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̳í³ñòåðñòâî îñâ³òè ³ íàóêè Óêðà¿íè<br />
Íàö³îíàëüíà þðèäè÷íà àêàäåì³ÿ Óêðà¿íè<br />
³ìåí³ ßðîñëàâà Ìóäðîãî<br />
Ç. Ì. Õîì³öüêà<br />
ËÀÒÈÍÑÜÊÀ ÌÎÂÀ<br />
ϳäðó÷íèê<br />
Çàòâåðäæåíî ̳í³ñòåðñòâîì îñâ³òè ³ íàóêè Óêðà¿íè<br />
ÿê ï³äðó÷íèê äëÿ ñòóäåíò³â þðèäè÷íèõ ñïåö³àëüíîñòåé<br />
âèùèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàä³â<br />
Õàðê³â<br />
«Ïðàâî»<br />
2004
2<br />
ÁÁÊ 81.2 Ëàò ÿ 73<br />
Õ 76<br />
ÓÄÊ 811.124<br />
Гриф «Затверджено Міністерством освіти і науки України як<br />
підручник для студентів юридичних спеціальностей вищих навчальних<br />
закладів» надано Міністерством освіти і науки України<br />
Ðåöåíçåíòè:<br />
Í. Ã. Êîðæ, ïðîôåñîð êàôåäðè çàðóá³æíî¿ ë³òåðàòóðè<br />
³ êëàñè÷íî¿ ô³ëîëî㳿 Õàðê³âñüêîãî íàö³îíàëüíîãî<br />
óí³âåðñèòåòó ³ì. Â. Í. Êàðàç³íà;<br />
Î. ². Áóðíîñ, êàíäèäàò ô³ëîëîã³÷íèõ íàóê, äîöåíò êàôåäðè<br />
ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè Õàðê³âñüêîãî ìåäè÷íîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó<br />
Õîì³öüêà Ç. Ì.<br />
Õ 76 Ëàòèíñüêà <strong>ìîâà</strong>. – Õ.: Ïðàâî, 2004. – 256 ñ.<br />
ISBN 966-8467-14-0<br />
Íà îñíîâ³ ïðîãðàìè «Ëàòèíñüêà <strong>ìîâà</strong>» ï³äðó÷íèê ì³ñòèòü â³äîìîñò³ ç<br />
ôîíåòèêè, ìîðôîëî㳿 òà ñèíòàêñèñó ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè, à òàêîæ âïðàâè, òåêñòè<br />
äëÿ ïåðåêëàäó, ëåêñè÷íèé ì³í³ìóì, ëàòèíñüêî-óêðà¿íñüêèé ñëîâíèê.<br />
ϳäðó÷íèê ïðèçíà÷åíèé äëÿ ñòóäåíò³â þðèäè÷íèõ ñïåö³àëüíîñòåé âèùèõ<br />
íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàä³â.<br />
ISBN 966-8467-14-0<br />
ÁÁÊ 81.2 Ëàò ÿ 73<br />
© Ç. Ì. Õîì³öüêà, 2004<br />
© «Ïðàâî», 2004
ÏÅÐÅÄÌÎÂÀ<br />
Ëàòèíñüêà <strong>ìîâà</strong> íàëåæèòü äî ÷èñëà íàéäàâí³øèõ ïèñåìíèõ<br />
ìîâ ³íäîºâðîïåéñüêî¿ ñ³ì’¿ ïîðÿä ³ç ñàíñêðèòîì ³ äàâíüîãðåöüêîþ.<br />
Äî ³íäîºâðîïåéñüêî¿ ñ³ì’¿ íàëåæàòü òàêîæ ñëîâ’ÿíñüê³, í³ìåöüê³,<br />
áàëò³éñüê³, ³ðàíñüê³, ³íä³éñüê³ òà ³íø³ ìîâè, ùî ðàçîì ç ëàòèíñüêîþ,<br />
äðåâíüîþ óìáðñüêîþ ñòàíîâëÿòü ³òàë³éñüêó ã³ëêó ö³º¿ ñ³ì’¿.<br />
Ëàòèíñüêà <strong>ìîâà</strong> îäåðæàëà ñâîþ íàçâó â³ä ïëåìåí³ ëàòèíÿí,<br />
ùî íàñåëÿëè â äàâíèíó íåâåëèêó îáëàñòü Ëàö³é (Latium), ðîçòàøîâàíó<br />
íà çàõîä³ ñåðåäíüî¿ ÷àñòèíè Àïåíí³íñüêîãî ï³âîñòðîâó.<br />
Öå ïëåì’ÿ, çã³äíî ç ïåðåêàçîì, çàñíóâàëî ó VIII ñò. äî í. å.<br />
ì³ñòî Ðèì (Roma). Ñàì³ ðèìëÿíè ââàæàëè äàòîþ çàñíóâàííÿ<br />
Ðèìó 753 ð. äî í. å.<br />
Äî ê³íöÿ III ñò. äî í. å. <strong>ëàòèíñüêà</strong> <strong>ìîâà</strong> ïàíóº íà âñ³é òåðèòîð³¿<br />
ðàáîâëàñíèöüêî¿ ôåäåðàö³¿, ùî óòâîðèëàñÿ íà òîé ÷àñ ï³ä âåðõîâåíñòâîì<br />
Ðèìó. Äî ïî÷àòêó I ñò. í. å. <strong>ëàòèíñüêà</strong> <strong>ìîâà</strong> ñòຠçàãàëüíî³òàë³éñüêîþ.<br />
Ïî÷èíàþ÷è ç II ñò. äî í. å. Ðèìñüêà ðåñïóáë³êà,<br />
çãîäîì ³ìïåð³ÿ, ïðîâàäèòü øèðîêó çàâîéîâíèöüêó ïîë³òèêó.<br />
Çà ïåð³îä äâîõ ñòîë³òü ï³ä âëàäîþ<br />
Ðèìó îïèíÿþòüñÿ Ìàêåäîí³ÿ,<br />
Ãðåö³ÿ, Ñèð³ÿ, ªãèïåò, îáëàñò³<br />
íà ï³âíî÷³ Áàëêàíñüêîãî<br />
ï³âîñòðîâó, ϳâí³÷íà Àôðèêà,<br />
Ãàëë³ÿ, Áðèòàí³ÿ. Ëèøå çà ÷àñ³â<br />
Òðàÿíà (98–117 ð. í. å.) çàâåðøóþòüñÿ<br />
çàâîþâàííÿ. Ïàí³âíîþ<br />
ìîâîþ íà çàâîéîâàí³é òåðèòîð³¿<br />
áóëà <strong>ëàòèíñüêà</strong>.<br />
Ó ðîçâèòêó ëàòèíñüêî¿<br />
ìîâè ïðîñòåæóþòüñÿ ê³ëüêà ïåð³îä³â.<br />
3
Àðõà¿÷íà ëàòèíü — V–II ñò. äî í. å., ïàì’ÿòêàìè ÿêî¿ ñëóæàòü:<br />
íàïèñ íà çîëîò³é çàñò³áö³, òàê çâàí³é ïåðåíåñòñüê³é ô³áóë³<br />
(600 ð. äî í. å.), ÷èñëåíí³ íàäãðîáí³ íàïèñè, îô³ö³éí³ äîêóìåíòè<br />
(íàïðèêëàä, åï³òàô³¿ ðèìñüêèõ ïîë³òè÷íèõ ä³ÿ÷³â Ñöèï³îí³â ³<br />
òåêñò ñåíàòñüêî¿ ïîñòàíîâè ïðî ñâÿòèëèùà áîãà Âàêõà). Ïðåäñòàâíèêàìè<br />
àðõà¿÷íîãî ïåð³îäó º äàâíüîðèìñüêèé êîìåä³îãðàô Ïëàâò<br />
³ äðàìàòóðã Òåðåíö³é.<br />
Ó 451–449 ðð. äî í. å. çàêîíîäàâ÷üîþ êîì³ñ³ºþ ç äåñÿòè ÷îëîâ³ê³â<br />
(decem viri) áóëè ðîçðîáëåí³ Çàêîíè Õ²² òàáëèöü (Leges<br />
duodêcim tabularum), ÿê³ ñòàëè îñíîâîþ ïîäàëüøîãî ïðàâîâîãî<br />
ðîçâèòêó Ðèìó, «äæåðåëîì óñüîãî ïóáë³÷íîãî òà ïðèâàòíîãî ïðàâà»<br />
(«fons omnis publîci privatique ... iuris» — Livius.).<br />
Êëàñè÷íà ëàòèíü — I ñò. äî í. å. — I ñò. í. å. Ñàìå â öåé<br />
ïåð³îä áóëè íàïèñàí³ âèäàòí³ òâîðè Öèöåðîíà, Öåçàðÿ, Ñàëëþñò³ÿ,<br />
Òèòà ˳â³ÿ, Ëóêðåö³ÿ, Êàòóëëà, Âåðã³ë³ÿ, Ãîðàö³ÿ é Îâ³ä³ÿ.<br />
Íîðìè êëàñè÷íî¿ ëàòèí³ º îñíîâîþ âèâ÷åííÿ ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè ó<br />
âèùèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäàõ.<br />
Ó öåé ïåð³îä ðîçâèâàºòüñÿ òâîð÷³ñòü íåçàëåæíèõ þðèñò³â. Ç<br />
³ìåíàìè äâîõ þðèñò³â, äâîõ âèäàòíèõ îñîáèñòîñòåé, ì³æ ÿêèìè<br />
³ñíóâàâ ïîë³òè÷íèé àíòîãîí³çì, — Àíòåÿ Êàïèòîíà òà Àíòèñò³ÿ<br />
Ëàáåîíà — ïîâ’ÿçóþòü âèíèêíåííÿ äâîõ ïðàâîâèõ øê³ë êëàñè÷íîãî<br />
ïåð³îäó: ïðîêóë³àíñüêî¿ òà ñàá³í³àíñüêî¿, ÿê³ áóëè íàçâàíè<br />
çà ³ìåíàìè ïîñë³äîâíèê³â öèõ øê³ë Ïðîêóëà, Ñàá³íà. Äî øêîëè<br />
ñàá³í³àíö³â íàëåæàëè Öåë³é Ñàá³í, ßâîëåí Ïðèñê, Àáóðí³é Âàëåíñ,<br />
Òóñö³àí, Ñàëüâ³é Þë³àí. Ñàá³í³àíö³ áóëè á³ëüø êîíñåðâàòèâíèìè,<br />
í³æ ïðîêóë³àíö³, ÿê³ ñóïåðíè÷àëè ç íèìè, á³ëüø áëèçüêèìè<br />
äî óðÿäîâî¿ ë³í³¿, çàéìàëèñÿ ïðàâîâîþ òåõíèêîþ òà ðîçðîáëÿëè<br />
ñèñòåìàòèêó ïðàâà. Äî ïðîêóë³àíö³â íàëåæàëè Êîêöåé Íåðâà (ä³ä<br />
³ìïåðàòîðà Íåðâè), Ïðîêóë, Íåðâà-ñèí, Ïåãàñ, Öåëüñ-áàòüêî,<br />
Þâåíö³é Öåëüñ-ñèí, Íåðàö³é Ïð³ñê. Ïðîêóë³àíö³ áóëè á³ëüø<br />
ñâîºð³äí³ òà íåçàëåæí³ ó íàóêîâîìó ïëàí³, í³æ ñàá³í³àíö³; âîíè<br />
ðîçâèâàëè òðàäèö³¿ ðåñïóáë³êàíñüêèõ þðèñò³â òà óñï³øíî ïðàöþâàëè<br />
â ãàëóç³ êàçó³ñòèêè.<br />
ϳñëÿêëàñè÷íèé ïåð³îä — I–II ñò. í. å. Ïðåäñòàâíèêàìè öüîãî<br />
ïåð³îäó º Ñåíåêà, Ìàðö³àë, Þâåíàë, Òàö³ò, Àïóëåé, <strong>ìîâà</strong> ÿêèõ<br />
â³äð³çíÿëàñÿ çíà÷íîþ ñâîºð³äí³ñòþ ó âèáîð³ ñòèë³ñòè÷íèõ çàñîá³â.<br />
Ó öåé ïåð³îä âèäàòí³ þðèñòè Ìóö³é Ñöåâîëà, Þí³é Áðóò,<br />
Ìàí³é Ìàí³ë³é áóëè íàçâàíè Ïîìïîí³ºì (âèäàòíèé þðèñò II ñò.,<br />
ÿêèé çàëèøèâ áàãàòî òâîð³â ð³çíî¿ òåìàòèêè) çàñíîâíèêàìè öèâ³ëüíîãî<br />
ïðàâà ó òîìó ðîçóì³íí³, ùî ñàìå öå ïîêîë³ííÿ þðèñò³â<br />
ñòâîðèëî þðèäè÷íó ë³òåðàòóðó, ÿêà îõîïëþº ðèìñüêó ïðàâîâó<br />
ñèñòåìó â ö³ëîìó.<br />
4
Ó II ñò. þðèñò Ôëîðåíòèí, ÿêèé íå íàëåæèòü äî æîäíî¿ ç³ øê³ë,<br />
ñêëàâ «²íñòèòóö³¿» (Ïîñ³áíèê îñíîâ ïðàâà) ó 12 êíèãàõ. Îäíî÷àñíî<br />
ç íèì ïðîâ³íö³éíèé ïðîôåñîð Ãàé ïèøå «²íñòèòóö³¿» ó 4 êíèãàõ, ÿê³<br />
ñòàëè íàéïîïóëÿðí³øèì ï³äðó÷íèêîì ç ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà â ïåð³îä<br />
àíòè÷íîñò³ — ºäèíèé êëàñè÷íèé òâ³ð, ùî ä³éøîâ äî íàñ ïîâí³ñòþ.<br />
Âèäàòí³ þðèñòè Öåëüñ, Þë³àí, éîãî ó÷åíü Ñåêñò Öåöèë³é Àôðèêàí,<br />
Óëüï³é Ìàðöåëë, Êëàâä³é Òðèôîíèí, Öåðâ³ä³é Ñöåâîëà òà<br />
éîãî ó÷åíü Ïàï³í³àí, Óëüï³àí, Ïàâë, Ìîäåñòèí (îñòàíí³é þðèñòêëàñèê,<br />
ó÷åíü Óëüï³àíà) ñòâîðèëè çíà÷í³ òâîðè. ²ñòîðè÷íå çíà÷åííÿ<br />
¿õ òâîð³â ïîëÿãຠâ òîìó, ùî ó ñâî¿õ ïðàöÿõ âîíè íàâîäèëè òåêñòè<br />
ð³çíèõ çàêîí³â (ïî÷èíàþ÷è ç äåÿêèõ òåêñò³â Çàêîíó XII òàáëèöü),<br />
åäèêò³â, ñòàðèõ êîíñòèòóö³é, ÿê³ ³íàêøå íå ä³éøëè á äî íàñ.<br />
Òâîðè íàéâèäàòí³øèõ þðèñò³â õàðàêòåðèçóþòü ¿õ ÿê äóæå<br />
îñâ³÷åíèõ ëþäåé. Âîíè ÷óäîâî çíàëè íå ëèøå ïðàö³ ñâî¿õ ïîïåðåäíèê³â,<br />
àëå é äóæå ÷àñòî öèòóâàëè ïîåò³â (çîêðåìà, Ãîìåðà),<br />
ô³ëîñîô³â, îðàòîð³â (ãðåöüêèõ òà ðèìñüêèõ, íàïðèêëàä Äåìîñôåíà<br />
òà Öèöåðîíà).<br />
ϳçíÿ ëàòèíü — III–VI ñò. Ó 313 ð. ³ìïåðàòîð Êîñòÿíòèí<br />
âèäຠ̳ëàíñüêèé Åäèêò, ÿêèé ñòàâèòü õðèñòèÿíñòâî ó ð³âíå<br />
ïîëîæåííÿ ç ³íøèìè â³ðîñïîâ³äàííÿìè. Ç’ÿâëÿºòüñÿ õðèñòèÿíñüêà<br />
ë³òåðàòóðà ëàòèíñüêîþ ìîâîþ — óºðîí³ì (348–420), Àâãóñòèí<br />
(354–430). Ó IV–V ñòîë³òòÿõ þðèñòè íå ìàëè ³íòåëåêòóàëüíî¿ ñàìîñò³éíîñò³:<br />
íàäòî âåëèêèì áóâ àâòîðèòåò íàóêîâî¿ ñïàäùèíè<br />
¿õí³õ ïîïåðåäíèê³â. Âîíè âíîñèëè çì³íè â ïðàö³ êëàñèê³â, ÿê³ ïðîäîâæóâàëè<br />
ñëóæèòè íàâ÷àëüíîþ ë³òåðàòóðîþ. ϳä ÷àñ ïðàâë³ííÿ<br />
Þñòèí³àíà (527–565) áóëà â³äðîäæåíà íà äåðæàâíîìó ð³âí³ þðèäè÷íà<br />
êóëüòóðà òà þðèäè÷íà îñâ³òà.<br />
Çà Þñòèí³àíà áóëà çä³éñíåíà êîäèô³êàö³ÿ ïðàâà, òåêñòè ÿêî¿ ó<br />
Çàõ³äí³é ªâðîï³ âèâ÷àëèñÿ ÿê Corpus iuris civilis (Çâ³ä öèâ³ëüíîãî<br />
ïðàâà). Äî íüîãî âõîäèâ îô³ö³éíèé ï³äðó÷íèê Institutiones (532 ð.),<br />
ñêëàäåíèé íà ï³äñòàâ³ «²íñòèòóö³é» Ãàÿ, Ôëîðåíòèíà, Ìàðö³àíà,<br />
Óëüï³àíà òà ³íøèõ åëåìåíòàðíèõ òâîð³â; àíòîëîã³ÿ òâîð³â êëàñèê³â<br />
Digesta (530–533), ÿê³ áóëè òà çàëèøàþòüñÿ íå ëèøå ïàì’ÿòêîþ<br />
³ñòî𳿠ïðàâà, àëå é ë³òåðàòóðè ³ åñòåòèêè, çá³ðíèê ³ìïåðàòîðñüêèõ<br />
êîíñòèòóö³é — Codex (âñòóïèâ ó ñèëó â 534 ð.).<br />
Ëàòèíñüêà <strong>ìîâà</strong> (¿¿ íàðîäíî-ðîçìîâíèé ð³çíîâèä) ñòàëà îñíîâîþ<br />
ðîìàíñüêî¿ ãðóïè ìîâ, äî ÿêî¿ íàëåæàòü: ³òàë³éñüêà, ôðàíöóçüêà,<br />
ïðîâàíñàëüñüêà, ³ñïàíñüêà, ïîðòóãàëüñüêà, ðóìóíñüêà,<br />
ìîëäàâñüêà òà äåÿê³ ³íø³.<br />
 åïîõó ñåðåäíüîâ³÷÷ÿ <strong>ëàòèíñüêà</strong> <strong>ìîâà</strong> çáåð³ãàëà ñâîº çíà÷åííÿ<br />
ãîëîâíèì ÷èíîì ÿê <strong>ìîâà</strong> þðèñïðóäåíö³¿, ìåäèöèíè, äèïëî-<br />
5
ìàò³¿, öåðêâè ³ ë³òåðàòóðè, ëàòèíîþ âèêëàäàëè â ïî÷àòêîâ³é øêîë³<br />
òà â óí³âåðñèòåòàõ.<br />
 åïîõó ³äðîäæåííÿ ðîçâèâàþòüñÿ íàö³îíàëüí³ ìîâè, àëå<br />
ëàòèíà çàëèøàºòüñÿ ìîâîþ íàóêè òà îñâ³òè. Ç ìîìåíòó âèíàõîäó<br />
äðóêàðñòâà (ñåðåäèíà XV ñò.) ÷èñëåíí³ ïðàö³ áóëè íàïèñàí³ ³ âèäàí³<br />
ëàòèíñüêîþ ìîâîþ. Òðàäèö³ÿ ïèñàòè ö³ºþ ìîâîþ íàóêîâ³<br />
òðàêòàòè ³ òâîðè ïðîñòåæóºòüñÿ äî äðóãî¿ ïîëîâèíè XIX ñò.<br />
Ëàòèíîþ ïèñàëè ñâî¿ òâîðè Á. Ñï³íîçà (1632–1677), ². Íüþòîí<br />
(1643–1727), Å. Ðîòòåðäàìñüêèé (1466–1536), Òîìàñ Ìîð<br />
(1478–1535), Ôåîôàí Ïðîêîïîâè÷ (1681–1736), Ìèõàéëî Ëîìîíîñîâ<br />
(1711–1765), Ãðèãîðèé Ñêîâîðîäà (1722–1794) òà áàãàòî<br />
³íøèõ.<br />
Ëàòèíñüêà <strong>ìîâà</strong> ïî ïðàâó ââàæàºòüñÿ ìàòåðèíñüêîþ ìîâîþ<br />
þðèñïðóäåíö³¿. Þðèäè÷íà òåðì³íîëîã³ÿ çíà÷íîþ ì³ðîþ ñôîð<strong>ìîâà</strong>íà<br />
ç ëàòèíñüêèõ ñë³â: þðèñïðóäåíö³ÿ, þñòèö³ÿ, ïðîöåñ, àäâîêàò,<br />
ïðåçóìïö³ÿ, åêñïåðòèçà, òðèáóíàë, åêñãóìàö³ÿ, êðèì³íàë³ñòèêà,<br />
â³íäèêàö³ÿ òà ³í.<br />
Ëàòèíñüêà <strong>ìîâà</strong> º íåâ³ä’ºìíîþ ÷àñòèíîþ þðèäè÷íî¿ îñâ³òè,<br />
âîíà äîïîìîæå ìàéáóòíüîìó þðèñòó ïîâí³øå âèâ÷èòè ðèìñüêå<br />
ïðàâî — Ius Romanum, ÿêå ó ñåðåäíüîâ³÷÷ÿ íàçèâàëè ratio scripta —<br />
ïèñàíèé ðîçóì, ³ ÿêå º îñíîâîþ ñó÷àñíî¿ ïðàâîâî¿ íàóêè òà<br />
íåâ³ä’ºìíîþ ÷àñòèíîþ ñâ³òîâî¿ êóëüòóðè.<br />
Öåé ï³äðó÷íèê ïðèçíà÷åíèé äëÿ âèâ÷åííÿ åëåìåíòàðíîãî êóðñó<br />
ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè íà þðèäè÷íèõ ôàêóëüòåòàõ âèùèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ<br />
çàêëàä³â.<br />
ϳäðó÷íèê ñêëàäåíèé â³äïîâ³äíî äî ïðîãðàìè êóðñó «Ëàòèíñüêà<br />
<strong>ìîâà</strong>». Ìåòà ï³äðó÷íèêà ïîëÿãຠâ òîìó, ùîá äîïîìîãòè<br />
ìàéáóòíüîìó þðèñòó â îâîëîä³íí³ îñíîâíèìè ïîëîæåííÿìè<br />
þðèäè÷íî¿ îñâ³òè, ùî ì³ñòÿòüñÿ â ðèìñüêîìó ïðàâ³, ðîçóì³íí³ íàóêîâî¿<br />
³ ïðàâîâî¿ òåðì³íîëî㳿.<br />
6
§ 1. ÔÎÍÅÒÈÊÀ<br />
LECTIO I (PRIMA)<br />
Êëàñè÷íà <strong>ëàòèíñüêà</strong> <strong>ìîâà</strong> çáåðåãëàñÿ ò³ëüêè â ïèñåìíèõ ïàì’ÿòêàõ.<br />
Òîìó ïîíÿòòÿ ôîíåòèêà, âè<strong>ìîâà</strong>, çâóê ñòîñîâíî ëàòèíñüêî¿<br />
ìîâè º óìîâíèìè. Ó òàáëèö³ àëôàâ³òó ïîäàºòüñÿ òðàäèö³éíà<br />
âè<strong>ìîâà</strong>, ÿêà ä³éøëà äî íàøèõ ÷àñ³â çàâäÿêè òîìó, ùî <strong>ëàòèíñüêà</strong><br />
<strong>ìîâà</strong> ÿê íàâ÷àëüíèé ïðåäìåò íå ïðèïèíÿëà ñâîãî ³ñíóâàííÿ.<br />
ÀËÔÀ²Ò<br />
Ëàòèíñüêèé àëôàâ³ò ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç 24 ë³òåð 1 .<br />
<br />
A a a <br />
B b <br />
C c , <br />
D d <br />
E e <br />
F f <br />
G g <br />
H h <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
I , <br />
actum —<br />
, <br />
bis —<br />
<br />
Cicro —<br />
<br />
consensus —<br />
<br />
debtum —<br />
<br />
edictum —<br />
,<br />
<br />
fortuna —<br />
, <br />
gloria —<br />
<br />
homo —<br />
<br />
initium —<br />
;<br />
ius —<br />
<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
1 Ó äåÿêèõ ï³äðó÷íèêàõ ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè íàâîäèòüñÿ àëôàâ³ò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ<br />
ç 25 áóêâ. Äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ íåñêëàäîâîãî i ó XVI ñò. áóëà ââåäåíà ïðèãîëîñíà<br />
ë³òåðà j. Ó ð³çíèõ ñëîâíèêàõ ³ âèäàííÿõ ðèìñüêèõ àâòîð³â ìîæíà<br />
çóñòð³òè ð³çíå íàïèñàííÿ îäíîãî é òîãî ñàìîãî ñëîâà, íàïðèêëàä iudex ³ judex.<br />
Ïðè êîðèñòóâàíí³ ëàòèíñüêî-óêðà¿íñüêèì ñëîâíèêîì ñë³ä ç’ÿñóâàòè, ÷è çàñòîñîâóºòüñÿ<br />
ó íüîìó ë³òåðà j. Íàìè ïðèéíÿòà ñèñòåìà ç íåñêëàäîâèì i.<br />
7
8<br />
K k <br />
L l ’<br />
M m <br />
N n <br />
O o <br />
P p <br />
Q q <br />
R r <br />
S s , <br />
T t <br />
U u <br />
V v <br />
X x <br />
Y y <br />
Z z <br />
Kalendae —<br />
<br />
legitmus<br />
<br />
memoria —<br />
’<br />
nota —<br />
, <br />
octavus —<br />
<br />
patria —<br />
<br />
querela —<br />
<br />
Romanus —<br />
<br />
strictus —<br />
;<br />
causa —<br />
<br />
tribunal —<br />
,<br />
<br />
<br />
universtas —<br />
,<br />
<br />
victoria —<br />
<br />
lex —<br />
<br />
syngrapha —<br />
<br />
<br />
gaza —<br />
<br />
[]<br />
[’]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[’]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
[’]<br />
[]<br />
[]<br />
§ 2. ÂÈÌÎÂÀ ÃÎËÎÑÍÈÕ ² ÄÈÔÒÎÍòÂ<br />
Ãîëîñíèì çâóêàì â³äïîâ³äàþòü ë³òåðè a, e, ³, o, u, y. Çâóêè [a],<br />
[o], [u] âèìîâëÿþòüñÿ ÿê óêðà¿íñüê³ [à], [î], [ó]. Íàïðèêëàä: arma<br />
[àðìà] — çáðîÿ, orator [îðàòîð] — îðàòîð, urbanus [óðáàíóñ] —<br />
ì³ñüêèé.<br />
Áóêâà å âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê [å], íàïðèêëàä: edictum [åä³êòóì] —<br />
åäèêò.
Áóêâà ³, ùî ñòî¿òü ïåðåä ãîëîñíîþ íà ïî÷àòêó ñëîâà àáî ì³æ<br />
ãîëîñíèìè, âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê [é], â ³íøèõ ïîçèö³ÿõ ÿê [³], íàïðèêëàä:<br />
iunior [éóí³îð] — ìîëîäøèé, debîtum [äåá³òóì] — áîðã.<br />
Áóêâà y âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê [³] ³ âæèâàºòüñÿ ó ñëîâàõ ãðåöüêîãî<br />
ïîõîäæåííÿ, íàïðèêëàä: gyrus [ã³ðóñ] — êîëî.<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ³ñíóº 4 äèôòîíãè (äâîãîëîñí³): ae, oe, au,<br />
eu. Äèôòîíãè âèìîâëÿþòüñÿ ó òàêèì ÷èíîì:<br />
ae — [å], íàïðèêëàä: aes [åñ] — ì³äü;<br />
oe — [å], íàïðèêëàä: poena [ïåíà] — ïîêàðàííÿ;<br />
au — [àó]; eu — [åó].<br />
Ó äâîõ îñòàíí³õ äèôòîíãàõ çâóê [ó] êîðîòêèé, íàãîëîñ ïàäàº<br />
íà ïåðøèé çâóê, íàïðèêëàä: aurum [àóðóì] — çîëîòî, Europa<br />
[åóðîïà] — ªâðîïà. Ó âèïàäêàõ, êîëè íåîáõ³äíî ïðî÷èòàòè îêðåìî<br />
ãîëîñí³, ùî âõîäÿòü ó äèôòîíãè, íàä îäí³ºþ ç íèõ ñòàâèòüñÿ òðåìà:<br />
a¸r [àåð] — ïîâ³òðÿ.<br />
§ 3. ÂÈÌÎÂÀ ÏÐÈÃÎËÎÑÍÈÕ<br />
² ÁÓÊÂÎÑÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÜ<br />
Áóêâà c ó êëàñè÷í³é ëàòèí³ âæèâàëàñÿ ò³ëüêè äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ<br />
çâóêà [ê].  IV—V ñò. í. å. ïåðåä çâóêàìè [e], [i] âîíà ïî÷àëà âèìîâëÿòèñÿ<br />
ÿê [ts], ùî â³äïîâ³äຠóêðà¿íñüêîìó çâóêó, ÿêèé ïîçíà-<br />
÷àºòüñÿ ë³òåðîþ ö. Ïðè òðàäèö³éí³é âèìîâ³ ë³òåðà ñ ÷èòàºòüñÿ ÿê<br />
[ö], ÿêùî âîíà ñòî¿òü ïåðåä e, ³, y, ae, oe, ³ ÿê [ê] â ³íøèõ ïîçèö³ÿõ,<br />
íàïðèêëàä: ceterum [öeòåðóì] — óò³ì, civis [ö³â³ñ] — ãðîìàäÿíèí,<br />
cytus [ö³òóñ] — êë³òèíà, caecus [öåêóñ] — ñë³ïèé, coetus<br />
[öåòóñ] — çáîðè, color [êîëîð] — ôàðáà, factum [ôàêòóì] — ä³ÿ.<br />
Áóêâà l âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ì’ÿêî [ë’], íàïðèêëàä: locus [ë’îêóñ] —<br />
ì³ñöå.<br />
Áóêâà q âæèâàºòüñÿ ò³ëüêè ó ñïîëó÷åíí³ ç u ³ âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê<br />
[êâ], íàïðèêëàä: quinque [êâ³íêâå] — ï’ÿòü.<br />
Áóêâà s, ùî ñòî¿òü ì³æ ãîëîñíèìè ³ ì³æ ãîëîñíèì òà ïðèãîëîñíèìè<br />
n àáî m, âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê [ç], â ³íøèõ ïîçèö³ÿõ ÿê [ñ],<br />
íàïðèêëàä: casus [êàçóñ] — âèïàäîê, fraus [ôðàóñ] — îáìàí.<br />
Áóêâà x âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê [êñ], íàïðèêëàä: felix [ôåë³êñ] —<br />
ùàñëèâèé.<br />
Áóêâà z âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê [ç] ³ âæèâàºòüñÿ ó çàïîçè÷åíèõ ñëîâàõ,<br />
íàïðèêëàä: gaza [ãàçà] — ñêàðáíèöÿ.<br />
Áóêâîñïîëó÷åííÿ ngu ïåðåä ãîëîñíèìè âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê [íãâ],<br />
íàïðèêëàä: lingua [ë³íãâà] — <strong>ìîâà</strong>.<br />
9
Áóêâîñïîëó÷åííÿ ti ó ïîçèö³¿ ïåðåä ãîëîñíèìè âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ<br />
ÿê [ö³], ï³ñëÿ ïðèãîëîñíèõ s, t, x âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê [ò³], íàïðèêëàä:<br />
ratio [ðàö³î] — ðîçóì, bestia [áåñò³à] — çâ³ð.<br />
Íàñòóïí³ áóêâîñïîëó÷åííÿ çóñòð³÷àþòüñÿ ò³ëüêè ó ñëîâàõ ãðåöüêîãî<br />
ïîõîäæåííÿ: ch âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ ÿê [õ], ph — ÿê [ô], rh — ÿê [ð],<br />
th — ÿê [ò], íàïðèêëàä: chaos [õàîñ] — õàîñ, triumphus [òð³óìôóñ] —<br />
òð³óìô, rhetor [ðåòîð] — îðàòîð, thema [òåìà] — òåìà.<br />
10<br />
§ 4. ÄÎÂÃÎÒÀ ² ÊÎÐÎÒʲÑÒÜ ÇÂÓʲÂ. ÍÀÃÎËÎÑ<br />
Ãîëîñí³ ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè ìîæóòü áóòè äîâãèìè ³ êîðîòêèìè,<br />
ùî ìຠâåëèêå çíà÷åííÿ äëÿ ïðàâèëüíî¿ ïîñòàíîâêè íàãîëîñó. Ó<br />
íàâ÷àëüíèõ ïîñ³áíèêàõ, ñëîâíèêàõ ³ ò. ä. äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ äîâãîòè<br />
³ êîðîòêîñò³ âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ â³äïîâ³äíî íàäðÿäêîâ³ çíàêè ¯<br />
³ â , ùî ñòàâëÿòüñÿ íàä ãîëîñíèìè, íàïðèêëàä: à, â.<br />
Ó íàøîìó ï³äðó÷íèêó äîâãîòà ³ êîðîòê³ñòü ïîçíà÷àºòüñÿ<br />
ò³ëüêè ó âèïàäêàõ, êîëè öå íåîáõ³äíî äëÿ ïîñòàíîâêè íàãîëîñó, äëÿ<br />
âèçíà÷åííÿ çíà÷åííÿ ³ ãðàìàòè÷íî¿ ôîðìè ñëîâà.<br />
Íàãîëîñ ó ëàòèíñüêèõ ñëîâàõ ïàäຠíà äðóãèé ñêëàä â³ä ê³íöÿ<br />
ñëîâà, ÿêùî â³í äîâãèé, ïåðåõîäèòü íà òðåò³é ñêëàä, ÿêùî äðóãèé<br />
ñêëàä êîðîòêèé. Íà îñòàíí³é ñêëàä ³ äàë³ í³æ íà òðåò³é<br />
ñêëàä â³ä ê³íöÿ ñëîâà, ÿê ïðàâèëî, íàãîëîñ íå ïàäàº.<br />
Îòæå, äëÿ ïðàâèëüíî¿ ïîñòàíîâêè íàãîëîñó íåîáõ³äíî ç’ÿñóâàòè,<br />
ÿêèé ñêëàä º äîâãèì, ÿêèé êîðîòêèì.<br />
Äîâãèé ñêëàä óòâîðþþòü äîâã³ ãîëîñí³.<br />
Äèôòîíãè â³ä ïðèðîäè äîâã³: europaeus – ºâðîïåéñüêèé.<br />
Ãîëîñíèé äîâãèé, ÿêùî â³í ñòî¿òü ïåðåä äâîìà ÷è á³ëüøå ïðèãîëîñíèìè<br />
³ ïåðåä x, z (âèíÿòîê ñòàíîâëÿòü ïðèãîëîñí³ p, b, t, d,<br />
c, g ó ñïîëó÷åíí³ ç l ÷è r): argumentum – àðãóìåíò, äîêàç; codicillus –<br />
êîäèö³ë, äîäàòêîâå çàïîâ³äàëüíå ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ.<br />
Êîðîòêèé ñêëàä óòâîðþþòü êîðîòê³ ãîëîñí³.<br />
Ãîëîñíèé, ùî ñòî¿òü ïåðåä ãîëîñíèì: praesumptîo – ïðåçóìö³ÿ,<br />
ïðèïóùåííÿ.<br />
Ãîëîñíèé, ùî ñòî¿òü ïåðåä ñïîëó÷åííÿì ïðèãîëîñíîãî ç h (â<br />
ãðåöüêèõ ñëîâàõ): chirogrâphum – áîðãîâà ðîçïèñêà.<br />
Äîâã³ çà ïðèðîäîþ ãîëîñí³ äðóãîãî ñêëàäó ìè íå áóäåìî ïîçíà÷àòè<br />
í³ÿêèìè çíàêàìè: advocatus — àäâîêàò, natura — ïðèðîäà;<br />
testator — çàïîâ³äà÷.<br />
Êîðîòêè çà ïðèðîäîþ ãîëîñí³ äðóãîãî ñêëàäó ïîçíà÷àþòüñÿ<br />
çíàêîì êîðîòêîñò³: civîtas — ãðîìîäÿíñòâî, äåðæàâà; duodêcim —<br />
äâàíàäöÿòü; defendêre — çàõèùàòè.
Âïðàâè äëÿ ÷èòàííÿ<br />
1. Mens — ðîçóì; libertas — âîëÿ; ego — ÿ; deposîtum — äåïîçèò,<br />
ð³÷, â³ääàíà íà çáåðåæåííÿ; necessarius — íåîáõ³äíèé;<br />
error — ïîìèëêà.<br />
2. Ius — ïðàâî; iniuria — íåñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü; iudex — ñóääÿ;<br />
vita — æèòòÿ; punire — êàðàòè; privatus — ïðèâàòíèé; fides —<br />
â³ðà; äîâ³ðà; iudicium — ñóä; ð³øåííÿ; Gaius — Ãàé.<br />
3. Lyra — ë³ðà; syllabus — ñïèñîê; çàãîëîâîê ñóäîâèõ ð³øåíü;<br />
mysterium — òàºìíèöÿ; synodus — ñèíîä.<br />
4. Praetor — ïðåòîð; foedus — ñîþç; oeconomia — ïðàâèëüíå<br />
ãîñïîäàðñòâî; saecûlum — ð³ä, ñòîë³òòÿ; Graecia — Ãðåö³ÿ;<br />
poeta — ïîåò; auditorium — çàë ñóäîâèõ çàñ³äàíü; coemptio —<br />
êóï³âëÿ; auxilium — äîòàö³ÿ; neutrum — ñåðåäí³é.<br />
5. Causa — ïðè÷èíà; Caesar — Öåçàð; consensus — óãîäà,<br />
tunc — òîä³; collegium — êîëåã³ÿ; culpa — ïðîâèíà; scire — çíàòè;<br />
credîtor — êðåäèòîð; ecclesia — çáîðè; öåðêâà; suicidum —<br />
ñàìîãóáñòâî; curator — îï³êóí; crimen — çëî÷èí; caput — ãîëîâà;<br />
et cetêra — ³ òàê äàë³; coelum — íåáî; custodia — îõîðîíà;<br />
centum — ñòî; carcer — â’ÿçíèöÿ; Cyprus — ʳïð; credo — ñèìâîë<br />
â³ðè, ïåðåêîíàííÿ; consul — êîíñóë.<br />
6. Anîmal — òâàðèíà; difficîlis — âàæêèé; consultum — ðàäà;<br />
legitîmus — çàêîííèé.<br />
7. Cîlloquium — ðîç<strong>ìîâà</strong>, ñï³âáåñ³äà; quasi — íà÷åáòî, ìàéæå;<br />
quaestor — ñë³ä÷èé; quadrûpes — ÷îòèðèíîãà òâàðèíà;<br />
quando — êîëè; quattuor — ÷îòèðè; quantum — ñê³ëüêè;<br />
aquaeductus — âîäîïðîâ³ä.<br />
8. Mensis — ì³ñÿöü; basis — îñíîâà, ï³äґðóíòÿ; usus — êîðèñòóâàííÿ;<br />
status — ñòàí; risus — ñì³õ; rustîcus — ñ³ëüñüêèé;<br />
sensus — ñåíñ; absolvêre — âèïðàâäîâóâàòè.<br />
9. Lex — çàêîí; codex — ñòîâáóð, êíèãà; exemplar — çðàçîê;<br />
vox — <strong>ìîâà</strong>, ãîëîñ; rex — öàð; examinare — âèïðîáóâàòè.<br />
10. Zona — ïîÿñ; zephyrus — çåô³ð, çàõ³äíèé âåñíÿíèé â³òåð;<br />
zodiâcus — çîä³àê.<br />
11. Sanguis — êðîâ; bilinguis — äâîìîâíèé; unguis — í³ãîòü.<br />
12. Iurisdictio — þðèñäèêö³ÿ; lectio — óðîê; ÷èòàííÿ;<br />
licentia — ìîæëèâ³ñòü; ïðàâî; conditio — ó<strong>ìîâà</strong>; mixtio — çì³øóâàííÿ;<br />
sanctio — íåïîðóøíèé çàêîí, äîãîâ³ðíà ñòàòòÿ; Attius —<br />
Àòò³é (ðèìñüêå ³ì’ÿ); ignorant³à — íåçíàííÿ; scientia — çíàííÿ,<br />
iustitia — ïðàâîñóääÿ.<br />
11
13. Thesis — ïîëîæåííÿ; charta — ïàï³ð; rhetorîca — ìèñòåöòâî<br />
êðàñíîìîâñòâà; theatrum — òåàòð; philosophia — ô³ëîñîô³ÿ;<br />
schola — øêîëà; authentîcus — ñïðàâæí³é; thermae — òåïë³ àáî<br />
êóïàëüí³ äæåðåëà; phantasia — óÿâà, ³äåÿ, äóìêà.<br />
14. Arbîter, philosôphus, Gaius, rector, decanus, professor,<br />
victoria, iustitia, fortuna, respublîca, orator, alîbi, interdictum, latinus,<br />
ius Romanum, ius civile, ius publîcum, ius privatum, ius gentium,<br />
codex Gregorianus, Fragmenta Vaticana, Iulii Pauli sententiarum ad<br />
filium libri quinque, collatio legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum,<br />
corpus iuris civilis, leges Duodêcim tabularum, ad edictum, lex<br />
Romana Burgundiorum de iure pontificio, Marcus Tullius Marci filius<br />
Corneliana Cicêro.<br />
12<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Yulius Paulus<br />
Þë³é Ïàâë (æèâ íà ìåæ³ II-III ñò. í. å.)<br />
Ó÷åíü Êâ³íòà Öåðâ³ä³ÿ Ñöåâîëè, àäâîêàò, ïîì³÷íèê ïðåôåêòà<br />
ãâàð䳿, ïîò³ì â³â ùîäåííèê ïðèíöåïñà, òîáòî çàïèñóâàâ éîãî<br />
âèñòóïè ³ çàâ³äóâàâ éîãî êîðåñïîíäåíö³ºþ (magister memoriae).<br />
Ïðè Îëåêñàíäð³ Ñåâåð³ îäåðæàâ ïîñàäó ïðåôåêòà ãâàð䳿<br />
(praefectus praetorio) ðàçîì ç³ ñâî¿ì êîëåãîþ Óëüï³àíîì.<br />
Ç ÷èñëà ðèìñüêèõ þðèñò³â Ïàâë áóâ íàéïë³äí³øèì ïèñüìåííèêîì,<br />
ïðèáëèçíî øîñòà ÷àñòèíà Äèãåñò — öå óðèâêè ç éîãî<br />
òâîð³â. Ïàâë çàëèøèâ ï³ñëÿ ñåáå 86 òâîð³â ó 319 êíèãàõ (ñóâîÿõ).<br />
Ç íèõ Notae (íîòàòêè äî ïðàöü Þë³àíà, Íåðàö³ÿ, Ñöåâîëè ³ Ïàï³í³àíà,<br />
êîìåíòàð³ Ad Plautium (äî òâîð³â Ïëàâò³ÿ), Ad edictum<br />
(äî ºäèêòó — 76 êíèã) ³ Ad Sabinum (äî òâîð³â Ñàá³íà). Quaestiones<br />
(Ïèòàííÿ) ³ Responsa (³äïîâ³ä³) Ïàâë ïðèñâÿòèâ êàçó¿ñòèö³,<br />
äëÿ íàâ÷àëüíèõ ö³ëåé íàïèñàâ Sententiae ad filium (Íàñòàíîâè<br />
ñèíó), ÿê³ áóëè äóæå ïîïóëÿðí³ â ï³çí³øèé ÷àñ ³ íàáóëè<br />
ñèëó çàêîíó, Institutiones (²íñòèòóö³¿) ³ Regûlae (Ïðàâèëà).<br />
Þë³é Ïàâë ïðàöþâàâ íàä áåçë³÷÷þ ïðîáëåì ç ð³çíèõ ãàëóçåé<br />
ïóáë³÷íîãî ³ ïðèâàòíîãî ïðàâà, ìàâ þðèäè÷íó åðóäèö³þ, çóì³â<br />
óçàãàëüíèòè â ëàêîí³÷íî òî÷í³ âèçíà÷åííÿ çíà÷íèé êàçó¿ñòè÷íèé<br />
ìàòåð³àë. Ñòèñë³ñòü, àôîðèñòè÷í³ñòü, åôåêòí³ñòü, âëàñòèâà ñòèëþ<br />
Ïàâëà, äîçâîëÿþòü ³ äîíèí³ áàãàòüîì ïîëîæåííÿì ïðàâà, ùî áóëè<br />
âèñëîâëåí³ íèì, íå âòðàòèòè ñâ ïåðåêîíëèâîñò³ ³ êðàñè.
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Leges XII (duodêcim) tabularum, leges decemvirales (451–450 ðð.<br />
äî í. å.) — Çàêîíè XII òàáëèöü – êîäèô³êàö³ÿ ïðàâà, ðåçóëüòàò<br />
ä³ÿëüíîñò³ 10 ÷ëåí³â êîì³ñ³¿; ãîëîâíå ïðèçíà÷åííÿ — çàõèñò ïëåáå¿â<br />
â³ä ïàòðèö³¿â. Âîíè ñòàëè â³äïðàâíèì ïóíêòîì óñüîãî ðèìñüêîãî<br />
ïðàâà. Áóëè îïóáë³êîâàí³ íà 12 äåðåâ’ÿíèõ òàáëèöÿõ, ùî çàãèíóëè<br />
ï³ä ÷àñ ãàëëüñüêîãî âòîðãíåííÿ ó 387 ð. äî í. å. Çáåðåãëèñÿ ëèøå<br />
öèòàòè íàáàãàòî ï³çí³øèõ àâòîð³â. Íèí³øíÿ êëàñèô³êàö³ÿ òàáëèöü<br />
— ïë³ä øòó÷íî¿ (õî÷à é íàóêîâî¿) ñèñòåìàòèçàö³¿. Äî ÷èñëà<br />
àâòîð³â, ùî ïîâ³äîìëÿþòü ïðî çì³ñò Çàêîí³â XII òàáëèöü, íàëåæàòü<br />
Öèöåðîí, Óëüï³àí, Ãàé, Ïàâë, Ïîìïîí³é òà ³íø³ êëàñè÷í³ þðèñòè.<br />
ARS<br />
Forum Romanum – Ðèìñüêèé<br />
ôîðóì (forum – öåíòðàëüíà<br />
ïëîùà, öåíòð ñóñï³ëüíîãî,<br />
ïîë³òè÷íîãî, ñóäîâîãî ³ ä³ëîâîãî<br />
æèòòÿ ì³ñòà), ðîçòàøîâàíèé<br />
íà ñõ³äíîìó áîö³ Êàï³òîë³éñüêîãî<br />
³ ï³âí³÷íîìó Ïàëàòèíñüêîãî<br />
ïàãîðá³â, áóâ öåíòðîì ïîë³òè÷íîãî ³ ãîñïîäàðñüêîãî æèòòÿ<br />
Ðèìó. Òóò ñòîÿëè âåëè÷í³ õðàìè ³ âåëè÷åçí³ áàçèë³êè (basilîca —<br />
1. òîðãîâåëüíå ïðèì³ùåííÿ — «ðÿäè», ÷óäîâèé áóäèíîê ³ç äâîìà<br />
ðÿäàìè êîëîí íà Ðèìñüêîìó ôîðóì³ ç çàëàìè äëÿ ñóäîâèõ çàñ³äàíü<br />
³ òîðãîâåëüíèõ îïåðàö³é; 2. õðèñòèÿíñüêèé õðàì). Äëÿ îðàòîð³â áóëè<br />
âëàøòîâàí³ òðèáóíè. Á³ëÿ ìàéäàí÷èêà äëÿ îðàòîð³â áóëè ðîçòàøîâàí³<br />
âèð³çàí³ íà ì³äíèõ äîøêàõ Çàêîíè XII òàáëèöü. Êðàñèâ³ êîëîíè<br />
ïîðòèê³â (portîcus — êðèòà ãàëåðåÿ) îáëÿìîâóâàëè ôîðóì. Ìàðìóðîâèõ<br />
³ áðîíçîâèõ ñòàòóé òóò âñòàíîâëþâàëîñÿ ÷àñîì òàê áàãàòî,<br />
ùî ñåíàò äàâàâ ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ çíÿòè äåÿê³ ç íèõ. Âëàøòîâóâàëèñÿ<br />
³íîä³ é ñâîºð³äí³ âèñòàâêè. Çà ñâ³ä÷åííÿì ñòàðîäàâíüîãî àâòîðà, îäèí<br />
³ç ïðåòîð³â ðîçïîâ³äàâ íàðîäó ïðî çì³ñò âèñòàâëåíèõ íà ôîðóì³ êàðòèí,<br />
ùî çîáðàæóâàëè éîãî ïîäâèãè.<br />
Íà Ðèìñüêîìó ôîðóì³ ó ðåñïóáë³êàíñüêèé ÷àñ ïðîäàâàëè íàéð³çíîìàí³òí³ø³<br />
òîâàðè. Íà âóëèöÿõ, ùî ïðèëÿãàëè äî íüîãî, ïàíóâàëî<br />
ïîæâàâëåííÿ. Éîãî îòî÷óâàëè òîðãîâåëüí³ ðÿäè ³ êðàìíèö³.<br />
Ó ïåðø³ ñòîë³òòÿ ðåñïóáë³êàíñüêèé ôîðóì ñëóæèâ ³ ì³ñöåì,<br />
äå âëàøòîâóâàëèñÿ íàðîäí³ âèñòàâè, à ³íîä³ é áî¿ ãëàä³àòîð³â. ϳä<br />
÷àñ ñâÿò íà ïëîù³ íà ñòîëàõ âèñòàâëÿëèñÿ ÷àñòóâàííÿ äëÿ ðèìëÿí.<br />
Ùîá ñîíöå íå çàâàæàëî í³êîìó ç òèõ, õòî ñèäèòü, Öåçàð îäíîãî<br />
ðàçó íàêàçàâ íàòÿãíóòè íàä áåíêåòóþ÷èìè øîâêîâ³ çàâ³ñè.<br />
Ó áóäí³ òóò þðáèëîñÿ áàãàòî íàðîäó. Íà ïëèòàõ ³ äîòåïåð çáåðåãëèñÿ<br />
íàêðåñëåí³ äëÿ ³ãîð êîëà ³ êâàäðàòè.<br />
13
LECTIO II (SECUNDA)<br />
14<br />
§ 5. ÃÐÀÌÀÒÈ×Ͳ ÊÀÒÅÃÎв¯ ²ÌÅÍÍÈÊÀ<br />
²ìåííèê ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ìຠòàê³ ãðàìàòè÷í³ êàòåãîð³¿:<br />
I. Òðè ðîäè (genus):<br />
masculinum (m) — ÷îëîâ³÷èé;<br />
femininum ( f ) — æ³íî÷èé;<br />
neutrum (n) — ñåðåäí³é.<br />
Íàçâà îñ³á ÷îëîâ³÷î¿ ñòàò³, â³òð³â, ì³ñÿö³â ³ á³ëüøîñò³ ð³ê íàëåæàòü<br />
äî ÷îëîâ³÷îãî ðîäó. Íàçâè îñ³á æ³íî÷î¿ ñòàò³, á³ëüøîñò³<br />
äåðåâ, ì³ñò, êðà¿í, îñòðîâ³â — äî æ³íî÷îãî ðîäó.<br />
II. Äâà ÷èñëà (numêrus):<br />
singularis — îäíèíà;<br />
pluralis — ìíîæèíà.<br />
III. سñòü â³äì³íê³â (casus):<br />
Nominativus (Nom.) — íàçèâíèé (õòî? ùî?);<br />
Genetivus (Gen.) — ðîäîâèé (êîãî? ÷îãî?);<br />
Dativus (Dat.) — äàâàëüíèé (êîìó? ÷îìó? äëÿ êîãî? äëÿ<br />
÷îãî?);<br />
Accusativus (Acc.) — çíàõ³äíèé (êîãî? ùî?);<br />
Ablativus (Abl.) — îðóäíèé (êèì? ÷èì? äå? êîëè? ÷îìó? ÿê?);<br />
Vocativus (Voc.) — êëè÷íèé (íàçâà îñîáè ÷è ïðåäìåòà ïðè<br />
çâåðòàíí³).<br />
 Ablativus çëèëèñÿ òðè ðàí³øå ñàìîñò³éíèõ â³äì³íêè:<br />
â³äêëàäíèé (ablativus), îðóäíèé (instrumentàlis), ì³ñöåâèé<br />
(locativus).<br />
 óêðà¿íñüê³é ìîâ³ êëè÷íèé â³äì³íîê â³äïîâ³äຠêëè÷í³é<br />
ôîðì³. Ôîðìà êëè÷íîãî â³äì³íêà â ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ çâè÷àéíî<br />
çá³ãàºòüñÿ ç ôîðìîþ íàçèâíîãî (âèíÿòîê äèâ. § 13), òîìó ïðè<br />
â³äì³íþâàíí³ é ó çâåäåí³é òàáëèö³ (äèâ. Äîïîìîæí³ ãðàìàòè÷í³<br />
ìàòåð³àëè) çàê³í÷åííÿ öüîãî â³äì³íêó îïóñêàþòüñÿ.<br />
IV. Ï’ÿòü òèï³â â³äì³í (declinatio).<br />
Çà çàê³í÷åííÿìè â ðîäîâîìó â³äì³íêó âñ³ ³ìåííèêè ïîä³ëÿþòüñÿ<br />
íà â³äì³íè. Çàê³í÷åííÿ ðîäîâîãî â³äì³íêó ïîðÿä ç ïîâíîþ ôîðìîþ<br />
íàçèâíîãî â³äì³íêó ³ ðîäîì ñòàíîâëÿòü ñëîâíèêîâó ôîðìó<br />
³ìåííèêà, íàïðèêëàä: advocatus, i m.<br />
Òàáëèöÿ, ïîäàíà íèæ÷å, äîïîìàãຠçàïàì’ÿòàòè ðîçïîä³ë<br />
³ìåííèê³â çà ï’ÿòüìà â³äì³íàìè, çà ðîäàìè ³ çàê³í÷åííÿìè ðîäîâîãî<br />
â³äì³íêó.
Genetivus singularis<br />
-ae -i -is - us - ei<br />
I II III IV V<br />
f m, n m, f, n m, n f<br />
§ 6. DECLINATIO PRIMA<br />
ÏÅÐØÀ ²Ä̲ÍÀ<br />
Äî ² â³äì³íè íàëåæàòü ³ìåííèêè æ³íî÷îãî ðîäó ³ óçãîäæåí³ ç<br />
íèìè ïðèêìåòíèêè (§ 17), ùî ìàþòü çàê³í÷åííÿ â Nominativus<br />
singularis -a ³ â Genetivus singularis -ae. Äî ïåðøî¿ â³äì³íè íàëåæàòü<br />
òàêîæ ³ìåííèêè, ùî îçíà÷àþòü îñ³á ÷îëîâ³÷î¿ ñòàò³: nauta,<br />
ae m — ìîðÿê, po¸ta, ae m — ïîåò, agricôla, ae m — õë³áîðîá,<br />
collega, ae m — òîâàðèø, incôla, ae m — æèòåëü.<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ôîðìè ïðèêìåòíèê³â íå â³äð³çíÿþòüñÿ â³ä<br />
ôîðì ³ìåííèê³â, ç ÿêèìè âîíè óçãîäæóþòüñÿ.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ:<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
Nom.<br />
terra incognta —<br />
<br />
terrae incogntae —<br />
<br />
Gen. terrae incogntae terrarum incognitarum<br />
Dat. terrae incogntae terris incogntis<br />
Acc. terram incogntam terras incogntas<br />
Abl. terra incognta terris incogntis<br />
§ 7. ²Ä̲ÍÞÂÀÍÍß Ä²ªÑËÎÂÀ ESSE —<br />
ÁÓÒÈ Â ÒÅÏÅвØÍÜÎÌÓ ×ÀѲ<br />
ijºñëîâî esse — áóòè çóñòð³÷àºòüñÿ â ëàòèíñüêèõ òåêñòàõ<br />
äóæå ÷àñòî. Öå íåïðàâèëüíå 䳺ñëîâî, éîãî ôîðìè íåîáõ³äíî çàïàì’ÿòàòè:<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
sum —<br />
<br />
es —<br />
<br />
est —<br />
<br />
sumus —<br />
<br />
estis —<br />
<br />
sunt —<br />
<br />
15
Âïðàâè<br />
I. Âèçíà÷òå â³äì³íó ³ìåííèê³â:<br />
poena, ae f — ïîêàðàííÿ; fides, ei f — â³ðà; popûlus,i m<br />
— íàðîä; ius, iuris n — ïðàâî; manus, us f — ðóêà; lex,<br />
legis f — çàêîí; testis, is m — ñâ³äîê; lingua, ae f — <strong>ìîâà</strong>;<br />
res, ei f— ñïðàâà; fructus, us m — ïë³ä; furtum, i n —<br />
êðàä³æêà; spes, ei f — íàä³ÿ; coetus, us m — ñõîäêà;<br />
crimen, înis n — çëî÷èí; edictum, i n — åäèêò; dies, ei<br />
m(f) — äåíü; patria, ae f — áàòüê³âùèíà; libertas, atis f —<br />
âîëÿ; arbîter, tri m — òðåòåéñüêèé ñóääÿ; civis, is m(f) —<br />
ãðîìàäÿíèí.<br />
II. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿ:<br />
tabûla rasa — ÷èñòà äîøêà; lingua Latina — <strong>ëàòèíñüêà</strong><br />
<strong>ìîâà</strong>; culpa magna — âåëèêà ïðîâèíà; copia vera — ïðàâèëüíà<br />
êîï³ÿ.<br />
III. Ïðî÷èòàéòå ³ ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Scientia potentia est 1 . 2. Ibi victoria, ubi concordia.<br />
3. Aurora Musis amica est. 4. Via Appia est regina viarum.<br />
5. Vita rustîca parsimoniae, diligentiae, iustitiae magistra<br />
est (Cicêro). 6. Historia est schola vitae. 7. Experientia bona<br />
magistra est. 8. Ira saepe causa iniuriae est. 9. Pro forma.<br />
10. In curia. 11. Ex curia. 12. In camêra. 13. Lingua Latina<br />
est lingua antiqua. 14. Roma est in Italia. 15. Persona grata.<br />
16. Persona non grata. 17. Tabûla rasa.<br />
Ñëîâíèê 2<br />
16<br />
1. scientia, ae f — çíàííÿ; potentia, ae f — ñèëà.<br />
2. ibi — òàì; victoria, ae f — ïåðåìîãà; ubi — äå; concordia, ae<br />
f — çãîäà.<br />
3. Aurora, ae f — çîðÿ; Musa, ae f — ìóçà; amica, ae f — ïîäðóãà;<br />
çì³ñò âèðàçó: ðàíêîâ³ ãîäèíè ñïðèÿþòü ðîçóìîâ³é<br />
ðîáîò³.<br />
4. via, ae f — äîðîãà, Appia — Àïﳺâà; regina, ae f — öàðèöÿ.<br />
5. rustîcus, a, um — ñ³ëüñüêèé; parsimonia, ae f — îùàäëèâ³ñòü;<br />
diligentia, ae f — ñòàðàíí³ñòü; iustitia, ae f — ñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü;<br />
magistra, ae f — ó÷èòåëüêà.<br />
1 Ó âïðàâàõ êóðñèâîì ïîäàí³ þðèäè÷í³ ôðàçåîëîã³çìè, êðèëàò³ âèñëîâè,<br />
ïðèñë³â’ÿ, ÿê³ ïðîïîíóþòüñÿ äëÿ âèâ÷åííÿ íàïàì’ÿòü.<br />
2 Ïåðåêëàä ñë³â äî âïðàâ â îñíîâíîìó äàºòüñÿ, êîëè âîíè çóñòð³÷àþòüñÿ<br />
âïåðøå. Äàë³, ÿêùî ñëîâî íå çàñâîºíî, çâåðòàéòèñÿ äî ëàòèíñüêî-óêðà¿íñüêîãî<br />
ñëîâíèêà, ÿêèé çíàõîäèòüñÿ â ê³íö³ ï³äðó÷íèêà.
6. historia, ae f — ³ñòîð³ÿ; schola, ae f — øêîëà; vita, ae f —<br />
æèòòÿ.<br />
7. experientia, ae f — äîñâ³ä; bonus, a um — ãàðíèé.<br />
8. ira, ae f — ãí³â; saepe — ÷àñòî; iniuria, ae f — îáðàçà, íåñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü.<br />
9. pro (ç abl.) — çàðàäè; forma, ae f — ôîðìà.<br />
10. in (ïðèéìåííèê íà ïèòàííÿ äå? ç abl.) — ó; curia, ae f —<br />
ñóä.<br />
11. ex (ç abl.) — ïîçà.<br />
12. camêra, ae f — òóò: êàá³íåò ñë³ä÷îãî.<br />
13. lingua, ae f — <strong>ìîâà</strong>; antiquus, a, um — ñòàðîäàâí³é, äàâí³é;<br />
Latinus, a, um — ëàòèíñüêèé.<br />
14. Roma, ae f — Ðèì.<br />
15. persona, ae f — îñîáà, ëþäèíà, ïåðñîíà; gratus, a, um — áàæàíèé.<br />
16. non — íå (çàïåðå÷íà ÷àñòêà).<br />
17. tabûla, ae f — äîøêà; rasus, a, um — ÷èñòèé.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Domitius Ulpianus<br />
Äîì³ö³é Óëüï³àí (íàðîäèâñÿ ó Ñè𳿠ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³<br />
II ñò. í. å.)<br />
Äîì³ö³é Óëüï³àí áóâ ïîì³÷íèêîì (assessor) Ïàï³í³àíà (äèâ.:<br />
Ðersonalia, lectio 6), íà÷àëüíèêîì, ãîëîâîþ (praefectus) annonae<br />
(annona — ð³÷íèé âðîæàé), ïðåôåêòîì ãâàð䳿 (praefectus<br />
praetorio) ³ ãîëîâíèì ðàäíèêîì Îëåêñàíäðà Ñåâåðà (ðèìñüêèé<br />
³ìïåðàòîð 193–211 ðð.) Óëüï³àí íà ïîñàä³ ïðåôåêòà ãâàð䳿 íàìàãàâñÿ<br />
íàâåñòè ïîðÿäîê ó â³éñüêîâîìó òàáîð³ (castra), òîìó ùî<br />
ïðèâ³ëåéîâàí³ êîãîðòè çàì³ñòü ïðÿìîãî îáîâ’ÿçêó îõîðîíÿòè æèòòÿ<br />
³ áåçïåêó ³ìïåðàòîðà ÷àñòî áóëè ãîëîâíîþ çáðîºþ äâ³ðöåâèõ<br />
ïåðåâîðîò³â, òîìó äèñöèïë³íà â öèõ òàáîðàõ áóëà ñëàáøà, í³æ<br />
òîãî âèìàãàëà â³éñüêîâà ñëóæáà. Ïðåòîð³àíö³ çíåíàâèä³ëè Óëüï³àíà<br />
³ ï³ä ÷àñ áóíòó â 228 ð. â³í áóâ óáèòèé íà î÷àõ ³ìïåðàòîðà.<br />
Äîì³ö³é Óëüï³àí äîñêîíàëî çíàâ óñ³ ãàëóç³ ïðàâà ³ âñþ ïîïåðåäíþ<br />
ë³òåðàòóðó. ³í çàëèøèâ âåëè÷åçíó ë³òåðàòóðíó ñïàäùèíó,<br />
³ì’ÿ éîãî ïîñ³äຠã³äíå ì³ñöå ñåðåä ïðîñëàâëåíèõ þðèñò³â Äàâíüîãî<br />
Ðèìó. Äèãåñòè Þñò³í³àíà ì³ñòÿòü 2 462 ôðàãìåíòà ç òâîð³â<br />
Óëüï³àíà, ùî ñòàíîâèòü ïðèáëèçíî òðåòèíó âñüîãî ¿õíüîãî îáñÿãó.<br />
Óëüï³àí ³ Ïàâë í³äå íå öèòóþòü îäèí îäíîãî, ìîæëèâî ÷åðåç<br />
íàóêîâå ñóïåðíèöòâî, ùî ³ñíóâàëî ì³æ íèìè. Ad edictum (83 êíèãè<br />
êîìåíòàð³â), ÿêà º ãîëîâíîþ ïðàöåþ Óëüï³àíà, ââàæàºòüñÿ<br />
17
îäíèì ç íàéâèäàòí³øèõ òâîð³â óñ³º¿ ðèìñüêî¿ íàóêè ïðàâà. Äåòàëüíèé<br />
âèêëàä ö³â³ëüíîãî ïðàâà — Ad Sabinum (51 êíèãà) —<br />
ì³ñòèòü çíà÷íó ê³ëüê³ñòü öèòàò ³ç ïîïåðåäíèê³â. Îáèäâà ö³ òâîðè<br />
Óëüï³àíà àíàëîã³÷í³ çà òåíäåíö³ÿìè ³ òåõí³êîþ. Âîíè ïîºäíóþòü<br />
ó ñîá³ êîï³òêèé òåêñòîëîã³÷íèé àíàë³ç ³ ÷èñòó, ÿñíó é åëåãàíòíó<br />
ìîâó Óëüï³àíà, ùî ñïðèÿëî éîãî âåëè÷åçí³é ïîïóëÿðíîñò³. Áàãàòî<br />
éîãî ñåíòåíö³é (sententia — ð³øåííÿ, ñóäæåííÿ) ³ âèçíà÷åíü çàëèøàþòüñÿ<br />
³ äîíèí³ ÿê íåîáõ³äí³ íàóêîâ³ ïîñòóëàòè (postulatio —<br />
âèìîãà) äëÿ þðèñò³â.<br />
Óëüï³àí çàëèøèâ áàãàòî òðàêòàò³â: De appellationîbus (Ïðî<br />
àïïåëÿö³¿), De fideicomissis (Ïðî ô³äå³êîì³ñè; íåôîðìàëüí³ çàïîâ³òí³<br />
â³äìîâè), Ad legem (Çà çàêîíîì), De officio consulorium<br />
(Ïðî îáîâ’ÿçêè êîíñóë³â), Responsa, Disputationes (Ðîçäóìè),<br />
Institutiones, Regûlae, De officio curatori rei publîcae (Ïðî îáîâ’ÿçêè<br />
êóðàòîðà ðåñïóáë³êè), De officio praefecti urbi (Ïðî îáîâ’ÿçêè<br />
ì³ñüêîãî ïðåôåêòà), De officio proconsûlis (Ïðî îáîâ’ÿçêè ïðîêîíñóëà)<br />
òà ³íø³.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Êîäèôèêàöèÿ Þñò³í³àíà<br />
Corpus iuris civilis (CIC) — çâ³ä öèâ³ëüíîãî ïðàâà; ñåðåäíüîâ³÷íà<br />
íàçâà þñòèí³àí³âñüêîãî çâîäó çàêîí³â ëàòèíñüêîþ ìîâîþ.<br />
Ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç ÷îòèðüîõ îñíîâíèõ ÷àñòèí:<br />
1. Institutiones — ó ÷îòèðüîõ êíèãàõ; åëåìåíòàðíèé âèêëàä<br />
îñíîâ ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà äëÿ ïî÷àòêîâîãî âèâ÷åííÿ.<br />
2. Digesta àáî Pandectae — 7 ÷àñòèí ³ 50 êíèã, 432 òèòóëè ³<br />
9 123 îêðåìèõ ôðàãìåíòà; óðèâêè ³ç òâîð³â ðèìñüêèõ þðèñò³â, ÿê³<br />
º íàéâàæëèâ³øîþ ÷àñòèíîþ êîäèô³êàö³¿, ùî äàëè ¿é ³ñòîðè÷íó<br />
ñëàâó òà çàáåçïå÷èëè ¿¿ çíà÷åííÿ äëÿ ïîäàëüøî¿ ä³¿ íàâ³òü çà ³íøèõ<br />
ñîö³àëüíî-åêîíîì³÷íèõ óìîâ.<br />
3. Codex — 12 êíèã, ÿê³ ì³ñòÿòü çâ³ä íàéâàæëèâ³øèõ ³ìïåðàòîðñüêèõ<br />
óêàç³â (constitutiones) â³ä Àäð³àíà äî Þñò³í³àíà.<br />
4. Novellae àáî leges — 168 íîâåë (íîâèõ çàêîí³â), áóëè âèäàí³<br />
Þñòèí³àíîì ï³ñëÿ ïðîâåäåííÿ äðóãî¿ êîäèô³êàö³¿ ðîáîòè. Ç<br />
XII ñò. ïî ïðàâó ââàæàþòüñÿ ÷åòâåðòîþ ÷àñòèíîþ Corpus iuris<br />
civilis.<br />
CIC ì³ñòèòü óñå òå, ùî íàñòóïí³ êîìï³ëÿòîðè ââàæàëè íàéá³ëüø<br />
âàæëèâèì ç òâîð³â êëàñè÷íèõ þðèñò³â, à òàêîæ ö³íí³ íàäáàííÿ<br />
ï³ñëÿêëàñè÷íîãî ïðàâà ³ þñòèí³àí³âñüê³ ðåôîðìè. Áóëî ñòâîðåíî<br />
ïîð³âíÿíî ïðîñòå, íåôîðìàëüíå ³ òåõí³÷íî çð³ëå ïðàâî, ùî ëÿãëî<br />
â îñíîâó ðÿäó þðèäè÷íèõ ñèñòåì ºâðîïåéñüêîãî êîíòèíåíòó.<br />
18
ARS<br />
Àïﳺâà äîðîãà (Via<br />
Appia). Ïåðøà ñòðàòåã³÷íà<br />
äîðîãà ðèìëÿí,<br />
ïðîêëàäåíà â 312 ð. ç ³í³ö³àòèâè<br />
öåíçîðà Àïï³ÿ<br />
Êëàâä³ÿ Ñë³ïîãî. Âîíà<br />
äîõîäèëà ñïî÷àòêó äî<br />
Êàïó¿, à çà ÷àñ³â Òðàÿíà<br />
áóëà äîâåäåíà äî Áðóíäèñ³þ.<br />
Äîòåïåð ôóíêö³îíóº<br />
öÿ ïðÿìà ÿê ñòð³ëà<br />
äîðîãà, ùî âò³ëèëà â ñóâîð³é êðàñ³ íåïîõèòíó âîëþ, øâèäê³ñòü<br />
ä³é, ð³øó÷³ñòü åíåðã³éíîãî, âîéîâíè÷îãî íàðîäó.<br />
19
LECTIO III (TERTIA)<br />
20<br />
§ 8. VERBUM<br />
IJªÑËÎÂÎ<br />
Ãðàìàòè÷í³ êàòåãî𳿠䳺ñëîâà<br />
ijºñëîâî â ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ìຠòàê³ ãðàìàòè÷í³ êàòåãîð³¿:<br />
I. Äâà ÷èñëà:<br />
numêrus singularis (sing.) — îäíèíà;<br />
numêrus pluralis (pl.) — ìíîæèíà.<br />
II. Òðè îñîáè:<br />
persona prima — 1 îñîáà;<br />
persona secunda — 2 îñîáà;<br />
persona tertia — 3 îñîáà.<br />
III. سñòü ÷àñ³â:<br />
praesens — òåïåð³øí³é;<br />
futurum I — ìàéáóòí³é ïåðøèé íåäîêîíàíîãî âèäó;<br />
imperfectum — ìèíóëèé íåäîêîíàíîãî âèäó;<br />
perfectum — ìèíóëèé äîêîíàíèé;<br />
futurum II — ìàéáóòí³é äðóãèé äîêîíàíîãî âèäó;<br />
plusquamperfectum — äàâíîìèíóëèé àáî ïåðåäìèíóëèé<br />
äîêîíàíîãî âèäó.<br />
IV. Äâà ñòàíè:<br />
genus activum — àêòèâíèé ñòàí;<br />
genus passivum — ïàñèâíèé ñòàí.<br />
V. Òðè ñïîñîáè:<br />
modus indicativus — ä³éñíèé ñïîñ³á;<br />
modus coniunctivus — óìîâíèé ñïîñ³á;<br />
modus imperativus — íàêàçîâèé ñïîñ³á.<br />
ijºñëîâî ìຠòàê³ íåîñîáîâ³ ôîðìè:<br />
infinitivus — íåîçíà÷åíà ôîðìà;<br />
participium — 䳺ïðèêìåòíèê;<br />
supinum — ñóï³í;<br />
gerundium — ãåðóíä³é (â³ä䳺ñë³âíèé ³ìåííèê);<br />
gerundivum — ãåðóíäèâ (â³ä䳺ñë³âíèé ïðèêìåòíèê).<br />
§ 9. ÒÈÏÈ Â²Ä̲ÍÞÂÀÍÍß Ä²ªÑ˲Â<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîⳠ䳺ñëîâà çàëåæíî â³ä ê³íöåâî¿ ë³òåðè îñíîâè<br />
³íô³í³òèâà (îñíîâè ³íôåêòà) ïîä³ëÿþòüñÿ íà ÷îòèðè 䳺â³äì³íè.
