop. xxxv.
~~)RUW~IVA MATHEhkATICA. 31~<br />
Carol. 4. Globus iu fluid0 comprefl’b quicl’ccntc e,jufdem fecum LIIJER<br />
d~nfitatis movclldo ) dimidiam motus iiri partern prius amittet SE~IJI+~U~~<br />
quam longitudincm duarum ipfius diametrorum dekripfkrit, per<br />
idem CoroI. 7.<br />
PROI’O’S~TIO XLJ :P,RqBLEMA IX.<br />
sit A pondus Globi in vacua, B’ pm&s ejus in Media refk<br />
fienre, D diameter Globi, Fd fpatium quo! fit ad $ D ut denfitas.;<br />
‘@Tobi ad denfiratem Medii, id efk, ur A ad A -B, G tknpus quo+<br />
Globus ondere .B a&que: refi,fientia ,,cadendo dekribit fpatium Fg.<br />
& H ve P ocitas quam ‘Glc$us *~IOCCC caCi fuo acquirit. Et eric I-1<br />
velocitas maxima quacum. Globus, pondere fuo B, in ,Medio refifiente<br />
poreIt defkendere,. pek f$oro!. 2> Prop. xxxv I 1 x.5 & refi-.<br />
Rentia quam Globus ea cum velocitate defcendens patitur, aqua-<br />
Es. wit ejus ponderi B : refiitentia vero quam patitur in alia quacunque<br />
velocitate , erit ad pondus B in duplicata racione velo-<br />
‘tatis hujus ad velocitatem- illam maximam G.,$ per: oral, Is,<br />
op. XXXVILI. ,;<br />
i ,,
. . .<br />
2 P’<br />
J<br />
gc efi refioentia quz oritur ab inertia mater& Fluidi.<br />
DE MOTU Ea<br />
.CDRPORUM vero qu3: oritur ab elafiicitate, tenacitate, s6 fri&ione par;tium<br />
ejus, iic invefiigabitur.<br />
Demjrtatur Globus ut pondere fU0 B ,in Flui& defcendat;<br />
k fit p rempus cadendi, idque in miuut1.s iecundis fi ternpus<br />
G in .minucis -fecundis habeatur. Invenlatur numerus abfo-<br />
lwus N qui congruit fitque L,<br />
]Log&hmus numeri NT g . & ,veIocitas cadcndo acquifita crit<br />
-<br />
w- I ZPF<br />
NTI H[ ~ alcitudo autem defcripta erit -c- .X,386294~6r t I? +<br />
+,60~170186LF. Si Fluidum kc: srgfundum fit, negli.gi pot&<br />
terminus 4jbOsI7OI86L F; & erit -G--+- X,38629+361.1 p altitudo<br />
&fcripta quamproxime. Patem hzc per Eibri fecundi Prdpo-<br />
Grionem nonam & ejus Corollaria, czx Hypothefi quad Glo.<br />
bus nullam aliam patiatur refifientiam nifi qux oritur ab inertia<br />
materi Si verb aliam infuper refifientiam patiatur, d&enfus<br />
erit tardier, & ex retardatione innotefcet quantitas hujus re-<br />
43len tiaz.<br />
Ut corporis in Fluid0 cadentis velocitas & defcenfus facilius ina<br />
notefcant compo’lii Tabulam fequentem, cujus columna prima<br />
denotat tempora defcenfus, kcunda exhibet velocitates cadendo<br />
acquifitas exifien te velocita te maxima I oooooooo~ tertia exhibet<br />
f’atia temporibus illis cadendo defcripta, exifiente 2 F fpatio quod<br />
corpus tempore G cum velocitate maxima dekribit, & quarta ex-<br />
Iribet fpatia iifdem terporibus cumz ;Iocitate maxima defcripta,<br />
Humeri in quarta cohmna Tunt p & fubducendo numerum<br />
g,3862944 -4,do~1702 L(, inveniuntur numeri in tertia cohmna, &<br />
multiplicandi lint hi numeri per Cpatium F ut habeantur lrpatia<br />
cadendo dekripta. Qu,inta his i&per adje&a efi columna, qua<br />
qcontinet fpatia defcripta iifdem tempo&us a corpore, vi ponder&<br />
Ski ,wnparativivi BJ in vacua cadcnte.<br />
’
Tempuru<br />
P<br />
Spat&z caden-<br />
~$6 defir+ta<br />
in ,fltLidL?<br />
Spatia mutt7<br />
muximo de-<br />
Jcripta.<br />
o,oor G<br />
o,oi @<br />
O,I G<br />
0,2 G<br />
033 G<br />
&4 G<br />
035 G<br />
0,6C<br />
097 G<br />
0,8 G<br />
O,P G<br />
IG<br />
ZG<br />
3G<br />
;G”<br />
66<br />
7G<br />
8G<br />
9G<br />
1OG<br />
99993%<br />
399 967<br />
9966799<br />
vJ737r32<br />
2913I261<br />
3799489(-j<br />
46211716<br />
f3704PY7<br />
6~36778<br />
6G403;677<br />
7x629787<br />
Vww6<br />
9Qov@<br />
995OF47f<br />
77932930<br />
99390920 1<br />
7999w7 I<br />
99999834<br />
99999980<br />
99999997<br />
99399993~<br />
o,ooooo I F<br />
O,OOOI F<br />
wo99834 F<br />
0,039736f F<br />
0~088G81 j F<br />
O,I5 59070F<br />
0,240~ 290 F<br />
0,3~02706 F<br />
~4 54 ~405 F<br />
0,58~5071 F<br />
037 196609 F<br />
~86~ 5617 F<br />
2,6jooo5 I F<br />
4,6186570&<br />
6,6143 765 F<br />
8,613 7~64 F’<br />
o,6wvgF<br />
226137073 F<br />
4,6137WPF<br />
G,6r37Q57F<br />
8,6137056F<br />
0,002 F<br />
0,02 F<br />
OJ’?I?<br />
~4 F<br />
o,ci F<br />
0,~: F<br />
T,OF<br />
WF<br />
1,4F<br />
I&F<br />
I,8F<br />
2F<br />
4F<br />
6F<br />
8F<br />
IUF<br />
12P<br />
t4F<br />
16F<br />
t8F<br />
co F<br />
0,00000E If:<br />
0,ooor i;<br />
O,OI F<br />
w4 F<br />
cl,09 It7<br />
0,IbF<br />
0,25.F<br />
O,~G F<br />
0549 Its<br />
0,64 F<br />
O,&L F<br />
IF<br />
4F<br />
9F<br />
IGF<br />
2f.F<br />
36;F7<br />
49E<br />
6@<br />
3,r F-<br />
too E<br />
TJt refifientias-Fluidorum invefiigarem per Exper+nenra, paravi.,<br />
aas ligneum q.uadratum, lon@tudine &- latitudine interna d&o.=<br />
rum novem pedis LolzdinelzJs, profunditate pedum novem cum,<br />
&miife, idemque imyles4 aqua pluviali; Sr globis. ex cera & plum-.<br />
bo inclufo forma& notavi sempora defcenfus globorum, exifiente<br />
defcenfis altitudine 11~. d@torum .. p&s., Pes hlidus cut>lcus;..<br />
Jh&.ze~$‘s continet 76 libras.Roman+ ac@~ pluviahs, & pedrs hu.+<br />
,jgs digitus iblidus continet $2 un$as librze hujus”feu gra&, 2.~39 ;,<br />
ae g~~bus. aqyeus..diametp : diga wius * dehiptxxj, concinec ,gya.<br />
qw%Z
320<br />
‘pI-l[l[EcIxxx?HI& NA.‘TURAk%S<br />
DE h43ru 132,645 in Media aeris, vel grana 132,8 in Vacu?; 6~ globus qui-<br />
ConPow”a* jibet alius eft Ut excerus ponderis ejus in vxuo iupra pondus ejus<br />
in aqua.<br />
~~~~~~~ I. Globus, cujus pondus crat I 56% granorum in acre 8~<br />
77 grallorulll ill aqua, alticudinem totam dlglrorum I 12 tempore<br />
minucorum quatuor kcundorum dekripfit. Et experiment0 repetito$<br />
globus itcrum cecidit eodem rempore minutorum quatuor k-<br />
cundorum.<br />
Pondusglobi in vacua eA 156%grdl~, & excefius hujus .pondeT<br />
ris rljpr:! pondus globi in aqua efi 79f$graa. Unde prodIt* glob1<br />
diameter ~1~84224 partium digiti. Efi aURn Ut eXCeffUS lk ad<br />
pondus globi in VXLIO, ita denfitas aqua ad denfitatem globi,<br />
8; ita parces o&o tertiaz diamecri. globi (viz. 2~24197 dig.> ad.@a:<br />
tium 2 F, qudd proinde erit 4,4256 dig. Globus tempore mxnlltl<br />
unius fecundi, toto ho pondere granorum 156f$, cadendo in vacue<br />
defcribet digitos 133: ; & pondere granorum 77, eodem tem-<br />
,pore, abfque refiitentia cadendo in aqua dekribet digitos 95,219;<br />
& tempore G, quod fit ad minurum unum fecundurn in fubduplicara<br />
ratione fpatii Fku 2,2128 dig. ad 95,219 dig, dekribet 2,2128 dig.<br />
82 velocitarem maximam H acquiret quacum potefi in aqua dekendere.<br />
Efi igitur tempus G O”,I 5244, Et hoc tempore c,<br />
.cum velocirate illa maxima H, globus defcribet fpatium z F digitorum<br />
4,42$6 j ideoque tempore minutorum quatuor fecundo-<br />
.rum defcribet rpatium digitorum x I&I 245. Subducatur fpatium<br />
1~3862944 F ku 3,0676 d.&. & manebit fpatium x13,ordp digito-<br />
Turn quod globus cadendo in aqua, in vale ampliflimo, tempore<br />
minutorum quatuor fecundorum defcribet. Hoc Cpatium, ob an-<br />
,gufiiam vafis lignei pradifii, minui debet in ratione qua: componitur<br />
ex fubduplicara ratione orificii vafis ad exceffum orificii hw<br />
jus fupra femicirculum maximum globi & ex fimplici ratione ori-<br />
&ii ejufdem ad exceffum ejus fipra circulum maximum. globi, id<br />
.efi, ‘in ratione I ad o,ppr4- C&o fa&o, habebitur fpatium ‘E 1z,o8<br />
.digitorum, quod Globus cadendo in aqua in hoc vak ligneo,,tempore<br />
miriatorum quatuor kcundorum per Theoriam defcrlbere<br />
debuit quamproxime. Defcripfit vero digitos I 12 per Experi-<br />
:,.,‘.>ia‘,<br />
..mentum. ‘.<br />
Exferi’%, ‘Tfek Glrjbi’%~uAes, quorum pondera feorfim erant<br />
‘76$ gtyanorum in aere & 5$ granorum in aqua, iilcceffive demitteb%niuti?‘&<br />
untifqliii?que cecidit in aqua tempore minutorum kcund~rum<br />
qtiindecima cafi fio’kkfckibens altitudinem digitorum I 12,<br />
OryBy
omlkcum inetlndo prddeunc pondus globi in vacub ?(;,-I;gwrc~. 1, I II B Il<br />
exceffis hujus ponderis fipra pondus in’ aqua 714: gran, diameter SEC~NII(‘~~<br />
globi 0,8 1296 d&-, ot30 rercia: partes hujus diamerri 2,x67&1 a’&-$<br />
fpaciutn 2 Hi 2,s~ 17 dzi, fpatium quad globus ponderc r& gran,<br />
rempore 1’: abfque refifkntia cadendo dekribac ~2,303 dg, &:.<br />
rempus G o",p10~~* Globw igitur, vclocitace maxima quawrra<br />
pot& in aqua vi ponderis 5f;g~nz~ defccndere, tcmptlre o”,?~ 1 o 76,<br />
defiribec Cpatium 2,221 7 dig. 15( tcrnpore I $’ @atium I I 5,678 d
322 l?HILOSOPHIX NATURALIS<br />
frigus rcdrrcitur. Antequam caderent, immergebantw penitus in<br />
aquam ; ne pondere partis alicujus ex aqua extantis defcenfus eorum<br />
f\lb initio acceleraretur. Et ubi penitus immerfi quiefcebant,<br />
demittebantur quam cautiilime, ne impuKum sliquem a manu demittente<br />
acciperent. Ceciderunt autem fuccefive temporibus<br />
oi~illationum 47f, 48$, 50 & 51, dekribentes altitudinem pedum<br />
quindecim & diglrorur?l duorutn. Sed tempck jam paulo frigidior<br />
erat quam cum globi ponderabantur, ideoque iteravi experimentum<br />
alio die, & globi ceciderunt temporibus oklilationum<br />
4.9, 49f, 50 & 53, ac tertio temporibus ofcillationum 4,918, 503 gr<br />
& 53. EC experiment0 fzpius capto, Glob1 ceciderunt maxima<br />
ex partc temporibus ofcillationum 4.~$ & 50. Ubi tardius cecideres<br />
fufpicor cofdem recardatos fuiflk impingendo in latera<br />
VdfiS.<br />
Jam computum per Theoriam ineundo, prodcunt pondus globi<br />
in vacua 139-F granorum. Exce,ifirs. hujus yollderis fupra. pondus<br />
globi in aqua J 32$f glaT2. Diameter globi o,p9868 djg. O&o tertix<br />
partes diametri 2,6631$ u’@. Spatium 2 F 2,8066 dig. Spatium<br />
quod globus pondere 7; granorum, temporc minuti unius fkcundi<br />
abfquc refiitentia cadendo defcribit 9,88164 A&. Et rempus<br />
G d/,376843. Globus igitur, velocitate maxima quacum poteIt in<br />
aqua vi ponderis 7: granorum dekendere, tetnpore 0”,3@43 defkribit<br />
fpatium ~,a066 digitorum, & tempore f fjjatium 7,++766 digitorum,<br />
& tempore 2 5” feu okillationum 50 fpatium J 86,Ip r 5 I&&.<br />
Stibducatur fpatium 1,386~94 F, fku 1,9+54 ~$2. & mane&r fpariurn<br />
~8.+,2461 dig,. quod globus eodem tempore in vafk latifimo<br />
dekribet. Qb angufiiam vafis no&-i, minuatur hoc fpatiurnin ratione<br />
q,u3: componitur ex fibdaplicata ratione orificii vaiis ad<br />
exceffqm hujus or&ii fipra femicirculum maximum globi,. Lk GmpIici<br />
ratione ejufdcm orificii ad exceirum ejus iupra .circulum maximuti<br />
glObi j & habebitur fpatium 181,86 digitorum, quad glow<br />
bus in hoc vak tempore ofcillationum 50 defcribece debui~t pel:<br />
Theoriam quamproxime. -Defcripfic vero . fpatium I 82 j digitorum<br />
ternpore o[cilcillationum 49% vel To per Experimenturn;.. .<br />
.Ex~er~~ 5.’ Globi quatuor pondere I ~&gralz. in aere & 2~Qw2,<br />
$1 Bqua., kpe derni$j‘ cadebant ternpore ofcillationum 282, 29,<br />
29+ st 30, & htinnanquam: 31, 32 & 33, ‘dekribentes altitudinem<br />
pedqm:quindecim & digitorum duorum. .<br />
*<br />
Per Theorlam caq’erea debuerunt~ ‘tempord of&lktionum .igi<br />
quamproxime.<br />
Exper .
Bx/m-. 6, GlObi quinque pondere 2 X2$ g&2. in acre Csc 79: i” tr6 p. rt.<br />
aqua, fkrzpe clemifli, cadebant tcnlpore ofcil]atio~~~l,m 1f3 ,I!:, 16,~~~"~~~~~~<br />
17 & 18, defcrihnws altitudiilwl p edurn quindecltn 8~ dlgltorum<br />
d Uorum.<br />
Per ‘I?hec?riarn eadere det~~erur~t tcrilpore okillatio!lum I f<br />
~Uamproxinze.<br />
o”xper. 7. Globi quatuor porldere Z:j3$ gran. in,aere Jk 35&ghuz.<br />
in aqua, fipe demifli, cadebant rempore ofcillatlorlum 2$, 36,<br />
302, 31, 3 2 & 33, defiribentes alrit%dinem pcdum quindecim &<br />
,digiti unius cum femSe.<br />
Per Thcoriam cadere debuerrxnt tempore ofcillationum ,z8<br />
quamproxime.<br />
Caufam invefiigando cur globoruti, ejufdem ponfef-is tk magnitudinis,<br />
aliqui citius alii tardius caderenr, in hanc incldl 5 quad globi,<br />
ubi primurn demictebantur .& eadere incipiebant, ofcillarenc circUm<br />
centra, Iatere Uo quad forte gravius effet, primurn defceadente,,<br />
8~ moturn ofcillatorium gelxerante. Nam p,er o_fcillat@es<br />
Gas, globtis tiajoretn motuni communicat aqutr, qjuam il fine o&Alationibus<br />
defqendcret j & communicando, amitcic partem mow<br />
pgoprii quo defixndere de&ret: & pro majore vcl miriore oki!-<br />
latione, magis vel minus retardatur. QL&h-iaFfi globs recedlt<br />
femper a latere fuo quod per ofcillationem defchdlt, & receden-<br />
CICS appropinquat lateribus vafis’ & _ in latera- ~JOII~~U~~~KUII Impingitur.<br />
.Ec .hax ofiillatio in glob’ig @Aviorib’ws fkti.or efi, &C in<br />
majoribus a‘quam tiagis agit;it. ‘Q&a+optef, ut ofcillatio globorum<br />
minor redderetnr, globes novas ex c&a & phtibo confhxij<br />
infigendo pltlmbum in latus aliquod @cjWprope Cuij@i~%m ejtis 5<br />
2% globum ita demifi, ut latus gravvi-us, quoad fi+i potuit, effet infimum-ab<br />
initio defcenfus. Sic ofcillationeti fzi&k ftinr niulto niinores<br />
quam prius, & globi tempdhljus minus. in&qualibus cecide-+<br />
runt, us in experimentis fequentibus.<br />
Bxper. 8. Globi quatuor pond’&% gkanortiti: T 39.S aere SE Gf in<br />
z-qua, fz@e demifi, ceciderunt temfitiribuk ofti~lla’tiorhm non phrkumz<br />
quam 52, non. pauclorum quani- 509 Qs mtiAinia ex parrc<br />
tempore ofcillationum 5 1’ &kiter:, defcribtntes’ alticudinem digL<br />
torum 182.<br />
Per Thebriati cadere debuekunt’ tem@rt -ofcillationum fz<br />
drci ter.<br />
-EX~er. pb ~&lol5i -quhttibr pbndCre fyzinoliuln 273$ 'in a&C, &<br />
a&2$ lfi. siqUbi3j 'f$Gx3; d'&fiiEi ceck%fuht temporhs &illati&um<br />
1c 2<br />
IlOll
, .<br />
j-)E ivlwru 11011 pauciorum quam 12, non plurium quam 13) defcribentes ats<br />
cop LB o II u M t$udin,em cligitorum 182.<br />
per, Theorianl vero hi globi cadere debuerunt tempore orcilIa.<br />
tionuln I 1; quamproxinlc*<br />
Expeu: 10. Globi quatuor pondere granorum 384 in acre &<br />
1.19: iI1 aqua, jkpe demifli, cadebanc temporibus &illationum<br />
I7i, I&, I8< & 19, defcribentqs altitudinem digitorum I 8 1;; EC<br />
ubi cccidcrunt tempore ofcillatlonum 19, 1lOnnUnqUam au&vi im.‘<br />
pulfum corum in latera vafis antequam ad fwdum pervenerunt,.<br />
’ Per Theoriam vero cadcre debuerunt tenlpore okilJationu~~I<br />
1.5; quamproxime..<br />
Exper. II. Globi tres zqual’cs, pondere granorum 48 in acre<br />
h 3f;l in aqua, &pe demiir, cfciderune temporibus okillationum<br />
,+3+, 4.4? 442, 45 & 46 &- maxlma ex parte 4+> 8~ 45,. dekribentes.<br />
;dltitudincm digitorum I 82; quamproxlme.<br />
Per Theoriam cadcre, de.buerunt tempore okillationum 46$\,<br />
circi ter,<br />
Eipev. 12, Globi tres zquales, pond&e .granorum ~4.r in, acre<br />
e 4$, in ‘aqua, aliquoties demifi, ceciderunt:remporiGw ofcillatioy<br />
num 61~.,62,, 63,64 & ,65, defcribentes altitudinem digitorum 18%~<br />
Et. per Theoriam cadere.: ~eherwt tempare oCcilla,tionum<br />
64; quamproxime.<br />
Per hxc Experiaz?enta:manjf~ltum eR quad, ubi-g’fbbi karde ce&<br />
dcrbnt, UC. in.. experimentis fecund& quartis, quin tis, o&w&, utir<br />
decimis-. ac” duodecimis , .tcmpora cadendi re&k exhibenttir per<br />
Theoriam: at, ubi globi velocius- cecidecunt, ut, in expe.rimentis<br />
‘Textis, nonis. ac, decimis, re&fiesGa p,aul,o major extitic ,quam in<br />
,&plica~a..r@oue ylocit+is.. Nam g1,ob.i iqter cadandum ioCcilJant<br />
al,iquantglum $1 & hzc. ofciljat,io in g!,obis levioribus 6~: tardius, ca*<br />
den&bus,, ob motus., languorem cite ceffat;. in ,gravioribus autem &<br />
majoribus, ob mows fortitudinem diuti,us,durat, & non nifi p&<br />
plures :ofcilJationes ab aqua am biente cohibSeri pot& ,Qinetiam<br />
globi, quo velociores. funt, eo m,inus premuntur a fl:uido ,a4 :pop<br />
i)icas fqas, paws,.; & fi veJocitas.perpetuo augeatur, C atiwm vacuu,m<br />
tandem a tergo.r$inquent, ,nifi compreiEo flui d” i fimul au?<br />
geatur; Debet autem cbmprefio fluidi (per Prop. xxxx 4 & ,XXXIII[)<br />
augeri. .i~,. duplicata racione velocitatis, ur ,refiikntia,fic ,in eadem<br />
duplidka’ ratione. Qoniam hoc non fit, lobi velocioxw pauto<br />
minus(..premuntur,a tergo, & dcfe+ pr.c ri; ionis ,~L$us, r,&kneia<br />
*<br />
eoah .6t ‘p~do m;ljjx Lbflap, a?; &q#wn<br />
*<br />
,r;ldons: vc$aci,tatis,<br />
: &a~
C~erum. tempera obfervata.. corrigi debent. IISLUI~ globi mcr-<br />
(curiales (per Tlieoriam Gal&i) minutis quatuor ficuulldis dekribcrlc. :’<br />
pecks L~ndi~~nft.~ 2 $7 , & pedes 220 nlinutis tantunl. 3” 42”. %ahula<br />
.lignea utique, detratio peffulo, tardius devoIvczbatur quam par.<br />
erat,. & tarda fua devoluticGw impedlebat defcenfilm globorum<br />
Cub initio. T?Jam glo.bi incumbebant Tabula: prope medium .$sl, .<br />
& .paulo .qu.Ldem pcopiores erant-axi ejus quam. pefTii10. Et .liinc<br />
gempora cadendi prorogata fuerunt minutis tertiis o&odecim cir-.<br />
titer, SP jam corrigi debent detrahendo illa minu.ta, prxfkrtim iI1 :<br />
globis maj.oribus qul, Tabular devolventi paula diutius incumbe<<br />
banr propter: magnitudinem. diametrorum. C&O fa&o,, tc;npora<br />
quibUs globi Gx majores cecidere, evadens ~8’: ~.a’!‘, J” 4~~:‘~ 7”4$J’S ,,~<br />
f 57y> $yd T id?, .& 71/ +a!!.<br />
QJbjd -
326 PH~JX=ISCHX-II& NATURALus<br />
I.) c ;r lo T u (-&-,borunl igirur aere plenorum quintus, diametro digitorum<br />
C 0 n 110 !: u bl quinque pondere granorum Lb83 confiruQus, cecidit tempore<br />
8” IZ”‘, deccribendo alritudinem pedum 220. Fondus aqux huic<br />
globe xqualis, eit I 6600 granorum j Lk pondus aeris eider aqualis<br />
efi L$$PgrafZb f&l 191% grnlz j ideoque pondus globi in vacua e6<br />
502 i5 gran j & hoc pondus eft ad pondus aeris glob0 zqualis, ut<br />
qoz15 ad lph, & ita i‘unt 2 F ad o&o eertias partes diamerri globi,<br />
id efi, ad 13f digitos. Unde 2 F prodeunt z 8ped. 1 I dig. 610..<br />
bus cadendo in vacua, toto ho pondere 5021% grarlorum, ternpore<br />
minuti unius kcundi defcribit digitos 1p3f ut Cupra, & pondere<br />
483 grala. defcribit digitos 185,pog, & eodem pondere 483 gran.<br />
etiam in vacua defcribit fpatium F feeu 14ped’. 5; &k* tempbre<br />
57”’ 58’,“, & velocitatem maximam acquirit quacum pofit in aere<br />
defcendere. Hat velocirate globus, tempore 8” 12”‘, defcribet fpa-<br />
Cum pedum 245 & digitorum 5:, Aufer 1~3863 F feu 20 ped,<br />
o; dig. & manebunt z2yped. 5 dig. Hoc’ fpatium igitur glob+<br />
tempore 8’! r z”‘, cadendo dekibere debuit per Tkeoriam. Dekripfit<br />
vero fpatium 220 pedum per Experimentum. Differ&a<br />
infen fi bilis efi.<br />
Similibus computis ad reliquos etiam giobos acre plenos appli..<br />
catis, confeci Tabulam fequentem.<br />
Globorum<br />
ponderd<br />
Dia..<br />
naetri<br />
I<br />
Tem~ora cudidi<br />
ab dl- Spdtia defcribentitudine<br />
pe- d&per Tiieoriam~<br />
Exceffus<br />
jauw 220.<br />
5 Iogrim 3. 8” I 2”’ 226 pea. f 1 dic$. 6ped. I r a?$.<br />
642 532 7 42 230 9. 10 9<br />
599 5>1 7 42 227 IO : 10<br />
515 5<br />
224<br />
5<br />
483 64I, 15225 1 7 z 42 fZ ,230 225 ,’ ; I’0 5 ,. s<br />
-<br />
Globorum igitur tam in Aerc quam in Aqua. motorurn refid’<br />
fientia prope omnis per Theoriam nofiram. re&e exhibetw, tic<br />
denfitati Auidqrum, paribus globorum, velocitatibus ac magnitudii<br />
IGbas, proport$onalis<br />
efk<br />
:<br />
In
P,R,!ZCIPl[A MA.~HEMA~rca.. 3.q<br />
112 S&&o quod %z&ioni fextz fubjunfium efE, oflendimw per Lrsrn<br />
experirne:nta penduIorum quad globorum n-lqualium & zquivelo- SECuNQUS~<br />
k-tm in Acre, Aqua, & Argento viva nlotorum refifientiz:’ funt ut<br />
fluidorruw denfirates. ldem hit oltendimus magis accurate per<br />
experime:n.ta corporum cadentium in Aere Sr Aq~m. biarn pendula<br />
fingulis csfcdhtionibus motum cient in fluid0 motui pen&Ii re-<br />
&uncG Gmper contrarium, & refifientia ab hoc motu oriunda, uc<br />
2%~ refifiexltin fili quo pendulum fuf’endebatur, totam Pcnduli refifientialm<br />
majorcm reddiderunt quam refifiencia quz per cxperirllenta<br />
corporum cadentimn prodiit. Etenitn per experimenra<br />
pclddorurn in Scliolio ill0 expofita , globus ejufdem denfitatis<br />
d=um AL~UZL, dekribendo longitudincm fkmidiametri CUX in Aereg<br />
amitrere deberet mows fui parrem &. At per Theoriam in hat<br />
Optima SeBione expofitam EC experimencis cadentium confirrna-<br />
~atn, globus idem defcribend:o longitudinem tandem, amictere debcrct<br />
n2~otus fili partem tantum +&, p&to quad denfitas Aqw fit<br />
ad denfitacem Aeris ut 860 ad 1. RcGfientix igitur per experiancnta<br />
pendulorum majores prodicre (ob cauhs jam dekriptas)<br />
qwarn per experimenta globorum cadcotium, idque in rariom 4 ad<br />
s- circirer, Attamen cum pendulorum in Acre, Aqua> & Argcnta<br />
viva 0Giliantium refi~entize a caufis fimilibus Gmiliter augenntur,<br />
proportio r-efifientiarum in his Mediis, tam per experimenta pendulorunl,<br />
quay per experimenta corporum cadentium, fitis reAc<br />
~,&ibebitur. Et inde concludi potefi quad corporun,li in fluidis.<br />
~~ibufcunque fluiditlimis motorum refifientiz, cxterls paribus,<br />
gi>nt ut dknfitatris fluidorum.<br />
His. ira fiabilitzis, dicerc jam licet quamnam mQtu.9 fui partem,<br />
@obus, quilibet, in fluid0 quocunque projet%tYs, &ata ternpore amitlet<br />
quamproxime. Sic D diameter globi, 8~ V vekitas cjus fi~b<br />
$tio .L~~O~TUS~ &C T ,tempus quo globus velocitate V in vac.u.0 de.-<br />
firibec Qatium qu.od fit ad @cztium $D. UC denj.itas gIo,bi. ad. dcn&<br />
tatem Auidi: & globus in flwido illo proje&us, tempo,re quovis<br />
tV<br />
TV<br />
alio p, nmittet velocitatis fix partem -<br />
T +t’<br />
manen tc par te T-t-a’<br />
& &&&bet fpatium quod fit ad Cpatium uniformi velocitatc V eo-<br />
T+z<br />
dem rempore defiriptum in vacua, ut logarithmus numeri T-<br />
~ultiplicatus per numerum 2,3035S5~93 efi ad numerum ,$, Per<br />
Corof a
PROPOSIT1[0 XLI. THEOREM/l ,9;_‘xxH.<br />
Si jaceant particuk 12~ &, 6, d, e in linea re&t, pot& quidcm<br />
preflio dire&e propagari ab R ad e; at<br />
particula e urgebit particulas oblique poll<br />
tasf & g oblique, & particulx illxJ &g<br />
non fuflx~ebunt prefionem illatam, niG<br />
fulciantur a particulis ulcerioribus b Sr 12;<br />
quacenus autem fulciuntur, premunt particulas<br />
fulcientes; & ha: non fufiinebunt<br />
preflionem nifi fulciantur ab ulterioribus<br />
G & m eafque premant3 & fit deinceps in infinitum. Prefio igicur,<br />
quam primum propagatur ad particulas qw non in dire&urn<br />
jacent, divaricare incipiet & oblique propagabitur in infinitum 5<br />
& pofiquam incipit oblique propagari, ii inciderit in particulas<br />
ulteriores, qu3e non in dire&urn jacent, iterum divaricabit j id-<br />
‘que toties, quoties in particulas non accurate in dire&urn jacentes<br />
inciderir. SE. 2).<br />
Carol. Si preOionis, a dato pun&o per.Fluidum propagate, pars<br />
&qua obfiaculo intercipiatur j pars reliqua, quz non intercipitur,<br />
di.varicabit in fpatia pone obfiaculum. Id q.uod fit etiam demonitrari<br />
potefi. A pun&o A propagetur preflio quaquavercum,,<br />
idque ii fieri potefi Gxundum lineas reQas, & obfiaculo<br />
NBCK perforato in BC 9 intercipiatur ea omnis, .prater partern<br />
Csniformem AT $& quaz per foramen circulare B C tranfit.<br />
Planis tranfverfis dt, fg, Ilj; diitinauatur conus ATgin fruita;<br />
&z interea dum conus ABC’, pr;fi;nem propaganda, urget fru-<br />
.itum
j’jo PMPLoS~o~I?MI& NA<br />
DE MOTLJ iturn conicum ulterius degf in f<strong>Up</strong>erfiCie de, & ‘hoc fkdh.Inr<br />
6: 0 RI’ 0 I< u &I. w-get fruiturn proximum Jgih in hperficie fg, & fruiturn illud<br />
urgec frufiwm tertium, & fit deinceps- in infinitum; manifehm<br />
efi (per motus Legem tertiam) quad frufium primutn defy, re+.<br />
a&one fruiti kcundi Jg hi, tantum urgebitur & premetur in Cue<br />
perficie fg, quantum urget & premit frufium illud fecundurn,.<br />
Frufium igitur degj inter conum Ade Sr frufium fh ig corn-..<br />
primitur utrinque, & proptcrea (per Corol. 6. Prop. xix.) Fguram<br />
ham krvare nequit, nifi vi eadem comprimacur undrque,.<br />
Eodem igitur impetw quo premitur in fi~perfikiebus CA?, fg, eona;.<br />
Bitur cedere ad latera d$ 66 5 ibique (cum rigidum non, fits. fed T<br />
omnimodo Fluidurn) excurret- ac dilatabitur, nifi Fluidum ambjens<br />
adfit, quo conatus 3X-e cohibeatur. Proinde conatu excurrendi,<br />
premet, tam Fiuidum amhiens-ad latera df, eg quam fru’fium:<br />
f9 hi eodem impeN; & propterea plefllio non minus propagabixzlr<br />
a lateribus df; e in fpatia NO,. KE hint inde, quart prop<br />
pagatur a fiperfick verfus T & a,E,2>;<br />
P EL. a
~‘KOPOSITIO XLII. TWEOREMA XXXIir, SECcr’inr’r-<br />
Gas. 1, Propagetur motus a pun&o A per foramen BC, pergatque<br />
(fi fieri poteft) in fpatio conic0 SCR’P, fiecundum lineas<br />
re&as divergentes a pun&o C. Et ponamus prima quad<br />
mows iite fit undarum in fuperficie fiagnantis aqwe, Siwquc<br />
de-,,fk, h z’, k I, &G. undarum fingwlarum partes alcilrimz> vallibus<br />
tocidem intermediis ab inviqem diftin&z. Igitur quoniam<br />
aqua in undarum jugis altior efi quam in Fluidi partibus immotis<br />
LIC, NO, defluec eadem de jugorum ternhis e, g, i, G, SK.<br />
d, f, h, k, Src. hint in,de, verfus KL & NO : Sr quoniam in undarum<br />
vallibus depreffior efi quam in Fluidi partibus immotis<br />
KL, NO; ckfluet eadem de partibus illis immotis in undarum<br />
valles. D&tuxu priore undarum juga, pofteriore valles hint<br />
inde dilatantur & propagantur ver@ KL & NO. EC quoniam<br />
ritlotus undarum ab A verfis Tg fit per continuum defluxum<br />
jugorum in vafles proximos, adeoque celerior non eft<br />
quam pro celeritate defkenfus ; & defcenfus aqua, hint inde, ver-.<br />
fus KL & NT0 eadem veloeitate. peragi debet j propagabitur<br />
dilatatio unda-rum, hint inde, verfus KL & NO, eadem velocitate<br />
qua undue ipf& ab A verfus PR reQa progrediuntur.<br />
Proindeque fpatium totum hint inde, verfiis KL & NO, ab<br />
undis dilatatis rfgr, shis, t k If 3 V mfl U , kc. occupabitur.<br />
a E. 2). M~EC ita fe habere quilibet in aqua fiagnante expe<br />
riri poteft.<br />
Ctis. 2, ltionamus jam quod ‘de, fg, /j i, k I, m n defignent pdfus<br />
a pun&o A, per Medium
w<br />
Pf-lIL.O~S0BWI.A NATWRAL1[S<br />
eoquc pa&o rarius femper evadens e regionc intervallorum ac<br />
denfius e regione, pulfiium, particigabit eorundem motum,, at<br />
q~011ia1la: pulfium progrefivus ltZnotuS orltur a perpetua relaxa.<br />
tione partium denfiorum verfus antecedentia intervalla rariora,,;<br />
a pulfi~s eadem fere celeritate fijTe in Medii partes quiefiejltes<br />
A_‘L, .,X8 hint inde relaxare debent; pulls illi eadem fere celce<br />
ritate kk dilatabunt undique ira @aria immota kcb;, NO, qua<br />
propagantur dire&e a centro A’; adeoque fpatium totum x’L0~<br />
occupabunt. $E. !D Hoc experimur inSonis, qui vel monte<br />
interpofito audiuntur, vel in cubiculum per fenefiram admifi. fefk<br />
in omnes cubiculi partcs diiatant, inque angulis omnibus audiuni<br />
tur, non eam reflexi a parietibus oppohtis, quam a fen&a dire&e.<br />
propagati, quantum ex fenh judicare licct.<br />
Cm,- 3;- POnamuk+ &nicpe cpocl : morw cujufdunque genetis<br />
propagetur ab .A. per foramen- B 6: & quoniam propagatio iRa<br />
aon fit,: nifi quatenus partes,Medii centro A ‘propiores urgent<br />
commoventque partes -ulteriores j & ‘partes qw urgentur A uid$<br />
fbm, idcocpe recedunt quaquaverfim in regiones ubi n-Gnus ‘premun<br />
twr :
?IWKX’IA R%ATHEA,/i.ATI@h”i;. j 3.3, ‘<br />
mutltur: rescdcnt ezdem verbs Medii partes omnes~ quiefcclltcs, L I II 1: Ii<br />
tam laterales KL Gr NO, quam an teriorcs “6 g, eoquc pa&o s :‘cI’~:~? IC i<br />
mOrus omnls, quam primum per foramen BC traniiit, dilatari incipiet<br />
& ablrlde , tanquam a principio & centTo> in partcs oirmcs<br />
diretie propagari. ,G& El D.<br />
pROPoSITPo XLILI. THEOREMA X<br />
C&S. I: Nam partes corporis trcmuli vicibus akernis eundo &<br />
redeundo, itu fuo urgebunt & propellent parces Medii fibi proximas,<br />
& urgendo compriment eafdem SC condenfabunt j dein reditu<br />
fuo fiuent partes comprefljs rcccdere Qi Cek expandere, Hgitur<br />
partes h4edii corpori tremulo pro::imri ibunt 8; redibunt .per<br />
vices,. ad infiar partium corporis iJiius tremuli: & qua ratione<br />
partes.corporis hujus agitabant hfce hlcdii partes) 11~ fimilibus I<br />
tremoribus agitate agitabunt partes fibi, proximas, ezque fimiliter.<br />
agitatz agitabunt ulteriores 3 k Gc deinceps in infinitum. Et,<br />
quemadmodum Medii partes pritnz eundo condenfantur & re-<br />
&undo relaxantur, fit partes, reliqult quoties eunt condenfabun-~<br />
tur, & quoties redeunt fek expandent. Et pr.opterea non omnes I<br />
ibunt & fimul redibust (fit enim determinatas ab invicem dieantias<br />
krvando, non rarefierent &z condenhentur per vices) fed ac-;<br />
cedendo ad invicem ubi condenijntur, S: recedendo ubi rarefiunt,<br />
aliquaz:earum ibunt dum ah redeunt;..idque vicibus .alternis in<br />
infinitum. Partes autem euntes Sr eundo condenhtz, ob motum<br />
hum progrefivum quo feriunt obfiacula, funt pulhs ; 8~ p.ropeerea<br />
pulf’us fucceiiivi a corppre omni tremulo in dire&urn propagabuntur<br />
j idque aqualibus circiter ab invicem difian,tiis, ob rcqualia<br />
temporis intervalla , quibus corpus tremoribus his hgulis<br />
;fmgulos pulfiis excitat. Et quanquam corporis tremuli partes.eant-&<br />
redeant kcundum plagam aliquam certam & determinatam,<br />
tamen pulrUs inde per Medium propagaci fefe dilatabunt-’<br />
ad latera, per PropoGtionem prxcedentem j & a corpore illo tre-<br />
~~10 tanquam centro communi 3 ficundum fuperficies properno-.<br />
dum fphaericas. & -concentricas., undique propagabuntur, Cujus:,<br />
rei
_ .<br />
UE Moru rei exemplum aIiquo$ habemus in Undis, quz fi di$to tremu~a<br />
E i) 11 P o R u M excitcntur9 non foIum pergen t hint inde fkcundum plagam motus<br />
digiti, red, it1 modum circulorum concentricorym, dlgicum fhtim<br />
ciqent S: undique propagabuwr. Nam gravltas Undarum Cupplet<br />
iocum vis k!IaTticz<br />
cds,t. Qod G h,ledium non fit Ha&urn : quoniam ejus partes a<br />
corporis trcmuli partibus vibratis prefh condenhi IlC'~,Llt?Unt, pro.<br />
pagabitllr motus in infianti ad parres ubi Medium facillimc cedit,<br />
Iloc cfi, ad partes quas corpus tremulum alioqui vacuas a<br />
tergo relinqueret. ldcm efi cafus cum caiu corporis in Me&o<br />
quocunque projek. Medium cedendo proje&ilibus, norm reaedir<br />
in infinitum 5 fed in circulum eundo, pergit ad fpatia quri:<br />
corpus relinquit a terga. Igitur quoties corpus tremulum pergit<br />
in parrem quamcunque, Medium cedendo perget per circu-<br />
]um a,d parces quas corpus relinquit j Sr quoties corpus regreditur<br />
ad hum priorem, Medium inde repelletur & ad loeum fuum<br />
prioreni redibir. Et quamvis corpus trcmulum non fit firmum,<br />
f’ed modis om.nibus flex&, ii tamen magnitudine datum maneat,<br />
quoniam tremorihs fuis nequit Medium ubivis urgere, quill alibi<br />
,eidem fimul cedar j efficiet ut Medium 3 tecedendo a part&us<br />
ubi premirur, pergat femper in orbem ad partes qu;r: eidem cc..<br />
.dunt, g E. 23.<br />
Co&. Hallucinantur igitur qui credunt a.gitationem pa;r.bium<br />
2F’Iammz a,d prefionem, per Medium ambiens, fecund;um~ lineas,<br />
.rc&as~ propagandam conducere. Debebit ejufmodL preiro n.on’<br />
,,ab agitatione fola pastium Flammaz, fed a totius dilataciane d!e&<br />
4wi.<br />
Tnol?osrTIo “XLIV. THEOREMA xxxv.
aritur ab atrritu canalis, hit non confidero. Kkfignent igitur A?~!32 L, I II IT K<br />
CSZ, lT.Xdiocrem altirudineni aqua: in crure Lltroque; & ubi aqU;L scc”KJ’ws~<br />
i-n C~LU-c 1c.L aficndit ad altirudinem E F, dei’ccnderit aqua in<br />
crure MN ad alcitudinem GH Sit autem T corpus pendulum,<br />
?T fliIum, Y pum9xm fufpcniionis~ SP ,qR Cyclois qiiam Pcndul~m<br />
c&$x-ibat, ‘P ejus pun&urn inhum, T g arcus altitudhi<br />
AE xqualis. Vi+ qua motus aqux alternis vicibus acceleratur<br />
& retardatur, .efi cxcefis ponderis aqux in alterutro crux fupr!<br />
pondus in altero, ideoquc, ubi aqua in crure KL akcndit ad IL fi’,<br />
& in crnre alter0 defcendit ad (22’3, vis illa CR pondus duplicat.um.<br />
aqu.az EA?B F, & propterca efi ad pondus. aqtm totius ut<br />
A E feu T $$+ ad VT I’eu TR. ‘Vis etiam, qua pondus !P in<br />
31mzn;, quovis, ~acceleratur & retardatur in Cycloide, (pm Coral.<br />
Prop. L I(,) efi ad ejus pandus totum, UC ejus difiantia “1” 2 a loco<br />
infima I>, ad Cycloidis -1ongitudincm T R. C&are aqua & pcnduli,<br />
azqualia fpitia AE, 2 & defcribentium, vires motrices func<br />
u.lt pondera movenda 5 idc,oque, ii aqua & pendulum in principjo<br />
quiefcunt # vires ilk .movebunt eadem xqualircr tempori-<br />
‘bus xgualibus, efficientque uf: muCu reciproco hul cant & rcdeanr.<br />
g& Ei CD.<br />
CQ~O&, I. Igitur aqua afcendentis & defcenden~is, five motus intenfior<br />
fit five rdmiffior, vices omnes filnt libchron3.z.<br />
CO&. 2, Si longitude aqua totius in canali fit pcdum Tarz$mj&P2<br />
6; : aqua ternpore minuti unius lrecundi dekcndcc, & remv<br />
pore minuti alterius fcccundi akendet; &.fic deinccps vicibus al..<br />
ternis in infinitu~m. Nam pendulum pedum 3 i”U lengitudiais,<br />
telngore rninauti unius fecundi ofcillatur.<br />
Curok.
4 ,<br />
UC r\1orw cof%l $ Au&a alltern vel diminuta longitudinc aqwzy augc.,<br />
Co ‘I” n LJ Iby tur vel diminuitur tcmpus reciprocatiollis in longhldillis ratione<br />
d‘ubduplicata.<br />
PROPQS%TIQ XIX THEOREMA XXXVI.<br />
,<br />
r~~d&+~~~~~ ;veh~t~ eJ in Jitibduplicuta rutione latitudinum<br />
c;ollfcquitur ex confiru85one Propofitionis fequentis.<br />
‘P~IJX’~SITIQ XLVI. P.ROBLEMA Xw<br />
.kzlenit+e velocitgtew<br />
Undawm<br />
‘GoonHhatur Pendulum cujus longirudo, inter pun&Lam fu&e~~<br />
fionis SL centrum ofcilhtionis, zquetur latitudini Undarum : SC quo<br />
tcmyore pendulum illud ofcillationes hgulas peragit, eodem Un-<br />
& progredicndo Iatitudinem ham propemodum conficient.<br />
Undarum Iaritudhem voco menhram tranfverfh, quae vel vallibus<br />
his, vcl fummis culminibus interjacet. Defignet ABC’P)EF<br />
fiiperficiem aqua -Itagn;lntis , undis firccefflvis afcendentem ac defy<br />
ccndentem j htque A’, C, E, &c. undarum culmina, & B,D, F, &c,<br />
,valles intermedii. Et quoniam motus w~darum Iit per aquk I&-<br />
cefflvum afienhm & defcenfum, fit uli: ejus partes A,C, E, &c.<br />
quz nunc altifimx funt, mox Gant infimz j & vis. motrix, ‘qua<br />
partes altifimze defcendunr & infimx afcendunt, eft pondus aqua:<br />
clevatll: j alternus ilk afcenhs & defienfils analogus erit rnottii reciproco<br />
aqux in canali , eafdemque temporis Jeges obfervabit: &<br />
proprerea (per Prop. XLIV) ii difiantiaz inter undarum ‘loca altif-<br />
$ma A, CJ E *& i&ma B,‘i!I,F zquentur dupke penduli longitudini<br />
; parrcs altiflimx A, C, E;tempore’ okillationis unius evadent<br />
infimz, & tempore ofcillationis alterius denuo afcendenr. Jgitur<br />
inter tranfirum Undarum fingularum tempus erit ofcillationum<br />
duarum j hoc efi, Wnda defcribet latitudinem fuam, quo tempore<br />
pendulum illud bis ofcillatur ; fkd eodem tempore pendulum, cujus<br />
longirudo quadrupla efi, adeoque xcpt undarum laticudinemJ<br />
rjfcillabitur $kmel. &.E, .I.<br />
Carols I. Igitur, Undz, quz pedes !Par@$es 3 A8 law iunt,<br />
‘km~ore minuti unius fecundi progrediendo latitudincm ham con-<br />
‘ficiew 5 adeoque tempore minuti unius priki .percwrrent ,pedes<br />
J $3 f-, & hors fjpatio pedes z LOW quamproxime.<br />
Coral. 2.