Îñíîâà ³íôåêòà âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ øëÿõîì â³äêèäàííÿ çàê³í÷åííÿ -re<br />
â³ä íåîçíà÷åíî¿ ôîðìè 䳺ñëîâà; ó òðåò³é 䳺â³äì³í³ — øëÿõîì<br />
â³äêèäàííÿ -êre, äå -ê- º ñïîëó÷íîþ ãîëîñíîþ ì³æ îñíîâîþ ³<br />
çàê³í÷åííÿì ³íô³í³òèâà -re.<br />
<br />
I<br />
II<br />
III<br />
IV<br />
Ðîçïîä³ë 䳺ñë³â çà 䳺â³äì³íàìè<br />
<br />
— infinitivus<br />
condemnare<br />
<br />
docere<br />
<br />
absolvre<br />
<br />
stature<br />
<br />
audire<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
condemna -re -a<br />
doce –re -e<br />
absolv –re<br />
statu –re<br />
audi –re -i<br />
§ 10. ÎÑÍÎÂͲ ÔÎÐÌÈ Ä²ªÑËÎÂÀ<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-u<br />
Ó ñëîâíèêó 䳺ñëîâî çàïèñóºòüñÿ ó ÷îòèðüîõ îñíîâíèõ ôîðìàõ:<br />
1. Ïåðøà îñîáà îäíèíè òåïåð³øíüîãî ÷àñó ä³éñíîãî ñïîñîáó<br />
àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó (praesens indicativi activi). Íàïðèêëàä:<br />
condemno — ÿ çàñóäæóþ, doceo — ÿ íàâ÷àþ.<br />
2. Ïåðøà îñîáà îäíèíè ìèíóëîãî ÷àñó äîêîíàíîãî âèäó<br />
ä³éñíîãî ñïîñîáó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó (perfectum indicativi activi).<br />
Íàïðèêëàä: condemnavi — ÿ çàñóäèâ, docui — ÿ íàâ÷èâ.<br />
3. Ñóï³í (supinum) — â³ä䳺ñë³âíèé ³ìåííèê, ùî âæèâàºòüñÿ<br />
ç 䳺ñëîâàìè ðóõó äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ ìåòè. Íàïðèêëàä:<br />
condemnatum — ùîá çàñóäèòè, doctum — ùîá íàâ÷èòè.<br />
4. Íåîçíà÷åíà ôîðìà 䳺ñëîâà òåïåð³øíüîãî ÷àñó àêòèâíîãî<br />
ñòàíó (infinitivus praesentis activi). Íàïðèêëàä: condemnare — çàñóäæóâàòè,<br />
docere — íàâ÷àòè.<br />
Îñíîâí³ ôîðìè 䳺ñëîâà, íàïðèêëàä: doceo, docui, doctum,<br />
docere, ìîæóòü ó ñëîâíèêàõ ñêîðî÷óâàòèñÿ, íàïðèêëàä: doceo, cui,<br />
ctum, ere, 2 — íàâ÷àòè. Öèôðà âêàçóº íà 䳺â³äì³íó.<br />
21
22<br />
§ 11. PRAESENS INDICATIVI ACTIVI<br />
ÒÅÏÅвØÍ²É ×ÀÑ Ä²ÉÑÍÎÃÎ ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ<br />
ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Ùîá ïðîâ³äì³íÿòè 䳺ñëîâî â praesens indicativi activi íåîáõ³äíî<br />
äî îñíîâè ³íôåêòà ïðèºäíàòè îñîáîâ³ çàê³í÷åííÿ:<br />
Îñîáà Singularis Pluralis<br />
1 -o -mus<br />
2 -s -tis<br />
3 -t -nt<br />
Ó ä³ºñë³â I ³ II 䳺â³äì³íè ö³ çàê³í÷åííÿ ïðèºäíóþòüñÿ äî îñíîâè<br />
³íôåêòà. Ó III 䳺â³äì³í³ ì³æ îñíîâîþ ³ çàê³í÷åííÿì ó äðóã³é<br />
³ òðåò³é îñîá³ singularis òà â ïåðø³é ³ äðóã³é îñîá³ pluralis ç’ÿâëÿºòüñÿ<br />
ñïîëó÷íèé ãîëîñíèé -³, à â òðåò³é îñîá³ pluralis — -u. Ó<br />
ïåðø³é îñîá³ singularis ó 䳺ñë³â I 䳺â³äì³íè ãîëîñíèé îñíîâè -à,<br />
çëèâàþ÷èñü ç îñîáîâèì çàê³í÷åííÿì -î, ïåðåõîäèòü â -î.<br />
Ïðè â³äì³íþâàíí³ ä³ºñë³â ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ îñîáîâ³ çàéìåííèêè<br />
íå âæèâàþòüñÿ.<br />
Çðàçêè â³äì³íþâàííÿ:<br />
I. condemna- re — çàñóäæóâàòè:<br />
Îñîáà Singularis Pluralis<br />
1 condemno — condemnamus —<br />
ÿ çàñóäæóþ ìè çàñóäæóºìî<br />
2 condemnas — condemnatis —<br />
òè çàñóäæóºø âè çàñóäæóºòå<br />
3 condemnat — condemnant —<br />
â³í (âîíà, âîíî)<br />
çàñóäæóº<br />
âîíè çàñóäæóþòü<br />
II. responde- re — â³äïîâ³äàòè:<br />
Îñîáà Singularis Pluralis<br />
1 respondeo — respondemus —<br />
ÿ â³äïîâ³äàþ ìè â³äïîâ³äàºìî<br />
2 respondes — respondetis —<br />
òè â³äïîâ³äàºø âè â³äïîâ³äàºòå<br />
3 respondet — respondent —<br />
â³í (âîíà, âîíî)<br />
â³äïîâ³äàº<br />
âîíè â³äïîâ³äàþòü
III. absolv- êre — âèïðàâäîâóâàòè:<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
1 absolvo —<br />
absolvmus —<br />
<br />
2 absolvis —<br />
absolvtis —<br />
<br />
3 absolvit —<br />
absolvunt —<br />
(, ) <br />
<br />
<br />
IV. audi- re — ñëóõàòè:<br />
Îñîáà Singularis Pluralis<br />
1 audio —<br />
audimus —<br />
ÿ ñëóõàþ<br />
ìè ñëóõàºìî<br />
2 audis —<br />
auditis —<br />
òè ñëóõàºø<br />
âè ñëóõàºòå<br />
3 audit —<br />
audiunt —<br />
â³í (âîíà, âîíî) ñëóõຠâîíè ñëóõàþòü<br />
§ 12. IMPERATIVUS<br />
ÍÀÊÀÇÎÂÈÉ ÑÏÎѲÁ<br />
Íàêàçîâèé ñïîñ³á ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ìຠäâ³ ôîðìè: äðóãó<br />
îñîáó îäíèíè ³ ìíîæèíè.<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ó 䳺ñë³â óñ³õ ÷îòèðüîõ 䳺â³äì³í<br />
imperativus óòâîðþºòüñÿ îäíàêîâî: singularis — øëÿõîì â³äêèäàííÿ<br />
çàê³í÷åííÿ -re â³ä ³íô³í³òèâà, pluralis — øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ<br />
çàê³í÷åííÿ -te äî ôîðìè imperativus singularis. (Ó ²²² 䳺â³äì³í³<br />
îñíîâà ³íôåêòà ç’ºäíóºòüñÿ ³ç çàê³í÷åííÿì -te çà äîïîìîãîþ ãîëîñíî¿<br />
-î- .)<br />
Óòâîðåííÿ ôîðì íàêàçîâîãî ñïîñîáó<br />
Infinitivus Imperativus<br />
singularis<br />
I<br />
condemnare —<br />
<br />
ondemna! —<br />
!<br />
II<br />
docere — ,<br />
<br />
Doce! —<br />
!<br />
III<br />
defendre —<br />
<br />
Defende! —<br />
!<br />
IV<br />
punire —<br />
<br />
Puni! —<br />
!<br />
Imperativus<br />
pluralis<br />
Condemnate!—<br />
!<br />
Docete! —<br />
!<br />
Defendte! —<br />
<br />
Punite! —<br />
!<br />
23
Äëÿ óòâîðåííÿ çàïåðå÷íî¿ ôîðìè íàêàçîâîãî ñïîñîáó íåîáõ³äíî<br />
óçÿòè ôîðìó imperativus 䳺ñëîâà nolle — íå áàæàòè é ³íô³í³òèâ<br />
ñìèñëîâîãî 䳺ñëîâà.<br />
Íàïðèêëàä: nocere — øêîäèòè:<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
Noli nocere! Nolite nocere!<br />
Íå íàøêîäü! Íå íàøêîäüòå!<br />
ijºñëîâà dicêre — ãîâîðèòè, ducêre — âåñòè, facêre — ðîáèòè,<br />
ferre — íåñòè óòâîðþþòü imperativus áåç ê³íöåâîãî -å:<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
dic —ãîâîðè dicîte —ãîâîð³òü<br />
fac — ðîáè facîte — ðîá³òü<br />
duc — âåäè ducîte — âåä³òü<br />
fer — íåñè ferte — íåñ³òü<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
24<br />
ijºñëîâî esse — áóòè ìຠòàê³ ôîðìè íàêàçîâîãî ñïîñîáó:<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
Es (esto) — Áóäü! Este (estote) — Áóäüòå!<br />
I. Âèçíà÷òå 䳺â³äì³íó 䳺ñë³â:<br />
dicêre, punire, habere, appellare, debere, scribêre, mutare,<br />
agêre, consentire, cavere.<br />
II. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå 䳺ñëîâà â praesens indicativi activi:<br />
esse, vetare, credêre, audire, habere.<br />
III. Ïåðåêëàä³òü òàê³ ä³ºñë³âí³ ôîðìè:<br />
veniunt, amamus, vive, scribo, advocamus, sum, noli<br />
timere, punis, salvete, audi, nolite sperare, dic.<br />
IV. Ïåðåêëàä³òü ðå÷åííÿ:<br />
1. Respondere, cavere, agêre. 2. Dum spiro spero. 3. Cum<br />
tacent clamant. 4. Pecunia non olet. 5. Charta non<br />
erubescit. 6. Si vales, bene est, ego valeo. 7. Qui tacet,<br />
consentit. 8. Tantum scimus, quantum memoria tenemus.<br />
9. Ignorantia non excusat. 10. Vivêre est militare.<br />
11. Dicêre non est facêre. 12. Cogîto ergo sum. 13. Divîde<br />
et impêra. 14. Qui quaerit, repêrit. 15. Ave, Maria! 16. Lex<br />
prospîcit, non respîcit. 17. Unde venis et quo vadis? (Vulg.).<br />
18. Non scholae, sed vitae discîmus (Sen.).
Ñëîâíèê<br />
1. respondeo, spondi, sponsum, ere — â³äïîâ³äàòè, äàâàòè<br />
â³äïîâ³äü; caveo, cavi, cautum, ere — ïåðåäáà÷àòè, âæèâàòè<br />
çàïîá³æíèõ çàõîä³â, ñêëàäàòè äîêóìåíòè; ago, egi, actum,<br />
êre — ä³ÿòè, ïîäàâàòè ïîçîâ, ñóäèòèñÿ.<br />
2. dum — ïîêè; spiro, avi, atum, are — äèõàòè; spero, avi, atum,<br />
are — ñïîä³âàòèñÿ.<br />
3. cum — êîëè; taceo, cui, cîtum, ere — ìîâ÷àòè; clamo, avi,<br />
atum, are — êðè÷àòè.<br />
4. pecunia, ae f — ãðîø³; oleo, ui, –, ere — ïàõíóòè.<br />
5. charta, ae f — ïàï³ð; erubesco, rubui, –, êre — ÷åðâîí³òè.<br />
6. si — ÿêùî; valeo, lui, litum, ere — áóòè çäîðîâèì.<br />
7. qui — õòî; consentio, sensi, sensum, ire — ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ.<br />
8. tantum — ñò³ëüêè; scio, ivi, itum, ire — çíàòè; quantum —<br />
ñê³ëüêè; memoria, ae f — ïàì’ÿòü; teneo, tenui, tentum, ere —<br />
òðèìàòè.<br />
9. ignorantia, ae f — íåçíàííÿ; excuso, avi, atum, are — âèáà-<br />
÷àòè.<br />
10. vivo, vixi,victum, êre — æèòè; milîto, avi, atum, are — áîðîòèñÿ,<br />
âîþâàòè.<br />
11. dico, dixi, dictum, êre — ãîâîðèòè.<br />
12. cogîto,avi, atum, are — ìèñëèòè; ergo — îòæå.<br />
13. divî do, visi, visum, êre — ðîçä³ëÿòè; impêro, avi, atum,<br />
are — ïàíóâàòè.<br />
14. quaero, quaesivi, quaesitum, ire — øóêàòè; reperio, repêri,<br />
repertum, ire — çíàõîäèòè.<br />
15. aveo, –, –, ere — áóòè çäîðîâèì.<br />
16. lex, legis f — çàêîí; prospicio, spexi, spectum, êre — äèâèòèñÿ<br />
âïåðåä, ï³êëóâàòèñÿ; respicio, spexi, spectum, êre — äèâèòèñÿ<br />
íàçàä, îãëÿäàòèñÿ (òîáòî ñàíêö³¿ çàêîíó íå ìîæóòü áóòè<br />
çàñòîñîâàí³ ùîäî âèïàäê³â, ÿê³ ìàëè ì³ñöå äî éîãî âèäàííÿ).<br />
17. unde — â³äê³ëÿ; venio, veni, ventum, ire — ïðèõîäèòè, éòè;<br />
quo — êóäè; vado, (vasi), –, êre — éòè, íàïðàâëÿòèñÿ.<br />
18. non — íå; schola, ae f — øêîëà; sed — àëå; disco, didîci, – ,<br />
êre — ó÷èòèñÿ, íàâ÷àòèñÿ.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Iustinianus<br />
Þñò³í³àí (482–565 ðð.)<br />
Ç 527 ïî 565 ð. — â³çàíò³éñüêèé ³ìïåðàòîð (Ñõ³äíà Ðèìñüêà<br />
³ìïåð³ÿ).<br />
Ãîëîâíà çàñëóãà Þñò³í³àíà ïîëÿãຠâ òîìó, ùî çà éîãî íàêàçîì<br />
áóëà ðîçðîáëåíà êîäèôèêàö³ÿ ïðàâà â 529–535 ðð., òåêñòè ÿêî¿<br />
25
â³äîì³ ÿê Corpus iuris civilis (Çâ³ä öèâ³ëüíîãî ïðàâà). Çà Þñò³í³àíà<br />
<strong>ëàòèíñüêà</strong> <strong>ìîâà</strong> ñòàëà îô³ö³éíîþ.<br />
Çà ÷àñ³â éîãî ïðàâë³ííÿ äåðæàâà áóëà ðîçøèðåíà é óêð³ïëåíà.<br />
²äåÿ â³äíîâëåííÿ åëë³í³ñòè÷íî¿ ³ õðèñòèÿíñüêî¿ Ðèìñüêî¿<br />
³ìïå𳿠áóëà ìàéæå ðåàë³çîâàíà, àëå ïîñë³äîâíèêàì íå âäàëîñÿ<br />
çáåðåãòè âåëè÷ ³ ºäí³ñòü Ðèìñüêî¿ ³ìïåð³¿, ñòâîðåíî¿ Þñò³í³àíîì.<br />
³äîìîñò³ ïðî æèòòÿ Þñò³í³àíà ñóïåðå÷ëèâ³: ñó÷àñíèêè òî ï³äíîñèëè<br />
éîãî äî ëèêó ñâÿòèõ, òî ìàëþâàëè ïîõìóðèìè òîíàìè.<br />
Çàâäÿêè Þñò³í³àíó ìè ìàºìî òî÷í³ ³ ð³çíîá³÷í³ â³äîìîñò³ ïðî<br />
ðèìñüêå ïðàâî.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Digesta Iustiniani, àáî Pandectae, íàéá³ëüø âåëèêèé ³ âàæëèâèé<br />
êîìïîíåíò CIC. Öÿ ïðàöÿ ïîâèííà áóëà çáåðåãòè äëÿ ìàéáóòíüîãî<br />
âñå áàãàòñòâî êëàñè÷íîãî ïðàâà, àëå â òîé æå ÷àñ ìîäåðí³çóâàòè<br />
éîãî ³ ïðèñòîñóâàòè äëÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿ â Ñõ³äí³é Ðèìñüê³é<br />
³ìïåð³¿. Öå ìîíóìåíòàëüíà ïðàöÿ â 50 êíèãàõ (150 000 ðÿäê³â).<br />
Ïåðøà êíèãà ïðèñâÿ÷åíà çàãàëüíèì ïèòàííÿì ïðàâà, 2–46 —<br />
ïðèâàòíîìó ïðàâó, 47–48 — êðèì³íàëüíîìó ïðàâó, 49 — àïåëÿö³ÿì,<br />
ô³ñêàëüíîìó ³ â³éñüêîâîìó ïðàâó, 50 — àäì³í³ñòðàòèâíîìó ïðàâó,<br />
þðèäè÷íèì äåô³í³ö³ÿì ³ ïðàâèëàì. Çà âèíÿòêîì 30–32 êíèã, êîæíà<br />
êíèãà ï³äðîçä³ëÿºòüñÿ íà òèòóëè, òèòóëè — íà ôðàãìåíòè, ó ñåðåäíüîâ³÷÷ÿ<br />
âåëèê³ ôðàãìåíòè áóëè ðîçáèò³ íà ïàðàãðàôè.<br />
Çàãàëüíà ñòðóêòóðà Digesta Iustiniani â³äïîâ³äຠïðåòîðñüêîìó<br />
åäèêòó. Çà îáñÿãîì ïåðåâàæàþòü âèòÿãè ç Óëüï³àíà — òðåòèíà<br />
óñ³º¿ ïðàö³ ³ Ïàâëà — øîñòà ÷àñòèíà, óñüîãî â Äèãåñòàõ<br />
ïðåäñòàâëåíî 39 þðèñò³â ç II ñò. äî í. å. äî ê³íöÿ III ñò.<br />
Òàêèì ÷èíîì, ó Äèãåñòàõ ìàéñòåðíî ïðåäñòàâëåíà íàéá³ëüø<br />
çíà÷íà åïîõà ðèìñüêî¿ íàóêè ïðàâà. Þñò³í³àí óçàêîíèâ öþ ïðàöþ,<br />
óâ³â ¿¿ â ä³þ ç 30 ãðóäíÿ 533 ð. ³ ñóâîðî çàáîðîíèâ áóäü-ÿê³ êîìåíòàð³<br />
äî íüîãî, ùî ìàþòü ïîëåì³÷íèé àáî êðèòè÷íèé õàðàêòåð.<br />
ARS<br />
Êîë³çåé, I ñò. í. å. Ó 75 ð.<br />
çà Âåñïàñ³àíà1 áóâ çàêëàäåíèé<br />
³ çà Ò³òà ó 80 ð. çàê³í÷åíèé<br />
àìô³òåàòð Ôëà⳿⠗<br />
âèäàòíà ïàì’ÿòêà Ðèìñüêî¿<br />
³ìïåð³¿. Ïîä³áíèõ ñïîðóä<br />
íåáàãàòî â ³ñòî𳿠ñâ³òîâî¿<br />
1 Vespasianus Titus Flavius — ðèìñüêèé ³ìïåðàòîð 69–79 ðð. í. å. Éîãî<br />
ñèíè: Titus Flavius, ðèìñüêèé ³ìïåðàòîð (79–81 ðð. í. å.), Domitianus<br />
Flavius, ðèìñüêèé ³ìïåðàòîð 81–96 ðð. í. å.).<br />
26
àðõ³òåêòóðè. ×àñò³øå éîãî íàçèâàþòü Êîë³çåºì (â³ä ëàò. colosseus<br />
— êîëîñàëüíèé). Îäíàê ââàæàþòü, ùî éîãî ³ì’ÿ ïîâ’ÿçàíå ç êîëîñàëüíîþ<br />
ñòàòóºþ Íåðîíà, ùî ñòîÿëà íåïîäàë³ê. Âèïðàâäîâóþ-<br />
÷è ñâîþ íàçâó, àìô³òåàòð Ôëà⳿â âðàæຠðîçì³ðàìè. Éîãî îâàëüíà<br />
åë³ïòè÷íî¿ ôîðìè àðåíà ìຠîñ³ äîâæèíîþ 54 ³ 86 ì, äîâæèíà<br />
çàãàëüíèõ îñåé áóäèíêó — 156 ³ 188 ì, âèñîòà çîâí³øíüî¿ ñò³íè —<br />
48,5 ì. Âèñòàâè â Êîë³çå¿ äèâèëèñÿ îäíî÷àñíî äî 50 òèñÿ÷ ãëÿäà÷³â,<br />
ÿê³ ìàëè çìîãó ÷åðåç 80 âõîä³â ³ âèõîä³â øâèäêî çàïîâíþâàòè<br />
³ çâ³ëüíÿòè ì³ñöÿ.<br />
Ó ñïåêîòëèâ³ àáî äîùîâ³ äí³ íàä àðåíîþ íàòÿãàâñÿ òåíò, êîòðèé<br />
êð³ïèâñÿ íà âèñîêèõ ùîãëàõ, âñòàâëåíèõ ó êîíñîë³ ÷åòâåðòîãî<br />
ÿðóñó. Àðåíà ìàëà äåðåâ’ÿíó, ðóõëèâó ï³äëîãó, ùî çâè÷àéíî<br />
çàñèïàëàñÿ ï³ñêîì, ÿêà ìîãëà îïóñêàòèñÿ ³ ï³äí³ìàòèñÿ. ²íîä³ âîíà<br />
çàïîâíþâàëàñÿ âîäîþ çà äîïîìîãîþ ðóêàâà àêâåäóêà, ùî ï³äõîäèâ<br />
äî áóäèíêó, ³ òîä³ â Êîë³çå¿ âëàøòîâóâàëèñÿ ìîðñüê³ áî¿.<br />
27
LECTIO IV (QUARTA)<br />
28<br />
§ 13. DECLINATIO SECUNDA<br />
ÄÐÓÃÀ ²Ä̲ÍÀ<br />
Äî ²² â³äì³íè íàëåæàòü ³ìåííèêè ³ ïðèêìåòíèêè (§ 17) ÷îëîâ³÷îãî<br />
³ ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó, ùî óçãîäæåí³ ç íèìè òà ìàþòü çàê³í÷åííÿ<br />
-us, -er — ÷îëîâ³÷îãî ðîäó ³ -um — ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó â Nominativus<br />
singularis; ó Genetivus singularis âîíè çàê³í÷óþòüñÿ íà -³.<br />
Ó äðóã³é â³äì³í³ â ³ìåííèêàõ ÷îëîâ³÷îãî ðîäó â ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³<br />
³ñíóº ðîçá³æí³ñòü çàê³í÷åíü Nominativus ³ Vocativus. Ó Nominativus<br />
singularis -us â Vocativus singularis -e, íàïðèêëàä: amicus —<br />
amice. Âëàñí³ ³ìåíà íà –us ³ ñëîâà filius (ñèí), meus (ì³é) ìàþòü<br />
â Vocativus çàê³í÷åííÿ -³. Íàïðèêëàä: Tullius — Tulli! Meus filius.<br />
(̳é ñèí!) — Mi fili! (Ñèíó ì³é!).<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ:<br />
<br />
masculinum<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
Nom. ager privatus — agri privati —<br />
<br />
Gen. agri privati agrorum privatorum<br />
Dat. agro privato agris privatis<br />
Acc. agrum privatum agros privatos<br />
Abl. agro privato agris privatis<br />
Voc. ager private<br />
neutrum<br />
agri privati<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
Nom. iudicium<br />
iudicia publca —<br />
publcum —<br />
<br />
<br />
Gen. iudicii publci iudiciorum<br />
publicorum<br />
Dat. iudicio publco iudiciis publcis<br />
Acc. iudicium publcum iudicia publca<br />
Abl. iudicio publco iudiciis publcis<br />
§ 14. PRAEPOSITIONES<br />
ÏÐÈÉÌÅÍÍÈÊÈ<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ïðèéìåííèêè ìîæóòü âæèâàòèñÿ ò³ëüêè ç<br />
äâîìà â³äì³íêàìè: Ablativus ³ Accusativus.
Ïðèéìåííèêè, ÿê¿ âæèâàþòüñÿ ç Ablativus:<br />
a (ab, abs) — â³ä; sine — áåç; pro — çà, çàì³ñòü; de — â³ä, ç,<br />
ïðî; cum — ç; ex — ³ç; prae — ïåðåä.<br />
Ïðèéìåííèêè in — ó, íà, sub — ï³ä âæèâàþòüñÿ ç Accusativus,<br />
ÿêùî âèðàçè ç ïðèéìåííèêàìè â³äïîâ³äàþòü íà ïèòàííÿ êóäè?, ³<br />
ç Ablativus, ÿêùî â³äïîâ³äàþòü íà çàïèòàííÿ äå?<br />
²íø³ ïðèéìåííèêè âæèâàþòüñÿ ç Accusativus. Äåÿê³ ç íèõ:<br />
ad — äî; ante — äî; apud — ó; contra — ïðîòè; inter — ì³æ,<br />
ñåðåä; per — ÷åðåç, çà äîïîìîãîþ; post — ï³ñëÿ; propter — âíàñë³äîê<br />
³ ³í.<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
I. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿ:<br />
edictum praetorium — ïðåòîðñüêèé åäèêò; arbîter<br />
bonus — ãàðíèé ñóääÿ; servus miser — íåùàñíèé ðàá.<br />
II. Ïðî÷èòàéòå ³ ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Otium post negotium. 2. Curricûlum vitae. 3. Pericûlum<br />
est in mora (Liv.) 4. Sine ira et studio (Tacitus). 5. De facto.<br />
6. Fugit hora, fugiunt anni. 7. A. Agerius et N. Negidius<br />
adversarii sunt. 8. Magna neglegentia culpa est, magna<br />
culpa dolus est (Paul). 9. Ignorantia non est argumentum.<br />
10. Inter domînum et servum nulla amicitia est. 11. Dolus<br />
malus. 12. Iustitia — fundamentum regni. 13. Locus delicti.<br />
14. Arbitri reos aut condemnant aut absolvunt. 15. O amice,<br />
salve! 16. Corvus ocûlum corvi non eruit. 17. Errare<br />
humanum est. 18. Aliena vitia in ocûl³s habemus, a tergo<br />
nostra sunt. 19. In dubio pro reo. 20. Testamentum fac!<br />
21. Via antiqua est via tuta. 22. Alter ego. 23. Incertus<br />
anîmus dimidium est sapientiae. 24. Furtum manifestum.<br />
25. Pro et contra. 26. Natura nihil sine causa gignit (Plin.).<br />
Ñëîâíèê<br />
1. otium, i n — â³äïî÷èíîê; post (ç acc.) — ï³ñëÿ; negotium, i n<br />
— çàíÿòòÿ, ñïðàâà, ïðàöÿ.<br />
2. curricûlum, i n — á³ã; øëÿõ.<br />
3. pericûlum, i n — íåáåçïåêà; mora, ae f — çâîë³êàííÿ.<br />
4. et — ³; studium, i n — ïðèñòðàñòü.<br />
5. de (ç abl.) — òóò: íà ï³äñòàâ³; factum, i n — ôàêò.<br />
6. fugio, fugi, fugiturus, êre, — á³ãòè; hora, ae f — ãîäèíà;<br />
annus, i m — ð³ê.<br />
7. adversarius, i m — ñóïðîòèâíèê.<br />
29
30<br />
8. magnus, a, um — âåëèêèé; dolus, i m — îáìàí, íàì³ð, õèòðîù³;<br />
neglegentia, ae f – íåäáàë³ñòü.<br />
9. ignorantia, ae f — íåçíàííÿ; argumentum, i n — äîêàç.<br />
10. inter (ç acc.) — ì³æ; domînus, i m — õàçÿ¿í; servus, i m —<br />
ðàá; nullus, a, um — í³ÿêèé; amicitia, ae f — äðóæáà.<br />
11. malus, a, um — çëèé.<br />
12. iustitia, ae f — ïðàâîñóääÿ; fundamentum, i n — îñíîâà;<br />
regnum, i n — äåðæàâà.<br />
13. locus, i m — ì³ñöå; delictum, i n — çëî÷èí.<br />
14. arbîter, tri m — ñóääÿ; reus, i m — ï³äñóäíèé, âèííèé; aut —<br />
÷è; condemno, avi, atum, are, — çàñóäæóâàòè; absolvo, solvi,<br />
solutum, êre, — âèïðàâäîâóâàòè.<br />
15. amicus, i m — äðóã; salveo, –, –, ere — áóòè çäîðîâèì.<br />
16. corvus, i m — âîðîí; ocûlus, i m — îêî; eruo, rui, rûtum,<br />
êre — âèðèâàòè.<br />
17. erro, avi, atum, are — ïîìèëÿòèñÿ; humanus, a, um —<br />
ëþäñüêèé.<br />
18. alienus, a, um — ÷óæèé; vitium, i n — âàäà; habeo, ui, îtum,<br />
ere — ìàòè; a (ç abl.) — â³ä, ç; tergum, i n — ñïèíà; noster,<br />
tra, trum — íàø.<br />
19. dubium, i n — ñóìí³â; pro (ç abl.) — íà êîðèñòü, çà.<br />
20. testamentum, i n — çàïîâ³ò; facio,feci,factum, êre — ðîáèòè.<br />
21. via,ae f – äîðîãà; antiquus, a, um – ñòàðîäàâí³é; tutus, a, um<br />
– áåçïå÷íèé.<br />
22. alter, êra, êrum — ³íøèé; ego — ÿ.<br />
23. incertus, a, um – íåâèçíà÷åíèé; òóò: íåóïåðåäæåíèé; anîmus,<br />
i m – äóõ, äóøà, ðîçóì; dimidium, ii, n – ïîëîâèíà, ñåðåäèíà;<br />
sapientia, ae f – ðîçóìí³ñòü, ìóäð³ñòü.<br />
24. furtum, i n — êðàä³æêà; manifestus, a, um — ÿâíèé.<br />
26. natura, ae f — ïðèðîäà; nihil — í³ùî, í³÷îãî; sine (ç abl.) —<br />
áåç; causa, ae f — ïðè÷èíà; gignit — ïîðîäæóº (gigno, genui,<br />
genîtum, êre — íàðîäæóâàòè).<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Marcus Tullius Cicêro<br />
Ìàðê Òóëë³é Öèöåðîí (106–43 ðð. äî í. å.)<br />
M.Tullius Cicêro — âèäàòíèé ðèìñüêèé îðàòîð, ïîë³òè÷íèé<br />
ä³ÿ÷, ô³ëîñîô, ïèñüìåííèê, àäâîêàò. Éîãî òâîðè, ùî ä³éøëè äî<br />
íàñ, º íåîö³íåííèì äæåðåëîì â³äîìîñòåé ïðî ðèìñüêå ïðàâî 2–<br />
3 ñò. äî í. å. Ïëóòàðõ ïèñàâ ïðî íüîãî: «Ëþäèíà öÿ êðàùå çà óñ³õ
çóì³ëà ïîêàçàòè ðèìëÿíàì ñê³ëüêè ïðèâàáëèâîñò³ ìîæå äîäàòè<br />
ñïðàâåäëèâ³é ñïðàâ³ êðàñíîìîâñòâî; â³í ïîêàçàâ, ùî ïðàâäà íåïåðåáîðíà,<br />
ÿêùî ¿¿ âèñëîâëþþòü âïðàâíî, ³ ùî äîáðîìó äåðæàâíîìó<br />
ä³ÿ÷åâ³ ñë³ä íà ä³ë³ çàâæäè â³ääàâàòè ïåðåâàãó ïðàâó íàä áàæàííÿì<br />
þðáè, à ìîâîþ ñêðàøóâàòè ã³ðêîòó êîðèñíîãî». Íàðîäèâñÿ<br />
Öèöåðîí â Àðïèí³ íà ï³âäåííèé ñõ³ä â³ä Ðèìó, çà ïîõîäæåííÿì<br />
áóâ âåðøíèêîì ³ç ðîäó Òó볺â. Íàâ÷àâñÿ â Ðèì³, ïîò³ì â Àô³íàõ<br />
³ îäåðæàâ ïðåêðàñíó îñâ³òó ç ïðàâà, ðèòîðèêè ³ ô³ëîñîô³¿. Ó 25<br />
ðîê³â Öèöåðîí âèñòóïèâ óæå ó ñóä³ ÿê àäâîêàò. Ìàþ÷è äîáð³ îðãàí³çàòîðñüê³<br />
çä³áíîñò³, ïðåêðàñíó îñâ³òó, Öèöåðîí äîñÿãຠíàéâèùèõ<br />
äåðæàâíèõ ïîñàä. Ó 75 ðîö³ äî í. å. áóâ ïðèçíà÷åíèé êâåñòîðîì<br />
íà Ñèöèë³þ, äîìàãàºòüñÿ îñóäó íàì³ñíèêà Âåððåñà, ÿêèé<br />
áóâ âèêðèòèé íèì ó 70 ð. çà ðîçêðàäàííÿ, õàáàðíèöòâî ³ íåñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü.<br />
Ó 69 ð. Ìàðê Òóëë³é Öèöåðîí óæå êóðóëüíèé åäèë,<br />
ó 66 ð. — ïðåòîð, ó 63 ð. — êîíñóë, â³í ³ ç óñ³ºþ æîðñòîê³ñòþ ïðèäóøóº<br />
çáðîéíèé âèñòóï Ëóö³ÿ Ñåðã³ÿ Êàò³ë³íè. Öèöåðîíó ïðèñâîºíî<br />
ïî÷åñíèé òèòóë — pater patriae (áàòüêî ³ò÷èçíè). Ó<br />
Öèöåðîíà çðîñòຠ³ ê³ëüê³ñòü âîðîã³â. Çà âèìîãîþ íàðîäíîãî òðèáóíà<br />
Êëîä³ÿ (ïðè ïåðøîìó òð³óìâ³ðàò³ — Êðàñ, Ïîìïåé, Öåçàð)<br />
ó 58 ð. Öèöåðîíà íà ð³ê â³äïðàâëÿþòü ó çàñëàííÿ ç êîíô³ñêàö³ºþ<br />
ìàéíà äî Ãðåö³¿. ϳä ÷àñ ãðîìàäÿíñüêî¿ â³éíè Þë³ÿ Öåçàðÿ ç<br />
Ïîìïåºì Öèöåðîí ñòຠíà á³ê Ïîìïåÿ. ϳäòðèìóº ñåíàòñüêó<br />
ïàðò³þ ïðè äèêòàòóð³ Öåçàðÿ, Îêòàâ³àíà Àâãóñòà, îáâèíóâà÷óþ-<br />
÷è Àíòîí³ÿ â çðàä³ ðåñïóáë³ö³. Íàïèñàí³ íèì «Ô³ë³ïï³êè» — 14<br />
ïðîìîâ ïðîòè Àíòîí³ÿ (ìàþòü òàêó íàçâó, òîìó ùî áóëè íàñë³äóâàííÿì<br />
Äåìîñôåíà — ãðåöüêîãî îðàòîðà, ùî âèñòóïèâ ç ïðî<strong>ìîâà</strong>ìè<br />
ïðîòè ìàêåäîíñüêîãî öàðÿ Ô³ë³ïïà). Çà ö³ ïðîìîâè Öèöåðîí<br />
áóâ âíåñåíèé äî ïðîñêðèïö³éíîãî ñïèñêó ³ 7 ãðóäíÿ 43 ð. äî í.<br />
å. áóâ óáèòèé ïðèõèëüíèêàìè Àíòîí³ÿ. Òâîðè Öèöåðîíà — 58<br />
ïðîìîâ, ïîë³òè÷íèõ ³ ñóäîâèõ, ëèñòè (867), 7 òðàêòàò³â ç ðèòîðèêè,<br />
ô³ëîñîôñüê³ òâîðè, ÷èñëåíí³ ñïîãàäè ïðî íüîãî ñëóæàòü ïðåêðàñíèì<br />
äæåðåëîì äëÿ âèâ÷åííÿ á³îãðàô³¿ Öèöåðîíà, ³ñòîð³¿<br />
Ðèìó, ðèìñüêî¿ ðèòîðèêè, ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà. Îðàòîðñüêèé ãåí³é<br />
Öèöåðîíà ñÿãíóâ íåäîñÿæíî¿ âèñîòè, ó éîãî ïðî<strong>ìîâà</strong>õ âåëè÷íà<br />
óðî÷èñò³ñòü ïîºäíóâàëàñÿ ç ó¿äëèâèì ãëóçóâàííÿì, ñòðóíêà ëîã³êà<br />
ç âèñîêèì íàö³îíàëüíèì íàïðóæåííÿì, êðàñà ïîð³âíÿíü ç³<br />
çâóêîâîþ ðèòì³êîþ ôðàçè. Éîãî ë³òåðàòóðíà <strong>ìîâà</strong> âèçíàâàëàñÿ<br />
çðàçêîì ëàòèíñüêî¿ ïðîçè. Æèòòÿ Öèöåðîíà, éîãî ä³ÿëüí³ñòü,<br />
òâîð÷³ñòü — öå ñèìâîë ðèìñüêî¿ ñâ³äîìîñò³, ë³òåðàòóðè ³ êóëüòóðè.<br />
31
32<br />
ARS<br />
Ïîðòðåò â³äîìîãî ïîë³òè÷íîãî<br />
ä³ÿ÷à, îðàòîðà ³ ïèñüìåííèêà<br />
Öèöåðîíà, I ñò. äî í. å.<br />
(Ðèì, Âàòèêàí).<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Pandectae — [ãðåö. pan<br />
dechesthai, îõîïëþâàòè, ì³ñòèòè<br />
âñå] íàçâà çá³ðíèõ þðèäè÷íèõ<br />
òâîð³â — Modestinus,<br />
Ulpianus, ñèíîí³ì — Digesta<br />
Iustiniani.<br />
Ïàíäåêòíà íàóêà, ïàíäåêòèñòèêà,<br />
ïðîöâ³òàëà â XIX ñò.<br />
ó ͳìå÷÷èí³, íàìàãàëàñÿ ñòâîðèòè<br />
íà áàç³ ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà<br />
çàìêíóòó, äîñêîíàëó ñèñòåìó,<br />
ùî äîçâîëÿëà á âèð³øóâàòè<br />
þðèäè÷íèé âèïàäîê øëÿõîì ëîã³÷íèõ ì³ðêóâàíü. Çðîáèëà çíà÷íèé<br />
âíåñîê ó íàóêó ïðàâà, àëå çðåøòîþ âèðîäèëàñÿ â òàê çâàíó<br />
ïîíÿò³éíó þðèñïðóäåíö³þ ³ ïðàâîâèé ïîçèòèâ³çì. ³äïîâ³äíî<br />
ïàíäåêòíèì ïðàâîì íàçèâàþòü í³ìåöüêå ïðèâàòíå ïðàâî, ðîçðîáëåíå<br />
ïàíäåêòèñòèêîþ íà îñíîâ³ ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà.
LECTIO V (QUINTA)<br />
§ 15. DECLINATIO TERTIA<br />
ÒÐÅÒß Â²Ä̲ÍÀ ²ÌÅÍÍÈʲÂ<br />
Äî ²²² â³äì³íè íàëåæàòü ³ìåííèêè âñ³õ òðüîõ ðîä³â, ÿê³ ìàþòü<br />
ó Genetivus singularis çàê³í÷åííÿ -is. Ó Nominativus singularis âîíè<br />
ìàþòü ð³çí³ çàê³í÷åííÿ: ÷îëîâ³÷³é ð³ä: -or, -os, -er, -ex, -es, -o;<br />
æ³íî÷³é ð³ä: -as, -us, -is,- es, -s, -x, -do, -go, -io; ñåðåäí³é ð³ä: -en,<br />
-ur, -us, -e, -al, -ar, -ma, -te, -c, -l . Ïðè çíàéîìñòâ³ ç³ ñëîâíèêîâîþ<br />
ôîðìîþ ³ìåííèê³â ãîâîðèëîñÿ ïðî âàæëèâ³ñòü çàê³í÷åíü<br />
Genetivus singularis, çà ÿêèìè âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ íàëåæí³ñòü äî â³äì³íè.<br />
Çà ôîðìîþ ³ìåííèêà â Genetivus singularis âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ òàêîæ ³<br />
îñíîâà äëÿ â³äì³íþâàííÿ. Ïðî öå ñë³ä ïàì’ÿòàòè, ìàþ÷è ñïðàâó<br />
ç ³ìåííèêàìè ²²² â³äì³íè, òîìó ùî òóò ³ñíóº ãðóïà íåð³âíîñêëàäîâèõ<br />
³ìåííèê³â, òîáòî òèõ, ùî ìàþòü ð³çíó ê³ëüê³ñòü ñêëàä³â ó<br />
Nominativus singularis ³ Genetivus singularis. Ó ñëîâíèêîâ³é ôîðì³<br />
â òàêèõ ³ìåííèê³â ïîðÿä ³ç çàê³í÷åííÿìè Genetivus singularis âêàçóºòüñÿ<br />
³ äîäàòêîâèé ñêëàä, ùî ç’ÿâëÿºòüñÿ: heres, edis, m — ñïàäêîºìåöü;<br />
civîtas, civitatis f — äåðæàâà; tempus, ôris n — ÷àñ. Îñíîâà<br />
äëÿ â³äì³íþâàííÿ â³äïîâ³äàº: hered- , civitat- , tempor- .<br />
§ 16. ÒÐÈ ÒÈÏÈ Â²Ä̲ÍÞÂÀÍÍß<br />
I. Ïðèãîëîñíèé òèï<br />
Äî öüîãî òèïó íàëåæàòü íåð³âíîñêëàäîâ³ ³ìåííèêè âñ³õ òðüîõ<br />
ðîä³â, îñíîâà ÿêèõ çàê³í÷óºòüñÿ íà îäèí ïðèãîëîñíèé. Íàïðèêëàä:<br />
heres, edis m; civîtas, civitatis f; tempus, ôris n.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ ³ìåííèê³â ïðèãîëîñíîãî òèïó:<br />
lex, legis f — çàêîí<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
Nom. lex leges<br />
Gen. legis legum<br />
Dat. legi legbus<br />
Acc. legem leges<br />
Abl. lege legbus<br />
crimen, crimînis n — çëî÷èí, îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
Nom. crimen crimna<br />
Gen. crimnis crimnum<br />
Dat. crimni criminbus<br />
Acc. crimen crimna<br />
Abl. crimne criminbus<br />
33
II. ̳øàíèé òèï<br />
Äî öüîãî òèïó íàëåæàòü :<br />
à) íåðàâíîñêëàäîâ³ ³ìåííèêè, îñíîâà ÿêèõ çàê³í÷óºòüñÿ íà äâà<br />
àáî á³ëüøå ïðèãîëîñíèõ, íàïðèêëàä: pars, partis f — ÷àñòèíà;<br />
mens, mentis m — ðîçóì;<br />
á) ð³âíîñêëàäîâ³ ³ìåííèêè, òîáòî ò³, ÿê³ ó Nominativus singularis<br />
³ Genetivus singularis ìàþòü îäíàêîâó ê³ëüê³ñòü ñêëàä³â,<br />
íàïðèêëàä: testis, testis m, (f) — ñâ³äîê; civis, civis, m (f) — ãðîìàäÿíèí,<br />
ãðîìàäÿíêà.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ ³ìåííèê³â ì³øàíîãî òèïó:<br />
civis, civis m,(f) — ãðîìàäÿíèí, ãðîìàäÿíêà:<br />
34<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
Nom civis cives<br />
Gen. civis civium<br />
Dat. civi civbus<br />
Acc. civem cives<br />
Abl. cive civbus<br />
pars, partis f — ÷àñòèíà:<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
Nom. pars partes<br />
Gen. partis partium<br />
Dat. parti partbus<br />
Acc. partem partes<br />
Abl. parte partbus<br />
III. Ãîëîñíèé òèï<br />
Äî öüîãî òèïó íàëåæàòü ³ìåííèêè ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó, ùî ìàþòü<br />
ó Nominativus singularis çàê³í÷åííÿ -e, -al, -ar.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ ³ìåííèê³â ãîëîñíîãî òèïó:<br />
anîmal, alis n — òâàðèíà:<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
Nom. animal animalia<br />
Gen. animalis animalium<br />
Dat. animali animalbus<br />
Acc. anmal animalia<br />
Abl. animali animalbus<br />
Ïðè â³äì³íþâàíí³ ð³çíèöÿ ïîëÿãຠâ òàêîìó: ³ìåííèêè ãîëîñíîãî<br />
³ ì³øàíîãî òèïó ìàþòü çàê³í÷åííÿ â Genetivus pluralis -ium,<br />
ïðèãîëîñíîãî òèïó -um. Ó Nominativus pluralis â ³ìåííèêàõ ñåðåä-
íüîãî ðîäó ãîëîñíîãî òèïó ïåðåä çàê³í÷åííÿì -à ç’ÿâëÿºòüñÿ ë³òåðà<br />
-³ (- ³à). Ùîá ëåãøå çàïàì’ÿòàòè, ùî ³ìåííèêè ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè<br />
ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó ìàþòü çàê³í÷åííÿ -à â Nominativus pluralis, ìîæíà<br />
ïðîâåñòè àíàëîã³þ ç ³ìåííèêàìè ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó óêðà¿íñüêî¿<br />
ìîâè, ÿê³ òàê ñàìî ó ìíîæèí³ çàê³í÷óþòüñÿ íà -à: ïðàâî — ïðàâà,<br />
â³êíî — â³êíà. Çâåðí³òü òàêîæ óâàãó íà òå, ùî çàê³í÷åííÿ<br />
Nominativus pluralis ³ Accusativus pluralis ³ìåííèê³â ñåðåäíüîãî<br />
ðîäó ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè çá³ãàþòüñÿ. Ìîæíà ãîâîðèòè ïðî ïðàâèëî<br />
ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó: óñ³ ³ìåííèêè ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó ìàþòü çàê³í÷åííÿ<br />
-à â Nominativus ³ Accusativus pluralis.<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
I. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå:<br />
exemplar bonum — ãàðíèé ïðèêëàä; civis Romanus —<br />
ðèìñüêèé ãðîìàäÿíèí; homo, înis m — ëþäèíà; ars, artis<br />
f — ìèñòåöòâî; vectîgal, alis n — ïîäàòîê; mare, is n —<br />
ìîðå.<br />
II. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Dura lex, sed lex. 2. Salus popûli suprema lex. 3. Pugna<br />
pro pace! 4. Fur furum, lupus lupum cognoscit. 5. O tempôra,<br />
o mores! 6. Nomîna sunt odiosa. 7. Alma mater. 8. Labor<br />
omnia vincit. 9. Mens sana in corpôre sano. 10. Ius est ars<br />
boni et aequi. 11. Silent leges inter arma. 12. Non rex est<br />
lex, sed lex est rex. 13. Amor omnia vincit. 14. Nullum<br />
crimen, nulla poena sine lege. 15. Lege artis. 16. De iure.<br />
17. Aurea mediocrîtas. 18. Civis ius sacrum est.<br />
19. Simplicîtas est legîbus amica. 20. Nulla potentia supra<br />
leges debet esse.21. Repetitio est mater studiorum. 22. Scio<br />
me nihil scire. 23. Praesumptio iuris. 24. Manifestum non<br />
eget probatione. 25. Ius gentium. 26. Instans est finis unius<br />
tempôris et principium alterius.<br />
Ñëîâíèê<br />
1. durus, a, um — ñóâîðèé, æîðñòîêèé; lex, legis f — çàêîí.<br />
2. salus, salutis f — áëàãîïîëó÷÷ÿ, ïîðÿòóíîê, áåçïåêà; popûlus,<br />
i m — íàðîä; supremus, a, um — íàéâèùèé.<br />
3. pugno, avi, atum, are — áîðîòèñÿ; pax, pacis f — ìèð.<br />
4. fur, furis m — çëîä³é; lupus, i m — âîâê; cognosco, novi,<br />
nîtum, êre — ï³çíàâàòè.<br />
5. mos, moris n — âäà÷à, çâè÷àé.<br />
35
36<br />
6. nomen, nomînis n — ³ì’ÿ; odiosus, a, um — íåíàâèñíèé, íåïðèºìíèé;<br />
éäåòüñÿ ïðî òå, ùî íàçèâàòè ³ìåíà íåïðèºìíî, òîáòî<br />
íå áóäåìî òîðêàòèñÿ îñ³á.<br />
7. alma — â³ä alo, alui, alîtum, êre — õàð÷óâàòè; mater, matris f<br />
— äîñë.: ìàòè-ãîäóâàëüíèöÿ; almà mater — íàâ÷àëüíèé çàêëàä.<br />
8. labor, oris m — ïðàöÿ; omnis, e — âåñü; vinco, vici, victum,<br />
êre — ïåðåìàãàòè.<br />
9. mens, mentis f — ðîçóì, äóõ; sanus, a, um — çäîðîâèé;<br />
corpus, ôris n — ò³ëî.<br />
10. ius, iuris n — ïðàâî; ars, artis f — ìèñòåöòâî, óì³ííÿ êîðèñòóâàòèñÿ;<br />
bonum, i n — äîáðî, áëàãî; aequum, i n —<br />
ñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü.<br />
11. sileo, ui, –, ere — ìîâ÷àòè; arma, orum n, pl — çáðîÿ.<br />
12. rex, regis m — öàð.<br />
13. amor, oris m — ëþáîâ.<br />
14. nullus, a, um — í³ÿêèé; crimen, înis n — ïðîâèíà, çëî÷èí,<br />
îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ.<br />
15. lege artis — çà âñ³ìà ïðàâèëàìè ìèñòåöòâà.<br />
17. aureus, a, um — çîëîòèé (â³ä aurum, i n — çîëîòî);<br />
mediocrîtas, tatis f — ïîñåðåäí³ñòü, òóò: ñåðåäèíà.<br />
18. sacer, cra, crum — ñâÿùåííèé.<br />
19. simplicîtas, atis f — ïðîñòîòà, ÷åñí³ñòü.<br />
20. supra (ç acc.) — âèùå, íàä, ïîíàä; debeo, bui, bîtum, ere —<br />
áóòè çàáîâ’ÿçàíèì, ìóñèòè.<br />
21. repetitio, onis f — ïîâòîðåííÿ; studium, i m — íàâ÷àííÿ,<br />
çàíÿòòÿ, íàóêà.<br />
22. scio, ivi, itum, ire — çíàòè, óì³òè; nihil — í³ùî, í³÷îãî.<br />
23. praesumptio, onis f — ïðèïóùåííÿ, ïðåçóìïö³ÿ; praesumptio<br />
iuris — ïðèïóùåííÿ, ùî ä³þòü àæ äî äîêàçó ïðîòèâíîãî;<br />
ïðèïóùåííÿ, ùî ñïðîñòîâóº.<br />
24. manifestus, a, um — î÷åâèäíèé; egeo, ui, –, ere — á³äóâàòè<br />
(ó ÷îìó-íåáóäü); probatio, onis f — ñõâàëåííÿ, òóò: äîêàç.<br />
25. gens, ntis f — ð³ä, ïëåì’ÿ, íàðîä.<br />
26. instans, ntis — òåïåð³øí³é, ïîòî÷íèé; finis, is m — ê³íåöü,<br />
ìåæà, êîðäîí, çàâåðøåííÿ; unius — gen. sing. äî unus, a,<br />
um — îäèí; principium, i n — ïî÷àòîê; alterius — gen. sing.<br />
äî alter, altêra, altêrum — äðóãèé, ³íøèé.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Gaius<br />
Ãàé (117/138- 180/192 ðð. äî í. å.)<br />
Âèäàòíèé ðèìñüêèé þðèñò. Òî÷íèõ á³îãðàô³÷íèõ äàíèõ ïðî<br />
íüîãî íå çáåðåãëîñÿ, íåâ³äîìî íàâ³òü éîãî ïîâíå ³ì’ÿ, ä³éøëè â³äîìîñò³,<br />
ùî Ãàé áóâ â÷èòåëåì ³ ïèñüìåííèêîì.
Institutiones (²íñòèòóö³¿) ïðîñëàâèëè éîãî ³ì’ÿ. Âîíè ì³ñòèëè<br />
øê³ëüí³ ëåêö³¿, áóëè íå ëèøå ³äåàëüíèì ï³äðó÷íèêîì ç ïðàâà, àëå<br />
îäåðæàëè òàêîæ ñèëó çàêîíó, íà íèõ ïîñèëàëèñÿ â ñóäàõ. Õî÷à<br />
êëàñè÷í³ þðèñòè éîãî íå öèòóþòü, ç V ñò. Ãàé ñòຠîäíèì ç<br />
íàéá³ëüø øàíîâàíèõ àâòîð³â. ϳçí³ø³ Institutiones Iustiniani ñêëàäàþòüñÿ<br />
íà îñíîâ³ ²íñòèòóö³é Ãàÿ.<br />
Äëÿ íàâ÷àëüíèõ ö³ëåé Ãàé íàïèñàâ åëåìåíòàðíèé ïîñ³áíèê Res<br />
cottidianae (Ñïðàâè ïîâñÿêäåíí³), ÷è Aurora (Àâðîðà), êîìåíòàð³<br />
Ad Q.Mucium (Äî ïðàöü Ê. Ìóö³ÿ), Ad legem XII tabularum (Äî<br />
Çàêîíó XII òàáëèöü), Ad edictum praetoris urbani (Äî åäèêòà<br />
ì³ñüêîãî ïðåòîðà), Ad edictum provinciale (Äî ïðîâ³íö³éíîãî<br />
åäèêòà) òà ³íø³. Óñüîãî ïðèáëèçíî êð³ì ²íñòèòóö³é íèì áóëî íàïèñàíî<br />
32 êíèãè.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Iudex — ñóääÿ â ðèìñüêîìó ïðàâ³ — öå ïðèâàòíà îñîáà,<br />
ÿê³é ìàã³ñòðàò äîðó÷ຠâèíåñòè ð³øåííÿ ïî ò³é ÷è ³íø³é<br />
ñïðàâ³. Êð³ì òîãî, ñóää³ íàé÷àñò³øå íå áóëè ïðîôåñ³éíèìè<br />
þðèñòàìè ³ ïîâèíí³ áóëè ïðè âèíåñåíí³ ð³øåííÿ êåðóâàòèñÿ<br />
ò³ëüêè ñâî¿ìè ìîðàëüíèìè ³ ãðîìàäÿíñüêèìè ïåðåêîíàííÿìè,<br />
à òàêîæ ïðèïèñàìè ìàã³ñòðàòó ³ äîêàçàìè, ÿê³ ñòîðîíè íàâîäèëè<br />
â ïðîöåñ³ ñëóõàíü. Ñóääåþ ì³ã áóòè áóäü-ÿêèé ïîâíîë³òí³é<br />
ðèìñüêèé ãðîìàäÿíèí, ÷èÿ ðåïóòàö³ÿ íå âèêëèêàëà<br />
ñóìí³â³â (íàé÷àñò³øå ñóääÿìè áóëè ñåíàòîðè, ³íîä³ — âåðøíèêè).<br />
Pontî fex (ìí. pontifî ces) — ïîíòèô³ê, æðåöü. Êîëåã³ÿ<br />
æåðö³â — collegium pontifîcum — ñêëàäàëàñÿ ñïî÷àòêó ç ÷îòèðüîõ,<br />
ïîò³ì ç âîñüìè òà, íàðåøò³, ç ï’ÿòíàäöÿòè îñ³á, ç âåðõîâíèì<br />
æåðöåì (pontîfex maxîmus) íà ÷îë³. Âîíà â³äàëà âñ³ìà ïèòàííÿìè<br />
êóëüòó.<br />
Ó ñòàðîäàâí³ ÷àñè ò³ëüêè ïîíòèô³êè ìàëè õî÷ ÿêóñü îñâ³òó,<br />
òîìó âîíè çíàëè ïðàâî; âîíè áðàëè àêòèâíó ó÷àñòü ó òëóìà-<br />
÷åíí³ òà çàñòîñóâàíí³ ïðàâà: ñêëàäàëè ñóäîâèé êàëåíäàð, òëóìà÷èëè<br />
Çàêîíè XII òàáëèöü, çíàëè ñóäîâ³ ôîðìóëè òà äîïîìàãàëè<br />
ñòîðîíàì ïî÷èíàòè ³ âåñòè ñóïåðå÷êó. Çàâäÿêè ñâî¿é øèðîê³é<br />
ä³ÿëüíîñò³ â ãàëóç³ ïðàâà ïîíòèô³êè çðîáèëè çíà÷íèé<br />
âíåñîê ó éîãî ðîçâèòîê ³ ñòàëè îñíîâîïîëîæíèêàìè ðèìñüêî¿<br />
ïðàâîâî¿ íàóêè.<br />
37
38<br />
ARS<br />
Ðèìëÿíèí ç ïîðòðåòîì ïðåäê³â<br />
(Ðèì, ïàëàööî Áàðáåð³í³, I ñò. äî í. å.,<br />
ìîæå áóòè êîï³ÿ åïîõè ³ìïåð³¿). Ïîðòðåòí³<br />
ñòàòó¿ â Äàâíüîìó Ðèì³ íåð³äêî<br />
ñïðèéìàëèñÿ ÿê ñâîãî ðîäó îô³ö³éí³<br />
äîêóìåíòè, ùî ñâ³ä÷àòü ïðî ðîäîâèò³ñòü,<br />
çíàòí³ñòü.
LECTIO VI (SEXTA)<br />
§ 17. ADIECTIVA DECLINATIONIS PRIMAE<br />
ET SECUNDAE<br />
ÏÐÈÊÌÅÒÍÈÊÈ ÏÅÐØί ÒÀ ÄÐÓÃί ²Ä̲ÍÈ<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ â³äì³íêîâ³ ôîðìè ïðèêìåòíèê³â íå â³äð³çíÿþòüñÿ<br />
â³ä â³äïîâ³äíèõ â³äì³íêîâèõ ôîðì ³ìåííèê³â.<br />
Ïðèêìåòíèêè, ùî ìàþòü â Nominativus singularis çàê³í÷åííÿ<br />
-à â³äì³íþþòüñÿ çà I â³äì³íîþ; -us, -er, -um — çà II â³äì³íîþ.<br />
Ó ñëîâíèêó ïðèêìåòíèêè çàïèñóþòüñÿ çà ðîäàìè: ïîâíà ôîðìà<br />
÷îëîâ³÷îãî ðîäó ³ çàê³í÷åííÿ æ³íî÷îãî ³ ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
legitîmus, a, um — çàêîííèé; liber, era, erum — â³ëüíèé;<br />
sacer, cra, crum — ñâÿùåííèé, ñâÿòèé.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ ïðèêìåòíèê³â I–II â³äì³íè:<br />
m f n<br />
Singularis<br />
Nom. legitmus legitma legitmum<br />
Gen. legitmi legitmae legitmi<br />
Dat. legitmo legitmae legitmo<br />
Acc. legitmum legitmam legitmum<br />
Abl. legitmo legitma legitmo<br />
Pluralis<br />
Nom. legitmi legitmae legitma<br />
Gen. legitimorum legitimarum legitimorum<br />
Dat. legitmis legitmis legitmis<br />
Acc. legitmos legitmas legitma<br />
Abl. legitmis legitmis legitmis<br />
Ïðèêìåòíèêè óçãîäæóþòüñÿ ç ³ìåííèêàìè â ðîä³, ÷èñë³ ³ â³äì³íêó.<br />
ßêùî ³ìåííèê ³ óçãîäæåíèé ç íèì ïðèêìåòíèê íàëåæàòü äî ò³º¿ ñàìî¿<br />
â³äì³íè, òî ³ çàê³í÷åííÿ ó íèõ çá³ãàþòüñÿ. ßêùî æ âîíè íàëåæàòü äî<br />
ð³çíèõ â³äì³í, òî êîæíå ñëîâî ìàòèìå çàê³í÷åííÿ ñâ â³äì³íè.<br />
§ 18. PRONOMINA POSSESSIVA<br />
ÏÐÈѲÉͲ ÇÀÉÌÅÍÍÈÊÈ<br />
Ïðèñâ³éí³ çàéìåííèêè â³äì³íþþòüñÿ ÿê ïðèêìåòíèêè I ³ II<br />
â³äì³íè. Ó ñëîâíèêó ïðèñâ³éí³ çàéìåííèêè çàïèñóþòüñÿ çà ðîäîâîþ<br />
îçíàêîþ:<br />
39
Ïðèñâ³éí³ çàéìåííèêè â³äïîâ³äàþòü îñîá³ ï³äìåòà, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
singularis:<br />
(1 îñîáà) nego culpam meam — ÿ çàïåðå÷óþ ñâîþ ïðîâèíó;<br />
(2 îñîáà) negas culpam tuam — òè çàïåðå÷óºø ñâîþ ïðîâèíó;<br />
(3 îñîáà) negat culpam suam — â³í (âîíà) çàïåðå÷óº ñâîþ ïðîâèíó;<br />
pluralis:<br />
(1 îñîáà) negamus culpam nostram — ìè çàïåðå÷óºìî ñâîþ<br />
ïðîâèíó;<br />
(2 îñîáà) negatis culpam vestram — âè çàïåðå÷óºòå ñâîþ ïðîâèíó;<br />
(3 îñîáà) negant culpam suam — âîíè çàïåðå÷óþòü ñâîþ ïðîâèíó.<br />
§ 19. PRONOMINA PERSONALIA ET<br />
PRONOMEN REFLEXIVUM<br />
ÎÑÎÁβ ÇÀÉÌÅÍÍÈÊÈ ² ÇÂÎÐÎÒÍÈÉ ÇÀÉÌÅÍÍÈÊ<br />
40<br />
гä m f n<br />
³äì³íà II I II<br />
Ïðèêëàäè<br />
meus<br />
ì³é<br />
tuus<br />
òâ³é<br />
suus<br />
ñâ³é<br />
noster<br />
íàø<br />
vester<br />
âàø<br />
mea<br />
ìîÿ<br />
tua<br />
òâîÿ<br />
sua<br />
ñâîÿ<br />
nostra<br />
íàøà<br />
vestra<br />
âàøà<br />
meum<br />
ìîº<br />
tuum<br />
òâîº<br />
suum<br />
ñâîº<br />
nostrum<br />
íàøå<br />
vestrum<br />
âàøå<br />
³äì³íþâàííÿ îñîáîâèõ ³ çâîðîòíîãî çàéìåííèêà<br />
×èñëî ³äì³íîê 1 îñîáà 2 îñîáà<br />
Çâîðîòíèé<br />
çàéìåííèê<br />
Nom. ego — ÿ tu — òè —<br />
Gen. mei — ìåíå tui — òåáå sui — ñåáå<br />
Dat. mihi — ìåí³ tibi — òîá³ sibi — ñîá³<br />
Acc. me — ìåíå te — òåáå se — ñåáå<br />
Abl. me — ìíîþ te — òîáîþ se — ñîáîþ<br />
Nom. nos — ìè vos — âè —<br />
Gen. nostri — íàñ vestri — âàñ sui — ñåáå<br />
nostrum — ³ç íàñ vestrum — ³ç âàñ<br />
Dat. nobis — íàì vobis — âàì sibi — ñîá³<br />
Acc. nos — íàñ vos — âàñ se — ñåáå<br />
Abl. nobis — íàìè vobis — âàìè se — ñîáîþ<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ íåìຠîñîáîâîãî çàéìåííèêà 3 îñîáè, éîãî<br />
ôóíêö³þ âèêîíóþòü âêàç³âí³ çàéìåííèêè (§ 36). Çâîðîòíèé çàéìåííèê,<br />
ÿêèé òàê ñàìî, ÿê ³ â óêðà¿íñüê³é ìîâ³, íå ìຠôîðìè Nominativus<br />
singularis ³ pluralis, âæèâàºòüñÿ äëÿ 3 îñîáè îäíèíè òà<br />
ìíîæèíè.<br />
²íîä³ ñëóæáîâ³ ÷àñòèíè ìîâè â ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ âæèâàþòüñÿ<br />
ó âèãëÿä³ ïîñòïîçèòèâíî¿ (ùî ñòî¿òü íàïðèê³íö³ ñëîâà) ÷àñòêè ³<br />
ïèøóòüñÿ ðàçîì ç³ ñëîâîì:<br />
ïðèéìåííèê cum (ç) ó ñïîëó÷åíí³ ç Ablativus îñîáîâèõ ³<br />
çâîðîòíîãî çàéìåííèê³â, íàïðèêëàä: mecum — ç³ ìíîþ, tecum —<br />
ç òîáîþ, secum — ç íèì, ç íåþ, ç íèìè, nobiscum — ç íàìè,<br />
vobiscum — ç âàìè;<br />
ñïîëó÷íèê que (³), íàïðèêëàä: leges XII tabularum «fons<br />
emnis publici privatique iuris» sunt. — Çàêîíè Õ²² òàáëèöü —<br />
äæåðåëî öüîãî ïóáë³÷íîãî òà ïðèâàòíîãî ïðàâà.<br />
ñïîëó÷íèê ve (÷è, àáî), íàïðèêëàä: Hostem latronemve quis<br />
decipit, dolo malo non agit. — Íå 䳺 ç³ çëèì íàì³ðîì òîé, õòî ââîäèòü<br />
â îìàíó âîðîãà ÷è ðîçá³éíèêà.<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
I. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿ:<br />
furtum manifestum — ÿâíà êðàä³æêà, incôla liber —<br />
â³ëüíèé æèòåëü, culpa mea — ìîÿ ïðîâèíà, ager privatus<br />
— ïðèâàòíà çåìëÿ.<br />
II. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Arbîter noster Marcus Tullius est vir laboriosus et<br />
iustus. 2. Omnia mea mecum porto. 3. Sibi bene facit, qui<br />
bene facit amico. 4. Pax vobiscum. 5. Reus culpam suam<br />
negat. 6. Defendunt patriam suam. 7. Vade mecum.<br />
8. Cognosce te ipsum. 9. Non mihi solum vivo, sed etiam<br />
patriae. 10. Culpa tua lata est. 11. Si amicus meus es, tui<br />
amici mei sunt. 12. De tuo facto cavere debes. 13. Ego<br />
tibi, tu mihi. 14. Sc³entia nobis lucet sicut stella in via.<br />
15. Qui non est nobiscum, adversus nos est. 16. Suum<br />
cuique. 17. Socii mei socius, meus socius non est.<br />
18. Noli me tangêre. 19. Meus filius servit tibi et tuus<br />
filius mihi. 20. Si vos valetis, bene est, ego valeo.<br />
21. Habent sua fata libelli. 22. Marcus servus meus liber<br />
esto.<br />
41
Ñëîâíèê<br />
42<br />
1. arbîter, tri m — ñóääÿ; vir, viri m — ÷îëîâ³ê; laboriosus, a,<br />
um — ïðàöüîâèòèé; iustus, a, um — ñïðàâåäëèâèé.<br />
2. omnis, e — âåñü, óñÿêèé; porto,avi, atum, are — íîñèòè.<br />
3. bene — äîáðå; facio, feci, factum, facêre — ðîáèòè; amicus,<br />
i m — äðóã.<br />
4. pax, pacis f — ìèð, ñâ³ò.<br />
5. nego, avi, atum, are — çàïåðå÷óâàòè.<br />
6. defendo, defendi, defensum, êre — çàõèùàòè; patria, ae f —<br />
áàòüê³âùèíà.<br />
7. vado, – êre — íàïðàâëÿòèñÿ.<br />
8. ipse, ipsa, ipsum — ñàì, ñàìà, ñàìå.<br />
9. solum — ò³ëüêè; vivo, vixi, victum, êre — æèòè.<br />
10. latus, a, um — øèðîêèé, âåëèêèé.<br />
12. factum, i n — ñïðàâà, ä³ÿ, â÷èíîê; caveo, cavi, cautum, ere —<br />
ïåðåäáà÷àòè, ñêëàäàòè äîêóìåíòè, ïèëüíóâàòè; debeo, debui,<br />
debîtum, ere — áóòè çîáîâ’ÿçàíèì.<br />
14. sc³entia, ae f – çíàííÿ; luceo, luxi, – ere — ñâ³òèòè; sicut —<br />
ÿê; stella, ae f — ç³ðêà.<br />
15. qui — õòî; adversus (ç acc.) — ïðîòè.<br />
16. cuique = et qui òóò: êîæíîìó.<br />
17. socius, i m — òîâàðèø, ñï³ëüíèê, ïàðòíåð.<br />
18. tango, tetîgi, tactum, êre — òîðêàòè, ñòîñóâàòèñÿ.<br />
19. filius, i m — ñèí; servio, ivi, itum, ire — ñëóæèòè.<br />
20. si — ÿêùî; valeo, lui, litum, ere — áóòè çäîðîâèì.<br />
21. fatum, i n — äîëÿ; libellus, i m — êíèæêà.<br />
22. liber, êra, êrum — â³ëüíèé; servus, i m — ðàá.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Papinianus Aemilius<br />
Ïàï³í³àí Åì³ë³é (?—212 ðð. í. å., ñòðà÷åíèé çà íàêàçîì ³ìïåðàòîðà<br />
Êàðàêàëëè)<br />
Îäèí ç íàéçíà÷í³øèõ ðèìñüêèõ þðèñò³â, Ïàï³í³àí ìàâ àíàë³òè÷íèé<br />
ñêëàä ðîçóìó, ùî çàáåçïå÷óâàâ éîìó ãëèáîêå ðîçóì³ííÿ<br />
æèòòÿ. Çà çàêîíîì ïðî öèòóâàííÿ 426 ð. äî í. å. ç áóäü-ÿêîãî<br />
ïðàâîâîãî ïèòàííÿ ïð³îðèòåò íàäàâàâñÿ ñóäæåííþ Ïàï³í³àíà.<br />
Îñíîâíà ñïàäùèíà Ïàï³í³àíà ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç 19 êíèã Quaestiones<br />
(áàãàòî ïèòàíü ç íèõ ïåðåíåñåí³ â Digesta ³ Responsa). Ó<br />
øêîëàõ ïðàâà âåñü òðåò³é ð³ê íàâ÷àííÿ áóâ ïðèñâÿ÷åíèé ¿õíüîìó<br />
àíàë³çó (çâè÷àéíî òðåòüîêóðñíèê³â íàçèâàëè papiniastae —<br />
ïàï³í³àíöÿìè). Ñòèëü éîãî ïèñüìà áóâ çðàçêîì ñòèñëîñò³ ³ òî÷íîñò³.