PRIN CIPIA MATHEMATICA. 3 j7<br />
Cored. 2. Et undarum majorum vel minorum Ye- L in 1:~<br />
locitas augebitur vel diminuerur in fubduplicaca ’ cc”‘i ““*<br />
ratione Iatitudinis.<br />
Ekec ita k habent ex Hypothefi quad partcs<br />
aquas r&a afcendunt vcl r&a defcendunt; i‘cd<br />
afcenfh & dekenfus ille verius KC per circulum,<br />
-<br />
ideoque tcmpus hat Propofitione non ilili qu,!iliproxime<br />
definitum efk a&no.<br />
PR 0 P. XLW. THE 0 R. XXXVII-<br />
Pu@4.r per Flbtidum propugutis ) Jingh liluidi<br />
partic&, wotu reciproco hwu$no euntes d?<br />
redemces, accelerantur Jemper C$ retnrdnntcw<br />
pro legc ofiillantis Pendtili.<br />
Dcfignent A 13, B C, CD,<br />
kc. pulfuum fucceffivorum<br />
azquales difiantias j AI3 C<br />
plagam motus pulfuum ab<br />
A verlus B propagati j E,<br />
P, G punCt-a tria Phyfica Me-.<br />
dii quiefcentis, in re&a AC<br />
ad zquales ab invicem difiantias<br />
f’ita ; E e, Ff; Gg,<br />
fpatia aqualia perbrevia per<br />
quz pun&a illa motu reciproco fingulis vibrationibus<br />
eunt & redeunt j E) p, y loca quzvis intermedia<br />
eorundem pun&,orum ; & E F3 FG lineolas<br />
Phyficas feeu Medii partes lineares pun&s illis interje&as,<br />
& fucceflive tranflatas 111 loca eq3, p 31 &<br />
ef, fg. Re&z E e aqualis ducatur reLIta F S.<br />
Bikcetur eadem in 0, centroque 0 & intervallo<br />
0 P decribarur circulus S.lT’P. Per hujus circumferentiam<br />
totam cum partibus Cwis exponatur<br />
tempus totum vibrationis unius cum ipfius partibus<br />
proportionalibus ; fit W complete tempore<br />
quovis “p H vel T lfS15 3 G demittatur ad T S<br />
perpcndiculum I-IL vel S.4 & capiatur E B aqualis<br />
T L vel T Z, punRurnX~hyficum E reperiatur<br />
,’ in
&cc]erationis ac rctardationis gradibus v~brat~ones<br />
fiJlgu]as peraget cum okillante Penduls. Vrobandum<br />
cfi quad fingula Mcdii pun8a PhyIica<br />
tali rnrm agicari debeant. Fingamus igitur hledium<br />
taIi motu a caufa quacunque cieri, 6s. videamus<br />
quid inde fequacur.<br />
In circumfcrcllci.2 ‘P HSb capiantur 32quales nrcus<br />
12% IK wl hi, ;k, earn Itahenres ratiorrem<br />
ad circumkrcntiam totam quam l~abent xqualcs<br />
reck E.$‘, FG ad pulhum intcrvallum toturn<br />
A!3 c’. Et dcmifis perpcndiculis Ilk, .?i;N vcl<br />
in, kn j quoniam pun&a E, F, G motibus Gmilibus<br />
Eiccefive agitantur, & vibrationes Puss integras<br />
ex itu & reditu conzpofitas inserea peragunr clum<br />
pulh transferfur a B ad C;<br />
ii “P P-p vel “Y HSb fit ternpus<br />
ab initio motus pun&h<br />
E, erit P 1 vel ‘P H Si sempus<br />
ab initio niotus pun&i<br />
& & TK vcl T HSR ternpus<br />
ab initio morus pun&i<br />
G ; & prapterea E e, Fp 9<br />
G y ~erunt ipfis Y’ L, 13 M,<br />
TN in itu pun&orum, vcl<br />
P<br />
ipfis I”!, Tkz, Tn in pun&orum rcditu, XTpJa-<br />
Its refpetiive. Unde ty feu EG+Gy-EE<br />
in iru pun&orum zqualis erit E G - LA?, in IXditu<br />
autem Equalis E G +h. Sed ey latitude CR<br />
62.1 expanfio partis Medii E G in loco ey; 8~<br />
propterea expanfio parris illius in itu, cfi ad ejus<br />
expalllionem mediocrem 9 UC‘ EG-LN ad EC>;<br />
ia ,reditu autem ut E G -/-Zn feu E G +.L AT ad<br />
EG. C&we cum fit LN ad 1C.H ut,l&? ad<br />
radium 0 P3 & KH acl E G ut circumkrcntia<br />
THShT ad B C’, id efi (ci ponatur V pro ra-<br />
530 circuli circumfercWiam hnbentis 3.2qualcm h<br />
tervallo pUlfUU~~ EC) Lit OP ad Vj Sr CX LtZ-<br />
quo L N ad E G, ut .liW ad<br />
pais EG pa n 19 -he Phyki F
I<br />
-qzi<br />
ad 6. Et eodem argumento vires cIafiic;r punfiorum<br />
hyficorwm E & G in itu, fiint: ut<br />
v-;rlL 8r v -;\ iv<br />
I+ Sr virium differentia ad hledii vim e]aflicanl mediocreIn><br />
3s limites vibrationum) fupponamus HI, tk KN indefinite<br />
illores eire quancitate V. Quare cum quantitas V dew, di@entia<br />
virium efi Ut NL - KN’, hoc efi ( ob proportionales<br />
‘L -.KN ad HX, & 0 M ad 0.1 vel 0 P, datafque HK &<br />
!P) ut OM; id efi, ii Ff bifecetur in a, UC R C+ Et eodehl<br />
gumenco differcntia virium elafiicarum punaorum Phyficorum<br />
k y, in reditu Iincola: Phyficz cy elt ut tiq. Sed dlffercntia<br />
2 (id efi, exceffus vis elafiica pun&i E fupra vim elafiicam puni<br />
7,) efi vis qua interjeQa Medii Iineola Phyfica E y acceleratur 5<br />
prapterea vis acceleratrix lineok Phyficz E yy efi ut ipiius ditntia<br />
a media vibrationis loco a. Proindc tempus (per Prop.<br />
;XVIII, Lib. I.) retie exponitur per at-cum T I; & Medii pars<br />
learis E y lege prazkripta moverur, id efi, lcge ofcillantis Yen-<br />
Iii : efique par ratio partium omnium liflcarium ex quibus Meurn<br />
totum componitur. Ji$lvD.<br />
Cared. Hint paret quod numerus pulfuum propagatorum idetx~<br />
cum numero vibrationurn corporis tremull, ixque mulriplic;lr<br />
in carurn progreiru, Nam lineola Pbyfica E y, quamprimum<br />
locum fiwm primurn red&it, quiefcet j neque deinceps move-<br />
:ut nifi Tel ab impetu corporis tremuli, vel ab impetu pulhuut~~<br />
i a corpore tremuI0 propagancur, motu nova cieatur. Quic-<br />
:t igitur quamprimum pulfIls a corpore tremulo propagari<br />
Gnunt,<br />
xx2 . PK0P0-
1>f41J;j:rti2 in; g;l~ido H6$co propagutorum *elocitates, J&t in ratiovjz<br />
compo(ita ex Jubd[dplicstcz ratione ;th Ela/ih dzveze &I+<br />
J&hplicar~ rutione denJitatir iwuer/e 5 k modo Fhtidi vis<br />
E;/aj$ca Qldfdem condmjkioni proportlomh ele ~tipponutzar.<br />
c;z/. I. Si hlcdia fint homogenea, tk puli’uum diltaneiz in his<br />
h;%ediis zqerencur inter fc, fed mows in uno Media intenfior fit:<br />
conrraEtiones & dilatationes partiurn analogarum erunt ut iidem<br />
IPYOtUS. Accurata quidem non elt h~c proportio. Serum tamen<br />
niii contra&iones & dilacationes lint valde inrenfz, non errabit<br />
knfibiliter , ideoque pro Phyfice accurata haberi potek SLUYC<br />
autcm vires EIaRicx matrices ut concra&iones & dilatationes; &<br />
velocitates partium azqualium fimuI gcnitaz fimt L1t vires, Ideoque<br />
zquales & correfpondentes pulfuum correi‘pondentium partes,<br />
itus & reditus iilos per fparia contra&ionibus St dilatationibus<br />
proportionalia , cum velocitatibus quaz funt ut Cpatia, fimul peragent<br />
: 8~ propterea pulfus, qui rem pore itus &C reditus unius latitudinem<br />
i‘uam progredicndo conficiunt, & in loca pulfuum proxime<br />
pr,rcedentium femper fkcedunt, ob ;Rqualitatem difiantiarum,<br />
aquali CLI~I velocitate in Medio utroque progredientur.<br />
C’aJ 2. Sin pulfimm diitantiaz ku longitudines fint majores in<br />
uno Medio quam in altero; ponamus quod partes correfpondentes<br />
fpatia latitudinibus pulfuum proportionalia fingulis vicibus<br />
eundo & rcdeundo defcribant : & zqwales erunt earum contra-<br />
Lkiones & dilatationes. Ideoque fi Media fint homogenea, aqua-<br />
Its erunt etiam vires illa: Elafiic;x: matrices quibus reciproco motu<br />
agitancur. Materia autem his viribus movenda, eft ut pulfium<br />
latitude j & in eadem ratione elE fpatium per q~od fingulis vicibus<br />
eundo & redeundo moveri debenc. EBque tempus itus &<br />
reditus unius in rationc compofita ex racione firbduplicata mate-.<br />
fix & ratione iubduplicata fpatii, atque adeo ut fpatium. Pulfus<br />
autcm temporibus itus & reditus unius eundo latitudines fuss<br />
oonficiunt, hoc efi, fpatia temporibus proportionalia pcrcurrunt;<br />
& proptcrea fiunt zquiveloces.<br />
CL@ 3, In Mcdiis igitur denfitate & vi Elafiica paribus, puIfUs<br />
omnes iirnt zcquiveloces. Qod fi Medii vel denfitas vel vis Elaitica<br />
intendatur, quoniam vis matrix in ratione vis ElaAiw, &<br />
matcrin movenda in rationc dcnfitatis augctur 3 tempus quo motUs
PROPOSYI’rO XLIX. PROBLIZMA XI.<br />
~a& Me& dtw@ate & vi ElaJica, invenirl? ruclocitnfrm pd-<br />
s Uldrn.<br />
Fingamus Medium ab incumbentc pondere, pro nlorc ACris<br />
nofiri comprimi 5 fitque A alricudo Mcdii homogenci, c11.j~ ~OII -<br />
dus adzquet pondus iacumbens, & cujus denIit;ls cadcnl lit cum<br />
denfitate Medii comprefi, in quo pul~uus propaganrur. Chnflitui<br />
autem intelligacur PenduIum, cujus loljgitudo inccr ~~un~kum<br />
Eufpenfionis & ccntrurn ofcillarionis fit A : & quo tcmporc Pendulum<br />
illud ofcillationcm integram cx icu & rcditu compoiit:lm<br />
peragit, eodem puMi~ eundo conficiet fpacium circunz~~rcnti;~<br />
circuli radio A defcripti ~qualc.<br />
Nam itantibus qua in Propofitiolle xLvxl con~ru~92 hJt3<br />
fi linea qwzvis Phyfica .E I;; fingulis vibrationibus dcf~ribcx~do<br />
fpatium ‘PS, urgeatur in extremis itus & reditus cujui$uc loch<br />
T & 8, a vi. Elafiica qu32 ipfius ponderi xquetur; pcragct h:w<br />
vibrationes fingulas quo ternpore eadem in Cycloidc, cujus pcrimeter<br />
tora longitudini 233 gqualis efi, ofcillnri pofl’ct : id adco<br />
quia vires aquales zqualia corpufcula per zqualia 43atia fimnl impt2lleXlt.<br />
C&are cum ofcihtionum tempora fint in iirbdupliwt:~<br />
ratione longitudinis Pendulorum, & longicudo Penduli :c~~uccur<br />
dimidio arcui Cycloidis totius; foret tcmpus vibrationis wius ;KI<br />
tempus ofcilltitionis Penduli cujus longitudo eil A, iu itibduplicata<br />
ratIone longitudinis t 5? S iEu P 0 ad lungitudinem A, Scd<br />
vis Elafiica qua lincola Phylica E G, in locis iiS cxtrcmis I”, J<br />
exifiens, urgetur , erat (in demonfirationc Propofitionis ~1.~1 I><br />
ad ejus vim toram Elafiicam ut Hi5 -Kiv ad v , hoc ell:<br />
(cum pun&urn X jam incidat jn T) ut HA’ ad V : & vis illa<br />
tota, hoc eit: pondus incumbcns, quo lincola IL 0 Cc~rnprir~itur~<br />
efi ad pondus 1incoIa: LX pondcris incumbcntis nlticudo A ad lilacoh<br />
longitudincm E G; adeoque cx zquo, vis qua lincoh h” C in<br />
locis his ‘FJ St S urgecur , cfc ad lincolx ilkus po~~dus ut 1$1%X. A.<br />
ad V %I2 G, five ut TO x fl, ad V If3 mm l2.K crac ad b’G ut<br />
P 0
I?I-I’I[LC3SOI’E-II& NATURAL-as<br />
nE ,IF,~~ u 7’0 ad V. Q.nrc cum tempera, quibus qualia corpora per<br />
4:oRI’*1:L!~1. ryilual~a fpatia impelluntur, fint reciproce in fubduplicata raeionc<br />
viriun3, erit ternpus vibracionis unius urgente vi illa Elafiica, ad<br />
tempus vibrationis urgente vi ponderis, in fhbduplicata ratione<br />
V V ad fpQ x A, atque adeo ad tetnpus okillationis Penduli cujus<br />
longitude et% A, in hbduplicatn ratione V V ad fp 0 x A, &<br />
[ubdupllcata rationc T 0 ad A conjun&im; id et?, in ratione intcgra<br />
V ad A. Sed tempore vibrationis unius ex itu & reditu compofitx,<br />
pulfus progrediendo conficit latitudinem ham B C. Ergo<br />
rempus quo pub percurrit iparium BC, efi ad ternpus ofcillatL<br />
onis unlus ex itu & reditu compofitz, ut V ad A, id CR, ut BC<br />
ad circumferentiam circuli cujus radius efi A. Ternpus autem,<br />
quo puifus percurret fpatium BC, efi ad tempuo quo percurret<br />
longitudinem huic circumferentiz zqualemr in eadem ratione;<br />
idesque rempore talis ofciIlarionis pulfus percurret longitudinem<br />
111uicircumferentk xqualem. ,$&E. 22.<br />
Cord. I. Velocitas Pulfuum ea eQ quam acquirunt Gravia,zqualiter<br />
accelerate motu cadendo, & caCu ho dekribendo dimidium<br />
alticudinis A. Nam temporc cafus hujus, cum velocitate cadendo<br />
acquifita, pulfis percurret fpatium quoci. erit aquale toti altitudini<br />
A, adeoque tempore okillationis unlus ex itu & reditu com-<br />
~ofiw, percurrct fpatium ayale circumferentia circuli radio A<br />
defcripri: efi enim tempus cabs ad tcmpus ofiillationis ut radius<br />
clrculi ad ejufdem circumferentiam,<br />
Cwol. 2. Unde cum altitudo illa A fit ut Fluidi vis ElaRica diretie<br />
& de&as ejufdem inverk; velocitas yulfuum erit in ratione<br />
compofita ex fubduplicata ratione denfitatis inverk & f’ubdupli-<br />
.cata ratione vis Elafiicz dire&e,<br />
Corporis, cujus tremore Pulfus excitantur, inveniatur numerus<br />
Vibrationurn data ternpore. Per numerum illurn dividatur fjparium<br />
quad pulfus eodem tempore Percurrere pofk, & pars inventa<br />
erir pulfus unius latitudo. &E. 1.<br />
Spe&ant Fropofitiones noviff~mx ad motum Lucis & Sonorum,,<br />
kux enirn cum proyagctur kcundum lineas re&as, tin &Zone ibla<br />
(Per
343<br />
(per Prop. XL!, & XLII,) .confiltere nequit. Sonivero propterc;:a r,ll~Vl~<br />
qtJOd 3 corporibus tremuh oriantul -, nihil allud itlot quam aerl~ SI,~~~KI) ~JS,<br />
pulius propagati, per Prop. xI,lr 1. Confirmatur id ex tremoribus<br />
quos excirant in corpori bus obje&is, fi modo vehementes fint 6(<br />
gl+as7c~, ~LLIJCS fint foni Tympanorum. Nam tremores ccleriorcs<br />
& breviores dlfhilius excitantur. Scd & Cones quoI‘vis, in chordas<br />
corporib~~s fonoris unifonas impn&os, CXCitWC trcmores IlotiG<br />
fim~lm efi, Confirmatur etiam ex velocitatc fonorum. Nan1 cllln<br />
pondera fpecifica Aqu”: pluvialis & Arger:ti vivi lint ad inviccm<br />
ut 1 ad 13: circiter, & ubi Mercurius in .&woriaelro alcitudilwn<br />
attingit digitoru,m Anglkcorum 30, pondus fpecificum Aeris fir<br />
aqutl; pluvialis fint ad invicem ut I ad 870 circitcr : crunc l)ondera<br />
Qecifica aeris,& argenti vivi ut 1 aa 11890. Yroillde cum<br />
altitudo argenti vivi fit 30 digitorum, altitude aeris unifi>rmIs,<br />
cujus pondus aerem nofirum ihbjeAum comprimcre polkt, crie<br />
3 56700 digitorum, feu pedum ffnglisortim 2972 5. hflque IIXC<br />
altitude illa ipfa quam in confiruhone hperioris Problemn.tis nominavimus<br />
A. Circuli radio 29725 pedum dofcripti circumfcrcntia<br />
efi pedum 186768. Et cum Pendulum digitos 3@ longumg<br />
okillatio~nem ex itu & reditu compofitam, tempore minutc)rum<br />
duorum fecundorum, uti notum efi, abfolvat; Pendulum pcdes<br />
29~725~ feU digitos 356700 lOngUn1 , ofcillationcm coniimilem tcmpore<br />
minutorum fewrldorum 130: abfolvere debebit. Eo igitur<br />
tempore ibnus progredkndo conficict pedes I 86768, adeoque<br />
ternpore minuti unius kundi pedes 979,<br />
Csterum in hoc compute nulla habetur ratio craffitudinis fijIi--<br />
darum particuIarwm aeris, per quam fonus utique propni;:ltur ill<br />
infianti. (3um pondus aeris fit ad pondus aqua ut E ad 870, :k<br />
files fint fere duplo denfiores quam aqua j ii particulx acris PC.,-<br />
nantur effe ejufdem circiter denfiraris cum p;tr*ticulis vcl aqux<br />
vel falium, & raritas aeris oriatur ab intervallis particL~l;~rulll :<br />
diameter particulz aeris erit ad intervallum inter centra llarticularu,m,<br />
uo I ad 3 vel xo circicer: & ad intervalIum inter plrn--<br />
ticulas ut I ad 8 vel 3” Froinde ad pedcs 97y qu0.s foritls mlpore<br />
minuti unius kcundi juxta caIcuIum iLlperiorcnl corlficict 9<br />
addere lket pedes y feu ICY circkcr, ob craflirudincrn p:lrticularum<br />
aeris : 8r iic ionus temporc mirluti unius ricL]ndi c[,rlficict<br />
pedes 1088 circiter.<br />
His adde quad vapores in aere latentes, cum cnt alter;us clateris<br />
& akerius toni, vix aut ne vix quidem pal’ti~ip;l~lt lllo~llm<br />
aeris veri quo foni propagantur. J-b tlutem quickcntibus, mo-<br />
bl!S
Sit A FL Cylindrus uni-<br />
formiter circa axep S in orbem<br />
a&us, Sr circulis concentricis<br />
B G M, (I HA?,<br />
523 IQ, .,EKT, &c. diftingua<br />
tur, Fluidum in O&es cy-<br />
lindrkos innumeros concentricos<br />
folidos ejufdem craffL<br />
tudinis. Et quoniam homogeneurn<br />
efi Fluidum 5 im-<br />
grefliones contiguorum Qrbium<br />
in fe mutuo fkSt.lk 3<br />
erunr (per Hy@thefin) ut<br />
eorum tranflationes ab invicem & fiperficies contiguaz in quibus<br />
impxeffbnes fiunt, Sijmprdio in Orbem aliquem major efi vef.<br />
YY<br />
nninor
346 I.‘HIL~SOPHIA Na,TURALLf<br />
11 f; MOTU minor e’x parte concava qUam ex parte convexa 5 prLxmkbit h-<br />
‘OR“OR”” preilio fortior, R mown Orbis vel accekrabit vel retardabit,<br />
prout in enndem regionem cum ipfius mote vel in contrariam dirigitur,<br />
Proinde IX Orbis ur,ufquiTquc in motu fuo uniformiter<br />
pcrfevercc,,debent impreiliorles ex parte utraque fibi invrcem aquari,<br />
& fierl in regiones cotmnrixh Unde cum imprefioncs iir~lt Ut<br />
conr~gu:~ filperficics & harunl tranilationes ab invlcem, erunt tranflationes<br />
inverk ur ltiperficies, hoc efi, inverfe ut dilperkierum dilh~ti;l:<br />
ab axe. IF’~llt autcm dkY”erentiaz motuum angularium circa<br />
axem UC !IX tranflationes applicatz ad d&an&s, five ut tranilariones<br />
direLk:te or diRanti;z inverk; hoc efi (conjun&is rationibus)<br />
ut quadrata dif’tantiarum inverfk. C&are ii ad infinit;x: reQae<br />
S A 13 C 23 E g parres fingulas<br />
erigarltur perpendicula<br />
Aa, E’b, Cc, Bd, Ee, kc.<br />
ipkrum ,$‘A, SB, J’C, SD,<br />
J’E, &c, q”;ldratis reciproce<br />
proportionalia, & per rer- 15<br />
minos pcrpendicularium du- i<br />
ci intelhgatur linea curva :<br />
Hyperbolica; erunt fiirnmaz i<br />
difikrentiarum, hoc efi, mo- :,<br />
tus tori artgulares, ut re- S<br />
fpondentes i~tl~m~ Jillearum ’<br />
An, Bb, Cc, CDd, Ee: id<br />
.-..&... ,..,*r**<br />
efi, fi ad conitituendum Medium<br />
uniformiter fluidurn, Orbium numerus augeatur & latitudo<br />
minuatur in infinitum, ut area: Myperbolicae his fummis analog=<br />
~.A&.$& Bb,$& Cc&DdL& Ee$& &c. Et tempera motibus angularibus<br />
reciproce proportionalla, erunt etiam his .areis reciproce<br />
proportionalia. Efi igitur tempus periodicum particul;t: cujufvis<br />
fD reciproce ut area 2) dR, hoc efi, (per notas Curvarum quadraturas)<br />
dire&e ut difiantia SD. ,$!& 23. ?I*<br />
Cwok. I. Hint motus angulares parcicularum fluidi fknt reciproce<br />
ut ipfirum difiantiz ab a,xe cyIindri> & velocitares abfoluta2:<br />
iirnt aquales.<br />
Coral. 2. Si Auidum in vak cylindrico loragitudinis infinite contineatur<br />
), & xylindrum alium interiorem contineat, revalvarur<br />
riutem cylindruk utergue circa axem communem, fintque ~evolutionuw
Eionum tempera ue igforum femidiametri, 9r perfeveret fluidi pars L.1arz.n<br />
ul3aquzque in mocu Co : erunt partium iingu,larum cempora pcri- s cC” N” “”<br />
odica ut ipfar’arum difianck ab axe cyIirtdrorum.<br />
C”oroZ. 3, Si cylindro & fluid0 a,d hunt modum motis addatur<br />
vel auferatur communis quilibec motils anguIasis 3 quoniam hoc<br />
nova motu non mucatur attritus ml~tuus parcium fluidi, non mu- -<br />
tabulltur rnotus partium inter Ce. Nam franflariones parciurn a!3<br />
invicem pendenc ab attritu. Pars quzliber in eo perieverabit<br />
rnotu, qui, attritu utrinque in conrrarias partes fatio, non magi5<br />
acceleratur quam retardatur.<br />
CbroZ. 4, Unde G toti cy1indrorum.k fluidi Syfiemati auferatur<br />
motus omnis angularis cylindri exterIoris, habebitur motus fluidi<br />
in cy lindro quiefcente.<br />
Coral. f. Egitur ii fluid0 & cylindro exteriore quiekentibus, revolvacur<br />
cylindrus interior uniformicer ; communicabicur motns<br />
circularis .fluido , & paulatim per totum fluidum propagabirur 6<br />
net prius definct augeri quam fluidi partes fingulaz motum Corollario<br />
quart0 definicum acquirant.<br />
CoroZ. 6. Er quorriam fluidum conatur motum fuum adhuc latius<br />
propagare , hujus imperu circumagetur eriam cylindrus exterior<br />
nifi violenter detentus ; sz accelerabitur ejus motus quoad ufque<br />
tempera periodica cylindri utriufque zquentur inrer k. C&od G<br />
cylindrus exterior violenter detinearur, conabitur is motum Auidi<br />
retardare; & nifi cylindrws interior vi &qua extrinfecus imprefi<br />
motum illum conkrvet, efficiet ut idem paulatim cefit,<br />
ae omnia in Aqua profunda fiagnante experiri licet.<br />
PROPOSI~IO LII. THEOREMA XL.<br />
C&s. X. Sit A FL Sphzra uniformitcr circa axem S in orbem,<br />
a($;r, & circulis concentricis BG’M, G E-fd\d, PIQ, E di:T, &c,<br />
-n 2 diltin-
348<br />
biflinnuatur h;]uidum in Orbes ifxiumeros COlmntriCOS ejufde&<br />
DE i+tlOTU<br />
C:ORI~OSUM cmfli[Zdinis. Fillge autenl Or*he~ !IlOS efie folidos 5 & quonjam<br />
I~~moge~~eun~ efi E;luidum3 imprefllony contiguorum ~rbium in<br />
ik mutuo fa&x, erunt (per Hypotl+II) UC eorclm tranilationes<br />
ab invjc-m & iilperficies COlltJgU3”, lfl qUibUs impdhncs fiunt.<br />
Sj jmprefio in Orbem aliquem major eit.vel m$lor ex par&Z con-<br />
~a172 cpi21 ex parte ccmma; pr337alebit nnpefllo f0rti0r, 8-z vcl+<br />
citatem orbis vel accelerabit vel retardabit, prout in eandem rcgionen<br />
cum ipfiu(; n~ocu vel iI1 conerariam dirigitur. Proinde ut<br />
Chbis unufquiiijue in nnotu Co perfeveret unifkniter, debebunt<br />
Jr~jprefiQnes ex parce u traquc fibI invlcem squari, 6r: fieri in re-<br />
@ones conrrarias. Unde cum impr&iones iint .ut contiguz finyerficies<br />
8; harum tranflationes ab invicem ; erunt tramflationea<br />
iIlver[e ut fuperhcies, hoc eit, inverfe ut quadrata difiantiarum muperficierum<br />
ci centro. Sbanr autem dlfferentix motuum angularium<br />
circa axem ut b3: tranflationes applicntz ad diftantias, five uc:<br />
cranflationes dire&e & difiaxltk inverfe j hoc efi (conjunCtis ra;<br />
tionibus ‘, LIE cubi difiantiarum inverk Qgare ii ad re6ke in&<br />
nita: JAB C‘D E 2, partes fingulas erigantur perpendicula A&,<br />
Bb, CC, Dd, Ee, &c, ipkum S.4 J’& 4% SD. SE, kc;<br />
cubis reciproce proportionalia , erunt fumm~ difkrentiarum, hoc<br />
efi, mows rori angulares, ut refpondentes fumrnz Iinearum ~a,<br />
Sb, Cc, IDd, E e: id efi (ii ad confiituendum Medium uniformi;<br />
ter fluidurn, numerus Orbium au&eatur F latitude minuatur in infinitum)<br />
ut are;l: Hyperbolicz Ials fumrnls al?alogx nag9 B b R,<br />
Cc& Zld,@ Ee&&c. Et tempora p!rlodica motibus angularibus<br />
reciproce proportionaliaj erunt etra? his areis reciproce<br />
proportionalia. Kill: igitur tempw periodlcum Orbis cltjufvis<br />
D 10 ‘reciprocc ‘ut area 9 d& hoc efi, (per notas Ourvarum<br />
quadraturas) dire& ut quadratum difiantis 5’23.. ,Id quad vohi<br />
yrimo demonfirare,<br />
Cns. 2. A centro Spharae ducantur infinitz re&3c: quqm pIuri*<br />
MX, quaz cum axe dates contineant atlgulos, xqualibus differenriis<br />
& mutuo fuperantes j. & his reL?is,cn32 axem, revolupis co,n&pe<br />
Orbe$ in annulos innumeros feCar1; & aWU.hs .unufqujfque, habebit<br />
annulos quatuor fibi contiguos, unum interiorem> aIterum +x#<br />
geriorem SC duos laterales. Attritu interioris & extcrjorjs flbn<br />
potefi annulus unufquifilue, nifi in motu ,juxta Iegem cafus primi<br />
&20, zzecjualirer & in parces contrarias’ urgeri. i Pa&t hoc ex ,dkmonfiracisne<br />
SINUS pri,mi. Et propterea annuIorLzm feries qu%libet.’
pp~~cmA MATHEMATIcA. 349<br />
a Glob0 in infinitUtl1 relta pfX,f$llS, movebitur pro lege cafius pri- LIUE!ir<br />
At SECUXUWZ,<br />
mi, niG quatenus impcditur ab attritu annulorum ad latera.<br />
ill rnotu hat lege fdl-0, atcritus ~?lilUloralm ad latera nullus efi;<br />
Ileque adeo ~noIum~ quo mit7US 11x lege fiat, in7pedieL si annuli,<br />
qui a centro xqualiccr diftant, vcl oitius rcvoIverentiir vi‘1<br />
tardius juxta poloc 3 quam JllxCa t~quatorcnl ; t3rdiores accelerarentw,<br />
s-(- vclociores retardarcntur ab cattritu muruo, & fit verge-<br />
- rem fernper tempera periodica ad aqualirarcm, pro lege cabs<br />
primi. Non impedit igitur hit attritus quo minus motus fiat k-<br />
cundum legem cabs primi, & propterea lex illa obtincbit: hoc<br />
d%, anntdorum iinguIoru~?l D3l~pcX~ periodica crunt ut qundrdra<br />
difiantiarum ipibrutn 2 centro Globi. Qod volui fecundo denl&ff<br />
rare.<br />
C’CZS. 3. Dividatur jam annulu~ unuiquifque h%onibus trad.<br />
verdis in particulas innumeras conitituentes f+ubfiantiam abioluge<br />
& uniformieer Auidam; Sr quoniam ha: Cetiiones non Cpe&ant ad<br />
legem mow6 circularis, fed ad conO+itutionem FJuidi iblummodo<br />
conducunt, peri‘everabit motus circularis ut prius, His kfiionibus<br />
annuli omnes quam millimi a&eritatem 632 vim attritus mutui aw<br />
non mutabunt aut mutabunt zqualiter. Et manente caui5rw-n<br />
proportiane manebic efi2&~rum proportio, hoc efi, proportio rnotlnum<br />
S= periodicorum temporum. L&,E.2).. Czterum cum mows<br />
circular&, & abinde orta vis centrifuga, major fit ad Ecfipkam<br />
quam ad Poles j debebit caufa aliqua adeire qua particulx iingula:<br />
in circ,ulis fuis retineantur J ne maceria quaz adEclipticam eft, recedat<br />
timper A centro & per exteriora Vorricis mig$et ad Poles, indcque<br />
per axem ad Eclipticam circulatione perpetua revertarur.<br />
708. I. Hint motus angulares partium fluidi circa axem globi,<br />
fht reciproce ut quadram diftantiarum ,i centro globi, 8~ velocieates<br />
abi’olutz reciproce ut eadem quadrata applicata ad difiantias<br />
ab axe. ,’<br />
.C’QY$. 2. Si globus in fluid0 qgiefcente fimilari et infinico circa<br />
axgn pofitione datum uniformi cum motu yevolvatur, cWrlmunil<br />
c+irur, motus flwfdo in morem Vorticis, & motus ifitc p~~ulacim<br />
propagabitur in infinitum ; neque prius ceffabit in firlguhs fluidi<br />
partibus accelerari, quam tempora period+ hgularum partium<br />
fint ut qpa&ata di&m$arum ‘5 cemro &hl.<br />
CO&, ZJ~:’ Qy++n Vorticis partes il+kores ob majorem ham<br />
velpcicatenn. atterunt CTS; urgent exteriorcs, motumq~ie ipllis ea a&icme
DE ?dDTIl one perpetuo communicant, & exteriores ilfi eandem motus quanc<br />
0 R I’ 0 R u >I. titatem in alias adhuc exteriores fimul transferunt, caque a&one<br />
fkrvant quantitatern motus i”ui plane invariatam; patet quad motus<br />
perpetuo transfercur 3 centro ad circumferentiam V orticis, 8~<br />
per infinitatem circumfcrentk al+rbetur. Materia inter I+hzricas<br />
duas quafvis i‘uperficies Vorrlci concentrlcas nunquam accekrabltur,<br />
eo quod motum omnem h mate& interiore acceptum<br />
transferc femper in exteriorem.<br />
c’o&. 4, Proinde ad conkrvationem orticis confianter in eodem<br />
movendi fiatu, requiritur principium aliqu@ a&ivum, $ quo<br />
glohus eandem fern per quantitatem motus fcciplat, quam imprimit<br />
in maceriam Vorticis. Abfque tali princtplo neceffe efi LIC globus<br />
&,Vorricis partes interiorr-s, propagantes kmper motum fium in<br />
exteriores, neque novum aliqucm morum recipience% tardefcanc<br />
paularim & in urbem a$ cMifX.Ult.<br />
CO&. 5. Si globus alrer huic Vortici ad certam ab ipfius centro’ ’<br />
gilifiantiam innataret, & interea circa axem inclinatione datum vi’<br />
aliqua confiarnter revolveretur j hujus motu raperecur fluidum in<br />
Vorticem: & primo revolveretur hicvortcx novus 8r exiguus una<br />
cum globo circa centrum alterius, & inrerea latius krperet ipfius<br />
motus, & paulatim propagaretur in infinitum, ad modum Vorticis<br />
primi. Et eadem ratione qua hujus globus raperetur motu Vorticis<br />
alterius, raperetur etiam globus alterius motu hujus 9 fit ut<br />
globi duo circa intermedium aliquod pun&urn revolverentur, feque<br />
mutuo ob motum illurn circuIarem fugerent, nifi per vim<br />
aliquam cohibiti. Poitea ii vires confianter impreik, quibus<br />
globi in motibus fuis perl”everant, ceffarent, 8c omnia legibus Mechanicis<br />
permitterentur , languefceret paulatim motus globorum<br />
(ob rationem in Coral. 3, & 4. afflgnatam) & Vortices tandem<br />
conquiefcerent.<br />
Carol. 6. Si globi plures datis in locis circum axes pofitione datos<br />
certis cum velocitatibus conitantec revolverentur, fierent: Vore<br />
tices totidem in infinitum pergentes. Nan1 globi finguli, eadem<br />
ratione qua unus aliquis motum iuum propagat in jnfinitum, propagabunt<br />
etiam mow fuos in infinitum, adeo ut fluidi infiniti<br />
pars unaquzque eo agitetur motu qui ex omnium globorum a&iionibus<br />
refulrat. Unde Vortices non definientur certis limitibusj,<br />
fid in Ce mutuo paulatim excurrent; globrque per aQioncs V&t&+<br />
cum in fk mutuo, perpekuo movebuntur de Iocis &is, titi, in<br />
~Corollario iuperiore expdfieum efi j neque cerrani quamvis inter fe<br />
‘\ gofitionem
RJ~NXPIA MATEHwATIcA.<br />
~%vol, 8. Si vas, fluidum inclufilm 8-z globus ~~VCIIC IWIC ~310..<br />
turn, & n~otu praztcrca communi angularl circa axcm quemvis datx.3rn<br />
revolvxn tur; quoniam hoc motu nova non mutatur attrirus<br />
pareium fauidi in fc invicem 9 non mutabuntur motus partium inter<br />
i-i?. Narn tranilationcs partium inter k pendent ab atcritu;<br />
Pars qwlibet in eo erkverabit moth quo fit Lit atwirL eX WJlO<br />
latere non magis tar cr etur quam accekretur attritu ex aleero.<br />
Lbrol. 9+ Unde fi vas quicfcat ac detur motus globi, dabitur<br />
rnotus fluidi. Nam concipc planum tranfire per axem globi &<br />
mocu contrario revolvi; & pone fiimmam tcmporis revolutionis<br />
hujus & revolutionis glpbi efG ad tempus revolutionis globi, ut:<br />
quadratunr kmldiametrr vafis ad quadraturn femidiamccri globi :<br />
& temyora periodic~a par&m fluid1 rcfpe&u phi ~hujus, erunt LIP<br />
quadrata difiandarum fiwrum ;i ccntro gIobi.<br />
GwaZ, IO. Proi,nde fi vas vel circa axem euradem cum glo,bo, vcl<br />
circa diverfurm aliqucm, data cum vclocitate quacunque movca..<br />
turJ dabitur nlotus A uidi. Nam i’i Syfiemati toti aukrartlr vnfis<br />
motus angularis, mancbunt motus omnes iidem inter k qui priusll<br />
per .Corol, 8. Et motus illi per Corul. 7. dabuntur.<br />
CuroX IX. Si vas & fluidurn quicfcant & globus uniformi cum<br />
motu rcvolvatur, propagabitur motus paulatim per Auidum tocum<br />
in vasJ & circumagerur vas nifi violenter detentum, neque prius<br />
definent fluidurn & vas accelwari, quam fint eorurn tcmpora pcrilodica<br />
azqualia remporibus periodicis globi. Qod fi vas vi aliqua<br />
detineatur vel revolva~r motu quovis conitanti & uniformi, deveniet<br />
A4edium paulatim ad fiaturn motus in,Corollnriis 8. 9 k IO.<br />
definiti, nw in alio unquam .fiatu quocunque pcricvcrnbit. Dcindc<br />
!vvcro fi, kribus illrs cefk~tibus quibus was & globus ce,rtis<br />
motibus
$1 llis omnibus ~uppono fluidum ex materia ~uoac? dedkatem<br />
& fluidiratem uniformi co&are. Tale efi in CJUO globus idem<br />
CodeIn CUIII mow, in eodem temporis intervallo> motus fimiles &<br />
;rquales, ad zquales kmper a k difhriass ubivis in fluid0 confiitutus,<br />
propagare p&it. Conacur quidem materia per motum<br />
&urn circularem recedere ab axe Vorti& & propterea premit<br />
marcriam omnem uireriorem. _Ex hat prefione fit attritus partitjlll<br />
forrior 8~ kpamtio ab invicem difficilior; & per conkquens<br />
chinuitur materiz fluiditas. Ruriirs ii partes fluidi funt alicubt<br />
craffiores ku majores, Uuiditas ibi minor erit, ob pauciorets fuper-’<br />
ficies in quihus partes feparencur ab invicem. %n hujufmodi cab<br />
bus deficientem fluiditatem vel lubricitate partium vel lentorealiave<br />
&qua conditione*refiitui hppono. ‘Hoc nifi fiat,, mat&a ubi<br />
minus ff uida et! magis cohrebit 8~ fkgnior hit, adeoyue motum<br />
tardius recipiet & longius propagabic quam pro ratione hperius<br />
afignata. Si figura vafis non !it Sphkrica, movebuntur particula<br />
111 lineis non circularibus fed conformibus eidem vafis figura, 8~<br />
tempera periodica ehnt ut quadrata mediocrium difiantizirurn &<br />
centro quamproxime. In partlbuo inter centrum 8;c circumferenham,<br />
ubi Xatiora fht fpatia, tardiorcs erunt mocus, ubi angufiiora<br />
velocioces , neque tamen particula velocirjres perent circumferenham.<br />
Arcus enim defcribent minus curves, 6z conatus recedendi<br />
3 centro non minus diminuetur per decrementum hujus, curvastura,<br />
quam augebitur per incrementum velocitatis. Pergendo a<br />
fpatiis angufiioribus in Jatiora recedent’ paulq longius a centro,<br />
fed ifio receffu tardefcent; & accedendo poflea de latioribus ad<br />
anguitiora accelerabuntur, .& fit per lvices tardefient & accelerab.untur<br />
particula: finguk in perpctuum. Hzc ita k habebunt in<br />
vak rigido, Pdwll in fluid0 inhito confiitutio Vorticum innote-<br />
1 kit per Propofitionis hujus Corollarium kxtum.<br />
Proprietaces autem Vorticuin hat Propohione invefiigare conatus<br />
fum, ut pertentarem @qua ratione ]PIiznomena coUIia per<br />
orti-
A EMATIC<br />
3J’f<br />
ortices explicari pofht. Nam Fhanomenon eit, quad Planeta- 131 n E rf<br />
rum circa jovem revolventium tempora periodica funr in ratione SEC “Ii Rvi’<br />
&$Quiplicata difiantiarum a centro Jovis; & eadem Regula obtinet<br />
jn Plan&s qui circa Solem revolvuntur. Obtinent autem h2t:<br />
Reguke in Planetis utrifque quam accuratiffime, quatenus obkrvationes<br />
Afironomica: haaenus prodidere. ldeoque ii Planet%<br />
illi zi Vorh&us circa Jovcm St Solem revolventibus deferantur,<br />
debebullt &am hi Vortices eadem lege revolvi. Verum tempera<br />
periodica partium Vorticis prodierunt in ratione duplicata d&ntiarum<br />
a centro motus: neque potefi ratio illa diminui & ad rationem<br />
fkfquiplicatam rcduci, nifi vel materia Vorticis eo fluidior<br />
fit quo longius difiat a centro , vel refifientia, quaz oritur ix defe&u<br />
lubricitatis partium fluidi) ex au&a velocitate qua partes<br />
fluidi ieparantur ab invicem, augeatur in majori ratione quam ea<br />
el? in qua velocitas augetur. Q uorum tamen neu trum rationi<br />
conientaneum videtur. Partes crafliores & minus’ fluidz.(nifi graves<br />
fint in centrum) circumferentiam perent; 82 verlfimile efi<br />
quod, etiamfi Demonfirationum gratia Hypothefin ralem initio<br />
SeCt.ionis hujus propofiuerim ut Refiltentia velocitati proportionalis<br />
efit, tamen Refiitentia in minori fit ratione quam ea velocitatis<br />
efi. Q, uo conceffo, tempera periodica partium Vorticis erunr<br />
in majori quam duplicata ratione difiantiarum ab ipfius centro.<br />
Qod ii Vortices (uti aliquorum efi opinio) celerius moveantur<br />
prope centrum, dein tardius ufque ad certum limitem, turn denuo<br />
celerius juxta circumferentiam j certe net ratio Mquiplicata neque<br />
alia quavis certa ac determinata obtinere potefi. Viderint itaque<br />
Philofophi quo pa&o Phaenomenon iilud rationis Ccfquiplicatx per<br />
Vortices explicari poflk<br />
P,oPosITIO LIII. THEOREMA XLI.<br />
Nam ii Vorticis pars aliqua exigua, cujus p.articulaz feu pun&a<br />
pkryfica datum krvant fiturn inter fe, congelarr rupponatur : haze,<br />
qaoniam neque quoad denfitatem filam, neqwe quoad vim infitam<br />
aut figuram ham mutatur, movebitur eadem lege ac prius: 8~<br />
%z contra,
II E h’l OTIJ contra, fi Vorticis pars congelata & folida ejufdem ik denfitatis .<br />
cortp ORuh4 cum reliquo Vortice, & rerolvatur in Auidum ; movebitur haec eaden1<br />
legc ac pius, niii quatenus ipfius parriculg jam Aaidz fa&g<br />
moveantur inter k Negligatur igfrur motus parricularum inrw<br />
fe, tanquam ad totius motunr progreflivum nil.fpeRams, 8r motus.<br />
fotius idem erit ac prius. Mtitus autem idem erit cum motu ah<br />
rum B/orticis partium a cefltro lrsqualiter difianrium, propte$e$,<br />
quad [olidwn in Fluidum refolutum fir pars Vorticis cazteris parribus<br />
confimilis. Ergo fblidum, fi fit ejufdem denfitatis cum mareria<br />
Vorticis, eodem motu cum ipfius partibus movebirw in mater.ia<br />
proxitne ambknEe relative, q~hdk~s. Sin denGus. fit, jam<br />
magis comiabitur recedere 2 centro ‘$rortisis8 quam prius; adeoque,<br />
Vorticis vim illam, qua prius in Orbita fuua tanqu,am in azquilibrio.<br />
condl-~turum retinebattir, jam hperans, receder a centro & rwol;<br />
vendo defcribet Spiralem ., non amplius in cundcm Ohem rediens,<br />
Et eodem argumenro pi rarius fit, accedct ad centrum. Jgitur Nan<br />
redibit in eundem Chbeln nifi fit e)..~fdem d;enfitati,s cum fluido.,<br />
Eo aurem in cafu oftenhm efi, quod revolvehztur eadem lege’cum<br />
pnrtibus Auidi a centro Vorticis xqualiter difiantibus. ,$2& E. 53.<br />
CO&, 1. Ergs folidum quad in Vorrice revoIvitur & in eund-em<br />
O&III kmper reditb relative quiekit in flu:idIo cui innatac.<br />
Carol. 2, Et fi Vortex iit quoad cle~4kArem wGfok%n.& co~$us<br />
.ide.m ad quamlibet a centro Vorticis difiantiam revolvi potcfi.<br />
Nine Iiquet Planetas 3 Vorticibus corpoks non &F&G. N?wI~~<br />
Planetx fecundum Hypothefin Coperlzic~anz circa Solem delati re*<br />
volvuntw in E,llipfibu$ uti,bilicum hbentibuh iia S,ole, 8~ radiis ad<br />
Solem d&is areas defcribunt remporibus proportion&s. At partcs<br />
Vorticis tali mowrcvo~yi nequc’unt, Defi.gm3~~~t AD, BE,C+F,<br />
O~bes trek circa S’olem S dekriptosy q\rorum extimus cir;’ circul’us<br />
dil~$b;li com32ntri;Cus; S;: iilter~orutil du4rtiti ApWia ht ‘4, B SE:<br />
Periheha 92, $3. Erg@ c&pw, qkd~revcsdvikur ‘in O&e :G F, rzdio<br />
ad Solem du&o areas temporibus proporrionales dcfcribendo, movcbitur<br />
uniformi cum mow. C~c,puS aute,m qaod revolvitur rin<br />
-&be BE’, tardius, movebitw .in Aplielio B Sr; VekXiiJS in. Peri-<br />
Jaelio, E, iecurldum kges Afkonomicas j cum tamen. fecundurn tee;-<br />
gcs h4ecbaaicas materia VoWicis in @ati allgufiiore inlter.,A& G<br />
velocius
15P<br />
d&eat qunm in atio Intiore inter 72 8-z F; id 1, i I: 1’1)<br />
efi, in Aphelia velocius quam in erihelio. C&p duo repugnant ’ F.r”“i ”’ CL<br />
inter fe. Sic in principio Signi<br />
Virginis, ubi Aphelium Martis<br />
jam verfatury drhncia inrer 01’~<br />
bes Martis & Vcsnep’is efi ad .$ifiantiam<br />
j&orundem’ .orbium in<br />
principio Signi PAium ut tria<br />
:ad duo circiter, & propterea<br />
r32hteria Vorricis ‘$nter 0-h ilh<br />
40s in *principio Piicium d&et x<br />
effe velocior quam in principio<br />
Virginis in ratione trium ad duo.<br />
Nam quo anguSus efc ipatium<br />
per quod eadem. Materia quan-<br />
71Ggas ,~eddekn -,revQlutionis unius<br />
4zempore ,4xanfit 9 ,eo majori cum<br />
yehpitate ,@ranfire ,debet. Igitur ii 4Yerrn in hat Materia cceleo<br />
fi; r&e&e quickens ab ea dektrecur,, & una circa Solem ire-<br />
:“volaeretur, foret .hujus velocitas in principio Pifcium ad ejutdem<br />
~&oeftat33n #irk 7pri&ipio Virginis ‘in racione fkQuialce.ra. ~Ulltb2<br />
Solis ,motas .diurrius apparens in yincipio ‘Virginis xn~jor ! efit<br />
qy~m minutorum :primorum tiptuagintas ‘& Gn princiyio<br />
tihor quam minutorum quadraginta & o&o: cum tamsn<br />
,4e.gtia z t&e) apparens ifie Salk motus major fit in print<br />
S&~ium. quart in .principio Virginis! &pFopterea Terra velo<br />
m cipio SUginis ‘quam in pninoipio Plfcium. Itaque Hypothefis<br />
rticain cum: Plxew3menis Afironomicis omnino pugnat, & non<br />
tarn ad explioandos quam ad perturbandos motus ccclefks conqjuci,t.<br />
.C&omodo vero motus ifii in iis libcris abdquc ortis<br />
peraguntxlr intelligi undi<br />
emate pknius doaebitur.<br />
”
Pg Libris pracedentibus principia Philofophia tradidi, non tamen<br />
Philofoph a fed Mathematics tanturn, ex quibus vi&-<br />
licec in rebus hilofophicis difputari pofl’it. k?ax fiint mow<br />
tuum & \Pirium leges & conditiones, qu3: ad Philofophiam maxime<br />
fpe&ant. Eadem tamen ,’ ne ficrilia videantur , illufEravi<br />
Scholiis quibufdam Philofophicis 9 ea w&tans qua generalia Cum,.<br />
& in quibus Philofophia maxime fundari videtur, uti corporum<br />
deniitatem & refiltentiam, fpatia corporibus vacua, motumque<br />
L&s or: Sonorum. SupereR ut ex iifdem principiis doceamus confiitutionem<br />
Syitematis Mundani. De hoc argument0 compofue-,<br />
ram Librum tertium methodo populari, ut a pluribus Iegeretur,<br />
Sed quibus <strong>Principia</strong> pofita fatis intelleaa non fuerint, ii vim confequenciarum<br />
minime percipient, neque prazjudicia deponent quibus<br />
a multis retro annis infueverunt: & propterea ne res in difputationes<br />
trahatur, fummam libri illius tranfiuli in Propofitiones,<br />
more Mathematico, ut ab iis folis legantur qui <strong>Principia</strong> prius<br />
evolverin t. Veruntamen quoniam Propofitiones ibi quam plurimaz<br />
occurranr, qua: Le&oribus etiam Mathematice do&is moram<br />
nimiam injicere pofint, author effe nolo ut quifquam eas omnes<br />
evolvat 5 fuffecerit fiquis Definitiones, Leges motuum & fk95ones.<br />
tres prior-es Libri primi kdu-lo legar, dein tranfeat ad hunt Li-.<br />
brum de Mundi Syfiemate, & reliquas Librorum priorum Propo,<br />
Gtiones hit citatas pro’ lubitu confulat.
Bcunt utique Philofophi : Natura nihil agit frufira, & frufira<br />
fit per plura quod fieri potefi per pxuciora, Natura onim<br />
x ef3 & reruin caufis fuperfluis noii luxuriat.<br />
Uti refpirationis in Hbmiite & in BkfIia j dkfdenfus )nJkJuu~ in<br />
JQf-opd & ill America j Lucis in Igne culinari & in SoIc; r&xionis<br />
~ucis inTerra & in Hanetis,<br />
R E G U L k’b III.<br />
Nam qyalitates corporum non nifi per cxperimcn ta innotcll;: tllltz<br />
igkoque. gencrales fiacuenda hunt cpocquot cum cxpcrimcrltiy KCniraliter<br />
quadrant ; 8t: quti minui non poirunt, non poftii~lc ju-<br />
FYrri. Gerte contra cxpcrimentorum tenorcm fomnia tcmcre confing~nda,<br />
~9x1. funt, ncc a Narurx analogia rcccdcndum CR, CLIP<br />
ca
i?r AI,xI?l ij fimplex ~0% foIeat SC dibi femper confona- Extenfio corporum<br />
Sai~cblATE~,~~ nifi per i&fus jnnotei‘cit, 1lfX in omnibus kntitur: Ted quia<br />
hfibillbus omnibus compew dc univerfis tiflirmarur, Corpora<br />
phi2 dufa eik experimur. 0ritur autem durities COtius a duritic<br />
pareium, & jnJe ‘no11 horum tailCuti> corporum HUE ientiufitiur,<br />
ibd aliorum etiam on$liilm particulas indiviks &Ye du’ras mePito<br />
concludimus. corpora omnia impenerrabilia eG2 flOn ratione fid<br />
fi2nfu ct)Iligimus. (&IX ‘ttw.%mus, impenetrabilia ifiveniuntur, &<br />
illde conc]udimus impenecrabilitatenl efi proprieratem corporum<br />
univerforum. Corpora omnia mobilia effe, Se viribus quibufdam<br />
(qllcls vires inert& vocamus) perfkverare in motu vel quiete, ex<br />
17 j& corporum viforum ,prdprietaeibus cdlliginik7. ‘EWcrifr‘o, ‘dtiritles,<br />
impei~etrabiliras , mobilitas & vis inerdz totins, mitur ab<br />
exrenfione, durltie, impenetrabilitate, mobilitate & viribus inert!:.<br />
partiurn : & inde concludimils omnes bmnium corporum par...<br />
tes minimis exrendi & duras effk & impenetrabiles St mob2esi :&<br />
viribus inerr& prxditas. Et hoc efi ,fundamentum Philofophiae<br />
to tius. Porro corporum partes diviIas Csr fibi mutuo contiguas ab<br />
jnvicem kparari pofi, exPhznomenis novimus, & partes indiv&s<br />
in partes minores ratione didtingui poffe ex Mathematics<br />
certum efi. Utrum vero “parces illcl: difiinQx & \nondum divi&<br />
-per vifes’Natka.z &vidi ik ab invicem kparari pofint, i&+&m<br />
efi. At G vel unico confiaret experiment0 quod particdktiliqua<br />
indivif& frangendo corpus durum QT: iblidum, divifionem patere-<br />
.k..r : concluderetius vi hhjus Regulx, quod ncjh *folum partes di..<br />
-vik ,feparabiles &l&t, fed etiam ,quod indiGtk in infinitum dividi<br />
pofli3 t.<br />
Denique fi corpora omnia in circuitu Terrs gravia effe inTerram,<br />
idque pro quantitate mater& in fingtilis, & Lunam gravem<br />
effe in Terram pro quantitate maceriz fux, & vicifim mare no..<br />
firum grave eKe,in Lunam, .& PI&eta! omnes..-&raves,tiffe in .;Te<br />
mutuo, 8a Comctarum fimilem effe gravitatem, per experimenta<br />
& obfervationes Afkonomicas univerfiliter co&et: $cerk!um Grit<br />
per ,hanc ,Regdlam gytid corpcra otinia in Sk mhtuo’” grti$itant.<br />
Nam & fortius erit argumenturn ex Phlenomenis de :gravitate uni..<br />
bei-fali, qtiaui de ‘corporum in,ipeneti%bilirace: ‘de. qua utkitie in<br />
corpo~ibus Coe’leftibus nullum expf3inientUn3 nulkim prorfis “i+kriadonem<br />
’ ha’b6mus.
Id. z*$!‘, zy’, 34”. 3!, 13~. x3’. 42”. 7”‘. 3? L&z ! 36”. ~6”. 1 (jr’. 32’. y”,<br />
1.1 II r. R<br />
‘I’ I’ I, ‘1’1 u s.
hlercurium & Venerem circa Solem revolvi ex eorum phafibus<br />
lunaribus demonfiratur. Plena facie lucentes ultra Sol&m fiti funt><br />
dimidiata 2 regione Solis, fhata cis Solem j p&r difcum .ejus ad<br />
modum macularurn nonnunquarn trankuntes. Ex Martis quoque<br />
plena fkie propc Solis conjun&ionem, & gibbofa in quadracuris,<br />
certum efi quad is Solem ambit. De Jove etiam & Saturno idem<br />
ex eorum phafibus kmper plenis demonfiratur,<br />
l?H&NQMENQN<br />
IV.<br />
~dnetdrum qwinque primariorum, & (cuel Solis circa Terrdm 5x1)<br />
Terrle circa Solem rempow periodicu e[e ilz ratione fe$qu@&<br />
~~td mediocrium di/h&wum ~2 Sole.<br />
HXC A I
De difiantiis Mercurii & Vencris n Sole difputandi IIOII cfl IOCLIS,<br />
cum haz per eorum Iongationcs 5~ Sole deccrmincntur. De difiantiis<br />
c&m fhperiorum Plaaetarum ci Sole tollicur 0mniS d+utatio<br />
per Eclipks Satellitum fovis. Erenim per Eclipks illas dcterminatur<br />
pofitio umbrg quam Jupiter projicir, Sr: eo nominc<br />
habetur Jovis longitude Heliocentrica. Ex longitudir~ibus aLltern<br />
Heliocentxica & Geocentrica inter fe collatis dctcrmhatur diitan -<br />
tia Jovis.<br />
PH,.iENOMENON V.<br />
.Phzetm prhzur~os, radiis ad Terrmn dz&is, mm defcriherc temporibm<br />
FPG&EW proportiondes j dt rddG8 ad Solem did&s, nrem<br />
tewporib~5 proportionules percwrcre.<br />
I<br />
Nam refpeQuTerrx: nunc progrediuntur, mrnc ftatioaarii f~rnr~<br />
nunc etiqm regrediuntur : At Solis rcfpe&u fernper progrediuntur,<br />
idque propemodum uniformi cum motu, fed paulo cclerius tamen<br />
in Periheliis ac tardius in Apheliis, fit ut arearum zquabih fit dcfiriptio.<br />
Propofitio kfi Aitronomis notifima, & in Jove npprimc<br />
demonfiratur per Eclipks Satellitum9 quibus Eclipfibus ldcliocentricas<br />
Planetzl: hujus longitudincs & difiantias li Sole dctcrminari<br />
diximus.<br />
atet ex Lunar motu apparentc cum ipfius diamcrro apparcntc<br />
collata. Perturbatur autem motus Lunaris aliquantultrm ;I vi Solis,<br />
kd errcxum infenfixbiles minutias in hifcc Phwomcnis q&gyw
DE MuNlJs<br />
SYSTEhlATE<br />
Atet pars prior Propofitionis p%r P~w~~m~~on- primL?m, &<br />
Propofitionem fecundarn vel tertiam Libra primi: ‘I$ ars<br />
pofieriar per Pha33.amenon primum, &: Corollarium fextuni f: row<br />
pofitionis quartz ejufdcm l,ibri.
Eitet affertionis pars prior per Phznomenon kxtum, & Propo-<br />
&Mitionem SeCUndam vel tertiam Libri primi : & pars pofterior<br />
+r .rncirtIht tardifimurn Lunaris ApogXi. Nam mows ilk, qui<br />
fingulis revol’utionibus eit graduum tantum trium & minurorum<br />
trium ia c0nfeqwentia, contemni poreit. Patet cnim (per Coral. 1.<br />
Prop.xLv. Lib. I.) quod fi difianria Lun3: a centro Terra: fit ad<br />
GZnidiametrum Terra ut D’ad I; vis a qua mocus talis oriatur iit<br />
iwiproce ut D z&~, id eft, reciproce ut ea ipfius D dignitas cujUs<br />
Index efi 22&, hoc e&in rarione d&antia: paulo majore quam<br />
d’uplicata inverie ,* i’ed qurr: partibus 59: propius ad duplicaram<br />
quam ad triplicatam accedit. Oritur vero ab a&iorie Solis (Ufi<br />
pofihac dicetur ) & propterea hit negligendus eit;. A&io Sobs<br />
quatenus Lunam difirahit a Terra, ef? UC difiantia LL~CEZ a Terra<br />
quamproxime j ideoque (per ea quz dicuncur in Coral. 2. Prop.<br />
XLV. Lib, F.) eit ad Lunar: vim centriperam ut z tid 3 ~,7,45 circi-<br />
6er, feu I ad 178$Z. Et negle&a Solis vi tantilla, vis reliqua qua<br />
una retinerur in Urbe erit reciproce ut D 2. I’d quod edam<br />
plenius confiabit conferendo hanc vim cum vi gravi.tatis; ut fk<br />
in ~~ropofieione fequente.<br />
GwuZ. Si vim centripeta mediocris qua Luna retinetur in Orbe,<br />
‘;augeatar pritio in ratione r77@ ad 178$$, deinde etiam in rati-<br />
;one duplkaca kmidiametri Terraz ad mediocrem d’ifiantiam centri<br />
Eunze a centro Terra : habebitur vis centripeta Lunaris ad hperficiem<br />
Terra , @ito quod vis illa dekendendo ad hperficiem<br />
Terra, perpetuo augeatur in reciproca altitudinis ratione du-<br />
$3licata.<br />
PR.OPOSIT’IO IV. TH-EOREMA IV.