ͳìåöüêèé öèâ³ë³ñò Ðóäîëüô Çîì ïèñàâ, ùî Ïàï³í³àí «ïî-<br />
ºäíóâàâ åòè÷íó ñèëó ìîðàëüíî ðîçâèíóòî¿ îñîáèñòîñò³ ç ãðåöüêîþ<br />
äîá³ðí³ñòþ ³ ðèìñüêîþ ãëèáèíîþ òà ãîñòðîòîþ äóìêè».<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Mancipatio (manus+capêre) — ôîðìàëüíå, àáñòðàêòíå ³ äîâ³ëüíå<br />
íàäáàííÿ êâ³ðèòñüêîãî ïðàâà. Êâ³ðèòüñüêå ïðàâî (ius Quiritium) —<br />
íàéäàâí³øå, ñóòî ôîðìàë³ñòè÷íå ÿäðî ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà, ÿêå áóëî<br />
äîñòóïíå âèêëþ÷íî ðèìñüêèì ãðîìàäÿíàì (Quirites — íàéäàâí³øå<br />
ïîçíà÷åííÿ ðèìëÿí), íîðìè é ³íñòèòóòè, ùî â³äïîâ³äàþòü ó<strong>ìîâà</strong>ì<br />
ïðèì³òèâíîãî çåìëåðîáñüêîãî ñóñï³ëüñòâà âëàñíèê³â àáî àíàëîã³÷í³é<br />
âëàä³ íàä âèçíà÷åíèìè îñîáàìè ÷è ðå÷àìè. Ñïî÷àòêó<br />
mancipatio áóëà ïðîäàæåì çà ãîò³âêó (çà ì³äü), ÿêèé â ³ñòîðè÷íèé<br />
ïåð³îä ïåðåòâîðèâñÿ íà óÿâíèé ïðîäàæ (imaginaria venditio): ó ïðèñóòíîñò³<br />
ï’ÿòüîõ ñâ³äê³â, à òàêîæ îñîáëèâî¿ îñîáè — âàãàðÿ (librîpens),<br />
íàáóâà÷ áðàâ ïåðåäàíèé ïðåäìåò, âèìîâëÿþ÷è óðî÷èñòó<br />
ôîðìóëó («ß ñòâåðäæóþ, ùî öåé ïðåäìåò ì³é çà êâ³ðèòñüêèì ïðàâîì,<br />
â³í êóïëåíèé çà öþ ì³äü, çâàæåíó íà öèõ âàãàõ»), óäàðÿâ øìàòêîì<br />
íåîáðîáëåíî¿ ì³ä³ (randuscûlum) ïî âàãàõ ³ ïåðåäàâàâ ì³äü â³ä÷óæóâà÷ó,<br />
ÿêèé áðàâ ¿¿ (gestum per aes et libram).<br />
ARS<br />
Íà áåðåç³ Ò³áðó íà Áè÷à-<br />
÷îìó ôîðóì³ ñòî¿òü Êðóãëèé<br />
õðàì, ñïîðóäæåíèé ó I ñò. äî<br />
í. å. ßêèéñü ÷àñ éîãî íàçèâàëè<br />
«õðàì Âåñòè». Õðàì îòî-<br />
÷óþòü äâàäöÿòü êîðèíôñüêèõ<br />
êîëîí. Ñòðóíê³, âîíè çäàþòüñÿ<br />
çàíàäòî òîíêèìè, òîìó ùî<br />
¿õ âèñîòà â îäèíàäöÿòü ðàç³â<br />
á³ëüøå ä³àìåòðà.<br />
Âåñòà áóëà áîãèíåþ äîìàøíüîãî âîãíèùà ³ ñ³ìåéíîãî æèòòÿ.<br />
Çíà÷åííÿ ¿¿ ñâÿòèëèùà ³ êóëüòó áóëî äóæå âåëèêå, òîìó ùî âîíà<br />
ââàæàëàñÿ çàñòóïíåöåþ äåðæàâíîãî æèòòÿ ³ ì³öíîñò³ äåðæàâè. Ó<br />
õðàì³ íå áóëî ñòàòó¿ áîãèí³, ¿¿ ñèìâîëîì áóâ ñâÿùåííèé âîãîíü,<br />
ÿêèé ãîðèòü ïîñò³éíî ³ ï³äòðèìóºòüñÿ æðèöÿìè-âåñòàëêàìè.<br />
Çã³äíî ç â³ðóâàííÿìè ðèìëÿí, âîãîíü, ÿêèé çãàñ, ïðîðîêóâàâ íåùàñòÿ<br />
Ðèìó. Ó õðàì³ Âåñòè ñëóæèëè ø³ñòü æðèöü, âêëþ÷àþ÷è<br />
ñòàðøó æðèöþ — Virgo Vestalis Maxîma. Âåñòàëêàìè îáèðàëèñÿ<br />
ä³â÷àòà â³êîì â³ä øåñòè äî äåñÿòè ðîê³â, âîíè ïîâèíí³ áóëè ñëóæèòè<br />
áîãèí³ âïðîäîâæ òðèäöÿòè ðîê³â.<br />
43
LECTIO VII (SEPTIMA)<br />
44<br />
§ 20. ADIECTIVA DECLINATIONIS TERTIAE<br />
ÏÐÈÊÌÅÒÍÈÊÈ ÒÐÅÒÜί ²Ä̲ÍÈ<br />
Ïðèêìåòíèêè ²²² â³äì³íè ïîä³ëÿþòüñÿ íà òðè ãðóïè:<br />
1. Ïðèêìåòíèêè òðüîõ çàê³í÷åíü, òîáòî ìàþòü äëÿ êîæíîãî<br />
ðîäó ñâîº çàê³í÷åííÿ (-er — m, - is — f, -e — n), íàïðèêëàä: celer<br />
(øâèäêèé), celêris (øâèäêà), celêre (øâèäêå).<br />
2. Ïðèêìåòíèêè äâîõ çàê³í÷åíü, òîáòî îäíàêîâå çàê³í÷åííÿ<br />
÷îëîâ³÷îãî ³ æ³íî÷îãî ðîäó ³ îêðåìî äëÿ ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó (-is —<br />
m, f , -e — n), íàïðèêëàä: fortis (ñèëüíèé, ñèëüíà), forte (ñèëüíå).<br />
3. Ïðèêìåòíèêè îäíîãî çàê³í÷åííÿ (-r, -x, -s àáî -ns) — ìàþòü<br />
îäíó ôîðìó çàê³í÷åííÿ äëÿ âñ³õ òðüîõ ðîä³â.<br />
Ó ñëîâíèêîâ³é ôîðì³ íà äðóãîìó ì³ñö³ ïîäàºòüñÿ ôîðìà<br />
ïðèêìåòíèêà â Genetivus singularis äëÿ çíàõîäæåííÿ îñíîâè.<br />
Íàïðèêëàä: par (m, f, n), paris (gen. sing.) — ð³âíèé; felix<br />
(m, f, n), felicis (gen. sing.) — ùàñëèâèé; ingens (m, f, n),<br />
ingentis (gen. sing.) — âåëè÷åçíèé.<br />
Ïðèêìåòíèêè III â³äì³íè çì³íþþòüñÿ çà ãîëîñíèì òèïîì<br />
â³äì³íþâàííÿ ³ìåííèê³â, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
fortis m, f forte n<br />
Nom. fortis forte<br />
Gen. fortis fortis<br />
Dat. forti forti<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
Acc. fortem forte<br />
Abl. forti forti<br />
Nom. fortes fortia<br />
Gen. fortium fortium<br />
Dat. fortbus fortbus<br />
Acc. fortes fortia<br />
Abl. fortbus fortbus<br />
§ 21. PARTICIPIUM PRAESENTIS ACTIVI<br />
IJªÏÐÈÊÌÅÒÍÈÊ ÒÅÏÅвØÍÜÎÃÎ ×ÀÑÓ<br />
ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Participium praesentis activi óòâîðþºòüñÿ â³ä îñíîâè ³íôåêòà<br />
øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ ñóô³êñà:
-nt- — äëÿ 䳺ñë³â I–II 䳺â³äì³íè;<br />
-ent- — äëÿ 䳺ñë³â III–IV 䳺â³äì³íè.<br />
ijºïðèêìåòíèêè â³äì³íþþòüñÿ ÿê ïðèêìåòíèêè III â³äì³íè<br />
îäíîãî çàê³í÷åííÿ. Ó Nominativus singularis ïåðåä çàê³í÷åííÿì -s<br />
çâóê [t] çà çàãàëüíèì ïðàâèëîì àñèì³ëþºòüñÿ ³ ñïðîùóºòüñÿ, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
nom. sing. — accusant + s = accusans.<br />
Ñëîâíèêîâà ôîðìà participium praesentis activi ³äåíòè÷íà<br />
ñëîâíèêîâî¿ ôîðì³ ïðèêìåòíèê³â îäíîãî çàê³í÷åííÿ, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
accusans (m, f, n —nom. sing.), accusantis (gen. sing.) — ùî çâèíóâà÷óº.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ participium praesentis activi:<br />
condemnans (m,f ) condemnans (n)<br />
Nom. condemnans condemnans<br />
Gen. condemnantis condemnantis<br />
Dat. condemnanti condemnanti<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
Acc. condemnantem condemnans<br />
Abl. condemnante condemnante<br />
Nom. condemnantes condemnantia<br />
Gen. condemnantium condemnantium<br />
Dat. condemnantbus condemnantbus<br />
Acc. condemnantes condemnantia<br />
Abl. condemnantbus condemnantbus<br />
Ïðè â³äì³íþâàíí³ participium praesentis activi ìîæå äåìîíñòðóâàòè<br />
îçíàêè áóäü-ÿêîãî ð³çíîâèäó III â³äì³íè. Ó Genetivus<br />
singularis ó á³ëüøîñò³ âèïàäê³â çóñòð³÷àºòüñÿ çàê³í÷åííÿ -ium, àëå<br />
³íîä³ â ö³é ôîðì³ ìîæíà áà÷èòè çàê³í÷åííÿ -um.  Ablativus<br />
singularis 䳺ïðèêìåòíèê ÷àñò³øå ìຠçàê³í÷åííÿ -å, àëå ó âèïàäêàõ<br />
âæèâàííÿ ÿê ïðèêìåòíèêà — -i, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
cum consûle redeunte (ç êîíñóëîì, ùî ïîâåðíóâñÿ);<br />
trementi voce (òðåìòÿ÷èì ãîëîñîì).<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ â³ä îñíîâè íà -nt óòâîðþþòüñÿ óæå â³äîì³<br />
³ìåííèêè I â³äì³íè scientia, potentia. Äî óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè óâ³éøëè<br />
ñëîâà ëàáîðàíò (ùî ïðàöþº), îêóïàíò (ùî çàõîïëþº), ñåðâàíò<br />
(ùî çáåð³ãàº), àãåíò (ùî 䳺), ðåãåíò (ùî êåðóº).<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
I. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå:<br />
celer, celêris — øâèäêèé; felix, felicis — ùàñëèâèé;<br />
accusans, accusantis — ùî çâèíóâà÷óº.<br />
45
II. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Ars longa, vita brevis est. 2. Lex specialis derôgat<br />
generali. 3. Causa formalis. 4. Iudex est lex loquens.<br />
5. Homo est anîmal sociale.5. Servus est instrumentum<br />
vocale. 6. Sapienti sat. 7. Fac simîle. 8. Iniuria realis.<br />
Iniuria verbalis. 9. Ira furor brevis est. 10. Omnis ars<br />
naturae imitatio est. 11. Volens — nolens. 12. Sero venientîbus<br />
ossa. 13. Corpôre senex, anîmo iuvênis. 14. Quod licet<br />
Iovi, non licet bovi. 15. Par in parem non habet<br />
iurisdictionem. 16. Omnis definitio in iure civili periculosa<br />
est. 17. Fortuna fortes metuit, ignavos premit. 18. Vox<br />
emissa volat; littêra scripta manet. 19. Non libêrat diadema<br />
capîtis dolore. 20. Simulatio latens. 21. Sapiens omnia facit<br />
cum consilio. 22. Ratio est formalis causa consuetudînis.<br />
23. Reputatio est vulgaris opinio ubi non est verîtas.<br />
24. Probatio concludens debet esse. 25. Negatio duplex est<br />
affirmatio. 26. Quod vanum et inutîle est, lex non requirit.<br />
27. Iniuria ex affectu facientis consistit. 28. Error scribentis<br />
nocere non debet.<br />
Ñëîâíèê<br />
46<br />
1. ars, artis f — ìèñòåöòâî; longus, a, um — äîâãèé, äîâãèé;<br />
brevis, e — êîðîòêèé.<br />
3. formalis, e — ôîðìàëüíèé.<br />
4. iudex, iudîcis m — ñóääÿ; loquor, locutus sum, loqui — ãîâîðèòè.<br />
6. sapiens, entis — ðîçóìíèé, òîé, ùî çíàº, â³ä sapio, ii (ivi), –,<br />
êre — áóòè ìóäðèì; ñë³äóâàòè ðîçóìó; sat — äîñèòü.<br />
7. fac — imperativus sing. â³ä facio, feci, factum, facêre — ðîáèòè,<br />
çä³éñíþâàòè; simîlis, e — ïîä³áíèé.<br />
11. volens — part. praes. act. â³ä volo, volui, –, velle — õîò³òè,<br />
âèðàæàòè âîëþ; nolens — part. praes. act. â³ä nolo, nolui, –,<br />
nolle — íå õîò³òè.<br />
12. venio, veni, ventum, ire — ïðèõîäèòè; os, ossis n — ê³ñòêà.<br />
14. licet, licuit (licîtum est), ere — äîçâîëåíî, äîçâîëÿºòüñÿ; Jovi<br />
â³ä Juppîter, Jovis m — Þï³òåð; bos, bovis m — áèê.<br />
17. fortis, e — õîðîáðèé, ñèëüíèé; metuo, ui, utum, êre — ïîáîþâàòèñÿ,<br />
áîÿòèñÿ; ignavus, a, um — ëåäà÷èé, áåçä³ÿëüíèé;<br />
premo, pressi, pressum, êre — äàâèòè, çíåâàæàòè, òîïòàòè.<br />
18. vox, vocis f — <strong>ìîâà</strong>, ãîëîñ; emitto, misi, missum, êre — ïîñèëàòè,<br />
âèñèëàòè, âèïóñêàòè; volo, avi, atum, are — ë³òàòè;<br />
littêra, ae f — ë³òåðà; scribo, scripsi, scriptum, êre — ïèñàòè;<br />
maneo, mansi, mansum, ere — çàëèøàòèñÿ.
19. diadema, atis n; diadema, ae f (ãðåö.) — ä³àäåìà; ñèíÿ ç<br />
á³ëèì ïîâ’ÿçêà íà ò³àð³ ïåðñüêèõ öàð³â; capîtis dolore — ãîëîâíèé<br />
á³ëü.<br />
20. latens, ntis — part. praes. act. â³ä lateo, ui, –, ere — õîâàòèñÿ;<br />
simulatio latens — óäàâàíà õâîðîáà.<br />
21. consilium, i n — òóò: îáà÷í³ñòü.<br />
22. ratio, onis f — ðîçóì; consuetudo, dînis f — çâè÷êà.<br />
23. reputatio, onis f — ðåïóòàö³ÿ; vulgaris, e — çàãàëüíèé.<br />
24. probatio, onis f — äîêàç; concludens, ntis — çàâåðøåíèé<br />
part. praes. act. â³ä concludo, clusi, clusum, êre — óêëàäàòè,<br />
çàâåðøóâàòè.<br />
25. negatio, onis f — çàïåðå÷åííÿ; duplex, îcis — ïîäâ³éíèé;<br />
affirmatio, onis f — òâåðäæåííÿ.<br />
26. vanus, a, um — ïîðîæí³é, äàðåìíèé; inutîlis, e — ìàðíèé;<br />
requiro, quisivi, quisitum, êre — òóò: âèìàãàòè.<br />
27. iniuria, ae f — òóò: îáðàçà; affectus, us, m — äóøåâíèé ñòàí;<br />
faciens, ntis — ùî ðîáèòü (ïåðåêëàñòè: òîãî, õòî îáðàæàº)<br />
part. praes. act. â³ä facio, feci, factum, êre — ðîáèòè; íàäõîäèòè;<br />
consisto, stîti, –, êre — ïîëÿãàòè, ì³ñòèòèñÿ, êîðåíèòèñÿ.<br />
28. error, oris, m — ïîìèëêà; noceo, cui, cîtum, ere — øêîäèòè.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Augustus Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus<br />
Àâãóñò Ãàé Þë³é Öåçàð Îêòàâ³àí (63 ð. äî í. å. — 14 ð. í. å.)<br />
Çàñíîâíèê ïðèíöèïàòó, ùî çîâí³ ïðèìèðÿâ ðåñïóáë³êàíö³â ³ç<br />
ïðèá³÷íèêàìè ºäèíîíà÷àëüíîñò³, îäíà ç íàéçíà÷í³øèõ ô³ãóð â ³ñòîð³¿<br />
Ðèìó. Çä³éñíèâ áàãàòî ðåôîðì ó ãàëóç³ ïðàâà — lex Iulia 19–41.<br />
Çàêîíîäàâ÷à ä³ÿëüí³ñòü Îêòàâ³àíà Àâãóñòà áóëà ñïðÿ<strong>ìîâà</strong>íà<br />
íà óäîñêîíàëåííÿ äåðæàâíî¿ ³ ñóäîâî¿ ñèñòåìè, íà çì³öíåííÿ<br />
ðèìñüêî¿ ðîäèíè ³ ìîðàëüíèõ çàñàä ðèìñüêîãî ñóñï³ëüñòâà.<br />
×àñ ïðàâë³ííÿ Àâãóñòà — ÷àñ ðîçêâ³òó ìèñòåöòâ: ó ö³ ðîêè<br />
òâîðèëè ïîåòè Âåðã³ë³é, Ãîðàö³é, Ïðîïåðö³é, ³ñòîðèê Òèò ˳â³é.<br />
Ïðè Àâãóñò³ â Ðèì³ áóëè çâåäåí³ Â³âòàð Ñâ³òó, ôîðóì Àâãóñòà,<br />
ìàâçîëåé íà Ìàðñîâîìó ïîë³.<br />
ARS<br />
Ñòàòóÿ Àâãóñòà ç â³ëëè ˳⳿ â Ïðèìà Ïîðòà. Ïåðøà ïîëîâèíà<br />
I ñò. í. å. ßê ïîëêîâîäåöü, ùî âèñòóïຠç ïðîìîâîþ ïåðåä<br />
â³éñüêîì, Àâãóñò ïðåäñòàâëåíèé ó âàòèêàíñüê³é ñòàòó¿ ç Ïðèìà<br />
Ïîðòà. Ðåëüºôè íà ïàíöèð³ ïðåäñòàâëÿþòü éîãî ïåðåìîãè. Ó âåðõí³é<br />
÷àñòèí³ ïàíöèðà âèäíî áîãà ñîíöÿ Ãåë³îñà, Àïîëëîíà ³ Àðòåì³äó,<br />
ùî îõîðîíÿëè Àâãóñòà.<br />
47
Çà ñëîâàìè ðèìñüêîãî ïèñüìåííèêà<br />
Ñâåòîí³ÿ, ³ìïåðàòîð íå â³äð³çíÿâñÿ<br />
ì³öíèì çäîðîâ’ÿì, «…ëåäâå<br />
ïåðåíîñèâ ³ õîëîä, ³ ñïåêó. Âçèìêó<br />
â³í íàäÿãàâ íå ëèøå ÷îòèðè<br />
òóí³êè ³ òîâñòó òîãó, àëå ³ ñîðî÷êó,<br />
³ âîâíÿíèé íàãðóäíèê, ³ îáìîòêè íà<br />
ñòåãíà ³ ãîì³ëêè». (Ñâåòîí³é, Áîæåñòâåííèé<br />
Àâãóñò, 81–82 ðð.). Àëå<br />
â ñòàòó¿ â³í ïîä³áíèé ìîãóòíüîìó<br />
àòëåòó. Ó í³ã Àâãóñòà ñèìâîë Àôðîä³òè<br />
— àìóð íà äåëüô³í³. ³í<br />
óêàçóº íà áîæåñòâåíí³ñòü ðîäó<br />
ïðèíöåïñà — princeps (primus +<br />
capio) — ³ìïåðàòîð.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Peditatus — ï³õîòà. Ðèìñüêà ï³õîòà ïîä³ëÿëàñÿ íà ëåã³îíè.<br />
Legio — ëåã³îí íàðàõîâóâàâ ïðè Ðîìóë³ 3 000 ÷îëîâ³ê ï³õîòè<br />
³ 300 âåðøíèê³â, ï³çí³øå 6 000 ñîëäàò. Áóâ ðîçä³ëåíèé íà 10<br />
êîãîðò.<br />
Cohors — êîãîðòà ñêëàäàëàñÿ ç òðüîõ ìàí³ïóë³â ïî 200 ÷îëîâ³ê.<br />
Manipûlus — ìàí³ïóë ïîä³ëÿâñÿ íà 2 öåíòó𳿠(centum — ñòî)<br />
ïî ñòî ÷îëîâ³ê. Íà ÷îë³ öåíòó𳿠ñòîÿâ öåíòóð³îí (centurio).<br />
Equitatus — ê³ííîòà, ôëàíãîâå ïðèêðèòòÿ.<br />
Ala — êðèëî, ôëàíã ïðè ëåã³îí³ ñêëàäàâñÿ ç 300 ÷îëîâ³ê, ïîä³ëÿâñÿ<br />
íà 10 òóðì.<br />
Turma — òóðìà, ï³äðîçä³ë ç 30 âåðøíèê³â ( 1 / 10 ðèìñüêîãî ala),<br />
ÿêèé ïîä³ëÿâñÿ íà òðè çàãîíè ïî 10 ÷îëîâ³ê, ùî íàçèâàëèñÿ äåêóð³ÿìè<br />
(decuria â³ä decem — äåñÿòü).<br />
Signum — ïðàïîð. Signum legionis — äîâãå ðàòèùå, çâåðõó<br />
íà ÿêå êð³ïèëîñÿ çîáðàæåííÿ îðëà (aquîla) ç ðîçïðîñòåðòèìè êðèëàìè.<br />
Signum manipûli íàãîð³ ìàëî âèòÿãíóòó äîëîíþ (manus —<br />
ðóêà, äîëîíÿ, çàã³í).<br />
Äî ðàòèù ³íîä³ ïðèêð³ïëþâàëèñÿ çîáðàæåííÿ ïîëêîâîäö³â,<br />
ìàëåíüê³ êðóãë³ ùèòè àáî ³íø³ ñèìâîëè.<br />
Vexillum — ïðàïîð ê³ííîòè, øìàòîê ãàí÷³ðêè, ùî ïðèêð³ïëþâàâñÿ<br />
äî ðàòèùà íà ïîïåðå÷í³é ïåðåêëàäèí³.<br />
SPQR (senatus populusque Romanus) — ö³ ë³òåðè ÷àñòî çîáðàæóâàëèñÿ<br />
íà ïðàïîðàõ ÿê ñèìâîë ðèìñüêî¿ äåðæàâè.<br />
48
LECTIO VIII (OCTAVA)<br />
§ 22. IMPERFECTUM INDICATIVI ACTIVI<br />
ÌÈÍÓËÈÉ ÍÅÄÎÊÎÍÀÍÎÃÎ ÂÈÄÓ Ä²ÉÑÍÎÃÎ<br />
ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Imperfectum âèðàæຠíåçàê³í÷åíó ä³þ â ïðèºäíóâàííÿ ïî<br />
â³äíîøåííþ äî ìèíóëîãî, â³äïîâ³äຠ䳺ñëîâàì íåäîêîíàíîãî<br />
âèäó. Óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ ñóô³êñà -ba- äëÿ 䳺ñë³â<br />
I ³ II 䳺â³äì³íè; -eba — äëÿ 䳺ñë³â III ³ IV 䳺â³äì³íè äî îñíîâè<br />
³íôåêòà ³ îñîáîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü, ùî â³äð³çíÿþòüñÿ â³ä çàê³í÷åíü<br />
Ðraesens indicativi activi ò³ëüêè çàê³í÷åííÿì ïåðøî¿ îñîáè îäíèíè:<br />
-m.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñë³â ó Imperfectum:<br />
<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
I <br />
condemnare<br />
<br />
1 condemna- ba- m<br />
<br />
2 condemna-ba-s<br />
3 condemna-ba-t<br />
1 condemna-ba-mus<br />
<br />
2 condemna-ba-tis<br />
3 condemna-ba-nt<br />
II <br />
docere<br />
<br />
doce-ba-m<br />
<br />
doce-ba-s<br />
doce-ba-t<br />
doce-ba-mus<br />
<br />
doce-ba-tis<br />
doce-ba-nt<br />
III <br />
defendre<br />
<br />
defend-eba-m<br />
<br />
defend-eba-s<br />
defend-eba-t<br />
defend-eba-mus<br />
<br />
defend-eba-tis<br />
defend-eba-nt<br />
Imperfectum indicativi activi 䳺ñëîâà esse<br />
Îñîáà Singularis Pluralis<br />
1 eram eramus<br />
2 eras eratis<br />
3 erat erant<br />
IV <br />
punire<br />
<br />
puni-eba-m<br />
<br />
puni-eba-s<br />
puni-eba-t<br />
puni-eba-mus<br />
<br />
puni-eba-tis<br />
puni-eba-nt<br />
§ 23. FUTURUM I (PRIMUM) INDICATIVI ACTIVI<br />
ÌÀÉÁÓÒÍ²É ×ÀÑ (ÏÅÐØÈÉ) IJÉÑÍÎÃÎ ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ<br />
ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Ìàéáóòí³é ïåðøèé â³äïîâ³äຠâ óêðà¿íñüê³é ìîâ³ ìàéáóòíüîìó<br />
÷àñó äîêîíàíîãî ³ íåäîêîíàíîãî âèäó: accusabo — ÿ çâèíóâà-<br />
÷ó, ÿ çâèíóâà÷óâàòèìó, ÿ áóäó çâèíóâà÷óâàòè.<br />
49
Futurum I óòâîðþºòüñÿ ó òàêèé ñïîñ³á:<br />
äëÿ 䳺ñë³â I ³ II 䳺â³äì³íè íåîáõ³äíî äî îñíîâè ³íôåêòà ïðè-<br />
ºäíàòè ñóô³êñ -b- , ó äðóã³é ³ òðåò³é îñîá³ îäíèíè é ó ïåðø³é ³<br />
äðóã³é îñîá³ ìíîæèíè ñïîëó÷íó ãîëîñíó -³- , ó òðåò³é îñîá³ ìíîæèíè<br />
ñïîëó÷íó ãîëîñíó -u- ³ îñîáîâ³ çàê³í÷åííÿ: äëÿ singularis —<br />
-o, -s, -t, äëÿ ðluralis — -mus, -tis, -nt;<br />
ó 䳺ñë³â III ³ IV 䳺â³äì³í äî îñíîâè ³íôåêòà ïðèºäíóºòüñÿ<br />
ñóô³êñ -å- , ó ïåðø³é îñîá³ îäíèíè — -à- é îñîáîâ³ çàê³í÷åííÿ: äëÿ<br />
singularis — -m, -s, -t, äëÿ ðluralis — -mus, -tis, -nt.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñë³â ó Futurum I:<br />
<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
50<br />
I <br />
condemnare<br />
<br />
1 condemna- b-o<br />
,<br />
<br />
2 condemna- bi-s<br />
3 condemna- bi-t<br />
1 condemna-b-mus<br />
<br />
,<br />
<br />
2 condemna-b-tis<br />
3 condemna-bu-nt<br />
II <br />
docere<br />
<br />
III <br />
defendre<br />
<br />
Futurum I indicativi activi 䳺ñëîâà esse<br />
IV <br />
punire<br />
<br />
doce-b-o defend-a-m puni-a-m<br />
<br />
<br />
doce-bi-s defend-e-s puni-e-s<br />
doce-bi-t defend-e-t puni-e-t<br />
doce-b-mus<br />
<br />
, <br />
<br />
defend-e-mus<br />
<br />
, <br />
<br />
puni-e-mus<br />
<br />
, <br />
<br />
doce-b-tis defend-e-tis puni-e-tis<br />
doce-bu-nt defend-e-nt puni-e-nt<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
1<br />
ero ermus<br />
2<br />
3<br />
eris ertis<br />
erit erunt<br />
I. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå â Praesens, Imperfecum, Futurum I 䳺ñëîâà:<br />
cogitare — ìèñëèòè, videre — áà÷èòè, defendêre — çàõèùàòè,<br />
audire — ñëóõàòè.<br />
II. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Servorum numêrus magnus erat. 2. Graeci Troiam<br />
delebant. 3. Qui semînat mala, metet mala. 4. Servorum
Ñëîâíèê<br />
officia varia erant: alii terram colebant, alii domi ministrabant,<br />
alii in agris laborabant, alii puêros et puellas<br />
docebant. 5. Advocatus in foro causam dicebat. 6. In<br />
principio erat Verbum et verbum erat Deum, et Deus erat<br />
Verbum. 7. Ait praetor: «Si non habebunt advocatum, ego<br />
dabo». 8. Quod hodie est, id cras erit. 9. Romani antiqui<br />
multos deos colebant: Neptunum, Mercurium, Proserpînam,<br />
Vestam. 10. Reus culpam suam negabat. 11. Ego<br />
semper sperabo. 12. Dicam, quid sentiam. 13. Qui quàerit,<br />
repêrit. 14. Sine iustitia nihil valebit prudentia. 15. Servi<br />
vitam molestam et misêram agebant. 16. Et longa vita erat<br />
et periculosa. 17. Celtas Romani lingua sua Gallos appellabant.<br />
18. O rus! Quando ego te aspiciam? 19. Tempus tibi<br />
consilium dabit.<br />
1. numêrus, i m — ÷èñëî; magnus, a, um — âåëèêèé.<br />
2. Graecus, i m — ãðåê; Troia, ae f — Òðîÿ; deleo, levi, letum,<br />
ere — çíèùóâàòè.<br />
3. semîno, avi, atum, are — ñ³ÿòè; malus, a, um — ïîãàíèé;<br />
meto, (messui), messum, êre — êîñèòè, æàòè, çáèðàòè.<br />
4. officium, i n — ñëóæáîâèé îáîâ’ÿçîê; varius, a, um — ð³çíèé,<br />
ð³çíîìàí³òíèé; alius, a, ud — ³íøèé (ç áàãàòüîõ); terra, ae f<br />
— çåìëÿ; colo, colui, cultum, êre — îáðîáëÿòè, øàíóâàòè;<br />
domus, us f — áóäèíîê; ministro, avi, atum, are — ñëóæèòè;<br />
ager, agri m — ïîëå; laboro, avi, atum, are — ïðàöþâàòè;<br />
puer, êri m — õëîï÷èê; puella, ae f — ä³â÷èíêà; doceo, docui,<br />
doctum, ere — ó÷èòè, íàâ÷àòè.<br />
5. forum, i n — ðèíêîâà ïëîùà, ñóä; causam dicêre — îãîëîøóâàòè<br />
ð³øåííÿ; apud (ç acc.) — ó, ó ïðèñóòíîñò³.<br />
6. verbum, i n — ñëîâî; Deus, Dei m — Áîã.<br />
7. aio, ait — ñòâåðäæóâàòè, ãîâîðèòè.<br />
8. quod — ùî; hodie (adv.) — ñüîãîäí³, çàðàç; cras (adv.) — çàâòðà.<br />
9. Romanus, i m — ðèìëÿíèí; multus, a, um — áàãàòî, ÷èñëåííèé;<br />
Neptunus, i m — Íåïòóí (ó ãðåê³â Ïîñåéäîí), áîã ìîð³â<br />
³ óñ³õ âîäîéì; Mercurius, i m — Ìåðêóð³é (îòîòîæíþâàâñÿ<br />
ç ãðåöüê. Ãåðìåñîì), â³ñíèê áîã³â; Proserpîna, ae f — Ïðîçåðï³íà,<br />
áîãèíÿ ï³äçåìíîãî öàðñòâà; Vesta, ae f — Âåñòà, áîãèíÿ<br />
äîìàøíüîãî âîãíèùà, äîìîâèòîñò³ ³ ÷èñòîòè ñ³ìåéíîãî<br />
æèòòÿ (¿¿ õðàì çíàõîäèâñÿ â ï³âäåíí³é ÷àñòèí³ Ðèìñüêîãî<br />
ôîðóìó).<br />
10. nego, avi, atum, are — çàïåðå÷óâàòè.<br />
11. semper — çàâæäè.<br />
51
52<br />
12. dico, dixi, dictum, êre — ãîâîðèòè; sentio, sensi, sensum,<br />
ire — äóìàòè, â³ä÷óâàòè.<br />
13. quaero, quaesivi, quaesitum, êre — çàïèòóâàòè, øóêàòè;<br />
reperio, reppêri, repertum, ire — çíàõîäèòè.<br />
14. nihil — í³ùî, í³÷îãî; prudentia, ae f — íàóêà, çíàííÿ;<br />
iurisprudentia, ae f — ïðàâîçíàâñòâî; valeo, lui, lîtum,<br />
ere — áóòè çäîðîâèì, áóòè ä³éñíèì; ìàòè ñèëó.<br />
15. molestus, a, um — âàæêèé, ñóìíèé; miser, sêra, sêrum —<br />
æàëþã³äíèé, íåùàñíèé; ago, egi, actum, agêre — òóò: âåñòè.<br />
16. periculosus, a, um — íåáåçïå÷íèé.<br />
17. Celtae, arum m — êåëüòè; Gallus, i m — ãàëë; appello, avi,<br />
atum, are — íàçèâàòè.<br />
18. rus, ruris n — ñåëî; quando — êîëè; aspicio, spexi, spectum,<br />
êre — áà÷èòè, ñïîãëÿäàòè.<br />
19. tempus, ôris n — ÷àñ; consilium, i n — ðàäà; do, dedi, datum,<br />
dare — äàâàòè.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Pomponius, Sextus<br />
Ïîìïîí³é Ñåêñò (²² ñò. í. å.), ñó÷àñíèê Þë³àíà (äèâ.: Ðersonalia,<br />
lectio X), íàéïë³äí³øèé àâòîð ñåðåä þðèñò³â II ñò., çàéìàâñÿ âèêëþ÷íî<br />
âèêëàäàöüêîþ ³ ë³òåðàòóðíîþ ä³ÿëüí³ñòþ â ãàëóç³ ïðèâàòíîãî<br />
ïðàâà. Ìîæå ââàæàòèñÿ îäíèì ç ïåðøèõ ³ñòîðèê³â ðèìñüêîãî<br />
ïðàâà. Ïîìïîí³é áàãàòî â ÷îìó çàëåæèòü â³ä ñâî¿õ ïîïåðåäíèê³â<br />
³ íàâ³òü ïðàãíå óçàãàëüíèòè íàéâàæëèâ³ø³ ðåçóëüòàòè ¿õíüî¿ òâîð-<br />
÷îñò³. Ïðî öå ñâ³ä÷àòü éîãî òâîðè Ex Sabino (Ç òâîð³â Ñàá³íà),.<br />
Ad Q. Mucium (êîìåíòàð³ äî òâîð³â Ê. Ìóö³ÿ), Ex Plautio, à òàêîæ<br />
íàéá³ëüøèé ñåðåä â³äîìèõ êîìåíòàð³â Ad edictum, ùî, ìîæëèâî,<br />
ñêëàäàâñÿ ç 150 êíèã. Êàçó¿ñòèö³ áóëî ïðèñâÿ÷åíî Variae lectiones<br />
(гçíîìàí³òí³ ÷èòàííÿ), Epistûlae (Ëèñòè); êð³ì òîãî, â³í íàïèñàâ<br />
Senatusconsulta (Ñåíàòóñêîíñóëüòè — ïîñòàíîâè ñåíàòó),<br />
Fideicomissa (Ô³äå³êîì³ñè —íåôîðìàëüí³ çàïîâ³òí³ â³äìîâè),<br />
Regûlae, De stipulationîbus (Ïðî ñòèïóëÿö³¿). Äóæå âàæëèâà, ÿê<br />
ºäèíå ó ñâîºìó ðîä³ äæåðåëî, íåâåëèêà ðîáîòà Enchiridium<br />
(Ïîñ³áíèê) — ³ñòîðè÷íèé îãëÿä íàóêè ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà äî<br />
Þë³àíà (âêëþ÷íî).<br />
Ïîìïîí³é áóâ äóæå ïðàöüîâèòèì, â îäíîìó ç³ ñâî¿õ ëèñò³â<br />
(ÿêèé áóâ âèêëàäåíèé ó Äèãåñòàõ) â³í êàæå: «Íà 78 ðîö³ æèòòÿ<br />
âèâ÷åííÿ º ºäèíîþ ï³äñòàâîþ æèòòÿ, ³ õî÷ áè ÿ ñòîÿâ îäí³ºþ íîãîþ<br />
â ìîãèë³, àëå õîò³â áè âèâ÷èòè ùå ùî-íåáóäü».
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Codex (äîùå÷êà) — çâ’ÿçàí³ ó âèãëÿä³ êíèãè äåðåâ’ÿí³ íàâîùåí³<br />
äîùå÷êè àáî ñóâî¿ ïàï³ðóñó ÷è ïåðãàìåíòó.<br />
Codex Euricianus — êîìïëåêñ âåñòãîòñüêîãî ïðàâà, ÿêèé áóâ<br />
óçàêîíåíèé ïðèáëèçíî â 475 ð. çà êîðîëÿ Åâðèõà; áóâ ïîêëàäåíèé<br />
â îñíîâó ï³çí³øèõ âåñòãîòñüêèõ êîäåêñ³â, éîãî âïëèâ âèÿâëÿâñÿ<br />
ùå â í³ìåöüêîìó ïðàâ³ ðàííüîãî ñåðåäíüîâ³÷÷ÿ.<br />
Codex Gregorianus — íàéñòàð³øèé ïðèâàòíèé çá³ðíèê ³ìïåðàòîðñüêèõ<br />
êîíñòèòóö³é â³ä Àäð³àíà äî ijîêëåò³àíà, ÿêèé áóâ<br />
óêëàäåíèé Ãðåãîðîì (àëå íå Ãðåãîð³àíîì, ÿê ÷àñòî êàæóòü) íàïðèê³íö³<br />
III ñò.; éîãî ïðîäîâæåííÿì ñòàâ codex Hermogenianus<br />
(ðèìñüêèé þðèñò – òåçêà þðèñòà ï³ñëÿêëàñè÷íîãî ïåð³îäó Ãåðìîãåí³àíà,<br />
ÿêèé íàïèñàâ Iuris epitomae (âèòÿãè ç òâîð³â ïîïåðåäíèõ<br />
þðèñò³â), õî÷à àâòîðà ìîãëè çâàòè ³ Ãåðìîãåí), ÿêèé ì³ñòèòü<br />
ó ñîá³ êîíñòèòóö³¿ çà ê³ëüêà íàñòóïíèõ ðîê³â.<br />
Codex Iustinianus — ïåðøà ÷àñòèíà êîäåêñó CIC, âèäàíà 7<br />
êâ³òíÿ 529 ð.<br />
Codex Theodosianus — ïåðøèé ç ï³çíüîðèìñüêèõ êîäåêñ³â,<br />
ÿêèé áóâ âèäàíèé çà ÷àñ³â ñõ³äíî-ðèìñüêîãî ³ìïåðàòîðà Ôåîäîñ³ÿ<br />
II, áóâ ÷èííèé ç 1 ñ³÷íÿ 439 ð. äëÿ<br />
âñ³º¿ Ðèìñüêî¿ ³ìïåð³¿. Ôåîäîñ³¿â êîäåêñ<br />
áóâ ëèøå ç³áðàííÿì êîíñòèòóö³é,<br />
ùî áóëè âèäàí³, ïî÷èíàþ÷è ç<br />
Êîñòÿíòèíà (IV ñò.) ³ º äîïîâíåííÿì<br />
äî Ãðåãîð³ºâà òà Ãåðìîãåí³àíîâà êîäåêñ³â.<br />
Êîäåêñ ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç 16 êíèã,<br />
êíèãè ïîä³ëÿþòüñÿ íà òèòóëè; âñüîãî<br />
â êîäåêñ³ 3 000 êîíñòèòóö³é ñêîðî÷åíèõ,<br />
à ì³ñöÿìè ³ çì³íåíèõ.<br />
ARS<br />
Ó áðîíçîâ³é ñòàòó¿ îðàòîðà Àâëà<br />
Ìåòåëëà, I ñò. äî í. å. (Ôëîðåíö³ÿ,<br />
Àðõåîëîã³÷íèé ìóçåé), âèêîíàí³é,<br />
íàïåâíî, åòðóñüêèì ìàéñòðîì, òîìó<br />
ùî ³ì’ÿ çîáðàæåíîãî åòðóñüêîþ íàíåñåíî<br />
íà êðàé îäÿãó, â³äáèëàñÿ óëþáëåíà<br />
ðèìëÿíàìè òî÷í³ñòü ó ïåðåäà÷³ ïîðòðåòíèõ<br />
ðèñ.<br />
53
LECTIO IX (NONA)<br />
54<br />
§ 24. DECLINATIO QUARTA<br />
×ÅÒÂÅÐÒÀ ²Ä̲ÍÀ ²ÌÅÍÍÈʲÂ<br />
Äî IV â³äì³íè íàëåæàòü ³ìåííèêè ÷îëîâ³÷îãî ³ ñåðåäíüîãî<br />
ðîäó, ùî ìàþòü ó Genetivus singularis çàê³í÷åííÿ -us. Ó Nominativus<br />
singularis ³ìåííèêè ÷îëîâ³÷îãî ðîäó çàê³í÷óþòüñÿ íà -us,<br />
ñåðåäíüîãî — íà -u.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ ³ìåííèê³â:<br />
<br />
fructus, us, m<br />
<br />
cornu, us, n<br />
<br />
Nom. fructus cornu<br />
Gen. fructus cornus<br />
Dat. fructui cornu<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
Acc. fructum cornu<br />
Abl. fructu cornu<br />
Nom. fructus cornua<br />
Gen. fructuum cornuum<br />
Dat. fructbus cornbus<br />
Acc. fructus cornua<br />
Abl. fructbus cornbus<br />
ʳëüêà ³ìåííèê³â IV â³äì³íè íàëåæàòü äî æ³íî÷îãî ðîäó, ç<br />
ÿêèõ íàé÷àñò³øå âæèâàþòüñÿ:<br />
domus, us f — äîì;<br />
manus, us f — ðóêà.<br />
²ìåííèê domus ìîæå âæèâàòèñÿ ó ïðèñë³âíèêîâ³é ôóíêö³¿:<br />
dom³ — âäîìà; domî — ç äîìó; domum — äîäîìó. ²ìåííèê domus<br />
ó äåÿêèõ â³äì³íêàõ ìຠïîðÿä ³ç çàê³í÷åííÿìè IV â³äì³íè çàê³í-<br />
÷åííÿ II â³äì³íè, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
IV II <br />
Nom. domus —<br />
Gen. domus domi<br />
Dat. domui domo<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
Acc. domum —<br />
Abl. domu domo<br />
Nom. domus —<br />
Gen. domuum domorum<br />
Dat. dombus —<br />
Acc. domus domos<br />
Abl. dombus —
§ 25. DECLINATIO QUINTA<br />
Ï’ßÒÀ ²Ä̲ÍÀ ²ÌÅÍÍÈʲÂ<br />
Äî V â³äì³íè íàëåæàòü ³ìåííèêè æ³íî÷îãî ðîäó, ùî ìàþòü<br />
çàê³í÷åííÿ â Genetivus singularis -ei, ó Nominativus singularis —<br />
-es. ²ìåííèê³â V â³äì³íè íåáàãàòî, â îñíîâíîìó âîíè ïîçíà÷àþòü<br />
àáñòðàêòí³ ïîíÿòòÿ. Ó ìíîæèí³ âîíè àáî íå âæèâàþòüñÿ, àáî ìàþòü<br />
ôîðìè Nominativus et Accusativus.  óñ³õ â³äì³íêàõ ³ ÷èñëàõ<br />
â³äì³íþþòüñÿ ò³ëüêè äâà ³ìåííèêè: res ³ dies.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ:<br />
×èñëî ³äì³íîê<br />
res, ei f<br />
ð³÷, ñïðàâà<br />
dies, ei f, m<br />
äåíü, òåðì³í<br />
Nom. res dies<br />
Gen. rei diei<br />
Dat. rei diei<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
Acc. rem diem<br />
Abl. re die<br />
Nom. res dies<br />
Gen. rerum dierum<br />
Dat. rebus diebus<br />
Acc. res dies<br />
Abl. rebus diebus<br />
§ 26. IJªÑËÎÂÀ ²²² IJªÂ²Ä̲ÍÈ ÍÀ –IO<br />
ijºñëîâà ²²² 䳺â³äì³íè, ùî ìàþòü çàê³í÷åííÿ ïåðøî¿ îñîáè<br />
îäíèíè â praesens indicativi activi -io (capio – áåðó, facio – ðîáëþ,<br />
fugio – á³æó, iacio – êèäàþ, rapio – âèêðàäàþ é ³í.), ó ÷àñàõ<br />
ñèñòåìè ³íôåêòà â³äì³íþþòüñÿ çà IV 䳺â³äì³íîþ, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
1 apio<br />
<br />
2 capis<br />
3 capit<br />
Praesens Imperfectum Futurum I<br />
1 capmus<br />
<br />
2 captis<br />
3 capiunt<br />
capiebam<br />
<br />
capiebas<br />
capiebat<br />
capiebamus<br />
<br />
capiebatis<br />
capiebant<br />
capiam<br />
<br />
()<br />
apies<br />
capiet<br />
capiemus<br />
<br />
<br />
()<br />
capietis<br />
capient<br />
55
Âïðàâè<br />
I. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå:<br />
fructus dulcis — ñîëîäêèé ïë³ä; res publîca — ñóñï³ëüíà ñïðàâà,<br />
äåðæàâà; bona fides — äîáðîñîâ³ñí³ñòü, ñóìë³íí³ñòü.<br />
II. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Tacîto consensu. 2. Manus manum lavat. 3. Litterarum<br />
radîces amarae, fructus dulces. 4. Actio in rem. Actio in<br />
personam. 5. Libertas inaestimabîlis res est. 6. Omnium<br />
rerum initium difficîle est. 7. «Est res publîca res popûli», —<br />
sic Cicêro docet in libro: «De re publîca». 8. Dies diem<br />
docet. 9. Nulla dies sine linea. 10. Popûlus Romanus<br />
descriptus est in tribus, exercîtus in centurias. 11. Edicta<br />
sunt praecepta magistratuum popûli Romani. 12. Salus rei<br />
publîcae nostrae suprema lex. 13. Fundamentum est<br />
iustitiae fides.14. Philosophia est scientia rerum humanarum<br />
et rerum naturae. 15. Usus-fructus est ius alienis<br />
rebus utendi fruendi salva rerum substantia. 16. Usus est<br />
unus legum corrector. 17. Status quo. 18. Casus belli.<br />
19. Consensus gentium. 20. Cursus curiae est lex curiae.<br />
21. De die claro. 22. De die in diem. 23. Dies Dominîcus<br />
non est iuridîcus. 24. Ex consensu. 25. Forma dat esse rei.<br />
26. Fortuîtos casus nullum humanum consilium providere<br />
potest. 27. Status in statu. 28. Iurisprudentia est divinarum<br />
atque humanarum rerum notitia; iusti atque iniusti scientia.<br />
Ñëîâíèê<br />
56<br />
1. tacîtus, a, um — ìîâ÷àçíèé, áåçìîâíèé; consensus, us m —<br />
çãîäà, óãîäà.<br />
2. manus, us f — ðóêà; lavo, avi, atum, are — ìèòè.<br />
3. litterae, arum f, pl — íàóêà; radix, îcis f — êîð³íü; amarus,<br />
a, um — ã³ðêèé; fructus, us m — ïë³ä; dulcis, e — ñîëîäêèé,<br />
ïðèºìíèé.<br />
4. actio, onis f — ïîçîâ; res, ei f — ð³÷, ñïðàâà; actio in rem —<br />
ðå÷îâèé ïîçîâ; actio in personam — çîáîâ’ÿçóâàëüíèé ïîçîâ.<br />
5. libertas, atis f — âîëÿ; inaestimabîlis, e — íåîö³íåííèé, áåçö³ííèé.<br />
6 difficîlis, e — ñêëàäíèé, âàæêèé.<br />
7. publîcus, a, um — ñóñï³ëüíèé; sic — òàê; liber, bri m — êíèãà.<br />
9. nullus, a, um — í³ÿêèé; sine (ç abl.) — áåç; linea, a f — ðÿäîê.<br />
10. descriptus, a, um — óïîðÿäêîâàíèé, îðãàí³çîâàíèé; tribus,<br />
us f — òðèáà; exercîtus, a, um — âèïðîáóâàíèé, íàâ÷åíèé;<br />
centuria, ae f — öåíòóð³ÿ (çàã³í ç 60–100 ñîëäàò).
11. edictum, i n — åäèêò (çàãàëüíå ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ);<br />
praeceptum, i n — ïðàâèëî, ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ; magistratus, us<br />
m — ìàã³ñòðàò, ïîñàäîâà îñîáà.<br />
12. salus, utis f — çäîðîâ’ÿ.<br />
13. fundamentum, i n — îñíîâà, ï³äñòàâà; fides, ei f — â³ðà,<br />
â³ðí³ñòü, ñóìë³íí³ñòü, äîâ³ðà.<br />
14. humanus, a, um — ëþäñüêèé; natura, ae f — ïðèðîäà.<br />
15. usus-fructus, us m — óçóôðóêò; alienus, a, um — ÷óæèé;<br />
utendi fruendi — ïðàâî êîðèñòóâàííÿ ÷óæîþ ð³÷÷þ òà ¿¿<br />
ïëîäàìè ç³ çáåðåæåííÿì ¿¿ ñóòíîñò³; salvus, a, um — ö³ëèé,<br />
íåïîøêîäæåíèé; substantia, ae f — ñóòí³ñòü.<br />
16. usus, us m — òóò: ïðàêòèêà; corrector, oris m — êîðåêòîð,<br />
íàñòàâíèê.<br />
17. status, us m — ñòàíîâèùå, ñòàí; status quo — ³ñíóþ÷å ñòàíîâèùå.<br />
20. cursus, us m — á³ã, íàïðÿìîê, êóðñ; òóò: ïðàêòèêà.<br />
23. dominîcus, i m — íåä³ëÿ; iuridîcus, a, um — ñóäîâèé, ïðèñóòí³é<br />
(éäåòüñÿ ïðî òå, ùî â íåä³ëþ ³ äí³ ðåë³ã³éíèõ ñâÿò<br />
ñóäî÷èíñòâî íå ìຠñèëè).<br />
25. do, dedi, datum, are — äàâàòè.<br />
26. fortuitus, a, um — âèïàäêîâèé; casus, us m — âèïàäîê, þð.<br />
âèïàäêîâà ä³ÿ; consilium, i n — ðàäà, òóò: ïåðåäáà÷ëèâ³ñòü;<br />
provideo, vidi, visum, ere — ïåðåäáà÷àòè, ïåðåêëàñòè â³äãîðîäèòè;<br />
possum, potui, –, posse — ìîãòè.<br />
27. status, us m — äåðæàâà.<br />
28. divinus, a, um — áîæåñòâåííèé; notitia, ae f — çíàííÿ;<br />
iustus, a, um — ñïðàâåäëèâèé; iniustus, a, um — íåñïðàâåäëèâèé,<br />
íåïðàâåäíèé.<br />
DE SERVIS ROMANORUM<br />
In civitate Romana magna erat multitudo servorum. In numêro<br />
servorum erant Graeci et barbâri captivi. Servorum officia varia<br />
erant: alii terram colebant, alii in agris latifundiorum laborabant, alii<br />
urbi et domi ministrabant. Multi servorum Graecorum erant docti,<br />
in numêro servorum scribae, medîci et magistri puerorum erant.<br />
Servi rustîci vitam molestam et misêram agebant. Domîni in eos<br />
vitae necisque potestatem habebant et omnia exempla suplicii<br />
edebant.<br />
Divîtes et nobîles Romani eos appellabant instrumenta vocalia et<br />
res mancipi, velut domus et boves. Servos hostium loco habebant.<br />
Unde proverbium: «Quot servi, tot hostes».<br />
57
servus, i m — ðàá;<br />
Romanus, a, um — ðèìñüêèé;<br />
magnus, a, um — âåëèêèé;<br />
multitudo, înis m — áåçë³÷;<br />
numêrus, i m — ÷èñëî;<br />
Graecus, i m — ãðåê;<br />
barbârus, a, um — ÷óæîçåìíèé;<br />
captivus, a, um — çàõîïëåíèé ó ïîëîí, â³éñüêîâîïîëîíåíèé;<br />
officium, i n — îáîâ’ÿçîê;<br />
varius, a, um — ð³çíèé, ð³çíîìàí³òíèé;<br />
alius, a, um — ³íøèé;<br />
colo, colui, cultum, êre — äîãëÿäàòè, îáðîáëÿòè;<br />
ager, gri m — ïîëå;<br />
latifundium, i n — ëàòèôóíä³ÿ, âåëèêå çåìëåâîëîä³ííÿ;<br />
laboro, avi, atum, are — ïðàöþâàòè;<br />
urbs, urbis f — ì³ñòî;<br />
domus, us f — áóäèíîê;<br />
ministro, avi,atum, are — ñëóæèòè;<br />
multus, a, um — ÷èñëåííèé;<br />
doctus, a, um — ó÷åíèé;<br />
scriba, ae m — ïåðåïèñóâà÷;<br />
medîcus, i m — ë³êàð;<br />
magister, tri m — ó÷èòåëü, íàñòàâíèê;<br />
puer, êri, m — õëîï÷èê, äèòèíà;<br />
rustîcus, a, um — ñ³ëüñüêèé;<br />
vita, ae f — æèòòÿ;<br />
molestus, a, um — âàæêèé, ãí³òþ÷èé;<br />
miser, sêra, sêrum — æàëþã³äíèé, íåùàñíèé;<br />
ago, egi, actum, agêre — âåñòè;<br />
domînus, i m — òóò: õàçÿ¿í;<br />
is, ea, id (eos — acc pl) — òîé, òà, òå, â³í, âîíà, âîíî;<br />
vitae necisque potestatem — ïðàâî æèòòÿ ³ ñìåðò³;<br />
habeo, habui, habîtum, ere — ìàòè;<br />
omnis, e — âåñü, óñÿêèé;<br />
exemplum, i n — ïðèêëàä, ïðåöåäåíò, çàñòåðåæåííÿ, ïîêàçîâå ïîêàðàííÿ;<br />
supplicium, i n — êàðà, ïîêàðàííÿ, ñòðàòà;<br />
edo, edi, esus, edêre — çä³éñíþâàòè;<br />
dives, divîtis — áàãàòèé;<br />
nobîlis, e — çíàòíèé;<br />
appello, avi, atum, are — íàçèâàòè;<br />
instrumentum, i n — ³íñòðóìåíò;<br />
vocalis, e — ùî ãîâîðèòü;<br />
res mancipi — ìàíöèïîâàíà ð³÷; ð³÷, ïåðåäà÷à ÿêî¿ ó âëàñí³ñòü â³äáóâàëàñÿ<br />
÷åðåç ñïåö³àëüíèé îáðÿä ìàíöèïàö³¿ (ïåðåäà÷à â ðóêè);<br />
velut — ÿê;<br />
58
os, bovis m, f — áèê, êîðîâà;<br />
hostis, is m — âîðîã;<br />
locus, i m — ì³ñöå;<br />
unde — çâ³äêè, çâ³äê³ëÿ;<br />
proverbium, i n — ïðèñë³â’ÿ;<br />
quot ... tot — ñê³ëüêè ... ñò³ëüêè.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Marcellus Ulpius<br />
Ìàðöåëë Óëüï³é (II ñò. í. å.).<br />
Ðàäíèê Àíòîí³íà ϳÿ (ðèìñüêèé ³ìïåðàòîð 138–161ðð.) ³ Ìàðêà<br />
Àâðåë³ÿ (ðèìñüêèé ³ìïåðàòîð 168–180ðð.), âèäàòíèé þðèñò,<br />
ïðîíèêëèâèé àíàë³òèê. Áóâ ïåðøèì, õòî êðèòèêóâàâ äåÿê³ ñóäæåííÿ<br />
Þë³àíà. Íà éîãî «Äèãåñòè» (31 êíèãà) òà ³íø³ òâîðè, ùî<br />
áóëè äóæå ïîïóëÿðí³, ïîñèëàëèñÿ Ïàâë, Óëüï³àí, Ìîäåñò³í,<br />
Ìàðö³àí, Òðèôîí³í. Êâ³íò Öåðâ³ä³é Ñöåâîëà ñêëàâ äî Äèãåñò<br />
Ìàðöåëëà êîìåíòàð³.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Digesta — íàçâà ÷èñëåííèõ ³ ð³çíèõ þðèäè÷íèõ òâîð³â, ó ÿêèõ<br />
ðîçãëÿäàëèñÿ ñêëàäí³ âèïàäêè öèâ³ëüíîãî ³ ïðåòîðñüêîãî ïðàâà.<br />
Edictum — ïóáë³÷íå îãîëîøåííÿ íàéð³çíîìàí³òí³øîãî çì³ñòó,<br />
ç ÿêèì magistratus maiores (ðåñïóáë³êàíñüê³ îðãàíè âèùî¿ âëàäè<br />
òà óïðàâë³ííÿ) íà îñíîâ³ ius edicendi (ïðàâî áóäü-ÿêîãî<br />
ìàã³ñòðàòà, ÿêèé ìຠâëàäó ðîáèòè ó ìåæàõ ñâ êîìïåòåíö³¿<br />
ïóáë³÷í³ îãîëîøåííÿ, ñïî÷àòêó óñí³, ïîò³ì ³ ïèñüìîâ³) çâåðòàëèñÿ<br />
äî âñüîãî íàñåëåííÿ. Çàëèøàëîñÿ ó ñèë³ äî ê³íöÿ ðîêó, ó ÿêîìó<br />
ìàã³ñòðàò çíàõîäèâñÿ ïðè âëàä³.<br />
Edictum praetorium, edictum praetoris urbani — ïðåòîðñüêèé<br />
åäèêò; ïóáë³êóâàâñÿ ïåðåä âñòóïîì íà ïîñàäó, ì³ñòèâ ïðîãðàìó<br />
ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ïðåòîðà íà âåñü éîãî ñëóæáîâèé òåðì³í (edictum<br />
perpetuum). Éîãî îñíîâó ñêëàäàëî âñå òå, ùî ïðåòîð ïåðåéíÿâ ó<br />
ñâîãî ïîïåðåäíèêà. Êð³ì öüîãî, êîæåí ïðåòîð ìàâ ïðàâî äîäàâàòè<br />
íîâ³ ïîëîæåííÿ; ó âèíÿòêîâèõ âèïàäêàõ, ÿêùî âèíèêàëè íåñïîä³âàí³<br />
òà íàñò³éí³ ïðèâîäè, ïðåòîð äîïîâíþâàâ ñâ³é åäèêò ³<br />
ïðîòÿãîì «ñâîãî» ðîêó.<br />
Consul — êîíñóë, ãëàâà Ðèìñüêî¿ ðåñïóáë³êè (ùîð³÷íî öåíòóð³àòíèìè<br />
êîì³ö³ÿìè îáèðàëèñÿ íà îäèí ð³ê äâà êîíñóëè — äî<br />
367 ð. äî í. å. ò³ëüêè ç ïàòðèö³¿â, à ïîò³ì òàêîæ ³ ç ïëåáå¿â).<br />
59
60<br />
ARS<br />
Äî âèòâîð³â ðåñïóáë³êàíñüêîãî<br />
ïåð³îäó íàëåæèòü áðîíçîâèé ïîðòðåò<br />
òàê çâàíîãî ïåðøîãî êîíñóëà<br />
ÁÐÓÒÀ II ñò. äî í. å. (Ðèì, ïàëàö<br />
êîíñåðâàòîð³â). Ñïðàâæíº ³ì’ÿ çîáðàæåíî¿<br />
ëþäèíè íåâ³äîìå, àëå ñòâîðåíèé<br />
îáðàç ñâ³ä÷èòü, ùî öå áóëà<br />
íåàáèÿêà îñîáèñò³ñòü, ÿêà, ìîæëèâî,<br />
â³ä³ãðàâàëà çíà÷íó ðîëü â ³ñòîð³¿<br />
Ðèìó.
LECTIO X (DECIMA)<br />
§ 27. PASSIVUM TEMPORUM SYSTEMATIS INFECTI<br />
ÏÀÑÈÂÍÈÉ ÑÒÀÍ ×ÀѲ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ ²ÍÔÅÊÒÀ<br />
ijºñëîâà â ïàñèâíîìó ñòàí³ â³äì³íþþòüñÿ òàê ñàìî, ÿê ³<br />
䳺ñëîâà â àêòèâíîìó ñòàí³.<br />
Óòâîðåííÿ passivum (ïàñèâíèé ñòàí) â³äð³çíÿºòüñÿ â³ä óòâîðåííÿ<br />
activum (àêòèâíèé ñòàí) ò³ëüêè îñîáîâèìè çàê³í÷åííÿìè.<br />
Îñîáîâ³ çàê³í÷åííÿ ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
1 -or(-r) -mur<br />
2 -ris -mni<br />
3 -tur -ntur<br />
Çàê³í÷åííÿ -r ó ïåðø³é îñîá³ îäíèíè ïðèºäíóºòüñÿ äî 䳺ñë³â<br />
òèõ ÷àñ³â, ó ÿêèõ â àêòèâíîìó ñòàí³ ïåðøà îñîáà îäíèíè ìຠçàê³í÷åííÿ<br />
-m.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñë³â ó ïàñèâíîìó ñòàí³ ÷àñ³â ñèñòåìè<br />
³íôåêòà:<br />
Praesens indicativi passivi<br />
<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
I <br />
condemnare<br />
<br />
1 condemnor<br />
,<br />
<br />
2 condemnaris<br />
3 condemnatur<br />
1 condemnamur<br />
,<br />
<br />
2 condemnamni<br />
3 condemnantur<br />
II <br />
docere<br />
<br />
doceor<br />
,<br />
<br />
doceris<br />
docetur<br />
docemur<br />
<br />
,<br />
<br />
docemni<br />
docentur<br />
III <br />
defendre<br />
<br />
defendor<br />
,<br />
<br />
defendris 1<br />
defendtur<br />
defendmur<br />
,<br />
<br />
defendimni<br />
defenduntur<br />
IV <br />
punire<br />
<br />
punior<br />
,<br />
<br />
puniris<br />
punitur<br />
punimur<br />
,<br />
<br />
punimni<br />
puniuntur<br />
1 Ó äðóã³é îñîá³ îäíèíè â³äáóâàºòüñÿ çì³íà ñïîëó÷íî¿ ãîëîñíî¿ -i- íà<br />
-e- ïåðåä çàê³í÷åííÿì -ris.<br />
61
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
62<br />
I <br />
condemnare<br />
<br />
1 condemnabar<br />
, <br />
<br />
2 condemnabaris<br />
3 condemnabatur<br />
1 condemnabamur<br />
,<br />
<br />
2 condemnabamni<br />
3 condemnabantur<br />
I <br />
condemnare<br />
<br />
1 condemnabor<br />
,<br />
<br />
<br />
Imperfectum indicativi passivi<br />
II <br />
docere<br />
<br />
docebar<br />
,<br />
<br />
docebaris<br />
docebatur<br />
docebamur<br />
,<br />
<br />
docebamni<br />
docebantur<br />
III <br />
defendre<br />
<br />
defendebar<br />
,<br />
<br />
defendebaris<br />
defendebatur<br />
defendebamur<br />
,<br />
<br />
defendebamni<br />
defendebantur<br />
Futurum I indicativi passivi<br />
II <br />
docere<br />
<br />
docebor<br />
<br />
,<br />
<br />
III <br />
defendre<br />
<br />
defendar<br />
<br />
,<br />
<br />
IV <br />
punire<br />
<br />
puniebar<br />
, <br />
<br />
puniebaris<br />
puniebatur<br />
pniebamur<br />
,<br />
<br />
puniebamni<br />
puniebantur<br />
IV <br />
punire<br />
<br />
puniar<br />
<br />
, <br />
<br />
2 condemnabris docebris defenderis punieris<br />
3 condemnabtur docebtur defendetur punietur<br />
1 condemnabmur docebmur defendemur puniemur<br />
<br />
<br />
, , , , <br />
<br />
2 condemnabimni docebimni defendemni puniemni<br />
3 condemnabuntur docebuntur defendentur punientur<br />
§ 28. INFINITIVUS PRAESENTIS PASSIVI<br />
ÍÅÎÇÍÀ×ÅÍÀ ÔÎÐÌÀ ÒÅÏÅвØÍÜÎÃÎ ×ÀÑÓ<br />
ÏÀÑÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Infinitivus praesentis passivi óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ<br />
äî îñíîâè ³íôåêòà çàê³í÷åííÿ -ri ó 䳺ñëîâàõ I, II, IV 䳺â³äì³íè,<br />
-³ ó 䳺ñëîâàõ III 䳺â³äì³íè, íàïðèêëàä:
Âïðàâè<br />
a Infinitivus<br />
praesentis activi<br />
I condemnare<br />
<br />
II docere<br />
<br />
III defendre<br />
<br />
IV punire<br />
<br />
Infinitivus praesentis<br />
passivi<br />
condemnari<br />
<br />
,<br />
<br />
doceri<br />
, <br />
,<br />
<br />
defendi<br />
, <br />
,<br />
<br />
puniri<br />
,<br />
<br />
I. Çà çðàçêîì ïåðåðîáèòè àêòèâí³ çâîðîòè â ïàñèâí³:<br />
Activum. Cicêro Catilinam accusat. — Öèöåðîí çâèíóâà-<br />
÷óº Êàò³ë³íó.<br />
Passivum. Catilina a Cicerone accusatur. — Êàò³ë³íà çâèíóâà÷óºòüñÿ<br />
Öèöåðîíîì.<br />
1. Romani hostes vincunt. — Ðèìëÿíè ïåðåìàãàþòü âîðîã³â.<br />
2. Advocatus reum defendit. — Àäâîêàò çàõèùຠï³äñóäíîãî.<br />
II. ³ä 䳺ñë³â óòâîð³òü infinitivus praesentis passivi ³ ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
veto, 1; deleo, 2; absolvo, 3; venio, 4.<br />
III. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Contra factum non datur argumentum. 2. Patria in<br />
pericûlis a viris defendi debet. 3. Ut salutas, ita salutabêris.<br />
4. Tertium non datur. 5. Nemo debet bis puniri pro uno<br />
delicto. 6. Si necessarium erit pro patria nostra pugnare, ad<br />
arma vocabîmur et nullum inimicum timebîmus. 7. Petronius<br />
a Romanis arbîter elegantiarum nominabatur.<br />
8. Servi pro nullis habentur. 9. Nunquam pericûlum sine<br />
pericûlo vincîtur. 10. Discipûli a magistris docebantur.<br />
11. De te fabûla narratur. 12. Clavus clavo pellîtur. 13. «Noli<br />
me tangêre!» — sic nonnullae plantae nominantur.<br />
14. Tempôra mutantur et nos mutamur. 15. Dormiunt<br />
quandoque leges, nunquam moriuntur. 16. Memento mori.<br />
63
Ñëîâíèê<br />
64<br />
17. Actio a praetore datur. 18. Numerantur sententiae, non<br />
ponderantur. 19. Fraus merîtur fraudem. 20. Fraus et dolus<br />
nemîni patrocinari debent. 21. Furiosus furore solo punitur.<br />
22. Imperitia pro culpa habetur. 23. Iudicium semper pro<br />
veritate accipîtur 24. Quod non legîtur, non credîtur.<br />
1. contra (ç acc.) — ïðîòè; datur — äèâ.: do; argumentum, i n<br />
— äîêàç.<br />
2. pericûlum (periclum), i n — íåáåçïåêà.<br />
3. ut … ita — ÿê … òàê.<br />
4. tertius, a, um — òðåò³é.<br />
5. nemo — í³õòî; bis — äâ³÷³; unus, a, um — îäèí.<br />
6. necessarius, a, um — íåîáõ³äíèé, çìóøåíèé; erit — äèâ.: sum,<br />
fui, esse; pugno, avi, atum, are — áîðîòèñÿ; voco, avi, atum,<br />
are — çâàòè; inimîcus, i m — âîðîã, ñóïðîòèâíèê; timeo,<br />
mui, –, ere — áîÿòèñÿ.<br />
7. Petronius, i m — Ïåòðîí³é, Petronius Arbîter — ñóääÿ Ïåòðîí³é,<br />
íàáëèæåíèé Íåðîíà, ïîìåð ó 66 ð. í. å.; Romanus, i<br />
m — ðèìëÿíèí; elegantia, ae f — êðàñíîìîâñòâî.<br />
9. nunquam — í³êîëè.<br />
10. discipûlus, i m — ó÷åíü.<br />
11. fabûla, ae f — ïîãîëîñêà, êàçêà, áàéêà; narro, avi, atum,<br />
are — ãîâîðèòè, îïîâ³äàòè.<br />
12. clavis, is f — êëþ÷; clavus, i m — öâÿõ; pello, pepuli, pulsum,<br />
êre — áèòè, âèãàíÿòè (â³äïîâ³ä. — êëèí êëèíîì âèáèâàºòüñÿ).<br />
13. noli — imperativus praesentis â³ä 䳺ñëîâà nolo, nolui, –,<br />
nolle; nonnulus, a, um — ÿêèéñü; planta, ae f — ðîñëèíà.<br />
14. muto, avi, atum, are — çì³íþâàòè.<br />
15. dormio, ivi, itum, ire — ñïàòè; quandoque — ³íîä³;<br />
nunquam — í³êîëè.<br />
16. memîni, meminisse — ïàì’ÿòàòè (memento — imperativus<br />
singularis); morior, mortuus sum, mori — óìèðàòè.<br />
18. numêro, avi, atum, are — ââàæàòè; sententia, ae f — ñóäæåííÿ,<br />
ð³øåííÿ; pondêro, avi, atum, are — çâàæóâàòè, ñóäèòè,<br />
ðîçãëÿäàòè.<br />
19. fraus, fraudis f — îáìàí, íåïðàâäà; mereo, rui, rîtum, ere —<br />
çàñëóãîâóâàòè, òóò: ïîðîäæóâàòè.<br />
20. dolus, i m — òóò: íåïðàâäà; patrocînor, atus sum, ari — çàõèùàòè.<br />
21. furiosus, a, um — íåñàìîâèòèé; furor, oris m — áîæåâ³ëëÿ<br />
(çì³ñò âèðàçó: ÷åðåç ñâîº áîæåâ³ëëÿ íå ï³äëÿãຠïîêàðàííþ).<br />
22. imperitia, ae f — íåçíàííÿ.<br />
23. iudicium, i, n — ñóäîâå ð³øåííÿ; verîtas, atis, f — ³ñòèíà,<br />
ïðàâäèâ³ñòü, ñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü; accipio, cepi, ceptum, êre —<br />
ïðèéìàòè, ââàæàòè, ðîçóì³òè.
24. lego, lexi, lectum, êre — ÷èòàòè; credo, credîdi, credîtum,<br />
êre — â³ðèòè.<br />
RES MANCIPI ET NEC MANCIPI<br />
Omnes res aut mancipi sunt aut nec mancipi. Mancipi res sunt<br />
omnia praedia in Italîco solo, tam rustîca — qualis est fundus, quam<br />
urbana — qualis est domus, item iura praediorum rusticorum (servitutes),<br />
velut via, iter, actus, aquaeductus, item servi et quadrupêdes,<br />
velut boves, muli, equi, asîni. Cetêrae res nec mancipi sunt (Ulp.).<br />
Magna autem differentia est rerum mancipi et nec mancipi. Nam<br />
res nec mancipi ipsa traditione pleno iure alterius fiunt, si corporales<br />
sunt et ob id recipiunt traditionem. Itâque si tibi vestem vel aurum vel<br />
argentum trado sive ex venditionis causa sive ex donationis sive alia<br />
ex causa, statim tua fit ea res (Gai.).<br />
omnis, e — âåñü;<br />
aut — àáî;<br />
praedium, i n — ìàºòîê, âîëîä³ííÿ;<br />
solum, i n — ґðóíò, çåìëÿ;<br />
tam ... quam — ÿê ... òàê;<br />
rustîca, urbana — óçãîäæåíî ç³ ñëîâîì praedia;<br />
fundus, i, m — çåìëÿ, ä³ëÿíêà;<br />
qualis, e — ÿêèé, ÿêèéñü;<br />
item — òàêîæ;<br />
velut — ÿê, íàïðèêëàä;<br />
bos, bovis m, f — áèê, êîðîâà;<br />
ipse, ipsa, ipsum — ñàì, ñàìà, ñàìå;<br />
nam — òîìó ùî; àäæå, áî;<br />
traditio, onis f — ïåðåäà÷à;<br />
ipsa traditione — abl. causae1 ;<br />
plenus, a,um — ïîâíèé;<br />
pleno iure — abl. modi;<br />
alterius — gen. possessivus;<br />
fio, factum sum, fiêri — ðîáèòèñÿ, ñòàâàòè, âèíèêàòè, â³äáóâàòèñÿ;<br />
modus, i m — îáðàç, ñïîñ³á, ì³ðà;<br />
corporalis, e — ìàòåð³àëüíèé, ò³ëåñíèé;<br />
ob (ç acc.) — ïåðåä, âíàñë³äîê, â îáì³í íà, ó ðåçóëüòàò³;<br />
is, ea, id — òîé, â³í;<br />
recipio, cepi, ceptum, êre — çíîâó çíàõîäèòè; ïðèéìàòè;<br />
itâque — îòæå, ó òàêèé ñïîñ³á;<br />
vestis, is f — îäÿã, ïëàòòÿ; sive — àáî, äîð³âíþº ÿêùî;<br />
ex (ç abl.) — ç, íà ï³äñòàâ³, â³ä;<br />
donatio, onis f — ïîäàðóíîê;<br />
statim — íåãàéíî.<br />
1 Äèâ.: Äîïîìîæí³ ãðàìàòè÷íè ìàòåð³àëè: I. Îñíîâí³ ôóíêö³¿ ëàòèíñüêèõ<br />
â³äì³íê³â.<br />
65
66<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Iulianus L Octavius Cornelius Aemilianus<br />
Þë³àí Ëóö³é Îêòàâ³é Êîðíåë³é Åì³ë³àí (áëèçüêî 100 ð. í. å.–?)<br />
Þë³àí áóâ îäíèì ç íàéâèäàòí³øèõ þðèñò³â çà âñþ ³ñòîð³þ<br />
ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà. Íàðîäèâñÿ ó ϳâí³÷í³é Àôðèö³ â Ãàäðóìåò³.<br />
Éîãî â÷èòåëåì áóâ ßâîëåí Ïðèñê, ï³ñëÿ ÿêîãî â³í ñòàâ îñòàíí³ì<br />
ãîëîâîþ øêîëè ñàá³í³àíö³â. Þë³àí îá³éìàâ âèñîê³ äåðæàâí³ ïîñàäè:<br />
íàì³ñíèê ó ͳìå÷÷èí³, ²ñïàí³¿ é Àôðèö³, ó 148 ð. êîíñóë,<br />
ðàäíèê ³ìïåðàòîð³â Àäð³àíà, Àíòîí³ÿ ϳÿ, Ìàðêà Àâðåë³ÿ ³ Ëóö³ÿ<br />
³ðà.<br />
Þë³àí ìàâ âèíÿòêîâ³ çä³áíîñò³ òà çíàííÿ â ãàëóç³ ïðàâà, àâòîðèòåò<br />
³ îñîáëèâó äîâ³ðó Àäð³àíà, çà äîðó÷åííÿì ÿêîãî ðîçðîáèâ<br />
Edictum perpetuum (åäèêò, êîòðèé ì³ñòèâ ïðîãðàìó ïðåòîðà<br />
íà âåñü éîãî ñëóæáîâèé òåðì³í), äå ñèñòåìàòèçóâàëèñÿ é óí³ô³êóâàëèñÿ<br />
ïîëîæåííÿ ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà.<br />
Ãîëîâíèé éîãî òâ³ð Digesta ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç 90 êíèã. Öå íàéçíà÷í³øèé<br />
òâ³ð êëàñè÷íîãî ïðàâîçíàâñòâà, ùî ì³ñòèòü éîãî<br />
Responsa óñ³õ âèä³â ³ ç óñ³õ ãàëóçåé ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà. Îñîáëèâà<br />
óâàãà ïðèä³ëÿºòüñÿ ïðåòîðñüêîìó ïðàâó.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Magistratus — ïîñàäà, ïîñàäîâà îñîáà.<br />
Magistratus popûli Romani — ðåñïóáë³êàíñüê³ îðãàíè âèùî¿<br />
äåðæàâíî¿ âëàäè ³ óïðàâë³ííÿ, ùî ïîðÿä ç íàðîäíèìè çáîðàìè<br />
áóëè îñíîâàìè äåðæàâè.<br />
Magistratus maiores — âèù³ ïîñàäîâ³ îñîáè, äî íèõ íàëåæàëè:<br />
quaestores — êâåñòîðè, ÿê³ â³äïîâ³äàëè çà äåðæàâíó ñêàðáíèöþ<br />
³ çàéìàëèñÿ ô³íàíñîâèìè ñïðàâàìè;<br />
aediles — åäèëè, ÿê³ ñòåæèëè çà ïîðÿäêîì ³ áåçïåêîþ â ì³ñò³,<br />
à òàêîæ äîãëÿäàëè çà áóä³âíèöòâîì ³ ñàí³òàðíèì ñòàíîì ì³ñòà;<br />
aedilis curulis — êóðóëüíèé åäèë, ïîñàäîâà îñîáà, ùî ìàëà<br />
ïðàâî ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ (ius edicendi), â³äàëà ïîñòà÷àííÿì ì³ñòà é<br />
àð쳿 ïðîäîâîëüñòâîì, íàãëÿäàëà çà ãðîìàäñüêèì ïîðÿäêîì ó<br />
ì³ñò³, ó òîìó ÷èñë³ çà ïðîâåäåííÿì âèäîâèùíèõ çàõîä³â; òàêîæ â<br />
îáîâ’ÿçîê êóðóëüíèõ åäèë³â âõîäèâ êîíòðîëü çà ïðîòèïîæåæíîþ<br />
áåçïåêîþ ì³ñüêèõ áóä³âåëü ³ çà ñòàíîì äîð³ã;<br />
tribuni plebis — íàðîäí³ òðèáóíè, ïðåäñòàâëÿëè ³íòåðåñè<br />
ïëåáå¿â;
praetor — ïðåòîð, ñóäîâèé ÷èíîâíèê, ïåðâ³ñíèé òèòóë ðèìñüêèõ<br />
êîíñóë³â ³ äèêòàòîð³â;<br />
dictator — â ³ñòîðè÷í³ ÷àñè åêñòðàîðäèíàðíèé ìàã³ñòðàò, ÿêîãî<br />
çà çãîäîþ ³ç ñåíàòîì ïðèçíà÷àâ íà òåðì³í íå á³ëüøå øåñòè<br />
ì³ñÿö³â êîíñóë àáî êîíñóëÿðíèé òðèáóí (â³éñüêîâèé òðèáóí ç êîíñóëüñüêîþ<br />
âëàäîþ) ó ðàç³ íàéá³ëüøî¿ íåáåçïåêè äëÿ äåðæàâè ÿê<br />
çîâí³øíüî¿, òàê ³ âíóòð³øíüî¿.<br />
ARS<br />
Ïðîöåñ³ÿ. Ðåëüºô ³âòàðÿ<br />
Ìèðó. 13–9 ðð. äî<br />
í. å. ³âòàð Ìèðó áóâ ñïîðóäæåíèé<br />
íà ÷åñòü Àâãóñòà<br />
ÿê ìèðîòâîðöÿ íà Ìàðñîâîìó<br />
ïîë³.<br />
67
LECTIO XI (UNDECIMA)<br />
§ 29. TEMPORA SYSTEMATIS PERFECTI<br />
×ÀÑÈ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ ÏÅÐÔÅÊÒÀ<br />
Ñèñòåìó ïåðôåêòà ñêëàäàþòü òðè ÷àñîâ³ ôîðìè:<br />
perfectum — ìèíóëèé äîêîíàíîãî âèäó;<br />
plusquamperfectum — äàâíîìèíóëèé äîêîíàíîãî âèäó;<br />
futurum II (secundum) — ìàéáóòí³é äðóãèé äîêîíàíîãî<br />
âèäó (âæèâàºòüñÿ ïåðåâàæíî ó ï³äðÿäíèõ ðå÷åííÿõ, êîëè ä³ÿ áóäå<br />
â³äáóâàòèñÿ ðàí³øå ³íøî¿ ìàéáóòíüî¿ ä³¿, âèðàæåíî¿ ó ãîëîâíîìó<br />
ðå÷åíí³, òîáòî futurum I).<br />
Àêòèâíèé ñòàí öèõ ÷àñ³â 䳺ñëîâà óòâîðþºòüñÿ â³ä îñíîâè<br />
ïåðôåêòà (äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ îñíîâè ïåðôåêòà íåîáõ³äíî â³ä äðóãî¿<br />
ñëîâíèêîâî¿ ôîðìè 䳺ñëîâà â³äêèíóòè çàê³í÷åííÿ -i). Íàïðèêëàä:<br />
accusav-i — ÿ çâèíóâàòèâ; respond-i — ÿ â³äïîâ³â; scrips-i — ÿ<br />
íàïèñàâ; audiv-i — ÿ ïî÷óâ.<br />
§ 30. PERFECTUM INDICATIVI ACTIVI<br />
ÌÈÍÓËÈÉ ×ÀÑ ÄÎÊÎÍÀÍÎÃÎ ÂÈÄÓ Ä²ÉÑÍÎÃÎ<br />
ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Perfectum indicativi activi óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ<br />
äî îñíîâè ïåðôåêòà îñîáîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü:<br />
68<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
1 - -mus<br />
2 -isti -istis<br />
3 -it -erunt<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñë³â ó perfectum indicativi activi:<br />
<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
I <br />
condemnare<br />
<br />
1 condemnavi<br />
<br />
2 condemnavisti<br />
3 condemnavit<br />
1 condemnavmus<br />
<br />
2 condemnavistis<br />
3 condemnaverunt<br />
II <br />
docere<br />
<br />
docui<br />
<br />
docuisti<br />
docuit<br />
documus<br />
<br />
docuistis<br />
docuerunt<br />
III <br />
defendre<br />
<br />
defendi<br />
<br />
defendisti<br />
defendit<br />
defendmus<br />
<br />
defendistis<br />
defenderunt<br />
IV <br />
punire<br />
<br />
punivi<br />
<br />
punivisti<br />
punivit<br />
punivmus<br />
<br />
punivistis<br />
puniverunt
§ 31. PLUSQUAMPERFECTUM<br />
INDICATIVI ACTIVI<br />
ÄÀÂÍÎÌÈÍÓËÈÉ ×ÀÑ Ä²ÉÑÍÎÃÎ ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ<br />
ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Plusquamperfectum indicativi activi oçíà÷ຠä³þ, ùî â³äáóëàñÿ<br />
ðàí³øå ³íøî¿ ä³¿ â ìèíóëîìó. Âæèâàºòüñÿ â îñíîâíîìó â<br />
ï³äðÿäíèõ ðå÷åííÿõ. Óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ äî îñíîâè<br />
ïåðôåêòà ñóô³êñà -êra- ³ îñîáîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó<br />
(âèíÿòîê: ïåðøà îñîáà îäíèíè ìຠçàê³í÷åííÿ -m): äëÿ singularis<br />
— -m, -s, -t; äëÿ pluralis — -mus, -tis, -nt.<br />
<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñë³â ó plusquamperfectum indicativi activi:<br />
I <br />
condemnare<br />
<br />
1 condemnavram<br />
<br />
2 condemnavras<br />
3 condemnavrat<br />
1 condemnaveramus<br />
<br />
2 condemnaveratis<br />
3 condemnavrant<br />
II <br />
docere<br />
<br />
docuram<br />
<br />
<br />
docuras<br />
docurat<br />
docueramus<br />
<br />
<br />
docueratis<br />
docurant<br />
III <br />
defendre<br />
<br />
defendram<br />
<br />
<br />
defendras<br />
defendrat<br />
defenderamus<br />
<br />
<br />
defenderatis<br />
defendrant<br />
§ 32. FUTURUM II (SECUNDUM)<br />
INDICATIVI ACTIVI<br />
ÌÀÉÁÓÒÍ²É ×ÀÑ ÄÎÊÎÍÀÍÎÃÎ<br />
ÂÈÄÓ Ä²ÉÑÍÎÃÎ ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ<br />
ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
IV <br />
punire<br />
<br />
punivram<br />
<br />
<br />
punivras<br />
punivrat<br />
puniveramus<br />
<br />
<br />
puniveratis<br />
punivrant<br />
Futurum II îçíà÷ຠä³þ, ùî â³äáóäåòüñÿ â ìàéáóòíüîìó ðàí³øå<br />
çà ³íøó, âèðàæåíó futurum I. Âæèâàºòüñÿ â îñíîâíîìó â ï³äðÿäíèõ<br />
ðå÷åííÿõ. Óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ äî îñíîâè<br />
ïåðôåêòà ñóô³êñà -er- äëÿ ïåðøî¿ îñîáè îäíèíè, -êrî- — äëÿ ³íøèõ<br />
îñ³á ³ îñîáîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó: äëÿ singularis — -o, -<br />
s, -t; äëÿ pluralis — -mus, -tis, -nt.<br />
69
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
70<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñë³â ó Futurum II indicativi activi:<br />
I <br />
condemnare<br />
<br />
1 condemnavro<br />
<br />
2 condemnavris<br />
3 condemnavrit<br />
1 condemnavermus<br />
<br />
2 condemnavertis<br />
3 condemnavrint<br />
<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
1 fui<br />
<br />
2 fuisti<br />
3 fuit<br />
II <br />
docere<br />
<br />
docuro<br />
<br />
<br />
docuris<br />
docurit<br />
docuermus<br />
<br />
<br />
docuertis<br />
docurint<br />
III <br />
defendre<br />
<br />
defendro<br />
<br />
defendris<br />
defendrit<br />
defendermus<br />
<br />
<br />
defendertis<br />
defendrint<br />
³äì³íþâàííÿ íåïðàâèëüíîãî 䳺ñëîâà esse<br />
ó ÷àñàõ ñèñòåìè ïåðôåêòà<br />
1 fumus<br />
<br />
2 fuistis<br />
3 fuerunt<br />
IV <br />
punire<br />
<br />
punivro<br />
<br />
<br />
punivris<br />
punivrit<br />
punivermus<br />
<br />
<br />
punivertis<br />
punivrint<br />
Perfectum Plusquamperfectum futurum II<br />
furam<br />
<br />
furas<br />
furat<br />
fueramus<br />
<br />
fueratis<br />
furant<br />
furo<br />
<br />
furis<br />
furit<br />
fuermus<br />
<br />
<br />
fuertis<br />
furint<br />
I. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå â perfectum indicativi activi 䳺ñëîâî vinco; ó<br />
plusquamperfectum indicativi activi 䳺ñëîâî habeo; ó futurum II<br />
indicativi activi 䳺ñëîâî scio.<br />
II. Âèçíà÷òå 䳺ñë³âí³ ôîðìè:<br />
expugnabîtis — expugnaverîtis; eris — fuêris; audio — audivi.
III. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Dixi et anîmam levavi. 2. Caesar, postquam a Pharnâce,<br />
rege Pontîco, victoriam reportavit, ad amicum suum<br />
scripsit: «Veni, vidi, vici.» 3. Feci, quod potui. 4. Philippus,<br />
Macedônum rex, Lacaedemoniis scripsit: «Si in Laconîcam<br />
venêro, finîbus vos exturbabo.»Lacaedemonii rescripserunt:<br />
«Si.» 5. Tarquinius Superbus fuit ultîmus rex Romanorum.<br />
6. Fuit Troia, fuîmus Troiani. 7. Exegi monumentum. 8. Ut<br />
sementåm fecêris, ita metes. 9. Promisisti ad me venire, sed<br />
non venisti. 10. Senatores Romani Ciceronem patrem<br />
patriae nominaverunt. 11. Gallina scripsit. 12. Si vis amari,<br />
ama. 13. Donec eris felix, multos numerabis amicos:<br />
tempôra si fuerint nubîla, solus eris! 14. Graecii loco, quo<br />
hostem superavêrant, tropaea statuebant. 15. Non credam,<br />
nisi vidêro. 16. Urbem Romam a principio reges habuerunt.<br />
17. Romani Gallos, qui in Italiam irrupêrant, ceciderunt.<br />
18. Si quaesivêris, invenies. 19. Bias, unus e septem sapientîbus,<br />
dixit: «Omnia mea mecum porto.» 20. Cum finitis<br />
fuêrit ususfructus, revertîtur ad proprietatem. 21. Levis est<br />
fortuna: cito reposcit quod dedit (Publ. Syr.). 22. Romûlus<br />
et Numa Pompilius binos quaestores haberunt (Ulp.).<br />
Ñëîâíèê<br />
1. anîma, ae f — äóøà; levo, avi, atum, are — ïîëåãøóâàòè.<br />
2. rex, regis m — öàð; Pharnâces, is m — Ôàðíàê, ïîíòèéñüêèé<br />
öàð (63–47 ðð. äî í. å.); pontî cus, a, um — ïîíò³éñüêèé;<br />
victoriam reportare (a (ab (ex, de) ç abl.) — çäîáóâàòè ïåðåìîãó<br />
(íàä).<br />
3. facio, feci, factum, êre — ðîáèòè; possum, potui, –, posse —<br />
ìîãòè.<br />
4. Macêdo, ônis m — ìàêåäîíÿíèí (ìàêåäîíÿíè íàñåëÿëè êðà¿íó<br />
Ìàêåäîíèÿ (Macedonia, ae f), ðîçòàøîâàíó ì³æ Åï³ðîì ³<br />
Ôðà곺þ, â³ä Îë³ìïó äî ð³êè Ñòðèìîíà); Lacedaemonius, i m<br />
— ñïàðòàíåöü; Laconîca, ae f = Laconia,ae f — Ëàêîí³ÿ (ñòîëèöÿ<br />
Ëàêîí³¿ — Ñïàðòà (Sparta, ae f); exturbo, avi, atum,<br />
are — âèãàíÿòè, âèãîíèòè; rescribo, scripsi, scriptum, êre —<br />
ïèñàòè â³äïîâ³äü.<br />
5. superbus, a, um — ãîðäîâèòèé, ãîðäèé, ãð³çíèé.<br />
7. exîgo, exegi, actum, êre — óñòàíîâëþâàòè.<br />
8. sementis, is f — ñ³ÿííÿ, ñ³âáà, ïîñ³â.<br />
9. promitto, misi, missum, êre — îá³öÿòè.<br />
12. vis äðóãà îñîáà sing. praes. ind. act. â³ä volo, volui, –, velle —<br />
õîò³òè.<br />
71
72<br />
13. donec — ïîêè, ïîêè íå; nubilus, a, um — ñóìíèé, íåÿñíèé,<br />
íåñïðèÿòëèâèé.<br />
14. supêro, avi, atum, are — ïåðåìàãàòè; tropaeum, i n (ãðåö.) —<br />
ïàì’ÿòíèê ïåðåìîãè;<br />
statuo, tui, tutum, êre — ñïîðóäæóâàòè, óñòàíîâëþâàòè.<br />
16. a principio — ñïî÷àòêó.<br />
17. irrumpo, irrupi, ruptum, êre — ïðîíèêàòè, óðèâàòèñÿ;<br />
ceciderunt â³ä cado, cecîdi, casurum, êre — ïàäàòè, çàãèíóòè.<br />
18. quaero, quaesivi, quaesitum, êre — øóêàòè; invenio, veni,<br />
ventum, ire — çíàõîäèòè.<br />
20. finitus, a, um â³ä finio, ivi,itum, ire — ê³í÷àòè, çàâåðøóâàòè;<br />
revertor, versus sum, verti — ïîâåðòàòèñÿ; propriêtas,<br />
atis f — âëàñí³ñòü.<br />
21. levis, e — â³òðÿíèé, íåïîñò³éíèé, ïðèìõëèâèé; reposco, –, –,<br />
êre — âèìàãàòè íàçàä; dedit — äèâ. do<br />
22. Romûlus, i m — Ðîìóë (ëåãåíäàðíèé çàñíîâíèê Ðèìà);<br />
Numa Pompilius — Íóìà Ïîìï³ë³é (çà ïåðåêàçîì, äðóãèé,<br />
çà Ðîìóëîì, öàð Ðèìà, çàñíîâíèê áàãàòüîõ çàêîí³â ³ ðåë³ã-<br />
³éíèõ óñòàíîâëåíü, ùî ðîçä³ëèâ ì³ñòà íà òðèáè); bini, ae,<br />
a — ïî äâà.<br />
MANCIPATIO<br />
1. Mancipatio est imaginaria quaedam venditio, quod ad ipsum<br />
ius proprium civium Romanorum est. Eaque res ita agîtur: coram non<br />
minus quam quinque testîbus civîbus Romanis puberîbus et praeterea<br />
alio eiusdem conditionis qui libram aeneam teneat, qui appellatur<br />
librîpens, is qui mancipio accîpit, aes tenet et ita dicit: Hunc ego<br />
homîîîîînem iure Quiritium meum esse aio 1 , is que mihi emptus esto<br />
hoc aere aeneaque libra. Deinde aere percûtit, libram idque aes dat<br />
ei, a quo mancipium accîpit, quasi pretii loco (Gai.).<br />
2. Ideo autem aes et libra adhibetur, quia olim aereis tantum<br />
nummis utebantur, nec ullus aureus vel argenteus in usu erat, sicut ex<br />
lege Duodêcim tabularum intellegêre possumus. Eorumque nummorum<br />
vis et potestas non in numêro erat, sed in pondêre (Gai.).<br />
3. Mancipatio locum habet inter cives Romanos eosque peregrinos,<br />
quibus commercium datum est (Ulp.).<br />
imaginarius, a, um — ô³êòèâíèé, ñèìâîë³÷íèé;<br />
quidam, quaedam, quoddam — äåÿêèé, ÿêèéñü;<br />
venditio, onis f — ïðîäàæ;<br />
venditio imaginaria = mancipatio;<br />
[mancipatio manus + capio, capêre];<br />
1 Êóðñèâîì ïîçíà÷åíî ³íô³í³òèâíèé çâîðîò Accusativus cum infinitivo<br />
ñì.:§ 56
is, ea, id — òîé;<br />
ita — òàê, ó òàêèé ñïîñ³á;<br />
que — ³; ago, egi, actum, agêre — ðîáèòè, ä³ÿòè, óêëàäàòè óãîäó;<br />
pubes, pubêris — ïîâíîë³òí³é, çð³ëèé;<br />
coram — îñîáèñòî, íà î÷àõ â óñ³õ;<br />
praeterea — êð³ì òîãî;<br />
ullus, a, um — ÿêèé-íåáóäü;<br />
eius Gen. sing. äî is, ea, id;<br />
dem äèâ.: do;<br />
condiñio, onis f — ó<strong>ìîâà</strong>;<br />
aereus, a, um — ì³äíèé;<br />
accipio, cepi, ceptum, êre — ïðèéìàòè, îäåðæóâàòè;<br />
deinde — ïîò³ì;<br />
aes, aeris n — ì³äü;<br />
percutio, cussi, cussum, êre — áèòè, óäàðÿòè;<br />
libra, ae f — âàãè;<br />
ei Dat. sing. äî is, ea, id;<br />
pretium, i n — ö³íà, âàðò³ñòü;<br />
ideo — òîìó ùî;<br />
adhibeo, hibui, hibîtum, ere — çàñòîñîâóâàòè;<br />
quia — òàê, ÿê;<br />
olim — êîëèñü;<br />
nummus, i m —ìîíåòà;<br />
utor, usus sum, êre — êîðèñòóâàòèñÿ;<br />
ullus, a, um — ÿêèéñü;<br />
intellêgo, lexi, lectum, êre — ðîçóì³òè, âèçíàâàòè;<br />
eorum — Gen.pl. äî is, ea, id;<br />
vis f — ñèëà;<br />
potestas, atis f — âëàäà, ìîãóòí³ñòü;<br />
pondêro, avi, atum, are — çâàæóâàòè;<br />
eos — Acc. pl. äî is, ea, id;<br />
quibus —Abl. pl. äî qui, quae, quod;<br />
datum äèâ.: do<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Modestinus Herennius<br />
Ìîäåñò³í Ãåðåíí³é (òî÷í³ äàòè íàðîäæåííÿ ³ ñìåðò³ íåâ³äîì³)<br />
Ó÷åíü Óëüï³àíà Ìîäåñò³í áóâ îñòàíí³ì ïðåäñòàâíèêîì øêîëè<br />
êëàñè÷íîãî ïðàâà. Ìîæëèâî, ãðåê çà ïîõîäæåííÿì. Ó 226–<br />
244 ðð. îá³éìàâ ó Ðèì³ ïîñàäó ïðåôåêòà ïîæåæíî¿ êîìàíäè<br />
(praefectus vigîlum). ϳñëÿ ïðåôåêòà ãâàð䳿 öÿ ïîñàäà áóëà äðóãîþ<br />
çà çíà÷åííÿì. Vigîles — öå ïîæåæíà êîìàíäà, ó í³÷íèé ÷àñ<br />
çä³éñíþâàëà òàêîæ ïîë³öåéñüê³ ôóíêö³¿. Ó 426 ð. Ìîäåñò³í (ðà-<br />
73
çîì ç Ïàï³í³àíîì, Ïàâëîì, Óëüï³àíîì ³ Ãàºì) çàêîíîì áóâ<br />
âêëþ÷åíèé äî ÷èñëà àâòîð³â, íà òâîðè ÿêèõ äîçâîëÿëîñÿ ïîñèëàòèñÿ<br />
â ñóä³. Éîãî ïðàö³, ùî îõîïëþþòü âñ³ ãàëóç³ ïðàâà, â îñíîâíîìó<br />
áóëè ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ç íàâ÷àííÿì ³ þðèäè÷íîþ ïðàêòèêîþ:<br />
Pandectaå, Regûlae, Responsa, ìîíîãðàô³¿ De excusationîbus (Ïðî<br />
âèïðàâäîâóâàííÿ — ºäèíèé òâ³ð ðèìñüêèõ êëàñè÷íèõ þðèñò³â,<br />
íàïèñàíèé ãðåöüêîþ ìîâîþ), De praescriptionîbus (Ïðî ïðèïèñè)<br />
òà ³íø³.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Plebs (íåäèôåðåíö³éîâàíà áåçë³÷ ëþäåé) — íàðîä, þðáà, ïëåáå¿<br />
(plebei), ï³çí³øå íàçâà ñîö³àëüíîãî ïðîøàðêó, ùî âèíèê ó ðåçóëüòàò³<br />
âíóòð³øíüî¿ äèôåðåíö³àö³¿ ùå çà ÷àñ³â äîðèìñüêîãî ðîäîâîãî<br />
ëàäó é ó ðèìñüêîãî ñóñï³ëüñòâà. Éîãî àíòèïîäîì áóëè<br />
patricii.<br />
Pleb³scitum — ïîñòàíîâà ïëåáåéñüêèõ çáîð³â (consilium<br />
plebis), ùî áåçïîñåðåäíüî çîáîâ’ÿçóâàëà ò³ëüêè ïëåáå¿â; îäíàê<br />
âîíè ìîãëè äîìàãàòèñÿ ðåàë³çàö³¿ ïëåá³ñöèòó íåïðÿìî. Çðîñòàííÿ<br />
ïîë³òè÷íî¿ âàãè ïëåáå¿â âåëî äî ïðàãíåííÿ øèðøå çàñòîñîâóâàòè<br />
ïëåá³ñöèò. Ó 287 ð. äî í. å. pleb³scitum íàáóëè ñèëè çàêîíó,<br />
ï³ñëÿ ÷îãî ¿õ ïîâèíåí áóâ äîòðèìóâàòèñÿ êîæåí ãðîìàäÿíèí — ³<br />
ïëåáåé, ³ ïàòðèö³é. Á³ëüøå òîãî, ç 250 ð. äî í. å. pleb³scitum ñòàëè<br />
îñíîâíîþ ôîðìîþ ðèìñüêîãî çàêîíîäàâñòâà.<br />
Patricii — ïàòðèö³¿, ï³çí³øå íàçâà äëÿ ñòàíó, ÿêèé ùå â äîðèìñüêîìó<br />
ðîäîâîìó ëàä³ ï³äíÿâñÿ íàä éîãî ðÿäîâèìè ÷ëåíàìè<br />
(plebs) ³ ïðèâëàñíèâ ñîá³ ð³çí³ ïðèâ³ëå¿, íàñàìïåðåä ïðîâ³äí³ ïîë³òè÷í³<br />
ïîçèö³¿.<br />
74<br />
ARS<br />
Ïîðòðåò ˳⳿ — äðóæèíè Àâãóñòà.<br />
I ñò. í. å. (Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã,<br />
Åðì³òàæ).
LECTIO XII (DUODECIMA)<br />
§ 33. SUPINUM<br />
ÑÓϲÍ<br />
Ñóï³í — öå â³ä䳺ñë³âíèé ³ìåííèê ç³ çíà÷åííÿì ìåòè, ÿêèé ìàº<br />
çàê³í÷åííÿ –um. Ñàìîñò³éíî âæèâàºòüñÿ ð³äêî. Ñëóæèòü äëÿ óòâîðåííÿ<br />
䳺ñë³âíèõ ôîðì (participium perfecti passivi, participium<br />
futuri activi, infinitivus futuri activi ³ passivi, àíàë³òè÷í³ ôîðìè ñèñòåìè<br />
ïåðôåêòà ïàñèâó), íàïðèêëàä: accusatum — ùîá çâèíóâàòèòè,<br />
scriptum — ùîá íàïèñàòè, dictum — ùîá ñêàçàòè, visum —<br />
ùîá ïîáà÷èòè.<br />
§ 34. PARTICIPIUM<br />
IJªÏÐÈÊÌÅÒÍÈÊ<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ³ñíóº òðè âèäè 䳺ïðèêìåòíèê³â:<br />
I. Participium praesentis activi — 䳺ïðèêìåòíèê òåïåð³øíüîãî<br />
÷àñó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó. Íàïðèêëàä: accusans, accusantis — ùî<br />
çâèíóâà÷óº. (Á³ëüø äîêëàäíî ïðî participium praesentis activi äèâ.<br />
§ 21).<br />
II. Participium perfecti passivi — 䳺ïðèêìåòíèê ìèíóëîãî<br />
÷àñó ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó. Óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì äîäàâàííÿ äî îñíîâè<br />
ñóï³íà (äëÿ ¿¿ çíàõîäæåííÿ íåîáõ³äíî â³ä ñëîâíèêîâî¿ ôîðìè<br />
ñóï³íà â³äîêðåìèòè çàê³í÷åííÿ -um) ðîäîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü: äëÿ ÷îëîâ³÷îãî<br />
ðîäó -us, äëÿ æ³íî÷îãî -a, ñåðåäíüîãî -um (â³äì³íþºòüñÿ<br />
çà çðàçêîì ïðèêìåòíèê³â I, II â³äì³íè), íàïðèêëàä:<br />
condemnatus, a, um — çàñóäæåíèé;<br />
doctus, a, um — íàâ÷åíèé;<br />
defensus, a, um — çàõèùåíèé;<br />
punitus, a, um — ïîêàðàíèé.<br />
III. Participium futuri activi — 䳺ïðèêìåòíèê ìàéáóòíüîãî<br />
÷àñó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó. Óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì äîäàâàííÿ äî îñíîâè<br />
ñóï³íà ñóô³êñà -ur- ³ ðîäîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü -us (m), -a (f), -um (n),<br />
íàïðèêëàä:<br />
condemnaturus, a,um — òîé, ùî ìຠíàì³ð çâèíóâàòèòè;<br />
docturus, a, um — òîé, ùî ìຠíàì³ð íàâ÷èòè;<br />
defensurus, a, um — òîé, ùî ìຠíàì³ð çàõèñòèòè;<br />
puniturus, a, um — òîé, ùî ìຠíàì³ð ïîêàðàòè.<br />
75
Participium futuri activi îçíà÷ຠíàì³ð, ãîòîâí³ñòü ùî-íåáóäü<br />
çä³éñíèòè. ³í â³äì³íþºòüñÿ ÿê ïðèêìåòíèêè I, II â³äì³íè.<br />
Participium futuri activi çâè÷àéíî âèñòóïຠ³ìåííîþ ÷àñòèíîþ<br />
ïðèñóäêà ³ âõîäèòü äî ñêëàäó Coniugatio periphrastica activa 1 .<br />
Coniugatio periphrastica activa óòâîðþºòüñÿ ç participium futuri<br />
activi ³ ôîðì 䳺ñëîâà esse ó áóäü-ÿêîìó ÷àñ³ ³ îçíà÷ຠáàæàííÿ,<br />
íàì³ð, çàäóì, ãîòîâí³ñòü ùîñü âèêîíàòè, íàïðèêëàä: Caesar<br />
Galliam expugnaturus erat. — Öåçàð ìàâ íàì³ð çàâîþâàòè Ãàëë³þ;<br />
Öåçàð çàäóìàâ çàâîþâàòè Ãàëë³þ.<br />
76<br />
§ 35. PASSIVUM TEMPORUM SYSTEMATIS PERFECTI<br />
ÏÀÑÈÂÍÈÉ ÑÒÀÍ ×ÀѲ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ ÏÅÐÔÅÊÒÀ<br />
Perfectum, plusquamperfectum, futurum II indicativi passivi óòâîðþþòüñÿ<br />
ç participium perfecti passivi â³äì³íþâàíîãî 䳺ñëîâà â<br />
Nominativus singularis ó â³äïîâ³äíîìó ðîä³ òà ÷èñë³ ³ äîïîì³æíîãî<br />
䳺ñëîâà esse â îäíîìó ç ÷àñ³â ñèñòåìè ³íôåêòà — äëÿ perfectum<br />
indicativi passivi ó praesens, äëÿ plusquamperfectum indicativi passivi<br />
â imperfectum, äëÿ futurum II indicativi passivi ó futurum I.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñë³â çà ÷àñàìè ñèñòåìè ïåðôåêòà<br />
ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó:<br />
<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
I <br />
condemnare<br />
<br />
1 condemnatus, a, um<br />
sum<br />
<br />
II <br />
docere<br />
<br />
Perfectum indicativi passivi<br />
doctus, a, um<br />
sum<br />
<br />
2 condemnatus, a, um es doctus, a, um<br />
es<br />
3 condemnatus, a, um doctus, a, um<br />
est<br />
est<br />
1 condemnati, ae, a docti, ae, a<br />
sumus<br />
sumus<br />
<br />
<br />
2 condemnati, ae, a estis docti, ae, a<br />
estis<br />
3 condemnati, ae, a sunt docti, ae, a<br />
sunt<br />
III <br />
defendre<br />
<br />
defensus, a, um<br />
sum<br />
<br />
defensus, a, um<br />
es<br />
defensus, a, um<br />
IV <br />
punire<br />
<br />
punitus, a, um<br />
sum<br />
<br />
punitus, a, um<br />
es<br />
punitus, a,um<br />
1 Coniugatio periphrastica passiva (îïèñîâà 䳺â³äì³íà ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó)<br />
äèâ. § 59.<br />
est<br />
defensi, ae, a<br />
sumus<br />
<br />
est<br />
puniti, ae, a<br />
sumus<br />
<br />
<br />
defensi, ae, a estis puniti, ae, a<br />
estis<br />
defensi, ae, a sunt puniti, ae, a<br />
sunt
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
Singularis<br />
pluralis<br />
1 condemnatus, a, um<br />
eram<br />
<br />
2 condemnatus, a, um<br />
eras<br />
3 condemnatus, a, um<br />
erat<br />
1 condemnati, ae, a<br />
eramus<br />
<br />
2 ondemnati, ae, a<br />
eratis<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
Plusquamperfectum indicativi passivi<br />
doctus, a, um<br />
eram<br />
<br />
<br />
doctus, a, um<br />
eras<br />
doctus, a, um<br />
erat<br />
docti, ae, a<br />
eramus<br />
<br />
<br />
docti, ae, a<br />
eratis<br />
defensus, a, um<br />
eram<br />
<br />
defensus, a, um<br />
eras<br />
defensus, a, um<br />
erat<br />
defensi, ae, a<br />
eramus<br />
<br />
<br />
defensi, ae, a<br />
eratis<br />
3 ondemnati, ae, a docti, ae, a defensi, ae, a<br />
erant<br />
erant erant<br />
Futurum II indicativi passivi<br />
1 condemnatus, a, um doctus, a, um defensus, a, um<br />
ero<br />
ero<br />
ero<br />
, , ,<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2 condemnatus, a, um<br />
eris<br />
3 condemnatus, a,um<br />
erit<br />
1 condemnati, ae, a<br />
ermus<br />
, <br />
<br />
2 condemnati, e, a<br />
ertis<br />
3 condemnati, a, a<br />
erunt<br />
doctus, a, um<br />
eris<br />
doctus, a, um<br />
erit<br />
docti, ae, a<br />
ermus<br />
,<br />
<br />
<br />
docti, e, a<br />
ertis<br />
docti, ae,a<br />
erunt<br />
punitus, a, um<br />
eram<br />
<br />
<br />
punitus, a, um<br />
eras<br />
punitus, a, um<br />
erat<br />
puniti, ae, a<br />
eramus<br />
<br />
<br />
puniti, ae, a<br />
eratis<br />
puniti, ae, a<br />
erant<br />
punitus, a, um<br />
ero<br />
<br />
, <br />
<br />
<br />
punitus, a, um<br />
eris<br />
punitus, a, um<br />
defensus, a, um<br />
eris<br />
defensus, a, um<br />
erit<br />
erit<br />
defensi, ae, a<br />
ermus<br />
,<br />
<br />
<br />
defensi, ae, a<br />
ertis<br />
ertis<br />
defensi,ae,a erunt puniti,ae,a<br />
erunt<br />
puniti, ae, a<br />
ermus<br />
,<br />
<br />
<br />
puniti, ae, a<br />
I. Âèçíà÷òå ôîðìó 䳺ñë³â ³ ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
accusatus est, accusata eram, accusatum erit; rei absoluti<br />
sunt, infantes educatae sunt.<br />
II. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå 䳺ñëîâà çà ÷àñàìè ñèñòåìè ïåðôåêòà ïàñèâíîãî<br />
ñòàíó:<br />
vinco, vinci, victum, êre — ïåðåìàãàòè;<br />
deleo, delevi, deletum, ere — ðóéíóâàòè;<br />
77
accuso, avi, atum, are — çâèíóâà÷óâàòè;<br />
audio, ivi, itum ire — ñëóõàòè.<br />
III. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Troia a Graecis deleta est. 2. Alea iacta est. 3. Fortîbus<br />
viris est data fortuna. 4. Accepi omnes epistûlas, quae a<br />
fratre meo missae erant. 5. Romûlus et Remus in iis locis,<br />
ubi flumîne Tibêri exposîti et a pastore educati erant, urbem<br />
condêre statuerunt. 6. Tres legiones a Caesâre in Galliam<br />
missae erant. 7. In testamento, a Lucio Titio facto, ita<br />
scriptum erat: Maevius, filius meus primogenîtus, heres<br />
esto. 8. Dictum — factum. 9. Gallia est omnis divisa in<br />
partes tres. 10. Multa bella a Romanis terra marique gesta<br />
sunt. 11. Multorum aures veritati clausae sunt. 12. Melior<br />
tutiorque est certa pax, quam sperata victoria. 13. Qui<br />
capitali crimîne damnatus est, non debet pro alio postulare<br />
(Ulp.). 14. Plebiscitum sine auctoritate patrum est constitutum<br />
(Pomponius). 15. Sanctum est, quod ab iniuria<br />
homînum defensum atque munitum est. 16. Inter fratrem<br />
et sororem prohibitae sunt nuptiae (Gai.). 17. Dolo malo ait<br />
praetor pactum se non servaturum esse (Ulp.). 18. Testamentum<br />
lex statim post mortem testatoris aperiri voluit<br />
(Paul). 19. Trecentesîmo anno post Romam condîtam<br />
tabûlae composîtae scriptaeque sunt (Gell.). 20. Caritate te<br />
et benevolentia civium saeptum oportet esse non armis<br />
(Cicêro).<br />
Ñëîâíèê<br />
78<br />
2. alea, ae f — æåðåá; iacio, ieci, iactum, êre — êèäàòè.<br />
3. fors, fortis — ñì³ëèâèé, õîðîáðèé.<br />
4. missae â³ä mitto, misi, missum, êre — ïîñèëàòè.<br />
5. iis — abl. pl.(is, ea, id — òîé); flumen, înis n — ð³êà; Tibêris,<br />
is m — Òèáð, ð³êà â ñåðåäí³é ²òà볿, ùî âïàäຠâ Ò³ððåíñüêå<br />
ìîðå â Îñò³¿; expono, posui, posîtum, êre — âèêèäàòè, ï³äêèíóòè;<br />
pastor, oris m — ïàñòóõ; educo, avi, atum, are — âèõîâóâàòè;<br />
urbs, urbis f — ì³ñòî; condo, dîdi, dîtum, êre —<br />
ñïîðóäæóâàòè, çâîäèòè, áóäóâàòè.<br />
6. legio, onis f — ëåã³îí.<br />
7. scriptum — â³ä scribo; primogenîtus, a, um — ïåðâîðîäíèé,<br />
ïåðâ³ñòîê.<br />
9. divîdo, visi, visum, êre — ïîä³ëÿòè.<br />
10. mare, is n — ìîðå; gesta â³ä gero, gessi, gestum, êre — âåñòè.<br />
11. clausae â³ä claudo, si, sum, ere — çàìèêàòè, çàêðèâàòè.
12. melior, ius — êðàùèé; tutior — gradus comparativus â³ä<br />
tutus, a, um — áåçïå÷íèé, íàä³éíèé; pax, pacis f — ìèð;<br />
speratus â³ä spero, avi, atum, are — ñïîä³âàòèñÿ.<br />
13. capitalis, e — êðèì³íàëüíèé, äóæå íåáåçïå÷íèé; crimen, înis<br />
n — çëî÷èí; damno, avi, atum, are — çàñóäæóâàòè, ïðèñóäèòè;<br />
postûlo, avi, atum, are — âèìàãàòè, âèñóâàòè âèìîãè;<br />
alio â³ä alius, a, um — ³íøèé.<br />
14. plebiscitum, i n — ïëåá³ñöèò, ïîñòàíîâà çáîð³â ïëåáå¿â<br />
(consilium plebis) (plebs, is f — íàðîä, þðáà, ïëåáå¿).<br />
15. sanctus, a, um — ñâÿòèé, ñâÿùåííèé; defensum â³ä defendo;<br />
munitum â³ä munio, ivi, itum, ire — çì³öíþâàòè, îáîðîíÿòè.<br />
16. prohibeo, bui, bîtum, ere — çàáîðîíÿòè; nuptiae, arum f —<br />
øëþá.<br />
17. dolo (abl. modi) malo (abl. modi).<br />
18. aperiri inf. praes. pass. â³ä aperio, perui, pertum, ire —<br />
â³äêðèâàòè, ðîçêðèâàòè, ðîáèòè äîñòóïíèì; volo, volui, –,<br />
velle — õîò³òè, âèðàæàòè âîëþ.<br />
20. carîtas, atis f — ìèë³ñòü, ïðèõèëüí³ñòü; ëþáîâ; benevolentia,<br />
ae f — äîáðîçè÷ëèâ³ñòü; saepio, saepsi, saeptum, ire — îòî-<br />
÷óâàòè, çàõèùàòè, îõîðîíÿòè; oportet, uit, –, ere (áåçîñîáîâå<br />
䳺ñëîâî) — âèïëèâàº, ñë³ä, ïîâèííå.<br />
DE MAGISTRATIBUS ROMANORUM<br />
Principatus magistratuum Romae in manîbus consûlum erat.<br />
Consûles erant magistratus annui; consulîbus erant imperium et<br />
potestas vitae necisque; praeterea consul erat iudex et pontîfex<br />
maxîmus. Item ordinarii magistratus alii erant. Praetor urbanus ius<br />
inter cives dicebat. Quaestores aerarium curabant. Censor censum<br />
agebat. Postea autem officium censoris erat etiam peccata civium<br />
contra bonos mores notare atque senatum legêre. Aediles curam<br />
aedium, postea curam ludorum denîque curam annonae habebant.<br />
Extraordinarii magistratus Romae erant dictator, magister equîtum,<br />
decemvîri, tribuni milîtum consulari potestate.<br />
principatus, us m — ïðèíöèïàò, âëàäà, êåðóþ÷à ðîëü, âåðõîâåíñòâî,<br />
ïàíóâàííÿ;<br />
magistratus, us m — ìàã³ñòðàò, ïîñàäîâà îñîáà;<br />
manus, us f — ðóêà, âëàäà;<br />
annuus, a, um — ð³÷íèé (tempus magistratus);<br />
consulîbus erant imperium et potestas — ó êîíñóë³â áóëà âèùà âëàäà<br />
³ ñèëà;<br />
pontîfex maxîmus — ïîíòèô³ê, âåðõîâíèé æðåöü;<br />
magister equîtum — íà÷àëüíèê ê³ííîòè, â³í æå ïîì³÷íèê äèêòàòîðà;<br />
decemvir, i m (çâè÷àéíî â pluralis, ïèñàëè ïåðåâàæíî Xvir, Xviri) —<br />
äåöåìâ³ð, ÷ëåí öåíòðàëüíîãî àäì³í³ñòðàòèâíîãî ÷è çàêîíîäàâ÷îãî îðãàíó<br />
ç äåñÿòè ÷îëîâ³ê, ÷ëåí êîëå㳿 äåñÿòè;<br />
79
80<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Quintus Mucius Scaevôla<br />
Êâ³íò Ìóö³é Ñöåâîëà (áëèçüêî 140–82 ðð. äî í. å.). Áóâ ïðåäñòàâíèêîì<br />
íàéâ³äîì³øî¿ äèíàñò³¿ ðèìñüêèõ ïðàâîçíàâö³â, êîíñóë<br />
(95 ð.), âåëèêèé ïîíòèô³ê (ç 84 ð.), áëèñêó÷èé þðèñò, äåðæàâíèé<br />
ä³ÿ÷ ³ îðàòîð. Éîãî Ius civile (Öèâ³ëüíå ïðàâî), ó ÿêîìó â³í óïåðøå<br />
çðîáèâ ñïðîáó ïîáóäóâàòè ä³àëåêòè÷íèì ìåòîäîì ïîâíó ñèñòåìó<br />
öèâ³ëüíîãî ïðàâà, ñòàëî íå ëèøå íàéá³ëüøèì âèòâîðîì<br />
ïðàâîçíàâñòâà, àëå é íàð³æíèì êàìåíåì óñ³º¿ çàõ³äíîºâðîïåéñüêî¿<br />
íàóêè ïðàâà. Âîíî çàëèøèëî ãëèáîêèé ñë³ä ó òâîð÷îñò³ âñ³õ éîãî<br />
ïîñë³äîâíèê³â, àëå êîìåíòóâàëè éîãî ò³ëüêè þðèñòè II ñò. (Ãàé,<br />
Ïîìïîí³é). Ìóö³é âèãîëîñèâ ³ íàïèñàâ áåçë³÷ ñóäîâèõ ïðîìîâ,<br />
áóâ ÷óäîâèì ïåäàãîãîì ³ ðåñïîíäåíòîì.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Barbâri — ÷óæîçåìö³; â î÷àõ ðèìëÿí — óñ³ íåðèìëÿíè,<br />
ï³çí³øå ïåðåâàæíî âîðîãè Ðèìó; ó ÷àñè ²ìïå𳿠— ïðåäñòàâíèêè<br />
³íøèõ íàðîäíîñòåé.<br />
Peregrini («³ç-çà ïîëÿ» (per+ager), ÷óæîçåìö³) — â³ëüí³ ãðîìàäÿíè<br />
³íøî¿ äåðæàâè, ïðàâó ÿêî¿ âîíè ï³äêîðÿþòüñÿ (îñîáèñò³ñíèé<br />
ïðèíöèï ³íøî¿ íàðîäíîñò³). Ó Ðèì³ ñïî÷àòêó áóëè ïîçáàâëåí³<br />
ïðàâîâîãî çàõèñòó. Çãîäîì, ÿêùî ¿õíÿ äåðæàâà óêëàäàëà ì³æíàðîäíèé<br />
äîãîâ³ð ç Ðèìîì, âîíè, ùîïðàâäà, áóëè âèêëþ÷åí³ ç<br />
öèâ³ëüíîãî ïðàâà (ius civile), àëå ïðè êîíòàêòàõ ç ðèìëÿíàìè àáî<br />
ïåðåãð³íàìè ç ³íøî¿ äåðæàâè íà íèõ ïîøèðþâàëîñÿ ì³æíàðîäíå<br />
ïðàâî (ius gentium).<br />
Piratae (ãðåö.) — ï³ðàòè, ìîðñüê³ ðîçá³éíèêè, ï³ñëÿ ï³éìàííÿ<br />
íåãàéíî ñòðà÷óâàëèñÿ. Ó II-I ñò. äî í. å. ï³ðàòè ñòàëè ìîãóòíüîþ<br />
ñèëîþ, ùî ïàíóâàëà íà âñüîìó Ñåðåäçåìíîìó ìîð³, äîêè<br />
Ïîìïåé íå ë³êâ³äóâàâ ¿õ çà äîïîìîãîþ åíåðã³éíèõ çàõîä³â.<br />
ARS<br />
Ïàíòåîí, II ñò. í. å. Ó<br />
Ðèì³ çáåð³ãñÿ ÷óäîâèé ïàì’ÿòíèê<br />
åïîõè Àäð³àíà — õðàì<br />
óñ³õ áîã³â Ïàíòåîí. Ãëÿäà÷,<br />
ùî óâ³éøîâ äî õðàìó, âèÿâëÿºòüñÿ<br />
âñåðåäèí³ ãðàíä³îçíîãî<br />
ï³äêóïîëüíîãî ïðîñòîðó.<br />
óãàíòñüê³ ðîçì³ðè ñïî-
ðóäè (âèñîòà õðàìó — 42,7 ì, âíóòð³øí³é ä³àìåòð êóïîëà —<br />
43,5 ì) ó ïîºäíàíí³ ç ãàðìîí³éíèìè ïðîïîðö³ÿìè ³ øëÿõåòíîþ<br />
êðàñîþ àðõ³òåêòóðíèõ ôîðì ñïðàâëÿþòü íåàáèêå âðàæåííÿ.<br />
Âíóòð³øí³é ïðîñò³ð õðàìó íå ³çîëüîâàíî â³ä çîâí³øíüîãî ñâ³òó:<br />
êð³çü âåëèêèé (ä³àìåòðîì ó 9 ì) êðóãëèé îòâ³ð ó öåíòð³ êóïîëà —<br />
ºäèíå äæåðåëî îñâ³òëåííÿ õðàìó — âèäíî áëàêèòíå íåáî; ÷åðåç öåé<br />
æå îòâ³ð äî õðàìó ïðîíèêàþòü ñîíÿ÷í³ ïðîìåí³, ùî óòâîðþþòü<br />
ñí³ï ñâ³òëà, ÿêèé ïåðåì³ùóºòüñÿ â³äïîâ³äíî äî ðóõó ñîíöÿ. Òàêèì<br />
÷èíîì, ãðàíä³îçíà êóïîëüíà ñïîðóäà, ÿêà â³äáèâຠ³äåþ íåáîñõèëó,<br />
ùî ïàíóº íàä çåìëåþ, íåìîâ ïîâ’ÿçóºòüñÿ ç ðóõîì íåáåñíîãî<br />
ñâ³òèëà.<br />
81
LECTIO XIII (TERTIA DECIMA)<br />
82<br />
§ 36. PRONOMINA DEMONSTRATIVA<br />
ÂÊÀDzÂͲ ÇÀÉÌÅÍÍÈÊÈ<br />
Äî âêàç³âíèõ çàéìåííèê³â íàëåæàòü:<br />
hic, haec, hoc — öåé, öÿ, öå (âêàçóº íà íàéáëèæ÷èé ïðåäìåò<br />
àáî îñîáó äî òîãî, õòî ãîâîðèòü);<br />
iste, ista, istud — öåé, öÿ, öå (âêàçóº íà ïðåäìåò àáî îñîáó,<br />
ÿêà íàëåæèòü äî àäðåñàòà ìîâè);<br />
ille, illa, illud — òîé, òà, òå (âêàçóº íà íàéá³ëüø â³ääàëåíèé<br />
ïðåäìåò â³ä òîãî, õòî ãîâîðèòü);<br />
is, ea, id — òîé, òà, òå, â³í, âîíà, âîíî.<br />
Íà ñóäîâèõ ïðîöåñàõ àäâîêàò âæèâຠâêàç³âíèé çàéìåííèê<br />
hic, ãîâîðÿ÷è ïðî ñâîãî ï³äçàõèñíîãî, ³ iste, ãîâîðÿ÷è ïðî ïðîòèâíèêà<br />
(ÿêèé òàêîæ çíàõîäèòüñÿ â ñóä³).<br />
³äì³íþâàííÿ âêàç³âíèõ çàéìåííèê³â<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
m f n m f n<br />
Nom. hic haec hoc hi hae haec<br />
Gen. huius horum harum horum<br />
Dat. huic his<br />
Acc. hunc hanc hoc hos has haec<br />
Abl. hoc hac hoc his<br />
Nom. iste ista istud isti istae ista<br />
Gen. istius istorum istarum istorum<br />
Dat. isti istis<br />
Acc. istum istam istud istos istas ista<br />
Abl. isto ista isto istis<br />
Nom. is ea id ei (ii) eae ea<br />
Gen. eius eorum earum eorum<br />
Dat. ei eis (iis)<br />
Acc. eum eam id eos eas ea<br />
Abl. eo ea eo eis (iis)<br />
Çàéìåííèê ille, illa, illud â³äì³íþºòüñÿ ÿê çàéìåííèê iste, ista,<br />
istud.
§ 37. PRONOMINA DETERMINATIVA<br />
ÎÇÍÀ×ÀËÜͲ ÇÀÉÌÅÍÍÈÊÈ<br />
Äî âêàç³âíèõ çàéìåííèê³â çà çíà÷åííÿì áëèçüê³ îçíà÷àëüí³,<br />
äî ÿêèõ íàëåæàòü:<br />
ipse, ipsa, ipsum — ñàì, ñàìà, ñàìå;<br />
idem, eâdem, idem — òîé ñàìèé, òà ñàìà, òå ñàìå.<br />
³äì³íþâàííÿ îçíà÷àëüíèõ çàéìåííèê³â<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
m f n m f n<br />
Nom. ipse ipsa ipsum ipsi ipsae ipsa<br />
Gen. ipsius ipsorum ipsarum ipsorum<br />
Dat. ipsi ipsis<br />
Acc. ipsum ipsam ipsum ipsos ipsas ipsa<br />
Abl. ipso ipsa ipso ipsis<br />
Nom. idem edem idem eidem eaedem edem<br />
(idem)<br />
Gen. eiusdem eorundem earundem eorundem<br />
Dat. eidem eisdem (iisdem)<br />
Acc. eundem eandem idem eosdem easdem edem<br />
Abl. eodem eadem eodem eisdem (iisdem)<br />
§ 38. PRONOMEN RELATIVUM<br />
²ÄÍÎÑÍÈÉ ÇÀÉÌÅÍÍÈÊ<br />
³äíîñíèé çàéìåííèê qui, quae, quod — ÿêèé, ÿêà, ÿêå; êîòðèé,<br />
êîòðà, êîòðå; õòî, ùî ç ïðèéìåííèêîì cum ó Ablativus ïèøåòüñÿ<br />
ðàçîì (ÿê ç îñîáîâèì, òàê ³ ç çâîðîòíèì çàéìåííèêîì),<br />
íàïðèêëàä: quocum — ç ÿêèì, quacum — ç ÿêîþ, quibuscum — ç<br />
ÿêèìè.<br />
³äì³íþâàííÿ â³äíîñíîãî çàéìåííèêà<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
m f n m f n<br />
Nom. qui quae quod qui quae quae<br />
Gen. cuius quorum quarum quorum<br />
Dat. cui quibus<br />
Acc. quem quam quod quos quas quae<br />
Abl. quo qua quo quibus<br />
83
84<br />
§ 39. PRONOMINA INTERROGATIVA<br />
ÏÈÒÀËÜͲ ÇÀÉÌÅÍÍÈÊÈ<br />
Çàéìåííèêè quis? quid? — õòî? ùî? âæèâàþòüñÿ ò³ëüêè â îäíèí³.<br />
³äì³íþâàííÿ ïèòàëüíèõ çàéìåííèê³â<br />
Singularis<br />
Nom. quis õòî quid ùî<br />
Gen. cuius<br />
Dat. cui<br />
Acc. quem quid<br />
Abl. quo<br />
Ïèòàëüí³ çàéìåííèê³ â³äì³íþþòüñÿ òàê ñàìî, ÿê â³äíîñíèé.<br />
§ 40. PRONOMINA INDEFINITA<br />
ÍÅÎÇÍÀ×ÅͲ ÇÀÉÌÅÍÍÈÊÈ<br />
Íåîçíà÷åí³ çàéìåííèêè óòâîðþþòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíàííÿ<br />
ð³çíèõ ÷àñòîê äî â³äíîñíèõ òà ïèòàëüíèõ çàéìåííèê³â quis?,<br />
quid?; qui, quae, quod. ×àñòêà ali- ïèøåòüñÿ ïåðåä çàéìåííèêîì,<br />
³íø³ ï³ñëÿ (-dam, -que, -quam, -piam, -libet, -vis).<br />
alîquis, alîquid — õòî-íåáóäü, ùî-íåáóäü;<br />
alîqui, alîqua, alîquod — ÿêèé-íåáóäü, ÿêà-íåáóäü, ÿêå-íåáóäü;<br />
quidam, quaedam, quiddam — õòîñü, ùîñü;<br />
quidam, quaedam, quoddam — äåÿêèé, äåÿêà, äåÿêå;<br />
ÿêèéñü, ÿêàñü, ÿêåñü;<br />
quidlîbet quaelîbet, quidlîbet, quodlîbet — õòî-íåáóäü,<br />
áóäü-õòî.<br />
Ïðè â³äì³íþâàíí³ ÷àñòêè çàëèøàþòüñÿ áåç çì³íè, â³äì³íþþòüñÿ<br />
ò³ëüêè çàéìåííèêè.<br />
²íîä³ íåîçíà÷åí³ çàéìåííèêè óòâîðþþòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïîäâîºííÿ<br />
ïèòàëüíèõ: quisquis, quidquid «õòî á í³, ùî á í³».<br />
³äì³íþâàííÿ íåîçíà÷åíèõ çàéìåííèê³â<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
m f n m f n<br />
Nom. alquis alqua alquid alqui alquae alquae<br />
aliqui<br />
alquod<br />
Gen. alicuius aliquorum aliquarum aliquorum<br />
Dat. alicui aliquibus<br />
Acc. alquem alquam alquid<br />
alquod<br />
alquos alquas alquae<br />
Abl. alquo alqua alquo aliquibus<br />
Nom. quidam quaedam quiddam<br />
quoddam<br />
quidam quaedam quaedam<br />
Gen. cuiusdam quorundam quarundam quorundam<br />
Dat. cuidam quibusdam<br />
Acc. quendam quandam quiddam<br />
quoddam<br />
quosdam quasdam quaedam<br />
Abl. quodam quadam quodam quibusdam
§ 41. PRONOMINA NEGATIVA<br />
ÇÀÏÅÐÅ×Ͳ ÇÀÉÌÅÍÍÈÊÈ<br />
Äî çàïåðå÷íèõ çàéìåííèê³â íàëåæàòü nemo — í³õòî, nihil —<br />
í³ùî, ÿê³ âæèâàþòüñÿ ò³ëüêè â îäíèí³. Äëÿ óòâîðåííÿ íåïðÿìèõ<br />
â³äì³íê³â çàéìåííèêà nihil âæèâàºòüñÿ ñïîëó÷åííÿ nulla res (í³ÿêà<br />
ð³÷).<br />
³äì³íþâàííÿ çàïåðå÷íèõ çàéìåííèê³â<br />
Singularis<br />
Nom. nemo nihil<br />
Gen. nemnis nullius rei<br />
Dat. nemni nulli rei<br />
Acc. nemnem nihil<br />
Abl. nemne nulla re<br />
§ 42. ADIECTIVA PRONOMINALIA<br />
ÇÀÉÌÅÍÍÈÊβ ÏÐÈÊÌÅÒÍÈÊÈ<br />
Äî çàéìåííèêîâèõ ïðèêìåòíèê³â íàëåæàòü:<br />
unus, a, um — îäèí (ç áàãàòüîõ);<br />
solus, a, um — ëèøå îäèí, ºäèíèé;<br />
totus, a, um — âåñü, ö³ëèé;<br />
alius, a, ud — ³íøèé (ç áàãàòüîõ);<br />
alter, êra, êrum — äðóãèé (³ç äâîõ);<br />
ullus, a, um — ÿêèé-íåáóäü;<br />
uter, utra, utrum — êîòðèé ³ç äâîõ;<br />
neuter, tra, trum — í³ òîé, í³ ³íøèé;<br />
nullus, a, um — í³ÿêèé.<br />
Çàéìåííèêîâ³ ïðèêìåòíèêè â³äì³íþþòüñÿ çà I òà II â³äì³íîþ,<br />
àëå â Genetivus singalaris âîíè ìàþòü çàê³í÷åííÿ -ius, Dativus<br />
singularis -³.<br />
Singularis Pluralis<br />
m f n m f n<br />
Nom. ullus ulla ullum ulli ullae ulla<br />
Gen. ullius ullorum ullarum ullorum<br />
Dat. ulli ullis<br />
Acc. ullum ullam ullum ullos ullas ulla<br />
Abl. ullo ulla ullo ullis<br />
85
Âïðàâà<br />
Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Lex nemîni operatur iniqua, nemîni facit iniuriam. 2. Ea,<br />
quae dixisti, vera sunt. 3. Ubi tu Gaius, ibi ego Gaia.<br />
4. Quod non habet principium, non habet finem. 5. Iustitia<br />
est constans et perpetua voluntas, ius suum cuique tribuêre.<br />
6. Tempôra mutantur et nos mutamur in illis. 7. Nosce te<br />
ipsum. 8. Bonis nocet, qui malis parcit. 9. Quid est amicus?<br />
Alter ego. 10. Saepe nihil inimicus est homîni, quam ipse<br />
sibi (Cic.). 11. Legis virtus haec est: imperare, vetare,<br />
promittêre. 12. Sapiens ipse fungit fortunam suam sibi.<br />
(Plautus). 13. Qui pro quo. 14. Cui prodest? 15. Cui bono?<br />
16. Verîtas se ipsà defendit. 17. Quis, quid, ubi, quibus,<br />
auxiliis, cur, quomôdo, quando (Cic.). 18. Nemo est iudex<br />
in propria causa. 19. Omnes nos in eis linguis, quas non<br />
intellegîmus, quae sunt innumerabîles, surdi sumus.<br />
20. Bene facîte, quod facîtis. 21. Quod hodie non est, id<br />
cras ert. 22. Qui tacet, consentit. 23. Non est bonus is, qui<br />
laborem fugit. 24. Sine amico homo, hoc est sine anîma<br />
corpus. 25. Suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam, suum<br />
cuique amorem, mihi meum. 26. Res loquîtur ipsa (Cic.).<br />
27. Status quo (status in quo res est); status quo ante bellum<br />
(res erat). 28. Condicio sine qua non. 29. Nemo nostrum<br />
non pecat, homîni sumus, non Dei.<br />
Ñëîâíèê<br />
86<br />
1. nemo, înis — subst. m, f — í³õòî; opêror, atus sum, ari —<br />
ä³ÿòè, ðîáèòè; iniquus, a, um — øê³äëèâèé, íåäîáðîçè÷ëèâèé.<br />
2. ea — äèâ. is; dixisti äèâ. dico.<br />
3. ubi — äå; ibi — òàì.<br />
5. constans, antis — ïîñò³éíèé; perpetuus, a, um — â³÷íèé;<br />
voluntas, atis f — âîëÿ, áàæàííÿ; suum cuique — êîæíîìó<br />
ñâîº; tribuo, bui, butum, êre — íàäàâàòè, íàä³ëÿòè.<br />
6. illis, –, abl.pl. äî ille.<br />
7. (cog)nosco, novi, notum, êre — ï³çíàâàòè, âèâ÷àòè; ipse, ipsa,<br />
ipsum — ñàì.<br />
8. noceo, cui, cîtum, ere — øêîäèòè; parco, peperci, – , êre —<br />
ïîòóðàòè.<br />
11. virtus, virtutis f — â³äì³íí³ âëàñòèâîñò³, äîñòî¿íñòâà; hic,<br />
haec, hoc — öåé, íèæ÷åíàâåäåíèé, òàêèé.
12. fungor, functus sum, fungi — çä³éñíþâàòè, âèêîíóâàòè.<br />
13. qui pro quo — îäíå çàì³ñòü äðóãîãî; õòîñü çàì³ñòü êîãîñü.<br />
14. prodest — 3 îñîáà sing. praes. äî prosum, profui, prodesse —<br />
áóòè êîðèñíèì, ïðèíîñèòè êîðèñòü.<br />
19. innumerabîlis, e — íåçë³÷èìèé, ÷èñëåííèé; surdus, a, um —<br />
ãëóõèé, íåñïðèéíÿòëèâèé.<br />
21. hodie — ñüîãîäíÿ; cras — çàâòðà.<br />
22. taceo, cui, cîtum, ere — ìîâ÷àòè; consentio, sensi, sensum,<br />
ire — ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ.<br />
23. fugio, fugi, fugiturus, êre — á³ãòè, ò³êàòè.<br />
24. corpus, oris n — ò³ëî.<br />
25. sponsa, ae f — íàðå÷åíà; amor, oris m — ëþáîâ.<br />
27. status quo — ³ñíóþ÷å ñòàíîâèùå.<br />
28. sine qua non — íåîáõ³äíà ó<strong>ìîâà</strong>.<br />
29. pecco, avi, atum, are — ãð³øèòè, ïîìèëÿòèñÿ.<br />
CODICILLUS<br />
Lucius Titius Seium et Maevium libertos suos aequis partîbus<br />
heredes scripsit. Deinde codicillis ita cavit: Lucius Titius Seio<br />
heredi suo salutem Maevium, libertum meum, quem in testamento<br />
pro parte dimidia heredem institui, eam partem hereditatis veto<br />
accipêre; in eius locum et partem Publium Sempronium heredem<br />
esse iubeo.<br />
codicillus,i m — êîäèöèë (äîäàòêîâå ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ äî çàïîâ³òó);<br />
libertus,i m — â³ëüíîâ³äïóùåíèê;<br />
suus,a,um — ñâ³é;<br />
aequus,a,um — ð³âíèé;<br />
pars, partis f — ÷àñòèíà;<br />
heres, heredis m — ñïàäêîºìåöü;<br />
scribo, scripsi, scriptum, êre — ïèñàòè;<br />
deinde — ïîò³ì;<br />
ita — òàê;<br />
caveo,cavi, cautum, ere — çàñòåð³ãàòè, ïåðåäáà÷àòè;<br />
saluto, avi, atum, are — â³òàòè;<br />
quem(acc. sing.) â³ä qui — ÿêèé, êîòðèé;<br />
testamentum, i n — çàïîâ³ò;<br />
dimidius, a, um (dis + medius) — ïîëîâèííèé;<br />
instituo, stitui, stitutum, êre — âñòàíîâëþâàòè, ïðèçíà÷àòè;<br />
eam (acc. sing.) â³ä ea — òà, âîíà;<br />
veto, vetui, vetitum, are — çàáîðîíÿòè;<br />
accipio, cepi, ceptum, êre — îäåðæóâàòè;<br />
eius (gen. sing.) â³ä is — â³í;<br />
locus, i m — ì³ñöå;<br />
iubeo, iussi, iussum, ere — íàêàçóâàòè.<br />
87
88<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Labeo Marcus Antistius<br />
Ëàáåîí Ìàðêî Àíòèñò³é (áëèçüêî 45 ð. äî í. å. — 10/21 ð. í. å.)<br />
Íàéâèäàòí³øèé þðèñò ÷àñ³â Àâãóñòà, ìàâ äîïèòëèâèé ðîçóì,<br />
áóâ îðèã³íàëüíèì ìèñëèòåëåì ³ íîâàòîðîì. Êð³ì þðèñïðóäåíö³¿<br />
âèâ÷àâ ëîã³êó, ô³ëîñîô³þ ³ ãðàìàòèêó. Ïåðåêîíàíèé ðåñïóáë³êàíåöü,<br />
â³í íå ïðèõîâóâàâ ñâîþ âîðîæ³ñòü äî ïðèíöèïàòó. ²ìïåðàòîð<br />
Àâãóñò ïîâàæàâ éîãî îñîáèñòèé ³ íàóêîâèé àâòîðèòåò. Óñ³<br />
âåëèê³ þðèñòè öèòóâàëè éîãî òâîðè, íà æàëü, äî íàñ ä³éøëè<br />
ëèøå íåçíà÷í³ óðèâêè (óñüîãî íèì áóëî íàïèñàíî áëèçüêî 400<br />
êíèã).<br />
Ëàáåîí äîñÿã ïðåòóðè, àëå â³äìîâèâñÿ â³ä ïîë³òè÷íî¿ êàð’ºðè,<br />
â³í êîíñóëüòóâàâ, âèêëàäàâ ïðàâî ³ ïèñàâ êíèãè. ϳâðîêó ìåøêàâ<br />
ó Ðèì³ ³ íàâ÷àâ ïðàâó, ï³âðîêó ïèñàâ ñâî¿ òâîðè ó ñåë³. Éîãî<br />
ïåðó íàëåæàòü: êîìåíòàð³ Ad legem XII tabularum (Äî Çàêîíó XII<br />
òàáëèöü), Ad edictum (Äî åäèêòó), De iure pontificio (Ïðî ïðàâî<br />
ïîíòèô³êà), Epistûlae, Responsa òà ³íø³.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Senatus — çáîðè ðîäîâèõ ñòàð³éøèí, çãîäîì ïàòðèö³àíñüêèé<br />
êîíñóëüòàòèâíèé îðãàí ïðè öàð³. Çà ÷àñ³â Ðåñïóáë³êè ñåíàò ÿê ºäèíèé<br />
êîíñòèòóö³éíèé îðãàí ïðèáðàâ íàäçâè÷àéíó âëàäó ³ ñòàâ îïëîòîì<br />
ïîë³òè÷íî¿ ìîãóòíîñò³ ïàòðèö³¿â, à ï³çí³øå — íîá³ë³òåòó.<br />
×èñëî ÷ëåí³â ñåíàòó (senatores), ùî ñïî÷àòêó ñêëàäàâñÿ ëèøå<br />
ç ïàòðèö³¿â (patres), íå ïåðåâèùóâàëî 30 îñ³á, çà ÷àñ³â Ñóëè (ä³êòàòóðà<br />
Ñóëè 82–79 ðð. äî í. º.) — 600, çà Öåçàðÿ äîõîäèëî äî 1 000,<br />
çà Àâãóñòà — çíîâó ò³ëüêè 600. ¯õ ïðèçíà÷àëè êîíñóëè, ïîò³ì<br />
öåíçîðè, çã³äíî ç çàêîíîì Îâ³í³ÿ (lex Ovinia), ÿêèé, êð³ì òîãî,<br />
â³äêðèâ äîñòóï äî ñåíàòó ïëåáåÿì. Çãîäîì ÷ëåíàìè ñåíàòó ïðàêòè÷íî<br />
ñòàâàëè êîëèøí³ ìàã³ñòðàòè.<br />
Senatusconsultum — ïîðàäà, ñåíàòñüêà ïîñòàíîâà, â³äïîâ³äü<br />
íà ïèòàííÿ ãîëîâóþ÷îãî ìàã³ñòðàòó; ¿¿ òåêñò â³ääàâàâñÿ äî õðàìó<br />
Öåðåðè, à çãîäîì äî Õðàìó Ñàòóðíà (aerarium Saturni). Ç ê³íöÿ<br />
II ñò. äî í. å. senatusconsultum ïî÷àëà ñòâîðþâàòè ó ö³é ôîðì³<br />
þðèäè÷í³ ïðàâèëà ç á³ëüø øèðîêîþ ñôåðîþ 䳿, ùî âò³ëþâàëèñÿ<br />
â æèòòÿ ìàã³ñòðàòàìè.<br />
Aerarium Saturni — äåðæàâíà ñêàðáíèöÿ ïðè õðàì³ Ñàòóðíà,<br />
äå çíàõîäèâñÿ òàêîæ äåðæàâíèé àðõ³â.
ARS<br />
Ñòàòóÿ Êëàâä³ÿ, I ñò. í. å.<br />
²ìïåðàòîðè ÷àñó ðîçêâ³òó ³ìïåð³¿<br />
÷àñòî ñïîðóäæóâàëè ñîá³ ñòàòó¿<br />
âåëè÷åçíèõ ðîçì³ð³â. Ïîçè, ó ÿêèõ<br />
âîíè çîáðàæóþòüñÿ ñêóëüïòîðàìè,<br />
âèð³çíÿþòüñÿ òåàòðàëüí³ñòþ<br />
³ ï³äêðåñëåíîþ óðî÷èñò³ñòþ. Ó<br />
ñòàòó¿ Êëàâä³ÿ (Ðèì, Âàòèêàí)<br />
³ìïåðàòîð ç’ÿâëÿºòüñÿ ïåðåä íàðîäîì<br />
óæå íå ÿê Àâãóñò ó ñòàòó¿ ç Ïðèìà<br />
Ïîðòà. Éîãî îáðàç íå âåëè÷íèé,<br />
à ïðåòåíç³éíèé. Ó æåñò³ — â³äêðèòèé<br />
çàêëèê äî ïîêëîí³ííÿ. Êëàâä³é<br />
çîáðàæåíèé ïîä³áíèì äî áîãà<br />
Þï³òåðà. Ïèøíà ì³øóðà âñ³ëÿêèõ<br />
àòðèáóò³â ³ ïðèêðàñ íå ìîæå ñõîâàòè<br />
ëèõîâ³ñíîãî ïîãëÿäó Êëàâä³ÿ,<br />
ùî î÷³êóº ïî÷åñòåé.<br />
89
LECTIO XIV (QUARTA DECIMA)<br />
90<br />
§ 43. GRADUS COMPARATIONIS ADIECTIVORUM<br />
ÑÒÓÏÅͲ ÏÎвÂÍßÍÍß ÏÐÈÊÌÅÒÍÈʲÂ<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ðîçð³çíÿþòü òðè ñòóïåí³ ïîð³âíÿííÿ:<br />
gradus positivus (çâè÷àéíèé ñòóï³íü);<br />
gradus comparativus (âèùèé ñòóï³íü);<br />
gradus superlativus (íàéâèùèé ñòóï³íü).<br />
Âèùèé ñòóï³íü óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ äî îñíîâè<br />
ïðèêìåòíèêà (îñíîâà çíàõîäèòüñÿ çà ôîðìîþ ïðèêìåòíèêà<br />
÷îëîâ³÷îãî ðîäó â Genetivus singularis øëÿõîì â³äêèäàííÿ çàê³í÷åíü<br />
ó II â³äì³í³ -³, ó III â³äì³í³ — -is) ñóô³êñ³â -ior- äëÿ ÷îëîâ³-<br />
÷îãî ³ æ³íî÷îãî ðîäó, -ius- äëÿ ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó, íàïðèêëàä: altus,<br />
a, um — âèñîêèé; altior — âèùèé, âèùà; altius — âèùå.<br />
³äì³íþþòüñÿ ïðèêìåòíèêè âèùîãî ñòóïåíÿ çà III â³äì³íîþ<br />
ïðèãîëîñíèì òèïîì ³ìåííèê³â.<br />
Íàéâèùèé ñòóï³íü á³ëüøîñò³ ïðèêìåòíèê³â óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì<br />
ïðèºäíóâàííÿ äî îñíîâè ïðèêìåòíèêà ñóô³êñà -issîm- ³ ðîäîâèõ<br />
çàê³í÷åíü -us, -a, -um, íàïðèêëàä: altissîmus, a, um — íàéâèùèé.<br />
Äî ïðèêìåòíèê³â, ùî ìàþòü ó çâè÷àéíîìó ñòóïåí³ ó Nominativus<br />
singularis ÷îëîâ³÷îãî ðîäó çàê³í÷åííÿ -er, ó íàéâèùîìó ñòóïåí³<br />
ïðèºäíóºòüñÿ ñóô³êñ -rîm-, íàïðèêëàä: pulcher, chra, chrum —êðàñèâèé;<br />
pulcherrîmus, a, um — íàéêðàñèâ³øèé.<br />
سñòü ïðèêìåòíèê³â III â³äì³íè íà -îlis ó Nominativus singularis<br />
÷îëîâ³÷îãî ³ æ³íî÷îãî ðîäó óòâîðþþòü íàéâèùèé ñòóï³íü çà äîïîìîãîþ<br />
ñóô³êñà -lîm- ³ ðîäîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü -us, -a, -um. Öå òàê³<br />
ïðèêìåòíèêè: facîlis — ëåãêèé, difficîlis — âàæêèé, simîlis — ñõîæèé,<br />
dissimîlis — íåñõîæèé, gracîlis — ñòðóíêèé, humîlis — íèçüêèé,<br />
íàïðèêëàä: difficillîmus, a, um — íàéâàæ÷èé.<br />
Óòâîðåííÿ ñòóïåí³â ïîð³âíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèê³â<br />
Gradus positivus Gradus comparativus Gradus superlativus<br />
iustus, a, um<br />
iust-ior, iust-ius iust-issm-us, a, um<br />
<br />
felix, felicis<br />
felic-ior, felic-ius facil-lm-us, a, um<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
celer, celris, celre celer-ior, celer-ius celer-rmus, a, um<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
faclis, e<br />
facil-ior, facil-ius facil-lm-us, a, um
§ 44. ÑÓÏËÅÒÈÂͲ ÑÒÓÏÅͲ ÏÎвÂÍßÍÍß<br />
ʳëüêà ëàòèíñüêèõ ïðèêìåòíèê³â ïðè óòâîðåíí³ âèùîãî òà<br />
íàéâèùîãî ñòóïåí³â ïîð³âíÿííÿ ïîâí³ñòþ àáî ÷àñòêîâî çì³íþþòü<br />
ñâîþ îñíîâó. Òàê³ ñòóïåí³ ïîð³âíÿííÿ íàçèâàþòüñÿ ñóïëåòèâíèìè<br />
(â³ä 䳺ñëîâà suppleo — ïîïîâíþþ, çàïîâíþþ).<br />
Óòâîðåííÿ ñóïëåòèâíèõ ñòóïåí³â ïîð³âíÿííÿ<br />
Gradus positivus Gradus comparativus Gradus superlativus<br />
bonus, a, um<br />
, <br />
malus, a, um<br />
, <br />
magnus, a, um<br />
<br />
parvus, a, um<br />
<br />
mult, a, <br />
<br />
melior<br />
,<br />
<br />
peior<br />
,<br />
<br />
maior<br />
,<br />
<br />
minor<br />
,<br />
<br />
lurs, plur<br />
<br />
melius<br />
<br />
peius<br />
<br />
maius<br />
<br />
minus<br />
<br />
§ 45. ADVERBIUM<br />
ÏÐÈÑ˲ÂÍÈÊ<br />
optmus, a, um<br />
<br />
pessmus, a, um<br />
<br />
maxmus, a, um<br />
<br />
minmus, a, um<br />
<br />
plurms, a, <br />
<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ³ñíóþòü äâ³ êàòåãî𳿠ïðèñë³âíèê³â: ñàìîñò³éí³<br />
(saepe — ÷àñòî, ubi — äå, semper — çàâæäè òà ³í.) òà<br />
óòâîðåí³ â³ä ïðèêìåòíèê³â øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ ñóô³êñà -å- äî<br />
îñíîâè ïðèêìåòíèê³â I–II â³äì³íè (altus, a, um — âèñîêèé, alt- e —<br />
âèñîêî), ñóô³êñà -îter- äî îñíîâè ïðèêìåòíèê³â III â³äì³íè (fortis, e —<br />
ñèëüíèé, õîðîáðèé, fort- îter — ñèëüíî, õîðîáðî) ³ ñóô³êñà -er-,<br />
ÿêùî îñíîâà ïðèêìåòíèêà çàê³í÷óºòüñÿ íà nt (sapiens, sapientis —<br />
ìóäðèé, sapient- er — ìóäðî).<br />
ßê ïðèñë³âíèê ìîæå âæèâàòèñÿ ôîðìà ïðèêìåòíèêà ñåðåäíüîãî<br />
ðîäó, íàïðèêëàä: primum — ñïî÷àòêó, óïåðøå, facîle — ëåãêî<br />
òà ³í., à òàêîæ ôîðìà Accusativus àáî Ablativus singularis äåÿêèõ<br />
³ìåííèê³â ³ ïðèêìåòíèê³â, íàïðèêëàä: partim — ÷àñòèíîþ, ÷àñòêîâî,<br />
merîto — ïî çàñëóãàõ, casu — âèïàäêîâî, cito — øâèäêî,<br />
brevi — íåçàáàðîì, sero — ï³çíî, falso — ïîìèëêîâî òà ³í.<br />
91
92<br />
§ 46. GRADUS COMPARATIONIS ADVERBIORUM<br />
ÑÒÓÏÅͲ ÏÎвÂÍßÍÍß ÏÐÈÑ˲ÂÍÈʲÂ<br />
Ó ôîðì³ âèùîãî ñòóïåíÿ ïðèñë³âíèê³â, óòâîðåíèõ â³ä ïðèêìåòíèê³â,<br />
âæèâàþòüñÿ çàñòèãë³ ôîðìè ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó âèùîãî<br />
ñòóïåíÿ ïðèêìåòíèê³â: altius — âèùå, sapientius — ìóäð³øå.<br />
Íàéâèùèé ñòóï³íü ïðèñë³âíèê³â óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðè-<br />
ºäíóâàííÿ ñóô³êñà -å- äî îñíîâè íàéâèùîãî ñòóïåíÿ ïðèêìåòíèêà,<br />
íàïðèêëàä: altissîme, sapientissîme.<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
Óòâîðåííÿ ñòóïåí³â ïîð³âíÿííÿ ïðèñë³âíèê³â<br />
Gradus<br />
positivus<br />
long- e<br />
<br />
fort- ter<br />
<br />
sapient- er<br />
<br />
Gradus<br />
comparativus<br />
longius<br />
<br />
fortius<br />
<br />
sapientius<br />
<br />
Gradus<br />
superlativus<br />
longissm- e<br />
<br />
fortissm- e<br />
<br />
sapientissm- e<br />
<br />
I. Óòâîð³òü âèùèé ³ íàéâèùèé ñòóï³íü ïðèêìåòíèê³â:<br />
simplex, pulcher, latus, magnus, levis.<br />
II. Óòâîð³òü â³ä ïðèêìåòíèê³â ïðèñë³âíèêè ³ ¿õ ñòóïåí³ ïîð³âíÿííÿ:<br />
malus, constans, pulcher, utîlis<br />
III. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Lingua celêris est, mens celerior. 2. Sibi imperare<br />
maxîmum imperium est. 3. Optîmus legum interpres consuetudo.<br />
4. Poena gravissîma. 5. Reformatio in peius.<br />
6. Iniuria atrocissîma. 7. Honores mutant mores, sed raro<br />
in meliores. 8. Usus optîmus magister est. 9. Terra maior<br />
est luna, minor sole. 10. Aurum gravius est argento.<br />
11. Aliena vitia melius vident homînes, quam sua. 12. De<br />
mortuis aut bene, aut nihil. 13. Signa Olympiâca: citius,<br />
altius, fortius! 14. A¸r levior est, quam aqua. 15. Omne<br />
initium difficilius est. 16. Via recta brevissîma est. 17. Cicêro<br />
omnium oratorum celerrîmus est. 18. Facilius est<br />
dicêre, quam agêre. 19. Saepe initium difficillius est quam<br />
finis laboris. 20. Meliores, prudentiores, constantiores nos<br />
tempus facit. 21. Est res sanctissîma civilis sapientia (Ulp.).