DE h’f!JN~l<br />
~YSTEhIATEf~qU~~~~~r<br />
chne~ 56% Afi ~ycho, & quotquot ejus Tabulas refra&ionur~<br />
, confiituendo refrafliones Soils & Un;E (omnino con-<br />
Era nacllram Lucis) majores quam Fixarum, Jdque firupulis quasi<br />
quatuor vel quinquc, auxerunt paralla,xin Lunz fcrupulis tocidem,<br />
hoc eft, quafi duodecima vcl decima quinta parte totius parallaxeos.<br />
Corriga tur iite error, & diitantia evadet quail $02 kmi-<br />
&ametrorum terrekiiim, fere ut ab aliis afignatum ek Affimamus’<br />
difianti;am mediocrenz kxagints femidiametrorum 5 & Luna-<br />
rem periodurn refpeQu Fixarum cbmp!eri diebus 273 horis 7, r&<br />
nutis primis 43, ut ab Afironomis itatu;turj atque ambitum Terry<br />
ere pedum Parifienfium I 2324.3600, utr a Gallis menfurantibus defiraitum<br />
eit : Et G Luna motu omni privari fingatur ac dimitti ut,<br />
errgenre vi illa omni qua in Orbe f30 retinetur, defcend’ar in Terram<br />
j hzc fpatio minuti unius primi cadendo defcribet pedes Parilien&<br />
151% Colligitur hoc ex calculo vel per Propofitionem<br />
xxxvr. Eibri primi, vel (quad eodem recidit > per Corokium<br />
nonurn Propofitionis quartz ejufdem Libri, confe&o, Nan1 ar..<br />
cus illius quem Luna tempore minuti unius pr;imi, me&o f$o<br />
motll, ad diitantiam kxaginta fkmidiametrorum terrefirium de-<br />
fir&at, finus verCus efi pedum Parifienfium 15~~~ circitec. Wkde<br />
cum vis illa accedendo ad Terram augeatur in duplicata difiantia:<br />
ratione invcrfa, adeoque ad ~uperficiem Terra: major fit partihus<br />
60 x 60 quam ad -Lunam 3 corpus vi illa in regionibtts nofiris ~11..<br />
dendo, defcribere deberet fpatio minuti unius primi pedes Parifienfes<br />
60 X 60 % I 5;i, & ipatio minuti unius fecundi pedes x 5h.<br />
A tqui corpora in regionibws nofkis vi gravitaris cadendo, defcribunt<br />
tempore minuti unius fecundi pedes Parifienks 15132, uti<br />
Huge&w fa&is pendulorum experimentis & computo inde inito,<br />
demonfiravit : Sr propterea (per Reg. r. 6t Ix.) vis qua Luna in<br />
Qrbe $uo ret&cur, illa ipfa el% quam nds Gravitatem dicere fo]e-<br />
J~IUS. Nam ii Gravitas ab ea diverfa efi, corpora vEribus utrifqtie<br />
conjun&is Terram petendo, duplo veIocius dekendent, & fpatio<br />
sninuti unius kcundi cadendo defcribenr pedes Parifien& 30% :<br />
omnino contra Experientiam.<br />
Calculus hid fundatur in hypotheh quod Terra’qukfcit. &Jam<br />
G Terra & Lun;) circum ,Solekn moveantur, & inter,ea q,uoque cir*<br />
cum cammune gravitatis centrum revolvantwr : , diltantia centrorum<br />
Lunx: ac Terra ab invicem erit 60; femidiametroruti ter-<br />
I:efirium j. uti conhputationkm (per Prop. IX, Lib. 1. ) ineunti<br />
gwzebitk ,.<br />
&,‘&
Nam revoluriones Phnetarum Circumjovialium circaJovem, Cir-<br />
6Xlmiaturniorum circa’ Saturnum, Sr Mcrcurii ac Vencris rcliquorumque<br />
CircumfT3larium circa Solem iimt Phanomena ejufdcm gcneris.<br />
cum revo~luciplle LulXC circa Terram j & propceren per<br />
Reg. IL ci caufis ejufdem geqeris dependeut : yrskrth cum demonftratum<br />
fit quod vires, h quibus rcvo1thonc.s ilh depcndem,<br />
ref’iciant centra jovis, Saturni ac Solis, & reccdendo ri Jove, Sam<br />
tur’t~o & Sole decrefiant eadem ratione ac kge, qua vis gravitatis<br />
decrefcit in recef5.u A Terra.<br />
fZk~vo,f,. I.. Gravitas igitur datur in Planetas univerfos, Nam Vcnercm,<br />
M&curium, czterofque effe corpora cjufdcm gcncris cum<br />
Jove 6t Sarurno, nemo dubitac. Et cum attraCti omnis (per mo-<br />
$1~23 Legem tertiam) mutua fit 9 Jupiter in Satellires files omncs;<br />
Saturnus in Cues, Terraque in. Lunam, & Sol in Planetas omnes<br />
primaries gravitabit.<br />
CuraL 2. Gravittitem,’ quz Planetam unumquemque rerpicit, efc<br />
reciproce ,ut quadraturn diftantiaz locorum ab ipfius centro.<br />
curot; . Graves fine Planets omnes in fe mutuo per Coroll. I.<br />
& 2. Et .f? inc Jupiter & Saturnus prope conjurkkioncm k irzviccm<br />
attrahendo, hfibiliter perturbant motus mucuos, Sol perturbat<br />
nlotus kunares, Sol & Euna perturbalIt Mare nofirum 3 UC in<br />
fiquentibus explic,abit.ur.<br />
P.R.OPOS1’J?IO VI. THEOREM~A VI.
v<br />
1) I( ~1 UN ,, I remporibus fieri, jamdudum obkrvarunt alii 5 6c: accuratifime qui-<br />
~IS’~~A~~~TE dem notare licet aqualitatem temporum in Pendulis. ,Rem ,tentavi.<br />
in Aura, Argento, Plumbo, Vitro, Arena, Sale communi, Ligno,<br />
Aqua, Tritico. Comparabam pyxides duas ligneas rotukdas &<br />
squales. Unam implebam Ligno ) & idem Auri pondus Mjpendeban2<br />
(quam potui exaAe) in alferius centro ol’cillationis;<br />
ab ;~qu~libus pedum undecim filis pendentes, confiitueb<br />
dul;l? quoad pondusJ figuram, & aeris refifientiam omnin’o pal;ia:<br />
EC paribus &illationibus> juxta.pofita, ibant una Sr redibant dintiflime,<br />
Proinde copia materiae 111 Auro (per Coral. I. & 6. Prop.<br />
~:XIV. %ib. II.) erat ad copiam mater& in Ligno, ut vis motricis<br />
a&io in totum Aurum ad ejuii;lem aaionem in totum Lignutn ; h”oc<br />
e[t, UC pondus ad pondus. ,Et & in catteris. In corporibus ejuf_<br />
dem ponderis diA-‘erenria materk, quaz vel minor e&t quam pars<br />
nlillefima mater& rorius, Isis experimentis m!anifefIo deprehendii<br />
potuit, jam vero naturam gravitatis in g!,netas, eandem effe atque<br />
in Terrnm, non efi dubium. Elevari e,fIlm fingantw co,rpwa kc<br />
Terreflria ad ufque Orbem Eunx, & una cum Lwna mptu omni<br />
privata demitti, UC inTerram fimul cadant; & per jam ante offenfa<br />
certum efi quod temporibus zqualibus dekribent aqualia Qatia<br />
cum Luna, adeoque quod fint ad quantitarem mater&z in Luna, ue<br />
pondera Lila, ad ipfius pondus. Porro quoniam Satellites Jovis<br />
temporibus revoIvuntur qutc runt in ratione kfquiplicata ‘ditiantiarum<br />
a ceilltroJovis, erunt eorum gravitates acceleratrices in Joi<br />
vem reciproce u.t guadraca difiantiarum j centro Jovis; & propterea<br />
in zqualibus a Jove difiantiis, eorum gravitates, acceleratsices-<br />
,evaderen,t aequales. Proinde temporibus zequal’ibus. ab ;EqualPbus<br />
altitudinibus cadendo,. defcriberent xqualia @atia j perintie ut.‘: f;itr<br />
in gravIbuqF in hat Terra kfira. Et eodem argument0 PknetaE1<br />
circkmfolares ab aqualibus 3 Sole difiantiis demif?i, dekeni”u ,610<br />
in Solem equalibus temporibus aqualia fpatia deIk+berent, Kres<br />
autem, quibns corpora inzequalia zqualiter accelerantur, Eunt, ut<br />
corpora j hoc efi, pondera ut quantitates mate& ia Plane&.<br />
!?ONQ Jovis & ejus Satellitum po!ldera in Sole proportionalia<br />
,efFz quantitatibw materk e.orumy p!ate,t .ex motu W4iWm qua02<br />
maxi&o regd]aG ; per Coral, 3:. Prop, LSV, L Nasm, ii horum<br />
aliqwi magis- W&erentur in S.olem, pro Qv&tit,ate mater&<br />
fu33 quam ckteri : motus Satellitum, ( per Coral, 2.‘ Prop. ILXV,<br />
Lib. 1.) ex iazqklitare attrafiionik per8u&aw$&.ur. Si (pw&us<br />
2 Sole difiantiis~ Sat&es aliquis. graviQr &Get ia So@m pxo. QW~~<br />
tirate
titate mater& f&E, quam Jupiter pro cpantifxte mareriz fw, in<br />
ratione quacunque data, puca d ad e: diltantia inter centrum So- ~k~:t’;:,.<br />
lis & CXntrum Orbis Satellitis, major femper foret quam diltantia<br />
inter centrum Solis & centru.m Jovis in racione hbduplicara quam<br />
proxime 5 uti cal~~lis quibufdam inicis inveni. Et fi Sacelles minus<br />
gravis cn”et in Solem in rationc illa d ad P, difiantia centri<br />
Orbis SacellitGs a SoIc rt~inor foret quam diftantia’centriJovis ;j<br />
Sole in racione illa iubduplicata. lgitur fi in squalibus 3 Sole<br />
diltaneiis, gradaS accelerat$x Satelhtis cujufvis in Solcm major<br />
cflkr’ +el minor grlam ,gravlcas accelerarrix Jovis in Solem, parce<br />
ta~~tum ‘millefima grawratis -torius 5 foret difiantia cencri Orbis<br />
Sarellitis A Sole major. vel minor quam difiantia Jovis ,i Sole<br />
P=Erte Go di&antiz torius, id eit, parte quinta dihncix Satellicis<br />
extinii A centro Jovis : C&x quidem Orbis eccentricicas fore valde<br />
fcnfibilis. Sed Orbes Satellitum fint Jovi concentrici, & propterr=a<br />
gravitates accekratrices jayis & Sa.tellitum in Solem axy2azntur<br />
S&~rer’ {‘CL Et eadem aSgumenco pondera Saturni isI: Comitum cjus<br />
irl Solem, in tXq u&bus . A Sole diftantiisJ fhnc ut quantitates mntc-<br />
Xi,% ii-i ipas : Et pen&-a Luna: ac Terra: in Solem vel nulla iiu~t,<br />
we1 e.arua l&Q wCurate proportionalia. Aliqua autem h-~t per<br />
orsl. I., & 3. Prbp. v.<br />
Q&&km pondera garrium GqyEasum Bl~net~~ cu~ufque~ in<br />
i+.iwm quemcu#qw$ C&E, inter fc uE, materia 6n pwi5b.w fiilgulfis.<br />
Nam ii partes a!ique plus g,ravPfkXent, diamim~s, quam pro C$UaLl-<br />
-- difare materk: Planeta totUS, pro genere partium quibus maxime<br />
,*bag&tj gpa&&t: mngis, v& minw quam pra quantitatc materi<br />
.&wiw. $d q~c..&?gyr. wLtrun3 par&f3 iEh externs fii3.t vel Bnternz<br />
.N%m, fi ver-b.i .graria c.orposa Tew2Oria, qua2 spud nos hnt, in<br />
Orbem Lund elevari fingantur,& conferanrur cum corporc kunce:<br />
Si horum pondera erent ad pondera partium externarum LUIU<br />
I.I& quantirates materia in iifdem, aid po-ndcra vero phrtium internarm<br />
in majai ael .minosi rarione, forent eadem ad pondus<br />
nz torius in. m,aj.oai *vvd: mimor5 ratione :. contra quam hpra<br />
fidilm efl?. .<br />
_ cmei f. inc pmw&im ~orporum non pedenr ab eorum foris<br />
& l~XCU.r~S. Ham fi cum Forn$: variari POfilIt j FOlWlt ma--<br />
ra vel minora, pro varietate formaturn,. i.n aquali~ maWia: OllTnmp<br />
corma Experientiam.<br />
I . :<br />
G?r0Z.
I<br />
r> F i\ I u F! n I<br />
I;,‘STEMATE .<br />
CO&. 2, Corpora univerfa quz circa Terram func, gravia funt<br />
m Terrain ; & .pondera omnium, qulr: azqualiter A centro Terra<br />
diitant, funt ut quantitates materiz in iifdern. I~[zc efi qualitas<br />
omnium in quibus experimenta infiituere hcet, 8r propterea per<br />
Reg. I rr. de univerfis affirmanda efi. Si Ather aut corpus aliud<br />
quodcunque vel gravitate omnino deititueretur, vel pro quantitate<br />
mater& f~m minus gravitaret : quoniam id (ex mente Arz~atelis,<br />
c&rteJ’ & aiiorum) non differt ab ahis corporibus. niG in forma<br />
materix, pofit idem per mutationem forma gradatrm tranfmutari<br />
in corpus ejukfem conditionis cum iis qua2, pro quantitate mater&<br />
.quam maxime gravitant, & viciffrm corpora maxime gravia, fornlam<br />
illius gradatim induendo, pofint gravitatem ham gradatim<br />
amitcere. AC proinde pondera penderent B formis corporum,<br />
poirentque cum formis variari, contra quam probatum eR in<br />
lrCorollari0 fuperiore.<br />
CoroL 3, Spatia omnia non Gnt zqualiter plena. Nam ii fpatia<br />
cmnia aqualiter plena effent, gravitas fpecifica Auidi quo regio<br />
acris impleretur, ob fummam denfitatem mater& nil cederet gravitati<br />
fpecifica: argenti vivi, vel auri, vel corporis alterius cujuC<br />
cunque deniifimi ; & propterea net aurum neque aliud quodcunque<br />
corpus in aere defcendere poiret. Nam corpora in fluidis,<br />
nifi fpecifice graviora fint 3 minime dekendunt. Qyod *ii<br />
.quantitas mater& in fpatio dato per rarefaeionem quamcunque<br />
.diminui pofit, quidni diminui pofit in infinitum?<br />
Coral. 4. Si omnes omnium corporum particulze folidz fint ejuf-.<br />
dem deniitatis, neque abfque poris rarefieri pofint, Vacuum da-<br />
:tur, Ejufdem denfitatis effe dice, quarum vires inertia: funt ut<br />
.magnitudines.<br />
&rod. f,:’ Vis gravitatis diverfi efi generis a vi magnetica. Nam<br />
.attra&io magnetica non eR ut materra attra&a. Corpora aliqua<br />
anagis trahuntur, alia minus, plurima non trahuntur. Et vis magnetica<br />
in uno & eodem corpore intendi pot& & remitti, eftque<br />
nonnunquam longe major pro quantitate materia quam vi3 gravitatis,<br />
& in receffu a Magnete decrekit in ratione difiantize non<br />
duplicata, kd fere triplicata, quantum ex crairas quibufdam c&&r==,<br />
sationibus animadvertere potui.
Planetas omnes in fi mutuo graves effr jam ante probavimus,<br />
ut & gravitatem in unumyuemquc korfim fpetiatum effe reciproce<br />
ut quadratum difiantilr: locorum A centro Planetaz. Et indc<br />
confkquens eft, (per Prop. Lxrx. Lib. 1. & ejus Corollaria ) gravitatem<br />
in omnes proporeionalcm efk matcrix in iii&m.<br />
orro cum Platletlr: cujufvis A partes omnes graves ht in PLI.~<br />
netam quemvis B, & gravitas partis cuju$ue fit ad gravitatem<br />
totiws, ut materia partis ad maceriam totius, I& a&ioni omni rea&i0<br />
(per motus Legem tertiam) aqualis fit ; Planeta B in partcs<br />
omnes Planeraz A vicifflm gravitabit, & erit gravitas filla in partern<br />
unamquamque ad gravitatem Guam in totum, ut materia partis<br />
ad materiam totius. g&E. “23.<br />
Curoll 3. Oritur igitur & componitur gravitas in Planetam tocum<br />
cx gravitate in partes fingulas. Cujus rei exempla habcmus<br />
in attra&ionibus Magneticis & Ele&ricis. Qritur enim attra&io<br />
omnis in totum ex attra&ionibus in partes fingulas. Res intelligetur<br />
in gravitate, concipiendo Planctas plures minores in unum<br />
Globum coire & Planetam majorem componere. Nam vis totius<br />
ex viribus partium componentium oriri debebk Siquis o bj iciat<br />
quad corpora onuk quaz apud nos funt, hat lege gravitare dcbere.nt<br />
in fe mutuo, cum tamen cjufmodi gravitas neutiquam fin-.<br />
tiatur : Refpondeo quod gravitas in hat corpora, cum fit ad grae<br />
vitatem in Terram totam ut Eirnt hat corpora ad Terram totam,<br />
lon,ge minor eft quam qu* kntiri pofit.<br />
GoroZ, 2. Gravitatio in fingulas corporis particulas zquales cfi<br />
rcciproce wt quadratum diftantix locorum 3. particulis. Patet: per,<br />
Coral. 3, Prop, LXXIV. Lib. J.<br />
bb<br />
B R cab
37”<br />
zs<br />
Pofiquam inircniffeti grAvit2tel-n in Planetam totuti oriri &<br />
oomponi ex gravitatibuS in partes: & eire in partes fing”u?as reciproce<br />
propoPtional& quadratis diff antiarum a patrlbus: d.ubitabarn<br />
an reciproca illa proportio driplicata obtineret accurate in vi<br />
tota ex viribus pluribus compofita, an vero quam proxm~e. Nam<br />
fieri poff~ ut proportio, qia’li: in majoribus difiantiis fatis accurate<br />
obtiaeret, prop6 filperf;iciem Pla~etz ob inkquales garticularr;tn<br />
dlflantias & fitus difimile& notabiliter err&ret. r’ande&<br />
veros per PWP. Lxxv. & rAxXv1. Libri @%Gi & ‘ipfilium ~~~&<br />
Iaria, inteki v&tat&h Propofitionis de qua hil: agitur.<br />
Coral. I. Hint inveniri QE inter Ce compk%ri pofint pondets<br />
.eorporum in diverfos Planetas. N am pondera corporum aequa-<br />
&urn circutn Ranefas in ti?Ciilis revolventihfi fuuht (per, For&. 2.<br />
pop, IV. Lib, 1.) tit diatiegti circulbtum did@:& ~‘LIA~CI& tttiportiti<br />
pe~iodiddi’L~m inveG 5 & pondeta ad fupes$ck3 Pianecaruti,<br />
ahaM quafvis a cdiitro difiantias, majora filnt TM mindta<br />
(per hzinc P’ ro p o ‘I- It&em) in duplicata: ratione ~diRant?aru~ &<br />
ge&, Sic ex temp&bu& periodic& Vkneris circus Solem @+.<br />
$fiim %i+ ‘si: horarum 14 $‘, Satellitis exiriiili Ciic,ti~thjoUi;ilis circu&<br />
J&.eti &fij&.<br />
i6 & hsrPi4ti 16 Ipi j SaMitis ,Hugefii& c&U&<br />
Stiturtii.crti &+um i 9 5% BMu4.m~ 2.2t1 ,& fitin& cfi'c'u'ff~ 'TWfarti<br />
dieruljl 27, hbk, 7. tii’ti. @; ~ollZiti$ Mn difiahtja Wed6bcri Ven&+:<br />
ris a Sblt & cuti elon@atloMW tiaximis hCl~Oc&$~?~~i~ Satellftis,.<br />
I extimi circumjovialis a cenrro Jovis 8’. i I:“, Satellftis E-lugen?gfif’<br />
a centro Saturni 3:. zo”, & Lunx a.Tcrra IO’, compu,tum ineundo.<br />
iti$+eRi qti&iil kbiijokQiI @~Miu’m & ‘A Sble, Jove, SaWrna ‘ac”r&ra.<br />
~~Wl~~& difiafitiwti ponder9 in Solem, Jovem, Satu)rnum acTeye<br />
ram fbrent ad invicem ut I, --& -+ ti 2-i. ~tfp”pei%vi-~ Eti eni&.<br />
parallaxis Solis ex ob fervationiGi novZX$& quafi JO”, 82 NUZ-<br />
&s fiofier per emerfiones Jovis & .Satellitum e parte obkura.<br />
Lunaz:o
371’<br />
4UQd elongatio maxima .heIiocentrica SJtcl[i- L I II<br />
entro Bovis in mediocri Jovis 3 Sole difian- TfFrruj.<br />
St ckmxter Jovis 41”. Ex duratione Eclip~em<br />
Satellitum ~~ ~~~bram jovis incidenciuln pro&t h,rc diameter<br />
q$a*fi 405 atque adeo C2midiamerer 20”. Meniizravit autem kh-<br />
$~&y3,~hjpPcio”cm maxim?m h&qcentricam Satellitis a fk de-.<br />
a CentrO SaturnI, 8r: hulus eIongatronis pars quarta,<br />
8-empe ro”, ef% c&meter annuli Saturni e Sole viii, & diameter Saawni<br />
‘efi ad diamerrum annuli ut 4 ad 9, ideoque i&ni&ameter<br />
Saturni e sole vifi efi II”. Subducatur 11.1x erratica qw haud<br />
minor effe l3iet quam 2” vel ~3” : Et manebit kmidiameter Saturni<br />
.quafi 9”. EX hike autein & Solis fkmidiametro mediocri 16’. 6”<br />
computum ineundo prodeunt veraz Solis, Jovis, Saturni ac Terrs<br />
femidiametri ad invicem ut I[OCOO~ 1.077, 889 & IO+ Unde,,<br />
turn pondera zqualium cocporunn a centris Solis, Jovis, Saturnr<br />
ac Terrae zqualiter difiantium, fint in Solem, Jovem, Saturnum<br />
z;Ic, Terram, ut I9 -?- 9 SIB 8c -A-- reipe&ive, & au&is vel dimixxutis<br />
difiaxxtiis ptA3dera dirni~~~~tur vel augeantur in duplicata<br />
ratione : pondera, squalium corporum in Solem, Jovem, Saturx3um<br />
ac ?k’erPam in difiantiis IOOOO~ x077, 889, & 104 ab eorum<br />
centris, .atqVe adeo in ewum fuperfkiebus, Grunt UC roosq, .83$$<br />
& 4x6 refpe&ive. manta fint,pondera cor.porum m *fu$erdicemus<br />
in iequentibus:<br />
2. lflnotefkit etiam quantitas mat+2 in Planetis fiqgL$is,<br />
ntitates materix in Planetis Cunt ut eorum v&es in gquaantiis<br />
ab .ecxum centris f) id c$j~~ in S.ole, Jove, Saturno ac<br />
erra funt xlt f, s3, z&9 8~ --?- refpetiive. Si parallaxis Solis<br />
22751%<br />
tuatur major vel minar quam IO”, debebit quantitas materia: in<br />
erra augeri veil dimhui in triplicata ratione.<br />
* coroz. .:3- l.qnstefc,ung Qiag-l den,fitates PXw3,etww gnaw pan--<br />
dera corporum zqual;urn SZ: homogeneorum in Sphzeras llomogefunt<br />
sm fiperficiebus Sphzt-arum ut Sphaerarum dlametri, per<br />
. LXXLI. jib, 1. ideoquc Sphaxarum heterogenearum den&<br />
:fUnc ut pondera illa applicata ad Spheraym djametros.<br />
,Eant,autem per= Solis, Jovis, Sarurni ac Terrae dlametrl ad lnvl-<br />
$3323 us: IO~u‘~s xqv3<br />
$89, st m4, & pondera in eofdem ut 1.ooo.0,<br />
& pqxgerea d,er+itwes funt pt ZOO, 78, WB<br />
.D.cnfitas ,Terrg .~LICFZ pro&it ,ex hoc co?pNo non pm&t<br />
So&is -$if .~&~er.minatW .pF ~pw%W: T-l.WEe3 .& I?q@P-<br />
Bbb .2 terea<br />
F R ‘-
Hwi MATHE 373<br />
IWlt. Eaque de caufa Globus terreus aquis undique cooperrus, L I 1P E R.<br />
fi rarior effet quam aqua, eirlefgaxX alicubi, tk aqua omnis in& TERTl.U~*<br />
ClCAWnS congregyrCXur in regione oppolita. Et par eit ratio<br />
Terrace notIr;l: rn:~r~bus magna cx parte circumdac:L Bl[;w fi &I+<br />
fior IL~OII efit, enlergcrct a mar&us, & parte fili pro gradu levitabs<br />
extarer cx Aqua3 nwribus omuibus in regionem oppofitam<br />
col1Anentrbus. Eudeln argumeuto mnculz Solarcs lcviores fiu&<br />
gusm IX:1tc;:ria luci+ Sohis cui. fiipernatanc. Et in forlnatione<br />
quallcUn~~ue PL~nccwXw , anateria omnis gravior , quo tcmporc<br />
maffa tota flu;& cfat? ccnrrum pet&at. Wade cyn Terra tommunis<br />
fiiprciria yu3ii du~lo gravlor fit quam ag:un, $C pauIo inferius<br />
in fodinis quafi triplu vel quadruple aut ct~;pm ~luintuplo gra-<br />
Vior repcriatur : yerihr~~k. CR quad copia materix tcttlus ill Terra<br />
juafi qlIintuplo vel ftxtup!o major fit quam ii CoCa cx aqua conaarct<br />
j pr:Ekr tin3 cum Terram quafi quinruplo denfiorwn cft&<br />
uam Jovem jam ante 0iPenfilm fit. lgiour ii Jupiter pad0 ch-<br />
? lot: fit quam aqua 3 hit rpatio dierum triginta, quibus long<br />
gitudinem 4~3 fimidiametrorum fuarum defcribic, aktterer irl<br />
M(edio.ejufdem denficaciu cum Acre nofiro motus fili parrem ferc<br />
&cimam.~*~ V’erum cum refilter&a Mediorum minuatur in ratione<br />
ponderis ac dcnfitatis, fit ut aqua> ‘qu;x: partibus 1st lcvior ~3%.<br />
quam; arptum vivmn, minus refifiat in eadern ratione; & acr,<br />
qui partibus 8fo’ levior efi quam aqua, minus refifiat in cadem,<br />
Aone : fi afcendatur in coelosi ubi pondus Mcdiitl in quo Planet~~<br />
gnoventur, diminuitur in immeqfum, refifientia propc cc&W. :<br />
iixpltwr.<br />
ROPOSTTIO XI. TMEO,R.EMA xx.<br />
in&.<br />
%idrn’~ piefb%<br />
Nam centrum illud (per<br />
gxogrcd~ik;tur unifosm~tcr in<br />
kegum Coral. 4,) vel quicfixt vql<br />
d,irc&uw, Scd ccntro ill0 fcmpcs~<br />
p-5”.
PROPoSITmo XII. HEOREMA XII.<br />
S&w MO~U perpetuo ugitari, Jed nunquam longe recedere ~2 cott+<br />
~.2uni gradtdtis centro Plunehmm2 ornnium.<br />
Nam cum (per Coral. 2. rop. vxI I.) materia in Sole fit a<br />
mperiam in Jove ut 1033 ad 81, & diftantia Jovis a Sole fit ad<br />
~kmidiametrum Solis in ratione paulo majore; incidet commune<br />
centrum gravitatis Jovis & Solis in pun&urn paulo fupra Gperficiem<br />
Solis. Eodem argument0 cum materia in Sole fit ad ma-<br />
,teriam in Saturn0 ut 241 I ad 13 & difiantia Saturni a Sole fit ad<br />
fimidiametrum Solis in ratione paulo minore: incidet commune<br />
centrum gravitatis Saturni 82 Solis in pun&urn paulo infra Superfkiem<br />
Solis. ,Et ejufdem calculi vefiigiis infiiitendo ii Terra &<br />
Planeta: omnes ex una Solis parte confiflerent, commune omnium<br />
centrum graviratis vix integra Solis ,diametro a centro Solis dietaret.<br />
Aliis in cafibus diitantia centrorum femper minor ek<br />
Er propterea cum cencrum illud gravitatis perpetuo quiefcit, Sol<br />
pro vario Planetarum fitu in omnes partes movebitur, fed A ten*,<br />
$ro illo nunquam .longe recedet,<br />
Gwol. Hint commune gravitatis scentrum errg, Solis & Planetarum<br />
omnium pro centro Mundi halbendum efi. Nam cuti<br />
Terra, Sol & Planets omnes gravitent in k mutuo, & propterea,<br />
pro vi. gravitatis ‘iuat, fkcundum leges motus perpetuo agitentur<br />
: perfpictium efi quod horum cetitra. mobilia ro Mundi<br />
centro Qukfcente haberi nequeunt. Si corpus illu if in centro<br />
locandum efEt in quad corpora omnia maxime gravitant cuti<br />
vulgi efl opinio) privilegium ifiud co~loedendum efEt Soli.<br />
Cum autein Sol moveatur9 eligendum erit pun&urn quitfiens,<br />
a quo, eentrum Solis quam minitie d&edit, . & %a quo idem, a&<br />
hut minus difcederet, ii modo Sol denfior effet & majors ut:<br />
minus moveretur. .
hmt% m@~enhw in Wipfzbtis timbilicum bubeBt;bns ig &etiztro<br />
SO~J 3 & radiu ad cm I IWZZ i&d dm%s me&s deJcribun,t<br />
temporibtis jWoportionales.<br />
Difjputavimus fupra de his motibus ex Phznomenis. Jam cogr<br />
nitis motuum principiis, ex his colligimus motus cmleftes a priori.<br />
Quonlam pondera Planetarum in SoIem rllnt reciproce UT<br />
quadrata difiantiarum a ccnrro Solis; ii SoI quiefceret sz Planetz<br />
reliqui non agercnt in Cc mutuo, forenc orbes eorum Ellipti&<br />
Solem in umbilko communi h nte~, & arez defcriberentur temporibus<br />
propartionales (per op. I. & XI, & Coroi. II. Prop0<br />
XL I x Lib. 1.) A&Cones autem Planetarum in 1Te mutuo perexiguz<br />
CUnt (ut: pofint contemni j & motus Tlanetarum in JUi~fibus.<br />
circa Sp1em mobilem minus perturbant (per Prop. ~xvr. Lib.<br />
quam G motus ifki circa Solem quiefcentem peragerentar.<br />
A&o quidem Jovis in Saturnurn non efi omnino contemnenda.<br />
Nam gravitas in Jovem efi ad gravitatem in Solem (paribus difiantiis)<br />
ut 1 ad 1033 j adeoque in conjunCtione Jovis & Saturn&-<br />
quoni,akn difintlein Saturni a Jove eft ad dillantiam Saturni a 8Sole.<br />
kre ut 4 ad ‘9, wit gravitas Saturni in Jovem ad gravitatem Sa-<br />
Curni in Soicm u’t $1 ad I 6 x 2,033 ku I ad 20$ circiter. Et<br />
hint oritw per:turbario or’bis Saturni in fingulis Planets hujus<br />
CU~YI Jove conjun63ionibus adeo fenfibilis ut ad eandem Afirbnomi<br />
harcant. Pro vario iitu Planets in his conjun&ionibus, Eccentricitas<br />
ejus nunc augetur nund ;diminuitur, Aphelium nunc promovetur<br />
XH.HX forte retrabitur, & medius motes per vices acccIcrarur<br />
RZ retardatur. Error tamcn omnis in niotu ejus circum So-<br />
]c-tn a ranta vi oriundus (prnterquam in note media> cvitari fere<br />
PC+$ .c~~nltj,tucnd;o um’bi’licum, inferiore I: 7 Orbis ejus in commwi<br />
;ibll:tro &z&il;atis Jovis & Solis (per Prop, Lxvx I. Lib, I.) Sr propter&‘ubi’<br />
maximus efi, vix fuperat minut\? duo prima. Et error<br />
ximu.s.in ‘motu media vix filperat minuta duo prima annuatim.<br />
&nju~~&ione autem Jovis 62 Saturni gravitates acceleratrices<br />
&&,in Sat~~raum, Jo+ in S~turnurn & Jovis in Sokrn funt fere<br />
u#j -J& $31 & E22c$.-~* ku ~zky~, adeoque d,iEerentia gravi-<br />
.,<br />
fatum Solis ,in SarMgblum, & Jovis in Saturnurn CR ad gravitatem<br />
Jovis ,
4 r<br />
ih: VI v >I D I Jovis in Solem ut: 65 ad 124986 feu I ad 1923. Huic aute<br />
sy5T B &*T E ‘fcre~~.~i~ proportionalis efi maxima S aturni efkacia ad perturban-<br />
dum motum Jovis, & propterea perturbatio orbis Jovialis long@<br />
minor 4% quam ea Saturnii. Reliquorum orbium perturbationes<br />
$.mc adhuc longe minores, prazrerquam quad Orbrs Terrzz f&Gbiliter<br />
perturbatur a Luna. Commune centrum gravitatis Terra<br />
& Lunar, Ellipfin circum Solem in umbilico pofitum percurrit, Sr<br />
radio ad Solem dutto areas in eadem temporibus proportionales<br />
defcribit, Terra vero circum hoc centrum commune mticu men-<br />
$Iruo revolvitur.<br />
PROPOSITIO XI% THEOREMA Xf%<br />
Or&m Apheb<br />
& Nodi quieJizdW<br />
aphelia quiefcunt , per Prop. XI. Lib. I. ut & Orbium plana<br />
per ejufdem Libri Prop. I. & quiefceneibus pIanis qulefcunt Nodi.<br />
Attamen a Planetarum revolvenrium & Cometarum a&ibnibus iti<br />
.fe invicem orientur inzqualitates aliqux, fed quz ob parvitatem<br />
hit concemni poffunt.<br />
Curo2: I, Qiekunt etiam Stellz fixae, .propterea quod datas ad<br />
Aphelia Nodofque pofitiones krvant.<br />
Cowl. 2. Ideoque cum nulla fit earum parallaxis GnfibiIis ex<br />
Terra motu annuo oriunda, vires earum ob immenfim corporum<br />
dioantiam nullos edent: fenfibiles effefius in regione Syfiematis<br />
nofiri. Quinisno Fix= in omnes czeli partes‘ zqualirer difperfiz<br />
contrariis attraeionibes vires mutuas defiruunt, per Prop. LXX:<br />
Lib. I.<br />
Cum Planeta Soli propiores (nempe Mercurius, Venus, Terra,<br />
& Mars) ob corporum parvitatem parum agant in fe invicem:<br />
horum Aphelia & Nodi quiekent, nifi qwtenus a viribus Jovis,<br />
Saturn;, Sr corporum fuperiorum turbentur., Ec inde colligi potefi<br />
per theoriam gravitaeis, quod hoium. Aphelia .moventur aliquantulum<br />
in confequentia refpe&u fixarum, idque in proport+<br />
one fefquiplicara diftantiarum borum Planetarum a Sole. Wt fi<br />
Aphelium Martis in annis cent-urn conficiat 35’ in confequkntia<br />
refpe&ti fixarum j Aphelia Terra, Veneris, & Mercurii jn annis<br />
centum conficient. 18’. 36”) IX’. 27’, & J.,‘. tptt refpe&ive.z Et hi<br />
matUs ob parvitatem, negliguntur in hat Propofitione.
Cayicllda: fUfIt 1132 in rathe fubkfquiplicata temporum perbs<br />
dicorum, per Prqp. XV. Lib. I. deindc figillatim augcnda in rati-<br />
One fUlmma= maflarum Solis & Planetx cujdque revolvelltis ad<br />
primarm cluarum medIe proportionalium inter fizmmam illam 8~<br />
Solen3~ per Prop. LX. Lib. 1.<br />
P~Ql?OSITIO 2-cvI. PROBLEMa 11.<br />
Imenire Qrbium Eccentricitd2”e.r & ,Aphch.<br />
r-oblema confit per Prop, XVIII. Lib. I.<br />
P 1~OrOSITI0 XVII. THEOREMA xv.<br />
ate? per motus Legem I, 8-z Coral. 22. Prop. LxvI. Lib. Ill’.<br />
Q_uoniam vero Lunz, circa axem fuum tmiformitcr revolventis9<br />
dies me~~firuus efi j hujus facies eadem ulteriorem umhilicum orbis<br />
ipfius fernper refpicict , & propterea pro firu umbilici iliius<br />
deviabit hint inde a Terra. kkw eR libratio in longitudinem.<br />
Nam l&ratio in ‘latitudhem orta eR ex inch&me axis Lunaris<br />
ad planurn orbis. Porro 11332 ita 6% habere, ex Phznomenis nianifenturn.<br />
cfi.<br />
Edanetae fpbIato omni motu circulari diurrlo figwarn Sphxricam,<br />
& ~q~~alern undique part&m gravitatem, aI3%&are deberent. E)cr<br />
motuxn ihm circularem fit ut partes ab axe recedentes juxta<br />
xquaxmm afcendere, conentw - ldeoque materia ii fluida fit<br />
1 t ccc<br />
lhXf.fti<br />
.
PIA<br />
MATI-IEMATICA.<br />
atitudine &zi$e$a’d Fkr$wz~7az ad minuta ficunda I, 11t 1: c<br />
-ofcilllantis Iongitudo efi pedlam triutn Farifienfium & lhenrum 8;. TL:R’rKUs~<br />
]Ec longitude quad grave tempore minuti unius Cccundi cndcndo<br />
cdetiribit, CRC ad dimidiam longitudinctn pcnduli hujus, in dtaplicata<br />
ratione circumferentia circuli ad diametrum cjus ( ut indicavit<br />
&tgezziza.s) ideoque efi pedum Parificnfium I 5, dig. I, lin. zr-$, ktl<br />
kmm.am 2 qq&.<br />
379<br />
CarpUS in circulo, ad difiathun pedum ry~qy53y a centro?<br />
fingulis diebus fidereis horarum 23, $6’. 4” wniformiter revoIvens~<br />
ternpore minuti unius Cecundi dckribit arcum pedum 143&22;l<br />
cujws finus verfus efi pedum o,osz~~s~~~ ku linearurn 7,~+0d+<br />
ldeoque vis qua gravia defcecendunt in Latitudine Zwtrh~, elk ad<br />
vim centripetam corporum in Aquatorc, a Terrx motu diuraao<br />
priundam, ut 2~74’~~ ad 7,5+06+<br />
Vis cenutrifuga corporum in A?quatorc, tfi ad vim ccntrifugam<br />
gua corpora dire&e tendunt a Terra in Latitudine Lateth gra-<br />
.duum 48,. 50’, in duplicata ratione Radii ad hum complementi<br />
Eatitudinis illius, id ef?, ut 7,$406.4 ad 3,267. AddatLw hzc vis<br />
GUI vim qua gravia defcendunt in Lathdine I&tebLLl, & corp~rs<br />
in Latitudine EM&~ vi rota gravitaris cadcndo, tcmporc mintlci<br />
vnius ficundi dekriberet lineas 2 x77,32’ f&a pedcs Parifie~&s .I 5,<br />
chg. I> & lin. 5,j3. Et vis tota gravitatis in Latitudinc illa, cric<br />
ad vim cenrripetam cprporum in &qwatore ‘I’errlc, UC 2 177~~2.<br />
ad 7, $4OQ, fkL1 128$J ad I.<br />
Unde ii AT B& figuram ‘I’errg defignet jam non amphs<br />
Sp~kzricam ,fed revoletione Ellipkos circum axem minorem P g,<br />
g&tam, fitque dC$Jqca w-d%3 aqu;r: plcna,<br />
a polo $Q ad cenrrum Cc, & inde ad<br />
2Equatorem Jlz pcrgens: debebit pondus<br />
aqwe in canalis crLLre AC CAT, effe ad pondus<br />
a~~,~tus in crure alter0 JZQZ’CS ut z8p ad 288,<br />
eo quad vis cantrifuga ex circulari motu<br />
orta partem unam e ponderis partibus 283<br />
$Winebit’ ac detrahet, & pondws 286 in al-<br />
:OXO crure hRinebit reliquas. Porro (ex<br />
Propofitianisxcl. Cor$lario kcundo, Lib.1.)<br />
4 “3(-J<br />
3”<br />
Pa Mv:;ur ad diametrum .&B ut IOO ad 101 : gravitas 113 loco Kin Terram,<br />
SYSTEA’A’rC foret ad gravitatem in eodem loco g in Sphsram centro C radio<br />
PC vel RC del’criptam, ut 226 ad I 25. tit eydyzrn argumenta<br />
gravitas in loco 4 in Sphwoidem, convolutione E?lltpcCo~ AI> .Bg<br />
circa axem A B dcfcriptam, ei1 ad gravlca,tern in eodem loco .A in<br />
Sph~~ram centro 6: radio AC dekripram, UC I z f ad 126. ?M autern<br />
oravitas in loco A in Tcrram P media proportionalis inter<br />
graviyates in di&am Sphzroidcm & Sphazram : propterea quad<br />
Sphara, diminuendo diametrum !J?‘g in ratione IOZ ad IOO x<br />
vertitur in Aguram Terrs j & hx figura diminuendo in eadem<br />
ratione diametrum tertiam, quz diametris duabus A B, P $I& perpendicularis<br />
efr, verritur in diELam Splwroidem j & graviras in<br />
A, in cab ucroque, d.iminuitur in eadem racionc quam proximc,<br />
Eit igitur gravitas in A in Sphxam centrs<br />
C radio AC defcriptnm, ad gravitatem in<br />
A in Terram ut I 26 ad I 25$, & gravitas<br />
in loco R in Sphleram centro C radio %C<br />
deicriptam, elt ad gravitatem in loco A in<br />
Sphzram centro C radio AC defcriptam,<br />
in ratione diametrorum (per Prop. LXXLI.<br />
Lib.l.) id efi, ur loo ad IOI. Conjungantur<br />
jam hz tres rariones, i 26 ad 125, I 26<br />
ad 12 5: z & 100 ad 101: Sz fiet .gravitas<br />
in loco 2 in Terram, ad graviratem in loco A in Terram, ue:<br />
926X126X xoo ad I~~X.I~~~XIOI~ km ur; 501 ad 500.<br />
Jam cum (per Coral. 3. Prop. xct. Lib. a) graviras in canalis<br />
crure urrovis ACca vel 2Ccq fit ut diiIantia locorum a centro<br />
Terrzj fi crura ilfa firperficiebus tranfierfis & aquidifianeibus difiinguantur<br />
in partes totis proportionales, erunr pondera partium<br />
iingularum in crure ACcu ad pondera partium totidcm in crnre.<br />
altero, ur magnitudines & gravitates acceleratrices conjun&im j id<br />
eD, ur IOI ad 100 & 500 ad 501~ hoc elt, ut 505 ad 501. AC<br />
proinde fi vis centrifuga partis CUJUfqUe in crure Acca ex rnotu<br />
diurno oriunda, fuiffet ad pondus partis ejufdem ut 4 ad 505, eo<br />
ut de pondere partis cujufque, in partes fo5 divifo, partes quaa<br />
tuor derrahcrer 5 manerent pondera in utroque crure zqualia, &<br />
propterea fluidum confifieret in 3equllibrioi Yerum vis centrifuga<br />
parris cujufquc eR ad pondus ejucdem ut I ad 289, hoc efi, -vis<br />
centrifuga quz deberet efi ponderis.pars & efi tmtwn pass %-&<br />
Et<br />
AOi
PRI NGIPIA MATHEMATleA. 3’31<br />
Et proptcwa dice, ficundum Regulam auream, quod G vis tenrrifuga<br />
& faciaC ut altrCUd0 aqua2 in crure ACca fuperet alticu- Tki;lj;I~.<br />
dinem aqua in crurc $?C’cq pate cer~tefima totius altirudinis :<br />
vis centri&ga .i-i 5 facier ut cxcefftis altitudinis in crure ACca !lc<br />
altjtudinis In crure alter0 8Ccq pars tantum -;I,-. Efi igitur dia.-<br />
meter Terraz fecundurn zquatorem ad ipfius diametrum per poles<br />
UC 230 ad 229. Ideoque cum Terra kmidiarneter mediocris, jux:a<br />
menfilram CuJki, fit pedum Parifienfium 19699539, fku milliarium<br />
3939 (pofito quod milliare fit menfura pedum 5000) Terra alliof<br />
erit ad Equatorem quam ad Bolos exceffu pedum 8j820, ku<br />
milliarum 172,<br />
Si Planeea major fit vel minor quam Terra manente ejus denfitate<br />
ac remporc periodic0 revolutionis diurm , manehic proporrio<br />
vis centrifuga ad gravitatem, & propterea maliebit eriam<br />
proportio diametri inter polos ad diametrum fecundurn aquacorem.<br />
At fi motus diurnus in ratione quacunque accelerecur vel<br />
retardetur, augebitur vel minuerur vis centrifuga in duplicata illa<br />
racione, & propterea differentia diametrorum augcbirur vel minuetuc<br />
in eadem duplicata ratione quamproxime. Et fi denfitas<br />
Planers augeacur vel minuatur in rarione quavis, gravitas etiam<br />
in ipfum tendens augeblrur vel minuerur in eadem ratione, &<br />
differentia diametrorum viciflim minueeur in ratione gravitatis<br />
au&z vel augebitur in ratione gravitatis diminutz. Unde cum<br />
Terra refpe&u fixarum revolvatw horis 23. 56’, Jupiter autem<br />
horis pp 56’, fintque, temporum quadrata ut 29 ad 5, & denfitntes’<br />
ut 5 ad I : diRer,entia diametrorum Jovis erit ad ipfius diametrum<br />
minorem ut “j’ X + X & ad 13 Teu I ad 8 quamproxime. EB<br />
igitur diameter Jaws ab oriente in occidentem duBa, ad ejus dia-<br />
metrum inter polos ut y ad 8 quamproxime, & proprerea diamsrer<br />
inter polos efi 35:“. Mac ira ie habenr ex hypothefi quod<br />
uniformis fit Planetarum materia. Nam fi materia denfior fit ad<br />
centrum quam ad circumferentiam ; diameter qw ab.. oriente in<br />
occidentem du’citur$.erit adhuc major.<br />
Jovis ,vero. diametrum qua? p.olis ejus interjacee minorem effe<br />
diamecro alcera CU@S dudum obfervavit, Sr Terra diamecrum /<br />
infer ~010s minorem effe diametro altera gatebit per ea qw<br />
¢ur in Progofitioeic kquente.
Plw,QPQSB.TIQ RQBLEMA IV.<br />
EpJ;venire g+ inter jTe cmparare<br />
~egiom%us dbuerjs.<br />
Pondem corgoru~ in Terra? b.+~<br />
Qoniam ponilera inazqualium crurum canalis aqweaz ACRqsti<br />
,azqualia fiint j & pondera parcium ) cruribus totis proportional;um<br />
& fimiliter in tot% fitarum, funt ad invicem ut pondera rotorurn,<br />
adeoqw etiam zquantur inter fe; @runt pondera lrqualium .& in<br />
.cruribus fimilicer Gtarum parti,um reciproce ut crura, id eR, reciproce<br />
ur 230 ad 227. Et par eiE ratio homogeneorum & aqualium<br />
quorumvis & in canalis crurihus fimili.rcr fitorum corporum.<br />
Horum .pondera d’unt reciproce ut crura, id eit, reciproce UC difianti3:<br />
corporum a centro Terra Proinde ii corpora in fupre-<br />
-mis canalium partibus, five in fiperficie Terra COIlfifiaIlt~j erunt<br />
,pondera eorurn ad invicem reciproce ut difiantiz eorum a centro.<br />
ti,e eodcm argumenro pondera , in aliis quibufcunque per toram<br />
Terra fiperficiem regioni’bus, font reciproce ut difiantia locorum<br />
a ccntro j & propterea , ex Hypothefi quod Terra SphErois fit,<br />
danrur proportione.<br />
XJnde tale confit Theorema quod incrementurn ponderis persgendo<br />
ab AQuatore ad Poles, fit quam proxime ut finus veriils<br />
Latirudinis duplicataeg vel, quad perinde efi, ut quadratum finus<br />
aeQi Eatitudinis. Et in eadcm circicer ratione augentur arcus<br />
graduum Latitudinio in Meridians. ldeoque cum Latitude LIIG-<br />
.tetid T;P,rzj%rwm fit 48 gr, so’, ea locorum fub Bquatore oog~ oo’,<br />
& ca locorum ad Polos po gr* & duplorum finus verG fint I 1334,<br />
ooooo 8r 20000, exifiente Radio ~oooo, & gravitas ad Polum fit<br />
ad gravitatem iilb aquatore ut 230 ad 229, & exceffus gravitatis<br />
ad Polum ad gravitatem Cub Ajquatore ut I ad 229 : erie exceffus<br />
gravitatis in Latitudine Lutetis ad gravitatem fib Aquatore,<br />
,ut I x&$&g ad 227, feu 5667 ad 22p0000. Et propterea gravitates<br />
totx in his Iocis erunt ad invicem UC 2.295667 ad 2290000, Qare<br />
cum longitudines pendulorum zqualibus temporibus ofcillantium<br />
fint ut gravitates, & in Latitudine Ltittetile T’arzjG~rw~ longitude<br />
penduli fingulis minutis kcundis ofcillantis fit pedum trium Parifienfiurn<br />
& linearum 8$: longitudo penduli fub Bquatore fuuc<br />
perabitur a longitudine fynchroni penduli Tarz$ez@, exceflk Ii-<br />
.nez unius & 87 partium millefimarum linez: Et fimili compute<br />
confit Tabula kquens.
Gr.<br />
0<br />
f<br />
10<br />
15<br />
20<br />
25<br />
30<br />
d,5<br />
40<br />
I<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4:.<br />
45<br />
6<br />
Ped. Lin. Hexapcd.<br />
ii - 75468 56YQP.<br />
* 7,4w SW4<br />
3 a 79526 56Y3I.<br />
3 ’ 73596 569 r9.<br />
3 ’ 7369% 56996<br />
3 * 7,811 57042<br />
3’ * 7,948 57096<br />
3, * 8,099 5715r<br />
3, ’ 8,=51 572’8<br />
3 * kY4 57231<br />
3 ’ 8,327 57244<br />
3 * 8,361 57257<br />
3 •<br />
8,394 57270<br />
3 ’ 8,428 57283<br />
3 • 8,46; 57276<br />
3 ’ 8,494 57309<br />
3 * tLr28 57322<br />
3 ’ 8,561 57335<br />
3 - 8,573 57348,<br />
3 •<br />
fh7 sb 57411<br />
ii . f-b907 57470<br />
’ 9s44 57 524<br />
3 ’ 9,161, 57570<br />
3 ’ 9,258 57607<br />
3 •<br />
3 •<br />
3 •<br />
33329 ‘57635<br />
Yy37” 57652<br />
9,387 57657<br />
~o-nfitat aatem per hanc Tabulam, quod graduum inzqualitas<br />
gam> parra fit,. LIE in rebus Geograp+is figura Terra pro Sphagica<br />
h,aberi poi’iit~ quodque lnaqualltas diametrorum Terra Facilius<br />
EC certius’ per cxperimenta pendwlorunl deprebendi paflit ml<br />
etiam pm &$ees LUlXEj qU2m per arcus Geographice mcnhraros.<br />
in ~IMleridianlo.<br />
l!-.kee \
.<br />
y”, F &I \J P, D I sac ita k habent ex hyporhefi quod Terra ex uniformi ma- ::<br />
5 TSTEMA~T’F. ceria confiac. Nam G materia ad centrum paulo denfior iit quam<br />
ad fuperficiem 9 dif-lkrentia pendulorum Sr graduum Meridiani<br />
~~4~10 majores erunt quam pro Tabula prazcedente, propcerea :<br />
cj”od ii materia ad cencrum redundans qua denfiras ibi major I<br />
redditur, ikbducztur IL feorfim fpe@etur, gravitas in Terram rc.-<br />
]iquam wniformiter de&m, erit reciproce UC difiantia ponderis ,<br />
a centro j in materiam vero redundantem reciprocc ut quadracum<br />
difiantiz a materia illa quamproxime. Gravitas igitur fuub aquatore<br />
minor efi in materiam illam redundantem quam pro compm0<br />
iuperiore : & proptereaTerra ibi, propter defeQum gravitatis,<br />
paulo altius afcendet, & exceffus longitudinum Pendulorum &<br />
graduum ad poles paulo’ majores erunt quam in przcedentibus<br />
definirum ek<br />
Jam vcro Akonotni aliqui in longinquas regiones ad obkrvationes<br />
Aitronornicas faciendas miffi, invenerunc quod horologia<br />
ol’cillatoria tardius moverentur prope Bquatorem quam in regionibus<br />
notiris. Et primo quidem !D.RRicber hoc obfervavit anno<br />
1672 in infula Cu;v6’?2?2~. Nam dum obkrvaret tranfitum Fixarum<br />
per meridianurn menfe Augz#o, reperit horologium &urn rardius<br />
moveri quam pro medio mutu Solis, exifknte differentia 2’. 28”<br />
lIingulis diebus. Deinde faciendo ut Pendulum fimplex ad minuta<br />
finguln fccunda per horologium optimum menfurata ofcillaret,<br />
lltxotavit longitudinem Penduli Gmplicis, & hoc fecit &Pius fingu-<br />
Iis reptimanis per men& deccm. Turn in GaZGiam redux contulic<br />
longirudinem hujus Penduli cum longitudine Penduli T’ariJieen~s<br />
(qt~z erat trium pedum Parifienfium, & o&o linearum cum tribus<br />
quintis partibus linez) & reperit breviorem effe, exifiente differentia<br />
line,?: unius cum quadrante. At ex tardicare horologii<br />
ofcillatorii in Cuyznna, dift’erentia Penduiorum colligitur efk linea:<br />
unius cum femiffe,<br />
PofIea likllehs nobler circa anr,um 1677 ad inhlam $4 Heh<br />
.Zend navigans, reperir horologium filurn oiillatorium ibi tar&us<br />
moveri quam Londini, fed dif?eren tiam non notavit.<br />
.<br />
Pendulum<br />
vcro brcvius reddidit plufquam o&ava parte digltl, ku linea ulna<br />
cum lemiffe. Et ad hoc efficiendum, cum liongirudo cochke in<br />
ima parte penduli non Tufkeret, annulum ligneum thecaz cochkz<br />
& ponderi pendulo interpoi‘uit.<br />
Deinde anno 1682 9. Ydrin 8z 22. Des Hiyes invenerunt Bon-<br />
:$cl~dinem PendLali fingulis minutis kcundis ofcillantis in Obfer..<br />
yatorisr
PliA MArI-IEMAreeA. 38s<br />
vatorio R&o ~arz$enfi effe ped. 3, lin. 8;. Et in infula GOWLZ ~lnlcn<br />
eadeh methad longitudinem Penduli fynchroni invcnerunt effc TcrtTtws*<br />
ped. 3. h G3 cxiifente longitudinurn ditFerentia lin. 2. Et eodem<br />
-XHIO ad infidas Gti~du~oz~parn or Martinicam navigantes, invenerunt<br />
hngitudineu~ Penduli fvnchroni in his incuhs tire ped. 3, Iin. 6;.<br />
RAbaC ZJ- Gwpdet iiliuS anno 1697 menk Jz4Zi0, horologium<br />
hum okillatohm ad motum Solis medium in ObKervatorio Regio<br />
Tar&M’ fit aptwit, ut tempore fatis long0 horologium cum motu<br />
Solis congrueret. Deindc U&X$ponern navigans invenit quad<br />
me& ~omwabri~ proximo horologium tardius irct quana priLls><br />
exihnte differentia 2’. 13” in horis 24, Et menk Martio k-<br />
quente TLWLJ~~&CZP.RZ navigans invellic ibi horologium fuum tardius<br />
ire quam Tdrifih , exificnte difFerentia 4’. 12” in horis 24.. Et<br />
affirmat Pendulum ad minuta fkcunda ofcillans brevius fuiffe U/J/-<br />
~Z&ont’ lineis 2$ & Tar&b& lineis 35 quam Pa$2. ReAius pofuifkt<br />
diff’erentias eirc L-$ & 2,~. Nam IIZ dhrentiaz difkrentiis<br />
temporum 2’. x3”, & 4’. 12" refpondent. CraXioribus hujus<br />
Obfervationibus minus fidendum efi.<br />
Annis proxirnis f IGyg & 1700 ) 22. Des Hayes ad Awzericam<br />
denuo navigans, determinavit quod in infulisCa~enn~ & Granadz<br />
longitudo Penchli ad minuta iecunda ofcillantis, effet paulo minor<br />
quam ped, 3. iin. of, quodque in infiula J’. Ciwz~ophori longitude<br />
illa effet ped. 3. lin. 62, & quod in infula S, ‘Domitici eadcm effet<br />
ped. 3. lin. 7.<br />
Annoquc ~704. 9’. FeuelZetis invenit in Twto-Celo in America<br />
longitudinem Penduli ad minuta fecunda ofcillantis, effe pedum<br />
‘trium Parifienfium & Jinearutn tantum 5IzS, id efi, tribus Fere lineis<br />
brcviorem quam Ltitetid cTarz~orww, Ted errante Obkrvatione,<br />
Nam deinde ad infulam Murtinicam navigans, invenit longitudinem<br />
Penduli ii’ochroni efle pcdum tantum trium Parifien-<br />
Gum Sr: linearurn 5%.
336 m-w4QSQPWI~ NA<br />
DE hj” N 1) 1 Cub Bc denfior ad centrum quam in fodinis prope ~iperfici~~x~<br />
s’s T “” A T li nifi forte calores in Zona torrida longitudinem Pendu]orum ali*<br />
quantulum auxerint.<br />
Obkvavit utique 13. Ticartzu quad virga ferrea, qw ternpare<br />
hyberno ubi ~elabant frigora erat pedis unius longitudme2 ad<br />
jgnem CalefaLta evafit pedis unius cum quarta parte linca. Deinde<br />
‘I). de ZLJ Hire obC3rvavit quad vi~.,gcl ferrea quz tcmporc<br />
confimili hyberno fix erat pedum longttudinis, ubi Soli zflivo<br />
exponebatur evafit kx pedum long~ti~dinis cum duabus tcrtiis<br />
partibus line32 Iln priore cab calor major fuit quam in pofieriore,<br />
in hoc veru major FLliC quam alor esterndr,um parr~um<br />
corporis humani. Nam ~~talia ad Solcm &ivljm valde incalef-cunt.<br />
At virpa penduli in l~orologio ofcillatorio n3nquam exponi.<br />
lrolet calori Solis zeitivi, nunquam calorem concipit calori<br />
externz hperficiei corporis humani zqualem. Et prophereJ virga.<br />
Penduli in horologio tres pcdes longa, paulo quidem longior<br />
eric tempore ;L’fiivu quam hyberno, i’ed excefft~ quartam partem<br />
line32 klnius vix hperanre. Proinde diEerentia tota longtrudks<br />
pendulorum qua in dlverlis regiwibus iibchrana i‘unt, dlverfo<br />
calori attribui non pot&. Sed ncqu~ crwribus AiZronomorum 2,<br />
Gdia rnifforum rribuenda efi hz~c dhrentia. Nam quamvis’<br />
Gorum obkrvationes non perfe&:s cqn riianf inr,er Ce, tamen errores<br />
he adeo parvi ut contemni po f lng. Et in hwc concordant<br />
omnes, quod iibchrona pendula Cunt breviora i’ub Aquatore quam<br />
iu Obfkrvatorio Regio bPaCj2en/%, edentc differcntia duarum cirtiter<br />
iinearum feeu ikxcz partis di.giti., Per ob&vationes ‘D. Ai-.<br />
c,&y ig Cgycn~a f&as, dift’erent~~ hit linea unius CUM femi8k.<br />
Error femiffls linea facile csmmictitur. Et 53. ~48s Ii&yes p.oQe;l.’<br />
per ,obf&vatiQnes fuss in eadem inftila fa&as errorem correxitP<br />
ip.~en,ca diffegentia linearum 2 A. S&d & per obfersarioeea in in-<br />
fillis Gorea, Giwdahpdl Martinica, G;m?da, S.~C%~iJlOphWi~ &<br />
8. ~;DO~;B~C% h&as 8~ ad AZquatorem reduh, dlflerenrra illa prodiit<br />
lla.ud minor quam 12 linear, haud major qu?m z$ linearum.<br />
it inter 110s Iimites quantitas mediocris eit 2-6 hearurn. Prop=<br />
rer calores locorun~ in Zona torrida negligamus & partes IineES<br />
& manebit difkrentia.dunrum linearum.<br />
Quare CUQ-I difierencia illa per Tabulate przccdentem,. ex hp<br />
potllefi quod Teyra ex mareria u hiformitw d,cn6 co&at, Gtt. trani<br />
fun3 1-$z line,z: : exce,Kus alcitudkis Twr* ad ~quatorem hpral<br />
;ajtirudille1~~ ejus ad poke,<br />
qui ex~iJt vd~kxiW% V% jalU aU.BuS: ia:<br />
ra tione::
atione ~ifh33tiarum, fiet milliarium 3 1 i”,.<br />
_<br />
Nam tarchas Pen- ._ LI-B p 12<br />
duli iirf3 -BqUatOre defe~um gravitJtis 2I'gUitj 8c quo levior f2fi TnnT*TJ’i’<br />
aulateri.n eo major ~4% debt alticudo ejus, ut pondcrc 13~0 marekUfi<br />
fQb hlis in aequilibrio CuItinent.<br />
Hint figura urr;lbrz Terra per EclipfesLunz dcterminanda, non<br />
Wit otrinino circularis, fed diameter ejlls ab srientc in occidcntcm<br />
d~&:a major erit quam diamerer ejus rib aui1~0 in boreain d&as<br />
excell[iI 5 f” circiter. Et parallaxis maxima LLI~JE in kongitudi-<br />
11em pa1110 major erit quam ejus parallaxis maxima in LatitudinetsI.<br />
AC Terra femidiameter maxima erit pedum ParifikMium<br />
zy767Li3O,.minimapedum 1y6oy8zo &medioc&pedum ry~$$ii.g<br />
q,uarnproxm~e,<br />
Curb gradtls LUJS menkante Tisarto fit hexapedaruti 57060,<br />
menfurante vero Cufino fit hexapedarum 5gzgz : fufpicantur aliqtii<br />
gfaduti utiumquemque, pergendo per G&W atiiI~~ verfus<br />
majorem effe gradu przcedente hexapedis p‘lti*s tiidtis 4%) feu<br />
parte o&ingentefima gradus unius; exiRenteTerra Spharoidc ob-<br />
Ilonga cujus partes ad poles func altifima. Qa pofit6, corpora<br />
omnia ad poles Terra leviora forent quam ad Bquatoiem, &<br />
aItitudo Terra ad polos fiiperaret altitudinem ejus, ad 3cquntorcM<br />
milliaribus fere 95, & pendula iibchrona longiora forent ad .&<br />
quacorem quem in Obfirvatorio Regio l”&%$%?$ eXcCffu fimifis”<br />
digi’ti circitcr ; ut conferenti proportiones hit pofiias cunl p:lW<br />
porticmibus in Tabula precedence pofitis, facile conRabit.’ 6’ed<br />
8t diameter umbra Terra qua: ab aufir,o in boream ducitur, ma-<br />
@ foret quam diameter ejus quz ab oriente in occidcntem ducitur,<br />
exceffi 2’. $4, 6z1.1 parce duodecima diametri Lunz. C&ibus<br />
omnibus Experientia contrariatur. Certe C&%WS, definiendo<br />
gradurn ununi tiffe hexapedarum 57292~ mediuvl inter menfuras<br />
,fias omnes, ex hypothefi de zqualitate graduum aKumpfit. Et<br />
quamvis Tkurtz~ in GaGlid limite boreali invenit gradum paulo :<br />
minorem effe, tamen ~o~woadtis nofkr in regionibt@ mtigis bore-<br />
&bus, menfirando majus intervalluin, izivenit gradtim paulo majm<br />
reti eire quam Ch@h4s invenerat. Et CkfiW’s Jpfe mcnfurani Pi~drti,<br />
ob par-itatem intervalli tienf.u&tL non iatis certam & exa&am ciTe:<br />
judicavit ubi rnenfuram gradus ~nms per intervallum longe majus<br />
defifiire aggreffus efi. Differentiae veto Inter menfuras CuJ%Zi, ‘yicdr&<br />
& J?orwo&i funt: prope inknfibiles, 6r: ab infenfibilibus 013.~<br />
&rvat@nurn erroribus ,facile oriri potyerei ut Nuk~tioncm; his<br />
Tkerr$z praterc3am<br />
Ddd 3t PRO:
DE MUNDI<br />
SY~TE~~ATE<br />
PROP’OSITIO XX<br />
&&a A@.4inoEialia regredi, & axem Term Jinplis rezrolu$<br />
onibus annuis nutando bis inclinarZ in Ecli$icam & his yedire<br />
ad pojfionea priorem<br />
Patet per Coral, 20. Prop. LXVI. Lib. 1, Motu.s tamen ifie<br />
nutandi perexiguus e&t debet, & vix aut ne vix quidem fent<br />
bilk<br />
FROPOSITIO XXII. THEOREMA XVIIX.<br />
Jtfotgs omnes Idmares, 0mneJfue motuum inqwiitates ex ah<br />
tis Principiis con&G.<br />
lanetas majores, interea dum circa Solem feruntwr, poffe alias<br />
ores circum te revolventes Pianetas deferre, & mmores illos in<br />
]Ellipfibus, umbilicos in centris majorum habentibus, revolvi d-ehere<br />
patet per Prop. LXV. Lib. I. Ahione aueem Solis perturbabuntur<br />
eorum motus multimode, iifque adficienrur inazqualitattibus<br />
qu”f: in Luna nofira notantur. Hat utique (per Coral, 2,<br />
3) 4, & 7, Prop, LXVI.) velocius movetur, ac radio ad Terram<br />
&I&O defcribit aream pro tempore majorem Orbemque habet<br />
minus curvum, atque adeo propius accedit ad Terram, in Syzygiis.<br />
quam in Qadraturis , niG quatenus impedit motus Eccentrrcitatis,<br />
Eccentricicas enim maxima eit: ( per Coral. p. Prop. LXVI. ) ubi<br />
Apogazum Lui~a: in Syzygiis verfatur, & minima ubi idem in QLuadraturis<br />
confifiiti & inde Luna in Perig3eo velocior eft & no&s<br />
gropior, in Apogao autem rardior & remotior in Syzygiis quam<br />
in Quadraturis. Progreditur in&per Apogawm, & regrcdiuntur<br />
Nodi, fed motu inxquabiii. Et Apogsrum quidem (per Coroli 7;<br />
& 8. Prop. LXVI.) velocius progreditur in Syzygiis his, tar&us<br />
regreditur in Qadraturis, & excel& progreh fupra regrerum<br />
annuatim fertur in confequentia. Nodi aurem ( per GoroI. ‘I 1.<br />
Prop, LXVI.) quiefcunt in Syzygiis fuiuis, St velocifime regrediunfur<br />
in Qndraturis. Sed & major efi Luna: latitude. maxima in.<br />
iphs Qadraturis (per Carol. IO. Prop, LXVI.) qwam. in<br />
giis: & motus medms tardier in Perihelia Term (per (29
gzfs<br />
Prop. Lxv Ia) quain in ipfius Afphelio. Atque ha: Eunt. inxquah. LlUr-r.<br />
tat-es infigniores ab Afironomis notats, TfillTlUA<br />
Sunt etiam aIix quadam nondum obiervataz inaqualitates, quibus<br />
motus Lunares adeo perturbantur, UC nulla haQenus lege ad.<br />
Regalam aliquam certam reduci potuerint. Velocitates enim feu.<br />
motus horarii Apogxi & Nodorum Lunz, & eorundem xquati...<br />
ones, ut SZ: differentia inter Eccentricitatem maximam in Syzygiis<br />
8i: minimam in Quadraturis, & inzqualitas qux: Variatio dicitur,<br />
augeatur ac diminuuntur annuatim (per Coral. ~4,. Prop. LXVI.)<br />
in triplicata ratione diametri apparentis Solaris. Et Variatio prz:<br />
terea augerur vel diminuitur in duplicaca xatione remporis inter<br />
quadraturas quam proxime (per Corol. I. & 2. Lem. X. &<br />
Coral. 16. Prop. LXVI. Lib. 1.) Sed haec in;rqualicas in calculo<br />
Afironomico, ad Profihaphzrefin Lung referri folet> Br cum e;b,<br />
confundi.<br />
. Ex ,motibus Luna noftr:1: tnotus anal’ogi Lunarum. fku Satelli.-<br />
tu~ll Jovis Gc derivantur. Motus medius Nodorwn Satellitis extimi<br />
Jovialis, cfi ad motum medium Nodorum Lunx. nofirx, in ratione<br />
compofita ex ratione duplicata temporis periodici Terrycirca<br />
Solcm ad tempus periodicum Jovis circa Solern, & ratione.<br />
fimplici remporis periodici Satellitis circa jovem *ad tcmpus periodicum<br />
Lunz circa Terram: (per Coral. I 6. prop. LXVI .) adeoquo<br />
anais. centum conficit Nodus ifie 8 F* 24’, in antecedcntia. Motus .<br />
medii Nodorum Satellitum interiorum fimt, ad motum hujus, ut.<br />
illorum tempora periodica ad rempus periodicum hujurs, per idem.<br />
Cork)llarium, & inde dantur. Motus autem Augis Satellitis cujufquc<br />
in. confequentia, e fi ad motum Nodorum ipiius in antecedentia,<br />
ut motus Apogzi Lune noitrze ad hujus motum Nodoruin,.<br />
(,pcr idem Coral.) & inde datur.’ Dmnnwi tamen debct<br />
motus Augis fit inventus in ratione f ad 9 vel I ad z circiter, ob<br />
caufam quam hit exponere non vacat. JJquationes maximaz No..<br />
&rum & Aegis Satelliris cujufque fere funt ad zquationes maximas<br />
No&rum & Augis Lunar refpetiive, UF mows Nodorum &-<br />
Aq$s, Sat&turn #knp.ore. unius MdUtionlS- zquatlarlum prio-<br />
RLaMp
39Q PH%LoSoPMI& AE’IS<br />
DC ?dUNDI ruin9 ad ixotus Nodorum 6; Apogzi Luna tempore unius revo~<br />
3 YSYEhlATE ,lutionis 33Juationum polkriorum. Variatio Satkllitis 2 Jove C e*<br />
eati, cfi ad Variacionem Lunzc, UC funr ad inviccm toti mows Np o-<br />
dorum temporibus quibus Satelles & Luna ad Solem revolvuntur,<br />
per idcm Coroilarium ; adeoque in Satellite extimo non fupcrat<br />
5”. 12”‘.<br />
PRQPOSITIO XXIV. THEOREMA XIX.<br />
Mare fingulis diebus tam Lunaribus quam Solaribus bis intumefcere<br />
debcre ac bis defluere, patet per Coral. 19. Prop, LXVL<br />
Lib.1. ut St aqua maxirnam alcitudinem, in marlbus profundis<br />
& liberis, appulrLlm Luminarium ad Meridianurn loci, minori<br />
quam kex horarum fppatio kyui, uti’ fit in Maris Atl~ntici &<br />
~E.z&~pki traRu toto orientali inter G~ZZz’am & Promontorium<br />
Borz~? %pei, ut & in Maris ‘Yal*ijci littore c’hiZen$’ & T’erkzliano:~<br />
in rluibus omnibus Iittoribus aflus in horam circiter tertiam incidit,<br />
nlfi ubi motus per loca vadofa propagatus aliquantulum retardatur.<br />
Horas numero ab appuIfu Luminaris utriufque ad Meridianum<br />
Ioci, tam infra Horlzontem quam f’upra, & per horas<br />
diei Lunaris intclligo vigefimas quartas partes temporis quo Lung<br />
motu apparente diurno ad Mcridianum loci revolvitur,<br />
Mows aurem bini, quos Luminaria duo excitant, non cernentur<br />
difiin&e, fed motum quendam mixtkrn efficient;- In Luminad,<br />
rium ConjunEtione vei Oppofitione conjungencur eofurh effe&.w,<br />
tk componetur fluxus & refluxus maxm~us. In Quadraturis Sol<br />
attollet aquam ubi Luna deprimit, deprimctque ubi Sol attollit,;<br />
& ex effe&unm difik-enria &us omnium minimus orietur. Et<br />
quoniam, experienria teife, major efi eEeAus Lunar quam Solis,<br />
incidet aqua maxima altitude in horam tertiam Lunarem. Ex..<br />
rra Syzygias & Quadraturas, xfius maximus qui cola vi Lunari<br />
incidere kmper deberet in horam tertiam Lunarem, & ibla Solari<br />
in tertiam Solarem, compofitis viribus incidec in tempus aliquod’<br />
intermedium quad tertiz Lunari propinquius efi ; adeoque ia<br />
tranf~ta Lunz a Syzygiis ad Qadraturas, t&i hors t&a Sala&<br />
przedit tertiam Lunarem, maxima acpz altitude przcedet etiam,<br />
tertiam
ga PI-I<br />
‘?h MuNal fubje&um; blocurn huic oppofitumi I, Cd altitudines Maris<br />
,in lock g, f, ?), LL Qinetiam<br />
G in przfata Ellipfeos<br />
prevofutione pun&urn quod- h<br />
vis N dekribat circulum<br />
A? M, ficantem parallelos<br />
;h;f, TV in locis quibufvis<br />
Hi, 27, & zquatorem A E in<br />
S; erit CN altitude Maris<br />
in lwis omaibus R, S, T, fitis in hoc circulo, Hint in revolt<br />
tionc diurna loci cujufvis F, afluxus erit maximu<br />
tertia pofi appulfum Lung ad Meridianum fupra<br />
poftea defluxus maximus in 2 hors tertia pofi, oc<br />
dein affluxus maximus in f hora tertia poit appulfium<br />
Meridianum inka Horizontem ; ultimo defluxus maximus in ,$?+<br />
hora tertia poit ortum Lunx; & affluxus pofierior in f erit mi-<br />
‘nor quam afTIuxus prior in F. Difiinguitur enim Mare totum in<br />
duos omnino flu&cus Hemifpharicos, unum in Hemifphzrio<br />
KHkC ad Boream vergentem , alterum in Hemifphaerio oppo-<br />
Vito Kh kc; quos igitur flu&urn Borealem & flu&urn Aufiralem<br />
nominare licet. Hi flu&us fernper Gbi mutuo oppofiti, veniunt<br />
per vices ad Meridianos locorum fingulorum, interpofiro intervallo<br />
horarum Lunarium duodecim. Cumque regiones Boreales<br />
magis participant flu&urn Borealem, & Auftrales magis Auftra-<br />
Iem, inde oriuntur ~fhs alternis vicibus majores & minores, in<br />
Iocis hgulis extra aquatorem 9 in quibus luminaria oriuncur &<br />
.occidunt. .Efius aucem major, Luna in verticem loci declinante,<br />
in:idet in horam circiter tertiam polE appulhm Lun,?= ad Meridianum<br />
fipra Horizontern, & Luna declinationem mutanre verte-<br />
:tur in minorem. IIt fluxuutn difFerentia maxima incidet in ten+<br />
pora Solititiorum 5 prazkrtim ii Luna: Nodus akendens verf’kur<br />
211 principio Arietis, Sic experientia compertum eLt, quod zefius<br />
.auatutini tempare hgberno fuperent vefpertinos 8~ vefpertini tempore
PRINCIPEA MAT’HEMAT1CA. 533<br />
pore AEvo tiatutinos, ad T&.2fi~tt5Um guickm altitudim quafi ElAFT.IP<br />
pedis unius, ‘ad BriJtoli’nm vero altitudine quindecim digitorum : TERTCwyobfervantibus<br />
C~Zcprel;Ti~ ck J’,~l;vrZo.<br />
Motus’autem hcoiernu~ defcripti mutantur aliquantulum per vim<br />
illam reciprocationis aquarum, qua &Iaris 32fius, ctiam ccflinr-ibus<br />
Ltiminarium a&ionibus, poff‘et aliquamdiu pcrkverarc. ~onkrratio<br />
hzcce mo,tus imp&i minuit difkrentiam zfiuum alterno&<br />
rum \ & afius proxime pofi Syzygias majorcs rcddi t, eoLlue proxime<br />
podt Qadraturas minuit, Unde fit ut aifus alterni ad “I”,+mti,~k~tm<br />
& Brifialiam non molto magis difkranc ab inviccm quam<br />
altitudine pedjs unius vel digitorum quindecim j .urque zfius omnium<br />
maximi in iifdem portubus, non iint primi a Syzygiis, &xi<br />
fertii. Retardantur etiam mow omnes in tranfitu per vada, adeo<br />
UC a&s omnium maximi, in fretis quibufdam & Fluviorum ofiiis,<br />
fint quarti vel etiam quinti a Syzygiis.<br />
Porro fieri poreit UC azIIus propagetur ab Oceano per Fretn dive&<br />
ad eundcm porrum, Ekf citius Crankat per Aqua h-eta qua112<br />
per alia : quo in caf~~ ~fius idem, in duos vcl plures filccefive adveoientes<br />
divifus, componere pofit mocus novos diveribrum generu‘m,<br />
Fingamus altus duos zquaIes a dive& iocis in eundem<br />
gorcum venire, quorum prior przcedat alterum [patio horarum<br />
fix, incidatque in horam tertiam ab apgulfu Lunx ad Meridianum<br />
portus. Si Luna in hocce Cue ad Meridianurn appulk verfibatur<br />
in Equatore, venient fingulis horis Cenis zquales aff-luxus,<br />
qui in mlnruos refluxus incidendo eofdem affluxibus aquabunt<br />
& fit fpatio diei illius efficient ut aqua tranquille iiagnet. Si<br />
Luna tune declinabat ab Bquatore, fient &us in Oceano vicibus<br />
alternis ma-jores & .minores, uri diQum efi 5 & inde propagabunrur<br />
in hunt portum aflhms bini mnjores & birli minores, vicibus<br />
alternis. A.#uxus aurem bini majores component aquam.<br />
altiflImam in medio inter ucrumquez afbxus major St minor faciet<br />
ut aqua afiendae ad mediocrem alricudinem in Medio ipforum3<br />
sr: inter affluxus binos minores aqua af?endet ad altitudinem<br />
minimam, Sic fpatio viginci quatuor horGum, aqua non<br />
his ut f&i folct, fed femel tantum pervcniee ad maximam alcittadinem<br />
& femel ad minimam; & altitude maxima, ii Luna decliaat<br />
in poIum fwpra Horizonrem loci ‘, incidet in horam vel kxtam<br />
Mel tricefitiam al, apptilfti Luna: ad Meridianum, atque kuna de-<br />
&nationem mutallte mutabitur in defluxum, Qorum omnium<br />
e~etiplum, in poctu regni li’wr$G ad Ba6@am, filb l”t$it:j;l;
33~ MUNDI Boreali zogr* 50’. H&ks ex Naurarum Ob~ervhonibus pate&<br />
s KS TEMA T E f&t. Ibi aqua die tranfitum per Aquatorem kquence.<br />
~qyac, &in Euna ad Borcam dechallte inciplt Auere & refluere,<br />
non his, 14~ in aliis POIXU~US, fed kmcl fingulis diebus; or: Z&LB<br />
illcldit in occaCum Lunx, defluxus maxImus in ortum. CUIl%<br />
Lung declinatione augetur hit 3zfius, u@ue ad diem lfepeimam<br />
vel o&avum> dein per alias Piptern dies iifdem gradibus decr.ekit,<br />
quibus antea creverat 5 & Luna declinationem mutante ceffat, acmox<br />
mutatur in defluxum. Incidit eniti Cubinde defluxus in occa~um<br />
Lunac Sr affluxus in orcum, donec Lima iterum mutet :declinationem.<br />
Aditus ad hunt portum fresaque vicina duplex ,paeer,<br />
alter ab Ocean0 Skze@ inter Continentem Ik Mklam LSXO-.<br />
z&m, alter a Mari Iazdico inter Continentem & lnfulam Borneo<br />
An azRus fpatio. horarum duodecim a Mari A.zdico, & Kpatio horarum<br />
fex a Mari Siraenyf per freta ills vcnientes, & fit .in horam terham<br />
& nonam Lunarem incidentes, componanc hujufmodi mows;.<br />
Bjtne alia Marium iilorum condieio) ~obkwtionibus vicinorwm.<br />
lictorum determinandum relinquo.<br />
HaQenus cau.fas motuum Lunz & ‘Marium rcddidi. De qua+<br />
&ate motuum jam convenit aliqua cubjungere.<br />
PROPOSITXQ XXV. PRQB’LEn;a~‘~L
P ~,.,~~El~~~I~~.* g$q<br />
Sole~m. Eat co~poni~tur. ex paattibw $M, L NJ quarwn~ P; M 2% 1,~ 11.1: b!<br />
ipfih~, s-&Z RS~,S TM per.turbat mowmy Lunar; LIE in Libri primi ?‘E1t’r”“<br />
’ B’iop. LXW., & ejus Corollariis empofitum efi. CJ$tenus~ Terra6<br />
&2 EU&l circut31 commuxie gravitatis. centrum rev01vun6u.r~ perturba!bit.ur.<br />
ham. WOWS, Terclr: circa cenwum iHud, a viribus can4fi,miU<br />
libus ;’ fid- Cutnmas tam. viltiwm qyam~motuum refcwe I&t ad: hl<br />
~>~Ws9- k, flIlII~~as:. virium...per lincas ipfis analagas 5YA-4. &z: A~J%<br />
&f@re. wis il?!1$ ( in mcdiocri ha quaatitate), oiE’ ad. vim,<br />
centnpetam, q,Ua Luna, in Orbe ho circa ‘~erram-,quiefcen-tel,~~, a&<br />
difihtltlam! 5? r revolvi poffet, im dulplicata, radone. teCgnporlum<br />
pe~io,dikorum Lunx circa Terram St Terra2 circa SoPem 9 (;pc’r<br />
CO~~Q~. $3 7i E’w~~~L:xv:~.. Lib. I,) hoc efi,, in. duplicata r.atione cl&~<br />
r,um 27. kwr. 7. r/ain.~3~ ad dies 365. hr. G. win.g, id efi, ut IOOC;<br />
ad’ 178-725, Gu r ad x7+@; hvenimus autem in Phopofirione:<br />
quarta quad, fi Terra or hna circa commune gravitatis cenrr’w~~.<br />
revolvaneur, earum dihntia mediocris ab invicem erk 60% ihi.-<br />
diaxnetrorum mediocrium Terrx quamproxime. E-t vis. qua Luraa<br />
Jn Orbe circa Terratn quickentern a d di~fiantiam T T kmidiam-ctrorum<br />
terrefhium 60; revolvi poffet) eft ad vim, qua eodem<br />
tcmpore ad difiantiarn kmidiametrorum 60 revolvi poirec, UT.<br />
60+ ad GO j & haze vis ad vim gravikis apud 110s UC a ad<br />
;Qo X 60 quamproxime. ldeoque vis rnediocris ML, efi ad vim<br />
gragitalis in fiuperficie Terra , ut I x 60: ad 60 x 60 x GO x r78$2-,<br />
fix I ad 6j8092,6~ Vnde ex proportione linearurn ‘IlM, ML,<br />
aatur e.tiam vlis TN: & II,?: funt vireh Solis qwibus Lung motus<br />
gerturbantur. ,$$ El L<br />
P~OPOSITlO XXVI. BROBEEMA VII,
396 SOPHIIE NA14WRAEP.S<br />
-nU MUNbI<br />
ad mediocrem fuam quantitatem TfP, ut at vis TM ad me&o-’<br />
s YSTEMAT E crem fuam quantiratem 3 T I & EL; agenda<br />
k’ecundum perpendiculum ) accelerat vel retardat ipfam, quanturn<br />
accelerat vel rctardat Lunam. Acceleratio illa LurxP in<br />
frantitu ipfiuS a Qadratura C ad Conjun&ionem A, fingulis<br />
temporis momentis fa&a, e it ut ipfa vis acceIerans EL;, hoc en,<br />
lit: $/vw-IC, E xponatur tempus per motum medium Luna-<br />
T6P<br />
rem, vel (quad eodem fere recidit) per angulum CTT) vei<br />
aa<br />
etiam per arcum CF. Ad CT erigatur normalis C G. ipfi (.Z’<br />
zquaIis. Et divifo arcti quadranrali AC in particulas mnumeras<br />
a~~uales Tp, &c. per quas zquales rotidem particulz temporis<br />
exponi pofint , du&aque pi perpendiculari ad CZ”, . jungatur<br />
TG ipfis KP, kp prod&is occurrens in F&f, & erlt Kk ad<br />
t;PK ut Tp ad Tp, hoc efi in data ratione, adeoque FKxKk<br />
feu area F.Kkj9 ut 3T lcTx TT ‘I’, id eff 9 ut EL •<br />
J & compoiite 9<br />
area tota G CKF ut fumma omnium virium EL temporc tiot~<br />
Cfg imgrefl’aruna In Lunam , atque adeo etiam, ut velqcitas hc<br />
furnma
fu Enma genita, id efi, ut acceleratio defcrlptionis are= CTT>‘~& 1,i: :i<br />
incrementurn momenti. Vis qua Luna circa Terram quiefcel]Eem T~:RT~J. 1<br />
ad difiantiam Ty, tempore Cue periodic0 CA‘D UC dierttm 27.<br />
howl 7. min. 43. mdvi poffer, efficerec ut corpus, tempore C‘x<br />
cadendo, del’criberet longitudinem tC I, & velocitarrm iit;lul.<br />
acquireret 3equalem velocitati, qua Luna in Orbe fuo movefur.<br />
Patet hoc per Carol. 9. Prop. IV. Lib. I. Cum auw~~ perpendiculum<br />
Kd in TP demifhm fit ipfius E 6, pars r&a, CC ip-<br />
GUS TP fiu ML in O&antibus pars dimidia, vis E I, in Otlanhbus,<br />
ubi maxima efi, iuperabit vim ML in ratione 3 ad 2)<br />
adeoque erit ad vim illam, qua Luna tempore ho periodlco circl<br />
Terram quiekentcm revolvi poffet , ut IOO ad ; x 17672: i;u<br />
I: 1915, & tempore 42 T velocitatem geflcrnre debercc qu,~ c&t<br />
JO0 . velociratis Lunkis, tempore autem C ‘PA velocitatcm<br />
ECjso;iZ Igeneraret in ratione CA ad CT’ ku T-2’. Expona tus.<br />
vis maxima E L in OEtantibus per arcam FKx Kk refiangulo<br />
-1 TT x ‘-pp ;sequalem* Et velocitas 9 quam vis maxima temp.ore<br />
quovis CT generare poffet, eri‘t ad vclocitatem quam vis omnis<br />
minor E,l; eodem tempore generat, ut re&?ngulum t T&P x c 7~<br />
ad aream KCG F: tempore autem toto CT A, velocitares genit=<br />
erunt .ad invicem ut reQangulum t IT X CA & triangulum<br />
2-6 G,. five ut arcus quadrantalis C A & radius T T. ldeoquc<br />
(per Prop. xx. Lib. V. Hem,) vetocitas pofierick, toto tempore<br />
~genita, erit. pars 100 velocitatis L.LIaX. Huic LuIl32 velocitati,<br />
guz areg momeikk?‘mediocri analoga et?, addatur & auferatur<br />
dimidium velocitatis akerius ; & G momentum mediocre exponnt13r<br />
per numerum 1~915~ fumma 1rpl5-+-50 ‘ku 1196~ exhibebit<br />
momentum maximum arez in Syzygia A, ac difkentia<br />
rxpr5- 50 ;Teu 11865 ejufdeni momentum minimum ill Quadra-<br />
GUI-is. Jgltur area: temporibus zqualibus in Syzygiis Sr Qadraguris<br />
defcripta, limt ad invicem ut I 1965 ad I 1865. Ad momencum<br />
minimum I 186~ addarur momentumj quad fit ad momentorum<br />
dserentiam ‘109 UC trap?@urn FKCG ad triangulum<br />
TCG (vel quad perrnde eR> UC quadrarum Sinus T K ad<br />
quadraturn Radii Tp, id. efi, UC T d .ad Z-55’) Sr hmma exhibebit<br />
momentum areg, ubi ‘Luna efi in 10~0 quovis intcrmeledis<br />
T.<br />
~gc omnia ita fe habent, ex Hypothefi quad SOI & Terra quiefcunt,<br />
&’ Lund tempore Synodico dierum 27. her. 7. min. 43. rewdyitur.<br />
cum atitem periodus SyFodica Lunaris vere iit dierum
3 a.8 P 1-I I E PHI.&<br />
Lit IGWND1 YLlrn 29. bsr. x2. 8~ min. &A augeri debenit momenr0rum inwe..<br />
sr:yc!l~‘r E n~enta in. ragiorwtemporis, id efi, in ratione 1a8o8;~~g adi xoooocx~~<br />
,HO~ pa&o incxementun~ towm3 quad erat pars &$$ rnomcnti<br />
mediocris 9 jam fiec ejufdem pars $&&. ldeoquc mornen turn<br />
are;z in Qgadratura kuns erit, ad ejus momcn~tw-n3., in, Syygia<br />
ut II~OZ~ -“950 ad; 1x023 +po, feu x037)3’ ad;. I ia,~.3.~, 83;. ad ejus<br />
momentum, ubi Luna in alio- quovis,loco intqrxledlo It’- verfi~~r,.<br />
ut 10973 ad! 10973 -+-add; exiitentw vidolicet T’F< zq:uali. DYO;.<br />
Area igitar, quam Luna, radio adi ?ierram: &I&O. fingulis~, ternporis<br />
particulis xqualibus dekxihit 9 41 quam+ proxime ut. f~~rnmai<br />
nunm-i 21946 & Sinue vwi duplicate difiantk Lun3: ai@adra-.<br />
tura proxima 9 in circulo cujw aadius ek uniDas2 H9x1 ital k ha*<br />
bent ubi Variatio in cXkmt,ibus-efi magnitudinis mediocrk Sin<br />
Variatio ibi major fit vel minor; augeri debts ve;l, minui-,Sinus: ilk<br />
,,verfuPs in eadem ratione.<br />
I<br />
p R 0 ,p O”cJ’I -pI 0” JpJ(J7I.I~ p i 0 B”E E;l”ilI!& J,7.1g-a<br />
-EX wotu hwarb i%w %mm&e $$im diF,!r&am a Thwu;<br />
Area, quam Luna. radio ad, T&ram d&o, fingulis, tempc$$;<br />
momentis, defcribit, efb UC, moew horariup IXUXE & quadraturn:<br />
dif+antk Lunar a -Terra~~conjun&im:; & pro@xeak difian& I.une:<br />
a, Terra: efi in r@tione compofita ex. filbduplic~t~;ration~ Aroar C&<br />
re&e & fubduplicata. ratione motes horarii inve&: ,$&I$. 1;,<br />
&‘a&. I. Him da.tur: kma diameter apparens: qui,ppe qxw fis:<br />
.reciproce.ut iphus.~difi~~t.iat a~TerIra. Ten ten&i: kkfinonomi~ qwmi<br />
probex4haw RegulaAoum” Phaensmenisi dongruatr .<br />
~‘kwoZ.~ 2. Mnc: etiam- Orbisti Ijyaaris: aacuratius,:a I?.haz~orncxGs<br />
quam antehac definiri potefii
-@o PlW.JIXOPWI~E NbJ’WRAEIS<br />
‘I?F: I?rUNDl<br />
s Y s ‘I‘ i: b, A a’ e<br />
Qloniam Figura orbis Lunaris ignorarur , hujus vice affimalllus<br />
Ellipfin 2, B CA, in cujus centro I Terra collocetur, & cu-<br />
PUS axis major 59 C Qlradraturis, mhor AB Syzygiis interjateat.<br />
Cum aurem planum Ellipfeos hujus motu angulari circa<br />
Terram revolvatur, & Traje&oria cujus curvaturam confideramus,<br />
ckfcribi &bet in plano quad omni motu angulari omnino dCfli*<br />
tuicur : confideranda erit Figura, quam Luna’ in Ellipfi illa revolvend0<br />
def~ribit in hoc piano, hoc eft Figura Cpa, cujus pun&a<br />
iingula p inveniuntur capiendo pun&urn quodvis F in EIlipfiJ<br />
quad 10cmt Lun;e reprehrer, & ducendo Tp ,aqtialem TT, ea<br />
legc ut angulus T Tp zqualis fit motui apparenri Sol,k a tempore<br />
aadratura: c’ confe&o 5. vel, (quod eodem- ferc recidit) u t<br />
angulus CTp fit ad angulum<br />
CTP ut tempus revolutio- ‘f s<br />
llis Synodics Lunaris ad tem- ; \<br />
~3~s revolutionis Periodicaz .<br />
Ileu “9” 12”.44’, ad 27d. 7L.43’.<br />
Capiatur igitur angulus CTa ,:<br />
in eadem ratione ad angulum<br />
reQum CTA, & fit<br />
longitude Ta squalis longitudini<br />
T./ j & erit a<br />
Aph ha & C ApGs (ilmma<br />
Orbis hujus C;d&. Ra-<br />
‘oiones autem ineundo inve- D<br />
nio quod difFerentia inter<br />
curvaturam Orbis Cpa in<br />
vertice dJ & curvaturam Circuli<br />
centro T interval10 Ti4<br />
defcriptiJ fit ad dift’erentiam *--...<br />
inter curvaturam Ellipfeos in<br />
verrice A & curvaturam ejufdem Circuli, in’duplicata ratione at+<br />
guli C T’P ad angulum CTp; & quod curvatura Ellipfeos in A<br />
fit ad curvaturam Circuli illiusJ in duplicata rationc T.& ad T Cj<br />
& curvatura Circuli illius ad curvacuram Circuli centro T in-<br />
Cervallo TC dcfcripti, ut TC ad TA; hujus autem curvatura ad<br />
curvaturam &kpf’eos in CJ in duplicata ratione TA ad TC; &<br />
CliiYerentia inter curvaturam Ellipfeos in qertice C St ctirvaturam<br />
Oirculi noviflimi, ad difkrentiam inter curvaturam :Figurx: T$ D<br />
in vercice C & curvatwam ejufdem Girculi, in duplicata ratione<br />
Gqy Ii
RPNCI[I>IA IVLA wm ATlCA.. &%-+!?I<br />
anguli Tp ad’ anplum CT?‘. C&x quidetn rationes ex Gnu- t 1 II riI<br />
bus angul0rum contafiw ac diffcrensiarum angulc3rum facile CoIli-. TB NT1 vJ.<br />
guntur. His autem inter fe collaris, pro&t curvarura Figurx Cp a<br />
in n ad ipfirrs curvaturam in C> ut A TC& -+- Iw CTq x A T<br />
ad .CTCZ& -+- a h!TqXCr Ubi numcrus 100000 ZEA- defignac<br />
differentiam quadratorum angulorum (II’ TF’ EX c ‘T,LJ appliadracum<br />
anguli minoris CT”P, ku ( qu,od perifFercntiam<br />
quadratorum teanporq ayd* 711’ 43’, &<br />
applicatain ad quadraturn temporis 27 d* 7 ha 4,~‘~<br />
a defignct Syzygiam Lund, & C ipfius Qadraru-<br />
.ram, propartio jam invcnta eadcm eTii: debet cum proportions<br />
curvatur.~ Orbis L~uxe in Syzygiis ad ejufdcm curvaturam in<br />
Qadraturis, quam fupra invcnimus. Proinde ut inveniacur pro--<br />
portio C’T ad A?T, duco extrcma & media in fe iuvicem. Et<br />
termini prodeuntcs ad AlY. CT’ applicati, fiunt zo62,79 CTq q<br />
-2rt5~pG~~~XC~cub + 368676T\a %AT%C*Tg+ 3634zATq<br />
%CQ- 3620447 N X e&if-y X CT-t- 2191371 N X d’~cztb -I-<br />
40~1,4Az34--0. Mic pro terminorum AT Pr CT kmifi.mma<br />
N kribo” r\, & pro eorulldem femidifkrenria poncndo X, fit<br />
CT=r+x, & AT= I --x: quibus in xquatione fcriptis 9 &<br />
aquationc prodeunte refoluta, obtinetur x zqualis OP~IY~ Gi<br />
inde kmidiarncter CT fit r,oo719~ & femidiameter AT 0~992519<br />
qui numcri filtlt ut 70&, & 159%“~ quam proxime. ER igitur difi:allria<br />
LL~~E a Terra in Syzygiis ad ipfius dihntiam in Qadraturis<br />
(fcpofi ~a fcilicet Eccentricitatis confiderativne) ut 6yA ad<br />
70~~~) vex numeris rotundis ut 6p ad 70.<br />
PRO POSIT10 XXIX. PROBLEMA X.<br />
Oritw bxc inxqualitas partim ex -forma Elliptica orbis Lunaris,<br />
pnrcitn cx ixwqualitate momento.rum arex cpam Lum rack3<br />
ad Tcrram d0o defcribit, Si Luna ‘P in EllipG D B&IA circa<br />
Terram in ccntro EllipCeos quiefcentem moveretur9 & radio fz”“F<br />
ad TerratB d&o dckriberet aream C’TP tempori proportionalem<br />
3 eilTet aurem Ellipkos kmidiameter maxima CT ad kmidiametrnm<br />
minimam TA ut 70 a$ Gp: foret tanjgens anguli<br />
GTP ad tag3getztcm anguli ~OCLIS mcdii a %adratura, C cogyutati><br />
ut llipfcoa femidiameter F:f! ad qufdem fem~d~ama~qm<br />
2-c
40% PEIILosoPwI& T&4<br />
r)g blur:~r TC @I 69 ad 70. Debet autem defcriptio are2 C?” P2 iq pi+<br />
SY-.cTE’lATE~reRu Lunar a Qadratura ad Syzygiam, ea ratioqe, s.ge&wl, UB<br />
ijus momentum in Syzygia Lunz 17~ ad ejys IFO~E~&I~ in f&ladraturn<br />
UC I 1073 ad 10973 1 utque exceffus mo~~$J?Fi F’!? kW<br />
qucjvis intcrmedlo ‘P itipra momentum in Qadratura $6 YC ~sas<br />
dratum finus anguli CIT. Id quod i’ritls accqtate. Get? fi F?R~<br />
gens anguli CT’P diminuatur in fLlbduplicat+ ~~!IQII~ nut$w&<br />
10973 ad numerpm 11~73, id efi, in ratiwe 111~rneri 68,48a~ %k<br />
numcrum 63. c&IO paQ0<br />
tangens anguli CT’P jam e- :>; s<br />
rit ad tangentem mo,tus medii<br />
ut ~8@77 ad 70, &Z an,-<br />
gulus CTT in CXkanribus,<br />
ubi motus mcdius elt 45 gr*<br />
kvenietur 49”‘. 27’. 28”. qui<br />
&bdu&us de angulo motus<br />
medii 45 gr. relinquic Va,riarionew<br />
rnaximani 32’. 32”.<br />
&.ZC ita fe haberena ii Luna,<br />
pergendo 4 Qadratura ad<br />
Spzygiam, defiriberet angu-<br />
Iurn CTA graduum tantum<br />
aginta. Vcrum ob mo-<br />
Terror, quo Sol, in confcquentia<br />
motu apparente<br />
kransfertur, Luna, priufquam *-.* .<br />
Solem afl-equitur , defcribit<br />
angulum CTa angulo re&o majorem in ratione t+qpQ+ rev?-<br />
lucronis Lunaris S@odic.z: ad tempus revolutionis PeGodlw ,HZ!<br />
eit, in ratione 29d~ 1.2,h, 4+!. ad, 2+;! b 7 !. 4$: Et hoc pa&o anguli<br />
omnes circa centrum 5F’ dilatantur in eadem ratione, 6r VakGat,io<br />
maxima qu;re f&us e&c 32’. 32”, jay a$$. in! G&km ratione<br />
fit: 3s’. IO”.<br />
kkc eit ejus magnit@q in medi0cr.i difllallti< Z$ljs. a. ‘T&r+(<br />
neglk&ig dif&entiis qua 2 cu:rvatura Orbis magni. rnaj;lriqqr: $0~<br />
iii aaione in Lunam falcatam. & noyam qum, in, grbbo&q &.<br />
&em&, oriri, p&nt. In. &is difia+tGs Solis a, Terja., Varia,tiq<br />
maxima efi ‘in ratione quz compckitur ex duplicata ratisne temr<br />
pork revolutionis Synod& Lunaris (data anni tempore) dir&e,<br />
g trip&+ ratignp di,fiantirx: Salis., ;! Terrainverfe, Jdeoque in,<br />
Apogaes
40s<br />
ariatio niaxima eft 33” 14”, & in ejus Peri@ tI B ER<br />
Eccentriciras Solis iic ad Orbis .magni fimidia- TEPTIU~am<br />
tranfverfam ut 16% ad IOOO.<br />
a&cnus Va:Gtionem invefiigavimvs in Orbe non eccentrico,<br />
in quo Utique Ijuna in OQantibus filis femper elt: in mediocri fiua<br />
~&+ntia a TeWa. Si Luna proper eccexrtricitatein fUaElj. magis<br />
ve:l minas- &Rat-. 2 Terra quati G lohetur in IWC Orbe; Vzhiatio<br />
na.ulo! l+jqajor CRC poteR vel paulo minor quam pro Regula hit<br />
gg&ata : Ced’ ~~~flirn ve’L d6fe&un$ ab Aitronomis p&r PhticrrneI~a<br />
~&e?min~ndum reliliquo.<br />
~~RC’FOSITIO XXX. FROBLEMA XI.<br />
Defignet- S Solem, T Terram, fip Lunam, J\I!P G Orbem Luns,<br />
zz veltigium Orbis in plano Eclipticae 5 I% zz Nodes, nZ”Nm
pi? &lip&x j a 4 Qsdraturas Lund in piano Eclipticz, k.2~<br />
MUNDI<br />
s YSTE hlAT E perpendiculum in lineam g4 Qadraturls interjacentem. vis<br />
Solis ad perturbandum motum Lun,?: (per Prop.xxv.) duplex efi,<br />
altera line% L M, altera linea MT proportionalis. Et Euna vi<br />
priore in Terram, pofieriore in Salem kcundum lineam re&xz $2<br />
a Terra ad Solem duti:a paralielam t~*ahitur. Vi’s prior’ LM<br />
agit: kcundum planurn orbis Lunaris, & propterea fiturn plani nil<br />
mutat. Hzc igitur negligenda efi. Vis pofierior MT qua planum<br />
Orbis Lunaris perturbatur eadem efi cum vi 3 T I( vel 3rJr.<br />
Et hax vis (per Prop, xxv.) eiP ad vim qua Luna in &MO circa<br />
Terram quiefcentem ‘ternpore fuo periodic0 uniformiter revollvi<br />
poffet, ut 3 IT ad Radium circuli multiplicatum per numerum<br />
178,725 five ut .TTad Radium multipticatum per f9,575. Gaterum<br />
in hoc calculo & eo omni qui fequitur, confiders lineas omnes<br />
a Luna ad Solem d&as tanquam parallelas line= qua a Terra<br />
ad Solem ducitur, propterca quod inclinatio tantum fere minuie.<br />
effehs omnes in aliquibus caiibusJ quantum auget in &is . &<br />
yadorum mqtus mediocres quarimus, neg!eBi+’ ifiitiftio’di 1 ,&$u-<br />
~UQ ~uaz,rcaloulum 1 nimi’s iinpeditm redckrenc, :’ ~ ,’’<br />
.‘-<br />
.,<br />
e-
RINCIPlA~ HEMATICA:; iv<br />
YIP 13 X A.27 proportionalis, & conjunfiis rationibus, P J{x ‘p N Lrocn<br />
lfk X T2, X AZ> & TK S.L$‘,& x,&Z uc TIRTI~~.<br />
d-i UT ConEeINUm<br />
.Kk x ‘p ‘21) X.&-Z 4~4. id elt, ut area F a~ do & AZ~‘/. conjun&&n.<br />
$i& 4% 22.<br />
Coral 2. Jn d ata quavis Nodorum pofirionc, motes horariuq<br />
mediwris cfi fernif’& m~f;uq horarii in. S.yzyGiis Lunz, jdeoquc CR<br />
Q $‘ &e”e 3 s”‘. z 6”. 3 6”. WC quadraturn Gnus difiantiz Nodorum a<br />
~yzpgiis ad cfWkatw Radii,, five ut ~‘Zqzt. ad AT& Naln<br />
%i &uw Wlifor~i c.Qm nn,of-u pcrambulet hnicircihy RAq, f~tm-<br />
43V WW/Um wwum T fD L#&?, quo Oqmrc Luna per@t a 2 ad<br />
-&4 Vk area gM dE qu3z ad circufi tangenrcm J&t’ termina-<br />
PLlr j & qU0 kempore Luna attingit punfium B, rumma i[la erit<br />
area tdta &! @A% quam linea.T’D defcribit, dein EUII~ pergente<br />
ab FZ ad 4, linea T CD cadet extra circnlum ,. & aream zq c ad<br />
circuli tangentem 4 e terminatam defcribets quzp quoniam Nodi<br />
prius regrediebantur, jam vero progrediunrrrr, fubdrrci debet de<br />
area yriore, lk cum atqualis fit are= $2&EN, relinquec knicirculum<br />
NgA12. lgitur Cumma omnium arearum ‘T‘D dik?, quo 1,<br />
tempore Luma femicirculum defcribit , eR area femicirculij &<br />
$“mma 0mniti.m quo ternpore Luna circulum dercribit efl area circuli<br />
tocius. At ‘area fp CD d 1w, ubi Luna verfarur in Syzygiis, e8t:<br />
re&angulum fub arcu fp iI?2 & radio MT j & fumma omnrum huic..<br />
azqualium arearum, quo tem>po.re Luna circuIum deccribit, ell:<br />
re&anguluem hb circumferencia tota & radio circull 3, & hoc<br />
re&anji$um , cum fit zquale duobus circulis, duplo majus eR<br />
quam re&angulum prius. Proin:de Nodi, ea cum velocitate uniformiter<br />
continuata quam habent in Syzygiis Lunaribus, i‘patium<br />
duplo majus defcriberent quam revera defcribunt; L;r propterea<br />
motus mediocris quocum, fi un:f3rmlter continuareCur, jYpatiUn1<br />
a fe &quabiIi cum motwrevera conk&urn dekribere poffent, efi<br />
.fernifis motus quem habent in Syzygiis Lonz~. Unde cuni motus<br />
horarius maximus, fi Nodi. In Qyadraturis verfintw fit,<br />
3f. lc/‘. 3 3”. I 2v, motus mediocris horarius in hoc cdu erit<br />
3 6”. 3 y. 16”. 3u. it hum motus horarius Nodorum femper fit<br />
Ut AZ~B. & area F 27 d M conjunaim, 2% propterea mow horarius<br />
N odorurn in Syzygiis Lunx: u,t Azql~. k area pa dM<br />
conjunEtim , id & (: ob &tam a.ream Fp’cZ,~d~ti in Syzygiis deccriptam)<br />
IJ~ n,Zqu, erit etiam motus mediocris~ut AZqw. atque<br />
zdeo h.ic mot.us, ubi. Nodi cxrra Qndratwaa verfintw wit ad<br />
-&g; .J f. z6tv. .p; ut &$jhp a.d’ATqs &&ES:<br />
P R 0..