Ñëîâíèê<br />
22. Multae urbes Galliae, a Caesâre occupatae, divitissîmae<br />
erant. 23. De minîmis non curat lex (praetor). 24. Lex est<br />
tutissîma cassis; sub clypeo legis nemo decipîtur. 25. Naturae<br />
vis maxîma. 26. Optîme; bene; mediocrîter; male;<br />
pessîme. 27. Pares cum parîbus facillîme congregantur<br />
(Cic). 28. Posteriore testamento, quod iure factum est,<br />
superius rumpîtur.<br />
2. sibi (dat. sing.) çâîðîòíèé çàéìåííèê sui; maximus — superl.<br />
äî magnus; optimus — superl. äî bonus.<br />
3. interpres, êtis m, f — òëóìà÷, òëóìà÷êà; consuetudo, înis f —<br />
ïðàêòèêà, çâè÷êà.<br />
5. reformatio, onis f — çì³íà; peior, peius — comparat. äî malus.<br />
7. honor, oris m — ïî÷åñòü; íàãîðîäà, âèíàãîðîäà; mos, moris<br />
m — âäà÷à; melior, ius — comparat. äî bonus.<br />
9. maior, maius — comparat. äî magnus; minor, minus —<br />
comparat. äî parvus; sol, solis m — ñîíöå; luna, ae f — ì³ñÿöü.<br />
10. aurum, i n — çîëîòî; gravis, e — âàæêèé; argentum, i n —<br />
cð³áëî.<br />
11. vitium, i n — âàäà; suus, a, um — ñâ³é;<br />
12. mortuus, a, um — ìåðòâèé; aut — ÷è, àáî; bene — äîáðå;<br />
nihil — í³÷îãî.<br />
13. signum, i n — çíàê, ãàñëî; Olympiâcus, a, um — îë³ìï³éñüêèé;<br />
citus, a, um — øâèäêèé; altus, a, um — âèñîêèé;<br />
fortis, e — ñèëüíèé.<br />
21. sanctus, a, um — ñâÿòèé, íåäîòîðêàííèé; sapientia, ae f —<br />
ðîçóì, ðîçâàæëèâ³ñòü, ìóäð³ñòü, çíàííÿ.<br />
22. multus, a, um — ÷èñëåííèé; urbs, urbis f — ì³ñòî; Gallia, ae f<br />
— Ãàëë³ÿ, êðà¿íà, ðîçòàøîâàíà íà òåðèòî𳿠íèí³øíüî¿<br />
Ôðàíö³¿, Áåëü㳿, ϳâí³÷íî¿ ²òà볿, Ëþêñåìáóðãó, ïî÷àñòè<br />
ͳäåðëàíä³â ³ Øâåéöàð³¿; Caesar, âris m — Öåçàð, ðîäîâå ³ì’ÿ<br />
ðîäó Þ볿â (gens Julia), çãîäîì òèòóë ïðèíöåïñîâ, ç ÷àñ³â Àäð³àíà<br />
òàêîæ òèòóë ñïàäêîºìö³â òðîíó; dives, divîtis — áàãàòèé.<br />
23. minî mus, a, um — superl. äî parvus; curo, avi, atum,<br />
are ï³êëóâàòèñÿ.<br />
24. tutus, a, um — áåçïå÷íèé, íàä³éíèé; cassis, idis f — øîëîì;<br />
sub (ç abl.) — ï³ä; clypeus (clipeus), i m — ùèò, çàõèñò;<br />
decipio, cepi, ceptum, êre — ââîäèòè â îìàíó, îáìàíþâàòè.<br />
27. par, paris — ð³âíèé; congrêgo, avi, atum, are — çáèðàòè,<br />
ç’ºäíóâàòè.<br />
28. posterior,ius — ï³çí³øèé, íàñòóïíèé; testamentum, i, n —<br />
òåñòàìåíò (çàïîâ³ò); factum est — perf. ind. pas. â³ä facio,<br />
feci, factum, erê — ðîáèòè; superior, ins — ïîïåðåäí³é;<br />
rumpo, rupi, ruptum, êre — ðâàòè, ðîçðèâàòè.<br />
93
94<br />
CAPITIS DEMINUTIO<br />
Capîtis deminutionis tria genêra sunt: maxîma, media, minîma.<br />
Nam tria habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Si libertatem<br />
amittîmus, maxîma est capîtis deminutio. Si libertatem retinemus, sed<br />
civitatem amittîmus, media est capîtis deminutio. Si et libertas et civîtas<br />
retinentur, familia tantum mutatur, minîma est capîtis deminutio.<br />
(Digesta)<br />
caput, îtis n — ïðàâîçäàòí³ñòü;<br />
deminutio, onis f — îáìåæåííÿ;<br />
caput âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ òðüîìà ñòàíàìè — status, us m;<br />
status libertatis — ñòàí âîë³ — libertas, atis f;<br />
status civitatis — ñòàí ãðîìàäÿíñòâà — civitas, atis f;<br />
status familiae — ñ³ìåéíèé ñòàí — familia, ae f; (ïîçáàâëåííÿ àáî<br />
çì³íà îäíîãî ç öèõ ñòàí³â (caput deminutio) ñïðè÷èíÿëî ïðèïèíåííÿ àáî<br />
çì³íó îáñÿãó ÷è çì³ñòó ïðàâîçäàòíîñò³);<br />
genus, êris n — ð³ä, êàòåãîð³ÿ;<br />
maxîmus, a um — íàéá³ëüøèé;<br />
medius, a, um — ñåðåäí³é;<br />
minîmus, a, um — íàéìåíøèé;<br />
amitto, misi, missum, êre — óòðà÷àòè, ïîçáóâàòèñÿ;<br />
retineo, tinui, tentum, ere — óòðèìóâàòè, çáåð³ãàòè;<br />
tantum — ò³ëüêè.<br />
DE EFFRACTURIS<br />
Effracturae fiunt plerumque in insûlis in horreisque, ubi homînes<br />
pretiosissîmam partem fortunarum suarum reponunt, cum vel cella<br />
effringîtur, vel armarium, vel arca. Et custodes [tunc] plerumque<br />
puniuntur.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
effractura, ae f — çëîì, êðàä³æêà ç³ çëîìîì;<br />
fio, factus sum, fiêri — ðîáèòèñÿ, â³äáóâàòèñÿ;<br />
plerumque — ó á³ëüøîñò³ âèïàäê³â, ïåðåâàæíî;<br />
insûla, ae f — òóò: ïîìåøêàííÿ;<br />
horreum, i n — êîìîðà, ñêëàä;<br />
ubi — äå;<br />
pretiosus, a, um — êîøòîâíèé;<br />
pars, partis f — ÷àñòèíà;<br />
fortunae, arum f — ìàéíî, ñòàí;<br />
suus, sua, suum — ñâ³é;<br />
repono, posui, positum, êre — â³äêëàäàòè, çáåð³ãàòè, êëàñòè íà çáåðåæåííÿ;<br />
cum (ïðèéìåííèê ç abl.) — ç;<br />
cum (ñïîëó÷íèê) — òîä³, òîìó ùî, îñê³ëüêè;<br />
vel — àáî, ÷è ... ÷è; ÿê;<br />
cella, ae f — ê³ìíàòêà, êîìîðà;
effringo, fregi, fractum, êre — âèëàìóâàòè, çëàìóâàòè;<br />
armarium, i n — øàôà; acra, ae f — ñêðèíÿ, øóõëÿäà, ñêðèíüêà;<br />
custos, odis m (f) – ñòîðîæ, äîãëÿäà÷;<br />
tunc — òîä³;<br />
punio, ivi, itum, ire — íàêàçóâàòè, êàðàòè.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Lucius Annaeus Senêca Iunior<br />
Ëóö³é Àííåé Ñåíåêà Ìîëîäøèé (4 àáî 5 ð. äî í. å. — 65 ð. í. å.)<br />
Ñåíåêà íàðîäèâñÿ â ì. Êîðäóáà (Êîðäîâà) â ²ñïàí³¿ â ðîäèí³<br />
â³äîìîãî ðèòîðà. Îäåðæàâ ïðåêðàñíó îñâ³òó â Ðèì³. Çà ó÷àñòü ó<br />
ïðèäâîðíèõ ³íòðèãàõ ³ìïåðàòîðîì Êëàâ䳺ì áóâ çàñëàíèé íà<br />
îñòð³â Êðèò. Ó 49 ð. Àãðèï³íà, äðóæèíà ïîìåðëîãî Êëàâä³ÿ, ïîâåðòàº<br />
Ñåíåêó ç çàñëàííÿ ³ äîðó÷ຠéîìó âèõîâàííÿ ñâîãî ñèíà<br />
Íåðîíà. Ó 65 ð. Ñåíåêà çâèíóâà÷óºòüñÿ ó çìîâ³ ç ϳçîíîì ³ çà<br />
ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿì Íåðîíà ïîê³í÷èâ æèòòÿ ñàìîãóáñòâîì.<br />
Ñåíåêà âèÿâèâ ñåáå áëèñêó÷èì îðàòîðîì, ùå çà ÷àñ³â Êàëë³ãóëè<br />
âèñòóïàâ ç ïðî<strong>ìîâà</strong>ìè â ñåíàò³. Äî íàøîãî ÷àñó ä³éøëè éîãî<br />
ë³òåðàòóðí³ òâîðè: òðàãå䳿, ñàòèðà, åï³ãðàìè, ëèñòè, ô³ëîñîôñüê³<br />
òà íàóêîâ³ ïðàö³. ßêùî éîãî äðàìàòè÷í³ òâîðè íå ìîæíà ïîñòàâèòè<br />
â îäèí ðÿä ³ç êðàùèìè òâîðàìè äàâíüîãðåöüêî¿ äðàìàòóð㳿,<br />
òî ô³ëîñîô³ÿ áóëà ñïðàâæí³ì ïîêëèêàííÿì Ñåíåêè.<br />
Ó ñåðåäí³ â³êè òðàãå䳿 Ñåíåêè ìàëè âåëèêó ïîïóëÿðí³ñòü ó<br />
çâ’ÿçêó ç áëèçüê³ñòþ éîãî ñòî¿÷íî¿ åòèêè äî åòèêè õðèñòèÿíñüêî¿<br />
(Ñåíåêà çàêëèêàâ óñ³ ñèëè ëþäèíè çîñåðåäæóâàòè íà ñàìîâäîñêîíàëåíí³).<br />
Òâîðè Ñåíåêè âïëèíóëè íà äðàìàòóðã³â ôðàíöóçüêîãî<br />
êëàñèöèçìó (Êîðíåëü «Åä³ï» ³ «Ìåäåÿ», Ðàñ³í «Ôåäðà», Ïðàäîí<br />
«Ôåäðà»).<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Cognomen — ðîäîâå ³ì’ÿ, òðåòÿ ÷àñòèíà ðèìñüêîãî ³ìåí³.<br />
Ïîâíå ³ì’ÿ ãðîìàäÿíèíà ñêëàäàëîñÿ ñïî÷àòêó ç îñîáèñòîãî ³ìåí³,<br />
ðîäîâîãî ³ìåí³, ïð³çâèñüêà — praenomen, nomen, cognomen. Íàïðèê³íö³<br />
Ðåñïóáë³êè ³ íà ïî÷àòêó ³ìïå𳿠äîäàâàëè ùå ïî áàòüêîâ³<br />
(ñèí òàêîãî-òî) ³ íàçâó òðèáè, äî ÿêî¿ íàëåæàâ — filius, tribus.<br />
Íàïðèêëàä, ïîâíå ³ì’ÿ Öèöåðîíà áóëî: Marcus (praenomen) Tullius<br />
(nomen) M[arci] f[ilius] Corneliana (tribus) Cicêro (cognômen).<br />
Îñîáèñòèõ ³ìåí ó ðèìëÿí áóëî íåáàãàòî, ³ òîìó âîíè çâè÷àéíî<br />
ïèñàëèñÿ ñêîðî÷åíî:<br />
A. — Aulus — Àâë;<br />
95
G. — Gaius — Ãàé;<br />
Gn. — Gnaeus — Ãíåé;<br />
D. — Decîmus — Äåö³ì;<br />
L. — Lucius — Ëóö³é;<br />
M. — Marcus — Ìàðê;<br />
M’. — Manius — Ìàí³é;<br />
N. — Numerius — Íóìåð³é;<br />
P. — Publius — Ïóáë³é;<br />
Q. — Quintus — Êâ³íò;<br />
S. àáî Sex. — Sextus — Ñåêñò;<br />
Sp. — Spurius — Ñïóð³é;<br />
Ti. àáî Tib. — Tiberius — Òèáåð³é;<br />
T. — Titus — Ò³ò.<br />
Ƴíêà â Äàâíüîìó Ðèì³ íå ìàëà ïîë³òè÷íèõ ïðàâ, íå ìàëà é<br />
îô³ö³éíîãî ³ìåí³: ¿é íàäàâàëè ³ì’ÿ â ïîáóò³ ç ïðèºäíàííÿì ó ðîäîâîìó<br />
â³äì³íêó ³ìåí³ áàòüêà àáî ÷îëîâ³êà, ï³ä âëàäîþ ÿêîãî âîíà<br />
ïåðåáóâàëà: äî÷êà ÷è äðóæèíà òàêîãî-òî.<br />
ARS<br />
Ñòàòóÿ êàï³òîë³éñüêî¿ âîâ÷èö³<br />
(Ðèì, ïàëàööî Êîíñåðâàòîð³â, ê³íåöü<br />
VI — ïî÷àòîê V ñò. äî í. å.) â³äëèòà,<br />
ÿê ââàæàþòü äåÿê³ â÷åí³, â³äîìèì åòðóñüêèì<br />
ìàéñòðîì Âóëêîé. Âîíà áóëà<br />
ïîñòàâëåíà íà Êàï³òîë³éñüêîìó ïàãîðá³<br />
â îçíàìåíóâàííÿ äëÿ Ðèìà âåëèêî¿<br />
ïî䳿 — ïîâàëåííÿ åòðóñüêèõ öàð³â.<br />
96
LECTIO XV (QUINTA DECIMA)<br />
§ 47. VERBA ANOMALA<br />
ÍÅÏÐÀÂÈËÜͲ IJªÑËÎÂÀ<br />
Íåïðàâèëüí³ ä³ºñëîâà — öå 䳺ñëîâà, ôîðìè ÿêèõ óòâîðþþòüñÿ<br />
â³ä ð³çíèõ îñíîâ ³ ìàþòü ïåâí³ â³äõèëåííÿ â³ä çàãàëüíèõ íîðì<br />
â³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñë³â. Äî íåïðàâèëüíèõ 䳺ñë³â íàëåæàòü (ç ïîõ³äíèìè<br />
â³ä íèõ):<br />
sum, fui, –, esse — áóòè;<br />
fero, tuli, latum, ferre — íåñòè;<br />
volo, volui, –, velle — áàæàòè;<br />
eo, ii, itum, ire — éòè;<br />
edo, edi, esum, edêre (àáî esse) — ¿ñòè;<br />
fio, factus sum, fiêri — ðîáèòèñÿ, ñòàâàòè, â³äáóâàòèñÿ.<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ íåïðàâèëüíèõ 䳺ñë³â<br />
ó praesens indicativi activi:<br />
<br />
ire<br />
<br />
firi<br />
<br />
edre<br />
<br />
§ 48. IJªÑËÎÂÀ, ÑÊËÀÄͲ Ç ESSE<br />
ferre<br />
<br />
1 eo fio edo fero<br />
2 is fis edis fers<br />
3 it fit edit fert<br />
1 imus — edmus fermus<br />
2 itis — edtis fertis<br />
3 eunt fiunt edunt ferunt<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ÷àñòî âæèâàþòüñÿ 䳺ñëîâà, óòâîðåí³ çà äîïîìîãîþ<br />
ïðåô³êñ³â òà 䳺ñëîâà sum, fui, —, esse. Íàéóæèâàí³ø³ ç íèõ:<br />
ab-sum, a-fui, –, ab-esse — áóòè â³äñóòí³ì, áóòè íà<br />
â³äñòàí³;<br />
ad-sum, ad-fui (affui), – , ad-esse — áóòè ïðèñóòí³ì, äîïîìàãàòè;<br />
de-sum, de-fui, – , de-esse — áðàêóâàòè, íå âèñòà÷àòè;<br />
inter-sum, inter-fui, – , inter-esse — çíàõîäèòèñÿ ñåðåä<br />
÷îãî-íåáóäü, áðàòè ó÷àñòü;<br />
prae-sum, prae-fui, – , prae-esse — áóòè ïîïåðåäó, áóòè<br />
íà ÷îë³;<br />
97
pro-sum, pro-fui, –, pro-desse — áóòè êîðèñíèì, äîïîìàãàòè.<br />
Ïðè â³äì³íþâàíí³ öèõ 䳺ñë³â çì³íþºòüñÿ ò³ëüêè ¿õíÿ 䳺ñë³âíà<br />
÷àñòèíà. Äëÿ ïðèêëàäó ïðîâ³äì³íÿºìî 䳺ñëîâî absum ó<br />
praesens: absum, abes, abest, absûmus, abestis, absunt.<br />
§ 49. IJªÑËÎÂÎ POSSUM, POTUI, — , POSSE<br />
ijºñëîâî possum, potui, – , posse — ìîãòè, áóòè ñïðîìîæíèì íàëåæèòü<br />
äî ñêëàäíèõ 䳺ñë³â ç esse, àëå, íà â³äì³íó â³ä 䳺ñë³â, óòâîðåíèõ<br />
øëÿõîì ïðåô³êñàö³¿, âîíî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç îñíîâè -pot- (â³ä íåâ³äì³íþâàíîãî<br />
ïðèêìåòíèêà potis — ìîãóòí³é, ïîòóæíèé) ³ 䳺ñëîâà esse.<br />
Íàâåäåìî ïðèêëàä â³äì³íþâàííÿ öüîãî 䳺ñëîâà â ä³éñíîìó ñïîñîá³.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ â ÷àñàõ ñèñòåìè ³íôåêòà ³ ïåðôåêòà<br />
ä³éñíîãî ñïîñîáó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó<br />
<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
§ 50. IJªÑËÎÂÀ VOLO, NOLO, MALO<br />
Ó ÒÅÏÅвØÍÜÎÌÓ ×ÀѲ<br />
ijºñëîâà volo, volui, – , velle — õîò³òè, áàæàòè ³ ïîõ³äí³ â³ä<br />
íüîãî nolo, nolui, –, nolle — íå õîò³òè; malo, malui, –, malle —<br />
âîë³òè, â³ääàâàòè ïåðåâàãó º íåïðàâèëüíèìè. Íàâåäåìî ïðèêëàäè<br />
â³äì³íþâàííÿ öèõ 䳺ñë³â ó praesens indicativi activi.<br />
98<br />
Praesens Imperfectum Futurum I Perfectum<br />
lusquamperfectum<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ ó praesens indicativi activi<br />
Futurum II<br />
1 possum potram potro potui poturam poturo<br />
2 potes potras potris potusti poturas poturis<br />
3 potest potrat potrit potuit poturat poturit<br />
1 possmus poteramus potermus potumus potueramus potuermus<br />
2 potestis poteratis potertis potuistis potueratis potuertis<br />
3 possunt potrant potrunt potuerunt poturant poturint<br />
o velle<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
nolle<br />
<br />
1 volo nolo malo<br />
malle<br />
<br />
<br />
2 vis non vis mavis<br />
3 vult non vult mavult<br />
1 volmus nolmus malmus<br />
2 vultis non vultis mavultis<br />
3 volunt nolunt malunt
§ 51. VERBA DEPONENTIA ET SEMIDEPONENTIA<br />
²ÄÊËÀÄͲ ² ÍÀϲ²ÄÊËÀÄͲ IJªÑËÎÂÀ<br />
³äêëàäí³ ä³ºñëîâà — öå 䳺ñëîâà, ùî ìàþòü óñ³ ôîðìè ïàñèâíîãî<br />
ñòàíó, à çíà÷åííÿ àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó, òîáòî çíà÷åííÿ í³áè<br />
â³äêëàäàºòüñÿ, â³äõèëÿºòüñÿ â³ä ïàñèâíîãî çì³ñòó.<br />
³äêëàäí³ ä³ºñë³âà ó ñëîâíèêó çàïèñóþòüñÿ ó òðüîõ ôîðìàõ:<br />
1. Ïåðøà îñîáà îäíèíè praesens indicativi activi.<br />
2. Ïåðøà îñîáà îäíèíè perfectum indicativi activi (ñêëàäàºòüñÿ<br />
ç participium perfecti passivi ³ 䳺ñëîâà esse ó praesens indicativi<br />
activi).<br />
3. Infinitivus praesentis passivi.<br />
Íàïðèêëàä:<br />
patior, passus sum, pati — òåðï³òè, äîçâîëÿòè;<br />
utor, usus sum, uti — êîðèñòàòèñÿ, êîðèñòóâàòèñÿ;<br />
arbitror, arbitratus sum, arbitrari — äóìàòè;<br />
loquor, locutus sum, loqui — ãîâîðèòè;<br />
nascor, natus sum, nasci — íàðîäæóâàòèñÿ;<br />
fateor, fassus sum, fateri — âèçíàâàòè.<br />
Íàï³ââ³äêëàäí³ ä³ºñëîâà â ÷àñàõ ñèñòåìè ³íôåêòà ìàþòü ôîðìè<br />
àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó, à â ÷àñàõ ñèñòåìè ïåðôåêòà — ôîðìè ïàñèâíîãî<br />
ñòàíó àáî íàâïàêè, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
gaudeo, gavisus sum, gaudere — ðàä³òè;<br />
confido, confisus sum, confidêre — äîâ³ðÿòè;<br />
diffido, diffisus sum, diffidêre — íå äîâ³ðÿòè;<br />
revertor, reverti, vertus sum, reverti — ïîâåðòàòèñÿ;<br />
audeo, ausus sum, audere — íàâàæóâàòèñÿ, íàñì³ëþâàòèñÿ.<br />
Ó â³äêëàäíèõ 䳺ñë³â ôîðìà imperativus praesentis singularis<br />
óòâîðþºòüñÿ, íà â³äì³íó â³ä çàãàëüíîãî ïðàâèëà, øëÿõîì ïðè-<br />
ºäíóâàííÿ çàê³í÷åííÿ -re äî îñíîâè ³íôåêòà, äëÿ óòâîðåííÿ<br />
imperativus praesentis pluralis äî îñíîâè ³íôåêòà ïðèºäíóºòüñÿ<br />
çàê³í÷åííÿ -mîni, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Arbitrare! — Äóìàé! Arbitramîni! — Äóìàéòå!<br />
Fatere! — Âèçíàé! Fatemîni! — Âèçíàéòå!<br />
§ 52. VERBA DEFECTIVA<br />
ÍÅÄÎÑÒÀÒͲ IJªÑËÎÂÀ<br />
Äî íåäîñòàòí³õ 䳺ñë³â íàëåæàòü:<br />
1. ijºñëîâà, ùî ìàþòü ò³ëüêè ÷àñè ñèñòåìè ïåðôåêòà:<br />
coepi, coeptum, coepisse — ïî÷èíàòè;<br />
99
memîni, –, meminisse — ïàì’ÿòàòè;<br />
odi, –, odisse — íåíàâèä³òè.<br />
2. ijºñëîâà aio — ñòâåðäæóâàòè, ãîâîðèòè; inquam — ãîâîðèòè<br />
é ³íø³, â³ä ÿêèõ âæèâàþòüñÿ ò³ëüêè äåÿê³ ôîðìè.<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
100<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ íåäîñòàòí³õ 䳺ñë³â:<br />
Perfectum<br />
1 coepi memni<br />
’<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
2 coepisti meministi odisti<br />
3 coepit memnit odit<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñë³â:<br />
odi<br />
<br />
1 coepmus meminmus odmus<br />
2 coepistis meministis odistis<br />
3 coeperunt meminerunt oderunt<br />
Praesens<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
1 aio<br />
,<br />
<br />
inquam<br />
<br />
2 ais inquis<br />
3 ait inquit<br />
1 — —<br />
2 — —<br />
3 aiunt inquiunt<br />
I. Âèçíà÷òå ôîðìó 䳺ñë³â:<br />
absunt, abest, praeerat, interfuit, deerunt, prodestis, possunt,<br />
potuerunt, victi erunt.<br />
II. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Facta loquuntur. 2. Actor et reus adsunt, sed testes<br />
absunt. 3. Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. 4. Non<br />
progrêdi, est regrêdi. 5. Ut arbitratur, ita loquîtur idem est,<br />
quod «ut putat, ita dicit». 6. Nolo contendêre. 7. Nemo fit<br />
casu bonus. 8. Aut fraude, aut vi fit iniurias. 9. Si vis pacem,<br />
para bellum. 10. Memîni mei amici. 11. Nunc aiunt, quod
Ñëîâíèê<br />
tum negabant. 12 Nemo in sua causa iudex esse potest.<br />
13. Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscêre causas (Verg.).<br />
14. Audentes fortuna iuvat. 15. Amor, ut lacrîma ab ocûlo<br />
orîtur, in cor cadit. 16. Cum clara dies stella fugavêrit,<br />
Aeneas socios suos advocavit et sua consilia his fatus est.<br />
17. Audire disce, si nescis loqui. 18. Aestate terra florîbus,<br />
herbis et fronde arborum vestita est, hiême — tantum nive.<br />
19. Simîlis simîli gaudet. 20. Ius publîcum privatorum<br />
pactis mutari non potest. 21. Omnis obligatio vel ex<br />
contractu nascîtur, vel ex delicto. 22. Cogitationis poenam<br />
nemo patîtur. 23. Ius gentium est, quo gentes humanae<br />
utuntur (Ulp.). 24. Factum infectum fiêri nequit.<br />
2. actor, oris m — ïîçèâà÷; adsum, adfui, –, adesse — áóòè<br />
ïðèñóòí³ì, ïðèõîäèòè; absum, abfui, –, abesse — áóòè<br />
â³äñóòí³ì.<br />
3. dulcis, e — ñîëîäêèé, ïðèºìíèé; decor, oris m — ïðèñòîéí³ñòü;<br />
êðàñà.<br />
4. progredior, gressus sum, gredi — ðóõàòèñÿ âïåðåä; regredior,<br />
gressus sum, gredi — ïîâåðòàòèñÿ íàçàä, â³äñòóïàòè.<br />
5. ut — ÿê; arbitror, arbitratus sum, arbitrari — äóìàòè; ita —<br />
òàê; idem — òîé ñàìèé; puto, avi, atum, are — äóìàòè; dico,<br />
dixi, dictum, êre — ãîâîðèòè.<br />
6. contendo, tendi, tentum, êre — çàïåðå÷óâàòè; nemo — í³õòî.<br />
7. fio, factus sum, fiêri — ñòàâàòè; casus, us m — âèïàäîê,<br />
ì³íëèâ³ñòü.<br />
8. fraus, fraudis f — îáìàí, íåïðàâäà; vi â³ä vis f — ñèëà, íàñèëüñòâî.<br />
9. pacem — pax, pacis f — ìèð.<br />
10. nunc — çàðàç, òåïåð; tum — òîä³; nego, avi, atum, are —<br />
çàïåðå÷óâàòè.<br />
13. felix, icis — ùàñëèâèé; potuit — äèâ.: possum; cognosco,<br />
novi, nitum, êre — ï³çíàâàòè.<br />
14. audentes (nom. pl. part. praes. act.) â³ä audeo, ausus sum,<br />
audere — îñì³ëþâàòèñÿ, íàâàæóâàòèñÿ.<br />
15. lacrîma, ae f — ñëüîçà; ocûlus, i m — îêî; orior, ortus sum,<br />
iri — ç’ÿâëÿòèñÿ, ïî÷èíàòèñÿ; cor, cordis n — ñåðöå;<br />
cado,cecîdi, casum, êre — ïàäàòè.<br />
16. fugio, fugi, fugiturus, êre — á³ãòè, ò³êàòè; Aeneas, ae, m —<br />
Åíåé; socius, i m — ñï³ëüíèê, ñîþçíèê; advoco, avi, atum,<br />
are — ïðèçèâàòè; fatus est â³ä for, fatus sum, fari — â³ùóâàòè,<br />
ïåðåäáà÷àòè, ïðîðîêóâàòè.<br />
17. disco, didîci, –, êre — âèâ÷àòè, ó÷èòèñÿ; nescio, scivi, scitum,<br />
ire — íå âì³òè, íå çíàòè.<br />
101
102<br />
18. aestas, atis f — ë³òî; flos, floris m — êâ³òêà; herba, ae f —<br />
òðàâà; frons, frondis f — ëèñòÿ, ëèñòè, çåëåíü; arbor, oris f<br />
— äåðåâî; vestio, ivi, itum, ire — ïîêðèâàòè, âäÿãàòè; hiems,<br />
hiêmis f — çèìà; nix, nivis f — ñí³ã.<br />
20. privatorum pactis — äîãîâîðîì ïðèâàòíèõ îñ³á.<br />
21. nascor, natus sum, nasci — íàðîäæóâàòèñÿ, â³äáóâàòèñÿ, âèíèêàòè.<br />
22. cogitatio, onis f — äóìêà, íàì³ð; patior, passus sum, pati —<br />
òóò: íåñòè.<br />
23. utor, usus sum, uti — êîðèñòàòèñÿ, âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè.<br />
24. infectus, a, um — íåçðîáëåíèé, íåäîñêîíàëèé; nequeo, ivi<br />
(ii), itum, ire — íå ìàòè çìîãè, íå ìàòè ìîæëèâîñò³.<br />
DE IMPERIO ET IURISDICTIONE<br />
Imperium aut merum aut mixtum est. Merum est imperium —<br />
habere gladii potestatem ad animadvertendum facinorosos homînes,<br />
quod etiam potestas appellatur. Mixtum est imperium, cui etiam<br />
iurisdictio inest, quod in danda bonorum possessione consistit.<br />
Iurisdictio est etiam iudîcis dandi licentia.<br />
merus, a, um — ÷èñòèé;<br />
mixtus, a, um — çì³øàíèé;<br />
potestas gladii — áóêâ.: âëàäà ìå÷à;<br />
animadverto, verti, versum, êre — çâåðòàòè óâàãó, êàðàòè;<br />
facinorosus, a, um — çëî÷èííèé, ñõèëüíèé äî çëî÷èíó;<br />
insum, infui, –, inesse — áóòè âëàñòèâèì (áóäü-÷îìó), ì³ñòèòèñÿ;<br />
licentia, ae f — ìîæëèâ³ñòü, ïðàâî;<br />
iudîcem dare — ïðèçíà÷àòè ñóääþ.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Gaius Iulius Caesar<br />
Ãàé Þë³é Öåçàð (100–44 ðð. äî í. å.)<br />
Âèäàòíèé äåðæàâíèé ä³ÿ÷, ïîëêîâîäåöü, îðàòîð, ïèñüìåííèê,<br />
ó ãàëóç³ ïðàâà çä³éñíèâ âàæëèâ³ ðåôîðìè — lex Iulia (çàêîí<br />
Þë³ÿ). Çà äîïîìîãîþ âîºííî¿ äèêòàòóðè íàìàãàâñÿ çàïîá³ãòè<br />
êðèç³ ðàáîâëàñíèöüêîãî ñóñï³ëüñòâà. Áóäó÷è ïîïåðåäíèêîì Àâãóñòà,<br />
ï³äãîòóâàâ øëÿõ ïðèíöèïàòó.<br />
Öåçàð ïîõîäèâ ³ç äàâíüîãî ïàòðèö³àíñüêîãî ðîäó Þ볿â.<br />
 58–49 ðð. çàâîéîâóº Ãàëë³þ. ϳñëÿ ãðîìàäÿíñüêî¿ â³éíè, ó<br />
õîä³ ÿêî¿ áóëà çíèùåíà ñåíàòñüêà ïàðò³ÿ, âñòàíîâëþºòüñÿ âîºííà<br />
äèêòàòóðà Öåçàðÿ. Ó 44 ð. Öåçàð áóâ óáèòèé ó ñåíàò³ ïðèõèëüíèêàìè<br />
ðåñïóáë³êè íà ÷îë³ ç Áðóòîì ³ Êàññ³ºì.
Äî íàñ ïîâí³ñòþ ä³éøëè ãîëîâí³ òâîðè Öåçàðÿ «Íîòàòêè ïðî<br />
ãàëëüñüêó â³éíó (Commentarii de bello Gallico) ó ñåìè êíèãàõ ³<br />
«Íîòàòêè ïðî ãðîìàäÿíñüêó â³éíó» (Commentarii de bello civili)<br />
ó òðüîõ êíèãàõ. Éîãî òâîðè íàïèñàí³ ïðîñòîþ, ÷³òêîþ ³ ëàêîí³÷íîþ<br />
ìîâîþ.<br />
Îáðàç Öåçàðÿ ïðèâåðòàâ óâàãó çàõ³äíîºâðîïåéñüêèõ ïèñüìåííèê³â<br />
(Øåêñï³ð, Âîëüòåð).<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Caesar — ðîäîâå ³ì’ÿ ðîäó Þ볿â (gens Iulia), çãîäîì òèòóë<br />
ïðèíöåïñ³â, ç ÷àñ³â Àäð³àíà — òèòóë ñïàäêîºìö³â òðîíó.<br />
Gallia — Ãàëë³ÿ, òåðèòîð³ÿ (â îñíîâíîìó â³äïîâ³äຠñó÷àñí³é<br />
Ôðàíö³¿) ì³æ Àëüïàìè, ϳðåíåÿìè, Àòëàíòè÷íèì îêåàíîì ³ Ðåéíîì,<br />
ðîçä³ëåíà íà ÷îòèðè ðèìñüê³ ïðîâ³íö³¿: G.Narbonensis,<br />
G.Lugdunensis, Aquitania, Belgica.<br />
Roma — Ðèì, ñèíîí³ì urbs, ñòîëèöÿ ðèìñüêî¿ äåðæàâè äî<br />
330 ð. í. å., ïîò³ì íàçèâàâñÿ altêra urbs (â³÷íå ì³ñòî),vetus Roma (ñòàðèé<br />
Ðèì) íà â³äì³íó â³ä Roma nova (íîâîãî Ðèìó) — Constantinopolis<br />
(Êîíñòàíòèíîïîëü).<br />
Aquîla — îðåë; avis Romana — ðèìñüêèé ïòàõ.<br />
ARS<br />
Ãàðäñüêèé ì³ñò, II ñò. í. å.<br />
×óäîâèì ³íæåíåðíèì é ó òîé æå<br />
÷àñ õóäîæí³ì ïàì’ÿòíèêîì II ñò.<br />
í. å. º Ãàðäñüêèé ì³ñò íà ï³âäí³<br />
Ôðàíö³¿, ó áàãàò³é ³ êâ³òó÷³é<br />
ðèìñüê³é ïðîâ³íö³¿ Ãàë볿. Âåëè÷íà<br />
³ ãàðìîí³éíà ñïîðóäà º<br />
÷àñòèíîþ Íèìñüêîãî àêâåäóêà,<br />
ùî ïðîñòÿãíóâñÿ íà 50 êì ³ ìàº<br />
âèñîòó áëèçüêî 50 ì. Ïîáóäîâàíèé<br />
³ç çîëîòèñòîãî êàìåíþ ì³ñò — ïðåêðàñíèé âèòâ³ð ëþäñüêî¿<br />
äóìêè, ùî ïîºäíàâ ³íæåíåðíèé ðîçðàõóíîê ³ âèìîãè åñòåòè÷íîãî<br />
ñìàêó. «Âèä ö³º¿ ïðîñòî¿ ³ øëÿõåòíî¿ ñïîðóäè, — ïèøå Æàí-<br />
Æàê Ðóññî, — âðàçèâ ìåíå ùå ñèëüí³øå, òîìó ùî âîíà çíàõîäèòüñÿ<br />
ñåðåä ïóñòåë³, äå òèøà ³ ñàì³òí³ñòü ðîáëÿòü ïàì’ÿòíèê ùå á³ëüø<br />
ïðèãîëîìøëèâèì, à çàõîïëåííÿ íèì ñèëüí³øèì».<br />
103
LECTIO XVI (SEXTA DECIMA)<br />
104<br />
§ 53. ²Ä̲ÍÞÂÀÍÍß ×ÈÑ˲ÂÍÈʲÂ<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ º ê³ëüê³ñí³ ÷èñë³âíèêè (numeralia cardinalia),<br />
ïîðÿäêîâ³ (ordinalia), ðîçä³ëîâ³ (distributiva), ïðèñë³âíèêîâ³<br />
÷èñë³âíèêè (numeralia adverbialia).<br />
Ïîðÿäêîâ³ ÷èñë³âíèêè â³äì³íþþòüñÿ ÿê ïðèêìåòíèêè I òà II<br />
â³äì³íè.<br />
ʳëüê³ñí³ ÷èñë³âíèêè, ùî ìàþòü îçíàêó ðîäó, òåæ çì³íþþòüñÿ<br />
çà â³äì³íêàìè, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
1 — unus, a, um (çà I òà II â³äì³íîþ);<br />
2 — duo, duae, duo (çà I òà II â³äì³íîþ);<br />
3 — tres, tria (çà III â³äì³íîþ).<br />
×èñë³âíèê mille (òèñÿ÷à) â³äì³íþºòüñÿ ò³ëüêè â pluralis.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ ê³ëüê³ñíèõ ÷èñë³âíèê³â<br />
m f n m f n m, f n n<br />
Nom. unus -a -um duo -ae -o tres tria milia<br />
Gen. unius duorum -arum -orum trium milium<br />
Dat. uni duobus -abus -obus tribus milbus<br />
Acc. unum -am -um duos -as -o tres tria milia<br />
Abl. uno -a -o duobus -abus -obus tribus milbus<br />
Ðîçä³ëîâ³ ÷èñë³âíèêè ³ ïðèñë³âíèêîâ³ ÷èñë³âíèêè óòâîðþþòüñÿ<br />
â³ä â³äïîâ³äíèõ ê³ëüê³ñíèõ, êð³ì ïåðøèõ äâîõ. Ðîçä³ëîâ³ ÷èñë³âíèêè<br />
â³äì³íþþòüñÿ ÿê ïðèêìåòíèêè I òà II â³äì³íè, àëå ò³ëüêè<br />
â pluralis.<br />
Ðîçä³ëîâ³ ÷èñë³âíèêè:<br />
singûli, ae, a — ïî îäíîìó;<br />
bini, ae, a — ïî äâà;<br />
terni, ae, a — ïî òðè;<br />
quaterni, ae, a — ïî ÷îòèðè;<br />
quini, ae, a — ïî ï’ÿòü;<br />
centeni, ae,a — ïî ñòî;<br />
singûla milia — ïî îäí³é òèñÿ÷³.<br />
Ïðèñë³âíèêîâ³ ÷èñë³âíèêè:<br />
semel — îäèí ðàç;<br />
bis — äâ³÷³;<br />
ter — òðè÷³;
quater — ÷îòèðè ðàçè;<br />
quinquies — ï’ÿòü ðàç³â;<br />
centies — ñòî ðàç³â;<br />
milies — òèñÿ÷à ðàç³â.<br />
Óñ³ ÷èñë³âíèêè, ùî çì³íþþòüñÿ çà â³äì³íêàìè, óçãîäæóþòüñÿ<br />
ç ³ìåííèêàìè â ðîä³, ÷èñë³ ³ â³äì³íêó.<br />
Óñ³ ÷èñë³âíèêè, ùî óòâîðþþòü ñêëàäíèé ïîðÿäêîâèé ÷èñë³âíèê,<br />
º ïîðÿäêîâèìè, íà â³äì³íó â³ä óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè, äå ïîðÿäêîâèì<br />
º ò³ëüêè îñòàíí³é; ó òèñÿ÷à äåâ’ÿòñîò òðèäöÿòü ï’ÿòîìó<br />
ðîö³ — anno millesêmo nongentêsimo tricesîmo quinto. Ïîðÿäêîâ³<br />
÷èñë³âíèêè, êðàòí³ òèñÿ÷³, óòâîðþþòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ<br />
äî ñëîâà millesîmus — òèñÿ÷íèé â³äïîâ³äíèõ ïðèñë³âíèêîâèõ<br />
÷èñë³âíèê³â, íàïðèêëàä: ter millesîmus — òðèòèñÿ÷íèé.<br />
§ 54. NUMERALIA CARDINALIA ET ORDINALIA<br />
ʲËÜʲÑͲ ² ÏÎÐßÄÊβ ×ÈÑ˲ÂÍÈÊÈ<br />
<br />
Cardinalia Ordinalia<br />
<br />
1 I unus, a, um primus, a, um<br />
, , , , <br />
2 II duo, duae, duo secundus, a, um (alter, a, um)<br />
, , , , <br />
3 III tres, tria tertius, a, um<br />
4 IV quattuor quartus<br />
5 V quinque quintus<br />
6 VI sex sextus<br />
7 VII septem septmus<br />
8 VIII octo octavus<br />
9 IX novem nonus<br />
10 X decem decmus<br />
11 XI undcim undecmus<br />
12 XII duodcim duodecmus<br />
13 XIII tredcim tertius decmus<br />
14 XIV quattuordcim quartus decmus<br />
15 XV quindcim quintus decmus<br />
16 XVI sedcim sextus decmus<br />
17 XVII septendcim septmus decmus<br />
18 XVIII duodeviginti duodevicesmus<br />
19 XIX undeviginti undevicesmus<br />
20 XX viginti vicesmus<br />
21 XXI unus et viginti unus et vicesmus (vicesmus<br />
(viginti unus) etc. primus) etc.<br />
28 XXVIII duodetriginta duodetricesmus<br />
29 XXIX undetriginta undetricesmus<br />
30 XXX triginta tricesmus<br />
40 XL quadraginta quadragesmus<br />
105
Âïðàâè<br />
I. Ïðîâ³äì³íÿéòå:<br />
tres partes, unus annus, duae puellae formosae.<br />
II. Íàïèø³òü ëàòèíñüêîþ ìîâîþ ÷èñë³âíèêè:<br />
54, 25, 133, 561, 988, 1917, ó 1243 ðîö³, ó 1978 ðîö³, ó<br />
2002 ðîö³.<br />
III. ³ä ÿêèõ ëàòèíñüêèõ ÷èñë³âíèê³â óòâîðåí³ ñëîâà:<br />
óí³ÿ, äóåò, òð³î, êâàðòåò, êâ³íòåò, ñåêñòåò, îêòàâà, öåíòóð³ÿ,<br />
öåíòíåð, â³äñîòîê, òð³óìâ³ðàò, òåðö³ÿ, ñàíòèìåòð,<br />
äåöèìåòð.<br />
IV. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Tres faciunt collegium. 2. Conscientia mille testes.<br />
3. Decem tribuni plebis, consûles duo, decem et octo<br />
praetores, sex aediles in civitate ius reddebant. (Pomponius).<br />
4. Primus inter pares. 5. Testis unus — testis<br />
nullus. 6. Intra quattuor pariêtes. 7. Duo litîgant, tertius<br />
gaudet. 8. Bis dat, qui cito dat. 9. Tertium non datur.<br />
10. Duo, cum faciunt idem, non est idem. 11. Quattuor sunt<br />
anni tempôra: ver, aestas, autumnus, hiems. 12. Gallia est<br />
omnis divisa in partes tres. 13. Duas tantum res popûlus<br />
Romanus optat: panem et circenses. 14. Anno septingentesîmo<br />
septuagesîmo sexto ante aeram nostram in<br />
Graecii prima Olympia constituta sunt. 15. Alexander<br />
Magnus tredêcim annos regnavit. 16. Res nullius cedit<br />
106<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Cardinalia Ordinalia<br />
50 L quinquaginta quinquagesmus<br />
60 LX sexaginta sexagesmus<br />
70 LXX septuaginta septuagesmus<br />
80 LXXX octoginta octogesmus<br />
90 XC nonaginta nonagesmus<br />
100 C centum centesmus<br />
200 CC ducenti, ae, a ducentesmus<br />
300 CCC trecenti, ae, a tercentesmus<br />
400 CD quadringenti, ae, a quadringentesmus<br />
500 D quingenti, ae, a quingentesmus<br />
600 DC sescenti, ae, a sescentesmus<br />
700 DCC septingenti, ae, a septingentesmus<br />
800 DCCC octingenti, ae, a octingentesmus<br />
900 CM nongenti, ae, a nongentesmus<br />
1000 M mille millesmus<br />
2000 MM duo milia bis millesmus
Ñëîâíèê<br />
primo occupanti. 17. Lepôres duos qui insequîtur, is<br />
neutrum capit. 18. Nemo potest domînis parîter servire<br />
duobus.<br />
1. collegium, i n — êîëåã³ÿ.<br />
2. conscientia, ae f — ñîâ³ñòü; testis, is m — ñâ³äîê.<br />
3. tribunus plebis — íàðîäíèé (ïëåáåéñüêèé) òðèáóí; ius<br />
reddêre — ðîçáèðàòè ñïðàâè, âåðøèòè ñóä, ñóäèòè.<br />
6. intra (ç acc.) — óñåðåäèí³; paries, êtis m — ñò³íà.<br />
7. litîgo, avi, atum, are — ñïåðå÷àòèñÿ, ñâàðèòèñÿ, ñóäèòèñÿ;<br />
gaûdeo, gavisus sum, gaudere — ðàä³òè.<br />
11. ver, veris n — âåñíà; autumnus, i m — îñ³íü.<br />
13. opto, avi, atum, are — âèáèðàòè, æàãó÷å áàæàòè; panis, is<br />
m — õë³á; circenses, ium m — âèäîâèùå.<br />
14. aera, ae f — åðà; Olympia, orum n — Îë³ìï³éñüê³ ³ãðè;<br />
constituo, stitui, stitutum, êre — çàñíîâóâàòè.<br />
16. cedo, cessi, cessum, êre — ïåðåõîäèòè ó âëàñí³ñòü ³íøîãî,<br />
ä³ñòàâàòèñÿ.<br />
17. lepus, lepôris m — çàºöü; capio, cepi, captum, êre — áðàòè,<br />
ëîâèòè, ï³éìàòè.<br />
18. domînus,i m — õàçÿ¿í; parîter — ð³âíîþ ì³ðîþ.<br />
RES CORPORALES ET INCORPORALES<br />
Quaedam res corporales sunt, quaedam incorporales. Corporales<br />
hae sunt, quae tangi possunt, velut fundus, homo, vestis, aurum,<br />
argentum et denîque aliae res innumerabîles.<br />
Incorporales sunt quae tangi non possunt, qualia sunt ea, quae in<br />
iure consistunt, velut ius hereditatis, usus-fructus, obligationes.<br />
Nec ad rem pertînet, quod in hereditate res corporales continentur:<br />
nam et fructus, qui ex fundo percipiuntur, corporales sunt, et id, quod<br />
ex alîqua obligatione nobis debetur, plerumque corporale est, velûti<br />
fundus, homo, pecunia.<br />
Nam ipsum ius successionis et ipsum ius utendi-fruendi et ipsum<br />
ius obligationis incorporale est. Eodem numêro sunt iura praediorum<br />
urbanorum et rusticorum, quae etiam servitutes vocantur.<br />
qu³dam, quaedam, quoddam — äåÿêèé;<br />
res corporalis — ð³÷ ìàòåð³àëüíà;<br />
res incorporalis — ð³÷ íåìàòåð³àëüíà;<br />
hae (nom. pl.) â³ä hic, haec, hoc — öåé;<br />
qui, quae, quod — ÿêèé, êîòðèé;<br />
tangi — infinitivus praes. pass. â³ä tango, tetîgi, tactum,êre — òîðêàòèñÿ,<br />
ñòîñóâàòèñÿ, ñïðèéìàòè äîòèêîì;<br />
107
108<br />
velut (velut³) — ÿê, íàïðèêëàä;<br />
denîque — íàðåøò³;<br />
innumerabîlis, e — íåçë³÷åííèé;<br />
quails, e — ÿêèé, ÿêèéñü;<br />
is, ea, id — òîé, â³í;<br />
quae in iure consistunt — ÿê³ ïîëÿãàþòü ó ïðàâ³;<br />
nec — íå, ³ íå;<br />
nec pertînet — íå ìຠçíà÷åííÿ, íå º âàæëèâèì;<br />
ad rem — äî ñïðàâè;<br />
debetur — ïðèºäíóºòüñÿ, âèïëèâàº;<br />
plerumque — âåëèêà ÷àñòèíà, áàãàòî õòî, á³ëüø³ñòü;<br />
nam — òîìó ùî, àäæå; òîìó ùî;<br />
ipse, ipsa, ipsum — ñàì;<br />
successio, onis f — ñïàäîê, ñïàäêîºìñòâî;<br />
eodem numêro — ó òîìó ÷èñë³ (abl. loci);<br />
etiam — òàêîæ.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Traianus, imperator Caesar Nerva Augustus<br />
Òðàÿí, Öåçàð Íåðâà Àâãóñò (53–117 ðð.)<br />
²ìïåðàòîð. Ñâîºþ âíóòð³øíüîþ ïîë³òèêîþ îáìåæóâàâ íîá³ëåò<br />
(â³ä nobîles — çíàòü, àðèñòîêðàò³ÿ) ³ âèñóâàâ âåðøíèê³â ³ ïðîâ³íö³éíó<br />
çíàòü, çì³öíþâàâ ³ìïåðàòîðñüêó âëàäó ³ ïðàãíóâ îáґðóíòóâàòè<br />
¿¿ òåîðåòè÷íî.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Toga (tegêre — ïîêðèâàòè, çàõèùàòè) — çâè÷àéíèé (ñâÿòêîâèé)<br />
âåðõí³é îäÿã ðèìñüêîãî ãðîìàäÿíèíà, à òàêîæ ïîñàäîâèõ<br />
îñ³á: toga purpurea (ïóðïóðíà) — âáðàííÿ öàð³â, toga picta (ïóðïóðíà,<br />
ðîçøèòà çîëîòîì) — îäÿã ïîëêîâîäöÿ ïðè òð³óìô³, toga<br />
praetexta (á³ëà ç ÷åðâîíîþ îáëÿì³âêîþ) — îäÿã âèñîêèõ ìàã³ñòðàò³â<br />
³ æåðö³â, toga sordîda (òåìíî-ñ³ðà) — æàëîáíà òîãà, ¿¿ âäÿãàëè<br />
òàêîæ îáâèíóâà÷åí³, toga virîlis (çâè÷àéíà á³ëà òîãà) — þíàêè<br />
ìàëè ïðàâî íîñèòè ¿¿ ò³ëüêè â 16–17 ðîê³â.<br />
As — ðèìñüêà ãðîøîâà îäèíèöÿ ³ ìîíåòà, ñïî÷àòêó êàðáóâàëàñÿ<br />
ç ì³ä³ àáî áðîíçè ³ âàæèëà 1 ðèìñüêèé ôóíò — 0,325 êã.<br />
ARS<br />
Îäèí ³ç íàéãðàíä³îçí³øèõ ìàéäàí³â Äàâíüîãî Ðèìó — ôîðóì<br />
Òðàÿíà — âåëè÷íèé àíñàìáëü, ùî âèð³çíÿâñÿ ñòðóíêîþ ³ ïðîäóìàíîþ<br />
êîìïîçèö³ºþ, âåëèêîþ ê³ëüê³ñòþ ñòàòóé, äîðîãîö³ííèìè<br />
ìàòåð³àëàìè, âèâàæåíîþ ðîçê³øøþ äåòàëåé. Âõ³ä ïðèêðàøàëà, ÿê
âèäíî ïî çîáðàæåííÿõ íà ìîíåòàõ,<br />
Òð³óìôàëüíà àðêà (ç îäíèì<br />
ïðîãîíîì). Ó öåíòð³ ñòîÿëà áðîíçîâà<br />
ïîçîëî÷åíà ñòàòóÿ Òðàÿíà.<br />
ϳäëîãà ³ ñò³íè ôîðóìó áóëè îáëèöüîâàí³<br />
ïëèòêàìè êîëüîðîâîãî<br />
ìàðìóðó. Ïî êðàÿõ øèðîêî¿<br />
(120 ì) ïëîù³ òÿãëèñÿ êîëîíàäè.<br />
Ó ãëèáèí³ ôîðóìó Òðàÿíà ì³æ äâîìà á³áë³îòåêàìè — ëàòèíñüêîþ<br />
³ ãðåöüêîþ — ðîçòàøîâóâàëàñÿ Êîëîíà Òðàÿíà, II ñò.<br />
äî í. å. ç äîâãîþ ñòð³÷êîþ ðåëüºô³â.<br />
Êîëîíà Òðàÿíà — ïàì’ÿòíèê, ùî çáåð³ãñÿ ³ äî íèí³, — áóëà<br />
ïîñòàâëåíà áëèçüêî 113 ð. Âîíà ïðîñëàâëÿëà ïåðåìîãè ³ìïåðàòîðà<br />
íàä äàêàìè. Íà ñêëàäåíîìó ç âåëè÷åçíèõ áëîê³â ï’ºäåñòàë³<br />
áóëè âèñ³÷åí³ çîáðàæåííÿ òðîôå¿â. Ñïî÷àòêó êîëîíó óâ³í÷óâàâ<br />
áðîíçîâèé îðåë, ïîò³ì, ï³ñëÿ ñìåðò³ Òðàÿíà, îðëà çàì³íèëè ñòàòóºþ<br />
³ìïåðàòîðà, à â XVI ñò. íà êîëîí³ ïîñòàâèëè ñòàòóþ àïîñòîëà<br />
Ïåòðà.<br />
Ïîáëèçó ôîðóìó Òðàÿíà çíàõîäèëàñÿ âåëè÷åçíà ñïîðóäà —<br />
Ðèíîê. Äîáðå çáåð³ãñÿ â éîãî ï³âí³÷íî-çàõ³äí³é ÷àñòèí³ âåëèêèé<br />
çàë òîðãîâåëüíèõ óãîä. Ðîçòàøóâàííÿ òîðãîâåëüíîãî öåíòðà ïîðó÷<br />
ç óðî÷èñòîþ ïëîùåþ-ôîðóìîì íå áóëî âèïàäêîâèì. Ó ðåñïóáë³êàíñüêèé<br />
÷àñ ðèíîê ðîçòàøîâóâñÿ çàçâè÷àé íà ôîðóì³.<br />
Ìîíåòà ÷àñó Òðàÿíà ç çîáðàæåííÿì<br />
ïðîô³ëþ Òðàÿíà ³ ìîñòà ÷åðåç<br />
Äóíàé. Ïåðøà ïîëîâèíà II ñò. í. å.<br />
109
LECTIO XVII (SEPTIMA DECIMA)<br />
110<br />
§ 55. INFINITIVUS<br />
ÍÅÎÇÍÀ×ÅÍÀ ÔÎÐÌÀ IJªÑËÎÂÀ<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ³ñíóþòü òðè ³íô³í³òèâè — òåïåð³øíüîãî,<br />
ìèíóëîãî ³ ìàéáóòíüîãî ÷àñó àêòèâíîãî ³ ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó.<br />
Ñïîñ³á óòâîðåííÿ ³íô³í³òèâíèõ ôîðìè<br />
Infinitivus<br />
praesentis<br />
<br />
<br />
+ -re (III<br />
<br />
-re)<br />
condemnare<br />
docere<br />
defendre<br />
audire<br />
<br />
+ -ri<br />
(– )<br />
Activum<br />
Passivum<br />
condemnari<br />
doceri<br />
defendi<br />
audiri<br />
Infinitivus<br />
perfecti<br />
<br />
+ -isse<br />
condemnavisse<br />
docuisse<br />
defendisse<br />
audivisse<br />
participium perfecti<br />
passivi<br />
+ esse<br />
Infnitivus<br />
futuri<br />
participium futuri activi<br />
+ esse<br />
condemnaturus, a, um esse<br />
docturus, a, um esse<br />
defensurus, a, um esse<br />
auditurus, a, um esse<br />
supinum<br />
+ iri (inf. praes. pass. .<br />
re — )<br />
condemnatus, a, um condemnatum iri<br />
esse<br />
doctum iri<br />
doctus, a, um esse defensum iri<br />
defensus, a, um esse auditum iri<br />
auditus, a, um esse<br />
§ 56. ACCUSATIVUS CUM INFINITIVO ET NOMINATIVUS<br />
CUM INFINITIVO<br />
ÇÍÀÕ²ÄÍÈÉ Â²Ä̲ÍÎÊ Ç ÍÅÎÇÍÀ×ÍÎÞ ÔÎÐÌÎÞ<br />
IJªÑËÎÂÀ ² ÍÀÇÈÂÍÈÉ Â²Ä̲ÍÎÊ Ç ÍÅÎÇÍÀ×ÍÎÞ<br />
ÔÎÐÌÎÞ Ä²ªÑËÎÂÀ<br />
Ó ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ³ñíóþòü äâà ñèíòàêñè÷íèõ çâîðîòè: nominativus<br />
cum infinitivo ³ accusativus cum infinitivo, ÿê³ óêðà¿íñüêîþ<br />
ìîâîþ ïåðåêëàäàþòüñÿ ï³äðÿäíèìè ðå÷åííÿìè. Çâîðîò Accusativus<br />
cum infinitivo ÿâëÿº ñîáîþ äâîñêëàäíå ðå÷åííÿ: ³ìåííèê àáî çàéìåííèê<br />
â Accusativus ³ Infinitivus 䳺ñëîâà. Öåé çâîðîò ó ðå÷åíí³ º ñêëàäíèì<br />
äîäàòêîì, ó ÿêîìó ³ìåííèê (àáî çàéìåííèê) º ëîã³÷íèì ï³äìåòîì<br />
1 , à Infinitivus 䳺ñëîâà — ëîã³÷íèì ïðèñóäêîì 2 çâîðîòó.<br />
1 Òåðì³íîì «ëîã³÷íèé ï³äìåò» ïîçíà÷àºòüñÿ ³ìåííèê (àáî çàéìåííèê),<br />
ÿêèé íå ñòî¿òü â Nominativus, àëå çà ñâî¿ì çíà÷åííÿì º ñóᑺêòîì 䳿 â<br />
³íô³í³òèâíîìó àáî 䳺ïðèêìåòíèêîâîìó çâîðîò³.<br />
2 Òåðì³íîì «ëîã³÷íèé ïðèñóäîê» ïîçíà÷àºòüñÿ íåîñîáîâà ôîðìà<br />
䳺ñëîâà (䳺ïðèêìåòíèê àáî ³íô³í³òèâ), ÿêà º ïðåäèêàòîì 䳺ïðèêìåòíèêîâîãî<br />
àáî ³íô³í³òèâíîãî çâîðîòó.
Çâîðîò Nominativus cum infinitivo ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç ëîã³÷íîãî<br />
ï³äìåòà, âèðàæåíîãî ³ìåííèêîì (ñóáñòàíòèâîâàíèì ïðèêìåòíèêîì<br />
÷è çàéìåííèêîì) ó Nominativus, òà ëîã³÷íîãî ïðèñóäêà, ÿêèé<br />
âèðàæàºòüñÿ infinitivus 䳺ñëîâà.<br />
Îáèäâà çâîðîòè âæèâàþòüñÿ ç 䳺ñëîâàìè ³ âèñëîâàìè, ùî<br />
íàëåæàòü äî äóõîâíî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ëþäèíè:<br />
putare — äóìàòè, arbitrari — ãàäàòè, ââàæàòè, credêre — â³ðèòè,<br />
scire — çíàòè, sperare — ñïîä³âàòèñÿ;<br />
dicêre, loqui — ãîâîðèòè, promittêre — îá³öÿòè, respondere —<br />
â³äïîâ³äàòè, tradêre — ïåðåäàâàòè, scribêre — ïèñàòè;<br />
sentire — ïî÷óâàòè, audire — ÷óòè, videre — áà÷èòè;<br />
velle (volo) — áàæàòè, nolle — íå áàæàòè, vetare — çàáîðîíÿòè,<br />
iubere — íàêàçóâàòè;<br />
gaudere — ðàä³òè, dolere — çàñìó÷óâàòèñÿ;<br />
ç áåçîñîáîâèìè âèðàçàìè: notum est; constat est — â³äîìî,<br />
oportet — ñë³ä, òðåáà, necesse est — íåîáõ³äíî, interest — âàæëèâî<br />
é ³í.<br />
Çâîðîò Nominativus cum infinitivo º ïàñèâíîþ êîíñòðóêö³ºþ<br />
ñòîñîâíî çâîðîòó Accusativus cum infinitivo. Âèõîäÿ÷è ç öüîãî, ñë³ä<br />
ô³êñóâàòè óâàãó íà òîìó, ùî çà íàÿâíîñò³ çâîðîòó Accusativus cum<br />
infinitivo ó ãîëîâíîìó ðå÷åíí³ ö³ 䳺ñëîâà âæèâàþòüñÿ â àêòèâíîìó<br />
ñòàí³, çà íàÿâíîñò³ çâîðîòó Nominativus cum infinitivo — ó ïàñèâíîìó,<br />
íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Accusativus cum infinitivo<br />
Titium heredem esse iubeo. —<br />
, <br />
.<br />
Paulus negat actionem in hoc casu a<br />
praetore dari. — , <br />
<br />
.<br />
Nominativus cum infinitivo<br />
Sententia Iuliani vera esse videtur. —<br />
, <br />
.<br />
Hic homo prudentissmus esse<br />
dictur. — , <br />
.<br />
§ 57. ABLATIVUS ABSOLUTUS<br />
ÑÀÌÎÑÒ²ÉÍÈÉ ÀÁÎ ÍÅÇÀËÅÆÍÈÉ ÀÁËÀÒÈÂ<br />
Ablativus absolutus — îñîáëèâèé çâîðîò ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè, ùî<br />
íå ìຠàíàëîãà â óêðà¿íñüê³é ìîâ³, ÿâëÿº ñîáîþ ñïîëó÷åííÿ ³ìåííèêà,<br />
ñóáñòàíòèâîâàíîãî ïðèêìåòíèêà àáî çàéìåííèêà â Ablativus<br />
(ëîã³÷íèé ï³äìåò çâîðîòó) ³ 䳺ïðèêìåòíèêà (participium perfecti<br />
passivi) òàêîæ â Ablativus (ëîã³÷íèé ïðèñóäîê).<br />
Çâîðîò íàçèâàºòüñÿ Absolutus, òîìó ùî ³ìåííèê, ç ÿêèì ó ðîä³,<br />
÷èñë³ òà â³äì³íêó óçãîäæóºòüñÿ 䳺ïðèêìåòíèê ó öüîìó çâîðîò³,<br />
íå çàëåæèòü â³ä æîäíîãî ç ÷ëåí³â ðå÷åííÿ.<br />
111
Çâîðîò â³äïîâ³äຠíà ïèòàííÿ êîëè? ÷îìó? ÿêèì ñïîñîáîì?<br />
ïðè ÿê³é óìîâ³? Ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ ï³äðÿäíèì ðå÷åííÿì ÷àñó, ïðè-<br />
÷èíè, ñïîñîáó 䳿, óìîâè, äîïóñòîâèì; ³ìåííèêàìè ç ïðèéìåííèêàìè,<br />
à òàêîæ 䳺ïðèñë³âíèêîâèì çâîðîòîì, ÿêùî â Ablativus<br />
absolutus âõîäèòü participium perfecti passivi.<br />
Ïðèêëàäè ïåðåêëàäó çâîðîòó Ablativus absolutus:<br />
Cicerone et Antonio consulîbus Catilinae coniuratio erupit. — Çà<br />
÷àñ³â êîíñóëüñòâà Öèöåðîíà ³ Àíòîí³ÿ áóëà ðîçêðèòà ç<strong>ìîâà</strong><br />
Êàò³ë³í³. Êîëè Öèöåðîí ³ Àíòîí³é áóëè êîíñóëàìè áóëà ðîçêðèòà<br />
ç<strong>ìîâà</strong> Êàò³ë³í³.<br />
Bello Gallîco confecto, legati multarum civitatum ad Caesârem<br />
gratulatum venerunt. — Êîëè çàê³í÷èëàñÿ ãàëëüñüêà â³éíà ïîñëè<br />
áàãàòüîõ ãðîìàä ïðèéøëè ïðèâ³òàòè Öåçàðÿ. ϳñëÿ çàê³í÷åííÿ<br />
ãàëëüñüêî¿ â³éíè ïîñëè áàãàòüîõ ãðîìàä ïðèéøëè ïðèâ³òàòè Öåçàðÿ.<br />
Troia capta, Graeci domum reverterunt. — ϳñëÿ òîãî ÿê Òðîÿ<br />
áóëà çàõîïëåíà, ãðåêè ïîâåðíóëèñÿ äîäîìó. ϳñëÿ çàõîïëåííÿ Òðî¿<br />
ãðåêè ïîâåðíóëèñÿ äîäîìó. Çàõîïèâøè Òðîþ, ãðåêè ïîâåðíóëèñÿ<br />
äîäîìó.<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
I. Çðîá³òü ãðàìàòè÷íèé àíàë³ç ðå÷åíü ³ ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Reus videbatur damnatum iri. 2. Dico Romanos vincêre,<br />
vicisse, victuros esse, sed nunquam victos esse et victum<br />
iri. 3. Legem brevem esse oportet. 4. Fur semper moram<br />
facêre videtur. 5. Te esse felicem volo. 6. Vivêre est cogitare.<br />
7. Multum interest inter dare et accipêre. 8. Scimus Ciceronem<br />
oratorem maxîmum fuisse. 9. Necesse est civitatem<br />
ab optîmus viris regi. 10. Iustum est sceleratos puniri.<br />
11. Testator videtur non esse mentis. 12. Homerus dicîtur<br />
caecus fuisse. 13. Prometheus hominîbus ignem dedisse<br />
tradîtur. 14. Praetor ius reddêre dicîtur. 15. Debîtor tuus in<br />
fraudem creditorum nihil facêre videtur. 16. Iam ante<br />
Homerum poetae fuisse putantur. 17. Magister dixit discipûlos<br />
bene legêre. 18. Titium heredem esse iubeo. 19.<br />
Generali lege decernîmus nemînem sibi esse iudîcem vel<br />
ius sibi dicêre debere.<br />
II. Çíàéä³òü çâîðîò Ablativus absolutus â ðå÷åííÿõ òà ïåðåêëàä³òü ¿õ:<br />
1. Discipûlis bene Latine scientîbus, examen non longe<br />
durat. 2. Bello confecto, pax venit. 3. Hiême adveniente,<br />
112
Ñëîâíèê<br />
natura dormitat. 4. Romûlo regnante bellum cum Sabinis<br />
fuit. 5. Utroque consûle occiso dictator nominatus est.<br />
6. Me absente, consilium finitum est. 7. Abiecto furto<br />
effûgit fur.<br />
I. 1. damno, avi, atum, are — çàñóäæóâàòè, âèçíàâàòè âèííèì.<br />
3. oportet, uit, –, ere — ïîòð³áíî, âèïëèâàº, ñë³ä.<br />
4. moram facêre — ïðîñòðî÷óâàòè.<br />
5. felix, felicis — ùàñëèâèé.<br />
7. intersum, fui, –,esse — ñòàíîâèòè ð³çíèöþ, â³äð³çíÿòèñÿ.<br />
8. fuisse (inf. perf. act.) 䳺ñëîâî sum, fui, esse.<br />
10. sceleratus, a, um — çëî÷èííèé.<br />
11. testator, oris m — çàïîâ³äà÷; mens, mentis f — ðîçóì,<br />
ðîçóì; sanus, a, um — çäîðîâèé.<br />
12. Homerus, i m — Ãîìåð, íàéäàâí³øèé ç â³äîìèõ ãðåöüêèõ<br />
ïîåò³â, ÿêîìó ïðèïèñóºòüñÿ àâòîðñòâî «²ë³àäè» ³ «Îäèññå¿».<br />
13. Prometheus, i m — Ïðîìåòåé (ãðåö. ì³ô.), ñèí òèòàíà ßïåòà<br />
³ Êë³ìåíè. Âèë³ïèâøè ³ç ãëèíè ëþäèíó, â³í îæèâèâ ¿¿ çà<br />
äîïîìîãîþ âîãíþ, ÿêèé âèêðàâ ó Þï³òåðà, çà ùî áóâ ïðèêóòèé<br />
äî ñêåë³ Êàâêàçó, äå øóë³êà (îðåë) ìó÷èâ éîãî íóòðîù³,<br />
äîêè Ãåðêóëåñ íå çâ³ëüíèâ Ïðîìåòåÿ; ignis, is m — âîãîíü;<br />
homo, homînis m — ëþäèíà; dedisse â³ä do.<br />
14. ius reddêre — âåðøèòè ñóä, ñóäèòè.<br />
15. fraus, fraudis f — îáìàí; in fraudem — äëÿ îáìàíó.<br />
18. Titium, i n — Ò³öèé; heres, heredis m (f) — ñïàäêîºìåöü;<br />
iubeo, iussi, iussum, ere — íàêàçóâàòè.<br />
19. decerno, crevi, cretum, êre — âèð³øóâàòè, ïîñòàíîâëÿòè;<br />
dico, dixi, dictum, dicêre — ãîâîðèòè, òóò: óñòàíîâëþâàòè.<br />
II. 1. duro, avi, atum, are — òðèâàòè, ïðîäîâæóâàòèñÿ;<br />
2. bellum, i n — â³éíà; confîcio, feci, fectum, êre — çàê³í÷óâàòè<br />
(ðîáèòè, çä³éñíþâàòè);<br />
3. advenio, veni, ventum, ire — ïðèõîäèòè; dormito, avi, atum,<br />
are — çàñèíàòè;<br />
4. Romûlus, i n — Ðîìóë, ñèí Ðå¿ Ñèëü⳿ ³ Ìàðñà, áðàò-áëèçíþê<br />
Ðåìà, ì³ô³÷íèé çàñíîâíèê Ðèìà ³ ïåðøèé öàð Ðèìà ó<br />
753–716 ðð. äî í. å.; regno, avi, atum, are — öàðþâàòè;<br />
Sabini, orum m, pl. — ñàá³íÿíè, ïëåì’ÿ â ãîðèñò³é îáëàñò³ äî<br />
ï³âí³÷íîãî ñõîäó â³ä Ðèìà;<br />
5. utroque — òóò: îáîº; occisus, a, um — part. perf. äî occido,<br />
cidi, cisum, êre — ãèíóòè.<br />
6. me äèâ. ego abl. sing.<br />
7. abicio, ieci, iectum, êre — êèäàòè; furtum, i n — êðàä³æêà;<br />
effugio, fugi, fugiturus, êre — ò³êàòè; fur, furis m — çëîä³é.<br />
113
114<br />
INTERPRETATIO STRICTA<br />
In testamento, a Lucio Titio facto, scriptum erat: Maevius, filius<br />
meus primogenîtus, heres esto. Lanam, quae die mortis meae in<br />
aedîbus meis inventa erit, heres meus Seiae, sorori suae, dare damnas<br />
(=obligatus) esto.<br />
Questio ita proposîta est: an vestis, ex lana facta, legato<br />
continetur. Item Sempronio legata est materia, ex materia autem<br />
navis aedificata erat ante mortem testatoris. An navem Sempronio<br />
dare obligatus est?<br />
Quoniam ex contextu haud ambigua testatoris voluntas non<br />
apparet, locus est strictae interpretationi et exacta verborum significatio<br />
spectatur. Quid ergo est? Testamento videntur comprehensae<br />
lana et materia, non autem res artificio et opêre confectae; navis igîtur<br />
et vestis in bonis heredis permanebunt.<br />
Ó äàí³é ñòàòò³ <strong>ìîâà</strong> éäå ïðî îáìåæóâàëüíå òëóìà÷åííÿ<br />
(interpretatio stricta) çàïîâ³äàëüíîãî ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ, ùî ñòîñóºòüñÿ<br />
îêðåìèõ ðå÷åé (ëåãàò, çàïîâ³äàëüíå â³äìîâëåííÿ).<br />
primogenîtus, a, um — ïåðâîðîäíèé, ñòàðøèé;<br />
lana, ae f — âîâíà (ñèðåöü);<br />
die mortis — ó äåíü ñìåðò³;<br />
aedes, is f — (÷àñò³øå pl.) áóä³âëÿ, õðàì, áóäèíîê;<br />
invenio, veni, ventum ire — çíàõîäèòè;<br />
an — ÷è (ïèòàëüíà ÷àñòêà);<br />
legatum,i n — çàïîâ³äàëüíå â³äìîâëåííÿ, äàðóíîê çà çàïîâ³òîì;<br />
contineo, ui, – — ì³ñòèòè;<br />
item — (ïðèñë.) òàêîæ;<br />
materia, ae f — áóä³âåëüíèé ìàòåð³àë;<br />
lego, avi, atum, are — çàïîâ³äàòè, â³äìîâëÿòè (çà çàïîâ³òîì);<br />
autem — (ñïîëó÷íèê) îäíàê;<br />
aedifîco, avi, atum, are — áóäóâàòè;<br />
quoniam — (ñïîëó÷íèê) òîìó, òîìó ùî;<br />
contextus, us m — êîíòåêñò, çì³ñò;<br />
appareo, ui, êre — ïîêàçóâàòèñÿ, ç’ÿâëÿòèñÿ, âèÿâëÿòèñÿ;<br />
significatio, onis f — çíà÷åííÿ, çì³ñò;<br />
exactus, a, um — çàê³í÷åíèé, òî÷íèé;<br />
specto, avi, atum, are — äèâèòèñÿ;<br />
comprehendo, ndi, nsum êre — îõîïëþâàòè;<br />
ergo — îòæå;<br />
videor, visus sum, videri — çäàâàòèñÿ.