hnenire m&m korarium Nodorum l&me in Orbe Ellipticn.<br />
.<br />
Defignet $i&p m d q Elliph 9 axe majore gq) minore ab dehiptam,<br />
R&q Circulum circumfcriptum, T Terram in utriufque<br />
ccntro communi, S Solem, p Lunam in Ellipfi motam, & pm arcum<br />
quem data temporis particula quam minima defcribit, AT & ti<br />
Nodes linea Nlz junfios, 9 K & rn,$ perpendicula in axem ,LQ<br />
demiffa & hint inde prod&a, donec occurrant Circulo in 9 &A&<br />
22<br />
ii’ ..I<br />
B<br />
,<br />
& linez +Jodorum in I) & d. Et fi Luna, radio ad Terram du-<br />
620, arcam defcribat ternpori proportionaIem, erit mows Nodi in<br />
‘EllipG ut area p “&) d m.<br />
Nam ii fB F rangat Circulum in T, & prod&a occurrat TN<br />
in F2 63s p/ rangat El1ipfi.n in p & produaa occurrat ,eidem TAT<br />
ius
PRIN’CPPI~ EMATICA. 409<br />
ifl ,J COnVeniant a~rem h tangences in axe Tg ad rj & G L,iR I: ii<br />
&fL defign!t fpati\lm quad kuna in Circulo revolyens, interea TcNT:~,<br />
dUm dekriblt arcum ‘P M, urgeme 8r: impcllellte vi prxcliQa<br />
3 ITS motu ,tranfverro dekribere p&T& & ml defigt,cc fpatium<br />
qtlod hna ln Ellipfi revolvens eodem [empore, ur&enre etiam vi<br />
3 IT9 dekribcre pofXet 5 &producant~r L T & Zp doncc occurrant:<br />
@ano EcIiptlcz in G Srg; 8-c<br />
junganrur FG & fg, quarum F’G<br />
produea f&et: Ph pg 8~ TRin c3 e 8s R refpe&ive, k fg prcsdu&a<br />
fecet T$( in r : Q,oniam vis. 3 1~ feu 3 pi in crrculo<br />
efi ad vim 3 JT 6~ 3p K in Ellipfi, ut 4p K ad p I
??E i\,fWNOl iterior proportionalis fit motui Nodorum in Circulo, erit area.<br />
sYS’I‘EblnT E prior proportionalis motui Nodorum in Ellipfi, ,$QE, 59.<br />
CowI. Igitur cum , in data Nodorum pofitione, fhnma omnium<br />
a~a~urn p ‘22 dr/, quo tempore Luna pergit a Qadratura ad locum<br />
qucrnvis m, iit area mp J&Z LI, quze ad Ellipkos tangentem,<br />
2.E terminatur j & fumma omnium arearum illarum, in revolutioue<br />
inregra, fit area ElIiptCos totius : mot-us mediocris Nodorum<br />
in ElIipfi erit ad motum mediocrem Nodorum in Grculo, ut EI-<br />
Iiplis ad Circulum 5 id eit, ut Td ad TA, ku 69 ad 70, Et<br />
propterea9 cum motus mcdiocris horarius Nodorurn in Circwlo<br />
lit ad 16’/. 3$‘T IQ”, 36”. ut AZqaJ. ad ATqu. fi capiatur augulus<br />
I 6”. 2 I”‘. 3% 3 ov, ad angulum I 6”. 3 5”‘. 16”. ~6’~ ut 69 ad go,<br />
crit mows mcdiocris horarius Nodorum in tilllpfi ad 16”. z I”/.<br />
siVe 20”. ut A.274 ad A Tq j hoc efi, UC quadraturn finus difiantix:<br />
No& ;I Sole ad quadratum Radii.<br />
Ckterum kuna, radio ad Terram du&o, aream velocius dekribit<br />
in Syzygiis quam in Qadraturis, & eo nomine tempus in Syaygiis<br />
contrahitur ) in Qadraturis producitur ; & una cum ternpore<br />
mows Nodorum augetur ac diminuitur. Erat autem momentum<br />
are2 in Qadraturiskunar: ad ejus momentum in Syaygiis<br />
ut 10973 ad 11073, & propterea momentum mediocre inO&antibus<br />
efi ad excefiml in Syzygiis, defe&umque in Quadraturis, ut<br />
paumerorum kmifilmma I 1023 ad eorundem femidifferentiam go,<br />
Unde cum tempus Lung in fmgulis Brbis particulis qualibus fit<br />
reciproce ut ipfius velocitas , erit tempus mediocre in O&antibus<br />
ad exccffim remporisin Qladraruris, ac defehm in Syzygiis, ab<br />
hat cauf~ oriundum, ut 11023 ad 50 quam proximc. ergendcb<br />
autem a Qladraturis ad Syzygias, invenio quad exccffus momentorum<br />
are33 in locis Gngulis, i‘upra i~~omcntum minimum in Quadl-aturis,<br />
fit ut quadraturn finus difiantiz %unz a Qadraturis<br />
3JUXIl groximc j & propterea differentia inter momentum in loco<br />
quosunque & momentum mediocre in Ohanribus, efi ut differentia<br />
inter quadratum finus diitantirt: Lunz a aadraturis &<br />
quadratum finus graduum 4f) feu femiirem quadrati<br />
incrementurn teqq7oris in loch hgulis inter O&antes &<br />
turas, & decrementurn ejus inter O&antes & Syzygias<br />
dem ratione. Lotus autem Nodorum, quo tempone<br />
currit hgulas Brbis particulas aquales, acceleratur velt<br />
in d uplicata rxtione temporis, Efi e11im WQtM$ iitep<br />
per-
CIPIA MA HEMATIC,A. 4’1<br />
yercurrit fp M, (cceteris par.ibus) ut ML, 8r: ML; elt in dupli- L~sK::,<br />
cata ra tione tern pork Quare morus Nodorum in Syzygiis, co TE~*~!c~<br />
tempore confe&:us ~LIO Luna daeas Orbis particulas pcrcurrit, di-.<br />
knuitur in dupkata ratione numeri I 1073 ad nwnerum I 1023 i<br />
efiquc dwrknentum ad motum reliquum ut IOO ad 10973, ad<br />
’ motu,rn vero totuxn Ilt IOO ad I: 1073 quam proxime. Decrementum<br />
auteln in lock inter O&antes & Syzygias, & incrementurn<br />
in locis inter O&antes 8-z Qndraturas, eft quam proxime ad<br />
%loc decrementurn, ut motus totus in locis illis ad mocum toturn<br />
in Syzygiis & differentia inter quadraturn bus difiantix Lun3e a,<br />
Qadratura &I fkmiffem quadrati Radii ad femiflem quadraci Raglii,<br />
conjun&tim. Unde ii Nodi in Quadraturis verfentur, & cagiantur<br />
loca duo zqualiter ab O&ante hint inde ditiantia, & aiia<br />
duo a Syzygia’ & Qadratura iifdem intervallis diktntia, deqw<br />
decrementis motuum in locis duobus inter Syzygiam & O&:antern,<br />
. Ikbducantur incrementa motuum in locis reliquis duobus, qw<br />
funt inter O&antem & Qadraruram ; decrementurn reliquum<br />
aequale erit decrement0 in Syzygia: uti rationem ineunti facik<br />
co1IRabit. Proindeque decrementum mediocre, quad de Nodorum<br />
motu mediocri fubduci debet, efi pars quarta decrementi in<br />
Syzygia. Motus’totus horarius Nodorum in Syzygiis (ubi Luna<br />
radio ad Terram du&o aream tempori proportionalem defcribere<br />
filpponebatur) ecat 32”. 42”‘. live Et decrementum mows Nodorum,<br />
quo tempore Luna jam velocior defcribit idem fpatrum,<br />
diximus effe ad ‘hunt motum ut IOO ad 11073 5 adeoque decrc-<br />
Pnentum illud efi 17”‘. 43iv, I ly, cujus pars quarta 4”‘. 2riv. 48”3<br />
motui horario mediocri iuperius inventq x6/‘. 21”‘. 3iy. 30”. Clbd&a,<br />
r&quit x6”. 16”‘, ~7~~. 4zv. motum mediocrem horariwm<br />
corre&um.<br />
Si Nodi verfintur extra Quadraturas, 8z Cpetientur loca bina a<br />
Syzygiis hint inde zqualiter difiantia; fimma motuum Nodorum,<br />
ubi Luna verfatur in his locis, erit ad hnmam motuum,<br />
ubi Luna in iifdem locis & Nodi in C&adraturis verfintur, ut<br />
AZgti. ad* ATqw: Et .decrementa* motuum, a .catifk jam expofitis<br />
oriu.nda, krunt ad inyicem, ut ipG mows, adeoque mows-r&-<br />
qui erunt ad invicem ut AZ+ ad ATqw.. SI: motus nlediocres<br />
u t mdttis. reliqui. Eit; itaque motus medlocrls hararius corre&us9<br />
$ d&o ‘qfidcunque Nodorum fitu,. ad 16”. 1,6”‘, 3,~“. 4~“~ ut,A,Zq~r;<br />
ad AT’g& j idefi, ut ‘quadraturn finus. diBantiae,Nodorum a Sy-<br />
s~ygiis ads qua$dtqn% Radii.<br />
~~~~iv<br />
P R or
kvsszire<br />
motum nzedium Nodorum<br />
Mom medius awnuus elt filmma motuum omniw-n hcsrariorum<br />
mediocrium in anno. Concipe Nodum verhri in AT9 & BinguIis<br />
horis completis retrahi in locum Gum priorem, WC non obfiante<br />
mote ho proprio, datum femper fervet ficum ad Stellas Fixas.<br />
Interea vero Solem & per mown Terra, progredi a Nodo, 6.~<br />
curfiim annuum appareneem uniformiter complere. Sit auccm<br />
An arcus datus quam minimus, quem re&a 275’ ad SoIem fkmper<br />
duea, interk&ione fui & circuli NAR data tempore quam mi-<br />
Gmo defcribit : 8~ motus horarius mediocris ( per jam ofienfi 1<br />
erit ut AZq, id efi (ob proportionnIes AZ ZT) UE retiangulum<br />
fib AZ & .ZT$ hoc e&, ut area AZTa. Et fumma omnium<br />
horariorum motuum mediocrium ab initio, ut fumma om..<br />
.gium arearum dTZ.4, id efi, ut area NAZ. Efi au.tem maxima<br />
‘dZ% zqualis r$kanguIo fub arcu Ad & radio circuli 3 62 propaerea<br />
fumma omnmm re&angulorum in circulo toto ad Summam<br />
totidem maximorum, ut area circuli totius ad rekmgulum fib<br />
circumferentia tota 8~ radio; id efi, ut H ad ;G. tus autem hoyarius,<br />
re&amgulo maxima refpondens, erat p: 6”. rl, 37”. 4av, Et<br />
hit motnsl arm toto Mereo dierum LJQ~, bar. 6. nzi;la. 9,. fit<br />
pg” 3 8’, a”0 joy’. deoquc hujus dimidium ~g@#.+$~ I’* ff’l’, efi motuf3
RINCIPTA MA E-~EJ&$-‘P”Ic/~, 4 1 3<br />
WIS medius Nodorum circulo ro reibondcns, Et morus Lvuijr,-<br />
rllma qLS0 tempore SOI pcrgit ab AT ad A, cii ad 19sr. +J+ s,~a ff’ /.<br />
ut area 2$+&Z ad circulum torum.<br />
kb2C iGt k habe~lta eX ~q’pOk’fi qyod Nodus horis ~i~~plt\iq ifa<br />
iocum~griorem rerrabitur, lk ut SoI anno tot0 comg]eto id sodim<br />
eundem redeat a quo Cub initio djgrc&s fL1.z1.3c, Vcruru per.<br />
lzlotum Nodi fit ut.Sol citius ad Nodum f’eVcrEGTI!r, Lk coi7,putanda<br />
jam efi abbreviatio, temporis. CtJ111. SO1 LlW110 [f.jre, c()ilfici;lr,<br />
360.gradus, & Nodus motu maxima eodem rcmporc ~~,!~~~~cret<br />
3.9 gr- 3 8’. 7”. p”‘, fku 39,6j 5 I gradUS j tk !IIOtllY mc;liocris Nodi<br />
ill IOCO quovis N fit ad ipfiuS motum mediocrem ill @L]adratur&<br />
ii& ut AZq ad A Tq : eric mows Solis ad mocum N7~s~~ ~7 ntj AX+,<br />
Unde ii circuli totius circumferwria i?Ldz divi&tur in p;lrtictl-<br />
1.2~s zquaIes Aa, rempus quo Sol percurrae parthAm A:r, ii circulus<br />
quiefceret , erit ad tempus quo percurric e:lndcm p;1rticulam,<br />
ii circulus una cum N,odis circa centrum I’ revol~atup,<br />
reciproce IX pjo827~4dAiP”q ad p,o~~7646A’Tq-+-AZ~. Narn<br />
tempus c& reciproce ut velocitas qua particuh pcrcurfitur, 8~<br />
hxc velocitas.efi filmma veiocicatum Solis 8-z Nodi. Igituc ii rempus,<br />
quo Sol abfque motu Nodi percurreret arcum A?A, cxponatur<br />
per Se&orem lVT,A, 8s particula temporis quo percurrercc.<br />
arcum quam minimum Act 3 exponarur per Secttoris p3rticuIsm<br />
era ja & (perpendiculo a T in. Ah demiffo) 9 in AZ cn~iarut<br />
&z, ejus longitudinis ut fit re&angulum dZ rn ZT ad SC&oris<br />
particulam ATLJ UC AZ q ad y,08~7WATq -I- AZq, id efi, LE<br />
fir dz ad t/Z ut ATg ad 9,0827G+6ATq++Zq; refiangu-<br />
]um dz in 2 J” defignabit decrementum ternporls ex motu-Nodi<br />
OriurldUm, tempore toto quo arcus Aa percurritur, EC ir yun-<br />
LIMII d tangit- Curvam NdGn3 area curvilinea hTdZ crit dccrcfllentunl<br />
tBtUm, quo tempore awus totUS .N A percurritur 5 k<br />
Ejropterea excegis Sekkoris NA T fiipra aream NfZ erlt tfJuYus.<br />
illud roturn. Et quo&m motus Nodl ternpore m,more*rflinor efi<br />
ill ratione temporig debebit etiam area AuTZ dmh~l HI eadem<br />
ratione. Id quad fiet-fi capiatur in AZ longitude e 2, qu:T I’nt<br />
ad long+-Jinem A,Zf it AZq -ad 9~os37~46$TqC~zC!* Sic<br />
enim reaangulum e,~ ia z 2” erle ad aream R .ATcc ut decremennum<br />
temperis quo arcus A! percurrlcw ad tempus t*tum q<br />
percurreretw fi Nodus quietberet : Et progcerea re@angulum ill<br />
zef!ond&it &cremcnto MOWS No&- ht fi pull&Llm c fangazl<br />
Curvam<br />
*
4 Ii!-& PI-4 P L N--L% NA33em.A~<br />
,313~ MUN~I Curvsm .NeFrz, area tota %\leZ, qua hmma eit omnium decree<br />
sycrE31nFr: mentorum, rcrpondebit decrement0 toti, quo tempore arcus AI+!”<br />
percurritur ; & area reliqua JIAe refpondebit motui r&quo, qui<br />
verus efi Nodi motus quo rtempore arcus totus IV-A, per Solis &<br />
Nodi conjuntios moms9 percurritur. yam vero area kmicirculi<br />
efi ad aream Figuraz Ne Fn IG per methodum Serierum infinitarum<br />
quafitam, UC 793 ad 60 quamproxime. Motus autem qui<br />
,refpondetCirculo tori erat 19g’* 49’. 3”. 55”‘; & propterea motus,<br />
qui Figurz Ne Pn I” duplicataz refpondet , eit: I gr* zp’. 58”. 2”‘.<br />
Qui de motu priore fiibduhs relinquit I 8 P xg’. 5”. 53”‘. motum<br />
torum Nodi inter fui ipfius Conjun&iones cum Sole; &I hit motus<br />
de Solis motu annuo graduum 360 hbdu&us, relinquit 341 grq<br />
40’. 54”. 7”‘. motum Solis inter eafdem Conjunfkiones. Ifie autern<br />
motus efi ad motum annuum 3609’. ut Nodi motus jam inventus<br />
I 8 gr* 13’. 5”. 53”‘. ad ipfius motum annuum, qui propterea<br />
erit Iper* IV. I”. 2 3”‘. Hit efi motus- medius Nodorum in anno<br />
Sidereo. Idem per Tabulas Afironomicas eft xp@ z I’. 21”. 50”‘~<br />
Differcntia minor eiE parte trecenteiima metus totius, & ab Orhis<br />
Lunaris Eccentricitate & Inclinacione ad planum Ecliptics<br />
oriri videtur. Per Eccentricitatem Orbis motws Nodorum ni.mis<br />
acceleratur, & per ejus Inclinationem vicifflm retardat’ur aliquan-<br />
.tulums & ad j&am velocitatem reducitur.<br />
.Fra,OP0SITIO XXXIII. I’l’K.lBLEMA XJV.<br />
Ijzveniye rnatum rwerum Nodorum<br />
In ternpore quod eit ut area .AZT&-.?fNdZ, (2~ .Eg.+pr~mA)<br />
;motus ifie efi ut area N&IV, & inde;d;itur. Yerum ob, nimiam,<br />
calculi difficulcatem, prazfiat Gquentem ProbIemaGs confiru&ior<br />
nem adhiberc. Gem-0 C, illtervallo qudvis CD, dakribatur<br />
circuluS B E FZI. Producatur DC ad A, UC fit A,B ad AC<br />
UC motus medius ad kmiffem motus veri mediocris, ubi Nodi<br />
fint in Quadraturk (id efi:, ut 19 P* 18’. I”. 23”‘. ad lpgr* 49’,.<br />
3”. 55”‘, atqw adco B C, ad AC ut. motuum differentia ogr. 3 I’..<br />
2”. 3 #I, ad motum pofieriorem I‘p’g’* 49. 3”. 55”‘) hoc efi, ut<br />
I! ad3 38?> dein per pun&m fz> ducatur infinita Ggi quz tangat<br />
circulum itI ‘D ; & ii capiatur a~?gulas BC E vel B,CfT xqualis<br />
&pla dihntk So.@ a loco HodI, per ,*motum medium inyento 3<br />
&
]PRRWN?IA MATHEMATIcA. klr<br />
zsc agatur AE vel AF fecans perpendiculum I) G in G; k ~a- L,I’L?P9<br />
piatur angulus qui fit fd motum totum Nodi inter ipfi\\sSvzy- *~‘i 2.~: i<br />
gias (id efi, ad 9 gr* I I . 3”,) ur rang ens ‘D G ad circuli B ‘E; SD<br />
circnmferentiam eotam ; atque anguhs il3ic (pro quo angtilrrs’;DAG<br />
ufilrpari pot&) ad motum medium Nodorurn addntur ubi No&,<br />
t<br />
wanfeunt a @@raturis ad Syzygias, & ab eodem rnotu me&o<br />
tibducatur ubi tranfeunt a Syzygiis ad Qyadraturas 4 habcbitur<br />
” .<br />
eorum motus verus. Nam motus verus ilc lnvcntus congruca:<br />
quam proxime cuti motu vero qui prodit exponendo tenlpus per<br />
aream NTA---NdZ & motum Nodi per aream NAenJ; ut<br />
rem perpendenti & computationes infiituenti confiabit. Hac e&<br />
aquatio annua motus Nodorum. Efi ‘2% azquatio menftrua, fed<br />
quz ad inwntionem Latitudinis Lunx minime neceffaria 4. Nam<br />
cum Variatio lnclinationis Orbis Lunaris ad planum Ecliptic= du=+<br />
plici inxqualitati obnoxia fit, alteri annu;rz, alteri autem menarug;<br />
hujti”s menfirua inzqualiras & squatlo menfirua Nodorum<br />
ita fe mutuo contemperant & corrigunr, ut ambaz in determinanda<br />
Latitudine Lunar neghgi pofint.<br />
CaroX Ex hat Sr: prazcedente Propofitione liquet quad Nodi in<br />
Syzy#3 fuis quiefiunt, in QuPadraturis autem regrediuntur matu<br />
h&rat-i0 r6”. rg”‘, 26’y. Et- quod aequatio motus Nodorum in<br />
Q&antibus fit I grk ~9’~ Q3z omnia cuzn Shzenomenis cceleltibus<br />
probe quadrant.
8t: a Syzygias; R& g Qadraturas; N bk FI<br />
um in Orbe fuo; p veRigiutn loci illius in p<br />
Ecliptics 9 6.~ mapI motum momentaneum Nodorum ut Cwpra.<br />
Et fi ad lineam T RZ demittatur perpendiculum T G, jungatur p GT,<br />
& producarur ea d ec occurrat T n g, & jungatur etiam Tg :<br />
crit angulus T Gp clinatio -orbis naris ad planum Ecli,pticq<br />
tibi Lun~verfatur in.T; ‘8~ angulus Tgp Inclinatio ejufdem ]pofi<br />
,momentum temporis completum; adeoque angulus G T Variatio<br />
.momentanea Inclinationis. Efi autem hit ang$us G 5! g ad angulum<br />
G Tg, UC TG ad T G & T/J ad T G conJun&im. Et propterea<br />
fi pro moment0 temporis fubfiituatur hors; cum angulus<br />
G 2-g &per Rro.poiic, xxx, ) ct ad angulum 33”. _r$ ,33”. ut
MATMEMATICA.<br />
PRINCIPI<br />
4.17<br />
IT% T G x A % ad A’ ?kb 3 wit anguhls G?Pg (ku Inclinationis<br />
horaria Variatio) ad angu~um 3,“. Lo”‘. 33iv, ut JT~AZ~ TG! ~“;,ie:T,~.<br />
x ;$ ad A T-c&. A&E I.<br />
E&-a ita k haha ex Hypothcfi quad Luna in Orbe Circulari<br />
uniformiter gyratur. cod fi Orbis ille Ellipticus fit, motws me-,<br />
diocris Nodorum mhuetur in ratione axis mmoris ad axem tnajo..<br />
rtm j uti fiipra expoficum efi. Et in eadem ratione minuctur<br />
etiam ~nclinationis Variario.<br />
CMU~. I. si ad NY erigatur pcrpendiculurn TF, iitque PM<br />
mocus horarius Lunz 1-n ylano ~clipticx ; & ;perpendicula PI
418 PI~IeosorwrA NATURALIS<br />
‘l)~. MUN DI efi (cum pp fit ad T G ut iinus khnationis pxzdi&k ad ra-<br />
SYSTENATE<br />
dium, & AZxT2<br />
:&42-<br />
fit ad 4 AT ut Gnus duplicari anguli AT@<br />
ad radium quadruplicatum) ut Enclinationis ejufdem finus dutiu~<br />
in finurn duplicate dittantke Nodorum a Sole, ad quadrupium<br />
quadratum radii.<br />
Curol. 4, Qoniam Inclinationis horaria Variario, ubi Nsdi in<br />
Qadraturis verOn tur , efi ( per hanc Propofitionem ) ad angu-<br />
Tp<br />
fum 33”. 10”‘. 33’:’ ut ITxAZXTGX~~~ ad ATcab. id cfi)<br />
Ut rTCl-GXTp<br />
m ad 2 AT; hoc efi, ut finus duplicate di-<br />
*-AT<br />
2<br />
fiantiz Lunz 3 Qadraturis d&us in 6Px<br />
fpP<br />
ad radium duplica-<br />
tUm : fUmMa Onlnillm VariarionLlm hOrariarUn~, Cj,UO fefflpore<br />
Luna in hoc firu Nodorum tranfit ?t Qadratura ad Syzygiam,<br />
(id efi, fppatio horarum 177:~) wit ad fiummam rotidem angulorunl<br />
33’! IO”‘. 33i”, ku 987b”, ut iilmma omnium finuum duplicats<br />
difiantia Lunz. j Qgadraturis du&a in<br />
TP ad iummam to-<br />
3%<br />
cidem diamctrorum j hoc elt, ut diameter d&a in FG<br />
w<br />
ad cir-<br />
cumferentiam j id elt, ii Inclinatio Gt 5gr* r’, ut 7 X& ad 2~~<br />
i‘cu 278 ad 10000. Proindeque Variatio tota, ex fumma omopium<br />
horariarum Variationum tempore prazdi&o conflata ) em<br />
m63”, ku 3’. 43”.<br />
PROPOSITIO XXX-V. PROBLEMA X-W.<br />
Sit AZ) finus Znclinationis maxima, & BB finus %nclinatio.-<br />
nis minim%. Bifecetur BZ) in C, & centro C, intervalIa BC,<br />
deicribatur Circulus BGD. In AC capiatur CE in ea ratioge<br />
ad E B quam E B habet ad 2 @A: Et ii dato temyore canfiiwatur<br />
angulus A’ E G zqualis’ duplicate difiantk Modorgm A<br />
a-
emx.INCIPIA MATHEMATIC,A. 4x9<br />
adraturis 9 & ad AZI demittatur perpendiculum G H: erit g ‘R‘ I,rn ? FC’ .,<br />
orfl N iinus lncIinationis quaAita2.<br />
Nam GEg azquale eft GHq+NEg=BH~+r-IEqr--<br />
XlTD2)-;N~q--Rq==~‘i)t~Eq--2~Hx6’E-<br />
BEq -)-zECxBH==;rECxAB+ 2ECxBH=~ECxA.M<br />
Pdeoque cum 2 EC detur, efi GE 4 ut AH. DeGgnet jam A’Eg<br />
duplicatam diftantiam Nodorum 2 Qadraturis pelt datum allquad<br />
momentum temporis complecum, 6s arcus Gg, ob datzlm<br />
A<br />
k-------<br />
angulum G Eg, crit ut difiantia GE. Efi autem Hh ad Gg<br />
w G H ad GC, 6~ propterzHHb efi ut contentum GHx Gg,<br />
GH<br />
i&u G Hx G E, id ei), ut rE%GEq fell rE~AH, id cfi,<br />
ut AH & finds anguli AE G conjunO%~. Tgitur fi AN in<br />
cafu aliquo fit finus Inclinationis 9 augebitur ea iifdem incrementis<br />
cum Gnu lnclinationis, per Corol. 3, Propofitionis fuperioris,<br />
& propterea finui illi zqualis femper manebir. Sed AH ubi<br />
pun&urn G incidit in pun6tum alterutrum B vel D huic finui<br />
aequalis elt, & propterea eidem fkmper azqualis maner. &E.ZI.<br />
In hat demonftratione fuppofui angulum BEG, qui eft duplicata<br />
difiantia Nodorum h Qadraturis, uniformiter augeri.<br />
Nam omnes inaqualiratmm minurias expendere non vacat. L’oncipe<br />
jam angufum BEG retium efi, & in hoc cafii Gg eire<br />
augmenturn horarium dupla: difiantisl: Nodorum & Solis ab invie<br />
02117 ; & Inclinatignis Variatio lwraria; in ederr, sati (per Coral.<br />
3. Prop. noviffh~:) erit ad 33’. Ed”, 33”. ut wnrentum filb Inclinationis<br />
finu AN Sr finu aaguli re&i BE G, qui eit duplicata<br />
&&antia Nodorum a Sole, ad quadruplum quadratum radii;<br />
id ert, ut mediocris Inclinationis finus AN ad radium quadrupliatum<br />
j hoc efi (cum Xnclinatio illa .mediocris fit quail 5 gr* 8’:)<br />
ut +s finus ‘896 ad radrum quadrupkatum +oooo, five ut 224<br />
ad 10003. ER autem Variatio tota, finuum differentk BZ,<br />
refpondens, ad Variationem illam horariam ut diameter Bfz) ad<br />
Whh 2 arcum
420 PHILOSOP~-~I~ NATURALIs<br />
DE M~NDI<br />
arcum Gg ; id efi, ut diameter B 23 ad femicircumferenriam<br />
SysTEh’ATe BG~) st tempus horarum zo7pIz0, quo Nodus pergit i l&a&aturis<br />
ad Syzysias, ad horam unam corljun&im; hoc efi, ut 7 ad<br />
11 & 2073,‘~ ad 1. C&are fi rationes omnes conjungantur, fret<br />
Vari;tio rota BD ad 33”. IO"', 3~~” ut 224X 7X 2073;'~ ad<br />
.X IOOOO~ id efi, UC .zp6+5 ad 1000, Sr inde Variatio illa Bf,D<br />
prodibit 16’. 3: 3”:.<br />
Hat efi lnclinationis Variatio maxima qwatenus locus Luna in<br />
Qrbe ho non confideraw. &Tarn Inclinatio, G Nodi. in Syzygiis<br />
verfinrur, nil mutatur ex vario fitu Lunz At ii Nodi in C&adraturis<br />
confifiunts Inclinatio minor efi ubi Lunna verGtur in Syzygiis,<br />
quam ubi ea verfatur in C&adraturis, exceffi 2’. 43”; uti<br />
in Propofitionis fuperioris Corollario quart0 indicavimus. it<br />
hujus exceffus dimidio 1’. 2 1”;. Variacio tota medlocris B 9 in 1<br />
Qlladraturis Lunaribus diminuta fit 15'~ z", in ipfius autem Syzygiis<br />
au&a fit 17’. 45”. Si Luna igitur in Syzygiis confiituatur,<br />
Qariatio tota, in tranfiru Nodorum A Quadraturis ad Syzygias,<br />
,erit 17’, 45”: adeoque fi lnclinatio , ubi Nodi in Syzygiis verfanfur,<br />
fit $er* 17’. 20’; eadem, ubi Nodi funt in aadraturis, &<br />
Luna in Syzygiis, erit 4gr* 59’. 3$‘# Atque kc ita k habere<br />
confirmatur ex Qbkrvationibus.<br />
Si jam defi+retur Orbis lnclinatio illa, ubi Luna in Syzygiis<br />
& Nod1 ubrvls vcrfantur ; fiat Ai ad AZ) ut finus graduum<br />
59’. 35” ad finum graduum 5. 17’. 20”~ & capiatur angulus A.E<br />
zqualis duplicataz difiantiz Nodorwm A Q_uadraturis; & erit A fl<br />
Gnus Inclinationis quazfitz Huic Orbis Inclinationi zqaalis efe<br />
ejuC&m Inclinatio, ubi Luna difiat po gr- ,i Nodis. In &is Lunz<br />
locis inkqualitas menfirua, quam lnclinationis variatio admittit,<br />
in calculo Latitudinis Luna: comyenhtur & quodammodo tollitur<br />
per inaqualitatem men&warn .motusNodorum, (ut di7lprr-e diximus)<br />
adeoque in calculo Latitudinis illius negligi gotefi.
Hike motwlm Lunarium computation&us Oflen&re vala,;<br />
gUo$ ITlOtUS Lunares, per Theoriam Gravitatis, a cnui;s li,js c.,Ii.”<br />
putari pofht. Per eandm 2’heoriam ~IIVCXC p-,?-,terea q1114Lj i.pquatio<br />
Annua medii motw Lun3e oriatur a Varl;l ~]llatac,orje (;)rbii<br />
Lunar per vim Solis, juxra CoroI, 6. P~-op, Lx171, Lib, 1, ~1,~~<br />
+iS in Perigzo Solis major cfi, & @rbem Lunrl: dllarat; i!l ~~~~~<br />
gX0 ejus minor Cl?, & Orbem illum corltrahi pcrfuictit. in ();.bC<br />
dllatato Luna tardius revolvitur, in contra&o citius; k ,+qu;ltio<br />
Annua per quam hzc inazquahtas compenfatur , ia ~~~~~~ ‘Q<br />
Perigzo Solis nulla efi, in mediocri Soils a Terra diltantia ac1[<br />
I I’. 50” circiter akendit , in aliis locis AZquationi cctltri SolIs<br />
proportionalis eit, & additur medio motui Lunze ubi. Terra pergit<br />
ab Aphelia fi~o ad Perihelium, & in oppofita Orbis partc iilbducitur.<br />
Aflkmendo radium Orbis magni 1000 tk Ecccncpicitatern<br />
Terra 16;, hxc 2Equatio ubi maxima eIt, per Thcoriam Gravitatis<br />
pr.o,diit II! 49”. Sed Eccentricitas Terra2 pad0 major tile<br />
videtur, & au&a Eccentricitate hzec Bquatio augeri de&c in e:~dem<br />
ratione, Sit Eccentricitas 16$$ ) 8c &quatio maxima erlt<br />
I I’. 52/c<br />
lnveni e&m quad in Perihelia Terra, propter majorem vim<br />
Sol&, Apogxum &Nodi Lunzc velocius nyventur quam in Aphelie<br />
ejus, idque in triplicata ratione difiantla: Terra a Sole inverk<br />
Et inde oriuntur mquationes A~IIUCEZ horum motuum Equationi<br />
centri Solis proportionales. R/lotus autem Solis efi in duplicata<br />
ratione difiantig Terraz a Sole inverk, & mlfxim? centri.1Equatir<br />
quam hat inaqualitas generat, eit: I grw 56. 26 qrzdl&F Soils<br />
Eccentricitati 16% congruens. Qod fi motus Sobs eifec rn trlplicata<br />
rat&me difiantiz iye;& hzc inaequalitas generaret &quarionem<br />
rnaximam ZY 56’ 9 Et proprer.ea Bquationes maxi-<br />
•<br />
m= quas inxquaEtates motuum Apogzi & Nodorum Lund generant,<br />
funt ad z gr’ 56’. 9!,<br />
nt motus medius diurnus Apogsi &<br />
motus me&us diurnus Nodorum Lunz. funt ad motum .-medium<br />
diurnum Solis.<br />
wnde pro&t JEquac~o maxlma medll motus<br />
.&ogaei 19’. 52”: & J$uacio maxima medri motus Nodorum<br />
9’. 27”.<br />
Additur vero &quatio prior 8f fubducitur POiferiUra Ubi<br />
yyerra pergit a P&h&o fuo ad Aphellum : 8~ contrarlum fit. ln<br />
~gp~fita -Orbis parteb<br />
Per
4. L z ~q-t-I~Lgl)sBBHI~ NATURALIS<br />
I, II 51 II !’n1 Pet *Theoriam Gravitatis conltitit etiam quad aQio Solis in<br />
(3 ~;~rE~I~T* Lunanl paulo major iit ubi tranfverfa diameter Brbis Lunaris<br />
t.t.allfir per Solem, quarn ubi endem ad re&os efi angulos. cum<br />
linea ‘Terram & Solem jungencc: & propterea Orbis ~vqs<br />
paulo mnjur efi in priore c;lfii qu3m in pofieriore. Et hlllc ori:<br />
cur alia .2q\latio mows medii Lunaris, pendens a fitu Apogal<br />
Lund ad Solem, qw quidem maxima e(t cum Apog~um Lund<br />
verfacur 111 Oftante cum Sole; &C nulla cum illud ad Qpdraturas<br />
vcl Syzygias pervenit : & motui media additur in tranfitu Apagazi<br />
Luna a Solis Qtladratura ad Syzygiam, & fubducitur in tranfiru<br />
Apogxi a Syzygia ad Q_uadraturam. HZ &quat@ qwam<br />
Semeltrem vocabo, in O&antibus Apogxi quando maxima efi,<br />
alendit ad 3’. 45” circiter, quantum ex Phanomenia colhgerc<br />
potui. Hsc elt ejus quantiras in mediocri Solis difiantia a Terra.<br />
Augerur vero ZIG diminuitur in triplicata ratione difiantia: Solis<br />
Inverfe, adeoqne in maxima Solis diitantia efi 3’. 3+“, & in minima<br />
3’. 56” quamproxime: ubi vero Apogzum L,una fiturn eit<br />
extra
RPNC‘l[PIA MATHEMATIcA.<br />
425<br />
7, 8 & ga Prop. LXVX. Lb. 1. Et 1132 inqualitatcs per cad& Ltarat<br />
Corollaria perrnagoz fun t, & LEquationem principafefll Apog:~i T i c T !q:‘:<br />
geveranrS quam Semefirem vocabo, EC 14Equatio maxima semefirIS<br />
eR 12 gr* 18’ circiter, quantum ex CIblErvationibus colligere<br />
&?otni., H~roxz’r~ nofier Lunam in Ellipfi circwm Terram, in ejus<br />
~zrnbilkx.3 inferiore confiituram, revolvi primus fiaruir. Hdfkss<br />
ccntrum Ellipfios in Epicydo locavit, cujus centrum unifornlicer<br />
revolvitur ciseum Terram. Et ex mote in EpicycIo oriuntur inazqualitates<br />
jam di&tar: in pcogreffu & regrcff‘u Apogxi & qua-iagate<br />
Eccentricitatis. Dividi intelligatur diitantia mediocris Euntr:<br />
a Terra in partes xooooo, & referat 2 Terram & TC Eccencric&tern<br />
mediocrem I;unz partium 55o5. Producatur TC ad B,<br />
ut fit CB fitius ~&quationis maxim8 Semeltris i 2 61. 18’ ad r:\-<br />
di.um TC, & circulus B DA centro C intervallo CB dekriptus,<br />
erit Epicgclus. ille in quo centrum Orbis Lunaris locatur & k-<br />
cudurn. ordinem Xiwarum B DA revolvitur, Capiatur angulus<br />
$3 GD zqualis duplo, argumento annuor fku dupln dikmtk veri<br />
loci $Gi ab Apogazo Lunx: Femel zquato, St erit CT23 Aquaria
DE. 31~~~1 liciti annui prxdi&i Cupra difiantiam Apogzi Luau a ]Perig~~<br />
“” ’“‘.“I” Solis in conf’cqucntin; vel quad perinde ett, capiacur angulus<br />
CD F xqualis complemento Anomaliz verg Solis ad gradus 360~<br />
Et iit 211; ad ZI C UC dupla Eccentricitas Orbis magni ad dirtan-<br />
;-riarn mediocrem Solis a Terra, & mows medius diurnus Solis ab<br />
~pog~o Lund ad motum medium diurnum Solis ab,, Apo$;;<br />
.proprio conjunQim, id efi, ut 33; ad IOQO St yz’, 27 . 1.6<br />
59’. 8”. 10’~ conjunLXm, five ut 3 ad 100, Et concipe cenrrum<br />
.Qrbis LUIIX locari in pun&o F, & in Epicycle cujus cenrrum elt<br />
I) ~31 radius ‘%> E interea revolvi dum pun&urn D progredirur<br />
in circumferentia circuli 2) AB 2). Hat enim ratione velocieas<br />
.qua centrum Orbis Luna in linea quadam curva circum centrum<br />
C defcripta movebitur, erit reciproce ut cubus difiantiaz Solis a<br />
Terra quamproxime, ut oportec.<br />
Gompuratio mows hujus difficilis efi, kd facilior reddetur per<br />
approximationem fequenrem. Si difiantia rnediocris Lun;e a Terra<br />
iit partiurn ~ocooo, & Eccentricitas TC fit par&m 5509 ut fu-<br />
-pra: retta CB vel CZ, invenietur partium r172& & re&a 92-F<br />
B<br />
‘partium ‘3 5;. Et hzec~re&a ad difiantiam TC fiibtcndit ~ngul~~rn<br />
.ad Terram quem tranflatio centri Orbis a loco B ad locum %’ ge-<br />
-nerat in moru centri hujus: 6r eadem re&a duplicata in fitu parallelo<br />
ad difiantiam kperioris umbilici Orbis Luna a Terra 3 fubtendit<br />
eundem angulum, quem utique tranflatio illa gcnerat in motu<br />
.umbitici, & ad difiantiam Lung a Terra fubtendit angulum quem<br />
teadem tranflatio generat in motu Lunar, quiquelpropterea &quatio<br />
centri Secunda dici potek Et hzc Bquatio in mediocri Lutz<br />
difiantia a Terra; efi ut Gnus anguli quem re&a illa 2) F cum re&a<br />
a pun&o I; ad Lunam du&a continet quamproxime, Sr ubi maxima<br />
elE evadit z’:z5”. Angulus autem quem re&a ZlF & re&a<br />
a..pun&o P ad Lunam duQa compreh,endunt, invenitur vkl fibducendo<br />
angulum ED F ab‘ Anomalia media Lunar, vel addend0<br />
+diitantiam Lunz a Sole ad difiantiam Apogzi Lw~a ala AP;x~;
L_<br />
ma hujus quarei proportionalis & anguli cujufdam alterius @-ad<br />
Variationeln Secundam, CLlbducendam fi Lunx lwnen augetur, addendam<br />
ii diminuitur. Sic habebicur locus verw Lunx in Orbe,<br />
& per Rcdutiionem loci hujus ad Eclipticam habebitur Longifudo<br />
Lun= Anguli vero P & Qcx Obkrvationibus deccrminandi<br />
Clint, Et interea G pro angulo P ufirpentur 2’, & pro<br />
angulo Q x ‘, non multum errabitur.<br />
~LIlll Atmofphrera Terra: ad ufque altitudinem milliarium 37<br />
vcl 40 refringat lucem SOliS & refringendo Cpargat eandem in<br />
Umbram Terrs9 & lpargendo lucem in confinio Umbra dilatat<br />
U&ram :<br />
ad &metrum Umbrae quz per ,Parallaxim prodit,<br />
addo lninutum unum primurn in Eclipfibus hflat, Vd millUtUIII<br />
mm cum triente.<br />
Theoria vero Lunli: prima in Syzygiisj deinde in Qac+~uris,<br />
& ult,imo in OQantibus per Phanotiena exapman .& flablhrr debet,<br />
Et opus hocce aggreKurus motus m;edlos Soils St Lunz ad<br />
rempus meridianurn in Obkrvatorio Reglo Grfnayzcenfi, die ulq$no<br />
me&s 5%cernbris anni 1700. it. vet. ~OII lncomyodq, fequenfes<br />
ad hibebit : nempe motum medium Soils. W. 2~” 43 • 40 J &<br />
Apogzi ejus b 7gr*:$411*,j$~’ ‘8~:&qctim. .medrum Luna z I 56’.<br />
_ ,‘, 00”~ & ,Ap~gil’ eJUS” 3-C ” 8 gr* 20 .( OF “, :‘ 8t‘ Nodi afcendentis<br />
2C<br />
CT’ 24,: 20’ j 82: cM?erentiam :mendlanoium Obfervatorii IIU-<br />
Q =7<br />
j.u, & Obfer=&Xii Regii Tarz@%fif ~~~~~ prnin* jOGc’.<br />
r* I(: -,i ,A’
$26 PHILQSOPHIA<br />
NATURALIS<br />
DE MtJNDI<br />
3 ‘ii T L :,I AT E<br />
PROPOSITIQ<br />
XXXVI.<br />
PROBLEMA<br />
XVII.<br />
Mtwe wozlendum.<br />
Solis vis 31L ku TIT, in @uadraturis Lunaribus, ad perturbandos<br />
mows Lunares, erat (per Prop. XXV. lwjus) ad vim<br />
gravitatis spud nosl ut 1 ad 638ogz,6. Et vis Z-&?-L 21/1 f’eu<br />
2 ‘P K in Syzygiis Lunaribus, eit duplo major. Wx autem vires,<br />
5 dekendatur ad hperficicm Terra, diminuuntur in ratione dihnciarum<br />
a centro Terry, id efi, in ratione 60: ad I j adeoqtlc<br />
vis prior in fkperficie Terra, efi ad vim gravitatis, u 1 ad<br />
386o+Goo. Hat vi Mare deprimitur in lock qua: go gradlbus difianr<br />
s<br />
a Sole, Vi alcera qu;l: dupIo major efi, Mare elevatur & fub Sole<br />
& in regione Soli oppofita. Summa virium efi ad vim gravitatis<br />
ut I ad 12868200. Et quoniam vis eadem eundem tier motum,<br />
five ea deprimat Aquam tin ,regionibus quit: 90 gradibus difiant B<br />
Sole, five elevet eandem in regionibus fhb Sole & Soli oppoiitis,<br />
hzc fumma erit tota Soiis vis ad Mare agitandum; & eundem<br />
habebit efFeEtum ac fi rota in regionibus hub Sole & Soli oppofitis<br />
&lare elevaret, in regionibus auteikl guz 99, grad&us difiant<br />
a Sole nil ageret.<br />
Hat efi vis Solis ad Mare ciendum in loco iq,ovis da;to,. &,:&al<br />
tam in vertice loci verlatur quam in mcdipcri fua ‘difta&iCa<br />
Terra. la $iis Solis pofitionibus vis ad Matie attol!&du& &<br />
UC finus verfus dupla: altitudinis Solis rupra horizontem loci &<br />
re&e & cubus difiantiti Solis a Terra inverfe.<br />
&rol. Cum vis centrifuga partium ‘T’errz 2 diurnoTerra motu<br />
Oriunda, quae efi ad vim gravitath ut z ad 289, eficiat ut altitudo<br />
P
lpdo ALE fub Bquatore fuperet ejus altitudinem Tub PoIis ieli-<br />
Lrtlrn<br />
fk-a pedum Parificnhm 8f820 j vis Solaris de qua egimus, cum TE”nT:tI.<br />
fit ad vim gravitatis ut I ad 12868200, grqtle adeo ad vim illam<br />
centrifugam ut z6p ad 12868200 ieu I ad 4452~~ efficier ut altitudo<br />
Aqua in regionibus &lb Sole & Soli oppofitis, fiipcret alritudinem<br />
ejus in locis quz po gradibus difiant a Sole, menfura<br />
tantum pedis unius ParifienGs & digitorum undecim cum o&avs<br />
parte digiti. Efi enim hat menfira ad menham pedurn gj810<br />
ut I ad 44527.<br />
A27<br />
PRoPOsIa:IO XXXVII. PROBLEMA XVIII.<br />
vis Lunz ad Mare movendum coliigenda cfi ex cjus proportione<br />
ad vim Solis, & haze proporrio colligenda cfi ex propor-<br />
Cone motuum Maris, qui ab his viribus oriuntur. Ante ofiium<br />
fiuvii AUOPZ~ ad lapidem tertium infra BrdJZo&znz, ternpore verllo<br />
8~ autumnali totus Aquas. afienfus in Conjunbne & Oppofitione<br />
Luminarium (obfervante &~mueZe 6’ttiunaio) & pedum ~1~s mi-<br />
IIUS 45, in Quadraturis autem eR pedum tantum 25. Al&do<br />
prior ex fumma virium, pofierior ex earundem differentia oritwr.<br />
Solis igitur & Luna in Bquatore verfantium &C mediocriter a<br />
Terra’ difiantium finto vires S & LJ & erit L +-S ad L-S UC<br />
4~ ad 2ps i’eu 3 ad 5*<br />
In portu T&+zutbi &itus maris (ex obfhvatione Samuelis Cokpr&)<br />
ad pedes plus minus fkxdectm altltudine mediocri attolli-<br />
,cur, ac tempore verno & autumnal1 altrtudo AEfius in Syzygiis fu-<br />
.perarc pot& al titudinem ejus in Quadraturis, pedibus plus feprem<br />
vel o&o. Si maxima harum altitudinum differentia fit pedum novem,<br />
erit L + S ad L-S ut 20; ad 1 I$ feey 4~ ad 23. QJXE<br />
proportio fatis congruit cum p.riorc. Ob magnrtudinem JW.H in<br />
por tu Bijfdiic, obfirvationisbus JYtirtPcii magls fidendum eire VI=<br />
detur, ideoque donec aliquid certius confiiterit, proportionem 9<br />
r UCurpabimus.<br />
-‘-dEterurn ob aquarum reciprocos motus, ~%fius ma$mi non in-<br />
&i&nt *in i fas Luminarium !Syzyglas, fed ,funt tertla a $3 zy@ig<br />
it di@kum P suit, lfeu ,proximc fequuntur tertlum Lu,na: po x .Sy~y~<br />
@as appulfum ‘ad meridi*anum loci, ye1 potius .(ut*,a. $‘WWJ~U no0<br />
;tatur] funt tertii p& diem novllunlr vel plcnrh~n~, &%I pofi boo<br />
- 1 Xii 3 barn
De MUNDI ram a Ilovi[unio vel plenilunio plus minus duodecimam, adeoquc<br />
SySTE’l”TF. jnc;dLlll~ ill horam a novilunio vcl pknilunio plus minus quadram<br />
gefimdm tertiam. Inci?unt vefo in hoc portu in horam feptimam<br />
circiter ab appulfi~ Lum ad. meridianurn loci; ideoque proximc<br />
f~quuntur appulhm LLIKC ad meridianwm, ubi Luna difiat a<br />
Sole vel ab oppofitione Solis gradibus plus minus o&odecim vel<br />
novelldccim in confequentia. f4Xitas & Wyems maxime vigent,<br />
non in ipfis Solfiitiis, fed ubi Sol difiat a Soliiitiis decima circiter<br />
partc totius circuitus, ku gradibus plus minus 36 vcl 37. Et<br />
fimi]itcr maximus ,%fius m,rris oritur ab appulh Euna ,ad meridiaaum<br />
locis ubi Luna difiat a Sole decima circiter parte motus<br />
totius ab AlWu ad &fium. Sit difiantia illa graduum plus minus<br />
T 8:. us: vis Solis in hat dill-antia Lilnz a Syzygiis & C&adratmris><br />
minor erit ad augendum & ad minuendum motum mai-is<br />
a vi Lung oriundum, quam in ipfis Syzggiis Sr Qadraturis, in<br />
ratiolIe radii ad hum complementi diitantlz hujus duplicate: ku<br />
wguli graduum 37, hoc eft, itI ratione. ~ooooooo ad ygfj6355.<br />
Ideoque in analogia fuperiore pro S fcribl d&et 0~79863 55 S.<br />
Sed & vis Lunar in C@adraturis, ob declinationem Lunx ab<br />
Aquatore, diminui debet. Nam Luna in Quadraturis, vel potius<br />
in gradu l8$ pofi aadraturas, in declinatione graduuih plus<br />
minus 22. 13’ verfatur. IEt Luminaris ab Bquatore declinantis<br />
vis ad Mare movendum diminuitur in duplicata ratione finws<br />
complemenri declinationis quamproxime. Et proprerea vis<br />
Lunx: in his C$adraturis efi tan&Urn 0~8570327 L. Efi igitul:<br />
L5;40,7986355s ad 0,857Q327L-O,7986355s ut p ad 5.<br />
Prxterea diamerri Orbis in CJ,LIO Luna abfque Eccentricitate mod<br />
xeri deberet , funt ad invicem ut 69 ad 70 3 ideoque difiantia<br />
Lunar ‘iTerra in Syaygiis efi ad,difitintiam ejws in Quadraturis,<br />
ut 69 ad 70, cxteris par&us. Et difhtiz ejus in gradu 1~8t a<br />
Syzygiis ubi Bitus maximus generatur, & in gradu 182 a (&adracuris<br />
ubi AMus minimus gencratur, fht ad mediocrem ejus<br />
dihntiam, UC 69,0&47 & Gg3y734s ad 69:. Vires autem ,,I&<br />
BE ad Mare movendum hnt in tri,plicata satione dicantiarum inverfi,<br />
ideoque vires in maxima & minima harum diitantiarum funa;<br />
advimin mediocri difiantia, ut Oj9830427 & 1p17F.22 ad,I. Wnde fit<br />
x,oq5~2L4-0,79~~3~55 S ad 0,983~4~7~0~~57~3~7~-0,798~35~~$<br />
w 4 ad f. Et S ad L ut I ad 4,48.r 5. ltaque cum vis Sol&, fit<br />
ad vim gravitatis ut: I ad 12868200, vis Luna: erit ad vim gravirabis<br />
ut x ad 2.8~~&Xh<br />
G9roL
PCdk unius 2% undccim digitorum cum oQava Parte djgitj, eadelll ‘~~RTIUS..<br />
vi LLIXC afiendet ad altitudinem o&o pedum & digitorum oao,<br />
c3Z vi UCCI~UC ad altitudinem Pedum decem cum remink, & ubi<br />
LWI~ efI in Perigao ad aititudinem Pedum duodecim cL1411 cemiG&,<br />
& llitf% ~r&X~im Llbi &ff US ventis fPirantibus adjuvarl1.r. TaIlta<br />
atJtCM V~S ad OMUCS Maris motus excitandos abu~~de [Llficit, p&,<br />
quancitari motuu~l~ probe reljpondet. Nam in maribus quz ab,<br />
Chicllrc in Ckcidcntcm late patent, uti in P&u-i ~.gc;fica, & blaris.<br />
.&ZUYtth+Zi & &?tha’upka’ partibus extra TroPicos, .aqua actol\i row<br />
let ad nltirudinem pedum fex 3 novem, duodecim vel quindecim.<br />
3n Mari ~LICCIII ‘Y’nc$‘~o, quad Profundius efi 8~ latius Patet, &fius.<br />
dicuntur etk majorcs quam in AtZ68ntico.& &thiopico, Erellinl<br />
LN phus tit <us, latitude Maris ab Oriente in Occideljtem non<br />
minor efk debec qu;im gr~duum,.nonaginta. In Mari c,.&zhiopico,<br />
afcenflls aqu;l: intra Tropicus Qlrllor efi quam in Zonis tempera-.<br />
tis, propter *angufiiam Maris inter /Ifricam & Aufiralem yartem<br />
Amwic~. In media Mari aqua nequit akendere, nifi ad liteus<br />
utrurnque & orientale & occidentale fimal defcendat : cum tamen<br />
vicibus alternie ad littora illa in Maribus noitris angufiis deikew<br />
dere debeat. Ea de cauh fluxus & refluxus in InG.k, qu3: F<br />
littoribus lon#$ne abfwt, perexiguus e@t .@et. 111 Portubus<br />
guibukhrn, ubi aquiz cum impetu yagno per’ Joca vadofi, ad<br />
Sinus altcrnis vicjbus implendos pi: evacuandop, inflyre &~efBuere<br />
cogitur, flux~is & refluxus debellt effe iblito maJores3 uti ad<br />
CjJ@ygdtbg1;92 & pontem Cb?~~ow& i~~~Az@a j- a$ montes S. lk!.h<br />
f-&e&f & Ltrbelyy, Ahkwut~~oyz~7fl (vulgs Az4rdn+es)., in NOrinnrG 5<br />
ad’ c,&&&~~yw; & f13egti in ,hzdk ori~nta~i~ Evils fn @is mares<br />
magna culn velacitate accedendo EL rccc$endo,~ htcora nunc in-,<br />
undat ~URC arida relinquit ad nnllta mihria. Neque impetus<br />
influendi, & remealldi prius frangi pgtefi, quam aqua attohur<br />
VC] deprimitur .ad pqdes 3+ 403 Wk 50 .!% amPlius* Et. par” Ffi<br />
ratio rrctorum ObJongorut‘n & vadofo;rum,, -.u ti~~~g-f~~~zf~~ & ejus<br />
~L;Q ~~g$& circuudatur. I@fius.in hujufmsdi: portu bus & ..frecis,<br />
per innpceum eurcus & recurris fupra modum augetur, Ad littora<br />
vero qw dekenfu prx+prtl a!, mare profundum & apertum<br />
+eaanr,, ubj aq~a fine. lmpetu e&!endi. & remyndi aFto!li &<br />
i’ubfidkre pot@ 2<br />
n!agultlada, ,JlZAu~ : reCpor&t vlnbus Sob ,&<br />
JAmiE. -: ’ ;<br />
COd,
$38 ‘PHIrr,osorI-II~ E9ATWRBLIS<br />
nE hfl!X’Dl Covol, 2. Cum vis Lunxz ad Mare movendum, fit ad vim gravis~-ST?:,l.\‘r’r<br />
fatis UC I ad zfj71.j.00, per$icuum efi quad vis illa iit longe<br />
rnlnor qu:~m ~IIX vel in experimentis Pendulorum, vcl in Staticis<br />
aut Hyyd’rofiacicis quibukunque kentiri poflit, In &flX fOl0 marho<br />
h;cc vis knfibilem edit efkiitum.<br />
CGPDI. 3. Quoniam vis Lunz ad Mare movcnd\lnI, clt ad Solis<br />
Ivim confimilem ut 4,481~ ad 1, & vires illz ( per coral. l+e<br />
Prop. LXVI. Lib. 1.) funt ut denfitatcs corporutn Lunz 6E So@<br />
& cubi diametrorum apparcntium conjwnBim j denfitas LU~X erl[:<br />
ad denfitatem Solis, LX 4>4815 ad I dire&e & cubus dlayletrr<br />
Lunra: ad cubum diametri Solis inverk: id eft (cum diametr;, mediocres<br />
apparentes Lunre & Solis fint 31’. 16$” & 32’. 12 ) ut<br />
48pn ad 1000. Denfitas autem Solis erat ad denfitatem Terra><br />
UC 100 ad 396; & propterea denfitas Lunze eft ad denfitatem<br />
Terrxt ut 4.891 ad 3960 fiu 2 I ad I 7. Efi igitur corps LU~XX<br />
denfius & magis terreflre quam Terra nofira,<br />
Co~ol, + Et cum vera diameter Lunar ( ex Obfervationibus<br />
Atironomicis) fit ad veram diametrum Terra, ut IOO ad 36g;<br />
erit mafia Luna ad rnaffam Terrae, UC I ad 39,371,<br />
Coral. 7, Et gravitas acceleratrix in fuperficie Lunz, erit quail<br />
triplo minor quam gravitas accelcratrix in fuperficie Terrze.<br />
Carol, 6. Et difiantia centri Lunz a cencro Terra, erit ad diitantiam<br />
centri Luna a communi graviratis centroTerrle & Lunar,<br />
UE 40,371 ad 39,371.<br />
Coral. 7. Et mediocris difiantia centri Lunz a centroTerrz, erie<br />
,femidiarne trorurn maximarum Terra 695 quamproxime. Nam<br />
kmidiameter maxima Terra fuit pedum farifienfium 19767630,<br />
& mediocris difiantia centrorum Terra & Luna ex hujufiodi<br />
femidiametris 60: conftans, zqualis efi pedibus 11poppp707. Et<br />
hzc difiantia (per Corollarium fuperius) efi ad difiantiam cencri<br />
Lunz a comniuni gravitatis centro Terra & LUIW, ut 40,371 ad<br />
3~~571, qua proinde efi pedum 1161498340. Et cym Luna rev<br />
volvatur refpc&u Fixarum, diebus 27, horis 7 & minutes primis 435;<br />
.fmus verfus anguli quem Lwna, tempore minuti unius primi. motu<br />
fuo media, circa commune gravitatis centrum Terra: 82 Luna: de-<br />
.fcribit, efi 127~23~, exifiente radio loof, oooouo, oooooo, Et ut<br />
radius ef? ad hunt finum verfim, ita tint pecks I 16~498340 ad<br />
.pedes x4,811833. Luna igirur vi illa qua .retinetur in Orbe, cadendo<br />
in Terram, tempore minuti unius primi defc.ribet .pedeQ;<br />
,14$1.2833. EC ii hzc sis augeatur in ratione r77$5 a.d x78$+, habe<br />
bit ur
RINCIIWi .~~ATPIEMATICA,<br />
Al? _<br />
+eb-itu,r yis rota gravitativ in Orbe Lung, per coral, pi++ .; iI,<br />
i,l!‘iFF.<br />
Et haC V1 Luna cadendo, tempore minuti unius primi defcr~bcrc T,::!-: :, :<br />
&beret pedes z4,8sg 17~ Et ad kxagefimam parcem llujus di..<br />
hntix, id efi, ad dlfiantiam pedum 19849995 a centro -rerrr,<br />
corpus grave cadendo, tempore mitluti unius fecundi defcribere<br />
deberet etiam pedcs 14,895 17. Diminuacur hsc diitalltia in cubduplicata<br />
ratione pedum 14~89517 ad pedes I 5,12028, &: /labcbitur<br />
difiantia pedum 197oI678 .a qua grave cadendo, codem rempore<br />
minuti unius kcundi defccnbet pedes I 5,12028, id efi, pcdes r5,<br />
dig. I, Iin. ~,31. Et hat vi gravia cadunt in hperficie crerl*x, ill<br />
Latitudine urbis h~etk TurzQ%rw~, ut fupra oftenhll cl+. EQ<br />
autcm difiantia pedum 1370r678 paulo lninor quam fcmidialllcter<br />
globi huic Terra zqualis, & pauto major quam Terra hujus<br />
,femldiameter mediocris, ut oportet. Sed di,fkrentis fiint inienfibiles.<br />
Et propterea vis qua Luna rerinetur in Orbe ho, ad diitantiam<br />
maximarum Terrze femidiametrorum 603, ea eft quam<br />
vis Gravitatis in fuperficie Terra: requirit.<br />
Coral. 8. Difiantia mediocris centrorumTerra: & Luna, eR mediocrium<br />
Terrae $midiametrorum 60: quamproxime. Nam kc<br />
lllidiamcter mediocris, quz. erac pedum 19688725, eCt ad kmidiametrllrn<br />
maximam pedum 19767630~ UC 60: ad 60: quam-<br />
-prgxime. ”<br />
3 * 1~ (,,,hi,s caf+uta~ionibus Attra&i&wn. magneticam ,‘Terra: non<br />
col&Jeravimus, cr,ljus u,ti:gue quant$as perpqrva efi & ignoratur.<br />
‘SiiGando ‘yero h&c Accra&b jnvefbgari poterit, & menfurx: &rf?-<br />
duum in Meridiano, ac longitudines Vendulorum ifochronorum ln<br />
~-.di~q&s ptir~fleli~~~ lef$fquo ‘m*d‘tutim Maris, & p+aIlaxis kin32<br />
:,cum ,diametriq +parentibus $dia .&.banz .ex Phzlenomenis accuratius.<br />
dgtegminataz fueri’nt : licebit calcuhm hunt. omnem accura-<br />
tius<br />
repeke+.<br />
:. .