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Hadrianus, imperator Caesar Traianus Augustus<br />
Àäð³àí — ³ìïåðàòîð Öåçàð Òðàÿí Àâãóñò (76–138 ðð.)<br />
Ðèìñüêèé ³ìïåðàòîð Àäð³àí, ðîäîì ç ϳâäåííî¿ ²ñïàí³¿, â³äîìèé<br />
òèì, ùî çà éîãî íàêàçîì áóâ âèäàíèé îñòàòî÷íèé âàð³àíò<br />
Edictum perpetuum (Ïîñò³éíèé åäèêò), ðîçðîáëåíèé Þë³àíîì. Ó<br />
Edictum perpetuum ô³êñóþòüñÿ é óçãîäæóþòüñÿ îñíîâí³ ïîëîæåííÿ<br />
ïðåòîðñüêîãî ïðàâà.<br />
ARS<br />
Ïîðòðåò Àäð³àíà, II ñò. í. å. Ó ìàðìóðîâîìó<br />
ïîãðóää³ ç Âàòèêàíó Àäð³àí<br />
ïðåäñòàâëåíèé ìîëîäèì ³ âïåâíåíèì ó<br />
ñîá³. гçíîá³÷íî ðîçâèíóòà é îñâ³÷åíà<br />
ëþäèíà — ïîåò, àðõ³òåêòîð, àìàòîð ìèñòåöòâà<br />
— Àäð³àí ïðàãíå â óñüîìó ñë³äóâàòè<br />
åëë³íñüêèì çâè÷àÿì. ³í íàâ³òü<br />
â³äïóñêຠáîðîäó, íàñë³äóþ÷è ãðåöüêèõ<br />
ìóäðåö³â. Ñêóëüïòîðè çîáðàæóþòü éîãî<br />
ç ïå÷àòòþ ô³ëîñîôñüêèõ ðîçäóì³â íà îáëè÷÷³,<br />
çîâí³ ñõîæèì, ÿê ³ áàæຠòîãî<br />
Àäð³àí, íà Àð³ñòîòåëÿ. ² âñå-òàêè â éîãî<br />
ïîðòðåòàõ âèñòóïຠíàñàìïåðåä ðèìñüêèé<br />
öåçàð, ùî ãîðäîâèòî äåìîíñòðóº<br />
âëàäó.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Praesumptio (praesumêre — ïðèïóñêàòè) — ïðåçóìïö³ÿ, ïðàâîâå<br />
ïðèïóùåííÿ, â³äïîâ³äíî äî ÿêîãî ç óðàõóâàííÿì çâè÷àéíîãî<br />
ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ ôàêò³â ìîæíà çà ïðàâîì ñóäèòè íà ï³äñòàâ³<br />
âèçíà÷åíîãî ôàêòó ïðî ³ñíóâàííÿ ³íøîãî ôàêòó, íå äîâåäåíîãî, à<br />
ò³ëüêè ïåðåäáà÷óâàíîãî.<br />
Sententia (äóìêà) — âèðîê, îñòàòî÷íå ñóäîâå ð³øåííÿ; òî÷êà<br />
çîðó ðèìñüêîãî þðèñòà, âèðàæåíà â éîãî âèñíîâêó àáî â þðèäè÷íîìó<br />
òâîð³.<br />
Stipulatio (stipulari — âèãîâîðþâàòè ÿêóñü óìîâó, çàðó÷èòèñÿ<br />
îá³öÿíêîþ) — ñòèïóëÿö³ÿ, ôîðìàëüíèé, àáñòðàêòíèé, óñíèé<br />
êîíòðàêò, ùî âñòàíîâëþº çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ; íàéâàæëèâ³øèé âèä äîãîâîðó<br />
â ðèìñüêîìó ïðàâ³. Âïëèíóâ íà ïîäàëüøó (àæ äî íàøîãî<br />
115
÷àñó) ðîçðîáêó òåî𳿠þðèäè÷íèõ ä³é âçàãàë³ òà çîáîâ’ÿçóâàëüíîãî<br />
äîãîâîðó çîêðåìà.<br />
Stipulatio, ùî ³ñòîðè÷íî ïåðåäóâàëà Sponsio (óðî÷èñòà îá³öÿíêà,<br />
ð³çíîâèä ñëîâåñíîãî êîíòðàêòó), ÿâëÿº ñîáîþ contractus<br />
unilateralis stricti iuris (îäíîñòîðîíí³é êîíòðàêò òî÷íî â³äïîâ³äíî<br />
äî ïðàâà), ÿêèé ïðèïóñêຠïðèñóòí³ñòü îáîõ ñòîð³í, óñíå ïèòàííÿ<br />
ìàéáóòíüîãî êðåäèòîðà ³ áåçïîñåðåäíþ, ñòâåðäæóâàëüíó,<br />
òàêîæ óñíó, òàêó, ùî ñï³âïàäຠç öèì ïèòàííÿì, â³äïîâ³äü ìàéáóòíüîãî<br />
áîðæíèêà.<br />
116
LECTIO XVIII (DUODEVICESIMA)<br />
§ 58. GERUNDIUM<br />
ÃÅÐÓÍIJÉ<br />
Ãåðóíä³é — öå â³ä䳺ñë³âíèé ³ìåííèê, ùî îçíà÷ຠïðîöåñ 䳿.<br />
 óêðà¿íñüê³é ìîâ³ ôîðì³ ãåðóíä³ÿ çâè÷àéíî â³äïîâ³äàþòü ³ìåííèêè<br />
íà -ííÿ, -òòÿ. Óòâîðþºòüñÿ ãåðóíä³é øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ<br />
äî îñíîâè ³íôåêòà ñóô³êñà -nd- — äëÿ 䳺ñë³â I òà II 䳺â³äì³íè,<br />
-end- — äëÿ 䳺ñë³â III òà IV 䳺â³äì³í, çàê³í÷åíü íåïðÿìèõ<br />
â³äì³íê³â ²² â³äì³íè.<br />
Ãåðóíä³é â³äì³íþºòüñÿ çà ²² â³äì³íîþ ëèøå îäíèíè; ó ôîðì³<br />
íàçèâíîãî â³äì³íêà óìîâíî âæèâàºòüñÿ infinitivus 䳺ñëîâà â³ä<br />
ÿêîãî óòâîðþºòüñÿ ãåðóíä³é; Vocativus â³äñóòí³é; â Accusativus<br />
âæèâàºòüñÿ ç ïðèéìåííèêîì ad.<br />
Çðàçîê â³äì³íþâàííÿ ãåðóíä³ÿ<br />
I II III IV<br />
Nom. condemnare docere absolvre audire<br />
<br />
<br />
Gen. condemnandi docendi absolvendi audiendi<br />
<br />
<br />
Dat. condemnando docendo absolvendo audiendo<br />
<br />
<br />
Acc. ad<br />
ad<br />
ad<br />
ad<br />
condemnandum docendum absolvendum audiendum<br />
<br />
Abl. condemnando docendo absolvendo audiendo<br />
,<br />
, , ,<br />
<br />
Genetivus gerundii ÷àñòî ñëóæèòü îçíà÷åííÿì äî ñë³â, ï³ñëÿ<br />
ÿêèõ â óêðà¿íñüê³é ìîâ³ âæèâàºòüñÿ ðîäîâèé â³äì³íîê, òîáòî<br />
íåóçãîäæåíèì îçíà÷åííÿì:<br />
modus vivendi — ñïîñ³á æèòòÿ, ius utendi — ïðàâî êîðèñòóâàííÿ,<br />
ius possidendi — ïðàâî âîëîä³ííÿ.<br />
Dativus gerundii âæèâàºòüñÿ äóæå ð³äêî, ìຠçíà÷åííÿ Dativus<br />
finalis:<br />
studere legendo — ïîñèëåíî â³ääàâàòèñÿ ÷èòàííþ.<br />
Accusativus gerundii ñëóæèòü äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ ìåòè: Homo ad<br />
intellegendum et agendum natus est. — Ëþäèíà íàðîäæåíà äëÿ òîãî,<br />
ùîá ìèñëèòè ³ ä³ÿòè.<br />
117
Ablativus gerundii ìຠçíà÷åííÿ îáñòàâèíè ñïîñîáó 䳿; óêðà¿íñüêîþ<br />
ìîâîþ ìîæíà ïåðåêëàñòè 䳺ïðèñë³âíèêîì: Docendo<br />
discîmus (Sen.). — Íàâ÷àþ÷è, â÷èìîñÿ.<br />
§ 59. GERUNDIVUM1 ÃÅÐÓÍÄÈÂ<br />
Ãåðóíäèâ — öå â³ä䳺ñë³âíèé ïðèêìåòíèê, ÿêèé îçíà÷ຠíåîáõ³äí³ñòü;<br />
ÿê ³ ãåðóíä³é óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì äîäàâàííÿ äî îñíîâè<br />
³íôåêòà ñóô³êñ³â: -nd- — äëÿ 䳺ñë³â I–II 䳺â³äì³í, ñóô³êñà<br />
-end- — äëÿ 䳺ñë³â III–IV 䳺â³äì³íè ³ çàê³í÷åíü -us (m), -a (f), -<br />
um (n), íàïðèêëàä:<br />
1. condemna nd us, a, um — òîé, ÿêîãî ñë³ä çàñóäèòè; ÿêèé<br />
ïîâèíåí áóòè çàñóäæåíèì;<br />
2. doce nd us, a, um — òîé, ÿêîãî ñë³ä íàâ÷àòè; òîé, ÿêèé ïîâèíåí<br />
áóòè íàâ÷åíèì;<br />
3. absolv end us, a, um — òîé, ÿêîãî ñë³ä âèïðàâäàòè; ÿêèé<br />
ïîâèíåí áóòè âèïðàâäàíèì;<br />
4. audi end us, a, um — òîé, ÿêîãî ñë³ä ñëóõàòè; ÿêèé ïîâèíåí<br />
áóòè âèñëóõàíèì.<br />
Ãåðóíäèâ â³äì³íþºòüñÿ ÿê ïðèêìåòíèêè I–II â³äì³íè. ³í<br />
ìîæå âèñòóïàòè ÿê ³ìåííà ÷àñòèíà ïðèñóäêà ³ ÿê îçíà÷åííÿ.<br />
Çà äîïîìîãîþ ãåðóíäèâà ³ ôîðì 䳺ñëîâà esse ó áóäü-ÿêîìó<br />
÷àñ³ óòâîðþºòüñÿ îïèñîâà 䳺â³äì³íà ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó (coniugatio<br />
periphrastîca passiva) 2 .<br />
Coniugatio periphrastîca passiva âèðàæຠíåîáõ³äí³ñòü, ïîâèíí³ñòü<br />
³ ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ñë³â ñë³ä, òðåáà, íåîáõ³äíî,<br />
íàïðèêëàä: De gustîbus non est disputandum. — Ïðî ñìàêè<br />
íå ñë³ä ñïåðå÷àòèñü. Pacta servanda sunt. — Äîãîâîðè ïîâèíí³<br />
ñáåðåãàòèñÿ.<br />
Ãåðóíäèâ çà ñïîñîáîì óòâîðåííÿ íàãàäóº ãåðóíä³é, òîìó ïðè ïåðåêëàä³<br />
òåêñòó íåîáõ³äíî ïàì’ÿòàòè, ùî: 1. Ãåðóíä³é â³äì³íþºòüñÿ<br />
ò³ëüêè â îäíèí³, ÿê ³ìåííèêè II â³äì³íè ñåðåäíüîãî ðîäó, à ãåðóíäèâ<br />
âèñòóïຠâ òðüîõ ðîäàõ ³ â³äì³íþºòüñÿ ÿê ïðèêìåòíèê I–II<br />
â³äì³íè â îäíèí³ òà ìíîæèí³. 2. Ãåðóíä³é — íåóçãîäæåíèé ÷ëåí<br />
ðå÷åííÿ, à ãåðóíäèâ óçãîäæóºòüñÿ ç ³ìåííèêîì â ðîä³, ÷èñë³,<br />
â³äì³íêó, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
1 Îäí³ àâòîðè ï³äðó÷íèê³â êîðèñòóþòüñÿ òåðì³íîì gerundivum, ³íø³ —<br />
participium futuri passivi, à ùå ³íø³ âæèâàþòü ö³ òåðì³íè ïàðàëåëüíî.<br />
2 Coniugatio periphrastîca activa (îïèñîâà 䳺â³äì³íà àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó)<br />
äèâ.§ 34.<br />
118
Ars rem publîcam bene administrandi difficillîma est. — Ìèñòåöòâî<br />
ãàðíî êåðóâàòè (ãàðíîãî êåðóâàííÿ) äåðæàâîþ äóæå âàæêå.<br />
Administrandi — ãåðóíä³é, òîìó ùî º ñàìîñò³éíèì ÷ëåíîì ðå-<br />
÷åííÿ.<br />
Caesar belli gerendi facultatem non habebat. — Öåçàð íå ìàâ<br />
ìîæëèâîñò³ âåñòè â³éíó (äîñë³âíî — âåäåíî¿ â³éíè). Gerendi —<br />
ãåðóíäèâ, îçíà÷åííÿ, óçãîäæåíå ç ³ìåííèêîì belli ó ðîä³, ÷èñë³,<br />
â³äì³íêó (n., sing., Gen.)<br />
³ä ëàòèíñüêîãî ãåðóíäèâà óòâîðèëîñÿ ê³ëüêà ³ìåííèê³â, ùî<br />
óâ³éøëè â óêðà¿íñüêó ìîâó, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
ìåìîðàíäóì — íàãàäóâàííÿ (â³ä memorandum est — òå,<br />
ùî íåîáõ³äíî ïàì’ÿòàòè);<br />
ðåôåðåíäóì — âñåíàðîäíå îïèòóâàííÿ (â³ä referendum<br />
est — òå, ùî âàðòî îáãîâîðèòè, äîêëàñòè);<br />
äèâ³äåíäè — äîõîäè àêö³îíåðíèõ òîâàðèñòâ (â³ä dividenda<br />
sunt — òå, ùî ï³äëÿãຠðîçïîä³ëó);<br />
ëåãåíäà — íàïèñè íà ìîíåò³, êàðò³ (â³ä legenda est — òå,<br />
ùî ïîòð³áíî ïðî÷èòàòè);<br />
ïðîïàãàíäà — ïîøèðåííÿ (â³ä propaganda sunt — òå, ùî<br />
ïîòð³áíî ïîøèðèòè).<br />
Âïðàâà<br />
Ïåðåêëàä³òü, âèçíà÷àþ÷è ôîðìè ãåðóíä³ÿ ³ ãåðóíäèâà:<br />
1. De gustîbus non est disputandum. 2. Nunquam scelus<br />
scelêre vincendum est. 3. Deliberandum est diu, statuendum<br />
est semel. 4. Quod est demonstrandum? 5. Cogitatio furti<br />
faciendi. 6. Pacta sunt servanda. 7. Non exemplis sed<br />
legîbus iudicandum est. 8. Publîcum privato est praeferendum.<br />
9. Pax quaerenda est. 10. Patria nobis defendenda<br />
est. 11. Mores ridendo emenantur. 12. Perspiciuntur<br />
in agendo virtutes. 13. Legendo mens formanda<br />
est. 14. Gutta cavat lapîdem, non vi sed saepe cadendo.<br />
15. Dicendo dicêre, scribendo scribêre discîmus. 16. Lex<br />
ferenda. 17. Ius iurandum. 18. Non numeranda, sed ponderanda<br />
sunt argumenta. 19. Nulla aetas ad discendum sera<br />
est. 20. Ad audiendum considerationem curiae. 21. In statu<br />
nascendi. 22. Interpretare et concordare legis legîbus est<br />
optîmus interpretandi modus. 23. Non in legendo, sed in<br />
intelligendo leges consistunt. 24. Sensus videndi acerrîmus<br />
est. 25. Miles fortis exemplum aliis ad imitandum dedit.<br />
119
Ñëîâíèê<br />
120<br />
26. Audienda et altêra pars. 27. Nihil sine ratione faciendum<br />
est. 28. Tuis verbis, Cicêro, utendum est: O<br />
tempôra, o mores!<br />
1. gustus, us m — ñìàê; disputo, avi, atum, are — cïåðå÷àòèñÿ.<br />
2. scelus, eris n — çëîä³ÿííÿ, çëî÷èí.<br />
3. delibêro, avi, atum, are — îáì³ðêîâóâàòè; diu — äîâãî;<br />
statuo, tui, tutum, êre — ïîñòàíîâëÿòè, âèð³øóâàòè; semel —<br />
â³äðàçó.<br />
5. cogitatio, onis f — çàäóì; furtum, i n — êðàä³æêà; facio, feci,<br />
factum, êre — ðîáèòè, çä³éñíþâàòè.<br />
7. exemplum, i n — ïðèêëàä; iudico, avi, atum, are — ñóäèòè.<br />
8. praefero, tuli, latum, ferre — â³ääàâàòè ïåðåâàãó.<br />
9. quaero, quaesivi, quaesitum, êre — øóêàòè, äîìàãàòèñÿ.<br />
11. mos, moris m — âäà÷à; rideo, isi, isum, ere — ñì³ÿòèñÿ;<br />
emendo, avi, atum, are — âèïðàâëÿòè, ë³êóâàòè.<br />
12. perspicio, spexi, spectum, êre — îñÿãàòè, ï³çíàâàòè; ago, egi,<br />
actum agêre — ä³ÿòè, äîñÿãàòè; virtus, utis f — ÷åñíîòà,<br />
ìóæí³ñòü, äîáðî÷åñí³ñòü.<br />
13. mens, mentis f — ðîçóì.<br />
14. gutta, ae f — êðàïëÿ; cavat — òóò: òî÷èòü, äîâáàº; lapis, îdis<br />
m — êàì³íü; cado, cecîdi, casurus, êre — ïàäàòè.<br />
16. fero, tuli, latum,ferre — âèäàâàòè.<br />
17. iuro, avi, atum, are — ïðèñÿãàòèñÿ.<br />
18. pondêro, avi, atum, are — çâàæóâàòè.<br />
19. aetas, atis f — â³ê; serus, a, um — ï³çí³é.<br />
20. consideratio, onis f — ð³øåííÿ, ðîçãëÿä, îáãîâîðåííÿ; curia,<br />
ae f — ñóä.<br />
22. interprêtor, atus sum, ari — òëóìà÷èòè, ðîç’ÿñíÿòè; modus,<br />
i m — ñïîñ³á.<br />
23. consisto, stiti, –, êre — ïîëÿãàòè, ñêëàäàòèñÿ.<br />
24. sensus, us m — ïî÷óòòÿ.<br />
25. imîtor, atus sum, ari — íàñë³äóâàòè; dedit — äèâ. do.<br />
27. ratio, onis f — ðîçóì.<br />
28. utor, usus sum, uti — óæèâàòè, çàñòîñîâóâàòè, âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè,<br />
âèñëîâëþâàòè.<br />
DE SERVITUTIBUS PRAEDIORUM URBANORUM<br />
Urbanorum praediorum iura talia sunt: [ius] altius tollendi et<br />
officiendi luminîbus vicini aut non extollendi; item stillicidium<br />
avertendi in tectum vel aream vicini aut non avertendi; item immittendi<br />
tigna in parietem vicini et denîque proiciendi protegendive ceteraque<br />
istis similia.<br />
(Gai.)
urbanus, a, um — ì³ñüêèé;<br />
ius, iuris n — ïðàâî;<br />
talis, e — òàêèé;<br />
altus, a, um — âèñîêèé, ãëèáîêèé;<br />
tollêre (aedificia n pl. — â³ä aedificium, i n — áóäèíîê, áóä³âëÿ) —<br />
ï³äâîäèòè, áóäóâàòè;<br />
officêre luminîbus — îáìåæóâàòè âèñâ³òëåííÿ;<br />
vicinus, i m — ñóñ³ä;<br />
(servitus) non extollêre — (îáîâ’ÿçîê) íå ï³äâîäèòè (áóä³âë³);<br />
item — òàêîæ, à òàêîæ;<br />
stilliñidium, i n — êðàïàííÿ, æîëîá;<br />
averto, uti, aversum, êre — â³äâåðòàòè, â³ä÷èíèòè, â³äêëàäàòè;<br />
tectus, a, um — â³ä tego, texi, tectum, êre — ïîêðèâàòè, õîâàòè;<br />
area, ae f — ð³âíèíà, ïëîùà, óã³ääÿ, ä³ëÿíêà, ïëîùàäêà;<br />
immito, misi, missum, êre — â³äïóñêàòè, ïðîñìèêóâàòè, âáóäîâóâàòè,<br />
ïóñêàòè;<br />
tignum, i n — áðóñ, áàëêà;<br />
paries, êtis n — ñò³íà;<br />
denîque — íàðåøò³, íàâ³òü, ò³ëüêè, óçàãàë³, ñàìå;<br />
proicêre — òóò: ðîáèòè ïðèáóäîâó (ùî íàâèñຠíàä ÷óæîþ ä³ëÿíêîþ);<br />
protegêre — çàêðèâàòè äàõîì ÷óæó ä³ëÿíêó;<br />
cetêrus, a, um — ³íøèé;<br />
iste, ista, istud — öåé, òîé, â³í;<br />
simîlis, e — ñõîæèé, ïîä³áíèé.<br />
DE SERVITUTIBUS PRAEDIORUM RUSTICORUM<br />
Servitutes rusticorum praediorum sunt hae: iter, actus, via,<br />
aquaeductus.<br />
Iter est ius eundi, ambulandi homîni, non etiam iumentum agendi.<br />
Actus est ius agendi vel iumentum vel vehicûlum. Itâque, qui iter<br />
habet, actum non habet; qui actum habet, et iter habet etiam sine<br />
iumento.<br />
Via est ius eundi et agendi et ambulandi: nam et iter et actum in<br />
se via contînet.<br />
Aquaeductus est ius aquam ducendi per fundum alienum.<br />
In rustîcis [servitutîbus] computanda sunt aquae haustus, pecôris<br />
ad aquam adpulsus, ius pascendi, calcis coquendae, harenae fodiendae.<br />
Traditio plane et servitutum patientia inducet officium praetoris.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
servîtus, utis f — ðàáñòâî, ñåðâ³òóò;<br />
praedium, i n — ìàºòîê, âîëîä³ííÿ;<br />
rustîcus, a, um — ñ³ëüñüêèé;<br />
hic, haec, hoc — öåé, öÿ, öå (hae — Nom. pl.);<br />
iter, itinêris n — øëÿõ, ïðîõ³ä, ïðàâî ïðîõîäó;<br />
121
actus, us m – õ³ä, ðóõ, ïðîã³í õóäîáè, ïðàâî ïðîãîíó õóäîáè;<br />
via, ae f — äîðîãà, ïðî¿çä, ïðàâî ïðî¿çäó;<br />
aquaeductus, us m — âîäîïðîâ³ä, ïðîâ³ç âîäè;<br />
eundi â³ä eo, ii, (ivi), itum, ir — éòè;<br />
ambulo, avi, atum, are — ãóëÿòè, ïðîãóëþâàòèñÿ (ìàºòüñÿ íà óâàç³ íå<br />
ö³ëåñïðÿ<strong>ìîâà</strong>íèé ðóõ ÷åðåç ÷óæèé ìàºòîê, àëå ïðîãóëÿíêè, ó òîìó ÷èñë³ ³<br />
âåðõè);<br />
iumentum, i, n — çàïðÿæåíèé ê³íü, â’þ÷íà òâàðèíà;<br />
ago, egi, actum, agêre — ãíàòè; ðîáèòè, ä³ÿòè, âåñòè;<br />
vehicûlum, i n — â³çîê;<br />
nam — òîìó ùî, àäæå, òîìó ùî;<br />
compûto, avi, atum, are — ïåðåë³÷óâàòè, ï³äðàõîâóâàòè;<br />
haustus, us m — ÷åðïàííÿ;<br />
pecus, pecôris n — õóäîáà;<br />
adpulsus (appulsus), us m — ïðèã³í;<br />
pasco, pavi, patum, êre — ïàñòè;<br />
calx, calsis f — âàïíî;<br />
coquo, coxi, coctum, êre — âàðèòè, îáïàëþâàòè, ãàñèòè;<br />
harena, ae f — ï³ñîê;<br />
fodio, fodi, fossum, êre — êîïàòè, ðèòè, äîáóâàòè;<br />
traditio, onis f — ïåðåäà÷à;<br />
plane — ÿâíî, ìàáóòü, ðîçó쳺òüñÿ;<br />
patientia = permissum, i n — äîçâ³ë;<br />
inducêre officium — âõîäèòè â îáîâ’ÿçîê.<br />
122<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Celsus Publius Iuventius, Celsus-filius<br />
Öåëüñ Ïóáë³é Þâåíö³é, Óåëüñ-ñèí (²² ñò. í. å.)<br />
Âåëèêèé ðèìñüêèé þðèñò II ñò. í. å. Ïðåòîð (105–106 ðð.),<br />
êîíñóë (115 ð.), êîíñóë-ñóôåêò (suffectus — äîäàòêîâî (òîáòî<br />
çàì³ñòü òîãî, ÿêèé âèáóâ) îáðàíèé êîíñóë) (129 ð.), ðàäíèê Àäð³àíà,<br />
íàì³ñíèê ó Ôðà곿 é À糿, áóâ ãîëîâîþ ïðîêóë³àíö³â (ðàçîì<br />
ç Íåðàö³ºì Ïðèñêîì àáî çðàçó ï³ñëÿ íüîãî). Éîãî þðèäè÷í³<br />
ñóäæåííÿ áóëè íåçàëåæí³, äîòåïí³ ³ ïðîíèêëèâ³. Öåëüñ íàïèñàâ<br />
Äèãåñòè, ó ÿêèõ ïðîàíàë³çóâàâ âñ³ ãàëóç³ ïðèâàòíîãî ïðàâà.<br />
Digesta îá’ºäíàëè óðèâêè ç éîãî á³ëüø ðàíí³õ òâîð³â: Epistûlae<br />
(Ëèñòè), Quaestiones (Ðîçäóìè), Commentarii (Êîìåíòàð³).<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Comitia centuriata — íàðîäí³ çáîðè, íà ÿêèõ ãîëîñóâàííÿ<br />
â³äáóâàëîñÿ çà öåíòóð³ÿìè (centum — 100).<br />
Decemviri — äåöåìâ³ðè, êîì³ñ³ÿ ç 10 øàíîâíèõ îñ³á äëÿ âèêîíàííÿ<br />
ÿêîãî-íåáóäü íàäçâè÷àéíî âàæëèâîãî äîðó÷åííÿ.
Latifundia (lati fundi) — âåëèê³ çåìåëüí³ âîëîä³ííÿ ïðèâàòíèõ<br />
îñ³á àáî ³ìïåðàòîðà äåðæàâè, íà ÿêèõ ïðàöþâàëè ðàáè; õàðàêòåðíå<br />
ÿâèùå äëÿ III ñò. äî í. å.<br />
Servitutes — ñåðâ³òóòè ðå÷îâ³ ïðàâà íà ÷óæó ð³÷, ùî çàáåçïå÷óþòü<br />
ïîâíå àáî ÷àñòêîâå êîðèñòóâàííÿ ð³÷÷þ ³ íåðîçðèâíî<br />
ïîçâ’ÿçàí³ ç ïåâíîþ çåìåëüíîþ ä³ëÿíêîþ ÷è ïåâíîþ îñîáîþ.<br />
ARS<br />
ʳííà ñòàòóÿ Ìàðêà Àâðåë³ÿ,<br />
II ñò. í. å., ÿêà ñòî¿òü çàðàç íà<br />
ïëîù³ Êàï³òîë³ÿ.<br />
Ìàðê Àâðåë³é, ²ìïåðàòîð<br />
Öåçàð Àíòîí³í Àâãóñò íàðîäèâñÿ<br />
â 121 ð., ïðàâèâ â³ä 161 äî 180 ð.<br />
Âèäàòíèé äåðæàâíèé ä³ÿ÷,<br />
îñâ³÷åíèé ³ òàëàíîâèòèé. Çä³éñíèâ<br />
äåÿê³ àäì³í³ñòðàòèâí³ ðåôîðìè,<br />
íåð³äêî çì³íþâàâ ïðàâîâ³<br />
íîðìè. Ìàðê Àâðåë³é — ³ìïåðàòîð<br />
íåçâè÷àéíîãî ñêëàäó — áóâ<br />
îñòàíí³ì çíà÷íèì ô³ëîñîôîì-ñòî-<br />
¿êîì. ϳä ÷àñ ïîõîä³â ïðîòè âàðâàð³â<br />
â³í íàïèñàâ êíèãó, ó ÿê³é<br />
âèêëàâ ñâî¿ ïîãëÿäè íà ñâ³ò. Éîãî<br />
äóìêè áóëè ïåðåéíÿò³ òðèâîãîþ,<br />
çíèê ñïîê³é êîëèñü óïåâíåíîãî â ñîá³ ðèìëÿíèíà, âîëîäàðÿ ñâ³òó:<br />
«×àñ ëþäñüêîãî æèòòÿ ìèòü; éîãî ñóòí³ñòü — â³÷íèé ïåðåá³ã:<br />
â³ä÷óòòÿ íåÿñíå, áóäîâà âñüîãî ò³ëà òë³ííà, äóøà — õèòëèâà,<br />
äîëÿ — çàãàäêîâà, ñëàâà — íåäîñòîâ³ðíà. Îäíèì ñëîâîì óñå, ùî<br />
ñòîñóºòüñÿ ò³ëà, — ïîä³áíå ïîòîêó, ùî ñòîñóºòüñÿ äóø³, — ñíîâèä³ííþ<br />
³ äèìó. Æèòòÿ — áîðîòüáà ³ ìàíäð³âêà ÷óæèíîþ».<br />
123
LECTIO XIX (UNDEVICESIMA)<br />
124<br />
§ 60. MODUS CONIUNCTIVUS<br />
ÓÌÎÂÍÈÉ ÑÏÎѲÁ<br />
Êîí’þíêòèâ, íà â³äì³íó â³ä ³íä³êàòèâà (ä³éñíîãî ñïîñ³áó, ùî<br />
îçíà÷ຠðåàëüíó ä³þ), âèðàæຠìîæëèâ³ñòü, ñóìí³â, íåâ³äîì³ñòü,<br />
ïîáàæàííÿ, ñïîíóêàííÿ, íàì³ð, à òàêîæ ñëóæèòü äëÿ ïåðåäà÷³<br />
íåïðÿìî¿ ìîâè. Âæèâàºòüñÿ êîí’þíêòèâ ïåðåâàæíî â ï³äðÿäíèõ,<br />
àëå íåð³äêî é ó ñóðÿäíèõ ðå÷åííÿõ.<br />
Modus coniunctivus ìຠ÷îòèðè ÷àñè îáîõ ñòàí³â: praesens,<br />
imperfectum, perfectum, plusquamperfectum activi et passivi. Íà óêðà¿íñüêó<br />
ìîâó ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ÷àñòêè á, ùî äîäàºòüñÿ<br />
äî 䳺ñëîâà â ìèíóëîìó ÷àñ³ óìîâíîãî ñïîñîáó äîêîíàíîãî<br />
àáî íåäîêîíàíîãî âèäó: ÿ îáâèíóâàòèâ áè (ÿ îáâèíóâà÷óâàâ<br />
áè). ×àñò³øå ÷àñòêà á óæèâàºòüñÿ ³ç ñïîëó÷íèêîì, à íå ç 䳺ñëîâîì:<br />
êîëè á, ùîá, õî÷à á, ÿêáè.<br />
§ 61. PRAESENS CONIUNCTIVI ACTIVI<br />
ÒÅÏÅÐÅØÍ²É ×ÀÑ ÓÌÎÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ<br />
ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Praesens coniunctivi activi óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ<br />
îñîáîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü -m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt äî îñíîâè ³íôåêòà,<br />
àëå â 䳺ñëîâàõ ² 䳺â³äì³íè ãîëîñíà îñíîâè ³íôåêòà a çì³íþºòüñÿ<br />
íà e, íàïðèêëàä: accusa (îñíîâà ³íôåêòà) – accusem, accuses,<br />
accuset, accusemus, accusetis, accusent; ó 䳺ñëîâàõ II, III, IV<br />
䳺â³äì³í ì³æ îñíîâîþ ³íôåêòà é îñîáîâèìè çàê³í÷åííÿìè ç’ÿâëÿºòüñÿ<br />
ñóô³êñ -à- , íàïðèêëàä: II. moneam, moneas, moneat,<br />
moneamus, moneatis, moneant; III. defendam, defendas, defendat,<br />
defendamus, defendatis, defendant; IV. puniam, punias, puniat,<br />
puniamus, puniatis, puniant.<br />
Praesens coniunctivi activi 䳺ñëîâà esse<br />
Îñîáà Singularis Pluralis<br />
1 sim simus<br />
2 sis sitis<br />
3 sit sint
Óòâîðåííÿ imperfectum, perfectum, plusquamperfectum äëÿ<br />
䳺ñë³â óñ³õ ÷îòèðüîõ 䳺â³äì³í º îäíàêîâèì.<br />
§ 62. IMPERFECTUM CONIUNCTIVI ACTIVI<br />
ÌÈÍÓËÈÉ ×ÀÑ ÍÅÄÎÊÎÍÀÍÎÃÎ ÂÈÄÓ ÓÌÎÂÍÎÃÎ<br />
ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Imperfectum coniunctivi activi óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ<br />
äî ³íô³í³òèâà òåïåð³øíüîãî ÷àñó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó îñîáîâèõ<br />
çàê³í÷åíü:<br />
accusarem<br />
accusares<br />
accusaret<br />
accusaremus<br />
accusaretis<br />
accusarent<br />
I II III IV esse<br />
§ 63. PERFECTUM CONIUNCTIVI ACTIVI<br />
ÌÈÍÓËÈÉ ×ÀÑ ÄÎÊÎÍÀÍÎÃÎ ÂÈÄÓ ÓÌÎÂÍÎÃÎ<br />
ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Perfectum coniunctivi activi óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèºäíóâàííÿ<br />
äî îñíîâè ïåðôåêòà ñóô³êñà -êri- ³ îñîáîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü:<br />
accusavrim<br />
accusavris<br />
accusavrit<br />
accusavermus<br />
accusavertis<br />
accusaverint<br />
monerem<br />
moneres<br />
moneret<br />
moneremus<br />
moneretis<br />
monerent<br />
defendrem<br />
defendres<br />
defendret<br />
defenderemus<br />
defenderetis<br />
defendrent<br />
punirem<br />
punires<br />
puniret<br />
puniremus<br />
puniretis<br />
punirent<br />
essem<br />
esses<br />
esset<br />
essemus<br />
essetis<br />
essent<br />
I II III IV esse<br />
§ 64. PLUSQUAMPERFECTUM CONIUNCTIVI ACTIVI<br />
ÄÀÂÍÜÎÌÈÍÓËÈÉ ×ÀÑ ÄÎÊÎÍÀÍÎÃÎ ÂÈÄÓ<br />
ÓÌÎÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Plusquamperfectum coniunctivi activi óòâîðþºòüñÿ øëÿõîì<br />
ïðèºäíóâàííÿ äî îñíîâè ïåðôåêòà ñóô³êñà -isse- ³ îñîáîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü:<br />
accusavissem<br />
accusavisses<br />
accusavisset<br />
accusavissemus<br />
accusavissetis<br />
accusavissent<br />
monurim<br />
monuris<br />
monurit<br />
monuermus<br />
monuertis<br />
monurint<br />
defendrim<br />
defendris<br />
defendrit<br />
defendermus<br />
defendertis<br />
defendrint<br />
punivrim<br />
punivris<br />
punivrit<br />
punivermus<br />
punivertis<br />
punivrint<br />
furim<br />
furis<br />
furit<br />
fuermus<br />
fuertis<br />
furint<br />
I II III IV esse<br />
monuissem<br />
monuisses<br />
monuisset<br />
monuissemus<br />
monuissetis<br />
monuissent<br />
defendissem<br />
defendisses<br />
defendisset<br />
defendissemus<br />
defendissetis<br />
defendissent<br />
punivissem<br />
punivisses<br />
punivisset<br />
punivissemus<br />
punivissetis<br />
punivissent<br />
fuissem<br />
fuisses<br />
fuisset<br />
fuissemus<br />
fuissetis<br />
fuissent<br />
125
126<br />
§ 65. CONIUNCTIVI PASSIVI<br />
ÓÒÂÎÐÅÍÍß ×ÀѲ ÌÈÍÓËÈÉ ×ÀÑ ÓÌÎÂÍÎÃÎ<br />
ÑÏÎÑÎÁÓ ÏÀÑÈÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÀÍÓ<br />
Praesens òà imperfectum coniunctivi passivi óòâîðþºòüñÿ â³ä<br />
öèõ æå ÷àñ³â àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó øëÿõîì çàì³íè îñîáîâèõ çàê³í÷åíü<br />
àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó íà îñîáîâ³ çàê³í÷åííÿ ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó (-r, -ris,<br />
-tur, -mur, -mîni, -ntur):<br />
Praesens coniunctivi passivi:<br />
accusem — accuser, accuseris, accusetur, accusemur,<br />
accusemîni, accusentur;<br />
moneam — monear, monearis, moneatur, moneamur, moneamîni,<br />
moneantur;<br />
defendam — defendar, defendaris, defendatur, defendamur,<br />
defendamîni, defendantur;<br />
puniam — puniar, puniaris, puniatur, puniamur, puniamîni,<br />
puniantur.<br />
Imperfectum coniunctivi passivi:<br />
accusarem — accusarer, accusareris, accusaretur, accusaremur,<br />
accusaremîni, accusarentur;<br />
monerem — monerer, monereris, moneretur, moneremur,<br />
moneremîni, monerentur;<br />
defendêrem — defendêrer, defendereris, defenderetur,<br />
defenderemur, defenderemîni, defenderentur;<br />
punirem — punirer, punireris, puniretur, puniremur, puniremîni,<br />
punirentur.<br />
Perfectum coniunctivi passivi — ñêëàäåíèé ÷àñ, óòâîðþºòüñÿ çà<br />
äîïîìîãîþ participium perfecti passivi òà îñîáîâèõ ôîðì 䳺ñëîâà<br />
esse ó praesens coniunctivi activi, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
singularis — accusatus (a,um) sim, sis, sit; pluralis —<br />
accusati (ae, a) simus, sitis, sint;<br />
monîtus (a, um) sim, sis, sit; monîti (ae, a) simus, sitis, sint;<br />
defensus (a, um) sim,sis, sit; defensi (ae, a) simus, sitis, sint;<br />
punitus (a, um) sim, sis, sit; puniti (ae, a) simus, sitis, sint.<br />
Plusquamperfectum coniunctivi passivi — ñêëàäåíèé ÷àñ, óòâîðþ-<br />
ºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ participium perfecti passivi â³äì³íþâàíîãî 䳺ñëîâà<br />
é îñîáîâèõ ôîðì 䳺ñëîâà esse ó imperfectum coniunctivi activi:<br />
singularis — accusatus (a, um) essem, esses, esset; pluralis —<br />
accusati (ae, a) essemus, essetis, essent.<br />
monîtus (a, um) essem, esses, esset; monîti (ae, a) essemus,<br />
essetis, essent;
defensus (a, um) essem, esses, esset; defensi (ae, a) essemus,<br />
essetis, essent;<br />
punitus (a, um) essem, esses, esset; puniti (ae, a) essemus,<br />
essetis, essent.<br />
§ 66. ÂÆÈÂÀÍÍß ÊÎÍ’ÞÍÊÒÈÂÀ Â ÍÅÇÀËÅÆÍÈÕ<br />
ÐÅ×ÅÍÍßÕ<br />
Çàëåæíî â³ä çíà÷åííÿ êîí’þíêòèâ ó íåçàëåæíèõ ðå÷åííÿõ ìàº<br />
â³äïîâ³äíó íàçâó:<br />
Coniunctivus optativus (â³ä 䳺ñëîâà opto — áàæàòè) âèðàæàº<br />
áàæàííÿ (praesens — çä³éñíåííå, imperfectum — íåçä³éñíåííå).<br />
Çâè÷àéíî âæèâàºòüñÿ ñëîâî utînam! — î ÿêáè!; çàïåðå÷åííÿ ne.<br />
Utînam sciat. — Î, ÿêáè â³í çíàâ!<br />
Ne sim salvus. — Ïðèñÿãàþñü ñâî¿ì çäîðîâ’ÿì! (Õàé ìåí³ íå<br />
áóòè çäîðîâèì!)<br />
Coniunctivus hortativus (â³ä 䳺ñëîâà hortor — ñïîíóêàòè) âèðàæàº<br />
ñïîíóêàííÿ, çàêëèê. Âæèâàºòüñÿ â praesens ïåðøà îñîáà<br />
ìíîæèíè; çàïåðå÷åííÿ ne.<br />
Serviamus patriae! — Ñëóæ³ìî áàòüê³âùèí³!<br />
Quod sentimus, loquamur. — Ãîâîð³ìî òå, ùî äóìàºìî!<br />
Coniunctivus imperativus âèðàæຠíàêàç, ïîáàæàííÿ, ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ<br />
çâè÷àéíî íàêàçîâèì ñïîñîáîì. Âæèâàºòüñÿ Praesens ó<br />
ôîðì³ äðóãî¿ àáî òðåòüî¿ îñîáè.<br />
Audiatur et altêra pars! — Íåõàé áóäå âèñëóõàíà é ³íøà ñòîðîíà!<br />
Taceas! — Ìîâ÷è! Ïîìîâ÷!<br />
Coniunctivus prohibitivus âèðàæຠçàáîðîíó, çàâæäè âæèâàºòüñÿ<br />
ç çàïåðå÷åíîþ ÷àñòêîþ ne, çâè÷àéíî â äðóã³é ³ òðåò³é îñîá³<br />
îäíèíè àáî ìíîæèíè.<br />
Ne venias! — Íå ïðèõîäü!<br />
Ne veniant! — Íåõàé âîíè íå ïðèõîäÿòü!<br />
Coniunctivus concessivus (â³ä 䳺ñëîâà concedo, cessi, cessum —<br />
ïîñòóïàòèñÿ) îçíà÷ຠäîïóùåííÿ àáî ïîñòóïêó; âæèâàºòüñÿ â<br />
praesens àáî imperfectum; çàïåðå÷åíà ÷àñòêà ne.<br />
Velis nolis. — Õî÷åø, ÷è í³.<br />
Ne sit hoc iter difficîle. — Ïðèïóñòèìî, ùî öåé øëÿõ íåâàæêèé.<br />
Sit hoc verum. — Ïðèïóñòèìî, ùî öå ïðàâäà.<br />
Coniunctivus potentialis (â³ä ³ìåííèêà potentia, ae, f — ìîãóòí³ñòü,<br />
ìîæëèâ³ñòü) âèðàæຠìîæëèâ³ñòü àáî íåð³øó÷å ñòâåðäæåííÿ;<br />
çàïåðå÷åííÿ non; âæèâàºòüñÿ praesens, imperfectum,<br />
perfectum.<br />
127
Quis putaret? — Õòî ì³ã (áè) ïîäóìàòè?<br />
Hoc non dicam. — ß, ìàáóòü, öüîãî íå ñêàæó.<br />
Coniunctivus dubitativus (â³ä 䳺ñëîâà dubîto — ñóìí³âàòèñÿ)<br />
âèðàæຠì³ðêóâàííÿ, çäèâóâàííÿ, ñóìí³â; çàïåðå÷åíà ÷àñòêà non.<br />
Quid agâmus? — Ùî íàì ðîáèòè?<br />
Quid agêrem? — Ùî ìåí³ áóëî ðîáèòè?<br />
Âïðàâà<br />
Ïåðåêëàä³òü, âèçíà÷òå ôîðìè 䳺ñë³â:<br />
1. Gaudeamus igîtur, iuvênes dum sumus! 2. Vivat nostra<br />
civîtas! 3. Valeant cives mei, sint incolûmes, sint beati, stet<br />
haec urbs praeclara (Cic.). 4. Amemus patriam nostram,<br />
legîbus pareamus. 5. Nunc transeamus ad obligationes<br />
(Gai.). 6. Respondeat superior. 7. Vivat, crescat, floreat!<br />
8. Sit venia verbo. 9. Ad decus et ad libertatem nati sumus:<br />
aut haec teneamus aut cum dignitate moriamur.<br />
10. Praeterîta omittamus. 11. Feci, quod potui, faciant<br />
meliora potentes. 12. Qui habet aures audiendi, audiat.<br />
13. Usque ad vespêrum diem ne laudes.14. Quod tibi fiêri<br />
non vis, altêri ne fecêris. 15. Dictis facta ne dissentiat. 16. Ne<br />
per caput tuum iuravêris. 17. Fiat iustitia, pereat mundus!<br />
18. Quid addi possit? 19. Dixit que Deus: Fiat lux. Et facta<br />
est lux (Vulg.). 20. Et ait (Deus): Faciamus homînem ad<br />
imagînem et similitudînem nostram (Vulg.). 21. Cedant<br />
arma togae. (Cic.). 22. Quis faciant leges, ubi sola pecunia<br />
regnat? 23. Ita te Deus adiuvet.<br />
Ñëîâíèê<br />
128<br />
1. igîtur — îòæå; iuvênis, e — ìîëîäèé, þíèé.<br />
3. sint — esse ó praes. con.; sto, steti, statum, stare — ñòîÿòè;<br />
hic, haec, hoc — öåé, íàø; praeclarus, a, um — ïðåêðàñíèé;<br />
incolûmis, e — ö³ëèé, íåóøêîäæåíèé; beatus, a, um — ùàñëèâèé.<br />
4. pareo, ui, îtum, ere — êîðèòèñÿ.<br />
7. cresco, crevi, cretum, êre — ðîñòè, çðîñòàòè; floreo, ui, ere —<br />
ïðîöâ³òàòè, çíàõîäèòèñÿ íà âåðøèí³ ñëàâè.<br />
8. venia, ae f — ìèë³ñòü, ïðîùåííÿ, ïîëåãê³ñòü.<br />
9. decus, decoris n — ÷åñòü; teneo, tenui, tentum, ere — áåðåãòè;<br />
morior, mortuus sum, mori — óìèðàòè (teneamus,<br />
moriamur — coniunctivus hortativus).
10. praeterîtus, a, um — ìèíóëèé; omitto, misi, missum, êre —<br />
óìîâ÷óâàòè (òóò: íå ãîâîðèòè), (omittamus — coniunctivus<br />
hortativus).<br />
11. possum, potui, –, posse — ìîãòè; potens, entis — çäàòíèé,<br />
ùî â쳺.<br />
12. auris, is f — âóõî.<br />
13. usque — àæ äî; vesper, êris m — âå÷³ð; dies, ei m (f) — äåíü;<br />
laudo, avi, atum, are — õâàëèòè.<br />
14. fio, factus sum, fiêri — â³äáóâàòèñÿ, ðîáèòèñÿ, â³äáóâàòèñÿ;<br />
vis äèâ.: volo, volui,–,velle; alter, êra, êrum — ³íøî¿.<br />
15. factum, i n — â÷èíîê; dissentio, sensi, sensum, ire — ðîçõîäèòèñÿ.<br />
16. iuro, avi, atum, are — êëÿñòèñÿ.<br />
17. pereo, ii(ivi), îtum, ire — ãèíóòè.<br />
18. addo, dîdi, dîtum, êre — äîäàâàòè; possit äèâ. possum.<br />
19. Deus, i m — Áîã, dixit äèâ.: dico; lux, lucis f — ñâ³òëî.<br />
20. imago, î nis f — îáðàç; similitudo, î nis f — ïîä³áí³ñòü,<br />
ñõîæ³ñòü.<br />
21. cedo, cessi, cessum, êre — ïîñòóïàòèñÿ.<br />
22. solus, a, um — ëèøå îäèí; regno, avi, atum, are — öàðþâàòè,<br />
ïàíóâàòè.<br />
23. adiûvo, iuvi, iutum, are — äîïîìàãàòè.<br />
GAUDEAMUS<br />
̳æíàðîäíèé ã³ìí ñòóäåíò³â, ìóçèêà ÿêîãî áóëà íàïèñàíà ôëàìàíäöåì<br />
Éîãàííîì Îêåíãåéìîì ó XV ñò., à òåêñò ó éîãî ïîøèðåíîìó âèãëÿä³ —<br />
ó 1781 ð. ìàíäð³âíèì ïîåòîì Ê. Â. ʳíäåðëåáåíîì (ïî÷àòêîâà âåðñ³ÿ,<br />
éìîâ³ðíî, íàëåæèòü äî XIV ñò. ³ ÿâíî ñêëàäåíà ñòóäåíòàìè îäíîãî ç í³ìåöüêèõ<br />
óí³âåðñèòåò³â, ìîæëèâî Ãåéäåëüáåðçüêîãî). Ï. ². ×àéêîâñüêèé ó<br />
1874 ð. ïåðåêëàâ ìóçèêó äëÿ ÷îòèðèãîëîñíîãî ÷îëîâ³÷îãî õîðó ç ôîðòåï³àíî,<br />
â òîìó æ ðîö³ ï³ä ïñåâäîí³ìîì Á. Ë. (òàê ×àéêîâñüêèé ï³äïèñóâàâ<br />
ñâî¿ ìóçèêàëüí³ ôåéëåòîíè) áóëà âèäàíà õîðîâà ïàðòèòóðà.<br />
Gaudeamus igtur,<br />
Iuvnes dum sumus!<br />
Post iucundam<br />
iuventutem,<br />
Post molestam senectutem<br />
Nos habebit humus (bis).<br />
Ubi sunt, qui ante nos<br />
In mundo fuere?<br />
Transeas ad supros,<br />
Transeas ad infros,<br />
Hos si vis videre! (bis).<br />
}bis<br />
}bis<br />
,<br />
, !<br />
, ,<br />
, —<br />
!<br />
<br />
?<br />
,<br />
,<br />
!<br />
129
Vita nostra brevis est,<br />
Brevi finietur;<br />
Venit mors velocter,<br />
Rapit nos atrocter,<br />
Nemni parcetur (bis).<br />
Vivat Academia,<br />
Vivant professores!<br />
Vivat membrum quodlbet<br />
Vivant membra quaelbet,<br />
Semper sint in flore! (bis).<br />
Vivant omnes virgnes,<br />
Gracles, formosae!<br />
Vivant et mulires<br />
Tenrae, amables,<br />
Bonae, laboriosae!(bis)<br />
Vivat et Respublca<br />
Et qui illam regunt!<br />
Vivat nostra civtas,<br />
Maecenatum cartas,<br />
Qui nos hic<br />
protegunt!(bis).<br />
Pereat tristitia,<br />
Pereant dolores,<br />
Pereat diablus,<br />
Quivis antiburschius<br />
Atque irrisores! (bis)<br />
130<br />
}bis<br />
}bis<br />
}bis<br />
}bis<br />
}bis<br />
, ,<br />
’ .<br />
<br />
,<br />
!<br />
,<br />
.<br />
-,<br />
<br />
!<br />
<br />
!<br />
<br />
, ,<br />
, !<br />
<br />
!<br />
-<br />
, ,<br />
!<br />
, ,<br />
!<br />
,<br />
,<br />
.<br />
(Ïåðåêëàä Â. Ëèòâèíîâà)<br />
fuere = fuerunt (sum, fui, –, esse);<br />
supêri, orum m — òóò: íåáîæèòåë³;<br />
transîte — äèâ.: transeo;<br />
infêri, orum m — òóò: ìåøêàíö³ ïåêëà;<br />
Maecênas, atis m — Ìåöåíàò (I ñò. äî í. å. â³äîìèé îï³êóí Ãîðàö³ÿ,<br />
Ïðîïåðö³ÿ, Âåðã³ë³ÿ; òóò âæèòî â çàãàëüíîìó çíà÷åíí³);<br />
carîtas, atis f — ïðèõèëüí³ñòü, ìèë³ñòü;<br />
pereat, pereant — äèâ.: pereo;<br />
antiburschius, i m [àíò³áóðø³óñ] — âîðîã ñòóäåíò³â (ñëîâî, øòó÷íî<br />
óòâîðåíå â³ä í³ìåöüêîãî Bursch — ñòóäåíò);<br />
irrisor, oris m — ãëóçëèâåöü.
PATER NOSTER<br />
Pater noster, qui es in coelis: sanctificetur nomen tuum. Adveniat<br />
regnum tuum. Fiat voluntas tua, sicut in coelo et in terra. Panem<br />
nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie. Et dimitte nobis debîta nostra,<br />
sicut et nos dimittîmus debitorîbus nostris. Et ne nos inducas in<br />
tentationem, sed libêra nos a malo. Amen.<br />
(Vulg.)<br />
sanctifîco, –, –, are — îñâÿ÷óâàòè;<br />
quotidianus, a, um — ïîâñÿêäåííèé;<br />
tentatio (temptatio), onis f — ñïîêóñà.<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Sabinus Masurius<br />
Ñàá³í Ìàçóð³é (² ñò. í. å.)<br />
Áóâ ïðîñòîãî ïîõîäæåííÿ, ³ñíóâàâ òðèâàëèé ÷àñ çà ðàõóíîê<br />
ãîíîðàð³â â³ä ñâî¿õ ó÷í³â. Ò³ëüêè â 50 ðîê³â ç³áðàâ ãðîø³ íà îñàäíèöüêèé<br />
öåíç. ²ìïåðàòîð Òèáåð³é íàäàâ éîìó, ïåðøîìó ç âåðøíèê³â<br />
(equîtus), ïðàâî äàâàòè â³äïîâ³ä³ (ius respondendi). Ïèñàòè<br />
ïî÷àâ ùå çà Íåðîíà. Ãîëîâíà éîãî ïðàöÿ Ius civile çá³ãàºòüñÿ ç<br />
íàçâîþ òâîðó Ñöåâîëè, ï³ä âïëèâîì ÿêîãî ôîðìóâàëèñÿ ïîãëÿäè<br />
Ñàá³íà. Ius civile (òðè êíèãè) áóëè ï³äðó÷íèêîì ³ êîìåíòóâàëèñÿ<br />
áàãàòüìà þðèñòàìè äî III ñò.<br />
Ìàçóð³é Ñàá³í ðàçîì ç³ ñâî¿ì ó÷íåì Êàññ³ºì Ëîíã³íîì ñòâîðèâ<br />
ïðàâîâó øêîëó, ùî îäåðæàëà íàçâó øêîëè ñàá³í³àíö³â. Ñàá³í³àíö³<br />
(Sabiniani) — àâòîðèòåòíå ³ì’ÿ â ³ñòî𳿠ðèìñüêîãî ïðàâà.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Ecclesia (ãðåö. åkklesia — çáîðè) — õðèñòèÿíñüêèé õðàì, ãðîìàäà,<br />
öåðêâà.<br />
ϳñëÿ òðüîõ ñòîë³òü ï³äï³ëëÿ ³ ïåðåñë³äóâàíü Êîñòÿíòèí I ó<br />
313 ð. âèçíàâ õðèñòèÿíñòâî ðåë³ã³ºþ, ð³âíîö³ííîþ ³íøèì êóëüòàì,<br />
à Ôåîäîñ³é I ó 380 ð. çðîáèâ éîãî äåðæàâíîþ ðåë³ã³ºþ.<br />
Episcôpus (ãðåö. ñìîòðèòåëü, íàäçèðàòåëü) — ºïèñêîï ó ñâî¿é<br />
ºïàðõ³¿ âåðøèòü ïðàâîñóääÿ íàä äóõîâíèìè îñîáàìè, ó ï³ñëÿêëàñè÷íèé<br />
ïåð³îä âèñòóïຠòàêîæ ó ðîë³ ìèðîâîãî ñóää³ â ñóïåðå÷êàõ<br />
ì³æ ñâ³òñüêèìè îñîáàìè (episcopalis audientia), âèêîðèñòîâóþ÷è<br />
âèñîêèé àâòîðèòåò öåðêâè.<br />
Apostôli — àïîñòîëè, ïðîïîâ³äíèêè «ñëîâà áîæîãî».<br />
131
132<br />
ARS<br />
Ñòàòóÿ ðèìëÿíèíà, ùî çä³éñíþº<br />
æåðòîâíå âîçëèÿííÿ. I ñò. äî í. å. (Ðèì,<br />
Âàòèêàí).<br />
Ðèìëÿíèí çàäðàï³ðîâàíèé ó òîãó —<br />
òîãàòóñà, ó ðóö³ â íüîãî æåðòîâíà ÷àøà.<br />
Ðîçì³ðåíèì ðóõîì ë³âî¿ ðóêè â³í í³áè äîïîìàãàº<br />
âèìîâëÿòè ñëîâà ìîëèòâè, ÷àøà â<br />
ïðàâ³é ðóö³ íàõèëåíà, ³ ñòâîðþºòüñÿ âðàæåííÿ,<br />
ùî æåðòîâíà âîëîãà ïîâèííà ïðîëèòèñÿ<br />
â öåé ìîìåíò íà â³âòàð.
LECTIO XX (VICESIMA)<br />
§ 67. CONSECUTIO TEMPORUM<br />
ÏÎÑ˲ÄÎÂͲÑÒÜ ×ÀѲÂ<br />
Âæèâàííÿ ÷àñ³â êîí’þíêòèâó â ï³äðÿäíîìó ðå÷åíí³ çàëåæèòü<br />
â³ä ïðàâèëà ïîñë³äîâíîñò³ ÷àñ³â (consecutio temporum), ÿêå â³äîáðàæàº<br />
çàëåæí³ñòü óìîâíîãî ñïîñîáó, âæèòîãî â ï³äðÿäíîìó ðå-<br />
÷åíí³, â³ä ïðèñóäêà ãîëîâíîãî ðå÷åííÿ. ×àñ êîí’þíêòèâà â ï³äðÿäíîìó<br />
ðå÷åíí³ çàëåæèòü â³ä äâîõ ôàêòîð³â:<br />
1) ó ÿêèé ÷àñîâ³é ôîðì³ ñòî¿òü 䳺ñëîâî-ïðèñóäîê ãîëîâíîãî<br />
ðå÷åííÿ;<br />
2) ÿê ñï³ââ³äíîñèòüñÿ â ÷àñ³ ä³ÿ ãîëîâíîãî ðå÷åííÿ ç 䳺þ<br />
ï³äðÿäíîãî.<br />
Óñ³ 䳺ñë³âí³ ÷àñè â ëàòèíñüê³é ìîâ³ ïîä³ëÿþòüñÿ íà ãîëîâí³<br />
é ³ñòîðè÷í³.<br />
Ãîëîâí³: praesens, futurum I, futurum II, imperativus praesentis,<br />
imperativus futuri.<br />
²ñòîðè÷í³: imperfectum, perfectum, plusquamperfectum.<br />
Ïðàâèëî âæèâàííÿ ÷àñ³â coniunctivus ó ï³äðÿäíîìó ðå÷åíí³<br />
ïîëÿãຠâ òàêîìó: ÿêùî â ãîëîâíîìó ðå÷åíí³ ïðèñóäîê âèðàæåíèé<br />
îäíèì ç ãîëîâíèõ ÷àñ³â, òî â ï³äðÿäíîìó:<br />
äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ îäíî÷àñíî¿ ä³¿ íåîáõ³äíî âæèòè ïðèñóäîê<br />
ó praesens coniunctivi;<br />
äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ ïîïåðåäíüî¿ ä³¿ — â perfectum coniunctivi;<br />
äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ ìàéáóòíüî¿ ä³¿ âæèâàºòüñÿ îñîáëèâà ôîðìà<br />
íà -urus sim (sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint), òîáòî ôîðìà participium<br />
futuri activi ç 䳺ñëîâîì esse ó praesens coniunctivi, ùî ÿâëÿº ñîáîþ<br />
îïèñîâó 䳺â³äì³íó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó — Coniugatio periphrastîca<br />
activi. Ó Coniugatio periphrastîca activi participium futuri<br />
activi ìîæå ïîºäíóâàòèñÿ ç 䳺ñëîâîì esse ó âñ³õ ÷àñàõ.<br />
ßêùî æ ïðèñóäîê ãîëîâíîãî ðå÷åííÿ âæèâàºòüñÿ â îäíîìó ç ³ñòîðè÷íèõ<br />
÷àñ³â, òî ïðèñóäîê ï³äðÿäíîãî ðå÷åííÿ ïðèéìຠôîðìó:<br />
imperfectum coniunctivi — äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ îäíî÷àñíîñò³;<br />
plusquamperfectum coniunctivi — äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ ïîïåðåäíüî¿<br />
䳿;<br />
ôîðìà íà -urus essem (esses, esset, essemus, essetis,<br />
essent), òîáòî ôîðìà participium futuri activi + esse ó imperfectum<br />
— äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ ìàéáóòíüî¿ ä³¿.<br />
133
134<br />
<br />
:<br />
Praesens<br />
Futurum I<br />
Futurum II<br />
Imperativus<br />
:<br />
Imperfectum<br />
Perfectum<br />
Plusquamperfectum<br />
Consecutio tempôrum<br />
§ 68. QUAESTIO OBLIQUA<br />
ÍÅÏÐßÌÅ ÏÈÒÀÍÍß<br />
Íåïðÿìå ïèòàííÿ — öå îñîáëèâèé âèä ï³äðÿäíîãî ðå÷åííÿ,<br />
ïðèñóäîê ÿêîãî íàé÷àñò³øå ïðèéìຠôîðìó óìîâíîãî ñïîñîáó<br />
(coniunctivus).<br />
Íåïðÿìå ïèòàííÿ ââîäèòüñÿ:<br />
1) ïèòàëüíèì çàéìåííèêîì: quis — õòî, quid — ùî, qui —<br />
ÿêèé, quae — ÿêà, quod — ÿêå;<br />
2) ïèòàëüíèìè ïðèñë³âíèêàìè ³ ñïîëó÷íèêàìè: quo — êóäè,<br />
quam — ÿê, íàñê³ëüêè, ubi — äå, quando — êîëè, cur — ÷îìó;<br />
3) ïèòàëüíèìè ÷àñòêàìè: ne — íå, ÷è, íå … ÷è, num — õ³áà,<br />
íå âæå, utrum … an — ÷è…÷è…, nonne — ÷è, íåâæå, õ³áà íå.<br />
×àñ óìîâíîãî ñïîñîáó âæèâàºòüñÿ â íåïðÿìîìó ïèòàíí³ çà<br />
ïðàâèëîì consecutio tempôrum.<br />
Íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Scio, quem defendas (praes. coniunct.), defendêris (perf. coniunct.),<br />
defensurus sis (ôîðìà íà -urus sim). — ß çíàþ, êîãî òè<br />
çàõèùàºø, çàõèùàâ, áóäåø çàõèùàòè.<br />
Scivi, quem defendêres (imperf. coniunct.), defendisses, (plusquamperf.<br />
coniunct.), defensurus esses (ôîðìà íà -urus essem). —<br />
ß çíàâ, êîãî òè çàõèùàâ, çàõèñòèâ, áóäåø çàõèùàòè.<br />
Âïðàâè<br />
<br />
<br />
Perfectum<br />
Praesens <br />
coniunctivi<br />
coniunctivi –urus sim<br />
Plusquamperfectum<br />
coniunctivi<br />
Imperfectum<br />
coniunctivi<br />
<br />
–urus essem<br />
I. Óòâîð³òü ôîðìè 䳺ïðèêìåòíèê³â participium praesentis activi,<br />
participium perfecti passivi, participium futuri activi â³ä 䳺ñë³â:<br />
interrogo, avi, atum, are — çàïèòóâàòè;<br />
praevenio, veni, ventum, ire — ïîïåðåäæàòè;
furror, atus sum, ari — êðàñòè;<br />
facio, feci, factum, êre — ä³ÿòè, òâîðèòè.<br />
II. Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. Quaesitum est, an rata debeat haberi conventio. 2. Si<br />
iudex interrôgat, responde! 3. In permutatione discerni non<br />
potest, uter emptor, uter vendîtor sit (Paul.). 4. Si necessarium<br />
erit pro patria nostra pugnare, nullum hostem<br />
timebîmus. 5. Testis officium est dicêre, quae sciat aut<br />
audivêrit. 6. Incertum est hominîbus, quid cras futurum s³t.<br />
7. Diogênes interrogatus, cur lucernam die accendisset,<br />
«Homînem», — inquit, — «quaero». 8. Qui quaestionem<br />
habiturus est, non debet specialîter interrogare, an Lucius<br />
Titius homicidium fecêrit, sed generalîter, quis id fecêrit:<br />
altêrum enim magis suggerentis, quam requirentis [esse]<br />
videtur (Ulp.).<br />
Ñëîâíèê<br />
1. quaero, quaesivi, quaesitum, êre — çàïèòóâàòè; an — ÷è, õ³áà,<br />
íåâæå; ratum habere — ðàòèô³êóâàòè (â³ä reor, ratus sum,<br />
reri); debeo, ui, îtum, ere — áóòè çîáîâ’ÿçàíèì, òóò: âèïëèâàòè;<br />
conventio, onis, f — óãîäà.<br />
3. permutatio, onis f — îáì³í, ì³íà; discerno, crevi, cretum,<br />
êre — ðîçð³çíÿòè.<br />
6. incertus, a, um — íåâèçíà÷åíèé, íåâ³äîìèé.<br />
7. Diogênes, is m — ijîãåí; lucerna, ae f — ñâ³÷êà; accendo,<br />
cendi, censum, êre — çàïàëþâàòè; inquit — ñêàçàâ (â³ä<br />
inquam (defect)); quaero — ÿ øóêàþ (â³ä inquiro, sivi, situm,<br />
êre); tenebrae, arum f, pl — òåìðÿâà, ñóòèíêè, ìîðîê.<br />
8. quaestionem habere — âåñòè äîïèò, ðîáèòè ðîçñë³äóâàííÿ;<br />
specialîter — îñîáëèâî, çîêðåìà; homicidium, ii, n — óáèâñòâî;<br />
generalîter — óçàãàë³; altêrum — ³íàêøå; suggerentis<br />
... requirentis — gen. characteristicus (ïðåäìåòîì õàðàêòåðèñòèêè,<br />
äî ÿêîãî íàëåæàòü ö³ ñëîâà, º ïðîïóùåíå ñëîâî «ñë³äñòâî»<br />
÷è «ñë³ä÷èé»); requiro, quisivi, quisitum, êre — øóêàòè,<br />
â³äøóêóâàòè, ç’ÿñîâóâàòè; suggêro, gessi, gestum, êre —<br />
íàíîñèòè, ñïîðóäæóâàòè, âñåëÿòè, òóò: íàâ’ÿçóâàòè.<br />
DE VERBIS LEGATORUM<br />
Per vindicationem his verbis legamus: do, lego, capîto, sumîto,<br />
sibi habeto.<br />
Per damnationem — his verbis: heres meus damnas esto dare,<br />
dato, facîto, heredem meum dare iubeo.<br />
135
Sinendi modo — ita: heres meus damnas esto sinêre lucium titium<br />
sumêre illam rem sibique habere.<br />
Per praeceptionem — sic: Lucius titius illam rem praecipîto.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
legatum, i n — ëåãàò, çàïîâ³äàëüíà â³ä<strong>ìîâà</strong>;<br />
lego, avi, atum, are — òóò: â³äìîâëÿòè çà çàïîâ³òîì (ìàºòüñÿ íà óâàç³<br />
ëåãàò);<br />
per vindicationem — çà äîïîìîãîþ âèòðåáóâàííÿ (â³íäèêàö³¿);<br />
per damnationem — çà äîïîìîãîþ íàêëàäåííÿ çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ;<br />
sinendi modo — çà äîïîìîãîþ äîçâîëó;<br />
per praeceptionem — ÷åðåç ïðåöåïö³þ;<br />
damnas (àðõà¿÷íà ôîðìà 䳺ïðèêìåòíèêà damnatus, a, um) — ïðèðå-<br />
÷åíèé, çîáîâ’ÿçàíèé.<br />
136<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Neratius Priscus Lucius<br />
Íåðàö³é Ïð³ñê Ëóö³é — âïëèâîâèé äåðæàâíèé ä³ÿ÷ ³ òàëàíîâèòèé<br />
þðèñò, ÿêèé æèâ ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ I ñò. í. å. Ó 87 ð. îá³éìàâ<br />
ïîñàäó ïðåôåêòà äåðæàâíî¿ êàçíè (praefectus aerarii Saturni), ó 97 ð.<br />
áóâ íàì³ñíèêîì ó Ïàííîí³¿. Íåðàö³é áóâ ðàäíèêîì Òðàÿíà (ÿêèé<br />
í³áèòî áàæàâ çðîáèòè éîãî ñâî¿ì íàñòóïíèêîì) ³ Àäð³àíà. Ðàçîì ç<br />
Öåëüñîì – ñèíîì î÷îëþâàâ øêîëó ïðîêóë³àíö³â. Òâîðè Íåðàö³ÿ:<br />
Responsa, Regûlae, Membranae (Ïåðãàìåíòè), Epistûlae, De nuptiis<br />
(Ïðî øëþáè), Ex Plautio.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Adversarius — ñóïðîòèâíèê, ïðîòèâíà ñòîðîíà â ïðàâîâ³é<br />
ñïðàâ³.<br />
Advocatus (ñèíîí³ì — ñausidîcus) (ïîêëèêàíèé, çàïðîøåíèé)<br />
ïðîöåñóàëüíèé ïîì³÷íèê ñòîðîíè, ÿêèé ï³äòðèìóâàâ ¿¿ ñâî¿ì îñîáèñòèì<br />
³íòåðåñîì ³ þðèäè÷íèìè ïîðàäàìè.<br />
Appellatio — àïåëÿö³ÿ, îñêàðæåííÿ ñóäîâîãî ð³øåííÿ.<br />
Decretum — ð³øåííÿ ñòîñîâíî ñóäîâèõ ñïðàâ.<br />
Definitio — âèçíà÷åííÿ, ðîç’ÿñíåííÿ þðèäè÷íèõ ïîíÿòü.<br />
Institutio — ³íñòèòóö³ÿ, êîðîòêå åëåìåíòàðíå êåð³âíèöòâî.<br />
Iurisprudentia — ïðàâîçíàâñòâî.<br />
Mandatum — ³íñòðóêö³ÿ ÷èíîâíèêàì ùîäî àäì³í³ñòðàòèâíèõ<br />
³ ñóäîâèõ ïèòàíü.