Carol. hde vero fit ut eadem fernper Lunz kcies in Terram<br />
* obvertacUr. In alio e0im ficu corpus Lunare quiehre non poten,<br />
kd ad hunt fiturn okillando kmpcr redibit. Attamen okilhtiones,<br />
ob parviratem virium agitantium, eirenc long& tardiflimze:<br />
-:tdeo ut facies illa, qu;r: Terram kmper refpicere deberet, poffit<br />
alterurn orbis Lurks umbilicum, ob rationem in Prop. xvlt. all;a-<br />
.ram refpicere, ncque fiacim abinde retrahi & in Terram converri.<br />
L E M R4 A<br />
I[.<br />
Nam centro C diametro B Zl .d&zribatur fimici&lus<br />
.BAF’Z, C. Dividi intelligatur ;Temicircu’mFerentia BAD in<br />
partes
NC<br />
431<br />
p ar te s im-uneras 23ples 9 8c a partibus finguiis F ad diame- ~~~~~~<br />
trum ~?3 I) demittantur finvs P2’I Et fiimma quadratorum ex Tr.llTil:cfinibus<br />
omnibus .FT xqualis erit fummx quadratorum ex fin&us<br />
(omnibus CT, & f umma utraque zqualis erie fumma: quadratorun3<br />
CX tiotidem hni$iametris CF; adeoque fim3ma quadraton.xn~<br />
ex omnibus PT, wit: duplo minor quam fuumma quadrato-<br />
IW~I ex totidem femidiametris CF.<br />
Jam dividatur perimeter circuli .&E in particufas totidem a+<br />
8~ ab earum unaquaque F ad planum RR demirtatur<br />
rpendiculum FG, ut 8~ a pw@o A perpendiculum A&?. Et<br />
vis qua articula F recedit a piano Q.., erit ut perpe?dxulum<br />
illud F 8 per hypothefin, & hxc vis du&a in diftanelam CG,<br />
erit efficacia particula: F ad Terram circum ,centrum eJus convertendam.<br />
Adsaque efficacia particuk in loco FS erit ad efk<br />
~ caciam articula: in lock A, ut FGx G C ad AH% HC, hoe<br />
\ efi, ut P Cq ad AC 5 & propterea efficacia tota particularum<br />
mnium in lock fui$ P erit ad efficaciam particularurn totidem in<br />
oco A3 ut Cumma ony&rn FCq ad fu,pmam totidem AC@ hoc<br />
efi, (per jam demonfiraca) uf u_nuwm ad duo. J&E&?*<br />
Et quoniam particuk agune recedendo pefpendlculariter a<br />
plan0 g.R, idque zqualiter ab utraque parte huJus plani: eaderre<br />
* c$xgp&$xa~tisn cirouti Bquatoris, eiquk inh=enrem<br />
seffl tam in pkiio ill0 RR quam in pl@o c@qua~
DE MUNDI<br />
SYSTEMATE<br />
IL, E, M hd A II.<br />
Sit cnim PK circulus quilibet minor Aquatori AE p%.kllelus,<br />
hque L, I parriculx du32 qwvis zquales in hoc circuIo extra<br />
globum 2Qp c fita5 EC fi in planum &YJ?., quod .radio in Solem<br />
dufko perpendiculare efi, demittantur perpendicula L M, Im:<br />
vires totx quibus particulz ilk fugiunt planum RR, proportionales<br />
erune perpendiculis illis LA& Zm. Sit autem re&a Le’<br />
piano Tape parallela & bikcetur eadem in X, & per punw<br />
auy X agatur ,Nl;c, quaz parallela fit plano RR & perpendi-<br />
eulis L iM, Isn occurrat in N ac 72, & in plarlum<br />
satuf perpendiculum XT. Et parti&larum L &<br />
trarix , ad Terram in contrarias partes rotandam, rung ilt<br />
LM%MC & LmXmC, hocefi, UC LN%MC+ATNXMC &<br />
InXmC~nm)(mCj ~uLNXMC+NM~MC& EA?XmC<br />
-=$lmf
TMEMAT1c.A. 435<br />
--j?J2LTnd~mC: Sr harum difkrentia LiVx&‘m-JQfifx ~\~c+~,J~(‘, L~IJE~:<br />
efi vis particularurn ’ ambarum iimul fumpcarum ad Ter~t112<br />
T :: E ? I LB 5 ,<br />
~0ta?am Hujus diff‘erencix prs afirmativn 1, fvx Jfp? iii.1<br />
2 I, NY. XX, efi ad parcicularum dnJrum ejufdem m;lgnirudinis<br />
in A confifientium vim 2 A./ix tic’, ut LXq ad AC i;“.<br />
Et pars negativa A?MX ML + Yt2 C f3.l 2 XTX C T’, ad pnrrr--<br />
cuiwum eartmdem in A’ codifientium vim 2 A’NX ,r~lc:, LC<br />
cXq ad ACy. Ac proinde partium diffcrentia, id cfi, particu’larum<br />
duarum L Sr I hul i‘umptarum vis ad Terram r’otar!-<br />
dam:, em ad vim particularum duarum iifddem zqualium & in ]oc(p<br />
A confifientium, ad Terram itidem rorandam, ut I, Xq - CSy<br />
ad ACq. Sed fi circuli II! circumferentia dK dividatur i;l pJrticulas<br />
innumeras zquales L, erunt omnes L Xg ad totidem ISq<br />
ur E ad z, ( per Lem. I.) atque ad rotidem ACq, ut .IXq ad<br />
zACq; & totidem CXq ad totidem ACq ue zc’Xq ad 2~175.7~<br />
@are vires conjuntiaz particularum omnium in circu~W circdl<br />
IK, funt ad vires conjun&as przrcicularum totidem in loco A, ut<br />
1X2-- 2 CXq ad z ACq : & propterca ( per Lem. I.) ad vires<br />
conjun&as parcicularum roridem in circuitu circuli AE, ut<br />
IXq--tCXq ad ACq.<br />
Jam vero ii Spharaz diameter Tp dividatur in partes innumeras<br />
sequales, quibus i&&ant: circuli eotidem IKj materia in perimetro<br />
circuli cujufque II< erit ut IXq: ideoque vis mater&<br />
illius ad Terram rotandam, erit ut IXq in IXq- 2 CXq. Et<br />
vis mater& ejufdem, fi in circuli AE perimetro confifiteret, Get<br />
ut 1x2 in ACq. Et propterea vis particularurn omnium mater&<br />
tot&, extra globum in perimetris circulorum omnium confifientis,<br />
efi ad vim particularum totidem in perimecro circu!i<br />
maximi AE confifientis, ut omnia JXq in IXq- zCXq ad<br />
totidem IXq in ACq, hoc cl%, ut omnia ACq -CXq in<br />
~Cq-3CiYq ad cotidem AC’q-CXq in ACq,. id eR,” ut<br />
omnia ~~qq-4AC~xCXq-t-3CX~q ad totIde Ad=q,q<br />
--ACq xCXq, hoc eit, ‘.ut tota quantltas fluens. CUJUS fluxio<br />
efi AC~~-L~~AC~XCX~+~CX~~, ad totam quantitatem fluenrem<br />
cujus fluxi eff ACqq-AC xCXq; ac promde per Methodum<br />
Fluxionum, UC ACq Xc % -$~CqxeXG%~t~CX~C<br />
ad ACqqxCX -;ACqx C 4r CZ& id efi, ii pro CX fcribarur<br />
tora Cp vel AC9 ut fj ACq c ad $ ACq G> hoc efi, ut duo ad<br />
inque, $& E. “P,<br />
kk z LEMMA
DE MIJNDX<br />
SYSTEhSATE<br />
L E M M A III.<br />
ff enim motus Cylindri circum axem fuum immotum revol-<br />
~entis, ad mot-urn Sphara2 infcriptz & fimul revolventis, ut qua3<br />
libet quatuor zqualia quadrata ad tres ex circuiis iibi infcriptis:<br />
& motus Cylindri ad motum annuli renuifimi, Sphazram & Cyfindrum<br />
ad communem eorum contaCturn ambientis, ut duplum<br />
mater& in Cylindro ad triplum materice in annul0 j & annuli<br />
motus iite circum axem Cylindri uniformiter continuatus, ad<br />
ejufdem morum uniformem circum diametrum propriam, eodem<br />
rempore periodic0 faCturn, ut circumferentia circuli ad duplum<br />
diametri.
n/lotus mcdiocris horarius Nodorum Lunx in Orbe circulari<br />
ubi Nodi funt in Qqadraturis, eras 16”. 3 5”‘. 10. 3~. e,- hujui<br />
dimidium 8”. .17”‘. 38”. 15”. (ob rationes Cupra explicatas) elf ITIotus<br />
medius horaxius Nodorum in tali Orbe; fitque anno tolo<br />
Gdereo 2 oer- I I’. 46”. Quokml igicur Nodi Lunn: in cali orbe<br />
conficerent knuatim 20@* 1 I’. 46”. in antecedentia i (r; fi p[ljrcs<br />
effent L~7a-z motus Nodorum Cujufque, per eorol. 16. Prop.<br />
LXVI. Lib. 1, faretlr ut tern-pow periodica ; fi Lunq +ati(j<br />
,diei iiderci juxta kpcrficiem Terra revolverecw-, motus arinuut<br />
ISodorum fwet ad 20 gr* ,X I’. 4~2”~ ut dies fidereuq horarym 23, 56’.<br />
ad tempus periodicurn Luw dierum ~7~ 7 bar. 43’1 Id efi, UC<br />
1436 ad 39343. Et par elE ratio Nodorwy wxluli Lynarum<br />
‘I’erram ambientis; five Lund iIIa fk mutuo non contingant, five<br />
iiquefcant & in annulwm continuum formeneur, live dcnique annulus<br />
ilk rig&at & -inflexibilis reddatur.<br />
Fingamus igitvr qqod annulus ifie, quaad ,qnantitatem mat~r&~<br />
aqualis fk Terra otini I? G!p AT .e$ E qu%. gbabo P&p e fllp!Xlor<br />
ait,j,(~~d. gig. pa? 434,) & .quoniam.glQbus IRE & ad Terram illam<br />
fup.~rioore’m cl.mL-+, ad ACp ..T-dqu. .id e:D (cum Tcrr~ dkne~<br />
minor fp% vel aC fit ad diametrum majorem AC ut 3~ +d $30,)<br />
~lt 52441 ad +fpi G annulPs ifie Terr;ym kcundum r;Equatarem<br />
&g.erct & uterque iimul circa diametrp!n annuli reyolvereryr,<br />
gnpfus anggli @%qc ac! wWM gIObi i!PiOrJs (p? hU’~S ~~f!W<br />
ut 4I’ig ad 5+24-&I’.& ?oowo* ,ad pzjzyc kokajun. 65 l,rn? hoc efl,<br />
tit 4,530 ad 485223; ideoque motu’s annuifi &et ad-fimmam ma-.<br />
$gJl_i. g&g$Qb& uy ,J$&w Ad &?t&$- m%&,.fi.snnuls4s &-<br />
eat, &c&Otll&l $&$%I .sQMQ &$W A%$?& 4% P!JPGka .&SW!-<br />
noaialia regrediuntur, cum glob0 commumcet : mow qui reOabit<br />
in annul0 erit ad ipfius motum priofen, >t, 4590. a! 4898x3 i<br />
& prop!erGa Dotus pun!ZItorum BqulnoEtlallum dlmnuecur ip<br />
~&3pn f&one. &it igitur motus annuus puntkorum f%qurno&ialium<br />
corporis ex annul0 & glob0 compofiti, ad motum<br />
20 K”.
4-G HfLO%OPFlf& PYA<br />
DC hlu::1,r 3og” II’. &‘, Lit I.&# ad 393$.3 e,- L&pps ad ‘&813 COrnjilIl~<br />
*yus’rr51,tTi: ll-t.ifu~ id elt ut 100 nd 2!,3363. F,Ti~es atibetn quibus Nodi Lunarum<br />
(rlt ;ilpra cxplicui) :IrqGc adeo quibus pu~iLI:a &quinoc”rl3-<br />
11n annUli regrcdiuntur (id el1 vires 3 12; iW I;i;rT.pflg,4..03 SC L&O+)<br />
iilnc in iillgulis particulis ut dillaalciz2 parricularum ,i pIaIl L&R><br />
& lnis viribus particulz ills pianum hgiwit; 6-z propcerea ( per<br />
Lcm. %a.) li macerin annuli per totam, globi fuperficiem:, in mo-<br />
~-en7 figurx ‘d>np A Y3 ep Ej nd hpcrlore~~~ illdm Terrx parten<br />
confiituendam i~ar,gerctur, ITis Lk &cacla tota parricularum OIIInium<br />
ad Tcrf’3m circa quamvis 1 %quatoris diametrurn rorandam,<br />
;;tque tldco ad movcnda punQa J~quinotiialia, evaderet minor<br />
qum prlus in htione z ad 5, ldeoque annuw .AquinoLkiorum<br />
r-egreths jam effet ad zogr* IX’. 46”, ut PO ad 73092: ac proinde<br />
herer 3”. 5(j”‘. 5cP.<br />
Cxterum hit morus, ob inclinationem plani Aquatoris ad planun]<br />
Ecliptics, minuendus eit, idque in ratione Gnus pn706 (qui<br />
Gnus cil complementi graduum 23:) ad Radium ‘IOOOOO, Qa<br />
ratione motus iite jam fiet 3”. 7”‘. 20~‘. Hzc efi annua Prazcefio<br />
ACquinoQiorum a vi Solis oriunda.<br />
Vis autem Lunz. ad Mare movendum erat ad vim Solis, ut<br />
,+,4815 ad I circirer. Et vis Luna ad ASquinoQia movenda, efi<br />
ad vim Solis in eadem proportione. lndeque prodit annua AZuino&iorum<br />
Praxeff~o a vi hnrr: oriunda 40”~ 52”‘. 52”; ac tota<br />
racefio annua a vi ucraque oriunda 50”. 00”‘. x2’“. Et hit mow<br />
tus cum Ph3znomenis congruit. Nam Frzecefio &quino&iorum<br />
cx Obfervationi bus Afironomicis eit minutorum kcundorum plu$<br />
minus quinquaginta.<br />
Si altitudo Terra ad Bquatorem hperet altitwdinem ejus ad<br />
oloss milliaribus pluribus quam 175, materia ejus rarior a-it a$<br />
circumferen ti uarn ad centrum : et Prmceff~o JEquinoOkxu~<br />
ob altitudinem illam auger& ob raritatem diminui debet.<br />
Deferipfi~us jam Syfiema Solis, Terra, Lunz, & Planetarum:<br />
Cupwelt: ut de $hmetis nonnulla adjicianrur.
445 P PHI/E NATURALIS<br />
E
IN’CIPI A P-IEhIn*TrI@‘~,<br />
“j 4% I<br />
$dem colljgitur ex curvatura vk comc~arL,m. ~~~~~~~~~~ Ij4,.2: : ,,<br />
@q?ora propemodam in circulis maximis quarndiu ITIOVC;:rtL,r cclC- ..I<br />
rius j at in fine cLlrfi% ubi motus apparelltis pars ill;1 qu;r ;! rhkdkk<br />
oritw majorem habet proportionem 3d lilotun3, totuin .(_<br />
parentem, defle&ere ibknt ab his circulis, k quoties ~~~~~~ &-<br />
vetur in unam partem, abire in pat-tern concr;lriam, Ol’ifW i1.x<br />
deflexio maxime ex Parallaxi, progterca quad rcJ@ndcr rrlr,ltzl<br />
Terr;xl j 6.C infignis ej,s quantitas, me0 coin~3ut0, colloca$tit Jiji;,,<br />
renres Cometas fdtis louge infra Jovem. Unde conkqucns CG<br />
quad in Perigzis & Periheliis, ubi propills aJKll]t, del~cii~l!r:%<br />
Gzpius infra orbes Harris 8-c inferiorurn PIalletarum.<br />
Gz&%matur etiam propinquitas Cometarum es hcc caDiaLalzl.<br />
Nam corporis cceleitis a Sole illuhyri & in regiones ~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
abeuntis, diminuitur fpIendcr in quadruplicata ratione diltanri;c :<br />
Jn duptlieata ratione videlicet ob auAam corporis difla~~e&~n a<br />
Sole, & in alia duplicaea racione ob diminutatn diametram appxrentem.<br />
Unde fi detur & lucis quantitas & apparelIs diamctcr<br />
CIometazs dabitur difiantia, dicendo quod difiantia fit ad difirmtn-<br />
Cam Planeta, in ratione diametri ad diametrum dire& & rarione.<br />
Cubduplicata his ad lucem inverk Sic minima capillitii Cometa:<br />
anni 168% diameter, per Tubum opticum kxdecim pedum<br />
a .FZamJze& obkrvata & Micrometro menfurata, squabat 2j. Q”.<br />
Nucleus autefn feu fi&a in medio capitis vI’x decimam partem $-<br />
udinis hujus occupabat, adeoque lata erat tantum I 1”’ vel IZ -<br />
uce‘vero & claritate capitis fuperabat caput Comew anni 168~<br />
fiellarque prima vel fecunda magnitudinis arnulabatur. I’onamus<br />
~aturnum cum annul0 fro quail quadruple lucidiorem f’uifl‘e: 6E<br />
quoniam lux annuli propemodum zquabat luce,,m globi imer-<br />
,Jmedii) & diameter apparens globi fit quail 21 3 adeoque 1~<br />
lobi & annuli conjun&im zquaret hem glob& CU)KS diameter<br />
t 305 erit d&&a Cometae ad diftantiam Saturn1 UC I ad J-6<br />
hverk, & 12” ad 30 I’ dire&e, id efh ut 24 ad 30 ku + ad P<br />
s Cometa anni 166~ men&? /?)9rih, ut autl?or $ ~~*~e~~~~J,<br />
te fua pene Fixas omnes fuperabat, puf”etlam tpfum Saturmum,<br />
ratione coloris videlicet: longe vividrorlss Qupp(c Bucidior<br />
lerat hie Cometa alter0 iilo3 qui in 6~8: anni prgcedencls apparuexat<br />
& cum aellis prima: magnitudmls conferebatur, Laticudo<br />
capillitii erat qua6 6’3 at nucleus cum Planetis ope Tubi opcici<br />
51: nunc minor corpore inrermeco&g,~s~<br />
plane minor erat JOY<br />
11<br />
‘..-<br />
dis
%]:~a: c?i[pLrtavimus non coniidcrando ob~~uratiorrem Cometarum<br />
per fUJXLt~l1 il]UllJ J?laXlJlle CO~~Ofil~ll & CCZlihblfll~ quo Caput:<br />
~,irc~~lld~tLlt-q qd pcs nubem obtllk hemper lt.lSenS. IYam quanto<br />
obFcilriu:+ rcddirur corpus per IIUJIC hmum, tatlto propius ad<br />
~c..%~JII ~~edat nesefliz efi, ut copia lucis a fe reflexa Planetas 33-i-w<br />
lecur. lijde veridimile fit Comeras longe<br />
defkendere, uti ex Parallaxi vero quam maxime<br />
confirmatur ex Caudis.<br />
per &thera, vel ex 1Uce ca<br />
efi diffnntia Cometarum 9<br />
mper ortus per<br />
fpatin nimis ampla insredibili cum velocitate & expanfione pro-.<br />
gagecur, In pofieriore referenda eiE lux omnis tam caudaz quam<br />
capillitii ad nusleum capitis. IIgitur fi concipiamus lucem hane<br />
omnem congregari & intra d&cum nuclei coarLtari, nucleus i]lc<br />
jam certe, quoties caudam naaximam & fu1gentifhmu-n emittir,<br />
Jovem iphm fpplendore fuuo multum fiiperabir.<br />
cum diametro apparenre plus Iucis emittens, mu<br />
bitur a Sole, adeoque erir Soli multo propior.<br />
hb Sale delitekensias & caudas cum maximas<br />
inftar trabium iSnitarum noflnu~~q~~arn emittentia, eodem argumento<br />
infra orbem Veneris collosari debent. PJam lux illa om .<br />
fi in lItellam congregari Cupponaturs ipfam enerem ne dica<br />
nercs plures conywQas quandoque fuperaret,<br />
dem denique colligitur ex he capitum crekente in. rece<br />
ometarum a Terra Solem verb, ac decrekente in co<br />
Sole verfus Terram, Sic enim Comeja pofierior<br />
Cobkrvanse .Hev~Zio9) ex quo confpici cceyitJ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
de
de ~110tu fro apyaren@ adeoque prztericrat perigx~ltl~ j ~p~cl~s I. :;3/ :I<br />
&x VerO capitis nillilominus indies crefcebat, u{‘jue dum ~~~~~~~~~~~ -: fh 1 :<br />
radiis Solaribus obte&us deliit apprere. COlllCta Anni 1 C;l;j 1<br />
ob-kvmte eodem Hewelio, in fine cents ,yrl/;i ubi pri,l?um uc‘I1,l ._<br />
fPe&uS efit, tardiGne movehatur, nlinuta pritlla +a vcl -by Cit”ecemnb. 26.<br />
velocirlme motus, inque Perigzo . propemodum exiitens, ccdcht<br />
ori PegaG, Stek tertia: magnitudrnis. JLZKZ. 3. apparebac ut Stelh<br />
quartz:, Jan, p, ut SteIIa qurnta, gaGI I 3. ob fplendoren? @u,~<br />
crefceutis difparuit. JUG* 2 p vix aquabat Stelias magnrtudmrs<br />
ceptimg. Si fumautur aquaha a Perig3eo hint inde tempera, capita<br />
quae temporibus illis in longinquis regionibus pofita, ob<br />
zquales a Terra difiantias, zqualiter here dcbulOht , in plaga<br />
solis maxime fplenduere , ex altera Perigai parre evnnuere. Igitur<br />
ex magua lucis in utroque fitu difEere:ltia, concluditur magna<br />
Nxm<br />
1UX Cometarur)l<br />
regulars
444<br />
De MUNDI re~ularis effe folet) & 122axinna apparere ubi capita velociGme<br />
moventur, atque adeo funr in PerigXis j nifi quatenus ea major<br />
eit in vicinia Solis.<br />
TYSTE~IATE<br />
&VXJL I. Splendent<br />
igitur Comecz lute Solis a k reflexa.<br />
Caral. 2. Ex &&is etiam intelligitur cur Comet32 tantopere fiequentant<br />
regionem Solis, Si cernerentur in regionibus longe<br />
ultra Saturnurn, deberent kpius apparere in partibus Soli oppofitis.<br />
Forent enim Terra viciniores qui in his partibus vercarentur,<br />
c&z Sol interpofitus obkuraret csteros. Verum percurrend0<br />
hifiorias Cometarum, reperi quod quadruplo vel quintupls<br />
plures dctefii funt in Wemifphsrio Solem verfk, quam in Hernifphzrio<br />
oppofito, przter alios procul dubio non paucos quos<br />
lux Solaris obtexik. Nimirum in defcenfu ad regiones nofiras<br />
neque caudas emittunt, neque adeo illufirantur a Sole, ut n&is<br />
oculis [e prius detegendos exhibeant, quam dint ipfo Jove pros,<br />
Spatii autem tantillo incervallo circa Salem defcripti<br />
~~~ekmge major fita efi a latere ‘I’errz quad Solem rerpicit 5<br />
lnque parte illa majore Cometa, Soli ut plurimum viciniores9<br />
rnagis illuminari Iblent.<br />
cb~0,4 3. Hint ctiam manifefium efi, qUod Co& refifientia defiituuntur.<br />
Nam Cometaz vias obliquas & nonnunquam cur&i<br />
Ianetarum contrarias kcuti, moventur omnifariam liberrime, Se<br />
motus fuos etiam contra curfiim Flanetarum, diutiflime confirvanr.<br />
Fallor ni genus Planetarum fint, & motu perpetuo in orbem<br />
redcan t. Nam quad Scriptores aliqui Meteora effe volunta<br />
argumenturn a capitum perpetuis mutationibus ducentes, fundarnento<br />
carere videtur. Capita Cometarum Atmofphzeris ingenri<br />
bus cingun tur ; & Atmofphzrz inferno denfiores effe debent.<br />
Unde nubes funt, non ipG Cometarum corpora, in quibus mutaniofles<br />
Jllz vifuntur. Sic Terra ii e Flanetis ~pe&arecur, lute nubium<br />
fiarum proculdubio fpknderet, & corpus firmum filb IILIbibus<br />
prope delitefceret. Sic cingula Jovis in nubibus Planetr:<br />
illius formata efi, quz Gtum mutant inter 6% & firmum Jovis<br />
‘corpus per nubes illas difhcilius cernitur. Et multo magis cc+<br />
pora Cometarum Tub Atmofphzris & profundioribus 8r crafliori-<br />
$a.~ abfcondi debem
f’hQ~.‘I. If-Einc fi CometX in orbem redeunt: Orbes erul:c ~lii~,~<br />
fisz k tempera periodica erunt ad temgora periodica ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br />
iI1 aXium principalium ratione [efquiplicata. fdeuqw ~;l;‘orttcc.a<br />
maxima ex p,arte fupra Plaxietas verfantes, & e. nomine orbls<br />
axibus majoribus defcribentes, tardius revolventur. UC ii aXis cjr.,<br />
bh Cometa: fit quadruple major axe Qrbis Saturni, tcmpus revalutionis<br />
Comets erit ad tempus revolutionis Saturni, id cft, ad<br />
annos 30, ut 4 V’ 4 (ku 8) ad 13 ideoque erit annorum 240,<br />
CWU!~ 2. Orbes autem erunt Parabolis adeo finitimi, ut CurLlm<br />
vice ParabolE9 abfque erroribus fenfibilibus, adhiberi poflint.<br />
~cl&. 3. Et propterea, per Coral. 7. Prop. XVI, Lib. J, ~7fJocitas<br />
,Cometz omnk erit femper ad vclocitatem Planctaz cujrlfvis<br />
circa Sokm in circulo revolventis, in filbduplicata ratioac dupf;l:<br />
difiantix Planets a cenrro Sol& ad difiantiarn Comets a cenr’ro<br />
Solis quamproxime. Ponamus radium Orbis magi, feu EHipfeos~ .<br />
in qua Terra revolvitur femidiametrum maximam, tire partium<br />
'PQOOOOOOO: & Terra motu fuo diurno mediocri dekribec parses<br />
1720212, & motu horario partes 7~67~f. ldeoque C*omeca in<br />
eadeig Telluris a Sole difiantla medrocrl, ea cut?1 velocltXe quz<br />
fit ad velocitaren~ Telluris ut 4/z ad I~ defcribet mote ii10 ?iyna<br />
part=-s 2932741, & motu horario partes IOF 3.G&. Bn magor+s<br />
autem vel kkoribus diftamtus , motus turn dwnus rum horarw<br />
erit ad hunt motum diurnum & horarium in fubduplicata rations<br />
difiantiarum reciproce, ideoque datir-<br />
~~~~2, &, unde fi J&us re&um PyTab?k quadruple ma@ iitradio<br />
Orbis inagni, & quadrarum radll ~~IUS PWatur efk p!rtluln<br />
900000000 : area quam,,Cometa radio ad Salem ducilto fingulls d.iebus<br />
defcribit, erit partium 12 X6373$, & iingulis ho+ are;r iUa<br />
erit gartium 50682$. Sin lams r&urn majus fit vel m!llUS III C+<br />
$iOne quavis, erit area diurna & horaria major vd moor in ea:<br />
dem r&me fiabdupli~ata~<br />
,I354 MA.
i‘)E<br />
MWNDI<br />
'r y 5 'r E bl A 'I' h<br />
L E M M A v-d<br />
venirc iineafn curzlnm gencris ambalici, quL9 pev &a<br />
potcungue punEu traujbit.<br />
Sunto pun&a illa A, B,C, 93, E, F, &c. & ab iifdem ad x&am<br />
quamvis pofitione datam MN demitte perpendicula qmotcunquc<br />
AH, BI, CK, 2x, EM3 F.N.<br />
C6zJ 1. Si pun&orum .E& 1, I
tempt qaudcuir imwme<br />
I)efignent N-& IK, XL, LM tempora inter ~b~~rv~ti~~~~~~<br />
c&z F’g. paced.) ITA, I& KC, LV, ME obfervatas quinquc<br />
Iongitudines Cornerg, HS tempus datum inter obkrvatianem pri:<br />
mam & longitudinem quaGram, Et fi per punt% A,B,C,2,,h<br />
duck intelligatur curva regularis ABC9 E; & per Lemma :~perrius<br />
inveniatur ejus ordinatim applicata X S, erlt R S ~~~lg~~~~~~<br />
Cpdit”.<br />
lEadem method0 ex obfervatis quinque latitudinibus iwcnitur<br />
Iatitudo ad tempus darum.<br />
$$ ]ongitudinum obfervatarum parve ht. diEerenti;u, INCA graduum<br />
tanrum 4 vei 5; fuffecerinc obfervatlones tres vel ~U~CUO~<br />
inve&ndam longitudinem & laticudin<br />
n.ovam. Sin ~~~~~re~<br />
f &f&gemjg, pug3 graduufil XrS Vel bu~l~ obferva~iones<br />
e ,~d~~~~~.<br />
. ,I<br />
1<br />
“. ,. ’<br />
h.
B, P C, reEfis duabus pojtione datis A B,<br />
tam hbeant rationem ad inzlicem.<br />
A pun& ill0 P ad re&arum alterutram<br />
Al3 ducatur re&a qua3.G<br />
~$9 ) & producatur eadem verb<br />
re&am alteram AG ufque ad E, uk<br />
t F’ E ad ‘P D in data illa ratione.<br />
h AD parallela fit E G<br />
Bs srit a3 Q: ad<br />
‘go g+.E
Jungatur enh E 0 G.xalW arcum Parabolicurn AE! C if1 r, & a&a- LIBER<br />
tw P A!’ qua tangat eundem arcum invertice ,U & a&x,f?~ occur- Te~riuc.<br />
rat in X; 8~ crit area curvilinea AEXh A ad aream curvilineam<br />
ACTpA’ ut: AE ad AC. Ildeoquc cum triangulum A$E fit<br />
nd triangdum A SC in eadem ratione, erit area tora A,JE .X,MA!<br />
ad aream totam A?SCT~LA ut BE ad AC, Cum autem ~0<br />
iit ad SO ut 3 ad I, & E 0 ad X0 in eadem rathe, erit $3’<br />
$i EB paralitela: & propkerea ii jungatur BX, &it triangulum<br />
SEB rrianguIo XE B zquak. Unde fi ad arearn ASE X,UA .t<br />
addarur triangulum E XB, & de hnma auferatur triatrngulum<br />
LSEB, manebic area ASBXpA a;eaz ASEXpA azqualis,<br />
atquc adeo ad aream ASCTpFL ut AE ad AC. Sed area<br />
AJ B X,U A xqualis e& area ASB Tp A quamproxime, & hat<br />
area A S B Z”,U A efc ad aream ASCT,UA, u t tempus defcripri<br />
accu~ AB ad ~empus defcripti arcus torius AC. ldeoque AE<br />
efi ad AC in ratione temporum guamproxime. ,$&Es D.<br />
CoroZ. Wbi punEtum B incidit in Parabolx vertices ,Q efi A!E<br />
ad AC in ratiouc tcmporum accurate.<br />
Si jungatur p i$- kcans AC in 8, & in ea capiatur %fz qu22 $t<br />
ad ~23 ut 27 &!I ad 16 Mp: a&a Be fecablt chordam AC 1x1<br />
ratione temporum magis accurate quam priuy. J aceat autem<br />
put&.zm 9z ultra pun&urn 4, fi pun&urn q magls difiat a vertice<br />
principali Parabola quam pun&urn pj & cltra, ii minus dilZat ab<br />
eodem verticc.<br />
Nam 4SP ec Xatus re&um Parabolze pertinens ad verticem<br />
pa<br />
$d m m LEM.MA
Nam ?i Cometa velocirate quam habet in p, eodern +ter)7pore<br />
progrcderetur uniformiter in re& quz. Parabolam tangtt 111 ,ULL;<br />
area quam radio ad pun&urn S duLlto dekriberec, zcqualis effec<br />
are3: Parabolicz A SC,U. ldeoque contencum fub Iongitudine in<br />
tangente defcripta 6r longirudine S,uc, efkt ad conten.rurn fub<br />
longitudinibus AC & SM, LIE area A JIC,LJ ad trlangulum<br />
ASC M, id CR, ut S N ad S M. C&are AC e& ad longirudinem<br />
in tangente dekripram, ut S’p ad SN. Gum aurem velocitas<br />
Corner2 in altitudine SF’ fit (per Coral. G. Prop, XVI, Lib. 1,)<br />
ad velocicatem in altitudine J’,u, in filbduplicatn ratione SF ad<br />
S,U inverk, id eiE, in .ratione SF ad SN; longitude, hat velocitate<br />
eodem tempore defcripra, e’rit ad longitudinem in tangente<br />
defcriptam, ut S,U ad SA?, lgitur AC & longicudo hat nova ve-<br />
.locitare dekripea, cum dint ad .longitudinem in tangente ,d&crip-<br />
Pam in eadem ratione, xquantur inter k. g* E.D.<br />
Coral. Cometa igitu: ea cum vefocitate, quam habet in altitudine<br />
Sp -+- $?/A, eodem ternpore defcriberet chordam AC quamproxime,<br />
‘LEMMA
MATHE~~~ATIcA.<br />
L SE M M A<br />
XI.<br />
Nam Cometa quo ternpore defcribat arcum Parabolicurn AC’,<br />
eodem tempore ea cum velocitate qu.am habet in al,titudinc J*F<br />
per Lemma novifimum) defcribet chordam AC, adeuque (per<br />
L orol. 7. Prop. XYI. Lib. 1.) eodem tetnpore in Circulo cujus fernidiameter<br />
effet S-5”, vi graviratis fua: revolvendo, dcfcriberet arcurn<br />
sujus Iongitudo effet ad arcus Parabolici chordam AC, in fubdupIicata<br />
ratione unius ad duo. Et propterea eo cum pondere quocl<br />
habet in Solem in altitudine SF’, cadendo de altitudine illa in<br />
Solem, defcriberer femiire temporis illius (per Coral. 9. Prop, IV.<br />
Lib. I.) fpatium aquale quadrato fern& chorda iliius applicato<br />
ad quadruplum altitudinis ST, id eft, fpatium<br />
AQ<br />
-. Undc cum<br />
Q-P<br />
POndus Cornerg in Solem in alticudiae Sill, fit ad ipiius pondus<br />
in Solem in altitudine ST, Ut S’5? ad SILL: Cometa pondcre<br />
quad habet in altitudine SN eodem ternpore, in Solem caden-<br />
do, detiribet fpatium &‘q gPa 1 ‘d &, fpatium longitudini 1~ vel<br />
2Mp xquale. sE.2).<br />
PROPOSITIO XLi PROBLEMA XXI.<br />
Problema hocce longe difficillimum multimode.aggr$ust compofili<br />
Problemata quadam in Libra primo qux ad emus fo!Lkonem<br />
ij$kinJ. PoRea folutionem fequentem paulo fimpliciorem<br />
;XucOjp.a y 1.<br />
Q~lia:,nt~~r tres qbfervationes zzqualibus remporum-interva<br />
,,-nprqxime difiantes. Sit aurem temporls i~tervnlEum<br />
'ZZKZi &ometa gardius movetur paulo majus akero3 ita videlicet<br />
M m m z<br />
El&
45%<br />
PHILOSOPHIC<br />
NA<br />
~)e MUNDI ut temporum differentia fit ad Cimmam temporum, UC fumma temspSTEMRTGporum<br />
ad dies plusminus kxcentos; vel ut punRum 22, iyidat in<br />
pun&urn M quamproxime, & inde aberret vcrhs I pot~us quam<br />
verfus A. Si tales obkrvationes non pr;eiIo fint, inveniendus efi<br />
novus Cometz locus per Lemma gextum.<br />
Defignent S Solem, T, t, T tria loca Terrlle in Orbe magno9<br />
1TA, t B, -rC obkrvatas tres longitudines Comets, V tempus in==<br />
ter obfervationem primam & fecundam, W rempus, hirer fecundam<br />
ac tertiam, X longitudinem quam Cometa t6to 1110 temporea<br />
ea cum velocitate quam habet in mediocri Telluris k Sole difianria,<br />
dekribere poffet, quaque per Coral. 3. Prop, XL, Lib. II!.<br />
invenienda efiJ elk t Y perpendiculum in chordam a 7. 1x1 longn-<br />
‘.’D<br />
tudine media tI3 fitmatur utcunque pwn&um 23 pro roco Cometa:<br />
in piano Eclipticz9 & inde verfus Solem S ducatwr linea<br />
$ E, quaz fit ad fagittam tv, ut contentum fib SB 8t Sf qzwd,<br />
ad cubum hypotenufz trianguli re&anguli, cujus Iatera tint $23 &<br />
tangens latitudinis Cometa in obkrvatione fecunda ad radium tB.<br />
Et
PR~~~CIPIA MATHEMA=IXX 41;<br />
Et‘ per punQum E agatur ( per hujus rem. VII, > retin. AEC’, I,~~~~<br />
cujus parces AE, EC ad reQas TA cq TC rel.mill:ttx, i;llc nd T!.;~TJG~~<br />
invicem ut tempera V 8-z W : & erunt A & C’ loca Co[nct;y iI1<br />
plan0 Ecliptica: in 0bi’crvatione prima ac tertia qua[~proxil~~,e, ii<br />
mo*do B fir LOCUS ejus re& affumptus in obr’r\Tacione i&u&.<br />
Ad AC bikEtam in 1 erige perpendicuhm 1;. Per ~)~m@~~u B<br />
age occultam Bi iph AC parallelam. jqe occultam si recantern<br />
AC in A, & comple parallelogrammw~~ iJh. + (2113~ fc zqualem<br />
3Ih, 8c per Solem S age occultam G$ zqualem 3JG+3ihr<br />
Et: deletis jam literis A, E, C, Ia a pnniIo B VCJ~~S ~LHI~“IXHII ,$<br />
due occultam novam BE, que fie ad priorem 6 E jn dup]icat:l<br />
rarione difiantia: 6 S ad quantitatem 8~ -t-4 i A. Et per p~l&um<br />
E iterum due re&am ABC eadem lege ac prim, id c/i-, ir;a ul: ejus<br />
partes AE & EC tint ad invicem, UT rempora inter obfervationcs<br />
V & W, Et erunt A & C loca Comet32 ma@s accurate.<br />
Ad AC bife&am in 1 erigantur perpendicula AH, CN, JO,<br />
quarum Afti si C1\T fint rangentes latitudinum in obiervatiouc<br />
prima ac rertia ad radios 2-A & TC. Jungatur MA? kcans IQ<br />
in 0. Conftzituatur re&angulum i_Th~ ut prius. In IA produQa<br />
capiacur ID zqualis Sp-+-$a’h, & agaeur occulta 0 13, ’<br />
D&de in MN verbs A7 capiatur MT’, quz fit ad longitudinem<br />
i”upra inventam X, in fubduplicata ratione mediocris difhtia Teliuris<br />
a Sole (ku kmidiametri Orbis magni) ad diftantiam 0 2).<br />
Si pun&urn T incidat in pun&urn N; erunt A’, B, C tria loca Cometz,<br />
per quaz Orbis eius in plan0 Ecliptics defcribi debet. Sin<br />
pun&-urn T n0n incidat in punQum AI”; in re&a AC capiacur<br />
CG ipfi NT aqualis, ita ut punEEa G & ‘P ad cafdem partes<br />
reti;e iVC jaceant.<br />
gadem method0 qua pun&a E, A, C, Gj ex affimpto pu!~Bo<br />
B inventa runt, inveniantur ex affumptis utcyque pun&is aliis<br />
b or p pun&a nova e, a, c,g3 & B, a, xj Y. Demde fi per G g, r<br />
ducatur circumferentia circuli Gg 7, fecans re&am TC in Z: erlc<br />
z locus.Cometa: in plano Ecliptlcz Et-ii in. AC, n C, u x capiantur<br />
A& df, c.G~, ipfiS CG, cg, XY refp$ve ~q~uales, 8.~ per<br />
pun&a $‘,f’.q ducatur circumferentia clrcuh Ff Q, iecaw yeaam<br />
AT in X5, erit pun&urn X alius Cometrz !OCUs in plan0 Echpticx.<br />
Ad pun&a x & Z erigantur tangenres latltudmu? Comets ad radios<br />
TX & Iz; & habebuntur loca duo Cometa In C)r*be proprio..<br />
‘Denique (per P~op.x~x. Lib, 1.) umbilico SB per loca Ala duo de-,<br />
ffcribatur Parabola, & haze erit Trajy,aoria$omet% &ES x<br />
con--
Be MUNtll Confiru&ionis hujus demonfiratio EX kemmatibus conb;=quitur :<br />
SVsTEhrhTe quippe cum rei% /IC fecetnr in E in ratione temporw~h per<br />
Lemma VU> ut oportet per Lem. VIII : 8.1 B E per Lcm. XT.<br />
iir pars r&33 .I3 S vel B t in plan0 Ecliptic32 arcui ABC &<br />
chords A E C interje&a j EC MT (. per Coral. Lem. x. ‘) Ion@--<br />
tudo fit chorda arcus, quem Cometa in Orbe proprio inter obkrvationem<br />
primam ac tertiam dekribere debet , ideoque ipfi<br />
MN zqualis herits ii modo B fit verus ~osnet;x: locus in plarm<br />
Ecliptiszc.<br />
Gzterum pun&a 23, b, P non CJ.UXlibet9 fed vero proxima eligere<br />
convenit. Si angulus A&!!, in quo vefiigium Orbis in<br />
plano Ecliptica dekriptum f&at re&am t& przterpropter innotefcat<br />
5 in an&o illo ducenda erit re@a occulta AC, ~LISZ fit<br />
ad g Tr in iitbduplicata ratione SRad St. Et agendo re?am<br />
SEB cujus pars EB zquetur longitudini VZ, determinabltur<br />
pun&urn B quod prima vice ufurpare licet., Turn re&a AC de-<br />
Eeta &z kcundum przcedentem csnfiruflionem iterum duea, 6-z~<br />
inventa
”<br />
PRINNCIPIA<br />
?ktYlTfEbn/lATnciti.<br />
4jT<br />
inprenta infiiper longitudine M-T ; in tB capiatur pun&urn 6,<br />
LfSftZ<br />
ea lege, ut fi TA, TC) k mutuo kcuerint in z fir difiantia r.h Tcc’~~u;~<br />
ad difiantiam TB, in ratione compofita ex ratione MT ad M.N’<br />
& rarione fubduplicara SB ad J IT. Et eadem methodo invcniendum<br />
erit gunEtutn tertium ,G, G mode operationem tercio repe-<br />
..tere lubet. Sed hat methodo operationes du;c ut plurimum iiaf-<br />
$kqxine. warn fi d.ifiancia I36 perexigua obvenerit; poffquam<br />
inventa fimt pun&a F,f & G, g, a&z re&h Ff S: Gg fecabuns<br />
T A Sr T C in pun&is qwfitis X & Z.<br />
Proponatur Cometa anni 1680. Mujus motum a FZazy?e&a<br />
obkrvkum Tabula fequens exhibet. ”<br />
1680 Dec. 12<br />
21<br />
24<br />
26<br />
29<br />
30<br />
1681 yand 5<br />
9<br />
IO<br />
.I3<br />
25<br />
30<br />
Feb. 2<br />
rt33.appar<br />
i’* 46’<br />
6.32$<br />
6.12<br />
5 ’ ‘4<br />
7*55<br />
8. 2<br />
5* 51<br />
6.49<br />
5 - 54<br />
6.56<br />
7 d-4<br />
8. 7<br />
“6iZO ,<br />
6.50<br />
Temp.vcrun<br />
a: q.b’* ;:<br />
6*36*59<br />
6.17~52<br />
5.20.44<br />
8. 3* 2<br />
8.10.26<br />
6. I.38<br />
7* OS53<br />
6. 6.io<br />
7- 8q.55<br />
7 •<br />
$8.. 42<br />
‘8.21 .53<br />
n Long. Solis<br />
-..__I_<br />
I vy &;.2j<br />
I’I. 6.44<br />
14. 9.26<br />
rb. 9.22<br />
19.19 •<br />
20.21. g<br />
26.22.18<br />
43<br />
LC 0.29. 2<br />
L-27143<br />
4.33 .fO<br />
-16.45.36<br />
21..453 e 58<br />
f*3405I 1 24-46.59<br />
Lonq. Colllet~~<br />
gr. *<br />
d 6.313;<br />
z 5. 7*38<br />
18.4g.10<br />
28.24. G<br />
Kr3.11.45<br />
‘7-39* 5<br />
r 8.49.10<br />
18.43.13<br />
20.40.57<br />
5”:;;:;5<br />
I3 eI9.36<br />
1 ~5 • 1 3 ’ $8.<br />
Lat. Comets<br />
g2rj*. A.<br />
21.45.30<br />
“5.23.24<br />
27 ’ 0. s7<br />
28.10. 5<br />
3X.11.12<br />
26.r5.26<br />
24.12.42<br />
23 .44.. 0<br />
22.17.36<br />
qe56.54<br />
16.40.57<br />
rd. 2. .2<br />
~15.27.23<br />
. .<br />
His adde Obkrvationes<br />
quafdam ‘e nohis.<br />
corn., Lat.<br />
12 gr*, • &,6’;j<br />
I2<br />
: ;$<br />
I.2<br />
I2 .20<br />
I2 . 3:<br />
II 945; I<br />
& Micrpmetro filifquibus<br />
infirumentis<br />
&
4E 6 E’E-IILosSOlP~IE NA~WRALIS<br />
i:,;PFi;,;h;,; 8.z poficiones ,fixarum inter fi & pohiones Cometaz ad fiXaS dcterminavimuo.<br />
Defignet A itellam in hifir calcaneo Perki<br />
( Bdyera 0 ) B fiellam fequencem in finifiro pede (Bayer0 ab hat reQa effet 2 CD. L M<br />
erat ad LB ut 2 ad p & prod&a rranfibat per fiellam EL<br />
dererminabanrur pofitiones fixarum inter k<br />
Die Vcneris I;eb. 27. St. vet. Her. 8f P. M. Comet3 in p cxiitencis<br />
diitantia a aella E erac minor quam 15 A E, major quam<br />
+ AE, adeoque zqualis ;4. AE proxime; & angulus Ap E nonnihil<br />
obtuiis erat> f2d fere reCtus. Nempe fi demitteretur ad<br />
PE perpendiculum tib A, difiantk Cometa: a perpendiculo iI10<br />
erat $p E.<br />
Eadem notie, hors p;, Comets in ‘2’ exifientis diilantia a Aella<br />
E era6 major quam ++ AE, minor quam ji AE) adeoque aqua-<br />
2<br />
! lis
\ P~~Nc~~ht.<br />
M~‘l33EAL4T~~,4.<br />
41 7<br />
lis<br />
rAE, f&l ;$ AE quamproxime. A pcrpcndicu\o autcnl a i.‘:,“i.‘,bs.<br />
fid~‘A adI se&an ‘BE demiffo, difiantin Comet- crrlt : ‘p lj;,<br />
De @is, FL& 27. IIOL 8: p, kf. c omers in fl cxiltew‘is cfifhltia<br />
a fklla 0 aquabat difianriam fteliarum 6x& ~1, k r.e:,y~,,<br />
2Jo produEta war&bat inter fiellas IC & B. Pofiti*ncm ilL~l~~s<br />
re&x ob nubes incervekentes, magis accurate d&nire 11ofl pot;j,<br />
t Die 6 tis, ikf& 13 hot-. 11. I?. M. Cometa in R exiltens, ficllis<br />
I’C & c accurate interjacebat, 2% re&22 CR fr’ pars &‘R pauP<br />
major erat quam $CK, 22 paulo minor quam f CfY+$CR,<br />
3deoque zqualis xx+*~, CR feu a+cI<br />
erat quinruplo major quam diitancia fiella: 5’. Itern reQa NS<br />
produ,Aa tranfibac inter fleIIas H &z I, quintuple vel fextuplo propior<br />
exifkiis fiellaz H quam trella .I.<br />
Die h xxi,, Mirt. 5. hor. T I;. P. M. Cometa exifiente in T:,<br />
re&ta ik?aP azqualis erat 4 ML, & reQa L T produQa tranfibat<br />
inter 6 & F, quadruplo vel quintuplo propior F quam B, auferens<br />
a 6 F quintam vel fixtam ejus partem verfiw F. Et MT:<br />
produ&a tranfibat extra fpatium BF ad partes fielk B, quadruplo<br />
propior exifiens fiellz B quam itelk .F. Erat M fiella pe!exigua<br />
qu3= per Telefcopium videri vix pocuit, & L fiella major<br />
quail nfagnitudinis oQavF.<br />
Ex hujdiiodi obfervatlonibus per confiru&iones figurarum k<br />
computationes (pofito quod ftellarum A & B difianria elkt<br />
7 gr* 6’, 46”) & flellx A 1oI~gi~udo 8 2Gg’* 41’. 50" & latitd
nibus hn&enus defcriptis cres, quas FZ~~,/feu'itts habuit ‘Dec. 21,<br />
$liL. j-3 (1:c,pn. 25. Ex his inreni St partium 9842,I ik Yt parrillm<br />
+55, cluales I oooo func femidiametcr Orbis magnil TUP<br />
ad opcracionem primam aiTumend0 tB partium 5657, inveni<br />
SB pi+;, BE prirun vice 412, SJJ 9503, in 413: BE fecunda<br />
vice +2x, Cl%> 10186, X 8528,4, 11dP 8450, i%ilN 847~~<br />
NP 2.f. Tfndc ad operationem kcundsm collegi difiantiam<br />
sb f6.f.O. Et per hanc’ operationem invcni candem diitantias<br />
TS 4773 &I TZ 11322. Ex quibus Orbem definiendo, inveni<br />
Nudes ejus dekendentem in E & af?endencem in w I 6’753’;<br />
JInclinationem plani eius ad planurn Ecliptics 61 gr* 2o’j 5 verticem<br />
eius (feu Periheiium Cometaj diftare a Nodo 8s’. 38’, &<br />
ci-k iI1 f 27 F’ 4;’ cum latitudine aufirnli 79’. 34’; k ejus latus<br />
I-efium ctTe 23~,& arenmque radio ad Solem duQo Gngulis diebus<br />
detiriprnm 33 585, quadrato femidiametri Orbis magni pofito<br />
zooocoooo j Cometam vero in hoc Qrbe fecundum feriern cgnorum<br />
procefliffe, & Drcemb. 8”. 0”. 4’. P. M. in vertice Orbrs feu<br />
Perihelio fuiffe. Hzx omnia per fcalam partium aqualium &I<br />
chordas angulorum ex Tab& Gnuum natul’alium colle&as, determinavi<br />
Graphice j confiruendo Schema fatis amplum, in quo videlicet<br />
kmidiamerer Orbis magni ( partium roooo) zqualis effet<br />
digitis 16f pedis Anglicani.<br />
Tandem UC conftaret an Cometa in Orbe Gc invent0 vere mo.=<br />
vcretur, collegi per operationes partim Arithmeticas partim Gra-<br />
~hicas, iocn Cometa in hoc Orbe ad obkrvationum quarundanx<br />
kmpo;a: uti in Tabula fequente videre licet.<br />
Difimt.Co- LongColleA, Lat. Coll&. Long. Obl.<br />
metx a Sole<br />
- --- .~~~ -- --<br />
LV.<br />
DEC. 12 2792 VP 6.33’ ST& I9 5 3I’f<br />
29 8.403 x 13 . 13; 28. 0 x13 III;<br />
liitv, j 1G669 8 17 . o I $ .2gf 8 16 $59;<br />
A&w. j 21737 29.19; 12. 4 23 • 209<br />
Lat. Obf. ?i&r. Differ.<br />
-_I--<br />
rL,ong. Lat.<br />
-<br />
28 +i.-+<br />
Io,Lz + 2 -1o;l;<br />
27: + 0 +- 22<br />
3$-r+ t<br />
Poka vero ~LI&~‘~~s nofcer Orbitam, per calculum Arithmeticum,<br />
accuratius deterfninavir quam per defcriptiones linearum<br />
&xi ficuit j & rerinuit quidem locum Nodorum in GTE & VP 1 IF f3’,<br />
& llnclinationem planiOrbitaz ad Eclipticam br 6’. 20/f, ut & tern--<br />
pus PeriheIii Comets Ik)ecemb. ad. oh, 4’ : difiantiam vero PeriheIii
~~~bKXh4<br />
MATMEMAT~c,A.<br />
4j3<br />
heK a NO& afcendcnte, in Orbita Oomerx mcnruratan~, invcnir<br />
1.:‘3T.1:<br />
Cffe 9@ 2o’a & LlltUS retitum J?arg,bo]g efl: 243 prrrtium, cs- ?‘i:r:rt!.r.<br />
Jfiente mediocri SOILS a Terra difiantia partium loooO. Et cs his<br />
datisJ caIcuIo itidcm Arithmecico accurate infiituco, ]oca ~~~~~~~~<br />
ad obfervationum cempora compuravir, nt fcequitur.<br />
Tempus verlll~, Dih~tia Long. camp. Lat. con1p. Er1o:e: in<br />
Cormtx a sg<br />
Long. Lit.<br />
d. i,. --<br />
Dec. 12, 4.48. b: 28028 w E,,.,, s”:.r;, a;‘Bor, -I’.+&.<br />
21 *<br />
6.36 *YP 6107~ % 5 . 6 .30 21 ,43. 20 -1. 81--2.*:<br />
240 6.17.92 70008 18.48.20 25.22.40 -0.50 - 0 .4+<br />
26. y.20.44 7s’s76 2S.22.4~ 27. 1.36<br />
29. 8. 3. 2 84021 Xl3 * 12.40 28. ILJ. ,o<br />
. 8.10.26 8666 I 17.40. f 2s.rr.m<br />
j%n. ‘i. ; . -i . 3s 101440 T 8.49.49 26.15.rf<br />
.<br />
IS .44.36 24.12.f4<br />
IO.<br />
•<br />
6.<br />
o-s3<br />
6.10<br />
IIO9.r 9<br />
113162 20 *41. 0 23.44* IO<br />
S-H 120000 26. 0.21 22.17.30 0.47 -0. G<br />
::: ::s* .+2 145370 8 g-33*40 ‘7*.c7*5)*<br />
30. S.21.53<br />
‘J-j-303 ‘3. 17.41 16.42. 7<br />
Feb. 2. 6.34*~1 IGog~’ 1g.r1.11 16. 4.ff -2.37 2 * 13<br />
5-O 7. 4-41 1666&6 ld.p8*2J 1f.2g.13 ,r.zr $ 1 .$O<br />
2j?. 8.19. 0 2OZf70 26.Ir.46 12.48. o -2.31 -+I. s<br />
Mav. j-.rr -21 . 0 2 r62oy 2g.18-35 IZ. f-40 -1.16 +z.,~<br />
*’<br />
Apparuic etiam hi6 Cometa menfe Novenabrt pracedente, &<br />
die undecimo hujus menfis fiylo vereri, ad horam quincam maIturinam,<br />
Cantwar in ArtgZk vifiis fuit in T 12: cum laticudine<br />
boreali 2 w circiwzr. CraflifIima fuit hzc Ubfervatio : meliores iirnr:<br />
qua2 fequuntur.<br />
NOV. 17, fi* vet. ~oz~tb~tis & ibcii hora fexta maturirla Rorrr~<br />
( id & , hors 5, IQ’ &w&zi ) filis‘. ad fixas apphcatis pometam<br />
obfervarunt in 3 8, so’, cum latitudine aufirali ogr- 40. Extant<br />
eorub Obfervationes in tra&atu qucm Tonth&tis, de hoc Cometa,<br />
in lucem edi&, C&Z.U qui aderat SC obfervatione? fklS in Lpicola<br />
ad 2). Caflngm mifit, Cometam eadem hora vrdit in ;r: 8 V*<br />
a~’ cum latitudink a&raIi ogre 30: Eadem hora GalZ&ilcs etiam<br />
Gometam vidit in e 8 gfi fine Iacitudine.<br />
NOV. 1~; hors matutina 6. 30’ Rmd (id & hors fs 4:’ &NdiPi)<br />
fpO@$,$~as .Cometam vi&t in c 1,~ g’* 30’ cum latltudme au:<br />
firal; I 6 2~3’. C&w in @ 13 gr* d? 9 cum laritudine aufiralz<br />
I IF- Qor. G&“&jas autem hOra matutlna ‘ie 30’ Rotif?, EFmjca$<br />
Vi& ia, gi 138” m~~4,<br />
cnm latitudine: aukall I grS 00. s .<br />
1<br />
Ango ‘in, A,---d&a F/&xiela/% apud Gdll~s,. Ilpra qujt1r.a matuM2<br />
(id CR,, llorlr 5, + dondjnj) Cometam vidlc in medlo lnCcf fiiI$<br />
Nnn 2
D 1' :-I~N ~1 cluas p;lrvas, q~~:~r~lfl~ utla media efi trium in re&a linca in Virgis<br />
Y 5 ?’ 1: ?J i\ ‘1‘ E<br />
nis nultrali manu, c3= altcra eft extrcma alx. Uncle Cometa tune<br />
fiiit in ~2 I 2. +d, CLIIII latitudine autlrali 50’. Eodfni die Bo-<br />
Jfu?z~‘s in &,‘oviz-~hzgZin in Latitudine 4rt graduum, hors quinra<br />
IlmutiI-~~, (id elt Lon&zi h ora mattatina 9. 44’ ) Comcta vilils<br />
co propc 2 14, cum Iatitudine au&raii L gr. 301, uti a CZ. H&L--<br />
li~ii, accepi.<br />
2bT.m. 17. hora mat. 4: rCl’nrz$ndaigr‘&3 Cometa ( obkrvante juvcwe<br />
yuodatn) difiabat a Spica YT quail 2 F’ Boreazephyrum<br />
verbs. E.odrm die liar. 5. m3t. Bo$3orZzt~c in iUoV6z~Angdia, Comorn<br />
difizbnt a Spica ‘3 ;5radu uno, di%crentia latitudinum exiilencc<br />
+I’. E o d em die in lnfula ydmnicn, Cometa diftabat a Spica<br />
incervnllo qwfi gradus units. tic ex his obkrvationlbus inter fk<br />
co!latis colligo, q~od horn p.+.+‘. Lozdizi, Cometa erat in ti 18 G+<br />
bo’, cum latitudine aufirali I gr* 18’ circiter. Eodem die D. Ar-<br />
T~;LFIL.F &tori'r ad fluvium Tdtuxent, prope *w@i?zg-Creek in ik%p-31-<br />
Land, in confinio PYrgin& in at. 38fg” hora quinta matlatin<br />
(id efi, hors 10% Lo,w!irzi) Cometam vidit fupra Spicam ‘g , &<br />
cum Spica propemodum conjun&um, exifkente diitantia inter eofdem<br />
quafi 2 6’~~ Obfervator idem , eadem hors diei GzqLlentis )<br />
Cometam vidit quail 2gL inferiorem Spica. Congruent hz obfervationes<br />
cum obfervationibus in Naun-Anglia & ydnaaica faQis><br />
G modo difiantiz (pro motu diurno Comets) nonnihil augeantur,<br />
ita ut Cometa die priore Superior efit Spica T, altitudine<br />
I gr. circiter, ac die pofieriore inferior eadem itella, altitudine perpendiculari<br />
3 gr* 40’.<br />
Nov. 20. D. Mon~ennw Afironomia Profeffor TDadtienjs, hors<br />
fexta matutina Yenniis (id efi, hora 5, IO’ Londinj) Cometam<br />
vidit in =1: 23 gr*, cum latitudine aufirali I gr- so'. Eodem die<br />
BoJonide, difiabat Comcta a Spica F?~ 4gr* longitudinis in or&-<br />
rem, adeoque erat in 2 23 gr. 24’ circiter.<br />
NW, 21. To~t/5ms S= focii her. mat. 7; Cometam obfirvarunt<br />
in ti 27 gr* fo', cum latitudine aufirali x gr* 16'; Ango Ilora<br />
quinta matutina in e 27gF* 4f, Molatenarr4.s in G 27 gr* 51’. Eodem<br />
die in lnfula Jamaicu, Cometa vifils efi prope principium<br />
Scorpii, eandemque circiter laritudinem habuic cum Spica Virginis,<br />
id efi, 2 gr* 2'.<br />
iYbv. 22. Comet2 viliis efi a Montenaro in IR 2. 33’. Bo$.I~~~<br />
autem in &wz-&gi.k apparuit in w 3 ~0 circiter, eadem fere<br />
cum llarisudiae ac prius, id efi, I gr* so'. Eodem die Landini,.<br />
1.<br />
IlOCl
hOl% 1313t. G? %~~~kifkf noflcr Comctam vidit in ril 3:~. .,Oi c.r- I,!::!.<br />
cites, idqLlC in liuea re&a quaZ traniit per Spicam Vircrinis k ‘1’L.i; 4 J ‘I-’<br />
Car Leonis, mm cxde quidem, ied a linea il/a pau]ulu~, dcfie-<br />
&entem ad boream. M~~tennr~~s itidem notavic quotd l;ilca :I<br />
Gmeta per Spicam duba, hoc die & fequentibus tran{ib;$t per<br />
au8rale Hiatus Cordis Leonis, interpofico pel.parlTo iiltervalfo irIcer<br />
. Cor Leonis & hanc Jincam. Linea re@a per Car Leonis &<br />
SpiCXIll Virginis tranfiens, Eclipticam f&it in q 3 gr. +6’, ifI alngulo<br />
2 w= 71'. Et G Cometa locatus fuiflet in hat ]ilje;l in 1;~ 1 R’.<br />
ejus laritudo ftiiiret 2 gr* ~6'. Sed cum Cometa ~oII~;o~~~~u~&<br />
Ho&~o 8z Montenaro, nonnihi! diftaret ab hat linea borean] veriis,<br />
Iaritudo ejus fuit pau10 minor. Die 20, cx obfervatiolle JJ~~?J~<br />
$t~~uri~ laricudo ejus propernodum zquabat latitudincm Sp& rq,<br />
erarque 7. u* 30’ circiter, Sr confkatientibus Hook& Nm~c~~~~-o &<br />
Angone perperuo augebatur , ideoque jam fknfibiliter major erat<br />
quam 1 gr* 3o’. Inter limites autem jam COnCkitutos 26’. 26’ &<br />
I gr* 3& magnitudine mediocri Iatitudo erit 16~. 58’ cireicer.<br />
.Cauda Csometaz, confentientibus Houkio 8c M'untenaro, dirigebatur<br />
ad Spicam y, declinans aliquantulum a Stella ifia, juxta Hoo,&w<br />
in aufirum, Juxta Montcnartim in boream j ideoque dcclinatio illa<br />
vix fuit knfibilis, & CaudaBquatori fere parallela exiftens, aliquantulum<br />
defk&ebatur ab oppofitione Solis boream verbs.<br />
NOV. 24,. Ante orrum Solis Cometa virus efl a Mu~~~~zaro<br />
Jn 14’ I 2 IS 52’, ad boreale latus re&-e quz per Car Leonis & Spicam<br />
Virginis ducebatur, ideoque latitudinem habuit paulo minorem<br />
quam _II 2 g!. 3 8’. ]E-lsc latitudo uti diximus, ex obfkrvationibus<br />
~o~tkr~ar;, &zgonis &, Nook& perpetuo .augebatuFj ideoque jam<br />
paulo.‘major erat, quam 1 g? ‘58’; & magnrtudine mediocri, abrque<br />
notabili errore, ftatui pot& 2 g’s 18’. Latitudinem TOT?~BU &<br />
&$‘&& jam decreviffe volunt, & c@u< & Ot@rvator in NQw-<br />
/B,fia eandem :fere magnitudinem retmulffe, fccl@t gradus unius<br />
ate1 ~U~i~~ cum ;cimifle.. Crafflores:iunt,lob~rvauones TUZG&& &I<br />
c~J/;;; cE prsf&im qua per Azimuchds & Aititudines capieban-<br />
Cur, Ut pz ea: G&?&i: meliores iunt ex qua per poliriones COmet-a:<br />
.ad fixis a. Mmtenam IJookio, Angon? & Obferv~core in<br />
flbea”;;4ngliq &*nbl~nunquafn a+Ton$h?o & Cetlio CUIlt fJ&Zj.<br />
,,,, ~a~ dbl]atis: Obfervationibus Inter ce, colliger! vidcor quad.<br />
cbmdta ihod m&fc.‘cir$um ,fere maximum d$$+fpfit~ iecanInm<br />
,EcIiptikab in n~.‘25. ~2, idque in an@o 3 w 1% qL~“m~roxIme.<br />
~~~ & Hgptegdygs @bitam ab Eehpt~ca m.aufirw% cribus faltcm.
4cz PHIEOSOPHI~ NA<br />
17 E M I”::,,1 tern gradibus declinaire dicit. EC cognita curfus pofitione, Ion-<br />
S Y i T !:! 5 .i“i‘<br />
I. gicudincs Comctaz ex obfervationibus colleAaz, ad incudem jar11<br />
revocnri poff‘unt ei melius nonnunquam dctcrminari, ut fit in .kqucntibus,<br />
Cellius Novemb. 17, obfervavit difiantiam Cometa: 2<br />
Spica IT, zqualem efi difiantix ejus a itella lucida in clexrra ala<br />
c orvi : & hint locandus efi Cometa in interfe&ione hujus circuli<br />
qucm Cometa motu apparente defcripfic, cum circulo maxirno<br />
qui a fixis illls duabus aqualiter difiac, atque adeo in ti 7”” 54’3<br />
cum latitudinc aufirali 43’. Przterea Monteww, Novemb. 20.<br />
hora kxta matutina Venetiis, Cometam vidic non totis quatuor<br />
gradi bus difIan tiam a Spica ; dicitque hanc difiantiam, vix zquafi<br />
difiantiam fiellarum duarum lucidarum in alis Corvi, vel duarum<br />
in ju La Leonis, hoc efi 3 gr- ?I 30’ vel 3 2’. Sit igitur difiantia<br />
Cometre a Spica 3 gr* 30’, -& Comer, locabitur in ti 22 gr* 46’, cum<br />
latitudine aufirali I gr* 30’. Adhac Mon~twwi, Novemb. a E, 22,<br />
24, & 25 anre ortum Solis, Sextante aneo quintupedali ad minuta<br />
prima & femiminuta divifo SE vitris Telekopicis armato,<br />
diitantias menfuravit Comerz a Spica 89’ z8’, 13 gr- IO’, 23 gra<br />
30’, & 28~” 13’: & has diitantias, per refraaionem nondum corre&as,<br />
addend0 longitudini Spica, collegir Gometam his temporibus<br />
fuiffe in ti 27”‘. 51’, nl 2gr* 33’, SL lzgr* $2' & nt IT&~* 4~'~<br />
Si difiantis ifla: per refraeiones corrigantur, & ex difiantiis corre&is<br />
difFerentiz longitudinum inter Spicam & Cometam probe<br />
deriven tur , locabitur Cometa his remporibus in e 27 gr* 52’,<br />
v. 2 gr. 36’, 9 I2 gr- 58’ 6-z 9 17 gr* 53’ circiter. %atitudines autern<br />
ad has longitadines in ,via Cometa= captas, prodeunt I gr- 45’><br />
1 gr- 'itI', 2 gr- 23’ & 2v 3L Harum quatuor obfervationum ho-<br />
1’3s matutinas Morztenarw non pofuit, Priores dua: ante horam<br />
fextamJ pofieriores (ob viciniam Solis) poft Gxtam fa&Eas<br />
videntur. Die zzJ ubi Cometa ex obkrvatione Mtwztenavi locatur<br />
in 1112 6’. 36, Hook& nok eundem locavit in w 3 P 30’<br />
UC i‘ipra. Montcnmtis in defe&u, Hook& in exceffu erraffe videntur.<br />
Nan-r Cometa, ex ferie obfervationum, jam fuit in Q 2 gr- 56’<br />
vel trl 3 gr* circiter.<br />
Obfervationum fuarum ultimam inter vapores 86 diluculum<br />
captam, Montmams fufpe&am habebat. Et CeZkz’~s eodem tempore<br />
(id elt, Novella. 2 5) Cometam, per ejus Altitudinem 6-z Azi..<br />
nruthum locavic in III 15gr* 47’, cum latitudine au&ah quaft gradtrs<br />
unius Sed cellitis obfkrvavit etiam eodem tempore, quad<br />
Conaeta erat in llinea re&a cum iteIla Irucida in dexcro femore<br />
Vir-
~S‘a,INCJPIA R/~A’THEMA:S:~CA, &q<br />
Virgillis 8~ cum Lance auhali Libr;P, & hat hea recat: viam tlIlr.c<br />
Cometx in 14 18gr~ 3G’. TOEV~~EZSS etiam eodem ternpore obfir- TE KTIU:<br />
vavib quad Cometa erat in refia tranfeunte per Chelam auarimm<br />
Scorpii & per fMam quz Lancem borealem fequitur: &<br />
hzc re@.a &cat viam comettr: in ?lt 166’. g,‘. Qbfirvavit ctiam,<br />
quad Cometa erar in reQa tranfeunte per IteIiam fupra Lancem<br />
auftralem Libra & fiellam in principio pecks fecundi Scorpii: &<br />
hw re&a kcat viam Cometa in 71117gr* 5+, Et inter longitudines<br />
ex his r&us Obkrvationibus fit derivaras, longitude mediocris<br />
elt ITI 17 IF* 42’, qu3e cum obfervacione MoatenaPi Catis.<br />
congruit.<br />
Erravit igitur ChlZ&s jam locando Cometam in 11 15 gr- 475<br />
per ejus Azimuthum & Altituciinem. Et fimilibus Azimuthorum.<br />
& AItitudinum obfervacionibus, Cellizs & Tontthm non minus<br />
erraverunt locando Cometam in tit 20 &, nt 24 diebus duobus.<br />
.Cequentibus, ubi fiella fixa: ob diluculum vix aut ne vix quidem. -<br />
apparuere. Et corrigenda Cunt 11~ obkrvationes per .additionem.<br />
” duorum :graduum, vcl duorum cum femifk.<br />
Ex omnibus ,autemOhfervationibus inter fe collatis & ad meridianum<br />
Lo&&i redu&is, colligo Cometam hujui’modi curfum.<br />
quamproxime defcripfifi.<br />
Temp. nied. fi. vet.<br />
A&g. 36d.. 1;. . xd<br />
17.17 . IO<br />
18.21 . 44<br />
19.17 . 10<br />
20.17 fere<br />
, 2 I . I 7 fere<br />
23 ,,17i fcre<br />
24 . r7$ f&-e<br />
26.18 . 00<br />
I Long. Cometa:<br />
I% I” . d<br />
‘1 2 • 52<br />
x8 * 40<br />
22 . 48<br />
27 * 52<br />
111 2 t $6<br />
12 , 58<br />
I7 • 53<br />
26vel 27gr*<br />
1 Lat. Come&<br />
ir.<br />
o .44Aufi.<br />
I. 0<br />
1 .I8<br />
1930<br />
I.45<br />
I .58<br />
2.20<br />
2 029<br />
2,4z<br />
Loca autem Cometazin Orbe Parabolic0 computata, ita fe, babent;<br />
verum DikCom. % @<br />
Long.<br />
camp+<br />
- 1<br />
Lat., camp.<br />
20.~6.y3 73012<br />
2s. 17. 5 64206<br />
1 01 54799<br />
18.4.1.50 1.17.30<br />
27’59*40 I *44-25<br />
Irlrj.rg.r5 2.21 ,.* 8
w4 PHILOS~I)HL!E NATURALIS<br />
DC RIUi:l31<br />
-‘,.I : Cotlgruunt igitur Obkrvationes Afironomica, tam menfe &-<br />
” ” LX1”‘rE wrnb~i quam menfibus quaruor fkquentibus2 cum mo,tu Comets<br />
circum Solem’ in Trajc&oria hacce Parabolica, atque adco unum<br />
& eundem Cometam fuiffe, qui menfk&uembri ad Solem defiew<br />
dit, & menfibus fequentibus ab eodcm afcendit, abunde confirmant,<br />
ut & hunt Cometam in Trajeeoria hacce ParaboIica dela-<br />
4um fuiffe quamproxime. MenG bus ZIecembri ) $%w~ario 3 Febmario<br />
& Martio, ubi Obfirvationes hujus Cometae funt fatis accuraw,<br />
congruunt eadem cum motu ejus in hat TrajeQoria, non<br />
minus accurate quam obfervationes Planetarum congruere folent<br />
cum eorum Theoriis. Menfe No&n6r~, ubi oblrervationes lint<br />
craffz, errores non funt majores quam qui cl;afitudini obfervationum<br />
tribuantur. Traje&o.ria Comets bis fkcuit planum Ecliptics,<br />
& propter,ea non fuit re&ilinea. Edipticam kcuit non in<br />
oppofitis cc& partibus, fed in fine Virginis & principio, Capricorni,<br />
intervallo graduum p8 circiter; ideoque curfus Cometas<br />
plurimum defle&ebatur a Circulo maximo. + Narn 4k menk Nowem6ri<br />
curfils ejus tribes Caltern ‘gradibus.ab Ecliptica in a&rum<br />
.declinabat, & poRka menlre “Decembri gradibus zp vergebat ab<br />
&liptica in. feptentrionem) partibus duabus Orb& in quibtis<br />
Cometa tendebat in Solem & redibat a Sole, angulo apparente<br />
graduum plus triginta ;2! invicem declinantibus, ut , obfervavit<br />
Montemzrus. Pergebat hrc Cometa’ per figna’ fere novem, a Virginis<br />
Micet duodecimo grad11 ad principium Geminorum, prz:-<br />
ter fignunl Leonis per quod pergebat aniequam videri coepit : &<br />
nulla alia extat Theoria, qua Cometa tantam Coeli partem motu<br />
$regulari percurrat. Motus ejus fuit maximc inzquabilis. Nam<br />
circa diem vigefimum -No~mbris, defcripfit gradus circiter quind<br />
que fingulis diebus* dein motw~ retardato inter Nocvemb. 26 8~<br />
Decenzb. 12, @at+ Ccilicet dierum qtiiridecim cum fkmiffe, defitipfit<br />
gradus tantum 40 ; pofiea vero ‘motu iterum accelerate,<br />
dcfcripfit gradus fere quinque hgulis diebus, antequam motus<br />
iterum retardari coepit. Et Theoria quz motui tam inaequabiii<br />
per maximam’coeli partem probe refpondet, quzque eafdem ob-<br />
&vat Ieges cum Theot;ia PianetBrum, & cum’ accuratis obfervationibus<br />
Afirorxomicis accurate congruit, non poreft non effe Vera.<br />
cometa tameti cub finem motus dekiabat aliquantulum ab hat<br />
TrajeBoria Parabolica verfus axem Parabolas, ut ex erroribus mi-<br />
.
i<br />
;’<br />
*<br />
_.<br />
_
liptic0 circullt Solan movebatur, [patio annorLIm plu~qualII q~&~<br />
L 1 li F. It<br />
&catar”n% qu~l~ltLl~l1 CX erroribus i&S judicare licuit, revolutio- ‘I‘ LIN I us.<br />
nem peragw.<br />
CiJ333W~ Traje~koriam Guam &meta defcripfit, & ~~~~~~~<br />
veram qua1-n fingulis in lock projecit, vifum efi annexo fc~chenIatc<br />
in piano Trajeeorirx: optice delincatas exhibere: C)bfervarionibus<br />
fC’eqUetltlbus in Cauda definienda adhibitis,<br />
L\Tpv* ‘7 Cauda gradus amplius quindecim Ionga ~onfbdo aypWl1t.<br />
NW. 18 Cauda 3ogro lollga, Solique dire&e oppofita 111<br />
N~va-.AcgZis cernebatur, k protendebarw uf?que ad ReIIam 6 ,<br />
(1UX! tUllc crat in ?P per* 54’. Non 19 in Mary-land cauda vih.<br />
fitit: gradus I 5 vel 20 1011g3. Z)CC,IO Cauda (obfcrvante I;la~$e&a)<br />
tranfibat per medium difkantiaz inter caudam fcrpentis Ophiuchi k<br />
Bellam 2 in Aquilx aufirali ala, & definebat prope fiellas A, &, b in<br />
Tabulis Bdyeri. Terminus @icur erat in VP 19$grm cum faticu&Ile<br />
boreali 34: 6’* circiter. CDN. 11 furgebat ad ulque caput Sagirtx<br />
(Bdycro, a, @,) dcfinens in w 26~” &3’, cum latltudine boreali<br />
38 gr* 34’. DEC, I z trnnfibat per medium Sagittz, net longe ultra<br />
protendebatur, definens in z 4P, cum laticudine boreali 42:~ circirer.<br />
lnteltigenda funr ~XX de longitudine caudaz clarioris, Namluce<br />
obfcuriore, irl c~lo forian ma@ fireno, caudaCDec. 12, hora 5, 40’<br />
Rorn~~ (r>bfervante “Ponth~o) ii3pra Cygni Uropygium ad gradus IO<br />
fek ixtulic j argue ab hat fiella ejus latus ad ~ccdiim & boream<br />
min. 4~ dcfiitit. Lata autem erat cauda $is dlebus gradus 3:, juxta<br />
,terminum {uperioretn, idcoquc medium ~&IS diltabac a Stella illa<br />
2 I2 35’ a&rum verfus, & terminus firperlor erae 111 M 22 gr* cunl<br />
?atitudinc borenli 6 x 6’~. Dec. 2 I furgebat kre ad cachedram L’&op,+d,<br />
;rqualiter difians a @ 8t $cbedir, Sr difiantiam ab utraquc<br />
djfialy& ear&y ab inviceny Equalem habens, adeoquc d&lens<br />
jn 3t 24, ~6 c~tm latitudinc 471 gr*. r~)ec. 29 rangebat Jkhetit fitam ad<br />
Gniaram, & intervallum fielkwum .duarum in pede boreali Atidr~m&d<br />
acc’~~rato complebat, & longa erat 5+B” adeoque, definehat<br />
in 8 z 9 w cum Iatitudine 3 5@9 J&G, 5 ret@ fieflam * 111 peaore<br />
&&ronaedd, ad latus finm dextrutn, F +ellam ru in ejus cinE$o<br />
ad Iatus Gnifirnm ; & (juxta QbkrvatlolIeS nofiras) loll@ em<br />
40 P-’ ; c’Llrva alItem crat sr: convexo Iatere fpe&abat ad a&rum*<br />
cum circulo per Solem Eh caput Cometa tranfeunte ?Wlum<br />
confecir gra&tunl 4 j,xta caput: COlYletx; at Juxt2 termmum a1-<br />
$erUm illc]jnabatur acf circUlum jllUm in ?ngulo X0 vf r I graduum,<br />
&: &or& caudg cum circuIo;lipo contlnebat angulum grad:;7<br />
0
I ‘)I: h,l v N LiI oc&(). yELi~. 13 CaLIda lute filtis fendibili ccrminabatur inter Alas<br />
YSTE”*iT’: adi”c.~, k A&Q~, ‘q l~lce tenuiOima dcfincbat c regione itelk H. in<br />
lacel-c Yfbp. ~);f~:mtia termhi caudx 3 circulo Solem & Gomeram<br />
ll-2 lgwre cr.lf 3 51, 50’, & inclinatio chords caud:z ad circulum<br />
1llurn i;:"? . fan. 25 & 26 lute tenui micabat: ad longitud~ncm<br />
~raduum 6 vel 7 ; k ubi co=lum valde ferenum erats luce<br />
r~,1uitfi&;~ EE ayerrime itnlibili attingebat longicudinern graduum<br />
duodecim Cs paulo ultra. Dirigebatur aucem ejus axis ad kucidanl<br />
in humero oricnt:lli Auriga accurate, adeoque declinabnt ab<br />
oppoficiollc Solis boream verfils in angulo graduum deccm. Del~ique<br />
B;;$, 1o Cnudam oculis armatis afpexi gradus duos lon-<br />
CPLlrtl. Nam lux przdifia tenuior per vitra non apparuit. ‘Pan-<br />
L%:PCS autem .F&. 7 k caudam ad longitudinem graduum 1 P<br />
vidiIk ii-ribit.<br />
Orbem jam defcriptum @e&anti & reliqua Cornet2 hujus Fhaznomerja<br />
in’ animo revolvenri, haud dificulrer confiabit quad corpora<br />
Comerarum fine folida, compafia, fka ac durabilia ad in-<br />
Oar corporum Planecarum. Nam ii nihil aliud effenc quam vapores<br />
vel exhalationes Terriz, Solis S= Flanetarum, Cometa hicce in<br />
tranlitu fuo per viciniam Solis fintim diOipari debuiffkt. Efi enim<br />
calor Solis UC radiorum deniitas, hoc efi, reciproce ut quadratum<br />
difiantiaz locorum a Sole. deoque CLW difiantia Cometaz a tenzro<br />
Solis ‘Decemb. 8 ubi in Perihelia verfabatur, effet ad difianoiam<br />
Terra a centro Sulk ut 6 ad IOOO circiter, calor Solis apud<br />
Cometam eo cempore erat ad calorem Solis azfiivi apud nos ut<br />
~oooooo ad 36, feu 280~0 ad I. Sed calor aquz.ebullienris edt<br />
quafi rriplo major quam calor quem terra arida concipit ad z&i-.<br />
vum Solem, ut expertus f’um: & calor ferri candentis (fi re&e<br />
conjeQor) quail triplo vel quadruple major quam calor aqux ebulkentis<br />
; adcoque calor quem terra arida apald Comctam in Perihelio<br />
verfincem ex radiis Solaribus concipere poii’er, cluafi 2000<br />
vicibus major quam calor ferri candentis. Tanto autem calore<br />
wapores & exhalatlones, omnifque materia volatilis fIatim confumi<br />
ac diGpari debuifint,<br />
Cometa igitur in PeriheIio fllo calGem immen~um ad Solem<br />
concepit , & calorem illum diurifime confervare potefi. Nam<br />
globus ferri candentis digitum unum latus, calorem [uum omnem<br />
ikatio horn unius in acre confiikens vix amitteretl Globus autem<br />
major caiorem diutius conkrvaret in ratione diametri, propterea<br />
quad fi~gerficies (ad cujus menfiwam per contaRum aegis ambientis
I<br />
fm% refrigeratur) in illa ratione minor efi pro qlItantitarc Ill;tca 1,: ?. x<br />
~iae ha: calidre inclufk ldeoque globus ferri calldcntis /laic ‘r~*’ : 6 is<br />
‘I’erra aquaIis> id efi> pcdes PIUS minus ~oocoooo ~a;Icljs, dicl>us<br />
totidem, & idcirco annis 50000, vix rcfrigefceret, Su+icor ramen<br />
q”od duratio Caloris, ob cauEls laterItes, augeatur iI1 nllnorc<br />
ratione quam ea diamerri: k optarim rationem veram per cxpcr:-<br />
menta inveltigari.<br />
Porro notandum elE. quad Comeca ~c~~re ~~~~~~~~~~~ ubi aEi<br />
Snlem modo incaluerat , caudam cmittebat longe majoren ZC<br />
fplendidiorem quam antea Menk iYVuw~h+, ubi perihclium nondum<br />
attigerar. Et: uk.vcrfalitcr caudz omnes maximn: e; fLllgcI”-<br />
tifl?mz e CorllcXiS oriuntur, fiacim pofi tratlfitu:n eorum i>er re$-.<br />
onem Solis. Conducit igitur calefaaCcio ~omera ad ~~a~niru~illem<br />
caudx. Et inde colligere videor quad cauda Ili]$l aliud tit<br />
quam vapor longe tenuifimus, quem caput f&2 ~cleu~ CQWX<br />
yer calorem hum emit&.<br />
Chterum de Cometarum caudis triplex efi opinio; cas vel jubnr<br />
eire Solis per tranflucida Cometarum capita propagatum, vel oriri<br />
ex refraeione luck in progreffu iphs a capite Cometll: in Terram,<br />
veI denique nubem efre feu vaporem a capite Comertl: jugiter<br />
{urgentem & abeuntem in partes a Sole aver&L Opinio prima<br />
eorum efi qui nondum imbuti funt i’cientia rerum Opticarum.<br />
Nam jubar Solis it1 cubiculo renebrofii non cernitur, nifi quatenus<br />
lux refle&itur e pulverum Sr fumorum particulis per aerem kmper<br />
volitantibus: adkoque in aere fumis crafioribus infefio fhn-<br />
&dius &, & ienfum fortius ferit; in aere clariore tenuius efr: &<br />
3zgrius fkntitur : in &is autem abfque mareria reflefientc nullurn<br />
effe potefi. Jiux non cernitur quatenus in jubare et?, f’cd quatmus<br />
i&e refle@--tur ad oculos nofhos, Nam vifio IIOII fit nifi per radios<br />
quiin acu]os impingunt. Requiritur igitur materia aliqua rcfie&kns<br />
in regione caudz , ne celum totum lute Solis illufiratum uniformiter<br />
fplendea t. Opinio fec.unda multis premitur difficulratibus.<br />
caudz nunquam varkgantur coloribus : qui tamen refratiionu?<br />
iblent ege comites infeparabiles, LUX Fiyarum Sz: Plalletaru? diainae<br />
ad no++ tranf’liffa, demonfirat medium c&efie nulla v1 refra@iva<br />
pollere. Nam quad dicitur Fixas ab &gyp!fzs comatas<br />
n!onnunquam vihs fuifi,<br />
id quoniam rarifflmc COntl~~@t~ d&ibendum<br />
ea Ilubium refra&ioui fortuitz. Fixarum quoque .radiatie<br />
& fcintillatio ad refraaiones turn ChXlorum turn Aerls tremn~i<br />
referend% funt: quippe quz admotis ocuh Tele~~~I?$~<br />
000 2 L
SJ~ MLJNIJ~ Wallehmt, Aegis & akendentium vaporum tremore fit ut radii<br />
~YSTEM*TJZ facile de anguilo pupilk {patio per vices detorqueantur, de latiore<br />
aurem v;tri objehivi apercura neutiquam. lndc efi quo&<br />
fcinti\/atio in priori calh generecur, in pofieriore aurem ceiret:<br />
B;S ccif>tio in pofleriore caPi demonfirat regularem tranCmiGonem~<br />
lucis per ce,.los abfque omni refraLhone knfibifi. Nequis contei-,dLat<br />
Ll:i()d C~LK!X non fokant videri in Curneck cum eorum lux,<br />
paon cr] faris fortis, quia twnc radii iecundnrii non habent fitis vi-<br />
I-ium ad oculos mowndos, & propterea caudas %‘ixarum ncan cerni :<br />
ccieladum efi quad lux Fixarum plus centum vicibus augeri poteiac<br />
rnedianaribus Telekopiis, net tamen caudz cernuntur. Planera-<br />
JXJ~I] qutique ILW copiofior efi, caudze vero nuke Comet= autem<br />
Ikpe caudatifllmi Cht, ubi capitum lux tenuis eti & valde obtuca:<br />
fit enim Cometa tanni 1680, M&e DecembTi, quo tempore caput<br />
]uce ha vix zquabac dtellas fecundz magnitudinis, caudam<br />
emittebat Cplendore notabili ufque ad gradus 4~ 50, GO loalgitu$~n~s<br />
& ultra: pofiea JLW. 27 & 28 caput apparebat ut fiella<br />
feptlms rnncum magrlitudmis , cauda vero lucc quidem pertcnui,<br />
fed Otis ienfibili longa erat 6 vel 7 gradus, Sr lu~e obkuritlima,<br />
quz cerni vix poffet, porrigebatur ad gradum urque duodecimurn<br />
vel paulo ultra: ur fiipra di&tum efi. Sed & F&. p & IO u bi<br />
caput -nudis oculis videri defierat, caudam gradus duos longam<br />
per Tclefcopium contemplatus film. Porro fi cauda oriretur ex.<br />
refra&ione materiaz ccelelh, & pro figura ccelorum defl.e&eret,ur<br />
de Solis oppofitione, deberet deflexio illa in iifdem cozli regionibus<br />
in eandem femper partem fieri. Atqui Cometa Anni IQ~O<br />
‘Becmb. 28, hora 85 P. M. Landini, verfabatur in x 8~~. 4~’ cum<br />
latitudme boreali z8fir* 6: Sole exifknte in VT 18gr- z6’, Et Cometa<br />
Anni I 577, DC. zp verkbatur in 3f 8gr. +I' cum lathdine<br />
boreali 28 gr- 40'~ Sole etiam exiitente in VP I 8 gr* 26' circiter.<br />
Utroque in cafii Terra verijbatur in eodem loco, & Co..<br />
meta apparebat in eadem coeli parte : in priori tamen cak cauda<br />
Comet% (ex meis & aliorum Obfervationibus) declinabat angulo,<br />
graduum 45 ab oppofitione Solis aquilonem verbs; in pofieriorc<br />
vero (ex Obfervarionibus Z(ychmis) dechatio erat graduum<br />
21 in auhum. lgitur repudiata ccelorum refraQione,.<br />
bilperefi ut Fhnomena Caudarum ex materia aliqua refle&ente<br />
deriventur.<br />
Caudas autem a capitibus oriri & in regiones a Sole averfis<br />
akendere confirmatur ex legibus. quas obG-ervant, WC quad in<br />
planis
PIUNCIPIA ~EMATXX. $9<br />
planis ChiiLlm Cpmetarufn per Solcm trankuntibus jacentes, de- ~~~~~~~<br />
viant Clb Op~OGtlOnC SolIS 111 cas hnpcr partes, quas capita in TERT[U-L<br />
@+ibus illis progrcdlcntia rehquunt, Quad @e&tori in his<br />
yhis oanititllto apparelIt in partibus a Sole dir&e averfisj dis<br />
grediencc. autCIll f@Qatorc de his planis, deviatio paulatim iknfitW,<br />
SC iudics nyparet major. C&d deviatio czteris paribus<br />
minor cfi ubi cawh obliqtlior cfi ad Orbem CO1netx, uc 8~ ubi<br />
l.XlpUt COllletLC ad. SOl~[ll prOpiLlS accedit j prxfcrtim fi $f-&ctur<br />
deVi~ltioI.Iis allgLliUS jLlXta caput Cometz:. Pr;rterea quad caild;r:<br />
plan deviantes appnrwt w&i?, dcviantes aurcm incurvantur, Qllod<br />
CUTV~;~EUIYL rnaj~r et-k. ubi major efi deviatio, &. magis fenfibilis ubi<br />
cauda cztcris paribus lor~gior efi: nam in brevioribus curvatura<br />
regre animadvcrtitur+ Qod dcviacionis angulus minor efi j,xta<br />
caput @omct;er major juxta caudaz extremitatetll alteram, atque<br />
adco q~xod cauda CO~VCZXO fui here partes re@icit a qLlibus fit.<br />
deviatio, quzcque in rcEt-a hnt linen a Sole per caput Comet= i.n<br />
infinitu111 du~ta. Et q”od caudz ~I.LE prolixiores hunt k latiores,<br />
‘& lucc vegctiol*e micant, fint ad latera convexa p&o f+lendidiores<br />
& lirnitc minus indifiin&o terminate quam ad concava.,<br />
Pendent: igitur Phznomcna caudz a motu capitis, non autem a.<br />
regionc cceli in qua caput con~picitur ; & proptcrea non fiunc per<br />
~fdlkm3 t20210rum cccl a capite fuppeditante materiam ori-:<br />
untur. JEtenim ut in Aere nofiro fumus corporis cujufvis igniti-g<br />
petit fhpcriora, idquc vel perpendiculariter ii corpus quiefcat,<br />
vel oblique fi corpus movcatur in Xatus: ita in Cc&s uti corpora,<br />
gravitallt j1-1 S&m, Fumi St vapores afcendere debent ;.Sole (uti<br />
Jam di&um efi) & hpcriora vel r&a petere, fi corpus fumans,<br />
quiefcic s vel oblique, fi corpus progrediendo loca kmper ,deferit.<br />
a quibus fllperiores vaporis partes akenderant. IZF obliqultas $a.<br />
millor Grit: ubi afcenfus vaporis vcloctor &I: nimlrum In Vlcfllld<br />
Solis & juxta corpus FU~n~lX~ Ex obliquitatis autem diverkate<br />
incurvabitur vaporis columna : & quia vapor in columnrx: latere.<br />
prscedcate paulo recelkor efi9 ideo etiam is ibidem aliquanro<br />
deilfiar erit, Jucenlque propterea copiofius rcfle&eh & lirnite miaus<br />
indifiin&o tcruhabitur. De Caudarum agitionlbus fubita-,<br />
ncjs & inccrtis, deque earurn figuris irregularibus~ quas nOnfiUlh<br />
quandoque dekribuut~ hit nib11 adjicio; propterea quad vel a,<br />
mutarionibus Aeris nofiri, & lnotibus nubium caudav aliqua ex+<br />
parte obfiuramium orianty 5 vel forte a partibus Vi32 La&te;c,<br />
qug CurII c3udis pr~tcrewnthls conhndi plant,. ac tanguam W*<br />
Vapprum<br />
partes fpC&Wi+
~-<br />
q. - 3<br />
t’ L P~--IIEOSOPWIX NATURALIS<br />
I’ 1 ?* \ t 4 >,‘i> 1 1’2porcs autern, qui f-patiis tam irnmenGs implcn,dis G.~uflficial:r,<br />
.: ’ - ’ “‘.’ I“ cx C~omccnrum Armol-ph~ris oriri pore, intelligetur cx Raritan<br />
Act-is nofiri, Nam Acr juxta fiperficiem Terrs i@tium occupaC<br />
c]u;lii S $0 partibus majus quam Aqua ejufdem ponderis, idzoquc<br />
Acris columna cyllndrica pcdes 8~0 alta, ejuklem efi ponderis<br />
a:um AC~UX columna pedali latituclinis cjui‘dem. Columna autem<br />
/Icris ad ~i~nmmitatcm /Itmoiphzr:tz aKurgens ~ztqua~ pondere iiso<br />
colum~am thqus pcdes 33 altam circiter ; Sr propterea fi col~m-<br />
112 torius Acrcx pars inferior pedum 8fo altitudinis dematurr<br />
pars rcliqw Ciperior squabit pondere Cue columnam Aqua altam<br />
pedes 32. lndc vcro (ex HypctheG mulris experimentis confirmata,<br />
quod compreilio Aeris iit ut pondus Atmofphazrz incaambentis,<br />
quodque gravicas fit reciproce ut quadraturn diflantia Pocorum<br />
a centro Tcrraz) cornputationem per Corol. Prop. XxIE.<br />
Lib. II. incundo, inveni quad Acr 9 fi aicendatur a fkperficie<br />
‘Ferrz ad alritudinem i&midlametri unius terrefiris, rarior Gc quam<br />
spud nos in ratione longe majori, quam fpatii omnis infra Orhem<br />
Saturni ad globum dlametro digiti unius dckriprum. ledeoque<br />
globus Aeris noltri digitum unum lacus) ea cum raritate<br />
quam ha beret in altitudine femidiametri unius terreltris, impleree<br />
omnes Planecarum regiones ad ufque iphzram Saturni & Ionge<br />
ultra. Proinde CUM Aer adhuc altior in immeslfiun rarekat; 8~<br />
coma feu Atmofphtura Cometz, akendendo ab illius centro, quail<br />
dccuplo altior iit quam fiperkics lluclci, deinde ca,uda adhuc<br />
alcius aicendat, debebit cauda effe quam rarifima. Et quamvis><br />
ob longe crafflorem Cometarum Atmof’hazrams magnamque corporum<br />
gravitationem Solem verfus, & gravitationem particularum<br />
Aeris Sr vaporum in Ce mutuo, fieri poffit ut Aer in fpatiis<br />
ccelefiibus inque Cometarum caudis non adeo rarekat; perexiguam<br />
tamen quantitatem Aeris & vaporum:, ad omnia illa caudarum<br />
Pht~nomena abuude fufficere, ex hat computatione perfpicuum<br />
cit. Nam & caudarum infignis raritas colligirur ex afiris<br />
per eas cranflucentibws. Atmofpbara terrefiris Iuce Solis @Iendens,<br />
craflicudine ka paucorum milliarium, k afira omnia & ipfim<br />
Lunar-n obfcurat & extinguit penitus: per immenram vero<br />
caudarum crafitudinem, lute parker Solari illuflrntnm, aRra nainima<br />
abfque-,claritatis detriment0 tranflucere nofcuncur. E\JHp~<br />
major. etle folet caudarum plurimarum Splendor, quam Aeris nofkri<br />
in tenebrofb cubiculo latitudine digici unius duorumve, lucem<br />
Solis in ,jubare refle&entis. .,.
Q1.0 temporis @ati0 vapor a capicc ad terminum calldz afccnw 1<br />
dir, wgnoki he pot& duccndo re&m a tcrlnino cauda 3d saw *I’ !‘#: ;I)<br />
JelX, (s; rmtando lOCULl ubi reQa ilIa r~rajeL~“rian~ fccAt, Nam<br />
vapor in tqnlino cmd;r, fi refki afcelldar a sole, al:cnderc cCCPix<br />
a capice CjluO rempyre caput erat in loco interik&io~lis, ri~ vnpGr<br />
non reBa akendic ZI Sole, kd motum Comct;-u, quem ante a+rafun-r<br />
ilium J=bebar, retinendo, 8r cum nzotu arcclafL]s Gli cL1ilC~CIll<br />
componendo, afcendit oblique. f_Tnde verior erit Probtcmnt~s<br />
fulu~io~ ut reEka illa quz Orbem fecat, parallela fit longitudini<br />
cauck, vel potius (ob muturn curvilineum Cometx) ut c&m a<br />
linea caudz divergat. k-h patio invcni quad vapor qui crac in<br />
termino caudlz: yan. 2~~ akendere cozperat a capite ante ~DPC. 11,<br />
adeoque afcenfu iilo toro dies plus 47 confim~pkr~~t. At cauda<br />
i1l.a omnis quz “Dec. IO apparuit, afcenderat fpatio c&rum illarum<br />
duorum, qwi a tempore Perihelii Comertr: elapii fucraa~,<br />
Vapor igitur fub initio in vicinia Solis cclerrime afcendebat, &<br />
paitea CUM motu per gravitatem Guam f&per retardate afcendere<br />
pergebat 3 8r afcendendo augebat longitudinem caudz : cauda<br />
.autem quamdiw apparuit ex vapore fere omni corkbat qui a<br />
ternpore Perihetii afcenderat j & vapor) qui primus akcndit, &<br />
:ce’minLlm caudk compnfi~ir, nan prius evanuit quam ob nimiam<br />
fuanl tam a Sole illufirante quam ab oculis nofir& difiantiam videri<br />
defiit. Unde &am cauds Comcrarum diorum qUZ breves<br />
.funt, non a&?cendunt motu celeri & perperuo a capitibus 8~ mox<br />
evanefcunt, fiid funy: permanentes vaporurn 8~ exhakionum COlumnz,<br />
a capitibus lentiffkm multo~um dierum motu prqagat%<br />
‘PuE, partdcipando motum illum capltum quem habucre fub initiop<br />
per c(x\o~ una cum capitibus moveri pergum. Et $nc ry-iis Cdligitur<br />
fpatia caleeia vi refiftendi deltitui; ntpote In quibus nap<br />
folum folida Planetarum & Cometarum corpora) fed ctkm rar$<br />
Fiji c-u&rum vapores moEus fuOS VdOCifimCB bXri~~ p’ragullE<br />
ac diuti@me ecdervanc.<br />
Afcenfum caudarum ex Atmof’phyris capitum & progrefium in<br />
partes a Sole ayerfas Keplerzts afcriblt a&ion1 radiorum * lucis mareriam<br />
caudae fecum rapicntium. Et auram Iongc tenu&knam 111<br />
fpatijs 1iberrimi.s a&ioni radiorum cedere,. non eit a fatior,! .prorfis.<br />
alienu,m, non obelante quod fubfiantr3: crarz, m~pedmGiml.s<br />
in regiwibus noi’ris, C 1 radiis Solis Cenfibiliter propel11 nequeant,<br />
Al& particulas tam leves quam graves dari PO@ ~~~~~~~~e~<br />
- nqateriam cau&gwn kvitare, perque kvltatem fuam<br />
derc,
‘i)~ nlusnl derea Cum autem gravitas corporum terrehium -iit ut materi:u.<br />
S~STLXATE .<br />
,m corporibus, ideoque<br />
I<br />
krvata quanticate materlz mtendi & re-<br />
.mitti nequeat , iiafplcor afcenfum illum ex rarefa&ione materi<br />
caudarum potius oriri. Akendit fumus in camino impulfu Aeris<br />
,cui innatat. Aer ille per calorem rarefaQus akendit, ob diminutam<br />
fuam nravitatcm fpecificam, SC fumum implicatum rayit k-<br />
~CUlll, Quihdni cauda Comets ad eundem modum akenderit a<br />
Sole? Nam radii Solares non agitant Media qu:r permeant, nifi<br />
in reflexionc ik refraQionel articulaz refleaentes ea a&one calefa:dQz<br />
caleElcient auram zetheream cui imphcantur. Jlla calore iibi<br />
communicate rarefiet 3 & ob diminutam ea raritate gravitatena<br />
[ilam Cpecificam qua prius tendebat in Solem, akendct &C kcum<br />
rapjet particulas refletientes ex quibus cauda componirur : Ed<br />
afcenfijm vaporum conducit etiam quad hi gyrantur circa Solem<br />
& e;l a&.ione conantur a Sole recedere, at Sob Atmofphxra ,&<br />
-mat&ia calorum vel plane quiekit, vel Pllotu folo quem a Solis<br />
rotatione acceperin t9 tardius gyratur. Eke filnc cauh afccnfus<br />
.caudarum in vicinia Solis, ubi C.hbes curviores iunt, & Cometx<br />
intra denfiorem 8~ ea ratione graviorem Solis Atmofphzram confiltunt,<br />
& caudas quam longiff’mas mox emitrunt. Nam cauda:<br />
,quz tune nafcuntur, conhvando motwm fimm & interea verbs<br />
Solem gravirando, movebuntur circa Salem in Ellipfibus pro<br />
more capitum, Sr per motum ilium capita fernper comitabuntur<br />
& iis liberrime adhxrebunt. Gravitas enim vaporum in Solem<br />
non magis efficiet ut caudaz pofiea decidant a capitibus Solem ver-<br />
.&us, quam gravitas capitum efficere podit UC ilax decidant a caudis.<br />
Commuaai gravitate vel fimul in Salem cadunt, vel fimul in<br />
afienfil &JO recardabuntur ; adeoque gravitas illa non impedit,<br />
.quo minus caudz St capita pofitiollem quamcunque ad invicern a<br />
caufis jam defcriptis, aut aliis quibukunque, facillime accipiant &<br />
goitea liberrime fervent.<br />
Caudx igitur qux in Cometarum eriheliis nakuntur, in regiones<br />
longinquas cum eorum capitibus abibunt, & vel inde poit:<br />
longam annorum kriem cum iifdem ad nos redibunr, vel potius<br />
,ibi rarefa&x paulatim evanefcent. Natn pofiea in dekxnTu capigum<br />
ad Solem cauck Y-IOVZ breviukulx lenro motu a capicibus<br />
unt, & fubinde, i heliis Cometarum illorum<br />
mofplzram Solis ndunt, in immenfium aunim<br />
in i’patiis illlis liberrimis perpetuo rarekit ac<br />
a ratione fit ut cauda omnis ad extremitatem hpesiorem
_<br />
riorem latior fit quam juxta caput Cometx, Ea autem rareE&i- LlkSltN<br />
Olle V~~~iTlll pClJX~U0 dilatatum difFufl& tandem & fpargi per Tr;aTIus.<br />
CO%S unlverfh delndc paulatim in Planetas per gravitatenl fuam<br />
atdli 8~ CLUI~ CO~LIIII Atmofpha~is mifceri, rationi confentaneum<br />
videtllr. J?Janl q~~emadmodum Maria ad ConfiitLJcionem Tcrr;c<br />
hujus 0EDnino requiruntur ) idque ut ex iis ‘per cal~rem Solis vat-<br />
Porch capiofi hki cxcit@ntur, qui ~1 in nslbes co&i d&&rlt<br />
in plaviis, 8~ ~CITW~ O~IIPIC~II ad pr.ocreationem vcgccabilium irrigent<br />
St IlLIWi~llt: j ~1 if1 fri$idis montium verticibus condenfati<br />
( ut aliqui cum ratione philofophantur > decurranc in fontes &<br />
flumim : fit ad confcrvationem marium Sr: humorum in J?~~~~I$,<br />
requiri videntnr C.bmetx~ ex quorum exhahtioylibus 8~ vaporibus<br />
condeni~tis, quicquid liquoris per vegetationem & putrcfa&ionein<br />
confumitur & in terrarn aridam convertitur, continu0<br />
fippleri & r&i poflk, Nam vegctabiiia omnia ex liquoribus<br />
omnino crefcunt, &in mag%a ex park in terram aridam per pu4<br />
trcfa~ionem abcunt, & Iimus cx liquoribus putrefX2is perpetuo<br />
decidit. Him n~oIes Terrx arid% indics aagecur, & liquores, nifi<br />
aliundc augmcntum fi~merent, perpetuo decrekcre deberent, ac<br />
tar&m deficcre. Porro fufpicor Spiriturn illurn, qui Aeris nofiri<br />
pars minima efi fed fubtiliffima SC optima, & ad rerum omnium<br />
vitam reqniritur, cx Cometis prz3zipue venire.<br />
Atmo~phazr~ Comerarum in dekccnfil eorum in Solem, e&wrend0<br />
in caudag diminuuntur, & (ea certe in parte quz Solem<br />
refpicit) angufiiorcs redduntur : & viciffim in rcceiru eorum a<br />
Sole, ubi jam minus excurrunt in caudas, ampliantur ; ii mod0<br />
Phanomena eorum EL~ve,?iziGs rc&e notavir, Minimrr: autem apparent<br />
ubi capita jam modo ad Solem calefa6kt in caudas maximas<br />
& fulgexatifimas abiere, & nuclei fumo forfin crafiore & nigriore<br />
in AttnoCphzrarum partibus infimis circundantur. Nam fllmus<br />
omnis jngenti ealorc excitatus, craflior & nigrior effe fokt. Sic<br />
caput Comets de quo egimw in zqualibus a Sole ac Terra diflantiis<br />
Obfcurius apparuit pa,@ Perihelium fuum quam anten.<br />
h/fenfe &im ~)yem.& cum fiellis tertk. mae;nitudinis conferri Cole-<br />
bat,. at JJ&ZYI~P: i+Gmwalz~i am fkllis prima: & ficund=* El: qui<br />
u.tramq+klc viderant, majorem dekbunt Cometam priorem. &/am<br />
Javcni cui&m ~~fl*&~@+fly?, Nowemb. rg, Cometa l-&e he .fk .<br />
quantunlvis plumJ>ca, & obtufar zquabat Spicaln Virgin& 8~ clarius<br />
micabar quam pofiea. EC “D. $tarer literis qua: in manus no-<br />
fi,ras -&i&r@, fcripfir caput ejus Menk Decemdri, ubi caudam<br />
PPP<br />
I-LllaXl-
474 FHILOSOPHI~ NATURALIS<br />
116 ~~IJ~:DJ maximam & f+cntifGmam emittebat, parvum efi & magnitu-<br />
SrSTE’SIATEdine vifibili longc cedere Comer;L, qui Menfe ~ovrrwbri ante<br />
Solis ortum apparuerat. Cujus rei rationem eKe conje&abatur,<br />
quad materia cayi s iiib initio copiofior CfGt, & paulatim con-<br />
Eumercrur.<br />
Eodem @e&are vidctur quod capita Cometarum aliorum, quB<br />
caudas maximas & fulgentil’knas emikruot, apparuerinc hbobfcura<br />
& exigua. Nam Hnno 1668 A!i~~rt. y, SC. nov. hors kptima<br />
vefpertina R. P. Vahtz’nus EJZa~xi~~s, B~Lz$Z& agcns, Cometam<br />
vidic fjorizoiiti proximum ad occahm 5011s brumalem, capiee<br />
minim0 12 vi:: com~pkuo , cauda vero fupra modum fulgente, ut<br />
ftantes in littore ipecicm ejus e mari reflexam facile cernerenr.<br />
Speciem utique taabebat trabis fjlenden tis longitudine 23 graduum,<br />
3b occidente in auhum vergens, & Horizonti fere para-<br />
Ma. Tantus autem fplendor tres iblrum dies durabat> fibinde<br />
llotabiliter decrekens; 6--z interea decrefiente fplendore autia efi<br />
rnagnitudinc cauda. Unde etiam in CYort~~gaZZikz quartam ferc<br />
co$ partem (id ef?, gradus 4-5) occupaffe dicltur, ab occidente in<br />
oricrltetn fplendore cum infigni protenfa; net camen rota apparuits<br />
capitc kmper in his regionibus infra Horizontem delitekente.<br />
Ex increment0 caudz Sr decremento fplendoris manifefium efi<br />
quad cayut a Sole recefk eique proximum fuit iilb initio3 pro<br />
more Cometz anni 1680. Et fimilis legitur Cometa anni I 101<br />
vel 1106, c~jjus SteZZu erdt psrva & obfcwa (ut iile anni 1680)<br />
fed /phk.hr qui ex en exivit valde chw & qz/afi ingens trabs &<br />
Urie~2tsna & Aqdomm tendebat, ut habet HN.VZ~MS ex $jmesne<br />
BzlngZmenJ Monacho. Apparuit initio Nerds Februarii, circa ye--<br />
fperam,ad occahmSolis brumalem. Me vero 8~ ex fitu caud~t:~lligitur<br />
caput fuiffe Soli vicinum. A So& inquit Matchzus Parifienfis,<br />
d$nbat qu+$cubito 8%oJ tib bar& tertia [re&ius lexta] z$<br />
p-de ad hordna nonum rudium ex fe ZOB~UVI emittem. Tabs etiam<br />
erat ardentlflimus ilk Cometa ab A$?otek defcriptus Lib. 1.<br />
Mereor. 6. CY+S capz& prim0 die non conf~eLi%m efl, eo quad ante,<br />
So/em veZ J&m fkb radiis /olaribw occidzret, Jequente vero die<br />
q~~anturn pot&t v%~z~m ej?. Nam qwm minima jeri potep d@unti&:<br />
So/em retiqtiit, & rnox occubzcit. Ob nimiwn ardorem fcauda: fcilicet]<br />
nondtim appdrebat capitis fparfk ignis, fed procedentc tem..<br />
poye (ait Arifioreles) c24m LcaudaJ jam miniw $zgrdret, red&t&.<br />
6~~9 [capiti] Cometi fura fkies. Et Jphzdorem /hm ad tertiam<br />
g&we c&i pardem [ id. efi, ad Go g'*] extendit, AppdrtiiZ uz4tema<br />
temp0;rf
A.7 c I, J<br />
Diximus Cometas en^e genus Planetarum in Orb&us valde cc-<br />
4zentricis circa Solem revolventium. Et quemadmodum e PlanetiS<br />
non caudatk, minores effe folent qui in C)rbibus milloribus &<br />
Soli propioribus gyrantur, fit etiam Cometas, qui in Periheliis<br />
filis ad Solem propius acccdunt, ut plurimum minores eae, nc<br />
Solem attrakkione fua nimis agitent, racioni confentaneum videtur.<br />
Orbium vero tranfverf% diametros & revolutionum tempera<br />
periodic+ ex collatione Cometarum in iifdem Orbibus pofi longa<br />
temporum intervalla redeuntium, determinanda r&quo. lnterea<br />
huic negotio Propofitio kquens lumen accendere potefi.<br />
PROPOSI’I’IO XLII. PROBLEMA XXII.<br />
~per. I. Afilmatur pofitio plani TrajeQoriz, per Propofitio-<br />
@j * zlern fuperiorem Craphice inventa ; & feligantur tria loca Cometa:<br />
-c,. obfervationibus accuratifimis definita, & ab invicem quam maxime<br />
difian tia 5 fitque A tempus inter primam & fecundam, ac<br />
B tempus inter kcundam ac tertiam. Cometam autem in.eorup<br />
,&quo in Perigao -verfari convenit, vel @tern .non longe a Pengao<br />
abeffe. IElx his locis apparentibus nwenrantur, per operaP<br />
tiones Trigonometricas, loca tria vera Comet32 in aGmpt0 ill0<br />
plan0 TrajeBorie. Deinde per loca illa inventa, circa centrum<br />
Solis ceu umbilicum , per operatianes Arithmeticas, ope Prop.<br />
XXI, l[,ib, I, infiitutas, dekribatur Se&i0 Conica : 8-z ejus are%><br />
radiis a Sole ad loca inventa du&is termiuatz, ft1ut.o D 8~ E;<br />
nempe D area inter obkrvationem primam & fkcundam Y Sr E<br />
area inter fecundam ac tertiam Sitque T tempus totum quo<br />
area tot-2 D-+l& velocitate Comets per rap, XVI. Lib. 1. inventa,<br />
defcribi debet.<br />
Oper. 2. Augeatur longitudo Nodorum Plan! Trajebork additis<br />
ad lon&udinem illam 20’ vd 30’~ HUE +~antur p; & firgetilr<br />
plani illius inclinatio d planunl Eclrptlcat Deinde ex<br />
prz==<br />
.PP 2
(Jpfr. 3, Servefur kongicudo Nodorff m in opemtiom2 prima, &<br />
augeacur inclinatio Phi Trajetiorix ad planurn Eclipticaz, additis<br />
ad itlclinlationem illam 20’ ~1 30’2 ~LW dicamtur Q, Deinde<br />
ex obi:rvatis yr;rdi&is tribus Comets locis apparentibus, hve-<br />
~~&:rur jJ1 hoc novo Plans loca rria Vera, Orbiii~uc per loca<br />
.dh erdkns 9 ut & ejufdem arex duz inter obfkrvncioncs dei‘criycx,<br />
qw &It S 4% e, & tcmpus rorum T quo area tota S-/-E<br />
dehibi &beat.<br />
Jam B”at C ad P ur A. ad B, SC 6 ad P ut D ad E, kg ad I ~lt<br />
r;! ad c7 a~ “/ ad 1 ut 6 ad E; fitque S tempus verum inter sMxvaP<br />
EiorIem primam ac rertiam; 84 fignis + & - probe obkrvatis<br />
quxrantur numeri ~fl & Iz, ea lege, ut fit 2 G - 2 C = 132 G - mg -+n<br />
6 --?2-y, & 2T- 7. S zquale 82T --mt+nT--DTr. Er di, in<br />
operarione prima, 1 defignet inclinationem plani Traje&ori,x ad<br />
planurn Ecliptics: 3 & K longitudinem Nodi alterutrius, erit<br />
H -b 1~ Q Vera inclinatio Plani TrajeQorix ad Planurn Eclipticz, &<br />
1~ -~PZ P vera lorlgitudo Nodi. Ac denique fi in operatione<br />
prima, fecunda ac tertia, quantitates R, r & g defignellt Latera<br />
He&a Traje&ori=e, 8i quantitates i> ;,; ejufdem Latera, tranG<br />
verfi refpe&ive : erit +mr-m +n g - n a. verum Larus re-<br />
Qum, & -----I__-.-..<br />
I<br />
.L+mz--YmE+fin--nL<br />
verum Latus tranfverhm Traje&oria<br />
quam Cometa dekribit. Data autem Latere tranfverfo<br />
datur etiam tempus periodicum Comerz ,$$ E. X<br />
Cxterum Cometarum revolventium tempera periodica, & Orhium<br />
latera tranfverh, baud fhis accurate detcrminabuncur, nifi<br />
per collationem Cometarum inter fi, qui dive& temporibus apparem,<br />
Si plures Comets, pofi xqualia temporum intcrvalla,<br />
eundem Orbem dekripfiffe reperiancw ‘J concludendum erit has<br />
omnes effc unum & eundem Cometam, in eodem Orbe rcvolventern.<br />
Et turn &mum ex revolurionum remporibus, dabuntur Orbium<br />
latera tranherh, 8r: ex his hateribus determimhuntur Orbcs<br />
Elliptici,
a Lucida Arietis 1s. 2gm 0 Long. tj, y.24.4~<br />
28<br />
* 7 * 3g 3 Palilicio 2.9’ 37 * 0 Lx. :I, 8.22-f0<br />
--<br />
3’ ’ 6 * 4r a Cing. Androm.<br />
30’ • 43 * 10 Long. ‘d 1. 7.40<br />
a Palilicio<br />
32 73 30 Lx. a. 4.13. 0<br />
_-_I -<br />
7 nn. a Chg. Androm. 2y’IL •<br />
0 Lone;. y 2s .2/f. .47<br />
7 * 7 . 37: a Palilicio<br />
37 * 12 * 25 Lat. bar. o,yL$.. 0<br />
--<br />
24. 7.29<br />
-..-.-,<br />
M&W.<br />
I . 8. 6<br />
I<br />
2 Palilicio<br />
a Cing. Androm.<br />
40’ 9’ 0 Long. I- 26.29. If-<br />
20.32- ‘f Lat. bar. f’.ZJI 50<br />
Comcta ab Hookio prope fccundnrn<br />
I Long. r 29.17.20<br />
Arietis obfcrvabatur, Mar. Id. 711. o<br />
Lat.bQJ. 8*37.lC<br />
Lonilini, c tm<br />
y 20 8 • 20<br />
4’168 2p<br />
Apparuit hit Cometa per men& tres, tignaque fere fix de--<br />
[cripfit, & uno die gradus fere viginri confecit. Curfiis eJUS<br />
a circiifo maxim0 plurimum deffexit, in boream illCW%ItUS j &<br />
mows ejus filb finem ex retrogrado fa&us efk dire&us. Et non<br />
obltante curfu tam iniolito, ? heoria a principio ad finem cum<br />
obfervationibus non minus accurare congruit, quam Theoria<br />
i$l?lanct~rurn cum eorum obkrvationibus congrucrc folent, ut infpicicnti<br />
Tabulam patebit. Subducenda tamen fint minuta duo<br />
prima cirditer, ubi Cometa velociflimus fuit; id quod fiet auferendo<br />
duodecim minuta prima ab angulo inter Nodum akenfku<br />
confiituendo anguIum iIIum ,+ggr*<br />
27’. IV. Cometx utriufque ( & hujus & fuperioris) parallaxis<br />
annua infignis fuits & inde demonfiratur motus annuus Terrx jn<br />
‘Orbe magna,<br />
Confirmatur etiam Theoria per motum Corn&z qui apparuit<br />
anno 1683. I-&c fuit retrogradus in Orbc cujus planum cum<br />
ylano Ecliptics angulum fere refiturn continebat. Hujus Nodus<br />
afcendens (computante HaZZeio) erat in CXJ z3 gr. 23’5 linclinatio<br />
Qrbitlr: ad Eclipticam 83 gr* II’ ; Perihelium in II t5gr* zy’. 30”;<br />
Difiantia perihelia a Sole 56020, exiilente radio Orbis magni<br />
kooooo, & tempore Perihelii JzGi 2“. 3l1, 50’. Loca autem Gomete<br />
in hoc Orbe ab H&deko computata, & cum lock a F&zm-=<br />
,J?e&z’a obkrvatis collata, exhibentur in Tabula kquente.