ARS<br />
Àðêà Ñåïò³ì³ÿ Ñåâåðà<br />
áóëà ïîñòàâëåíà íà<br />
Ðèìñüêîìó ôîðóì³ ç íàãîäè<br />
äåñÿòèë³òíüî¿ ð³÷íèö³<br />
öàðþâàííÿ Ñåïòèì³ÿ Ñåâåðà<br />
é â îçíàìåíóâàííÿ<br />
éîãî ïåðåìîã ó 203 ð.<br />
137
LECTIO XXI (VICESIMA PRIMA)<br />
138<br />
§ 69. ϲÄÐßÄͲ ÐÅ×ÅÍÍß ÌÅÒÈ Ç UT ² NE FINALE<br />
ϳäðÿäí³ ðå÷åííÿ ìåòè ïîºäíóþòüñÿ ç ãîëîâíèì ñïîëó÷íèêàìè<br />
ut — ùîá, äëÿ òîãî, ùîá, ne — ùîá íå, ut non — ùî íå, ùîá<br />
íå. Ö³ ñïîëó÷íèêè â öüîìó ðàç³ íàçèâàþòüñÿ ut finale òà ne finale<br />
(â³ä finis — ìåòà).<br />
Ó ï³äðÿäíèõ ðå÷åííÿõ ìåòè âæèâàºòüñÿ êîí’þíêòèâ â³äïîâ³äíî<br />
äî ïðàâèëà consecutio tempôrum: ï³ñëÿ ãîëîâíèõ ÷àñ³â —<br />
praesens coniunctivi, ï³ñëÿ ³ñòîðè÷íèõ — imperfectum coniunctivi.<br />
²íø³ ÷àñè â ï³äðÿäíèõ ìåòè íå âæèâàþòüñÿ, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Edîmus, ut vivamus, non vivîmus, ut edamus. — Ìè ¿ìî äëÿ<br />
òîãî, ùîá æèòè, à íå æèâåìî äëÿ òîãî, ùîá ¿ñòè.<br />
Misîmus, ut nuntium apportares. — Ìè ïîñëàëè, ùîá òè ïðèí³ñ<br />
çâ³ñòêó.<br />
§ 70. ϲÄÐßÄͲ ÐÅ×ÅÍÍß ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÈ<br />
ϳäðÿäí³ ðå÷åííÿ ïðè÷èíè ïðèºäíóþòüñÿ äî ãîëîâíîãî ð³çíèìè<br />
ñïîëó÷íèêàìè cum causale (causa — ïðè÷èíà), quod, quia,<br />
quoniam. Ïåðåêëàäàþòüñÿ óñ³ âîíè îäíàêîâî: îñê³ëüêè; òîìó ùî;<br />
âíàñë³äîê òîãî, ùî.<br />
Ó ï³äðÿäíèõ ðå÷åííÿõ ç cum causale ïðèñóäîê âæèâàºòüñÿ â<br />
êîí’þíêòèâ³, ÷àñ ÿêîãî â³äïîâ³äຠïðàâèëó consecutio tempôrum,<br />
íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Locatio et conductio non verbis, sed consensu contrahîtur, cum<br />
naturalis iuris sit. — Äîãîâ³ð íàéìó, îñê³ëüêè â³í íàëåæèòü äî ãàëóç³<br />
ïðèðîäíîãî ïðàâà, óêëàäàºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ óãîäè, à íå çà<br />
äîïîìîãîþ ñë³â (ñòèïóëÿö³¿).<br />
Ñïîëó÷íèêè quod, quia, quoniam âæèâàþòüñÿ ç ³íäèêàòèâîì<br />
(ÿêùî â ðå÷åíí³ íå âèðàæàºòüñÿ ÷èÿñü ñóá’ºêòèâíà äóìêà), íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Credo, quia absurdum est. — ³ðþ, òîìó ùî öå áåçãëóçäî.<br />
§ 71. ϲÄÐßÄͲ ÐÅ×ÅÍÍß ÍÀÑ˲ÄÊÓ<br />
ϳäðÿäí³ ðå÷åííÿ íàñë³äêó ïðèºäíóþòüñÿ äî ãîëîâíîãî çà<br />
äîïîìîãîþ ñïîëó÷íèêà ut (ùî, òàê ùî) ÷è ut non (ùî íå, òàê ùî íå)
ñonsecutivum (íàñë³äêîâå â³ä 䳺ñëîâà consequor, consecutus sum,<br />
consequi, êre — âèïëèâàòè).<br />
Ó ï³äðÿäíèõ íàñë³äêó ïðèñóäîê çàâæäè âæèâàºòüñÿ â êîí’þíêòèâ³,<br />
à âæèâàííÿ ÷àñ³â â³äïîâ³äຠïðàâèëó consecutio tempôrum,<br />
íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Nulla gens est quae non ita pacata sit, ut victoria nostra imperioque<br />
laetetur. — Íåìຠòàêîãî íàðîäó, ÿêèé íå ïðèìèðèâñÿ á<br />
íàñò³ëüêè, àáè ðàä³òè íàø³é ïåðåìîç³ ³ íàøîìó ïàíóâàííþ.<br />
§ 72. ϲÄÐßÄͲ ÄÎÏÓÑÒβ ÐÅ×ÅÍÍß<br />
ϳäðÿäí³ äîïóñòîâ³ ïîºäíóþòüñÿ ç ãîëîâíèì ðå÷åííÿì ñïîëó÷íèêàìè<br />
ut, cum (concessivum, òîáòî äîïóñòîâ³), quamquam,<br />
quamvis, etsi, etiamsi, tametsi, licet, êîæíèé ç ÿêèõ ìîæíà ïåðåêëàñòè,<br />
ÿê: õî÷à (³); íåõàé (³); õàé; íåçâàæàþ÷è íà òå, ùî; íàâ³òü ÿêùî<br />
òîùî. Ïðèñóäîê ó äîïóñòîâîìó ðå÷åíí³ ìîæå âæèâàòèñÿ ÿê â ³íäèêàòèâ³,<br />
òàê ³ â êîí’þíêòèâ³.<br />
Ñïîëó÷íèêè cum àáî ut çàâæäè âèìàãàþòü êîí’þíêòèâà, ÷àñè<br />
ÿêîãî â³äïîâ³äàþòü ïðàâèëó consecutio tempôrum. Ñïîëó÷íèê<br />
quamvis òåæ óæèâàºòüñÿ ç êîí’þíêòèâîì. Ñïîëó÷íèê quamquam<br />
— ç ³íäèêàòèâîì. Ñïîëó÷íèêè etsi, etiamsi, tametsi, licet<br />
âæèâàþòüñÿ ÿê ç êîí’þíêòèâîì, òàê ³ ç ³íäèêàòèâîì. Ïðè ðåàëüí³é<br />
óìîâ³, ïðî ÿêó éäåòüñÿ ó ï³äðÿäíîìó ðå÷åíí³, ïðèñóäîê âæèâàºòüñÿ<br />
ó indicativus, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Qui ea mente alienum quid contrectavit, ut lucrifacêrit, tametsi<br />
mutato consilio id domîno postea reddîdit, fur est. — Õòî âèêðàâ ùîíåáóäü<br />
÷óæå ç ìåòîþ çáàãà÷åííÿ, º çëî䳺ì, õî÷à á â³í, çì³íèâøè<br />
ð³øåííÿ, ³ ïîâåðíóâ ï³çí³øå öå õàçÿ¿íó.<br />
Çà óìîâè ìîæëèâîãî õàðàêòåðó ïðèñóäîê âæèâàºòüñÿ â óìîâíîìó<br />
ñïîñîá³, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Pati quis iniuriam etiamsi non sentiat, potest, facêre autem nemo<br />
potest. — Õòîñü ìîæå áóòè îáðàæåíèì, õî÷à á â³í öüîãî ³ íå óñâ³äîìëþâàâ,<br />
àëå îáðàçèòè íå óñâ³äîìëþþ÷è, íå ìîæå í³õòî.<br />
§ 73. ϲÄÐßÄͲ ÐÅ×ÅÍÍß ÎÁÑÒÀÂÈÍÈ ×ÀÑÓ<br />
Òàê³ ðå÷åííÿ ïðèºäíóþòüñÿ ð³çíèìè ñïîëó÷íèêàìè cum<br />
temporale (÷àñîâèì) — êîëè. Ñïîëó÷íèêè postquam — ï³ñëÿ òîãî<br />
ÿê, ubi — êîëè, ut primum — ÿê ò³ëüêè, dum, donec — ïîêè,<br />
antequam, priusquam — ðàí³øå í³æ ³ ³í. Ç öèìè ñïîëó÷íèêàìè<br />
çàâæäè âæèâàºòüñÿ indicativus.<br />
139
ϳäðÿäí³ îáñòàâèíè ÷àñó, êîëè éäåòüñÿ ïðî ïî䳿 ìèíóëîãî,<br />
ìîæóòü ââîäèòèñÿ ñïîëó÷íèêîì cum historîcum (³ñòîðè÷íå). Ç<br />
öüèì ñïîëó÷íèêîì âæèâàºòüñÿ coniunctivus, ÷àñ ïðèñóäêà ï³äïîðÿäêîâóºòüñÿ<br />
ïðàâèëó consecutio tempôrum, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Q. Fabius Labeo, cum ad locum venisset, cum Nolanis et Neapolitanis<br />
separatim locutus est. — Êâ³íò Ôàá³é Ëàáåîí, ï³ñëÿ òîãî ÿê ïðèáóâ<br />
íà ì³ñöå, ïîãîâîðèâ, çîêðåìà, ³ ç ìåøêàíöÿìè Íîëè ³ Íåàïîëÿ.<br />
140<br />
§ 74. ϲÄÐßÄͲ ÐÅ×ÅÍÍß ÓÌÎÂÈ<br />
Âèð³çíÿþòü òðè òèïè (casus) óìîâíèõ ðå÷åíü:<br />
casus realis (ðåàëüíèé òèï);<br />
casus potentialis (ìîæëèâèé òèï);<br />
casus irrealis (íåðåàëüíèé, íåçä³éñíåííèé òèï).<br />
ϳäðÿäí³ ðå÷åííÿ óìîâè ïðèºäíóþòüñÿ äî ãîëîâíîãî ñïîëó÷íèêàìè<br />
si — ÿêùî, ÿêáè, nisi — ÿêùî íå.<br />
Casus realis<br />
ϳäðÿäíå ðå÷åííÿ âêàçóº íà íåìèíó÷ó óìîâó âíàñë³äîê îá’ºêòèâíèõ<br />
ïðè÷èí. ijºñëîâî âæèâàºòüñÿ â ä³éñíîìó ñïîñîá³. Ñïîëó÷íèê<br />
si ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ ÿê ÿêùî.<br />
Si sententiae prudentium dissentiunt, iudîci licet (quam libet)<br />
sententiam sequi. — ßêùî ñóäæåííÿ þðèñò³â ðîçõîäÿòüñÿ, ñóää³<br />
äîçâîëÿºòüñÿ ïðèéìàòè ð³øåííÿ íà âëàñíèé ðîçñóä.<br />
Casus potentialis<br />
ij¿ ãîëîâíîãî òà ï³äðÿäíîãî ðå÷åííÿ º ïðèïóùåíÿìè. Ïðèñóäêè<br />
ãîëîâíîãî òà ï³äðÿäíîãî ðå÷åíü ìàþòü ôîðìó êîí’þíêòèâà<br />
(praesens àáî perfectum coniunctivi).<br />
Ñïîëó÷íèêè si ³ nisi ïåðåêëàäàþòüñÿ — ÿêáè, ÿêáè íå.<br />
Sim imprudens, si plus postêlem, quam a homîne secundum rerum<br />
naturam postulari potest. — Öå áóëî á íåðîçóìíî, ÿêáè ÿ ñòàâ æàäàòè<br />
â³ä ëþäèíè á³ëüøå, í³æ ìîæíà çà ïðèðîäîþ ðå÷åé.<br />
Casus irrealis<br />
Óìîâè, â³ä ÿêèõ çàëåæèòü ä³ÿ ãîëîâíîãî ðå÷åííÿ, º íåçä³éñíåíèìè.<br />
Ñïîëó÷íèêè si ³ nisi ïåðåêëàäàþòüñÿ ÿê ÿêáè, ÿêáè íå.<br />
ßêùî éäåòüñÿ ïðî òåïåð³øí³é ÷àñ, òî ïðèñóäêè ãîëîâíîãî ³<br />
ï³äðÿäíîãî âæèâàþòüñÿ â imperfectum coniunctivi, êîëè æ ãîâîðèòüñÿ<br />
ïðî ìèíóëå, îáèäâà ïðèñóäêè âæèâàþòüñÿ â plusquamperfectum<br />
coniunctivi.<br />
Nisi Alexander essem, Diogênes esse vellem. — ßêáè ÿ íå áóâ<br />
Àëåêñàíäðîì, ÿ õîò³â áè áóòè ijîãåíîì.
Âïðàâà<br />
Ïåðåêëàä³òü:<br />
1. In rem actio compêtit, ut res ipsa, de qua agîtur,<br />
revocetur. 2. Inventa sunt specûla, ut homo ipse se novisset.<br />
3. Hannîbal venenum sumpsit, ne vivus in potestatem<br />
Romanorum veniret. 4. Cum vita sine amicis doloris plena<br />
sit, ratio monet amicos comparare. 5. Cum legêre non<br />
possis, quantum habueris, satis est habere, quantum legas.<br />
6. Omne debîtum demisi tibi, quoniam rogavisti me. 7. Aut<br />
do tibi, ut des, aut do, ut facias; aut facio, ut des, aut facio,<br />
ut facias (Paul.). 8. Si pecuniam do, ut rem accipiam,<br />
emptio — venditio est; si autem rem do, ut rem accipiam,<br />
permutatio est (Digesta). 9. Legîbus servimus, ut libêri esse<br />
possîmus. 10. Littêrae cum sint paucae, tamen innumerabilia<br />
verba effeciunt. 11. Cum promisêris, fac!<br />
12. Quidam tabûlas testamenti ita delet, ut testamentum legi<br />
non possit. 13. Apud me, ut bonum iudîcem, argumenta<br />
plus valent, quam testes. 14. Cum domi essem, littêras tuas<br />
gratas accepi. 15. Cum sis mortalis, quae sunt mortalia, cura<br />
(Ov.). 16. Non scribo tibi, cum aegrotus sim. 17. Cum ver<br />
advenit, multae aves in nostras regiones advolant. 18. Si<br />
causas mali enumerare velim, dies me deficiat (Cic.). 19. Si<br />
in ius vocat, ito (L. XII t.). 20. Si tacuisses, philosôphus<br />
mansisses. 21. Si iudîcas, cognosce!<br />
Ñëîâíèê<br />
1. actio, onis f — ïîçîâ; compêto, ivi, itum, êre — âèìàãàòè; ipse,<br />
ipsa, ipsum — ñàì; ago, egi, actum, agêre — âåñòè ñóïåðå÷êó;<br />
revoco, avi, atum, are — ïîâåðòàòè.<br />
2. invenio, veni, ventum, ire — âèíàõîäèòè; specûlum, i n —<br />
äçåðêàëî; novo, avi, atum, are — ñòâîðþâàòè, â³äíîâëÿòè, òóò:<br />
ï³çíàâàòè.<br />
3. Hannîbal, alis m — Ãàíí³áàë, ãîëîâíîêîìàíäóþ÷èé êàðôàãåíñüêèìè<br />
â³éñüêàìè ï³ä ÷àñ äðóãî¿ Ïóí³÷íî¿ â³éíè; ïîê³í÷èâ<br />
æèòòÿ ñàìîãóáñòâîì ó 183 ð. äî í. å.; venenum, i n — îòðóòà;<br />
vivus, a, um — æèâèé; potestas, atis f — âëàäà.<br />
4. moneo, ui, itum, ere — ïåðåêîíóâàòè, óìîâëÿòè; comparo,<br />
avi, atum, are — çäîáóâàòè, çíàõîäèòè.<br />
6. debîtum, i n — áîðã; demitto, misi, missum, êre — ñïóñêàòè,<br />
çâ³ëüíÿòè; quoniam — îñê³ëüêè; rogo, rogavi, rogatum, are —<br />
ïðîñèòè.<br />
141
142<br />
10. paucus, a, um — ìàëèé, ìàëî÷èñëåííèé; innumerabîlis, e —<br />
íåçë³÷åííèé; efficio, feci, fectum, êre — ðîáèòè, óòâîðþâàòè.<br />
11. promitto, misi, missum, êre — îá³öÿòè; fac (imperativus â³ä<br />
facio, feci, factum, êre — ðîáèòè).<br />
12. quidam — õòîñü; deleo, levi, letum, ere — ðóéíóâàòè,<br />
çíèùóâàòè.<br />
15. curo, avi, atum, are — ï³êëóâàòèñÿ.<br />
18. velim — praes. con. 䳺ñëîâà volo; malum, i n — çëî, íåùàñòÿ;<br />
deficio, feci, fectum, êre — âèÿâëÿòèñÿ íåäîñòàòí³ì, íå<br />
âèñòà÷àòè, áðàêóâàòè.<br />
19. in ius — äî ïðåòîðà (íà ñóä); ito, –, –, are — õîäèòè.<br />
20. maneo, mansi, mansum, ere — çàëèøàòèñÿ.<br />
21. iudico, avi, atum, are — ñóäèòè.<br />
DE IURE CIVILI ET GENTIUM<br />
Omnes popûli, qui legîbus et morîbus reguntur, partim suo<br />
proprio, partim communi omnium nîm³num iure utuntur. Nam ius est,<br />
quod quisque popûlus ipse sibi ius constituit, id ipsius civitatis<br />
proprium est vocaturque ius civile, quasi ius proprium civitatis. Quod<br />
vero naturalis ratio inter omnes homînes constituit, id apud omnes<br />
popûlos peraeque custodîtur vocaturque ius gentium, quasi quo iure<br />
omnes gentes utuntur.<br />
Popûlus itâque Romanus partim suo proprio, partim communi<br />
omnium homînum iure utîtur.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
partim — ÷àñòêîâî; ïåðåêëàñòè â òàêîìó ïîðÿäêó: utuntur partim suo<br />
proprio [iure], partim communi iure omnium;<br />
quod — òóò: ÷åðåç òå ùî, îñê³ëüêè;<br />
ipsius (òîáòî popûli) — Gen. possessivus;<br />
naturalis ratio — ïðèðîäíà ïðè÷èíà, ïðèðîäíèé ðîçóì, ïðèðîäíèé<br />
çì³ñò, òîáòî ïîðÿäîê ðå÷åé, óñòàíîâëåíèé ñàìîþ ïðèðîäîþ;<br />
peraeque — çîâñ³ì îäíàêîâî, ð³âíîþ ì³ðîþ;<br />
quo = eo (äèâ.: is, ea, id).<br />
DE VITA ROMAE ANTIQUAE<br />
PERSONALIA<br />
Diocletianus, imperator Caesar Aurelius Valerius Augustus<br />
ijîêëåò³àí, ²ìïåðàòîð Öåçàð Àâðåë³é Àâãóñò (áëèçüêî 243–<br />
316 ðð. í. å.),<br />
²ìïåðàòîð (284–305 ðð.), ÷óäîâèé ïîëêîâîäåöü ³ îðãàí³çàòîð,<br />
çàñíîâíèê ðèìñüêî¿ àáñîëþòíî¿ ìîíàðõ³¿ (äîì³íàòà). Çà äîïîìî-
ãîþ êðàùèõ þðèñò³â, â³í äîìàãàâñÿ ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ ïðàâà. ×èñëåíí³<br />
ðåñêðèïòè, ùî íàëåæàëè ¿õíüîìó ïåðó, í³ çà ñâîºþ ôîðìîþ, í³ çà<br />
þðèäè÷íèìè çðàçêàìè íå ïîñòóïàþòüñÿ ðåñêðèïòàì êëàñè÷íèõ<br />
÷àñ³â. ijîêëåò³àí óâ³â ó ñõ³äí³é ÷àñòèí³ ³ìïå𳿠ëàòèíñüêó ìîâó<br />
ÿê îô³ö³éíó.<br />
IUS ROMANUM<br />
Candidatus (candîdus — á³ëîñí³æíèé) — ïðåòåíäåíò íà ïîñàäó<br />
ìàã³ñòðàòó; íàäÿãíóâøè á³ëó òîãó, îòî÷åíèé äðóçÿìè ³ ðàáàìè,<br />
â³í õîäèâ ïî ì³ñòó ïåðåä âèáîðàìè, äîìàãàþ÷èñü ïðèõèëüíîñò³<br />
âèáîðö³â.<br />
Censores — îðäèíàðí³, ïàòðèö³àíñüê³ ³ á³ëüø âèñîê³, àëå íå<br />
ïîñò³éí³ ìàã³ñòðàòè (magistratus), ùî ³ç ñåðåäèíè IV ñò. äî í. å.<br />
îáèðàëèñÿ ïî äâà, ÿê ïðàâèëî, êîæí³ ï’ÿòü ðîê³â íà òåðì³í íå<br />
á³ëüø í³æ 18 ì³ñÿö³â (ïîò³ì ¿õí³ ïîâíîâàæåííÿ ïåðåõîäèëè äî<br />
³íøèõ ìàã³ñòðàò³â, ãîëîâíèì ÷èíîì äî êîíñóë³â).<br />
ARS<br />
Ñòàòóÿ ìàã³ñòðàòó, IV ñò. í. å.,<br />
Ðèì, ïàëàö Êîíñåðâàòîð³â.<br />
143
ÄÎÏÎ̲ÆͲ<br />
ÃÐÀÌÀÒÈ×Ͳ ÌÀÒÅвÀËÈ<br />
144<br />
I. ÎÑÍÎÂͲ ÔÓÍÊÖ²¯ ËÀÒÈÍÑÜÊÈÕ Â²Ä̲ÍʲÂ<br />
³äì³íêè ìîæóòü âèðàæàòè ð³çí³ çì³ñòîâ³ â³äò³íêè, ùî íàçèâàþòüñÿ<br />
ôóíêö³ÿìè.<br />
Nominativus duplex (ïîäâ³éíèé íàçèâíèé) — âæèâàºòüñÿ ïðè<br />
ñïîëó÷åíí³ íàçèâíîãî â³äì³íêà ï³äìåòà ³ íàçèâíîãî â³äì³íêà ³ìåííî¿<br />
÷àñòèíè ïðèñóäêà ïðè 䳺ñëîâàõ:<br />
íåïåðåõ³äíèõ ç³ çíà÷åííÿì ðîáèòèñÿ, ñòàâàòè, áóâàòè (fiêri,<br />
esse), çäàâàòèñÿ (videri), ëèøàòèñÿ (manere), íàðîäæóâàòèñÿ, óìèðàòè<br />
(nasci, mori), íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Servus manumissus fit libertinus. — ³äïóùåíèé íà âîëþ ðàá<br />
ñòຠâ³ëüíîâ³äïóùåíèì;<br />
ïåðåõ³äíèõ ó ïàñèâíîìó ñòàí³ (ïðè àêòèâíîìó ñòàí³ âæèâàºòüñÿ<br />
êîíñòðóêö³ÿ Accusativus duplex) ç³ çíà÷åííÿì: íàçèâàòèñÿ<br />
(nominari, dici, vocari, appellari), ââàæàòèñÿ (duci, haberi, putari,<br />
existimari), ïðèçíà÷àòèñÿ, îáèðàòèñÿ (creari, designari, declarari,<br />
legi), íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Julius Caesar et Publius Servilius consûles creantur. — Þë³é<br />
Öåçàð ³ Ïóáë³é Ñåðâ³ë³é îáèðàþòüñÿ êîíñóëàìè.<br />
Genetivus characteristîcus (ðîäîâèé, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóº) —<br />
îçíà÷ຠîñîáó, ÿê³é íàëåæèòü ä³ÿ ÷è ñòàí, âèðàæåíèé ³íô³í³òèâîì.<br />
Âæèâàºòüñÿ ó ôóíêö³¿ ³ìåííî¿ ÷àñòèíè ïðèñóäêà ïðè 䳺ñëîâ³ esse.<br />
Ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ñë³â: âëàñòèâî (êîìó?), º áîðã,<br />
îáîâ’ÿçîê, îçíàêà (êîãî?) òîùî, ïðèéìຠôîðìó äàâàëüíîãî<br />
â³äì³íêà, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Homînis est errare, nullius, nisi stulti, in errore perseverare. —<br />
Ëþäèí³ âëàñòèâî ïîìèëÿòèñÿ, àëå í³êîìó, êð³ì äóðíÿ, íå âëàñòèâà<br />
âïåðò³ñòü ó ïîìèëö³.<br />
Genetivus crimînis (ðîäîâèé çâèíóâà÷åííÿ) — âèðàæຠïðàâîâ³<br />
ïîíÿòòÿ ÷è 䳿 (îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ, ï³äîçðè ÷è âèïðàâäàííÿ ó<br />
÷îìó-íåáóäü, ïîêàðàííÿ çà ùî-íåáóäü, çàêîíó ïðî ùî-íåáóäü).<br />
Genetivus crimînis â³äïîâ³äຠíà ïèòàííÿ: ó ÷îìó?, çà ùî?, ïðî<br />
ùî? òîùî, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Lex Julia repetundarum. — Þ볺â çàêîí ïðî õàáàð³.<br />
Crimen falsi. — Çâèíóâà÷åííÿ â íåïðàâä³.<br />
Genetivus genêris (quantitatis) (ðîäîâèé ðîäó, âèäó) — âæèâàºòüñÿ<br />
ïðè ñëîâàõ, ÿê³ ïîçíà÷àþòü ì³ðó ÷è ê³ëüê³ñòü, íàïðèêëàä:
Quid commôdi? — ßêà êîðèñòü?<br />
Nihil novi. — ͳ÷îãî íîâîãî.<br />
Satis eloquentiae, sapientiae parum (Sall.) — Êðàñíîìîâñòâà<br />
äîñèòü, ìóäðîñò³ ìàëî.<br />
Genetivus partitivus (ðîäîâèé ÷àñòêîâèé) — ïîçíà÷ຠö³ëå, ç<br />
ÿêîãî âèä³ëÿºòüñÿ ÷àñòèíà. Genetivus partitivus óæèâàºòüñÿ ò³ëüêè<br />
â ìíîæèí³; óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ ðîäîâèì â³äì³íêîì<br />
³ç ïðèéìåííèêîì «ç», íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Quis (nemo) nostrum. — Õòî (í³õòî) ç íàñ.<br />
Beneficentiam amicitiae quis homînum negare potest. — Õòî ç<br />
ëþäåé ìîæå çàïåðå÷óâàòè äîáðî÷èíí³ñòü äðóæáè?<br />
Genetivus possessivus (ðîäîâèé ïðèñâ³éíèé) — îçíà÷ຠîñîáó<br />
àáî ïðåäìåò, ÿê³é àáî ÿêîìó ùî-íåáóäü íàëåæèòü. Genetivus<br />
possesivus â³äïîâ³äຠíà ïèòàííÿ: ÷èé?, ÷è¿?, òîùî, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Omnis homînis studium libertatis proprium est. — Êîæí³é ëþäèí³<br />
âëàñòèâå ïðàãíåííÿ äî âîë³.<br />
Genetivus qualitatis (ðîäîâèé ÿêîñò³) — ñëóæèòü äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ<br />
âëàñòèâîñò³ ÷è ÿêîñò³ ïðåäìåòà àáî îñîáè.  îñíîâíîìó<br />
âèðàæàºòüñÿ ñïîëó÷åííÿì ³ìåííèêà ç ïðèêìåòíèêîì — óçãîäæåíèì<br />
îçíà÷åííÿì. Ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ àáî ðîäîâèì, àáî îðóäíèì<br />
â³äì³íêîì, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Vir exempli recti domi militiaeque. — ×îëîâ³ê áåçäîãàííî¿ ïîâåä³íêè<br />
âäîìà ³ íà â³éñüêîâ³é ñëóæá³.<br />
Genetivus qualitatis ìîæå âêàçóâàòè íà ïîõîäæåííÿ, â³ê,<br />
ê³ëüê³ñòü. Íàïðèêëàä: homo genêris Graeci — ëþäèíà ãðåöüêîãî<br />
ïîõîäæåííÿ; puer quinque annorum — õëîï÷èê ï’ÿòè ðîê³â.<br />
Genetivus obiectivus (ðîäîâèé îá’ºêòíèé) — îçíà÷ຠîá’ºêò<br />
䳿 àáî ñòàíó, âæèâàºòüñÿ ó âèïàäêó, êîëè éäåòüñÿ ïðî òå, íà ùî<br />
çâåðíåíà ä³ÿ ÷è ïî÷óòòÿ, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Homo memînit tempôrum praeteritorum. — Ëþäèíà ïàì’ÿòàº<br />
ïðî êîëèøí³ ÷àñè.<br />
Genetivus subiectivus (ðîäîâèé ñóá’ºêòíèé ÷è ï³äìåòà) —<br />
âæèâàºòüñÿ ò³ëüêè ç ³ìåííèêîì, ùî îçíà÷ຠä³þ ³ âêàçóº íà ñóá’ºêò<br />
ö³º¿ 䳿, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
motus terrae — ðóõ çåìë³; res gestae divi Augusti — ä³ÿííÿ<br />
áîæåñòâåííîãî Àâãóñòà.<br />
Dativus auctoris (äàâàëüíèé ä³þ÷î¿ îñîáè) — âæèâàºòüñÿ äëÿ<br />
ïîçíà÷åííÿ îñîáè, ÿêà âèêîíóº ä³þ:<br />
ç ãåðóíäèâîì:<br />
Caesâri haec uno tempôre agenda sunt. — Öåçàðþ öå òðåáà áóëî<br />
çðîáèòè îäíî÷àñíî.<br />
145
ó ïàñèâí³é êîíñòðóêö³¿:<br />
Hic ego barbârus sum, quia non intellêgor ulli (Ov.). — Òóò ÿ<br />
âàðâàð, òîìó ùî í³õòî ìåíå íå ðîçó쳺.<br />
Is mihi emptus esto. — Íåõàé â³í áóäå ïðèäáàíèé ìíîþ.<br />
Dativus commôdi (incommôdi) (äàâàëüíèé âèãîäè ³ íåâèãîäè)<br />
— îçíà÷ຠîñîáó, íà êîðèñòü ÷è íà øêîäó ÿê³é â³äáóâàºòüñÿ<br />
ä³ÿ; â³í â³äïîâ³äຠíà ïèòàííÿ: äëÿ (çàðàäè) êîãî, ÷îãî?, ó ÷è¿õ<br />
³íòåðåñàõ?, êîìó, ÷îìó íà êîðèñòü (íà øêîäó)?, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Quidquid discis, tibi discis. — ×îìó á òè íå â÷èâñÿ, äëÿ ñåáå<br />
â÷èøñÿ.<br />
Dativus duplex (ïîäâ³éíèé äàâàëüíèé). Ñïîëó÷åííÿ äâîõ ñë³â,<br />
ùî ìàþòü ôîðìó äàâàëüíîãî â³äì³íêà, îá’ºäíàíèõ â îäíó êîíñòðóêö³þ<br />
äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ îñîáè, â ³íòåðåñàõ ÿêî¿ â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ä³ÿ,<br />
³ ìåòà ö³º¿ 䳿 íàçèâàºòüñÿ dativus duplex. Äâà ñëîâà â³äïîâ³äàþòü<br />
íà ïèòàííÿ: êîìó? (dativus commôdi), äëÿ ÷îãî?, ÷èì? (dativus<br />
finalis)?, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Saepe femînae ipsa imbecillîtas praesidio est. — ×àñòî ñàìà<br />
ñëàáê³ñòü ñëóæèòü æ³íö³ çàõèñòîì.<br />
Dativus finalis (äàâàëüíèé ìåòè) — âæèâàºòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ<br />
ìåòè ³ â³äïîâ³äຠíà ïèòàííÿ äëÿ ÷îãî?, ç ÿêîþ ìåòîþ?, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
praesidio venire — ïðèõîäèòè äëÿ çàõèñòó;<br />
dies crastînus consilio dicîtur — äëÿ íàðàäè ïðèçíà÷àºòüñÿ çàâòðàøí³é<br />
äåíü.<br />
Dativus possessivus (äàâàëüíèé ïðèñâ³éíèé) — îçíà÷ຠîñîáó<br />
(ïðåäìåò), ÿê³é ùîñü íàëåæèòü, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Mihi tecum est actio. — Ó ìåíå ³ç òîáîþ ïîçîâ;<br />
salus populi — áëàãî íàðîäó;<br />
ius gentium — ïðàâî íàðîä³â (ì³æíàðîäíå ïðàâî).<br />
Accusativus duplex (ïîäâ³éíèé çíàõ³äíèé). Ñïîëó÷åííÿ äâîõ<br />
çíàõ³äíèõ â³äì³íê³â, îäèí ³ç ÿêèõ º â³äì³íêîì ïðÿìîãî îá’ºêòà<br />
(äîäàòîê), à ³íøèé — óçãîäæåíèì ç íèì çíàõ³äíèì â³äì³íêîì<br />
ïðåäèêàòà (³ìåííèêà, ïðèêìåòíèêà), íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Romani Ciceronem consûlem creant. — Ðèìëÿíè îáèðàþòü<br />
Öèöåðîíà êîíñóëîì.<br />
Ocûlos vulgo specûlum anîmi vocant. — Î÷³ çâè÷àéíî íàçèâàþòü<br />
äçåðêàëîì äóø³.<br />
Accusativus exclamationis (çíàõ³äíèé âèãóêó) — âæèâàºòüñÿ<br />
äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ åìîö³é. Óêðà³íñüêîþ ìîâîþ ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ íàçèâíèì<br />
â³äì³íêîì, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
O beatissîmum me omnium homînum. — Î, ÿ íàéùàñëèâ³øèé<br />
ç óñ³õ ëþäåé!<br />
O me misêrum. — Î, ÿ íåùàñíèé!<br />
146
Ablativus auctoris (àáëàòèâ ä³þ÷î¿ îñîáè) — âæèâàºòüñÿ ç<br />
䳺ñëîâàìè â ïàñèâíîìó ñòàí³ ³ îçíà÷ຠîñîáó, ÿêà 䳺. Ablativus<br />
auctoris çàâæäè ñóïðîâîäæóºòüñÿ ïðèéìåííèêîì a (ab) ëèøå äëÿ<br />
íàçâ ³ñòîò, ùî íà óêðà³íñüêó ìîâó íå ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ. Íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Venatio aut aucupium in alieno fundo potest a domîno iure<br />
prohibêri. — Ïîëþâàííÿ àáî ëîâè ïòàõ³â íà ÷óæ³é ä³ëÿíö³ ìîæóòü<br />
áóòè ïî ïðàâó çàáîðîíåí³ õàçÿ¿íîì.<br />
Ablativus causae (àáëàòèâ ïðè÷èíè) — îçíà÷ຠïðè÷èíó,<br />
ï³äñòàâó ÿêî¿-íåáóäü 䳿; â³äïîâ³äຠíà ïèòàííÿ ç ÿêî¿ ïðè÷èíè?,<br />
íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Concordia parvae res crescunt. — Ó çãîä³ ìàë³ ñïðàâè çðîñòàþòü.<br />
Ablativus comparationis (àáëàòèâ ïîð³âíÿííÿ) — âæèâàºòüñÿ<br />
äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ îá’ºêòà ïîð³âíÿííÿ ïðè ïðèêìåòíèêàõ àáî ïðèñë³âíèêàõ<br />
ó âèùîìó ñòóïåí³. Óêðà³íñüêîþ ìîâîþ ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ<br />
çíàõ³äíèì â³äì³íêîì, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Patria mihi vita mea est carior. — ³ò÷èçíà ìåí³ äîðîæ÷à çà<br />
æèòòÿ.<br />
Ablativus instrumenti (àáëàòèâ çíàðÿääÿ) — îçíà÷ຠïðåäìåò,<br />
ùî º çíàðÿääÿì àáî çàñîáîì, çà äîïîìîãîþ ÿêîãî âèêîíóºòüñÿ ä³ÿ,<br />
³ â³äïîâ³äຠíà ïèòàííÿ: ÷èì?, çà äîïîìîãîþ ÷îãî?. ³äïîâ³äàº<br />
óêðà³íñüêîìó îðóäíîìó â³äì³íêó, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Miles gladio vulneratus est. — Âî¿í áóâ ïîðàíåíèé ìå÷åì.<br />
Ablativus limitationis (àáëàòèâ îáìåæåííÿ) — âæèâàºòüñÿ ç<br />
䳺ñëîâàìè àáî ïðèêìåòíèêàìè äëÿ îáìåæåííÿ (óòî÷íåííÿ) 䳿,<br />
ñòàíó ÷è îçíàêè, âèðàæåíî¿ êåðóþ÷èì ñëîâîì, ÿêèì ìîæå áóòè<br />
³ìåííèê, ïðèêìåòíèê, 䳺ñëîâî; â³äïîâ³äຠíà ïèòàííÿ: ùîäî<br />
÷îãî?, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Vir excellens scientia iuris civilis. — Ëþäèíà, íåïåðåâåðøåíà<br />
â çíàíí³ öèâ³ëüíîãî ïðàâà.<br />
Ablativus loci (àáëàòèâ ì³ñöÿ) — ïîçíà÷ຠì³ñöå 䳿 ³ â³äïîâ³äàº<br />
íà ïèòàííÿ äå? Ìîæå âæèâàòèñÿ ç ïðèéìåííèêàìè àáî áåç<br />
íèõ, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
terra marique — íà ñóø³ ³ âîä³.<br />
Ablativus modi (àáëàòèâ ñïîñîáó 䳿) — âæèâàºòüñÿ äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ<br />
ñïîñîáó çä³éñíåííÿ 䳿, â³äïîâ³äຠíà ïèòàííÿ: ÿê?, ÿêèì<br />
÷èíîì?. Ìîæå âæèâàòèñÿ ç ïðèéìåííèêîì cum, êîëè ïðè ³ìåííèêó<br />
íåìຠîçíà÷åííÿ, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Cum clamore in urbemeunt. — Âîíè ç êðèêîì âõîäÿòü â ì³ñòî.<br />
²ure nominare — íàçèâàòè ïî ïðàâó.<br />
Damnari potest, qui reum dolo non exhibet. — Ìîæå áóòè çàñóäæåíèé<br />
òîé, õòî ç íàì³ðîì íå ïðåä’ÿâëÿº ñóäó ï³äñóäíîãî.<br />
147
Ablativus qualitatis (àáëàòèâ ÿêîñò³) — âæèâàºòüñÿ â ïî-<br />
ºäíàíí³ ç îçíà÷åííÿì ³ ñëóæèòü äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ ÿêîñò³ îñîáè àáî<br />
ïðåäìåòà. Óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ ïåðåêëàäàºòüñÿ ðîäîâèì â³äì³íêîì<br />
áåç ïðèéìåííèêà àáî ïðèéìåííèêîâîþ êîíñòðóêö³ºþ, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
Caesar excelsa statura fuit. — Öåçàð áóâ âèñîêèé íà çð³ñò.<br />
Ablativus separationis (àáëàòèâ â³ääàëåííÿ) — îçíà÷ຠîñîáó<br />
àáî ïðåäìåò, â³ä ÿêîãî ùî-íåáóäü â³ääàëÿºòüñÿ àáî â³äîêðåìëþºòüñÿ.<br />
³äïîâ³äຠíà çàïèòàííÿ: çâ³äêè?, â³ä ÷îãî?. Âæèâàºòüñÿ<br />
ç 䳺ñëîâàìè ç³ çíà÷åííÿì â³ääàëåííÿ àáî çâ³ëüíåííÿ,<br />
íàïðèêëàä:<br />
servitute liberare — çâ³ëüíÿòè â³ä ðàáñòâà;<br />
domo exire — âèõîäèòè ç áóäèíêó;<br />
Non semper vacare ira aut misericordia iudex potest. — Íå çàâæäè<br />
ñóääÿ ìîæå áóòè â³ëüíèì â³ä ãí³âó ÷è ñï³â÷óòòÿ.<br />
Ablativus tempôris (àáëàòèâ ÷àñó) — ñëóæèòü äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ<br />
÷àñó, ïðîòÿãîì ÿêîãî â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ä³ÿ, â³äïîâ³äຠíà ïèòàííÿ:<br />
êîëè? Ìîæå âæèâàòèñÿ ç ïðèéìåííèêîì ³ áåç ïðèéìåííèêà, íàïðèêëàä:<br />
prima luce — íà ñâ³òàíêó;<br />
anno extremo — íàïðèê³íö³ ðîêó;<br />
in bello — ï³ä ÷àñ â³éíè.<br />
148
.II. ÇÂÅÄÅͲ ÌÎÐÔÎËÎò×Ͳ ÒÀÁËÈÖ²<br />
1. ’ <br />
V V <br />
<br />
f m n m f n m n f<br />
Casus<br />
S i n g u l a r i s<br />
Nom. -a -us, -er -um -us -u -es<br />
Gen. -ae -i -i -is -is -is -us -us -ei<br />
Dat. -ae -o -o -i -i -i -ui -u -ei<br />
Acc. -am -um -um -em -em -um -u -em<br />
Nom.<br />
Abl. -a -o -o -e (-i) -e (-i) -e (-i) -u -u -e<br />
P l u r a l i s<br />
Nom. -ae -i -a -es -es -a (-ia) -us -ua -es<br />
Gen. -arum -orum -orum -um -um -um -uum -uum -erum<br />
(-ium) (-ium) (-ium)<br />
Dat. -is -is -is -bus -bus -bus -bus -bus -ebus<br />
Acc. -as -os -a -es -es -a (-ia) -us -ua -es<br />
Abl. -is -is -is -bus -bus -bus -bus -bus -ebus<br />
149
2. <br />
150<br />
infinitivus praesentis<br />
activi<br />
supinum<br />
perfectum<br />
indicativi<br />
activi persona<br />
prima<br />
singularis<br />
praesens<br />
indicativi<br />
activi persona<br />
prima<br />
singularis<br />
<br />
<br />
? ? ? ?<br />
condemno condemnavi condemnatum condemnare<br />
<br />
doceo docui doctum<br />
docere<br />
<br />
defendo defendi defensum defendre<br />
<br />
punio punivi punitum<br />
punire<br />
<br />
condemno, avi, atum, are<br />
<br />
I<br />
doceo, cui, ctum, ere<br />
<br />
defendo, fendi, fensum, re<br />
II<br />
<br />
III<br />
punio, ivi, itum, ire<br />
<br />
IV
3. INDICATIVUS<br />
ACTIVUM PASSIVUM<br />
PRAESENS PERFECTUM PRAESENS PERFECTUM<br />
Singularis<br />
I-II III-IV I-IV I-II III IV I-IV<br />
1 -o -o -i -or -o-r -or sum<br />
2 -s -is -isti -ris --ris -ris es<br />
3 -t -t -it -tur --tur -tur est<br />
Pluralis<br />
1 -mus -imus -mus -mur --mur -mur sumus<br />
2 -tis -itis -istis -mni -i-mni -mni estis<br />
3 -nt -unt -erunt, -ere -ntur -u-ntur -u-ntur sunt<br />
IMPERFECTUM PLUSQUAMPERFECTUM IMPERFECTUM PLUSQUAMPERFECTUM<br />
participium<br />
perfecti passivi +<br />
Singularis<br />
1 -b-m -eb-m -ram -ba-r -eba-r eram<br />
2 -ba-s -eba-s -ras -ba-ris -eba-ris eras<br />
3 -b-t -eb-t -rat -ba-tur -eba-tur erat<br />
Pluralis<br />
1 -ba-mus -eba-mus -eramus -ba-mur -eba-mur eramus<br />
2 -ba-tis -eba-tis -eratis -ba-mni -eba-mni eratis<br />
3 -ba-nt -eba-nt -rant -ba-ntur -eba-ntur erant<br />
FUTURUM I FUTURUM II FUTURUM I FUTURUM II<br />
Singularis<br />
1 -b-o -am -ro -b-or -a-r ero<br />
2 -b-s -es -ris -b-ris -e-ris eris<br />
3 -b-t -et -rit -b-tur -e-tur erit<br />
Pluralis<br />
1 -bmus -emus -ermus -b--mur -e-mur ermus<br />
2 -btis -etis -ertis -b--mni -e-mni ertis<br />
3 -bunt -ent -rint -b-u-ntur -e-ntur erunt<br />
participium<br />
participium<br />
perfecti passivi +<br />
perfecti passivi +<br />
151
4. CONIUNCTIVUS<br />
152<br />
ACTIVUM PASSIVUM<br />
PRAESENS PERFECTUM PRAESENS PERFECTUM<br />
Singularis<br />
I II, III-IV I-IV I II, III-IV I-IV<br />
1 -em -am -rim -er -ar sim<br />
2 -es -as -ris -eris -aris sis<br />
3 -et -at -rit -etur -atur sit<br />
Pluralis<br />
1 -emus -amus -ermus -emur -amur simus<br />
2 -etis -atis -ertis -emni -amni sitis<br />
3 -ent -ant -rint -entur -antur sint<br />
IMPERFECTUM PLUSQUAMPERFECTUM IMPERFECTUM PLUSQUAMPERFECTUM<br />
participium<br />
perfecti passivi +<br />
Singularis<br />
I, II, IV III I-IV I, II, IV III I-IV<br />
1 -rem -rem -issem -rer -rer essem<br />
2 -res -res -isses -reris -ereris esses<br />
3 -ret -eret -isset -retur -eretur esset<br />
Pluralis<br />
1 -remus -eremus -issemus -remur -eremur essemus<br />
2 -retis -eretis -issetis -remni -eremni essetis<br />
3 -rent -rent -issent -rentur -erentur essent<br />
participium<br />
perfecti passivi +
5. .<br />
INDICATIVUS.<br />
ACTIVUM<br />
Futurum II<br />
Praesens Imperfectum Futurum I Perfectum Plusquamperfectum<br />
Infinitivus<br />
condemnavro<br />
condemnavram<br />
condemnavi<br />
condemnabo<br />
condemnabam<br />
condemno<br />
condemnavris<br />
condemnavras<br />
condemnavisti<br />
condemnabis<br />
condemnabas<br />
condemnas<br />
condemnavrit<br />
condemnavrat<br />
condemnavit<br />
condemnabit<br />
condemnabat<br />
condemnat<br />
condemnavermus<br />
condemnaveramus<br />
condemnavmus<br />
condemnabmus<br />
condemnabamus<br />
condemnamus<br />
condemnavertis<br />
condemnaveratis<br />
condemnavistis<br />
condemnabtis<br />
condemnabatis<br />
condemnatis<br />
Condemnare<br />
condemnavrit<br />
condemnavrant<br />
condemnaverunt<br />
condemnabunt<br />
condemnabant<br />
condemnant<br />
docuro<br />
docuram<br />
docui<br />
docebo<br />
docebam<br />
doceo<br />
docuris<br />
docuras<br />
docuisti<br />
docebis<br />
docebas<br />
doces<br />
docurit<br />
docurat<br />
docuit<br />
docebit<br />
docebat<br />
docet<br />
docuermus<br />
docueramus<br />
documus<br />
docebmus<br />
docebamus<br />
docemus<br />
Docere<br />
docuertis<br />
docurint<br />
docueratis<br />
docuistis<br />
docebtis<br />
docebatis<br />
docetis<br />
docurant<br />
docuerunt<br />
docebunt<br />
docebant<br />
docent<br />
153
154<br />
Infinitivus<br />
Praesens Imperfectum Futurum I Perfectum Plusquam-<br />
perfectum<br />
Futurum II<br />
Defendre<br />
defendo<br />
defendis<br />
defendit<br />
defendmus<br />
defendtis<br />
defendunt<br />
defendebam<br />
defendebas<br />
defendebat<br />
defendebamus<br />
defendebatis<br />
defendebant<br />
defendam<br />
defendes<br />
defendet<br />
defendemus<br />
defendetis<br />
defendent<br />
defendi<br />
defendisti<br />
defendit<br />
defendmus<br />
defendistis<br />
defenderunt<br />
defendram<br />
defendras<br />
defendrat<br />
defenderamus<br />
defenderatis<br />
defendrant<br />
defendro<br />
defendris<br />
defendrit<br />
defendermus<br />
defendertis<br />
defendrint<br />
Punire<br />
punio<br />
punis<br />
punit<br />
punimus<br />
punitis<br />
puniunt<br />
puniebam<br />
puniebas<br />
puniebat<br />
puniebamus<br />
puniebatis<br />
puniebant<br />
puniam<br />
punies<br />
puniet<br />
puniemus<br />
punietis<br />
punient<br />
punivi<br />
punivisti<br />
punivit<br />
punivmus<br />
punivistis<br />
puniverunt<br />
puniveram<br />
puniveras<br />
puniverat<br />
puniveramus<br />
puniveratis<br />
puniverant<br />
punivro<br />
punivris<br />
punivrit<br />
punivermus<br />
punivertis<br />
punivrint<br />
Ïðîäîâæåííÿ
INDICATIVUS<br />
PASSIVUM<br />
Praesens Imperfectum Futurum I Perfectum Plusquamperfectum Futurum II<br />
Infinitivus<br />
condemnatus,<br />
a, um ero<br />
condemnatus,<br />
a, um eris<br />
condemnatus,<br />
a, um erit<br />
condemnati,<br />
ae, a ermus<br />
condemnati,<br />
ae, a ertis<br />
condemnati,<br />
condemnatus,<br />
a, um eram<br />
condemnatus,<br />
a, um eras<br />
condemnatus,<br />
a, um erat<br />
condemnati,<br />
ae, a eramus<br />
condemnati,<br />
ae, a eratis<br />
condemnati,<br />
condemnatus,<br />
a, um sum<br />
condemnatus,<br />
a, um es<br />
condemnatus,<br />
a, um est<br />
condemnati,<br />
ae, a sumus<br />
condemnati,<br />
ae, a estis<br />
condemnati,<br />
condemnabor<br />
condemnabar<br />
condemnor<br />
condemnabris<br />
condemnabaris<br />
condemnaris<br />
condemnabtur<br />
condemnabatur<br />
condemnatur<br />
condemnabmur<br />
condemnabamur<br />
condemnamur<br />
Condemnare<br />
condemnabimni<br />
condemnabamni<br />
condemnamni<br />
condemnabuntur<br />
condemnabantur<br />
condemnantur<br />
ae, a erunt<br />
ae, a erant<br />
ae, a sunt<br />
doctus, a, um ero<br />
doctus, a, um eris<br />
doctus, a, um erit<br />
docti, ae, a ermus<br />
docti, ae, a ertis<br />
docti, ae, a erunt<br />
doctus, a, um eram<br />
doctus, a, um eras<br />
doctus, a, um erat<br />
docti, ae, a eramus<br />
docti, ae, a eratis<br />
docti, ae, a erant<br />
doctus, a, um sum<br />
doctus, a, um es<br />
doctus, a, um est<br />
docti,ae,a sumus<br />
docti, ae, a estis<br />
docti, ae, a sunt<br />
docebor<br />
docebris<br />
docebtur<br />
docebmur<br />
docebimni<br />
docebuntur<br />
docebar<br />
docebaris<br />
docebatur<br />
docebamur<br />
docebamni<br />
docebantur<br />
doceor<br />
doceris<br />
docetur<br />
docemur<br />
docemni<br />
docentur<br />
Docere<br />
155
Ïðîäîâæåííÿ<br />
156<br />
Praesens Imperfectum Futurum I Perfectum Plusquamperfectum Futurum II<br />
Infinitivus<br />
defensus, a,um ero<br />
defensus, a, um eris<br />
defensus, a, um erit<br />
defensi, ae, a ermus<br />
defensi, ae, a ertis<br />
defensi, ae, a erunt<br />
defensus, a, um eram<br />
defensus, a, um eras<br />
defensus, a, um erat<br />
defensi, ae,a eramus<br />
defensi, ae,a eratis<br />
defensi, ae, a erant<br />
defensus, a,um sum<br />
defensus, a, um es<br />
defensus, a, um est<br />
defensi, ae, a sumus<br />
defensi, ae, a estis<br />
defensi, ae,a sunt<br />
defendar<br />
defenderis<br />
defendetur<br />
defendemur<br />
defendemni<br />
defendentur<br />
defendebar<br />
defendebaris<br />
defendebatur<br />
defendebamur<br />
defendebamni<br />
defendebantur<br />
defendor<br />
defendris<br />
defendtur<br />
defendmur<br />
defendimni<br />
defendunt<br />
Defendre<br />
punitus, a, um ero<br />
punitus, a, um eris<br />
punitus, a, um erit<br />
puniti, ae, a ermus<br />
puniti, ae, a ertis<br />
puniti, ae, a erunt<br />
punitus, a, um eram<br />
punitus, a, um eras<br />
punitus, a, um erat<br />
puniti, ae, a eramus<br />
puniti, ae, a eratis<br />
puniti, ae, a erant<br />
punitus, a, um sum<br />
punitus, a, um es<br />
punitus, a, um est<br />
puniti, ae, a sumus<br />
puniti, ae, a estis<br />
puniti, ae, a sunt<br />
puniar<br />
punieris<br />
punietur<br />
puniemur<br />
puniemni<br />
punientur<br />
puniebar<br />
puniebaris<br />
puniebatur<br />
puniebamur<br />
puniebamni<br />
puniebantur<br />
punior<br />
puniris<br />
punitur<br />
punimur<br />
punimni<br />
puniuntur<br />
Punire
×<br />
Praesens<br />
Imperfectum<br />
Perfectum<br />
Plusquamperfectum<br />
CONIUNCTIVUS<br />
ACTIVUM<br />
I II III IV <br />
condemnem doceam defendam puniam<br />
condemnes doceas defendas punias<br />
condemnet doceat defendat puniat<br />
condemnemus doceamus defendamus puniamus<br />
condemnetis doceatis defendatis puniatis<br />
condemnent doceant defendant puniant<br />
condemnarem docerem defendrem punirem<br />
condemnares doceres defendres punires<br />
condemnaret doceret defendret puniret<br />
condemnaremus doceremus defenderemus puniremus<br />
condemnaretis doceretis defenderetis puniretis<br />
condemnarent docerent defendrent punirent<br />
condemnavrim docurim defendrim punivrim<br />
condemnavris docuris defendris punivris<br />
condemnavrit docurit defendrit punivrit<br />
condemnavermus docuermus defendermus punivermus<br />
condemnavertis docuertis defendertis punivertis<br />
condemnavrint docurint defendrint punivrint<br />
condemnavissem docuissem defendissem punivissem<br />
condemnavisses docuisses defendisses punivisses<br />
condemnavisset docuisset defendisset punivisset<br />
condemnavissemus docuissemus defendissemus punivissemus<br />
condemnavissetis docuissetis defendissetis punivessetis<br />
condemnavissent docuissent defendissent punivissent<br />
157
×<br />
Praesens<br />
Imperfectum<br />
Perfectum<br />
Plusquamperfectum<br />
158<br />
CONIUNCTIVUS<br />
PASSIVUM<br />
I II III IV <br />
condemner docear defendar puniar<br />
condemneris docearis defendaris puniaris<br />
condemnetur doceatur defendatur puniatur<br />
condemnemur doceamur defendamur puniamur<br />
condemnemni doceamni defendamni puniamni<br />
condemnentur doceantur defendantur puniantur<br />
condemnarer docerer defendrer punirer<br />
condemnareris docereris defendereris punireris<br />
condemnaretur doceretur defenderetur puniretur<br />
condemnaremur doceremur defenderemur puniremur<br />
condemnaremni doceremni defenderemni puniremni<br />
condemnarentur docerentur defenderentur punirentur<br />
condemnatus doctus defensus punitus<br />
a,um sim<br />
a, um sim a, um sim a, um sim<br />
condemnatus doctus defensus punitus<br />
a, um sis<br />
a, um sis a, um sis a, um sis<br />
condemnatus doctus defensus punitus<br />
a, um sit<br />
a, um sit a, um sit a, um sit<br />
condemnati docti<br />
defensi puniti<br />
ae, a simus ae, a simus ae, a simus ae, a simus<br />
condemnati docti<br />
defensi puniti<br />
ae, a sitis<br />
ae, a sitis ae, a sitis ae, a sitis<br />
condemnati docti<br />
defensi puniti<br />
ae, a sint<br />
ae, a sint ae, a sint ae, a sint<br />
condemnatus doctus defensus punitus<br />
a, um essem a, um essem a, um essem a, um essem<br />
condemnatus doctus defensus punitus<br />
a, um esses a, um esses a, um esses a, um esses<br />
condemnatus doctus defensus punitus<br />
a, um esset a, um esset a, um esset a, um esset<br />
condemnati docti<br />
defensi puniti<br />
ae, a essemus ae, a essemus ae, a essemus ae, a essemus<br />
condemnati docti<br />
defensi puniti<br />
ae, a essetis<br />
condemnati<br />
ae, a essent<br />
ae, a essetis<br />
docti<br />
ae, a essent<br />
ae, a essetis<br />
defensi<br />
ae, a essent<br />
ae, a essetis<br />
puniti<br />
ae, a essent
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
<br />
Singularis<br />
Pluralis<br />
6. SUM, FUI, ESSE — <br />
INDICATIVUS<br />
Praesens Imperfectum Futurum I<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
sum<br />
es<br />
est<br />
sumus<br />
estis<br />
sunt<br />
eram<br />
eras<br />
erat<br />
eramus<br />
eratis<br />
erant<br />
ero<br />
eris<br />
erit<br />
ermus<br />
ertis<br />
erunt<br />
Perfectum Plusquamperfectum Futurum II<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
fui<br />
fuisti<br />
fuit<br />
fumus<br />
fuistis<br />
fuerunt<br />
furam<br />
furas<br />
furat<br />
fueramus<br />
fueratis<br />
furant<br />
CONIUNCTIVUS<br />
furo<br />
furis<br />
furit<br />
fuermus<br />
fuertis<br />
furint<br />
Praesens Imperfectum Perfectum Plusquamperfectum<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
sim<br />
sis<br />
sit<br />
simus<br />
sitis<br />
sint<br />
essem<br />
esses<br />
esset<br />
essemus<br />
essetis<br />
essent<br />
furim<br />
furis<br />
fuert<br />
fuermus<br />
fuertis<br />
furint<br />
fuissem<br />
fuisses<br />
fuisset<br />
fuissemus<br />
fuissetis<br />
fuissent<br />
IMPERATIVUS<br />
Praesens Futurum<br />
sing. 2 es — sing. 2 3 esto — ; <br />
plur. 2 este — plur. 2 estote — <br />
3 sunto — <br />
Praesens<br />
INFINITIVUS<br />
Perfectum Futurum<br />
esse — fuisse — ... futurus, a, um esse —<br />
(fore) ... <br />
159
160<br />
Infinitivus passivi<br />
praesentis<br />
condemnari<br />
perfecti<br />
condemnatus, a, um<br />
esse<br />
futuri<br />
condemnatum iri<br />
praesentis<br />
doceri<br />
perfectum<br />
doctus, a, um esse<br />
futuri<br />
doctum iri<br />
praesentis<br />
defendi<br />
perfecti<br />
defensus, a, um esse<br />
futuri<br />
defensum iri<br />
praesentis<br />
puniri<br />
perfecti<br />
punitus, a, um esse<br />
futuri<br />
punitum iri<br />
7. VERBA INFINITA<br />
<br />
Participium perfecti<br />
passivi<br />
Gerundivum<br />
condemnatus, a, um condemnandus, a, um<br />
doctus, a, um docendus, a, um<br />
defensus, a, um defendendus, a, um<br />
punitus, a, um puniendus, a, um<br />
Participium Gerundium Supinum<br />
praesentis activi<br />
Gen. condemnandi condemnatum<br />
condemnans,<br />
Dat. condemnando<br />
condemnantis<br />
Acc. ad condemnandum<br />
futuri activi<br />
condemnaturus, a, u m<br />
Abl. condemnando<br />
praesentis activi<br />
Gen. docendi<br />
doctum<br />
docens, docentis<br />
futuri activi<br />
docturus, a, um<br />
Dat. docendo<br />
Acc. ad docendum<br />
Abl. docendo<br />
praesentis activi<br />
Gen. defendendi<br />
defensum<br />
defendens, defendentis Dat. defendendo<br />
futuri activi<br />
Acc. ad defendendum<br />
defensurus, a, um Abl. defendendo<br />
praesentis activi<br />
Gen. puniendi<br />
punitum<br />
puniens, punientis Dat. puniendo<br />
futuri activi<br />
Acc. ad puniendum<br />
puniturus, a, um<br />
Abl. puniendo
DE IUSTITIA ET IURE<br />
ÕÐÅÑÒÎÌÀÒ²ÉͲ<br />
ÌÀÒÅвÀËÈ<br />
Iuri opêram daturum prius esse oportet, unde nomen iuris<br />
descendat. Est autem a iustitia appellatum: nam, ut eleganter Celsus<br />
definit, ius est ars boni et aequi. Cuius merîto quis nos sacerdotes<br />
appellet: iustitiam namque colîmus et boni et aequi notitiam profitemur,<br />
aequum ab iniquo separantes, licîtum ab illicîto discernentes,<br />
bonos non solum metu poenarum, verum etiam praemiorum quoque<br />
exhortatione efficêre cupientes, veram, nisi fallor, philisophiam, non<br />
simulatam affectantes.<br />
Huius studii duae sunt positiones, publîcum et privatum. Publîcum<br />
ius est, quod ad statum rei Romanae spectat, privatum — quod<br />
ad singulorum utilitatem: sunt enim quaedam publîce utilia, quaedam<br />
privatim. Publîcum ius in sacris, in sacerdotîbus, in magistratîbus<br />
consistit. Privatum ius tripertitum est: selectum etênim est ex<br />
naturalîbus praeceptis aut [praeceptis] gentium aut civilîbus.<br />
Ius naturale est, quod natura omnia animalia docuit: nam ius istud<br />
non humani genêris proprium, sed omnium animalium, quae in terra,<br />
quae in mari nascuntur, avium quoque commune est. Hinc descendit<br />
maris atque femînae coniunctio, quam nos matrimonium appellamus,<br />
hinc — liberorum procreatio, hinc — educatio: videmus etenim cetêra<br />
quoque animalia, feras etiam istius iuris peritia censiri.<br />
Ius gentium est, quo gentes humanae utuntur. Quod a naturali<br />
recedêre facîle intellegêre licet, quia illud omnîbus animalîbus, hoc<br />
solis hominîbus inter se commune sit.<br />
Ius civile est, quod neque in totum a naturali vel gentium [iure]<br />
recedit nec per omnia ei seruit: itâque, cum alîquid addîmus vel<br />
detrahîmus iuri communi, ius proprium, id est civile efficîmus.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
Ius autem civile est, quod ex legîbus, plebis citis, senatus<br />
consultis, decretis principum, auctoritate prudentium venit.<br />
Ius praetorium est, quod praetores introduxerunt adiuvandi vel<br />
supplendi vel corrigendi iuris civilis gratia propter utilitatem praetorum<br />
sic nominatum.<br />
(Papinianus)<br />
Iustitia est constans et perpetua voluntas ius suum cuique<br />
tribuendi. Iuris praecepta sunt haec: honeste vivêre, alterum non<br />
161
laedêre, suum cuique tribuêre. Iuris prudentia est divinarum atque<br />
humanarum rerum notitia, iusti atque iniusti scientia.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
DE FONTIBUS IURIS ROMANI<br />
Ius popûli Romani constat ex legîbus, plebiscitis, senatus<br />
consultis, constitutionîbus princîpum, edictis eorum, qui ius edicendi<br />
habent, responsis prudentium.<br />
Lex est, quod populus iubet atque constituit. Plebiscitum est, quod<br />
plebs iubet atque constituit. Plebs autem a popûlo eo distat, quod<br />
popûli appellatione universi cives significantur; plebis autem<br />
appellatione sine patriciis cetêri cives significantur.Unde olim patricii<br />
dicebant plebiscitis se non teneri, quae sine auctoritate eorum facta<br />
essent. Sed postea lex Hortensia lata est, qua plebiscita universum<br />
popûlum tenebant; itâque eo modo legîbus exaequata sunt.<br />
Senatusconsultum est, quod senatus iubet atque constituit: idque<br />
legis vicem obtînet, quamvis fuêrit quaesîtum.<br />
Constitutio princîpis est, quod imperator decreto vel edicto vel<br />
epistûla constituit. Nec umquam dubitatum est, quin id legis vicem<br />
obtineat, cum ipse per legem imperium accipiat.<br />
Ius autem edicendi habent magistratus popûli Romani. Sed<br />
amplissîmum ius est in edictis duorum praetorum, urbani et peregrini,<br />
quorum iurisdictionem in provinciis praesîdes earum [provinciarum]<br />
habent; item in edicto aedilium curulium, quorum iurisdictionem in<br />
provinciis quaestores habent.<br />
Responsa prudentium sunt sententiae et opiniones eorum, quibus<br />
permissum est iura condêre. Quorum omnium si in unum sententiae<br />
concurrunt, id, quod ita sentiunt, legis vicem obtinet. Si vero<br />
dissentiunt, iudîci licet (quam libêt) sententiam sequi; idque rescripto<br />
divi Hadriani significatur.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
IUS CIVILE ET IUS GENTIUM<br />
Omnes popûli, qui legîbus et morîbus reguntur, partim suo<br />
proprio, partim communi omnium homînum iure utuntur.<br />
Nam ius, quod quisque popûlus ipse sibi constituit, id ipsius<br />
civitatis proprium est vocaturque ius civile, quasi ius proprium<br />
civitatis.<br />
Quod autem naturalis ratio inter omnes homînes constituit, id<br />
apud omnes popûlos custoditur vocaturque ius gentium, quasi eo iure<br />
omnes gentes utuntur.<br />
162
Popûlus itaque Romanus partim suo proprio, partim communi<br />
omnium homînum iure utîtur.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
DE IURE ET LEGE<br />
Lex est commune praeceptum, virorum prudentium consultum,<br />
delictorum, quae sponte vel ignorantia contrahuntur, co¸rcitio,<br />
communis rei publîcae sponsio.<br />
(Papinianus)<br />
Legis virtus haec est: imperare, vetare, permittêre, punire.<br />
(Modestinus)<br />
Iura non in singûlas personas, sed generalîter constituuntur.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
Scire leges non hoc est verba earum tenere, sed vim ac potestatem<br />
intellegêre. Benignae leges interpretandae sunt, quo voluntas earum<br />
conservetur.<br />
(Celsus)<br />
Non omnium, quae a maiorîbus constituta sunt, ratio reddi potest.<br />
(Iulianus)<br />
Et ideo rationes eorum, quae constituuntur, inquiri non oportet:<br />
alioquin multa ex his, quae certa sunt, subvertuntur.<br />
(Neratius)<br />
Cum lex in praeterîtum quid indulget, in futurum vetat.<br />
Diuturna consuetudo pro iure et lege in his, quae non ex scripto<br />
descendunt, observari solet.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
Ergo omne ius aut consensus fecit aut necessîtas constituit aut<br />
firmavit consuetudo.<br />
(Modestinus)<br />
DE STATU HOMINEM<br />
Summa itâque de iure personarum divisio haec est, quod omnes<br />
homînes aut libêri sunt aut servi.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
Libertas est naturalis facultas eius, quod cuique facêre libet, nisi<br />
si quid vi aut iure prohibetur. Servîtus est constitutio iuris gentium,<br />
qua quis dominio alieno contra naturam subicîtur. Servi ex eo appellati<br />
sunt, quod imperatores captivos vendêre ac per hoc servare, nec<br />
occidêre solent: mancipia vero dicta [etiam sunt], quod ab hostîbus<br />
manu capiantur.<br />
(Florentinus)<br />
163
Et servorum quidem una est condicio. Liberorum autem homînum<br />
quidam ingenui sunt, quidam libertini.<br />
Servi autem in dominium nostrum rediguntur aut iure civili aut<br />
[iure] gentium: iure civili, si quis se maior viginti annis ad pretium<br />
participandam venire passus est; iure gentium servi nostri sunt, qui<br />
ab hostîbus capiuntur aut qui ex ancillis nostris nascuntur.<br />
Ingenui sunt, qui ex matre libêra nati sunt: suffîcit enim libêram<br />
fuisse eo tempôre, quo nascîtur, licet ancilla concepit. Et, e contrario,<br />
si libêra concepêrit, deinde ancilla pariat, placuit eum, qui nascîtur,<br />
libêrum nasci. Nec intêrest, iustis nuptiis concepit an volgo, quia non<br />
debet calamîtas matris nocere ei, qui in ventre est.<br />
(Marcianus)<br />
DE SOCIETATE<br />
1.<br />
Societatem coire solemus aut totorum bonorum, aut unius alicuius<br />
negotiationis, velûti mancipiorum emendorum vendendorumque aut<br />
olei, vini, frumenti emendi vendendique.<br />
Et quidem si nihil de partîbus lucri et damni nominatim<br />
convenêrit, aequales partes in lucro et damno spectantur. Quod si<br />
expressae fuêrint partes, hae servari debent. Nec enim unquam dubium<br />
fuit, quin valeat conventio, si duo inter se pacti sunt, ut ad unum<br />
quidem duae partes damni et lucri pertineant, ad alium tertia.<br />
De illa conventione quaesîtum est, si Titius et Seius inter se pacti<br />
sunt, ut ad Titium lucri duae partes pertineant, damni — tertia, ad<br />
Seium — duae partes damni, lucri — tertia, an rata debeat haberi<br />
conventio?<br />
Quintus Mucius contra naturam societatis talem pactionem esse<br />
exestimavit et ob id non esse ratam habendam.<br />
Servius Suplicius, cuius sententia praevaluit, contra sentit, quia saepe<br />
quorundam ita pretiosa est opêra in societate, ut eos iustum sit meliore<br />
condicione in societatem admitti. Nam et ita coiri posse societatem non<br />
dubitatur, ut alter pecuniam confêrat, alter non confêrat et tamen lucrum<br />
inter eos commune sit, quia saepe opêra alicuius pro pecunia valet.<br />
(Inst. Iust.)<br />
2.<br />
Cum tres equos haberes et ego unum, ut accepto equo meo<br />
quadrigam vendêres et ex pretio quartam mihi reddêres. Si igîtur ante<br />
venditionem equus meus mortuus sit, non putare se Celsus ait<br />
societatem manere nec ex pretio equorum tuorum partem deberi. Non<br />
enim habendae quadrigae, sed vendendae coîtam societatem [esse].<br />
164
Cetêrum si id actum dicatur, ut quadriga fiêret eaque communicaretur<br />
tuque in ea tres partes haberes, ego quartam, non dubie adhuc<br />
socii sumus.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
3.<br />
Sociêtas solvîtur ex personis, ex rebus, ex voluntate, ex actione.Ideoque<br />
sive homînes sive res sive voluntas sive actio interiêrit,<br />
distrahi videtur sociêtas.<br />
Intereunt autem homînes quidem maxîma et media capîtis<br />
deminutione aut morte; res vero, cum aut nullae relinquantur aut<br />
conditionem mutavêrint. Neque enim eius rei, quae iam nulla sit,<br />
quisquam socius est neque eius, quae consecrata publicatave sit.<br />
Voluntate distrahîtur sociêtas renuntiatione.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
Actione distrahîtur, cum aut stipulatione aut iudicio mutata sit<br />
causa societatis.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
DE ACTIONIBUS<br />
Nihil aliud est actio quam ius, quod sibi debetur, indicio persequendi.<br />
(Celsus)<br />
Actionum genêra sunt duo: in rem, quae dicîtur vindicatio, et in<br />
personam, quae condictio appellatur.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
In personam actio est qua agîmus cum alîquo, qui nobis vel ex<br />
contractu vel ex delicto obligatus est, id est quotiens intendîmus eum<br />
dare, facêre, praestare, oportere.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
In rem actio est, cum aut corporalem rem intendîmus nostram esse<br />
aut ius alîquod nobis competêre, velut utendi fruendi, agendi, aquam<br />
ducendi.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
In rem actio adversus eum est qui rem possîdet. In personam actio<br />
adversus eum locum habet qui obligatus est nobis.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
DIVISIO HEREDITATIS<br />
Tres fratres, Titius et Maevius et Seia, communem hereditatem<br />
inter se diviserunt Instrumentis interposîtis, quibus divisisse se<br />
165
maternam hereditatem dixerunt nihilque sibi commune remansisse<br />
caverunt.<br />
Sed postea duo de fratrîbus, id est Maevius et Seia, qui absentes<br />
erant tempôre mortis matris suae, cognoverunt pecuniam auream a<br />
fratre suo esse subtractam, cuius nulla mentio instrumento divisionis<br />
continebatur.<br />
Quaero, an post pactum divisionis de subrepta pecunia fratrîbus<br />
adversus fratrem compêtit actio.<br />
Modestinus respondit. Si agentîbus ob portionem eius, quod<br />
subreptum a Titio dicîtur, exceptio pacti conventi obiciatur, de dolo<br />
replicari posse, qui fraudem a Titio commissam ignorantes<br />
transegerunt.<br />
(Modestinus)<br />
DE MANDATIS<br />
1.<br />
Obligatio mandati consensu contrahentium consistit. Ideo per<br />
nuntium quoque vel per epistûlam mandatum suscîpi potest. Item sive<br />
«rogo», sive «volo», sive «mando», sive alio quocumque verbo<br />
scripsêrit, mandati actio est.<br />
Item mandatum et in diem differri et sub condicione contrâhi<br />
potest.<br />
Mandatum, nisi gratuîtum, nullum est: nam [mandatum] origînem<br />
ex officio atque amicitia trahit, contrarium ergo est officio merces:<br />
interveniente enim pecunia res ad locationem et conductionem potuis<br />
respîcit.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
2.<br />
Cum controversia esset de hereditate defunctae inter scriptum<br />
heredem et patruum Maevium et amîtas, Maevius littêris, ad sorores<br />
suas factis, declaravit commune futurum, quidquid ad eum ex eventu<br />
litis hereditariae pervenisset, neque stipulatio littêras secuta est.<br />
Quaesîtum est, cum transegêrit idem Maevius cum scripto herede<br />
ita, ut praedia et aliae quaedam res ex ea transactione ad eum<br />
pervenirent, an ex littêris suis possit conveniri. Respondit [Scaevôla]<br />
posse.<br />
3.<br />
Mandavi in haec verba: «Lucius Titius Gaio suo salutem. Peto et<br />
mando tibi, ut fidem dicas pro Publio Maevio apud Sempronium.<br />
Quaeque a Publio soluta tibi non fuêrint, me repraesentaturum hac<br />
epistûla, manu mea scripta, notum tibi facio».<br />
166
Quaero, si [Gaius] non fideiussisset, sed mandasset creditori et<br />
alias egisset, quam quod ei mandatum esset, an actione mandati<br />
teneretur. Respondit teneri.<br />
(Mucius Scaevôla)<br />
DE RITU NUPTIARUM<br />
Nuptiae sunt coniunctio maris et femînae et consortium omnis<br />
vitae, divini et humani iuris communicatio.<br />
(Modestinus)<br />
Nuptiae consentire non possunt, nisi consentiant omnes, id est qui<br />
colunt quorumque potestate sunt.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
Minorem annis duodêcim nuptam tunc legitîmam uxorem fore,<br />
cum apud virum explesset duodêcim annos.<br />
(Pomponius)<br />
Non cogîtur filius familias uxorem ducere.<br />
(Terentius Clemens)<br />
Si, patre cogente, [filius familias] ducit uxorem, quam non<br />
ducêret, si sui arbitrii esset, contraxit tamen matrimonium, quod inter<br />
invitos non contrahîtur: maluisse hoc videtur.<br />
(Celsus)<br />
Plerique opinantur, cum eâdem mulier ad eundem virum<br />
revertatur, id matrimonium idem esse. Quibus adsentior, si non multo<br />
tempôre interposîto reconciliati fuêrint, nec inter moras aut illa alii<br />
nupsêrit aut hic aliam duxêrit, maxîme si nec dotem vir reddidêrit.<br />
(Marcellus)<br />
Semper in coniunctionîbus non solum quid liceat considerandum<br />
est, sed et quid honestum sit. Si senatoris filia, neptis, proneptis<br />
libertino vel [ei], qui artem ludicram exercuit cuiusve pater materve<br />
id fecêrit, nupsêrit, nuptiae non erunt.<br />
(Modestinus)<br />
DE FURTIS<br />
Furtum a furvo, id est nigro, dictum Labeo ait, quod clam et<br />
obscuro fiat et plerumque nocte; vel a fraude, ut Sabinus ait; vel a<br />
ferendo et auferendo […] Sola cogitatio furti faciendi non facit furem.<br />
Sic is, qui deposîtum abnêgat, non statim etiam furti tenetur, sed ita,<br />
si id intercipiendi causa occultavêrit. Furtum est contrectatio rei<br />
fraudulosa lucri faciendi gratia vel ipsius rei vel etiam usus eius<br />
possessionisve. Quod lege naturali prohibîtum est admittêre.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
167
Furtorum genêra duo sunt, manifestum et nec manifestum.<br />
(G.)<br />
Fur est manifestus, qui deprehendîtur cum furto.Et parvi refert,<br />
a quo deprehendatur, utrum ab eo, cuius res fuit an ab alio. Sed utrum<br />
ita demum fur sit manifestum, si in faciendo furto deprehendatur, an<br />
vero et si alicui fuêrit deprehensus?<br />
Et magis est, ut et Iulianus scripsit, et si non ibi deprehendatur,<br />
ubi furtum fecit, adtâmen esse furem manifestum, si cum re furtiva<br />