-m-...--<br />
1683 ;Locus Solis Comcrz Lat. Bar. Comctx Lat. l3or. Differ. I)jgcr.<br />
mp. iEcpL<br />
--.-<br />
Long. Camp.<br />
-<br />
COlllP.<br />
--<br />
Lon,g. Obf.<br />
--<br />
Obfir.<br />
___ Long. Lat.<br />
--<br />
ly.I+- 5 12.35.28 3,=7053 24~24.47<br />
3'. 7.42 18. 7.22 IJ 27.7~. 3 26.22.52 IL<br />
3'.14.55 18.21.53 27.41. 7 26.rG.57<br />
kg, 2.14.56 20.17.16 27~29.32 2~.16.19<br />
6.10. &IO*495, 23.56.45 22. 2.5.0 z3*18.1-0 a+*'".~~ 23.16.55 24.12.19 - 1.25<br />
2~~42.23 22.47. f 20.40.32 22.49e 5 1.,-s<br />
g.10.26 26,5O.f2 16. 7.57 2Q* 6.37 16. f-IS 20. 6.10 - 2. 2 - 0.27<br />
lG,l~.lO If.Ii+. 1 TJ 3.48. 2.47.132 043. 3.30,487 11.37.33 9*34*‘6 3.2G.18 0*4’*lif 11.32, I 2 - 4,30 I.I2 - 0. ?.32<br />
16.If.44 5,4Y.3 3 ti 2‘+P.j’3 5JJ.;” 8 24*4Y- 5 9
DIG. JU u x 1) 1 %libcnturg qeaam f&m mocus klanetarym per corum Theorias, Et<br />
’ i’CT L’lJ’TE propterea Orbes Cometarum per hanc Theoriam esaumerari poi;<br />
lint, &, tcmp~ls periodicurn Comeraz in quolibet prbe revolwentis<br />
tandem fiirl, 6.~ rum demum Orbium Mlipticorum latera tranG<br />
verb & Ayheliorum altitudillcs innotekenc.<br />
Con,xeta retrograduls qui apparuit anno 1607, dckripfit Orbem<br />
cujus Nodus afcendens (computante H~&a’u) erat in 8 ~06’. 21’.<br />
hclimrio plani Orbis ad planurn Eclipticaz erac 17@* 2’. Perihelium<br />
erat in z 2 er* ~(i’, 6r diltantia perihelia a Sole erat 58680,<br />
exiknte mdio Orbis magni IOOOOO. Et Cometa erat in Perihelio<br />
08~4, 16”. 3”. $0’. Coagruir: hit Orbis quamproxime cum<br />
Orbe Comctz qul apparuit anno 1682. Si Cometaz hi duo fuerinc<br />
unus & idem, revolvetur hit Cometa fjatio arrnorum 79+, &<br />
axis major Orbis ejus erit ad axem majorem Orbis magni, ut<br />
$1~: 79~ 7~ ad I, ku 1778 ad 100 circiter. Et difiantia aphc-<br />
&,a Comet;c hujus a Sole, erit ad difiantiam mediocrem Terra: a<br />
Sole, ut 35 ad 1 circiter. @ibus cognit& haud difficilc fuerit<br />
Orbcm Ellipticurn Comets hwjus determinarc. Atque haze ita<br />
. i‘c h;lbebunr fi Cometa, [patio annorum kptuaginta quinque$ in<br />
hoc Orbe pofihac redierit. Comerz reliqui majori tempore revolvi<br />
videntur & altius afkendere.<br />
C3ztcrum Comet33 ob magnum eor&m numerumJ SE ‘magnam<br />
Apheliorum a Sole difiantiam, & longam moram in Apheliis, per<br />
gravitates in fk mutuo nonnihil turbari debent, 6r eorum eccenkricitates<br />
SC revolutionurn tempera nunc augeri aliquantulum,<br />
nunc diminui. Proinde non efi expe&andum ut Cometa idems<br />
in eodem Orbe sz iifdem temporibus periodicis, accurate redeat.<br />
Sufficit G mutationes Nan majores obvenerint, quam qua: a caufis<br />
prazditiis orian tur.<br />
t hint ratio redditur cur Cometx non comprehendantur %odisco<br />
(more Planetarum) kd inde migrent & mot&us variis in<br />
omnes c0.9orum regiones ferantur. Scilicet eo fine, ut in Apheliis<br />
dilis ubi tardiifime moventur, quam longiame difienc ab invicem<br />
& fe mutuo quam minime trahant. Qa de cauk Cornet= qui<br />
altius defiendunt, adeoque tarcMEme xnoventur in Apheliis, debent<br />
altius afcendere.<br />
Cometa qui anno x680 apparuit, minus diftabat a Sole in Peri-,<br />
.heIio cue quam parte kxta diametri Solis 5 & proptei: fi1mmax-n<br />
velocitatem in vicimia illa, & denfitatem aliquam Atmofpharaz So-<br />
&a, rchkntiam nonnullam Centire debuit, & aliquaatulum, tetar.-<br />
LdariJ
ari & propius ad Solem accedere : k IhguIis revolutionibus ac- 1, l i: 7 :,<br />
eledendo ad Solem, incidet is tandem in corpus Solis, Sed R in ~7:: 7 b- I<br />
Aphelia ubi tardiflime movetur, aiiquando per attraaioncm aliurum<br />
Cometarum retahri porefi Sr fubinde in Solem incidere.<br />
Sic etiam StelI32 fix32 ‘qua2 paulacim expiranc in lucem & vapores,<br />
Cometis in ipfas incidentibus refici poflunt, 8;: tlovo alimcnto<br />
accenfz pro Stellis Novis haberi. Vapores autcm qui es SoIc k<br />
St&is fixis St- caudis Cometarum oriuntur, incidere poflitt~t per<br />
gravitatem ham in Atmofplwras Planetarum, & ibi condenihrr.<br />
& canverti in aquam & I-pkrus humidos, & Ctubinde per 1entu:a-t<br />
d-aIorem in files, & fidphura, Ik cirduras, I(r &mum, & lutum, &<br />
argillams & arenam, & lapides, & coralla, & hbitatlrias alias<br />
rerrehes pautatim migrare. Decrefcenre autem corpore Solis<br />
snotus medii Planetarum circum Solem paulatim tardefcent , &<br />
crekentc Terra motus medius Lutz circum Terram paulatim augebitur.<br />
Et collatis quidem obfervationrbus Eclipfium Ba~Gyhricis<br />
cum iis Albategnii & cum hodiernis, HuZIet’w IloiFer motum<br />
medium Lun;e cum motu diurno Terrae collatum, paularim accelerari,<br />
primus omnium quod fciam deprehendit.<br />
Hypotkefis Vorticum multis premitur difficulratibus. Ut PIa.-<br />
neta unufquifque radio ad Solem du&o areas defcribat tempori<br />
proportionales, tempora periodica partium Vorticis deberent efi<br />
in duplicata ratione diitantiarum a Sole. Ut periodica Planetarum<br />
tempora fint in proportione fifquiplicata diltantiarum a<br />
Sole, tempora periodica partium Vorticis deberent efle in eadem<br />
ldifiantiarum proportione. Ut Vortices minores circum Saturnum,<br />
Jovem St alias Planetas gyrati conkrventur & tran.quille<br />
natent in Vortice Solis, tempora periodica partium Vortrcrs So-<br />
Iaris deberent eire zqualia. Revolutiones SoIis & Planetarum circum<br />
axes Cues ab omnibus hifce proportionibus difcrepant. MOtw<br />
Cometarum funt filmme regulares, & eafdem Ieges cum Planetarum<br />
motibus obfervant, & per Vortices explicari nlequeunr.<br />
Feruntur Comet% motibus valde eccentricis in omnes calorum<br />
partes, quad fieri non pockfi nifi Vortices tollantur.<br />
I?roje&ilia, in jere nofiro, folam aeris refifientiam kn tiunt.<br />
Sub]ato acre, ut fit in Vacua ~uyhno, refifientia ceffah. fiqui-<br />
&m pfulna tenuis & aurum folidum zquali CUM velocltate In hoc<br />
Qns<br />
ViClIQ
J)E fij”Nn’ Vacua cadun~. Et par efi ratio fpatiorum cxlefiium quz funt<br />
Srs’rrih’n’rE fupra acmofpharam Terr35 Corpora omnia in ifiis fpatiis liberrime<br />
moveri dcbenc; & propterea Planeta & Cometrr: in orbibus<br />
fpecic & pofitiorle daris, kundum leges fupra expofitas, perpctuo<br />
revolvi. Perfeverabunt quidem in orbhus f..lis per leges<br />
gravicntis, red regularem orblum hum primitus acquirere per<br />
leges hake minime potuerunt.<br />
Planer;e 6x principnles revolvuntur circum Solem in circulis<br />
Soli concentricis, eadem mows direaione, in eodem plano quamprox<br />
ime. Lund decem revolvunrur circum Terram, yovem & Sarurn\ltn<br />
in circuiis concencricis, eadem motus direQione, in planis<br />
orbium Fl:inecarum quamproxime, Et hi omnes motus regulares<br />
originem 11011 habcnc ex caufis Mechanicis 5 fiqu,idem Comets in<br />
Orbibus valde eccentricis, & in omnes cxlorum partes libere<br />
fcruntur. Quo mows genere Cometa per Orbcs Planetarum celerrime<br />
S= facillime tranreunt , & in Apheliis his u bi tardiores<br />
iimt CFX diutius morantur 9 quam longifflme diltant ab invicem,<br />
& i’e mutuo quam minime trahunt. ElegantiGma lwxce Solis,<br />
Planetarum & Cometarum compages non niG confilio & dominio<br />
Entis incelligenris &- potentis oriri potuit. Et fi Stelh fixze fint<br />
centra fimilium fyfiematum ; Ixx omnia fimili confilio confiru&a,<br />
fuberunt UZV’ZU dominio: prsfertim cum lux Fixarum fit ejufdem<br />
nntur,r: ac lux Solis, & fy’yltematn omnia lucem in omnia invicem<br />
immirtant.<br />
Hit omnia regit, non ut Anima mundi, fed ut univerforum Dominus<br />
; & propeer dominium hum Dominus Deus<br />
* Id elt, hpemtor<br />
w?iver/n!is. * ~VTGX&?W~ dici folet. Nam Dew e@ vox relativa<br />
& ad fervos rekrtur : & Dehzs e& dominatio Dei<br />
non in corpus proprium, fed in fervos. -2hs firnrn~~ eR Ens<br />
sternum, infinitum, abfoluce perfe&um; fed Ens utcunque perfetium<br />
fine dominio, non eR 13uminz~ 2%~. Dicimus enim WCNS<br />
meus, 53~~s ueJer, Dezcs IJrmZis : fed non dicimus &?temz~ ~~e.z,w~<br />
uEIernz4s z?eJfpr, bEternfi!J Ifrdclis j non dicimus In$ktttis mew,<br />
Pti$zilz4s ve/fer, ..lt$kitZ4S I/lrraeZis j non dicimus Terf’eAw meus, T~ep<br />
fet7us ueJier, Fofek7m .IJriaeZis. HX appeIlationes relationem non<br />
habent ad fkrvos. VOX TIeus pairrm figaificac %?omhztina, kd<br />
omnis Dominus non efi Dew. Dominatio Entis fpirituaIis 5Yezw.z<br />
conltituit, vera verum, fumma fummum, fit2-a fiQum. Et ex dominatione<br />
vera fkquitur, Deum verum, efk vivum, intejligentem &<br />
potentem j ex reliquis perfetiionibus Summum efi Ve:l fumme perfeErum,
fb%m. MrernsJs eiE 8r: ..hJinitus,<br />
L, D E II<br />
Omnipotens Sr Of&?f$j/cjens, id<br />
efi, &rat ab azterno in sternum & adefi ab infinite in infinitum, TERT,uj.<br />
omnia regit & omnia cognokit qu3: fiunt aut Cciri porunt, Non I<br />
efi azternitas vel infinitas, fed zternus & infmitus; non efi duratio<br />
vd fpatium, fed durat & adefi. Durat fernper & adefi ubique, &<br />
exifiendo fernper & ubique durationem & fpatium, a(ernirarenl<br />
St infiniracem confrituit, Cum unaquzque fpatii particula fit<br />
feirApw, 8~ unumquodque durationis indivifibile momentum &+~ j<br />
certe rerun omnium Fabricator ac Dominus non erit nz17zqzgnlir<br />
nz&@ana. Omniprzfens efi non per zrirttitem folam, fkd etiam<br />
per fii~flantiam : nam virtus fine iitbfiantia<br />
iilbfifiere non potelf. In ipfo * continentur A~l~i~$/~~~~~~z ~JY?r<br />
82 moventur univerfa, fed abfque mutua paf tie, POW in m. 7.27, 28.<br />
l- zone. Deus nihil patitur ex corporum moti- ~;@!~D;;~$;;~;,~;;;;<br />
bus: illa nullam fentiunt refiitentiam ex om- tllDn aeg.;3. t7. $,b. 22.<br />
niprafen tia Dei. Deum fummum ne&&rio 12. ‘feren%m Prophcta ~3.<br />
exifiere in confeffo eit: Et eadem necefitate 23B ‘+<br />
Jhzpet eft & zdique. Unde etiam totus efi Cuifimilis, totus ocuius,<br />
totus auris, torus cerebrum, totus brachium, totus vis fentlendi,<br />
intelligendi & agendi; fed more minime humane, more minime<br />
corporeo, more nobis prorfus incognito, Ut czcus ideam non<br />
habet coIorum , fit nos ideam non habemus modorum quihus<br />
Deus fipientiffimus kntit & intelligit omnia. Gorpore omni &<br />
figura corporea prorfus defiituitur, ideoque vrderi non potefi,<br />
net audiri, net tangi, net fub fpecie rei alicujus corporei coli debet,<br />
Ideas habemus attributorum ejus, fed quid fit rei alicujus<br />
Subfiantia minime cognofcimus. Videmus tantum corporum figuras<br />
& colores, audimus tantum fonos, tangimus tantum ruperficies<br />
externas, olfacimus adores folos, St gufiamus iapores; Intimas<br />
fubfiantias nullo fenfu, nulla a&one reflexa cognofcimu& 8~<br />
nlulto minus idearn habemus fubfiantiae Dei. Hunt cognofci?us<br />
folummodo per proprietates fuss & attributa, Sr per fapientlfimas<br />
& optimas rerum firu&uras, & caufas finales j veneralllur autern<br />
& colimus ob dominium. Deus enim .fine dominio, provident&<br />
SC caufis finalibus, nihil aliud efi quam Datum & Natura.<br />
Et hxc de Dee; de quo utique ex Phanomenis difirere,<br />
ad ~b~~~~~@zrn Experhentalem pertinet.<br />
&&enus Phanomena wlorum & maris nofiri per Vim ravitatis,,ex<br />
ofuiS fed caufam Gravitatis nondum afignavi. 8 ritur<br />
urique, R 8c Vi5 a caufa aliqua 4 etrat ad ufque centra Solis<br />
2 &
lan~tarum9 fine virtutis diminutione; quzque a&r: non pro.<br />
rsTEn’nT,‘quax~titate~~~e~~~ierN# particularum in quas aglc (Lit ffjle$E caUFz<br />
lUecllanic,r,) kd pro quantitate n~atcri~fiJOli~!~j & cujus altio in<br />
Jtsamenfi~s dikwtias undique extcndi turS decrefcendo i&per in<br />
duplicata ratione difiantiarum. Gravitas in Solem CO~lpOi~itU~’<br />
ex gravitatibus in Gngulas Solis particulas, St recedendo a Sole<br />
decrekit accurate in dupliczts rar~one difiantriarum ad uiquc or-.<br />
hem Saturni, uc ex quicte ApheliorIlm Flanetarum manifcRum eilt,<br />
& ad ucque ulrima Comeurum iiphelia, ii mode Aphelia illa<br />
quiekant. Rationem vero harum Gravitaris praprict~~tum ex<br />
Phccnomcnis nondum potui deducere, or: Hypotheks non fingo.<br />
Qicquid enim ex Phaznomenis non deducitur, HypotheJs vocanda<br />
eit j & Hypotheks feu Metaphyfics, ku Fhyfictn, ku Qualitatum<br />
occulrarum, feu Mechanicrt, in “PhPlofo/$z’d EX~E7imentnl~<br />
Bocum non habent. In hat Fhilo~ophia Propofitioncs deducuncur<br />
ex Pbxnomenis, & redduntur generales p&r Indufiionem. Sic<br />
impenetrabilitas9 mobilitas, SC imp,etus corporum 8~ iegcs motuum<br />
& gravitatis innotuerunt. Et fitrs cl1 quod Cravitas revera exifiat,<br />
& agat fecundurn leges a nobis expofitas, & ad corporuill<br />
c3z:lefii~1ti1 & .maris nofiri rnottis omnes fufficiat.<br />
Adjicere jam liceret nonnulla de §piritu quodam fubtiliili.mo corpora<br />
craffa pervadente, & in iifdem latente; cujus vi & a&ionibus<br />
particulz corporum ad miniwas difiantias k rnutuo attrahunt,<br />
& contiguz faQz colwrent; & corpora Ele#rica agunt ad difiantias<br />
majores, tam repellendo quam attrahcndo corpukula vilcina<br />
j & Lux emittitur, refleCEitur, refringiturs infk&itur , & ,corgora<br />
Cal&Citj & Senfitio omnis excitacur, & membra Ani-malium<br />
ad voluntatem moventur, vibrationibus fiilicet hujw Spiripus<br />
per folida nervorum cagillamenta ab externis fenfirum orgar~is<br />
ad cerebrum SC a cerebra in mufcu~Ios propagatis, Sed has<br />
paucis exponi non pof&nt; neque adefi Mkicns copia Experimentorurn,<br />
quibus Sieges aBionun3 hujus Spiritw accurate deter-<br />
Gnari & monfisari d-ebent.<br />
‘,
A.<br />
Quino&iorum prtecefio<br />
cau& hujus motus indicantar III,<br />
21<br />
quantitas motus eX caufis computatur III, 39<br />
den&s ad quamlibet altitudinem colligitur<br />
ex prop. 22 I Lib. II. quanta fit ad altitudincm<br />
nnius fccnidiametri Terrefiris ofien-<br />
&Rica vis quali caulk tribui poffit 11, 23<br />
gravitas cuni Aqua gravitate collata 47oj 3<br />
rcfiitcntia quanta GC, per Espcrinacuh Pendulorum<br />
colligitur 286, 28; pee ExPcriyenta<br />
corporum cadcntium & Thcoriam<br />
accur@s invcnitur 3 27, x3<br />
&aguli c~Qz~&iis non .fLmt cm3ncs ejnfilem generjs,<br />
J&J slii aliis infbitc minores p.,32<br />
Apfidum niol;us cspcndltur I, Se& p ,<br />
Area ‘~uas corpora in.gyr%s a&a, radiis ad contrllil1<br />
vjrium d&is, dcfcribunt, canhrnntur<br />
~11x12 temporibus dcfcriptianum. I, I, 2, 3,<br />
Author f, 17: 147~52: 172, 31: 483,34,<br />
c.<br />
CFli<br />
relifkntin de[lituWlul III, IO : 444, 20:<br />
4.7 I, 28 j & ~r~~~rercn.Fluiilo olaani COrpO-<br />
l-e0 328, 18<br />
Calorc virga ferrc~ compertn efi augcri longitndinc<br />
386, 4<br />
Calor sulk quant~rs fit: i,? diverfis a SpIc difbtiis<br />
qunntus apud Cometam anni IGO in Pcrihelio<br />
verfantcm 466, zz<br />
Centrum commune gravitaris corporum plwriam,<br />
ab atiionibus corporum inter fc, non<br />
mutat ftatum filum vcl motus vcl quietis<br />
P* a7<br />
Centrum commune gravitatis Tcrrz, Solis &<br />
Planctarum omnium quic~cecere III, I I j confirmatur<br />
ex Cor. 2. Prop. 14, Lib. 111.<br />
Ccntrum commune grav itatis Terra & Lunn:<br />
motu annuo percurrit Or&m magnum 3 7G, 6<br />
quibus intervallis difiata Terra & Luna 430,~~<br />
Ccntrum Virium quibus corpora revolventia in<br />
Orbibus rctinentur<br />
qtifili Arearam indicio invcnitur 38, i+<br />
qua ratione ex datis rcvolvenrium velocitatibus<br />
invenitur I, 7<br />
Circuli circumfercntia, qua .lcgc vis ccntiipetarr<br />
tendcntis ad pun&urn quodcunquc datum dercribi<br />
Pot& a corpore rcGolvcute I, 4, ,7, 8<br />
Comctae<br />
Genus font Planctawm , non Mcteororun~<br />
44.4924: 466, a r<br />
Luna fiiperiores fiint, 8: in rcgione Planetaruin<br />
verfkntur p. 43 g<br />
Difiantia eorum qua ratione per Obfervatim<br />
nes colligi Pot& quamproximc 439, 2 1<br />
plures obfirvati filnt: in hcmiljkzrio Solem<br />
verfirs, clunm in hemifPhsri0 oppofito; &<br />
unde hoc fiat 44+ r<br />
Splenden: lute solis a f.2 ICfieSil &ij.Lj.B+j LUX<br />
illn quanta cffct folet 4+!, 12.<br />
Cinguntur AcmofPhwis ingcntibus 442, x2:<br />
Q?$ ~Laa prqhs acccdunt ut plurilaauna<br />
nillorcs &ii cXi~irnnlltul* ~$77, 7<br />
Quo fine non comprcl’endlulltur Zodiacs<br />
(mwe Planetnrum) fed in omncs c~loruru<br />
qrioncs varic fcruntur 480,, 30<br />
Pofl’unt nliqunudo in Solem incidere & novtw<br />
illi nlimcncum ignis prxcberc 480,. 37<br />
‘Ulis eorum fuggcritur 47 3, I : 45 I, 7<br />
COIlI@-
avertunrur a Sole 488, 39<br />
maxirun: ftlnt & fulgentifimz fiatim pofi<br />
trarkum per viciniam Solis 467,8<br />
infignis earurn rnritas 470, 3 2<br />
origo ei nsturn earundem 442, 19: 467, 13<br />
(1~10 temporis fpatio a capite afcendunt 47 1) I<br />
COlll~t~<br />
Moventur in Se&tionibus Conicis umbilicos<br />
in centro Solis habentibws, & radiis ad Sokm<br />
d&is defcribunt areas temporibus proportionales.<br />
Et qnidcm in Ellipfibws rnoventur<br />
fi in Orbcm redeunt, hae tamen<br />
Parnbolis crunt maxime finitimz III, 40<br />
TrajcEtoria Parn!,olica ex datis tribws Obkrvationibus<br />
invenitur III,41 j Inventa corrigitur<br />
III, 42<br />
Locus in Parabola invenitur ad tempus dat’tllll<br />
445, 3CJ: I, 30<br />
Vclocitas cum vclocitate Planctarum confertul’<br />
44f> I7<br />
Cometa annorum 1664 & 1665<br />
Htljus motes obfirvatus expenditur, et cum<br />
Theoria accurate congrwere deprehenditur<br />
Com~ta~%orum 1680 & 1681<br />
Hujus moms obkrvatus cum Theoria accurare<br />
congruere invenitur p.4y5 & feqq.<br />
Videbatur in Ellipfi revolvi fpatio annorum<br />
plufqu”m qwingentorwm 464, 37<br />
TrajeBoria illius & Cauda lingulis in locis<br />
dclincantur p. 46~<br />
Cometa anni 1682<br />
Hujus motus accurate refpondet Theoria<br />
a.<br />
i. 479<br />
Comparuiffe virus eft anno I 607, iterwmquc rcditurus<br />
videtur period0 7s annorum 480~6<br />
Cometa anni 1682<br />
Hujus motws .ccwrate rcfpondet Theoriz<br />
I)* 478<br />
Curve: difiinguuntur in Geometrice rationaIes &<br />
Geometrice irrationales I on, 5<br />
Curvatura figurarwm qua rationc aeiiimanda fit<br />
235, 23 O: 398, 3f<br />
,Cycloidis fecu Epicycloidis<br />
retiificatio I, 4% 49 : 142, 1S<br />
Evolwta I, 50: 142, 22<br />
Cylindri nttrafiio ex particwlis trahcntibus compoliti<br />
quarum vires fwnt reciproce ut quadrata<br />
diflantiarum 198, L<br />
D.<br />
Dci Naturn p. 482, & 453<br />
‘Dckcnltis gravium in vacwo quantus fit, cx longitudinc<br />
Pendwli colligitur 377, I<br />
,Del’cen& vel Afccnhs reailinci fpatia dcfcripta,<br />
temporn defcriptionum & velocitates ac-<br />
quitke conteruntur, pofita cujuliuilqk gcneris<br />
vi centripeta I, Se&. 7<br />
Defcenft1s ?k Akenfus corporum in Mediis rcfifientibus<br />
II, 3,“8, g, 41~ 13~ 14<br />
E.<br />
Ellipfis<br />
qua lege vis contripetae tendentis ad ccntrum<br />
figutz defcribitwr a corpore revolvente<br />
I, IO, 64<br />
qua lege vis centripetz tendentis ad wmbilicum<br />
figurx defcribitur a corpore revelvente<br />
I, 11<br />
Fluidi definitio P. 260<br />
Fluidorwm den&as & comprefio quas kges habent,<br />
ofccnditur II, Se& c<br />
Fluidorum per foramkn in &k fatiwm efluentium<br />
determinatur motus II, 36<br />
Fumi in camino afcenfuus obitercxplicatur 4~2~4<br />
G.<br />
Graduwm in Meridian0 TerreRri menfira exhibctur,<br />
& quatn fit exigua inzqualitas o&nditur<br />
ex Thcoria III, 20<br />
Gravitas<br />
dive& eR generis a vi Magnetica 368, 27<br />
mutua efi inter Terram & ejus partes 22, 18<br />
ejus caufi non anignatur $83, 34<br />
datur in Planetas univerfos 365, I$J & pergendo<br />
a fuperficiebus Planetarum fur&m<br />
decrefcit in duplicata ratione difiantiarwm<br />
a centro III, 8, deorfwm dccrefkit in fimplici<br />
ratione quamproxime III, 7<br />
datur in corpora omnia, & proportion& eR<br />
quantitati materig in fingulis III, 7<br />
Gravitatem eire vim illam qua Luna retinetur<br />
in Orbc III, 4, computo accuratiori comprobatur<br />
430~25<br />
Gravitatem effe vim illam qua Planets primarii<br />
& Satellites Jovis & Saturni retinentur in<br />
Orbibus III, 5<br />
1-I.<br />
I-Iydrofiaticx: principia traduntur II, Se& 5<br />
Hyperbola<br />
qua legc vis centrifuge tendcntis a figure tentro<br />
defcribitwr a corpo1c revoivcnte 4,7,26<br />
.qwa lege vis centrifwgz tendentis ab umbilico<br />
figwrz defcribitwr a corpore revolvente j-r,6<br />
qua legc vis ccntripeta tcndcntis ad umbilicwm<br />
fi uraz defcribitwr a corpore rcvolvente T, I 2<br />
‘I[-Iypot 7 lefes cujufcunqwc generis rcjiciwntur, nb<br />
,hac Philofophia 484, 8.<br />
I. Iner-,
1.<br />
Illerti;e vis dcfinitur p. 2<br />
Juvis<br />
difinntia n Sole 361, x<br />
femidiamctcr npperens 3 71, 3<br />
fimidiamctcr Vcril 371, 14<br />
~ttmtiiva vis cjll~llta fit 370, 31<br />
p01ltlus corporunl in cjus fuupcrficic 37 I, 19<br />
ddras 3 7 1, 3!<br />
q~~antitas matcr1e 3 7 I, 27<br />
perlurbntiu 3 Saturn0 quantn fit 37f, 33<br />
~~iametroru~ll proportio compnto cxhibttur<br />
331,1-T<br />
convcrfia circum axc1n quo tcmporc abfolvi-<br />
I ,.<br />
~.OCUS &ii&w, & difiinguitur in nl9f0lutum &<br />
rclativum 6, 12<br />
Loca c~rporum in Se&mibus conicis inotorum<br />
invcniuntlW ad rempus afignatnm I,<br />
SC&, 6<br />
Luck<br />
propagatio non cfi infkmth3 2.07, f; n0:<br />
fit per a-gitationem Mcdii nlicuJus .&rhorc~<br />
342, 36<br />
velaclras in divcrfis Mcdiis divcrb I, 9r<br />
rcflexio qumhm cxplicntur 1, 96<br />
&m&i0 cxplicntur I, 94; 11011 fit in pun&a<br />
folum incidcnti~ 207, 29<br />
incnrvatio prapc carporun~ tcrminos Expcrimentis<br />
obfcrvata 207, 8<br />
LUKC<br />
carporis Ggura c!ompUto colli itur ll1, 38<br />
is& cdh pntcWkt, ct1r cant 8 cm kmpcr facicm<br />
in Tcrran~ obverrat 43 a, 9<br />
& lilwationes csplicantur III, I7<br />
dinnictcr nwdiocris appmcns 430, I z<br />
clian1cccr vcra 430, x7<br />
pondus corporum in ejus fupcrficic 430, 20<br />
dcnlitns $30, I$-<br />
vis sd Marc IYK~VC~U~ q”nntn fit TIT, 37;<br />
non fcntiri powIt in flxperimcnris pendularlm,<br />
vel jn Staticis aut tlydmfiaticis<br />
quibulkmquc 430, 3.<br />
teinpus pcriodicum 430, ?%<br />
tcmpus rcvulutionis i nod1c3o 398; 1<br />
maw mcdius cum 1 iurno motu Tcrrx: col-<br />
LUlw nms 8~ motu~ml inzqunlitates a car&<br />
fiyis dcrivantur IIT, 22: pdpr k fcc14.<br />
tardlus rcvolsitur Luna dilatato Orbe, ~II p<br />
rjheli0 Term; citius in nphcli~, contra&u<br />
Orb2 III, 22: 421, 6<br />
~aXh revolvitur, dilatat0 Orbe, in Ap0gzi<br />
SyzygiiS CLllll Sok; cities in Quadraturk<br />
ApogaC contra&o Orbe +22, I<br />
tnrdius rcvolvitur, dilataro orbe, in Syzygiis<br />
Nodi cum Sole; citius in Quadraruris Nodi,<br />
contra&o Orbe 422, 21<br />
tnrdius movctur in Quadraturis f& CURJ Sole,<br />
citius in Syzygiis j & radio ad Terram<br />
duRo dekribit: aream pro rempore minorem<br />
in priorc car& majorem in pokiorc<br />
III, 2~. : Inzqualitas harum Arearum cornpmtw<br />
lII, 26. Orh~ i&per habet magis<br />
curvum & longius a Terra recedit in<br />
priorc cafil, minus c1trv1~121 ha& Orbenl<br />
6~ propius ad Tcrram acccdit in poficriorc<br />
III, 22. Orbis hujus figura & proportio<br />
diamctrorum ejus computo colligirur III,<br />
28. Et fiibindc proponitur methodus invcnicndi<br />
dikmtiam Lunz a Terra ex motu<br />
ejus horario III, 27<br />
Apogeum tardius movctur in Aphelio Tcrrz.<br />
vclocius in Perihelia III, 22: 421, 21<br />
Apogrum ul9i tit in Solis Syzygiis, maxime<br />
progrcditur; in Quadraturk rcgreditur<br />
-<br />
IU,<br />
22: 422,37<br />
Ecccntricitas maxima cfi in Apoggi Syzygiis<br />
cum Sale, minima in Quadraturis III, 22:<br />
422~ 39<br />
Nodi tardius moventur in Aphelia Tcrrz, vblocius<br />
in Pcrihclio III, 22’: 4,2r. 21<br />
Nodi quiefcunt in Syzy$is i-iii; c& Sole, &<br />
vclocifimc rcgrediuntur in Quadmtnris<br />
III, 2%. Nodorum motus & inaqnalitates<br />
motuum computanrur cx Theoria Gravitatis<br />
Ill; 30, 3 I, 32, 33<br />
Inclinatio OrLis ad Eclipticam maxima eR in<br />
Syzygiis Nodorum cum Sole, minima in<br />
@adraturis I,66 Cor. JCJ. Inclinationis variationes<br />
computantur cx Thcoria Graviratis<br />
III, 34, 35<br />
Lunarium m0tuum Bquationcs ad ufus. ARronomicos<br />
p.421 ti fiqp<br />
&lotus mcdii Luna:<br />
&,quatio nnnua 421,.4<br />
fEquati0 fb-neilris prima 4.22, X<br />
&quatio km&is kcunda 422,21<br />
&quatio centri prima 423, 2!i: pi 101 Ik<br />
fcqq.<br />
~~qvntio centri fecunda 424, ry<br />
Vnriado pritia III, 29<br />
Varbio kcunda 42fa $<br />
Mob
~%‘iotus n\cdii Apogzi<br />
fEquati0 annua 421, 21<br />
fE+atio iemcfitris 4.22, 37<br />
Ecccutricitatis<br />
Quatio km&is 422, 37<br />
?~Iotiis medii NoJorum<br />
fik~uat10 annua 42 I, 21<br />
fEqu:ltio hneftris 111, 33<br />
Iuciillatiouis OrLilz ad Ecliplicam<br />
:Equalio Itmcltris 4,2r~, 22<br />
Eunarium motu11n1 ~l~corin, qua Methodo<br />
1+&n lir I‘c1’ Obkrvationcs 425, 33.<br />
M.<br />
fia-<br />
I\lagnetica vi:: 22, 13 : 271, 2f : 368, 29:<br />
MZi~~~iits a caulis iilis derivatur III, 24, 3G, 37<br />
Msrtis<br />
diltan~ia n Sole 361, I<br />
Aphziii motus 376, 33<br />
ii1atcr.i.r<br />
vis impreffa definitur p. 2<br />
c.~renfio, tlurities, impenetrabilitas, mobilitas,<br />
vis inertia, Eravitas, qua ratione innotefctmt<br />
3 ~7, 1 iJ: 484, 10<br />
divifibilitas nondum co&at f @, 18<br />
M&ria fubtilis CH’tt$ano?‘UflJ ax examen quoddam<br />
revocatur 292, I2<br />
Materia vel fibtilifima Gravitate non defiituitur<br />
368, I<br />
Mechanico, qufe dicuntur, Potentiae explicantur<br />
& demonfirantur p. 14 & 15 : p, 23-<br />
Mercurii<br />
difiantiaa Sole 3Gr, I.<br />
Aphelii motus 376, 33<br />
Mcthodus<br />
Rationtim primarnm & ultimerum I, Se&. I<br />
Tranfmutandi figuras in alias qua: fiint ejufdcm<br />
Ordinis Analytici I, Lem.22. pag.7~<br />
~ltixionum 11. Lcm. 2. P- 224<br />
Differentialis rI1, Lemk f & 6. pagg. 446<br />
p: 447<br />
ln~cn’iendi Curvarum omnium quadraturas<br />
pro&e veras 447, 8<br />
Scricrum convergcntium adhibetur ad iblutionem<br />
Problematum dif?iciliorum p. I 27 :<br />
128: 202: 235: 414<br />
Motus quantitas definitur p. I<br />
Motus abfolutas & relativus p. 6: 7: 8: 9 ab<br />
inviccm fecerni poffunt, exemplo demonfiratur<br />
p. IO<br />
‘Motus Legcs p. I2 EC feqq.<br />
Mottlum compoiitio si rcfolutio ‘p. 14<br />
&lotus corporum congredientitun poli: reflexioncm,<br />
qunli Eaperimento r&e colligi poffimt,<br />
oltcnditur 19, 21<br />
Moms corporum<br />
in Conicis feeRionibus ccccntricis I[, Se&, 3<br />
in Orbibus mobilihus I, Se&. 9<br />
in Superkiebus datis & Funependulorutn<br />
motus rcciprocus I, Se& IO<br />
Motus corporum viribus centripetis fc mutuo<br />
petentium I, Se&. 11<br />
Motus corporum Minimorum, que viribus &ntriFetis<br />
ad fiugulas Magni alicujus corporis<br />
parks tendentibus agitnntur I, Se&. 14<br />
Motus corporum quibus refifiitur<br />
in ratione velocitatis II, Se&. I<br />
in duplicata ratione velocitatis II, Se&. 2<br />
partim in ratione velocitatis, partim in cjul-<br />
dem ratione duplicata II, SC&. ” 2<br />
Motus<br />
corporum fola vi inlita progredieutium in<br />
Mediis refificntibus II, I, 2, f, 6, 7, I I,<br />
12: 302, I<br />
corporum re&a afcendentium vel defieuden-<br />
tium in Mediis rcfifientibus, agentc vi Gravitatis<br />
uniformi II, 3, 8, 9, 4.0, 13, 14<br />
corporum projcAorum in Mediis refiitentibus,<br />
agentc vi Gravitntis uniformi II, 4, I o<br />
corporum circumgyrantium in Mediis rcfifientibus<br />
11, Se%. 4<br />
corporum Funepcndulorum in Mediis refificntibus<br />
II, Se&t. 6<br />
Moms k refifientia Fluidorum II, Se&. 7<br />
Motus per Fluida propagatus II, Se&. 8<br />
Mows circularis ieu Vorticofus Fluidorum I&<br />
Se&. g<br />
Mundus orieinem non habet ex caufis Mechanicis<br />
p.432, 12.<br />
N.<br />
Navium co&uAioni Propofitio<br />
3w 4.<br />
0.<br />
non<br />
inutilis<br />
Opticarum ovalium inventio quam Carte& celaverat<br />
I, 97. Carreji:ni Probleniatis generalior<br />
foltitio I, 98<br />
Orbitaruni inventio<br />
quas corpora defcribunt, dc loco dato data<br />
cum velocitate, ficundum datum re&am<br />
CglTffj.; ubi vis centripefa en reciprocc ut<br />
quadraturn difbmtix: & vis illius quantitas<br />
abfoluta cognofcitur I, I7<br />
quas corpora defcrihunt ubi vircs centripet%<br />
funt rcciproce ut cubi difinntiarum 4~~ I 8 :<br />
x18,27: 12~, 25<br />
quas corpora viribus quibufcunqme centripetis<br />
agitata defcribunt I, SC& 8.
I N .D E dip R E .R v<br />
&lb<br />
in dive& Terra rrgionifus inve!liunrur &<br />
P. inter fc comgamtur III, z.<br />
Protlematis<br />
PaWh’ia, qua lege vis ccntripetaz tellden& ad K@hwi folutio per Trochoidcm & per<br />
umbilicum figur;e, dehibitur a corpore rcvol- Approximationes I, 3 I<br />
ventc I, 13 Veterm de quatuor his, a ~q~po memorati,<br />
Peadulorum affettiones cxplicanrur 1, $0, pI, a Cautf&o par cnlculum Analyticum tcntati,<br />
52, 53: II, Sea. 6. cornpolitio Geometrica 70, I g<br />
Pet%dUlorum iibchronorum lon~itodines diverfz ProjcCtilia, il’pofita Medii rcliltcatia, moveri ilr<br />
in diverfis horum Latitudlnihs inter {e Parabola col@tur 47, 23 : zoe, 23 : 23G, 29<br />
co~1feruntur., turn per Obfcrvatio~~s, turn per Projcc’Nium motus in Mediis reliiIcntihs II,<br />
‘Pheoriam Gravitatis 1x1, 20 &,I0<br />
Rhik&oplmndi Regul~ p. 357 Pulhnn Acris, quibus Soni propagantur, detcr-<br />
Planeta minantur intervalln feu latitudines II, 50: 344,<br />
r1otl dcFcrontur a Vorricibus corporcis 3r2, 16. Hnc intervalla in apertnrum Fihhtm<br />
.37: 3j-4, 2g: @I,21 his zquari duplis longitudinibus Fifhlnrum<br />
Priinarii vcrofimile CR 344, 2G<br />
Solem cingunt 360, 7<br />
Inoventur in Elliplibus umbilicum habeuti.<br />
CL<br />
bus in centro Solis III, 13<br />
radiis ad Solem du&is dcfcribuut areas tern- Quadrntura generalis Ovalium dari non pot&<br />
poribus proportionah 361, rf : III, I 3 per hitos termiuos I, Lem, 28. p. g8<br />
tcmporibus pcriod,icis rcvolvuntur que ht C$alitates corporum qua ratione innotehnt &<br />
in fcfquiplicata rntione difiantiarum a admittuutor 3f7* 16<br />
Sole 360, 17 : III, 13 & I,, I$ Qaics vera & relativa p. 6, y1 S, 9.<br />
rctinentur in Orl.+tus his a vi Gravitatia<br />
qu2.2 rcfpicit Solcm, & elk reciproce ilt R.<br />
quadraturn diitantis nb ipfiw ccntro<br />
,IIX, 2, 5 RefiRentiz qwntitas<br />
Sccundarii in .Mediis non continuis II, 3~<br />
k2ovcntur in EllipGbus umbilicum balxxti- in, Mcdiis continuis II, 3 8<br />
bus in ccntro IYimwiorum III, 22 in Me&is cujuhtnque generis 303, 32<br />
racjiis ad Primaries ,.(iuas duQis defcr$~mt Refificntiarum Theoris conihnatur<br />
areas temporibus proportionales 3 p9, 3, per Experimenta Peudulorum II, 30~3 I, Sch.<br />
ZLZ: 361, 27: III, 2%<br />
Gen. p. 284<br />
~emporihis periodicis revohultur qu” hit per Experimenta corporum CadentiWl 11, +h<br />
in fiijuiplicata hone difiantiarum a Sch, p. 3 rg<br />
Primariis his 3 59, 3, za : SKI, 22 ik I, 11 Refieutia Mcdiomm<br />
r&incuttw in Orbihs his a vi Gravitatis CR’ tit cprundem detlfitas, c~teris paribus<br />
quz rcfpicit Primnrios, & efi reciproce 290,2.9: 291,3y: 11,33,35-, 38: 327, '4<br />
ut’ quadrntum diRantire ah eorum cewris eR in duplicata rationc vclocitatis corporum<br />
m I, 3%4, ,P quibus refifkitiir, cWzris paribus 217, 24 :<br />
Planetarum 2849 33 j 11, 33*35138: 3% 23<br />
difksntix 3 SoIc 36X, I cR in duplicata rationc dinmctri corporum<br />
Orbium A$wlin & Nodi prope quichint Sphwicorum quibus refifiitur, cztcris pa-<br />
III, I$ ribh 288, 4: zgp, 11:’ II, 33, 3~~ 38:<br />
Qrbes determinantw III, z 5, 16 Sch. p. 3 I9<br />
10~3 in Ohibus invcniuntur x, 3 I aon iyinllitilr ab a&ionc Fluidi in pwtcs po-<br />
&dim cnlori quizm a Sole rccipiiiuh ac- fticas corporis inoti 3 12, 23<br />
conm~oclntur 372, 7 Rcfifktitia Pluidorum dttplcx cfi; oriturquc vel<br />
converfiones diurw fiint tfquabilcs 1x1, * 7 al2 1nertin match Auidz, vcl nb Elatiicitntc,<br />
axes font minorcs diamctris q~;e ad eofdelu Tcuacitatc & FriQione partium cjus 3 13, I.<br />
axes normaliter ducuntUr 111, J 8 ,Relificntia ~LI’C htitur iu I;‘luidis i’erc tota<br />
Fondcra corporum efi prioris gcneris 326, 32, 8: mintti non pojn<br />
TC~IYIIII ~1 ~&rn vcl Plnnctnm qtlemvis~ tcfi per fi&ilitntonl ywti~~xn Phi&, ,runocnte<br />
L paribus difiant$s ,311 cortm7 ccntris~. iimt ut deillitatc 325, 7<br />
gUantitates mater& ill corpnribiis II& 6 Refifie~~ti? ;Globi, ad refificntiam Cyhdri pro-<br />
IIC)~I pdctlt 3b c0rm Eormis & texturis portio,.;Lydiis, non co,ntinuis II, 34<br />
\ ’ * It&h-<br />
‘pa67.3.f
~cfif\entin qunm yntitur a Fluid0 fruitum CO-<br />
IIIC~IIII, qu3 ratione fiat minima 299, 3’1<br />
Rclillwtin: minima Solidum 300, 15.<br />
S.<br />
SJtclliris<br />
~uvidis estimi elongntio maxima holioccntricn<br />
n centro Jovis 370, 3~<br />
.FI~~grni,wi elo~igatio maxima hcliocentricn a<br />
centro Saturni 37 I, f<br />
Snlcllitum<br />
lovialium tcmpora pcriodica Sr difiantk a<br />
d centro Jovis- 1~9,~’ 2<br />
Sattrrniorum t&pora periodica & difiantiz a<br />
ccntro Saturni 360, 1<br />
Joviaiiuni & Snturniorum inzqualcs motus<br />
a motibus Lunz derivari pofi‘c ofknditur<br />
111, 23<br />
Saturni<br />
difiantia a Sole 3Gr, 1<br />
femidiameter appni-ens 37 I, 9<br />
fimidiameter vcra 3 7 I, 14<br />
vis attra&iva quanta fit 370, 33<br />
p011dus corporum in cjus fuperficie 371,19<br />
denlitas 37r, 37<br />
quantitas matcria: 371, 27<br />
perturbatio a Jove quanta fit 375, 16<br />
diameter apparcns Annuli quo cingitur 37 I, 8<br />
SeEtiones Conicz, qua lege vis centrlpetae tendentis<br />
ad pun&urn quodcunque datum, defcribuntur<br />
a corporibus revolventibus &20<br />
Sc&ionum Conicarum defcriptio Geometrica<br />
ubi dantur Umbilici I, Se&, 4<br />
ubi non dantur Umbilici I, Se&. y. ubi dantur<br />
Centra vel Afymptoti 87, 9<br />
Sefquiplicnta ratio definitur 31, 40<br />
Sol<br />
circum Planetarum omnium commune gravi-<br />
tatis centrum movctur 111, 12<br />
femidiamcter ejus mediocris apparens 37 I, 12<br />
iemidiameter iera 37 I, 14<br />
parallaxis ejus horizontalis 3 70, 33<br />
uarallaxis menfirua 276, 4<br />
ks ejus attra&iva &&;a ‘fit 370, 3 3<br />
pondus corporum in ejus iiipcrficic 37 I, I9<br />
den&as ejus 371, 37<br />
qua&as mnterke 3 7 r, 2 7<br />
vis ejus ad perturbandos motus Luna: 363,<br />
15: III,25<br />
vis ad Mare movendum III, 36<br />
Sonorum<br />
nntura cxplicatur 11,43,47,48,49, $0<br />
propagatlo divergit a re&o tramite 332, g,<br />
fit per agitationem Aeris 343, I<br />
velocitas computo colligitur 343,8, paiilulum<br />
major effe debct Bfiivo quam Hyberno<br />
ternpore, per Thcoriam 344, I I<br />
ceffatio fir fiatim ubi ceffat motns corporis<br />
augmentatio per tpbos ficnterophonicos<br />
3+4,32<br />
Spatinm<br />
nbfolutum & rclntivum p. 6,~<br />
non tit aqualiter plenum 368, 16<br />
Sphrrroidis nttra&io, cujus particularum vires<br />
hnt rcciprocc ut quadrata diitantiarun~<br />
198, 21<br />
Spiralis qua: i&at radios fuos omnes in angulo<br />
data, qua lege vis centripetz tendentis ad<br />
centrum Spiralis defcribi potefi a corpore<br />
revolvente, ofienditur I, 9: II, 15, 16<br />
Spiricum quendam corpora pervadentem & in<br />
corporibus latentem, ad plurima narum phznomena<br />
folvenda, requiri fuggeritur 484, I 7<br />
St&rum fixarum<br />
quies demonfiratur 376, r8<br />
radistio & fcintillatio<br />
quibus cnufis rcfercnd;E<br />
tint 467, 38<br />
Stelle Now unde oriri poffint 48 I, 5<br />
Subfiantiazrerum omnium occulta: fimt 483,23<br />
T.<br />
Tempus abfolutum & relativum p. 5,7<br />
Temporis &quatio Aftronomica per Horologium<br />
ofcillatorium & Eclipfes Satellitum Jovis<br />
comprobatur 7, IF<br />
Tempora periodica corporum revolventium in<br />
Ellipiibus, ubi vires centripetz ad umbilicum<br />
tendunt I, I$<br />
Terra<br />
dimenfio per Picnvttm 3 78, I I, per Caflgtim<br />
3y8,2r, per No~~oorluna 378, 28<br />
figura invenitur, & propordo diamctrorum,<br />
& menfura grnduum in Mcridiano III,<br />
19, 20 -<br />
altitudinis ad AZquatorcm filpra altitudinem ad<br />
Poles qunntus iit exceffus 38 x,7 : 387, I<br />
fimi$inmcter maxima, minh & mcdiocris<br />
387, IO<br />
globus denlior elz quam ii totus cx Aqua con-<br />
hrCt 372, 31<br />
globus denlior eR ad centrum<br />
quam ad filper-<br />
ficiem 386, I:<br />
molcm indics augeri verofimile tit 47 3, I 8 :<br />
@I, 13<br />
axis nutatio 11X, 21<br />
motus annuus in Orbc magna demonfiratur<br />
III, 72, ‘3 : 478, 26<br />
Eccentricitas quanta fit 42 I, I 5<br />
Aphclii motus quantus fit 376, 33.<br />
V.<br />
Vacuum datur, vel fpatia omnia (G dicantus<br />
effe plena) non funt azqaalirer plena 328,n<br />
36% as<br />
8 z
Cor. 2<br />
Velocitates corporum in SeLkionibus conicis motornm,<br />
ubi vires ccntripek ad umbilicum<br />
tendunt I,. 16<br />
Veneris<br />
djfiantia a Sole 361, I<br />
tempus periodicum 370, 23<br />
Aphelii moms 376, 33.<br />
Virillm compoiitio & relolutio p. 14<br />
Yircs attraLtive corporunl<br />
fpI~~riCOlWtl1 cx particulis qnacunque lege<br />
trabentibus compofitorum 9 expcnduntur<br />
I, SC&. 12<br />
non fpkericorun~ ex pmticnlis qnacunque<br />
lege trahentibus compofitorum, espenduntur<br />
I, Se&. 13<br />
vjs ccntrifuga coryorum in Bquatorc Terra:<br />
quma fit 3791 2.2<br />
Vis centripcta definltur p. 2<br />
quan&as ejus abfoluta dcfi$tur p. 4<br />
quatltitas accelcratrix ~CfillltUl* p. 4<br />
qua&as matrix dcfillltW p. +<br />
yroportio cjas ad vim quamhket notam, qua<br />
rarionc colligenda fit, ofkndltur 40, r<br />
,vi&m CcntripetalXUI inventio, ubi corpus in<br />
{patio non rcfificntel circa ccntfwm imnlobile,<br />
in Orbe qu0CuII~~UC rCVohtur I, 6: I,<br />
Se&* 2 82 3<br />
Viribus ccnEripctis datis ad quodcuuque pun-<br />
&m fcn~cmibus, quibus. Figum qwvis a<br />
.- .’<br />
corporc ~.cr~olve~~te dehibi potefi ; dnntur<br />
vires ccntripetz ad aliud quodvis pun&m~<br />
tcndenrcs, qhibus eadem Figurn codcm tern--<br />
.p~re periodic0 defcribi pot& 44, 3<br />
Vu&us ccntripetis datis quibus Figura qurvis<br />
defcribitur a coryore revo1ventc.c; dantar vires<br />
quibus Figura nova deli-ribi potclt, li Ordinat32<br />
augeantur vel minuantur in ratione quacunquc<br />
data, vel angulus Ordinationis utcunque<br />
mutetur, nxmente tcmporc periodic0<br />
47, 28<br />
Viribus centripetis in dnplicatn &one difiantiarum<br />
decrekencibus, quznam k’iguw delcribi<br />
poffunt, oitenditur 5 3, 1 : I 50, 8<br />
Vi centripcta<br />
quze fit reciprocc at cubs ordinstirn applica.<br />
Ke tendcntis ad centrum virium maximc<br />
l0ngi11quum , corpus movebitur in dara<br />
quavis coni fXtionc 4~, 1<br />
qw fit ut cubus ordinatim applicata ten&n-.<br />
fis ad centrum virium maxime longincl uum,<br />
corpus movcbitur in Hyperbola 202, 7.6<br />
Umbra Terre&is in Eclipfibus Lunz auger& ck<br />
proptcr Atmof$harz rcfra6Conem 4,2~, 27.<br />
Umbra: Terre&is diametri non ftmt qualesj<br />
quanta fit differentia oRenditur 387, 8<br />
in aqua2 fiagnantis fiperficie propavelocitas,<br />
invenitur II, 46<br />
Voiticum natura 6% confiitutio ad examcn rcvoratur<br />
II, Se&. 9: 48 I, 2 x<br />
UC. Hujus vocuIae fignificatio Mathcmatica dc{<br />
,finitur 30, 19. 1<br />
. . L
ACT. 3, h. I 4 igc, C$o minur wit. ejus gravitas pro quantitatc mntdx vcl major kc.<br />
I’. ;> I. S [qy, ut cx veriorc ternpore nlcoiixent motus ,&c. P.If, l. 115 Iege, ham PH<br />
i!l plXl& kc. r. 17, 1. 20 loge, ccntri corporis tertii kc. p. 41, 1.3 zcge, runt reciyrocc ut<br />
vclocitatcs cwporis in puu&is P kg; kc. P. 44, i. 23 hge, re&nngdo &&LZX % It N+ ZN &c.<br />
P. 47. 1. ~xw!z. LL~F, iu Abfccifi pofitum rcndcntes a binis quibufvis figurarum lock, ad qua terminantw<br />
Ordinata correfpondcntibus Abfci~l~rum punLtis infiftentes, augentur vel &c. I’.549 I.4<br />
ZC~C, ut arca ~T%SP, qus dnto tcmpore dehibitur, du&a in &c. P. 51~ 1.25 Zege, Nimirum<br />
ii calit corporis kc. P,Gl, k12 Icgc, ita ut fit GA ad AS & Gw ad aS ut et% KK<br />
ad B S, .& ax kc. 1.1’5 Iegc, & cum iit GA ad AS ut Gti ad a~, erit divifim Ga ---GA<br />
SixI ~a ad ns -AS Seu SH in eadcm kc. P. S7, 1. 7 Zcge, per Protl. XIV. kc.<br />
P. 89 S: P. go iv j&w.3 jnngatw FB. P. 92 in figura junganrrrr FG & H 1. 2. ‘363<br />
Z. 2 Icge, perimetrunl BP tic, B. 16l, 1. S lege, motus uterqw wit UC tempus periodicurn<br />
corporis kc. P. 233, 1. I&. lege, $yzQRo3 +-kc. P. 244; 1.22 Iege,<br />
ZU@-273<br />
VG.<br />
n-2<br />
Y. 3 17, 1. pemlt. lefe, velocitntem i/lam mnximam H, &c. P. 367, I. s4 lege, eccentricitas<br />
foret &c. P. 379, 1. 13 2-c 23 Iege, vim centrihgam corporum &c. P. 4lf, 1. I I lege$<br />
f-kzc eR zquatio fimeftris motus Nodorum. ,R. 41J, 1. a$ lege, alteri ,fkneRri, alteri sutem<br />
menitrw j &c.<br />
J