fuêrit adprehensus, priusquam eo loci rem pertulêrit, quo destinavêrat.<br />
Sive igîtur in publîco sive in privato deprehendatur, antêquam ad<br />
locum destinatum rem perferret, in ea causa est, ut fur manifestum<br />
sit, si cum re furtiva deprehendatur; et ita Cassius scripsit. Sed si<br />
pertulit quo destinavit, tametsi deprehendatur cum re furtiva, non est<br />
manifestus fur.<br />
Si quis in servitute furtum fecêrit et manumissus deprehendatur,<br />
an fur manifestus sit videamus. Et ait Pomponius non posse eum<br />
manifestum conveniri, quia origo furti, in servitute facti, non fuit<br />
manifesti.<br />
Ibidem Pomponius eleganter scripsit deprehensione fiêri<br />
manifestum furem. Cetêrum si, cum tibi furtum facêrem de domo tua,<br />
abscondisti te, ne te occidam, etiamsi vidisti furtum fiêri, attâmen non<br />
est manifestum.<br />
Sed Celsus deprehensioni hoc etiam adicit, si, cum vidisses eum<br />
subripientem et ad comprehendendum eum accurrisses, abiecto furto<br />
effugit, furem manifestum esse. Parvique referre putat, domînus an<br />
vicinus an quilîbet transiens adprehendat.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
Nec manifestum furtum quid est, appâret: nam quod manifestum<br />
non est, hoc scilîcet nec manifestum est.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
In actione furti suffîcit rem demonstrari, ut possit intellêgi. De<br />
pondêre autem vasorum non est necesse loqui. Suffîcit igîtur ita dici:<br />
«lancem» vel «discum» vel «patêram». Sed adscribenda etiam materia<br />
est, utrum argentea an aurea an alia quae sit.<br />
Quod si quis argentum infectum petat, et massam argenteam<br />
dicêre et pondus debebit ponêre. Signati argenti numêrum debebit<br />
complecti, velûti aureos tot pluresve furto ei abesse.<br />
De veste quaerîtur, an color eius dicendus sit. Et verum est<br />
colorem eius dici oportere, ut, quemadmôdum in vasis dicîtur «patêra<br />
aurea», ita et in veste color dicatur.<br />
168
Qui ea mente alienum quid contrectavit, ut lucri facêret, tametsi<br />
mutato consilio id domîno postea reddîdit, fur est: nemo enim tali<br />
peccato paenitentia sua nocens esse desînit.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
DE IURE PERSONARUM<br />
1. Omne ius, quo utîmur, vel ad personas pertînet vel ad res vel<br />
ad actiones. Prius videamus de personis. Summa divisio de iure<br />
personarum haec est, quod omnes homînes aut libêri sunt aut servi.<br />
Rursus liberorum homînum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini.<br />
Ingenui sunt, qui libri nati sunt; libertini, qui ex servitute<br />
manumissi sunt.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
2. Est autem manumissio de manu missio, id est, datio libertatis:<br />
nam quamdiu quis in servitute est, manui et potestati supposîtus est,<br />
manumissus autem liberatur potestate.<br />
(Digesta)<br />
3. Sequîtur de iure personarum alia divisio: nam quaedam<br />
personae sui iuris sunt, quaedam alieno iuri sunt subiectae. Rursus<br />
earum personarum, quae alieno iuri subiectae sunt, aliae in potestate,<br />
aliae in manu sunt.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
4. Videamus nunc de iis, quae alieno iuri subiectae sunt: nam<br />
quaedam personae sint, simul intellegemus, quae sui iuris sint. Ac<br />
prius dispiciamus de iis, qui in aliena potestate sunt.<br />
In potestate itâque sunt servi dominorum, quae (= et ea) potestas<br />
iuris gentium est: nam apud omnes gentes animadvertêre possûmus<br />
domînus in servos vitae necisque potestatem esse, et quodcumque per<br />
servum adquirîtur, id domîno adquiri.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
5. Sed hoc tempôre neque civîbus Romanis nec ullis aliis hominîbus,<br />
qui sub imperio popûli Romani sunt, licet supra modum et<br />
sine causa in servos servire: male enim nostro iure uti non debemus.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
6. Item in potestate nostra sunt libêri nostri. Quod (= et id) ius<br />
proprium civium Romanorum est: fere enim nulli alii sunt homînes,<br />
qui talem in filios habent potestatem, qualem nos habemus.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
DE INIURIIS<br />
Iniuria ex eo dicta est, quod non iure fiant: omne enim, quod non<br />
iure fit, iniuria fiêri dicîtur. Hoc generalîter. Specialîter autem iniuria<br />
dicîtur contumelia.<br />
169
Interdum iniuriae appellatione damnum, culpa datum, significatur,<br />
ut in lege Aquilia dicêre solemus; interdum iniquitatem iniuriam<br />
dicîmus, nam cum quis inique vel iniuste sententiam dixit, iniuriam,<br />
ex eo dictam, quod iure et iustitia caret, quasi non inuriam, contumeliam<br />
autem a condemnendo.<br />
Iniuriam autem fiêri Labeo ait aut re aut verbis: re, quotiens manus<br />
inferuntur; verbis autem, quotiens non manus inferuntur, [sed]<br />
convicium fit. Omnemque iniuriam aut in corpus inferri aut in<br />
dignitatem aut ad infamiam pertinere: in corpus fit, cum quis pulsatur;<br />
ad dignitatem , cum comes matronae abducîtur; ad infamiam, cum<br />
pudicitia adtemptatur.<br />
Item aut per semet ipsum alicui fit iniuria aut per alias personas.<br />
Per semet, cum directo ipsi cui patri familias vel matri familias fit<br />
iniuria. Per alias, cum per consequentias fit, cum fit libêrias meis vel<br />
servis meis vel uxori nuruive. Spectat enim ad nos iniuria, quae in his<br />
fit, qui vel potestati nostrae vel affectui subiecti sunt.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
Si viro iniuria facta sit, uxor non agit, quia defendi uxores a viris,<br />
non viros ab uxorîbus aequum est.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
Illud relatum peraeque est eos, qui iniuriam pati possunt, et facêre<br />
posse. Sane sunt quidam, qui facêre non possunt, ut puta furiosus et<br />
inpubes, qui doli capax non est. Namque hi pati iniuriam solent, non<br />
facêre. Cum enim iniuria ex affectu facientis consistat, consequens erit<br />
dicêre hos, sive pulsent sive convicium dicant, iniuriam fecisse non<br />
videri.<br />
Itâque pati quis iniuriam, etiamsi non sentiat, potest, facêre<br />
[autem] nemo [potest], nisi qui scit se iniuriam facêre, etiamsi nesciat,<br />
cui faciat. Quare si quis per iocum percutiat aut dum certat, iniuriarum<br />
non tenetur.<br />
Si quis homînem libêrum cecidêrit, dum putat servum suum, in<br />
ea causa est, ne iniuriarum teneatur.<br />
Non solum is iniuriarum tenetur, qui fecit iniuriam, hoc est qui<br />
percussit, verum ille quoque continetur, qui dolo fecit vel qui curavit,<br />
ut cui malo malo pugno percuteretur. Iniuriarum actio ex bono et<br />
aequo est et dissimulatione aboletur. Si quis enim iniuriam dereliquêrit,<br />
hoc est statim passus ad anîmum suum non revocavêrit, postea ex<br />
paenitentia remissam iniuriam non potêrit recolêre.<br />
Convicium iniuriam esse Labeo ait. Convicium autem dicîtur vel a<br />
concitatione vel a conventu, hoc est a collatione vocum. Cum enim in unum<br />
complures voces conferuntur, convicium appellatur, quasi convocium.<br />
170
Convicium non tantum praesenti, verum absenti quoque fiêri<br />
posse Labeo scribit. Proinde si quis ad domum tuam venêrit te absente,<br />
convicium factum esse dicîtur. Idem et si ad stationem vel tabernam<br />
ventum sit, probari oportere. Fecisse convicium non tantum is videtur,<br />
qui vociferatus est, verum is quoque, qui concitavit ad vociferationem<br />
alios vel qui summisit, ut vociferentur. Si quis virgînes appellasset,<br />
si tamen ancillari veste vestitas, minus peccare videtur; multo minus,<br />
si meretricia veste femînae, non matrae familiarum vestitae fuissent.<br />
Si igîtur non matronali habîtu femîna fuêrit et quis eam appellavit vel<br />
ei comîtem abduxit, iniuriarum tenetur. Comîtem accipêre debemus<br />
eum, qui comitetur et sequatur et (ut Labeo ait) sive libêrum sive<br />
servum sive mascûlum sive femînam. Et ita comîtem Labeo definit,<br />
«qui frequentandi causa ut sequeretur destinatus in publîco privatove<br />
abductus fuêrit». Inter comîtes utîque paedagôgi erunt.<br />
Abduxisse videtur, ut Labeo ait, non qui abducêre comîtem coepit,<br />
sed qui perfecit, ut comes cum ea non esset. Abduxisse autem non<br />
tantum is videtur, qui persuasit comîti, ut eam deserêret. Tenetur hoc<br />
edicto non tantum qui comîtem abduxit, verum etia si quis eorum<br />
quem appellavisset adsectatusve est.<br />
Appellare est blanda oratione alterius pudicitiam adtemptare; hoc<br />
enim non est convicium, sed adversus bonos mores adtemptare.<br />
Qui turpîbus verbis utitur, non temptat pudicitiam, sed iniuriarum<br />
tenetur. Aliud est appellare, aliud adsectari: appellat enim, qui sermone<br />
pudicitiam adtemptat, adsectatur, qui tacîtus frequenter sequîtur.<br />
Adsidua enim frequentia quasi praebet nonnullam infamiam.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
Si servus servo fecêrit iniuriam, perinde agendum [est], quasi si<br />
domîno fecisset.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
DE RE IUDICATA ET DE EFFECTU SENTENTIARUM<br />
Res iudicata dicîtur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione<br />
iudîcis accîpit; quod vel condemnatione vel absolutione contingit.<br />
(Modestinus)<br />
Qui damnare potest, is absolvendi quoque potestatem habet.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
Duo iudîces dati diversas sententias dederunt. Modestinus<br />
respondit utramque sententiam in pendenti esse, donec compêtens<br />
iudex unam earum confirmavêrit.<br />
(Modestinus)<br />
171
Pomponius scribit, si uni ex plurîbus iudicîbus, de liberali causa<br />
cognoscenti, de re non liqueat, cetêri autem consentiant, si is iuravêrit<br />
sibi non liquere, eo quiescente cetêros, sententiam proferre, quia, etsi<br />
dissentiret, plurium sententia optineret.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
Tunc autem universi iudîces intelleguntur iudicare, cum omnes<br />
adsunt.<br />
(Marcellus)<br />
Duo ex tribus iudicîbus uno absente iudicare non possunt, quippe<br />
omnes iudicare iussi sunt. Sed si adsit et contra sentiat, statur duorum<br />
sententia: quid enim minus verum est omnes iudicasse?<br />
(Celsus)<br />
Actorum verba emendare tenore sententiae perseverante non est<br />
prohibîtum.<br />
(Hermogenianus)<br />
Decreta a praetorîbus Latine interponi debent.<br />
(Tryphoninus)<br />
Iudex, posteaquam semel sententiam dixit, postea iudex esse<br />
desînit. Et hoc iure utîmur, ut iudex, qui semel vel pluris vel minoris<br />
condemnavit, amplius corrigêre sententiam suam non possit; semel<br />
enim male seu bene officio functus est.<br />
Post rem iudicatum vel iureiurando decisam vel confessionem, in<br />
iure factam, nihil quaerîtur posi orationem divi Marci, quia in iure<br />
confessi pro iudicatis habentur.<br />
Quidam consulebat, an valeret sententia, a minore viginti quinque<br />
annis iudîce data. Et aequissîmum est tueri sententiam, ab eo dictam,<br />
nisi minor decem et octo annis sit. Certe, si magistratum minor gerit,<br />
dicendum est iurisdictionem eius non improbari. Et si forte ex<br />
consensu iudex minor datus sit, scientîbus his, qui in eum consentiebant,<br />
rectissîme dicîtur valere sententiam. Proinde, si minor<br />
praetor, si consul ius dixêrit sententiamve protulêrit, valebit; princeps<br />
enim, qui ei magistratum dedit, omnia gerêre decrevit.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
DE APPELLATIONIBUS<br />
Appellandi usus quam sit frequens quamque necessarius, nemo est,<br />
qui nesciat, quippe cum iniquitatem iudicantium vel imperitiam<br />
recorrîgat; licet nonnumquam bene latas sententias in peius reformet,<br />
neque enim utîque melius pronuntiat, qui novissîmus sententiam<br />
laturus est.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
172
Ab exsecutore sententiae appellare non licet. Sed ab eo, qui<br />
sententiam male interpretari dicîtur, appellare licet, si tamen is<br />
interpretandi potestatem habuit, velut praeses provinciae aut<br />
procurator Caesâris: ita tamen, ut in causis appellationis reddendis hoc<br />
solum quaeratur, an iure inerpretatum sit. Idque divus Antonius<br />
rescripsit. Alio condemnato is, cui intêrest, appellare potest. Qualis<br />
est, qui, per procuratorem expertus, victus est, nec procurator suo<br />
nomîne appellet. Item si emptor de proprietate victus est, eo cessante<br />
auctor eius appellare potêrit; aut si auctor egêrit et victus sit, non est<br />
deneganda emptori appellandi facultas.<br />
(Macer)<br />
Cum quidam propter violentiam iudîcis non ipsi, a quo appellavit,<br />
dedit libellos, sed publîce proposuisset, divus Severus veniam ei dedit<br />
et permisit ei causas appellationis agêre.<br />
(Marcianus)<br />
Illud sciendum est eum, qui provocavit, non debere conviciari ei,<br />
a quo appellat: cetêrum oportebit eum plecti.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
Si expressim sententia contra iuris rigorem data fuêrit, valere non<br />
debet: et sine appellatione causa denuo induci potest.<br />
Non iure profertur sententia, si specialîter contra leges vel senatus<br />
consultum vel constitutionem fuêrit prolata. Unde si quis ex hac<br />
sententia appellavêrit et praescriptione summotus sit, minîme<br />
confirmatur ex hac praescriptione sententia. Unde potest causa ab<br />
initio agitari.<br />
(Modestinus)<br />
DE OBLIGATIONIBUS<br />
1.<br />
Obligationes aut ex contractu nascuntur aut ex maleficio aut<br />
proprio quodam iure ex variis causarum figuris. Obligationes ex<br />
contractu aut re contrahuntur aut verbis aut consensu.<br />
Re contrahîtur obligatio mutui datione. Mutui autem datio<br />
consistit in his rebus, quae pondêre, numêro mensurave constant, velûti<br />
vino, oleo, frumento, pecunia numerata, quas res in hoc damus, ut<br />
fiant accipientis, postea alias recepturi eiusdem genêris et qualitatis.<br />
Is quoque, cui rem alîquam commodamus, re nobis obligatur, sed is<br />
de ea ipsa re, quam accepêrit, restituenda tenetur.<br />
Is quoque, apud quem rem alîquam deponîmus, re nobis tenetur;<br />
qui et ipse de ea re, quam accepêrit, restituenda tenetur,<br />
173
Verbis obligatio contrahîtur ex interrogatione et responsu, cum<br />
quid dari fierive nobis stipulemur. Sed aut proprio nomîne quisque<br />
obligatur aut alieno. Qui autem alieno nomîne obligatur, fideiussor<br />
vocatur. Et plerumque ab eo, quem proprio nomîne obligamus, alios<br />
accipîmus, qui eadem obligatione teneantur, dum curamus, ut quod<br />
in obligationem deduxîmus, tutius nobis debeatur.<br />
Consensu fiunt obligationes in emptionîbus, venditionîbus,<br />
locationîbus conductionîbus, societatîbus, mandatis. Ideo autem istis<br />
modis consensu dicîmus obligationem contrâhi, quia neque verborum<br />
neque scripturae illa propriêtas desideratur, sed suffîcit eos, qui negotia<br />
gerunt, consentire. Unde inter absentes quoque talia negotia contrahuntur,<br />
velûti per epistûlam vel per nuntium. Item in his contractîbus<br />
alter altêri obligatur de eo, quod altêrum altêri ex bono et<br />
aequo praestare oportet.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
Obligationum substantia non in eo consistit, ut alîquod corpus<br />
nostrum aut servitutem nostram faciat, sed ut alium nobis obstringat<br />
ad dandum alîquid vel faciendum vel praestandum.<br />
Non satis autem est dantis esse nummos et fiêri accipientis, ut<br />
obligatio nascatur, sed etiam hoc anîmo dari et accîpi, ut obligatio<br />
constituatur. Itâque si quis,pecuniam suam donandi causa dedêrit mihi,<br />
quamquam et donantis fuêrit et mea fiat, tamen non obligabor ei, quia<br />
non hoc inter nos actum est. Verborum quoque obligatio constat, si<br />
inter contrahentes id agatur; nec enim si per iocum puta vel<br />
demonstrandi intellectus causa ego tibi dixêro: «spondes?», et tu<br />
respondêris: «spondeo», nascetur obligatio.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
Ex maleficio nascuntur obligationes, veluti ex furto, ex damno,<br />
ex rapina, ex iniuria. Quae omnia unius genêris sunt. Nam hae re<br />
tantum consistunt, id est ipso maleficio, cum alioquin ex contractu<br />
obligationes non tantum re consistant, sed etiam verbis et consensu.<br />
(Gai.)<br />
Non figura litterarum, sed oratione, quam exprîmunt littêrae,<br />
obligamur, quatênus placuit non minus valere, quod scriptura, quam<br />
quod vocîbus lingua figuratis significaretur.<br />
(Paul.)<br />
Etiam nudus consensus suffîcit obligationi, quamvis verbis hoc<br />
exprîmi possit. Sed et nutu solo pleraque consistunt.<br />
(Modestinus)<br />
2.<br />
Obligamur aut re aut verbis aut simul utroque aut consensu aut<br />
lege aut iure honorario aut necessitate aut ex peccato.<br />
174
Re obligamur, cum res ipsa intercedit. Verbis, cum praecedit<br />
interrogatio et sequîtur congruens responsio. Re et verbis parîter<br />
obligamur, cum et res interrogationi intercedit, conscientes in alîquam<br />
rem. Ex consensu obligari necessario ex voluntate nostra videmur.<br />
Lege obligamur, cum obtemperantes legîbus alîquid secundum<br />
praeceptum legis aut contra facîmus. Iure honorario obligamur ex his,<br />
quae edicto perpetuo vel magistratu fiêri praecipiuntur vel fiêri<br />
prohibentur. Necessitate obligantur, quibus non licet aliud facêre,<br />
quam quod praeceptum est; quod evênit in necessario herede. Ex<br />
peccato obligamur, cum in facto quaestionis summa consistit.<br />
(Modestinus)<br />
DE CONDICIONIBUS STIPULATIONUM<br />
Si quis ita stipulatus fuêrit: «decem aureos das, si navis venit et<br />
Titius consul factus est?» non alias dabîtur, quam si utrumque factum<br />
sit. Idem in contrarium: «dare spondes, si nec navis venit nec Titius<br />
consul factus sit?» exigendum erit, ut neutrum factum sit. Huic simîlis<br />
scriptura est: «si neque navis venit neque Titius consul factus est?»<br />
Suffîcit unum factum. Et contra: «dabis, si navis non venit aut Titius<br />
consul factus non est?» Suffîcit unum non factum.<br />
(Scaevôla)<br />
DE POLLICITATIONIBUS<br />
Si pollicîtus quis fuêrit rei publîcae opus se facturum vel pecuniam<br />
daturum, in usuras non convenietur. Sed si moram coepêrit<br />
facêre, usurae accedunt.<br />
Non semper autem obligari eum, qui pollicîtus est sciendum est.<br />
Si quidem ob honorem promisêrit decretum sibi vel decemendum vel<br />
ob aliam iustam causam, tenebîtur ex pollicitatione. Sin vero sine causa<br />
promisêrit, non erit obligatus. Et ita multis costitutionîbus et veterîbus<br />
et novis continetur.<br />
Item si sine causa promisêrit, coepêrit tamen facêre, obligatus est,<br />
qui coepit. Coepisse sic accipîmus, si fundamenta iecit vel locum<br />
purgavit. Sed et si locus illi petenti destinatus est, magis est, ut<br />
coepisse videatur. Item si apparatum sive impensam in publîco posuit.<br />
Pactum est duorum consensus atque conventio, pollicitato vero<br />
offerentis solius promissum.<br />
Et ideo illud est constitutum, ut, si ob honorem pollicitatio fuêrit<br />
facta, quasi debîtum exigatur.<br />
(Ulp.)<br />
175
176<br />
DE TESTIBUS<br />
Adhiberi testes possunt non solum in criminalîbus causis, sed<br />
etiam in pecuniariis litîbus.<br />
Quibusdam legîbus amplissîmus numêrus testium definitus est,<br />
tamen ex constitutionîbus princîpum haec licentia ad sufficientem<br />
numêrum coartatur.<br />
Iudîces eum solum numêrum testium evocari permittunt, quem<br />
necessarium esse putant.<br />
Testes non evocandi sunt per longum iter et multo minus milîtes<br />
avocandi sunt a signis.<br />
Testium fides examinanda est.<br />
Ideoque in persona eorum exploranda erunt: in primis condicio<br />
cuiusque, utrum quis decurio an plebeius sit, et an honestae et<br />
inculpatae vitae, an vero notatus quis et reprehensibîlis; an locûples<br />
vel egens sit; vel an inimicus eius sit, adversus quem testimonium dat,<br />
vel amicus ei sit, pro quo testimonium dat.<br />
Neque patroni adversus libertos neque liberti adversus patronos<br />
testimonium dicêre coguntur.<br />
Divus Hadrianus proconsûli Macedoniae rescripsit testîbus se,<br />
non testimoniis crediturum esse.<br />
Verba epistûlae ad hanc partem pertinentia haec sunt: Crimîna<br />
obiecit apud me Alexander Apro; ea non probabat nec testes producebat,<br />
sed testimoniis uti volebat, quibus apud me locus non est,<br />
nam ipsos interrogare soleo. Eum remisi ad provinciae praesîdem, ut<br />
is de fide testium quaerêret.<br />
Idem princeps in haec verba rescripsit: alia est auctorîtas praesentium<br />
testium, alia testimoniorum quae recitari solent.<br />
(Digesta)<br />
SALLUSTIUS DE CONIURATIONE CATILINAE 5-16<br />
Ëóöèé Ñåðã³é Êàò³ë³íà — êâåñòîð ó 77 ð. äî í. å., ó 69 ð. — ïðåòîð, ó<br />
68–66 ðð. — êåðóþ÷èé ïðîâ³íö³ºþ Àôðèêîþ. Äâ³÷³ ó 65 ³ 63 ðð. äîìàãàâñÿ<br />
êîíñóëüñòâà, àëå áåçóñï³øíî. Áóâ â³äîìèé ó Ðèì³ ñâîºþ æîðñòîê³ñòþ â<br />
ïåðåñë³äóâàíí³ ³ çíèùåíí³ ãðîìàäÿí, ÿê³ ïîòðàïèëè äî ïðîñêðèïö³éíèõ<br />
ñïèñê³â. Îðãàí³çóâàâ çìîâó äëÿ çàõîïëåííÿ âëàäè øëÿõîì äåðæàâíîãî<br />
ïåðåâîðîòó. Öèöåðîí ðîçêðèâ éîãî ïëàíè. Ó÷àñíèêè çìîâè áóëè çààðåøòîâàí³<br />
³ çàñóäæåí³ äî ñòðàòè. Êàò³ë³íà çàãèíóâ ïðè ñïðîá³ ïåðåïðàâèòèñÿ<br />
ç â³éñüêîì ó Ãàëë³þ.<br />
fragmenta<br />
L.Catilina, nobîli genêre natus, fuit magna vi et anîmi et corpôris,<br />
sed ingenio malo pravoque. Huic ab adulescentia bella intestina,
caedes, rapinae, discordia civilis grata fuere ibique iuventutem suam<br />
exercuit. Corpus patiens inediae, algoris, vigiliae supra quam cuiquam<br />
credibîle est. Anîmus audax, subdôlus, varius, alieni adpêtens, sui<br />
profusus, ardens in cupiditatîbus; satis eloquentiae, sapientiae parum.<br />
Vastus anîmus inmoderata, incredibilia, nimis alta semper cupiebat.<br />
Hunc post dominationem Sullae lubido maxîma invasêrat rei publicae<br />
capiundae. Agitabatur magis magisque in dies anîmus ferox inopia<br />
rei familiaris et conscentia scelêrum. Incitabant eum praeterea corrupti<br />
civitatis mores, quos pessîma mala, luxuria ac avaritia, vexabant. …<br />
Ubi enim labore ac iustitia res publîca crevit, reges magni bello<br />
domîti, nationes ferae et popûli ingentes vi subacti, Carthago, aemûla<br />
popûli Romani, ab stirpe interiit, cuncta maria terraeque patebant,<br />
saevire fortuna ac miscere omnia coepit. Qui labores, pericûla, aspêras<br />
res facîle toleravêrant, iis otium divitiaeque (optanda alias), onêri<br />
miseriaeque fuere. Igîtur primo pecuniae, deinde imperii cupido<br />
crevit; ea quasi materies omnium malorum fuere, nam avaritia fidem,<br />
probitatem ceterasque artes bonas subvertit; pro his superbiam,<br />
crudelitatem, deos neglegêre, omnia venalia habere edocuit. …<br />
Postquam divitiae honori esse coeperunt et eas gloria, imperium,<br />
potentia sequebatur, hebescêre virtus, paupertas probro haberi,<br />
innocentia pro malevolentia duci coepit. Igîtur ex divitiis iuventutem<br />
luxuria atque avaritia cum superbia invaserunt; ... multis mihi videntur<br />
ludibrio fuisse divitiae: quippe, quas honeste habere licebat, abuti per<br />
turpitudînem properabant: … vescendi causa terra marique omnia<br />
exquirêre; dormire prius quam somni cupido esset, non famem aut<br />
sitim neque frigus neque lassitudînem opperiri, sed omnia luxu<br />
antecapêre; haec iuventutem, ubi familiares opes defecêrant, ad<br />
facinôra incendebant. …<br />
In tanta tamque corrupta civitate Catilina, quod factu facillîmum<br />
erat, omnium flagitiorum atque facinôrum circum se tamquam<br />
stipatorum catervas habebat. Nam quicumque impudicus, adulter,<br />
ganeo manu, ventre bonâ patriâ laceravêrat, quique alienum aes grande<br />
conflavêrat, praeterea omnes undîque parricidae, sacrilêgi, convicti<br />
iudiciis aut iudicium timentes, postremo omnes, quos flagitium,<br />
egestas, conscius anîmus exagitabat, ei Catilinae proxûmi familiaresque<br />
erant. Quodsi quis etiam a culpa vacuus in amicitiam eius<br />
incidêrat, cotidiano usu simîlis cetêris efficiebatur. Sed maxîme<br />
adulescentium familiaritates adpetebat: eorum anîmi molles et fluxi<br />
dolis haud difficulter capiebantur. Nam ut cuiusque studium ex aetate<br />
flagrabat, aliis scorta praebere, aliis canes et equos mercari, postremo<br />
neque sumptui neque modestiae suae parcêre, dummôdo illos obnoxios<br />
177
fidosque sibi facêret. … iuventutem, quam illexêrat, multis modis mala<br />
facinôra edocebat: ex illis testes signatoresque falsos commodare;<br />
fidem, fortunas, pericûla vilia habere, post, ubi eorum famam atque<br />
pudorem attrivêrat, maiora alia imperabat.<br />
Eis amicis sociisque confisus Catilina opprimundae rei publîcae<br />
consilium cepit.<br />
M.TULLIUS CICERO<br />
RES MILITARIS ET RES FORENSES<br />
Ad studiorum atque artium contentionem revertamur. Qui potest<br />
dubitari, quin ad consulatum adipiscendum multo plus adfêrat dignîtas<br />
rei militaris, quam iuris civilis gloria?<br />
Vigîlas tu de nocte, ut tuis consultorîbus respondeas, ille, ut eo<br />
quo intendit, mature cum exercîtu perveniat. Te gallorum, illum<br />
bucinarum cantus exsuscîtat. Tu actionem instituis, ille aciem instruit.<br />
Tu caves, ne tui consultores, ille, ne urbes aut castra capiantur. Ille tenet<br />
et scit, ut hostium copiae, tu, ut atquae pluviae arceantur. Ille<br />
exercitatus est in propagandis finîbus tuque in regendis.<br />
Ac nimîrum — dicendum est enim, quod sentio — rei militaris<br />
virtus praestat cetêris omnîbus. Haec nomen popûlo Romano, haec<br />
huic urbi aeternam gloriam pepêrit, haec orbem terrarum parere huic<br />
imperio coegit. Omnes urbanae res, omnia haec nostra praeclara studia<br />
et haec forensis laus et industria latent in tutela ac praesidio bellicae<br />
virtutis.<br />
Simulatque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilîco nostrae<br />
conticiscunt.<br />
ORATIO IN CATILINAM<br />
Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? Quam diu<br />
etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet? Quem ad finem sese effrenata iactabit<br />
audacia? Nihilne te nocturnum praesidium Palati, nihil urbis vigiliae,<br />
nihil timor popûli, nihil concursûs bonorum omnium, nihil hic<br />
munitissîmus habendi senatus locus, nihil horum ora vultusque<br />
moverunt? Patere tua consilia non sentis? Constrictam iam horum<br />
omnium scentia teneri coniurationem tuam non vides? Quid proxîma,<br />
quid superiore nocte egêris, ubi fuêris, quos convocavêris, quid consilii<br />
cepêris, quem nostrum ignorare arbitraris? O tempôra, o mores!<br />
Senatus haec intellêgit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit! Vivit? Immo<br />
vero etiam in senatum venit, fit publîci consilii partîceps, notat et<br />
designat ocûlis ad caedem unumquemque nostrum, nos autem, fortes<br />
viri, satisfacêre rei publîcae videmur, si istius furorem ac tela vitemus.<br />
178
Ad mortem te, Catilina, duci, iussu consûlis, iam pridem oportebat,<br />
in te conferri pestem, quam tu in nos omnes iam diu machinaris. An<br />
vero vir amplissîmus, P. Scipio, pontîfex maxîmus, Ti. Gracchum,<br />
mediocrîter labefactantem statum rei publîcae privatus interfecit:<br />
Catilinam orbem terrae caede atque incendiis vastare cupientem nos,<br />
consûles, perferemus? Nam illa nimis antiqua praetereo, quod C.<br />
Servilius Ahâla Sp. Maelium, novis rebus studentem, manu sua<br />
occidit. Fuit, fuit ista quondam in hac re publîca virtus, ut viri fortes<br />
acriorîbus suppliciis civem perniciosum quam acerbissîmum hostem<br />
coërcerent. Habemus senatus consultum in te, Catilina, vehêmens et<br />
grave. Non deest rei publîcae consilium neque auctorîtas huius<br />
ordînis; nos, dico aperte, consûles, desûmus.<br />
BIBLIA SACRA VULGATA<br />
Biblia Sacra Vulgatae Editionis, ñâÿùåííà êíèãà â çàãàëüíîäîñòóïíîìó<br />
âèäàíí³ ç XIII ñò. ä³ñòàëà íàçâó Âóëüãàòè. Ïåðåêëàä íà<br />
ëàòèíñüêó ìîâó ç äàâíüîºâðåéñêî¿ ³ ãðåöüêî¿ áóâ çðîáëåíèé ñâ. -<br />
óºðîí³ìîì ó 384-405 ðð. Ó öåé ïåðåêëàä ï³çí³øå âíîñèëèñÿ äåÿê³<br />
äîïîâíåííÿ ³ âèïðàâëåííÿ, ³ â 1546 ð. òåêñò áóâ âèçíàíèé àâòåíòè÷íèì<br />
³ çàòâåðäæåíèé Òðèäåíòñüêèì ñîáîðîì. Îñòàòî÷íèé<br />
âàð³àíò, âèçíàíèé êàòîëèöüêîþ öåðêâîþ ÿê îô³ö³éíèé òåêñò<br />
Á³á볿, áóâ âèäàíèé ó 1592 ð. çà ÷àñ³â ïàïè ѳêñòà V, à ïîò³ì ó<br />
1592 ð. çà ïàïè Êëèìåíòà VIII.<br />
EXODI CAPUT XX<br />
1. Locutusque est Domînus cunctos sermones hos:<br />
2. Ego sum Domînus Deus tuus, qui eduxi te de terra Aegypti,<br />
de domo servitutis.<br />
3. Non habebis deos alienos coram me.<br />
4. Non facies tibi sculptîle, neque omnem similitudînem quae est<br />
in coelo desûper, et in terra deorsum, nec eorum, quae sunt in aquis<br />
sub terra.<br />
5. Non adorabis ea, neque coles: ego sum Domînus Deus tuus<br />
fortis, zelotes, visîtans iniquitatem patrum in filios, in tertiam et<br />
quartam generationem eorum, qui oderunt me;<br />
6. Et faciens misericordiam in milia his, qui dilîgunt me, et<br />
custodiunt praecepta mea.<br />
7. Non assumes nomen Domini Dei tui in vanum: nec enim<br />
habebit insontem Dominus eum, qui assumpsêrit nomen Domîni Dei<br />
sui frustra.<br />
179
8. Memento, ut diem sabbâti sanctifîces.<br />
9. Sex diebus operabis, et facies opêra tua.<br />
10. Septîmo autem die sabbâtum Domîni Dei tui est: non facies<br />
omne opus in eo, tu, et filius tuus, et filia tua, servus tuus et ancilla<br />
tua, iumentum tuum et advêna, qui est intra portas tuas.<br />
11. Sex enim diebus fecit Domînus coelum et terram, et mare, et<br />
omnia, quae in eis sunt, et requievit in die septîmo, idcirco benedixit<br />
Domînus diei sabbâti, et sanctificavit eum.<br />
12. Honora patrem tuum et matrem tuam, ut sis longaevus super<br />
terram, quam Domînus Deus tuus dabit tibi.<br />
13. Non occides.<br />
14. Non moechabêris.<br />
15. Non furtum facies.<br />
16. Non loquêris contra proxîmum tuum falsum testimonium.<br />
17. Non concupisces domum proxîmi tui: nec desiderabis uxorem<br />
eius, non servum, non ancillam, non bovem, non asinum, nec omnia,<br />
quae illius sunt.<br />
PSALMUS I<br />
1. Beatus vir, qui non abiit in consilio impiorum, et in via<br />
peccatorum non stetit, et in cathedra pestilentiae non sedit;<br />
2. Sed in lege Domîni voluntas eius, et in lege Eius meditabîtur<br />
die ac nocte.<br />
3. Et erit tamquam lignum, quod plantatum est secus decursus<br />
aquarum, quod fructum suum dabit in tempôre suo; et folium eius non<br />
defluit; et omnia, quaecumque faciet, prosperabuntur.<br />
4. Non sic impii, non sic: sed tamquam pulvis, quem proiicit<br />
ventus a facie terrae.<br />
5. Ideo non resurgent impii in iudicio: neque peccatores in concilio<br />
iustorum.<br />
6. Quoniam novit Domînus viam iustorum: et iter impiorum<br />
peribit.<br />
180
ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÑÊÎÐÎ×ÅÍÜ<br />
Cic. — Cicero<br />
Gai. — Gaius;<br />
Gell. — Aulus Gellius;<br />
Inst. Iust. — Institutiones Iustiniani;<br />
Liv. – Livius;<br />
Macr. — Aurelius Ambrosius Macrobius Theodoseus;<br />
Ov. — Ovidius;<br />
Paul. — Iulius Paulus;<br />
Plin. — Plinius;<br />
Publ. Syr. — Publilius Syrus;<br />
Sen. — Lucius Annaeus Seneca;<br />
Ulp. — Domitius Ulpianus;<br />
Verg. — Vergilius;<br />
Vulg. — Vulgata (Biblia Sacra Vulgatae editionis).<br />
ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÂÈÊÎÐÈÑÒÀÍί ˲ÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÈ<br />
ϳäðó÷íèêè ëàòèíñüêî¿ ìîâè<br />
1. Áîðîâñêèé ß. Ì., Áîëäûðåâ À. Â. Ó÷åáíèê ëàòèíñêîãî ÿçûêà. — Ì.,<br />
1975.<br />
2. Âèííè÷óê Ë. Ëàòèíñêèé ÿçûê: ñàìîó÷èòåëü äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ ãóìàíèòàðíûõ<br />
ôàêóëüòåòîâ óíèâåðñèòåòîâ. — Ì., 1985.<br />
3. Æóëàé Ñ. Ò., Êóâàðîâà Å. Ê. Ëàòèíñêèé ÿçûê äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ-þðèñòîâ.<br />
— Ê., 2000.<br />
4. Êîçàðæåâñêèé À. ×. Ó÷åáíèê ëàòèíñêîãî ÿçûêà. — Ì., 1981.<br />
4. Ëàòèíñêèé ÿçûê / Ïîä ðåä. Â. Í. ßðõî, Â. È. Ëîáîäû. — Ì.,1998.<br />
5. Ëèòâèíîâ Â. Ä., Ñêîðèíà Ë. Ï. Ëàòèíñüêà <strong>ìîâà</strong>. — Ê., 1990.<br />
6. Ìàñëþê Â. Ï., Îëåíè÷ Ð. Ì. Ëàòèíñüêà <strong>ìîâà</strong>. — Ëüâ³â, 1975.<br />
7. Íèñåíáàóì Ì. Å. Ëàòèíñêèé ÿçûê. Via latina ad ius. — Ì., 2001.<br />
8. Ïîêðîâñêàÿ Ç. À., Êàöìàí Í. Ë. Ó÷åáíèê ëàòèíñêîãî ÿçûêà. — Ì., 1987.<br />
9. Ðîçåíòàëü È. Ñ., Ñîêîëîâ Â. Ñ. Ó÷åáíèê ëàòèíñêîãî ÿçûêà. — Ì.,<br />
1956.<br />
10. Ñêîðèíà Ë. Ï., ×óðàêîâà Ë. Ï. Ëàòèíñüêà <strong>ìîâà</strong> äëÿ ñòóäåíò³âþðèñò³â.<br />
— Ê., 1995.<br />
11. Ñîáîëåâñêèé Ñ. È. Ó÷åáíèê ëàòèíñêîãî ÿçûêà. — Ì., 1953.<br />
12. Ó÷åáíèê ëàòèíñêîãî ÿçûêà / Ïîä îáù. ðåä. Þ. Ô. Øóëüöà. — Ì.,<br />
1994.<br />
13. Þäàêèí À. Ëàòèíñêèé ÿçûê. — Ì., 1994.<br />
Äîäàòêîâà<br />
1. Áàðòîøåê Ì. Ðèìñêîå ïðàâî: ïîíÿòèÿ, òåðìèíû, îïðåäåëåíèÿ. — Ì.,<br />
1989.<br />
2. Âñåîáùàÿ èñòîðèÿ èñêóññòâ:  6 ò. / Ïîä îáù. ðåä. À. Ä. ×åãîäàåâà.<br />
— Ì., 1956. – Ò. 1.<br />
181
3. Äâîðåöêèé È. Õ. Ëàòèíñêî-ðóññêèé ñëîâàðü. — Ì., 1976.<br />
4. Äîæäåâ Ä. Â. Ðèìñêîå ÷àñòíîå ïðàâî. — Ì., 1999.<br />
5. Ëàòèíñêèå þðèäè÷åñêèå èçðå÷åíèÿ / Ñîñò. Á. Ñ. Íèêèôîðîâ. — Ì.,<br />
1979.<br />
6. Ëèòâèíîâ Â. Ä. Ëàòèíñüêî-óêðà¿íñüêèé ñëîâíèê. — Ê., 1998.<br />
7. Ëèòâèíîâ Â. Ä., Ñêîðèíà Ë. Ï. 500 êðèëàòèõ âèñëîâ³â. Òåêñòè. —<br />
Ê., 1993.<br />
7. Íîâèöêèé È. Á. Îñíîâû ðèìñêîãî ãðàæäàíñêîãî ïðàâà. — Ì., 1956.<br />
8. Ïåðåòåðñêèé È. Ñ. Äèãåñòû Þñòèíèàíà. — Ì., 1956.<br />
9. Ñîêîëîâ Ã. Èñêóññòâî Äðåâíåãî Ðèìà. — Ì., 1971.<br />
182
abl. — ablativus — àáëàòèâ<br />
acc. — accusativus — çíàõ³äíèé â³äì³íîê<br />
coniunct. — coniunctivus — óìîâíèé<br />
ñïîñ³á<br />
dat. — dativus — äàâàëüíèé â³äì³íîê<br />
f — femininum — æ³íî÷èé ð³ä<br />
fut. — futurum — ìàéáóòí³é ÷àñ<br />
gen. — genetivus — ðîäîâèé â³äì³íîê<br />
impers. — impersonale — áåçîñîáîâå<br />
䳺ñëîâî<br />
inf. — infinitivus — íåîçíà÷åíà ôîðìà<br />
m — masculinum — ÷îëîâ³÷èé ð³ä<br />
n — neutrum — ñåðåäí³é ð³ä<br />
nom. — nominativus — íàçèâíèé â³äì³íîê<br />
perf. — perfectum — ìèíóëèé ÷àñ äîêîíàíîãî<br />
âèäó<br />
pl. — pluralis — ìíîæèíà<br />
plusquamperf. — plusquamperfectum —<br />
äàâíîìèíóëèé ÷àñ<br />
A<br />
a [ab, abs] (ç abl.) – â³ä, ³ç, ç, ó; çà, ï³ñëÿ<br />
À. – ñêîðî÷åííÿ ñëîâà absolvo (âèïðàâäîâóþ)<br />
ïðè ïîäà÷³ ãîëîñ³â ñóää³â<br />
abduco, duxi, ductum, êre – â³äâîäèòè,<br />
â³äâîë³êàòè, âèêðàäàòè, ñïîêóøàòè<br />
abeo, ii (ivi), îtum, ire – ³òè, â³äõîäèòè,<br />
óõèëÿòèñÿ, â³äñòóïàòèñÿ, â³äìîâëÿòèñÿ<br />
abhorreo, ui, -, ere – ç â³äðàçîþ â³äâåðòàòèñÿ,<br />
öóðàòèñÿ; abhorrere ab<br />
alîquo – íå â³äïîâ³äàòè (÷îìóñü); íå<br />
óçãîäæóâàòèñÿ (ç ÷èìîñü)<br />
abicio (abiicio), ieci, iectum, êre – êèäàòè,<br />
âèêèäàòè, â³äêèäàòè<br />
ablatus, a, um – äèâ.: aufêro<br />
abnêgo, avi, atum, are – çàïåðå÷óâàòè,<br />
â³äìîâëÿòèñÿ, â³äìèêàòèñÿ<br />
aboleo, levi, litum, ere – çíèùóâàòè, ñêàñîâóâàòè<br />
abolesco, levi, -, êre – çàáóâàòè, â³ääàòè<br />
çàáóòòþ<br />
ËÀÒÈÍÑÜÊÎ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÑÜÊÈÉ<br />
ÑËÎÂÍÈÊ<br />
ÓÌÎÂͲ ÑÊÎÐÎ×ÅÍÍß<br />
praes. — praesens — òåïåð³øí³é ÷àñ<br />
sing. — singularis — îäíèíà<br />
àðõ. ôîðìà — àðõà¿÷íà ôîðìà<br />
áåçîñîá. — áåçîñîáîâå 䳺ñëîâî, âèðàç<br />
áóêâ. — áóêâàëüíî<br />
âèùèé ñòóï. — âèùèé ñòóï³íü<br />
çàéìåí. ïðèêì. — çàéìåííèêîâèé ïðèêìåòíèê<br />
çàïåðå÷. çàéìåí. — çàïåðå÷íèé çàéìåííèê<br />
ìí. — ìíîæèíà<br />
íåâ³äì. — íåâ³äì³íþâàíå ñëîâî<br />
ïåðåí. — ïåðåíîñíå çíà÷åííÿ<br />
ïîåò. — ïîåòè÷íå ñëîâî<br />
ïðèéìåí. — ïðèéìåííèê<br />
ïðèñë. — ïðèñë³âíèê<br />
ñïîë. — ñïîëó÷íèê<br />
abolitio, onis f – çíèùåííÿ, ñêàñóâàííÿ,<br />
çàáóòòÿ; àìí³ñò³ÿ<br />
abrôgo, avi, atum, are – çíèùóâàòè, ñêàñîâóâàòè<br />
abrumpo, rupi, ruptum, êre – ïåðåðèâàòè,<br />
îáðèâàòè<br />
abscido, cidi, cisum, êre – â³äðóáóâàòè,<br />
â³äòèíàòè<br />
abscondo, condi (condî di), condî tum,<br />
êre – õîâàòè, ïðèõîâóâàòè<br />
absens, absentis – â³äñóòí³é<br />
absentia, ae f – â³äñóòí³ñòü<br />
absit – äèâ.: absum<br />
absolutio, onis f – çâ³ëüíåííÿ, âèïðàâäàííÿ<br />
absolutus, a, um – äèâ.: absolvo<br />
absolvo, solvi, solutum, êre – çâ³ëüíÿòè,<br />
âèïðàâäîâóâàòè<br />
abstineo, tinui, tentum, ere – óòðèìóâàòè,<br />
çàáîðîíÿòè, óòðèìóâàòèñÿ;<br />
abstinire se – â³äìîâëÿòèñÿ<br />
abstûli – äèâ.: aufêro<br />
absum, abfui, -, abesse – áóòè â³äñóòí³ì<br />
183
absurde – áåçãëóçäî, àáñóðäíî<br />
absurdus, a, um – áåçãëóçäèé<br />
abundantia, ae f – äîñòàòîê<br />
abusus, us m – ñïîæèâàííÿ; çëîâæèâàííÿ<br />
abutere = abuteris (2 îñîáà sing. fut. I â³ä<br />
abutor)<br />
abutor, usus sum, uti – ðîçòðà÷óâàòè;<br />
âèòðà÷àòè; çàñòîñîâóâàòè; çëîâæèâàòè<br />
ac – ³<br />
accedo, cessi, cessum, êre – ï³äõîäèòè,<br />
ïðèºäíóâàòèñÿ, ðîñòè, óïîä³áíþâàòèñÿ,<br />
â³äïîâ³äàòè; óâ³éòè, íàáëèçèòèñÿ;<br />
éòè íà êîðèñòü<br />
accendo, cendi, censum, êre – çàïàëþâàòè,<br />
îñâ³òëþâàòè<br />
accepi – äèâ.: accipio<br />
acceptus, a, um – äèâ.: accipio<br />
acceptus, a, um – ïðèºìíèé, ëþá’ÿçíèé<br />
accessio, onis f – ïðèð³ñò, äîäàòîê, ïðèäàòîê,<br />
ïðèíàëåæí³ñòü<br />
accessus, us m – ï³äõ³ä, âõ³ä, ï³äñòóï<br />
accîdo, cîdi, -, êre – â³äáóâàòèñÿ, òðàïëÿòèñÿ;<br />
accîdit – â³äáóâàºòüñÿ<br />
accipio, cepi, ceptum, êre – ïðèéìàòè,<br />
îäåðæóâàòè, ââàæàòè, ðîçóì³òè<br />
accurro, curri, cursum, êre – ïîñï³øàòè,<br />
ãíàòèñÿ, á³ãòè<br />
accusatio, onis f – îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ; îáâèíóâàëüíà<br />
ïðî<strong>ìîâà</strong><br />
accusator, oris m – îáâèíóâà÷<br />
accuso, avi, atum, are – îáâèíóâà÷óâàòè<br />
aceo, cui, -, ere – áóòè êèñëèì, çàêèñàòè<br />
acer, acris, acre – ãîñòðèé, ð³çêèé, íåïðèáîðêàíèé;<br />
çàïåêëèé<br />
acerbîtas, atis f – ã³ðêîòà, æîðñòîê³ñòü,<br />
ñóâîð³ñòü<br />
acerbus, a, um – ð³çêèé, ïîõìóðèé,<br />
ã³ðêèé, ñóìíèé, çëèé<br />
acervus, i m – êóïà<br />
acetum, i n – îöåò<br />
acetus, a, um – êèñëèé, çàêèñëèé<br />
acies, ei f – ïîãëÿä; â³éñüêîâèé ëàä, ðÿäè<br />
acquiro = adquiro<br />
acta, orum n – 䳿, ä³ÿííÿ, íîòàòêè, ïðîòîêîëè<br />
actio, onis f – ä³ÿ, ïîçîâ<br />
actor, oris m – ïîçèâà÷<br />
actum, i n – ä³ÿ, ä³ÿííÿ (äèâ.: acta)<br />
184<br />
actus, a, um – äèâ.: ago<br />
actus, us m – õ³ä, ðóõ; ïðîã³í õóäîáè;<br />
ïðàâî ïðîãîíó õóäîáè; ñïîñ³á 䳿,<br />
ä³ÿëüí³ñòü<br />
ad (ç acc.) – äî, äëÿ<br />
addico, dixi, dictum, êre – ïðèñóäæóâàòè<br />
addo, dî di, dî tum, êre – äîäàâàòè, äîïîâíþâàòè<br />
ademptio, onis f – â³ä³áðàííÿ, ïîçáàâëåííÿ<br />
ademptus, a, um – äèâ.: adîmo<br />
I adeo – íàñò³ëüêè; òîìó; ïðèòîìó, êð³ì<br />
òîãî<br />
II adeo, ii (ivi), îtum, ire – ïðèõîäèòè,<br />
âõîäèòè, âñòóïàòè; hereditatem adire<br />
– ïðèéíÿòè ñïàäùèíó; in adeundo –<br />
ó ïðèñóòíîñò³<br />
adeptio, onis f – çíàõîäæåííÿ, äîñÿãíåííÿ<br />
adeptus, a, um – äèâ.: adipiscor<br />
adêro – äèâ.: adsum<br />
adessem – äèâ.: adsum<br />
adf- = affadficio<br />
– äèâ.: afficio<br />
adfinis, is m (f) – äèâ.: affinis<br />
adfligo (affligo), flixi, flictum, êre – óäàðÿòè,<br />
áèòè<br />
adfui (affui) – äèâ.: adsum<br />
adgnatio (agnatio), onis f – àãíàö³ÿ<br />
(íàðîäæåííÿ çàêîííîãî ñïàäêîºìöÿ<br />
ï³ñëÿ ñìåðò³ áàòüêà àáî ï³ñëÿ ñêëàäàííÿ<br />
çàïîâ³òó; ðîäèíí³ â³äíîñèíè<br />
â³ëüíèõ ãðîìàäÿí, ïîâ’ÿçàíèõ ñï³ëüíèìè<br />
óçàìè áàòüê³âñüêî¿ âëàäè)<br />
adgressor (aggressor), oris m – òîé, õòî<br />
çä³éñíþº íàïàä, ðîçá³éíèê<br />
adhibeo, bui, bîtum, ere – çàïðîøóâàòè,<br />
çàñòîñîâóâàòè, äîäàâàòè, äîïóñêàòè<br />
adhuc – äîòåïåð, ùå<br />
adicio – äèâ.: adiicio<br />
adiectio, onis f – ïðèºäíàííÿ, çá³ëüøåííÿ;<br />
çðîñòàííÿ<br />
adiectus, a, um – äèâ.: adiicio<br />
adiicio (adicio), ieci, iectum, êre –<br />
ïðèºäíóâàòè, äîäàâàòè, ïðèñòàâëÿòè;<br />
çãàäóâàòè<br />
adîmo, emi, emptum, êre – â³äí³ìàòè<br />
adipiscor, adeptus sum, adipisci – êóïóâàòè,<br />
çäîáóâàòè, îäåðæóâàòè, äîñÿãàòè
adîtus, a, um – äèâ.: adeo<br />
adîtus, us m – ïðèõ³ä, ï³äñòóï, ïðîõ³ä<br />
adiudicatio, onis f – ïðèñóäæåííÿ, ñóäîâå<br />
ð³øåííÿ ïðî ðîçïîä³ë ñï³ëüíîãî<br />
ìàéíà<br />
adiudîco, avi, atum, are – ïðèñóäæóâàòè<br />
adiungo, iunxi, iunctum, êre – ïðèºäíóâàòè;<br />
ïðèìèêàòè; âïðÿãàòè<br />
adiûvo, iuvi, iutum, are – äîïîìàãàòè,<br />
ï³äòðèìóâàòè, çàáåçïå÷óâàòè<br />
adl- = alladlatus,<br />
a, um – äèâ.: affêro<br />
administratio, onis f – ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ,<br />
êåðóâàííÿ<br />
administro, avi, atum, are – äîïîìàãàòè,<br />
âèêîíóâàòè, îáñëóãîâóâàòè, ïðàöþâàòè,<br />
ðîçïîðÿäæàòèñÿ, âëàøòîâóâàòè<br />
admirabîlis, e – äèâíèé, ðàçþ÷èé<br />
admiratio, onis f – çàìèëóâàííÿ, çäèâóâàííÿ<br />
admiror, atus sum, ari – äèâóâàòèñÿ<br />
admissum, i n – ïðîâèíà<br />
admitto, misi, missum, êre – äîïóñêàòè;<br />
ðîáèòè íåçàêîííå ä³ÿííÿ, éòè íà çëî-<br />
÷èí; admittêre in alîquem – âèÿâëÿòèñÿ<br />
ó÷àñíèêîì çëî÷èíó ïðîòè êîãî-íåáóäü<br />
admôdum – äóæå<br />
admoneo, ui, î tum, ere – íàãàäóâàòè,<br />
ïîïåðåäæàòè<br />
admoveo, movi, motum, ere – ïðèñóâàòè,<br />
íàáëèæàòè, çâåðòàòè, íàïðàâëÿòè<br />
adnoto (annoto), avi, atum, are – çàóâàæóâàòè,<br />
â³äçíà÷àòè, ðîáèòè â³äîìèì<br />
adnumêro, avi, atum, are – çàðàõîâóâàòè<br />
adoptio, onis f – óñèíîâëåííÿ<br />
adoptivus, a, um – óñèíîâëåíèé<br />
adopto, avi, atum, are – âèáèðàòè; óñèíîâëÿòè<br />
adoro, avi, atum, are – çâåðòàòèñÿ, áëàãàòè,<br />
âêëîíÿòèñÿ, ïîêëîíÿòèñÿ, øàíóâàòè<br />
adp- = appadplumbatus<br />
(applumbatus), a, um –<br />
ïîêðèòèé ñâèíöåì; ïðèïàÿíèé<br />
adprehendo = apprehendo<br />
adpulsus (appulsus), us m – ïðèã³í<br />
adquiro (acquiro), quisivi (quisii),<br />
quisitum, êre – êóïóâàòè; íàæèâàòè,<br />
çäîáóâàòè<br />
adquisitio, onis f – ïðèäáàííÿ<br />
adrôgo (arrôgo), avi, atum, are – çàïèòóâàòè;<br />
ïðèâëàñíþâàòè; óñèíîâëÿòè<br />
ads- = assadscribo<br />
(ascribo), scripsi, scriptum, êre –<br />
ïðèïèñóâàòè, ïèñüìîâî äîäàâàòè,<br />
âïèñóâàòè, óêàçóâàòè<br />
adsensus (assensus), us m – ñõâàëåííÿ,<br />
ñï³â÷óòòÿ<br />
adsentio (assentio), sensi, sensum, ire –<br />
ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ, ñõâàëþâàòè<br />
adsessor (assessor), oris m – ïîì³÷íèê,<br />
çàñ³äàòåëü<br />
adsevêro (assevêro), avi, atum, are –<br />
çàòâåðäæóâàòè, çàïåâíÿòè, íàâîäèòèñÿ<br />
ÿê ñâ³ä÷åííÿ<br />
adsiduus (assiduus), a, um – ïîñò³éíèé,<br />
íàïîëåãëèâèé, ùî íå ïðèïèíÿºòüñÿ;<br />
îñ³ëèé<br />
adsigno (assigno), avi, atum, are – ïðèïèñóâàòè,<br />
ñòàâèòè ïå÷àòêó<br />
adsimûlo (assimûlo), avi, atum, are –<br />
çîáðàæóâàòè, ðîáèòè âèãëÿä<br />
adsit (assit) – äèâ.: adsum<br />
adsoleo, -, -, ere – çâè÷àéíî áóâàòè<br />
adstringo (astringo), strinxi, strictum,<br />
êre – ñòÿãàòè, çâ’ÿçóâàòè, çîáîâ’ÿçóâàòè;<br />
ïðèìóøóâàòè<br />
adsum (assum), adfui (affui), -, adesse –<br />
áóòè ïðèñóòí³ì, ïðèõîäèòè, íàñòàâàòè<br />
adsumo (assumo), sumpsi, sumptum, êre –<br />
áðàòè, çàëó÷àòè, âèáèðàòè<br />
adt- = attadtâmen<br />
(attâmen) – îäíàê, óñå-òàêè<br />
adtempto (attempto, attento), avi, atum,<br />
are – âèïðîáóâàòè, ñõèëÿòè, óìîâëÿòè,<br />
çàç³õàòè, çàì³ðÿòèñÿ<br />
adulescens, centis m – ìîëîäà ëþäèíà,<br />
þíàê<br />
adulescentûlus, i m – çîâñ³ì ìîëîäà ëþäèíà,<br />
õëîï÷èê<br />
adulter, êri m – ïåðåëþáíèê<br />
adulterinus, a, um – ðîçïóñíèé; ôàëüøèâèé<br />
adulterium, ii n – ïîäðóæíÿ íåâ³ðí³ñòü,<br />
ïåðåëþáñòâî<br />
advêna, ae m (f) – ïðèáóëåöü, ïîäîðîæàíèí,<br />
ñòîðîíí³é<br />
advenio, veni, ventum, ire – ïðèõîäèòè,<br />
ïðèáóâàòè, ïðè¿æäæàòè<br />
adventicius, a, um – ïðèâõ³äíèé<br />
185
adversa, orum n – íåùàñòÿ, íåâäà÷³<br />
adversarius, a, um – ïðîòèëåæíèé, âîðîæèé<br />
adversarius, ii m – ñóïðîòèâíèê<br />
adversor, atus sum, ari – ïðîòèâèòèñÿ,<br />
çàïåðå÷óâàòè<br />
adversus (ç acc.) – ïî â³äíîøåííþ, ñòîñîâíî;<br />
ïðîòè<br />
adversus, a, um – òîé, ùî çíàõîäèòüñÿ<br />
ïåðåä, çóñòð³÷íèé, çâîðîòíèé; res<br />
adversae – íåãîäè, ëèõà; ex adverso –<br />
íàâïàêè<br />
adverto, verti, versum, êre – ïîâåðòàòèñÿ,<br />
íàïðàâëÿòè, çâåðòàòè óâàãó<br />
advocatio, onis f – çàïðîøåííÿ, ñóäîâèé<br />
çàõèñò (çàïðîøåíîþ îñîáîþ)<br />
advocatus, i m – àäâîêàò<br />
advoco, avi, atum, are – çàïðîøóâàòè,<br />
çàêëèêàòè<br />
aedes, is f – ê³ìíàòà, õðàì; pl. áóä³âëÿ,<br />
ïîêî¿<br />
aedificium, ii n – áóä³âëÿ, áóäîâà, áóäèíîê<br />
aedifîco, avi, atum, are – áóäóâàòè, ñïîðóäæóâàòè,<br />
çâîäèòè<br />
aedilis, is m – åäèë<br />
aedon, ônis f – ñîëîâåé<br />
aeger, gra, grum – õâîðèé, íåçäîðîâèé<br />
aegor, oris f – õîëîä , ìîðîç<br />
aegroto, -, -, are – áóòè õâîðèì<br />
aemûlus, i m – ñóïåðíèê<br />
Aeneas, i m – Åíåé (ðèìñüêà ì³ôîëîã³ÿ) –<br />
ñèí Âåíåðè, òðîÿíñüêèé ãåðîé, ðîäîíà÷àëüíèê<br />
ðèìñüêîãî íàðîäó<br />
aeneus, a, um – ì³äíèé<br />
aequalis, e – ð³âíèé<br />
aequalîtas, atis f – ð³âí³ñòü, äîì³ðí³ñòü,<br />
ïðîïîðö³éí³ñòü, ñòàë³ñòü<br />
aequalîter – äîð³âíþº, ð³âíîþ ì³ðîþ<br />
aeque – òàê ñàìî, òàêîæ, äîð³âíþº, îäíàêîâî<br />
aequî tas, atis f – ð³âí³ñòü, ñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü,<br />
äîáðîçè÷ëèâ³ñòü, ãóìàíí³ñòü<br />
aequum, i n – ïðàâäà, ñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü<br />
aequus, a, um – ð³âíèé, ñïðàâåäëèâèé<br />
aer, aeris m – ïîâ³òðÿ<br />
aera, ae f – åðà<br />
aeramentum, i n – ì³äíà ñòðóæêà; ì³äíà<br />
ïîñóäèíà<br />
aerarium, ii n – äåðæàâíà ñêàðáíèöÿ<br />
aereus, a, um – ì³äíèé<br />
aes, aeris n – ì³äü; aes alienum – áîðãè<br />
186<br />
aestas, atis f – ë³òî, æàðà, ñïåêà<br />
aestimatio, onis f – îö³íêà, âèçíà÷åííÿ<br />
ö³íè; ãðîøîâèé åêâ³âàëåíò<br />
aestîmo, avi, atum, are – ö³íóâàòè, îö³íþâàòè,<br />
âèçíà÷àòè âàðò³ñòü; ââàæàòè<br />
aestuosus, a, um – æàðêèé, ñïåêîòíèé<br />
aetas, atis f – ñòîë³òòÿ, ÷àñ æèòòÿ,<br />
òåðì³í, ïîðà, â³ê<br />
aeternîtas, atis f – â³÷í³ñòü<br />
aeternus, a, um – â³÷íèé, ïîñò³éíèé; in<br />
aeternum – íàâ³êè, íàçàâæäè<br />
aff- = adfaffectio,<br />
onis f – íàì³ð<br />
affecto, avi, atum, are – õîò³òè, æàãó÷å<br />
ïðàãíóòè<br />
affectus (adfectus), us m – ñòàí, ïåðåæèâàííÿ;<br />
íàì³ð, áàæàííÿ; ïðèõèëüí³ñòü,<br />
äîáðå ðîçòàøóâàííÿ, ëþáîâ, äðóæáà<br />
affêro, attûli, allatum, afferre – ïðèêëàäàòè,<br />
íàêëàäàòè; ï³äõîäèòè, ïðèíîñèòè<br />
êîðèñòü, äàâàòè, ëè÷èòè<br />
afficio (adficio), feci, fectum, êre – çàïîä³þâàòè,<br />
ï³ääàâàòè, íàä³ëÿòè<br />
affigo (adfigo), fixi, fixum, êre – ïðèáèâàòè,<br />
ïðèìèêàòè, ïðèêð³ïëþâàòè<br />
affinis, e – ñóì³æíèé, áëèçüêèé<br />
affinis, is m (f) – ðîäè÷ (ùî ïîð³äíèâñÿ<br />
âíàñë³äîê øëþáó)<br />
affligo – äèâ.: adfligo<br />
affui, affuturus, a, um – äèâ.: adsum<br />
affirmo (adfirmo), avi, atum, are – çàòâåðäæóâàòè<br />
ager, agri m – ïîëå, çåìëÿ<br />
agitatio, onis f – ðóõ; ñïîíóêàííÿ; áåçóñòàííà<br />
ä³ÿëüí³ñòü<br />
agîto, avi, atum, are – ðóõàòè, çáóäæóâàòè<br />
agnatio – äèâ.: adgnatio<br />
agnatus, i m – àãíàò<br />
agnosco (adgnoscêre), novi, nîtum, êre –<br />
âèçíàâàòè, äîïóñêàòè, ï³çíàâàòè,<br />
â³ä÷óâàòè; ïîíåñòè<br />
ago, egi, actum, agêre – ãíàòè; ðîáèòè,<br />
ä³ÿòè; âåñòè, ïðåä’ÿâëÿòè ïîçîâ, ïîçèâàòè,<br />
âåñòè òÿæáó; ñïîíóêàòè ñóïåðå÷êó,<br />
ñòàâàòè ïîçèâà÷åì; æèòè,<br />
ïðîâîäèòè æèòòÿ; óêëàäàòè óãîäó<br />
agrestis, e – ñ³ëüñüêèé, íåîñâ³÷åíèé, íåîòåñàíèé,<br />
íåêóëüòóðíèé<br />
aio, ait, -, - – çàòâåðäæóâàòè, ãîâîðèòè<br />
album, i n – á³ëà äîøêà äëÿ îô³ö³éíèõ<br />
îãîëîøåíü (çîêðåìà, äëÿ ïðåòîðñüêèõ<br />
ðîçïîðÿäæåíü)
albus, a, um – á³ëèé<br />
alea, ae f – ãðàëüíà ê³ñòêà; æåðåá<br />
aleator, oris m – ãðàâåöü<br />
alias – ³íàêøå, ïî-³íøîìó<br />
alîbi – â ³íøîìó ì³ñö³<br />
alicûbi – äå-íåáóäü, äåñü, áóäü-äå, äå³íäå<br />
alienatio, onis f – â³ä÷óæåííÿ, ïåðåäà÷à,<br />
ïðîäàæ<br />
alieno, avi, atum, are – â³ä÷óæóâàòè,<br />
ïåðåäàâàòè, ïðîäàâàòè<br />
alienus, a, um – ÷óæèé, ³íøèé<br />
alimonia, ae f (alimonium, ii n) – ¿æà,<br />
õàð÷óâàííÿ, ãîä³âëÿ<br />
alio-quin – óò³ì, êð³ì òîãî, ³íàêøå, â<br />
³íøîìó ðàç³<br />
aliquamdiu – ïðîòÿãîì äåÿêîãî ÷àñó,<br />
ñê³ëüêè-òî, äóæå äîâãî<br />
aliquando – êîëèñü, í³êîëè, ³íîä³<br />
aliquantum – ñê³ëüêè-òî, ïåâíà ê³ëüê³ñòü<br />
alî qui, alî qua(e), alî quod – ÿêèéñü,<br />
ÿêàñü, ÿêåñü<br />
alîquis, alîqua, alîquid – õòîñü, ùîñü<br />
alîter – ³íàêøå, ïî-³íøîìó<br />
alius, a, um – ³íøèé; alius … alius –<br />
îäèí … äðóãèé<br />
allego, avi, atum, are – ïîñèëàòè; ïîñèëàòèñÿ<br />
íà, íàâîäèòè íà äîêàç<br />
allîgo, avi, atum, are – çâ’ÿçóâàòè, ç’ºäíóâàòè,<br />
ñêð³ïëþâàòè<br />
alo, alui, alîtum (altum), êre – ãîäóâàòè,<br />
õàð÷óâàòè, ï³äòðèìóâàòè<br />
alter, altêra, altêrum – äðóãèé (îäèí ³ç<br />
äâîõ); alter … alter – îäèí … äðóãèé<br />
altêrum – ³íàêøå<br />
alterûter, utra, utrum (çàéìåí. ïðèêì.) –<br />
³ òîé, ³ äðóãèé<br />
altitudo, înis f – ãëèáèíà<br />
altus, a, um – âèñîêèé; ãëèáîêèé<br />
alumnus, i m – âèõîâàíåöü, ó÷åíü, ïîñë³äîâíèê<br />
amabîlis, e – ìèëèé, ïðèºìíèé, ïðèâàáëèâèé,<br />
ëþáèé<br />
amarus, a, um – ã³ðêèé<br />
ambî go, -, -, êre – âàãàòèñÿ, ï³ääàâàòè(ñÿ)<br />
ñóìí³âó; ambigîtur – âèêëèêàº<br />
ñóìí³â<br />
ambiguîtas, atis f – äâîçíà÷í³ñòü, íåâèçíà÷åí³ñòü,<br />
áàãàòîçíà÷í³ñòü<br />
ambîguus, a, um – ùî äîïóñêຠäâîÿêå<br />
òëóìà÷åííÿ, äâîçíà÷íèé<br />
ambio, ivi (ii), îtum, ire – îáõîäèòè; äîìàãàòèñÿ<br />
ambî tus, us m – õîä³ííÿ íàâêîëî,<br />
êðóò³ííÿ; ï³äêóï (³ âçàãàë³ çëîâæèâàííÿ)<br />
ó õîä³ ïåðåäâèáîðíî¿ êàìïàí³¿<br />
ambo, ae, o – îáîº, òîé ³ äðóãèé<br />
ambûlo, avi, atum, are – ãóëÿòè, ïðîãóëþâàòèñÿ<br />
amens, amentis – áîæåâ³ëüíèé, øàëåíèé<br />
amica, ae f – ïîäðóãà<br />
amicitia, ae f (amicitiae, arum f) – äðóæáà,<br />
äðóæí³ â³äíîñèíè<br />
amicus, i m – äðóã<br />
amissus, a, um – äèâ.: amitto<br />
amîta, ae f – ò³òêà, ñåñòðà áàòüêà<br />
amitto, misi, misum, êre – âèïóñêàòè,<br />
âòðà÷àòè<br />
amo, avi, atum, are – ëþáèòè<br />
amor, oris m – ëþáîâ<br />
amoveo, movi, motum, ere – â³äñóâàòè,<br />
â³äíîñèòè; õîâàòè<br />
amphôra, ae f – àìôîðà (âåëèêà ïîñóäèíà<br />
ç äâîìà ðó÷êàìè)<br />
ample – ðÿñíî, ùåäðî<br />
amplitudo, înis f – âåëèêèé îáñÿã, ïðîñòîð³ñòü,<br />
âåëè÷èíà<br />
amplius (âèùèé ñòóï. â³ä ample) –<br />
á³ëüøå, ñèëüí³øå; íàäàë³<br />
amplus, a, um – øèðîêèé, âåëèêèé, âàæëèâèé<br />
an – ÷è, íåâæå, õ³áà<br />
ancilla, ae f – ñëóæíèöÿ, ðàáèíÿ<br />
ancillaris, e – ùî âèð³çíÿº ðàáèíþ, âëàñòèâèé<br />
ðàáèí³<br />
anfractus, us m – âèãèí, ïîâîðîò<br />
angêlus, i m – ÿíãîë, ãîíåöü, â³ñíèê<br />
angiportum, i n – çàâóëîê, ïðîâóëîê<br />
angustus, a, um – âóçüêèé, ò³ñíèé<br />
anîma, ae f – äóøà<br />
animadverto, verti, versum, êre – çàóâàæóâàòè,<br />
çâåðòàòè óâàãó, ñïîñòåð³ãàòè,<br />
ñòåæèòè; íàêëàäàòè ñòÿãíåííÿ, êàðàòè<br />
anîmal, alis n – æèâà ³ñòîòà, òâàðèíà<br />
anî mus, i m – äóõ, äóøà; íàì³ð; ñâ³äîì³ñòü<br />
anne – ÷è<br />
annona, ae f – âðîæàé ðîêó; ïðîâ³àíò,<br />
ïîñòà÷àííÿ<br />
annuntio, avi, atum, are – àíîíñóâàòè<br />
annus, i m – ð³ê<br />
annuum, i n – ð³÷íà ïëàòíÿ<br />
ansa, ae f – ðó÷êà<br />
187
ante (ç acc.) – ïåðåä, äî; ðàí³ø<br />
antea – êîëèñü, ðàí³ø<br />
antecedo, cessi, cessum, êre (ç acc.) –<br />
ïåðåäóâàòè<br />
antepono, posui, posîtum, êre – â³ääàâàòè<br />
ïåðåâàãó, âèñóâàòè íà ïåðøèé<br />
ïëàí<br />
antequam – ïåðø í³æ<br />
antiquîtas, atis f – ñòàðîäàâí³ñòü, äàâíèíà<br />
antiquus, a, um – ñòàðîäàâí³é, äàâí³é<br />
anûlus, i m – ïåðñòåíü, ê³ëüöå<br />
anxius, a, um – ùî òðèâîæèòüñÿ, ùî<br />
áî¿òüñÿ<br />
aperio, perui, pertum, ire – â³äêðèâàòè,<br />
ðîçêðèâàòè, ðîáèòè äîñòóïíèì<br />
aperte – â³äêðèòî, ÿâíî, î÷åâèäíî<br />
apiscor, aptus sum, apisci – îäåðæóâàòè,<br />
çàõîïëþâàòè, çàñâîþâàòè<br />
app- = adpapparatus,<br />
us m – ãîòóâàííÿ, ï³äãîòîâêà,<br />
ïîïåðåäí³ çàõîäè<br />
appareo, parui, (parî tum), ere – áóòè,<br />
ïîêàçóâàòèñÿ, âèÿâëÿòèñÿ, áóòè ÿñíèì<br />
appellasset = appellavisset (3 îñîáà sing.<br />
plusquamperf. coniunc. â³ä appello)<br />
appellatio, onis f – íàçâà; çâåðòàííÿ, àïåëÿö³ÿ<br />
appellator, oris m – ùî áëàãຠïðî äîïîìîãó,<br />
ïîäàâåöü àïåëÿö³éíî¿ ñêàðãè<br />
appello, avi, atum, are – íàçèâàòè; çâåðòàòèñÿ<br />
ç³ ñêàðãîþ, àïåëþâàòè; ïîâ³äîìëÿòè,<br />
ïðèòÿãàòè äî â³äïîâ³äàëüíîñò³;<br />
çàçèâàòè, ïðèñòàâàòè, ñïîêóøàòè<br />
appetenter (adpetentur) – æàä³áíî, êîðèñëèâî,<br />
êîðèñòîëþáíî<br />
appêto, petivi (petii), petitum, êre – õàïàòè,<br />
çàõîïëþâàòè<br />
applîco, avi (ui), atum (îtum), are – ïðèñóâàòè,<br />
ñïðÿìîâóâàòè, íàáëèæàòè,<br />
ïðèëó÷àòè; se applicare – ïðèëó÷àòèñÿ<br />
applicatio, onis f – çàñòîñóâàííÿ<br />
aprehendo (adprehendo), prehendi,<br />
prehensum, êre – âèñòà÷àòè, ñõîïëþâàòè,<br />
ï³éìàòè<br />
apto, avi, atum, are – ïðèëàäæóâàòè,<br />
ïðèñòîñîâóâàòè<br />
apud (ç acc.) – ó, ïðè, á³ëÿ, êîëî<br />
aqua, ae f – âîäà<br />
188<br />
aquaductus, us m – âîäîïðîâ³ä, ïðàâî<br />
ïðîâåäåííÿ âîäè<br />
aquîla, ae m, f – îðåë<br />
aquiminale, is n – òàç äëÿ êóïàííÿ<br />
arbî ter, tri m – ñóääÿ (çîêðåìà, òðåòåéñüêèé<br />
ñóääÿ), çíàâåöü, ö³íèòåëü<br />
arbitratus, us m – äîãëÿä, íàãëÿä, ðîçñóä;<br />
òî÷êà çîðó<br />
arbitrium, ii n – ð³øåííÿ, âîëÿ, ñóä; in<br />
arbitrio – ó õîä³ ñóäî÷èíñòâà; sui<br />
arbitrii esse – áóòè ó ñâî¿é âîë³<br />
arbîtror, arbitratus sum, ari – äóìàòè,<br />
ãàäàòè<br />
arbor, ôris f – äåðåâî<br />
arbuscûla, ae f – êóù, äåðåâöå<br />
arca, ae f – ñêðèíÿ, ñêðèíüêà, ñêàðáíèöÿ,<br />
êàñà<br />
arceo, cui, -, êre – ñòðèìóâàòè, â³äõèëÿòè,<br />
â³äâîäèòè<br />
arcesso (accerso), ivi, itum, êre – êëèêàòè,<br />
çàïðîøóâàòè, çàëó÷àòè, îáâèíóâà-<br />
÷óâàòè<br />
arduus, a, um – êðóòèé, âèñîêèé; âàæêèé,<br />
ñêðóòíèé<br />
area, ae f – ð³âíèíà, ïëîùà, óã³ääÿ,<br />
ä³ëÿíêà, ìàéäàí÷èê<br />
arena, ae f – ï³ñîê, àðåíà<br />
argentaria, ae f – ì³íÿëüíà êðàìíèöÿ;<br />
áàíê³âñüêà ñïðàâà<br />
argentarius, ii – áàíê³ð, ì³íÿéëî<br />
argenteus, a, um – ñð³áíèé<br />
argentum, i n – ñð³áëî; argentum<br />
infectum – íåîáðîáëåíå ñð³áëî<br />
argumentum, i n – äîêàç<br />
arguo, ui, utum, êre – äîâîäèòè, âèçíàâàòè,<br />
îáâèíóâà÷óâàòè, âèêðèâàòè<br />
aries, êtis m – áàðàí<br />
arma, orum n – çáðîÿ; â³éíà<br />
armarium, ii n – øàôà<br />
armatus, a, um – çáðîéíèé<br />
aro, avi, atum, are – îðàòè<br />
arra (arrha), ae f – çàäàòîê<br />
ars, artis f – ìèñòåöòâî, íàóêà, ðåìåñëî;<br />
çäàòí³ñòü<br />
articûlus, i m – ÷àñòèíà, âèïàäîê; ñòàòòÿ<br />
artî fex, fî cis m – ìàéñòåð, õóäîæíèê,<br />
òâîðåöü<br />
artificium, ii n – ìèñòåöòâî, ðåìåñëî,<br />
íàóêà<br />
arx, arcis f – çàìîê, ì³öí³ñòü, òâåðäèíÿ<br />
as, assis m – àñ (ðèìñüêà ãðîøîâà îäèíèöÿ<br />
³ ìîíåòà)
asc- = adscasînus,<br />
i m – â³ñëþê<br />
aspernabî lis, e – âàðòèé ïðåçèðñòâà,<br />
íåçíà÷íèé, çíåõòóâàíèé<br />
aspernor, atus sum, ari – â³äõèëÿòè,<br />
â³äêèäàòè, çíåâàæàòè<br />
aspicio, spexi, spectum, êre – äèâèòèñÿ,<br />
çíîâó ïîáà÷èòè<br />
ass- = adsassector<br />
(adsector), atus sum, ari – âèïëèâàòè,<br />
ïåðåñë³äóâàòè<br />
assentio, sensi, sensum, ire – ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ,<br />
ïðèñòàòè íà äóìêó<br />
assessor – äèâ.: adsessor<br />
assimîlis (adsimîlis), e – ïîä³áíèé, ñõîæèé,<br />
ùî óïîä³áíèâñÿ<br />
assimûlo, avi, atum, are – óïîä³áíþâàòè,<br />
ðîáèòè ñõîæèì<br />
ast- = adstasto<br />
(adsto), stî ti, (astî tum, astatum),<br />
are – ñòîÿòè á³ëÿ<br />
astrum, i n – ñâ³òèëî, ç³ðêà<br />
at – àëå, ç äðóãîãî áîêó; ùî æ ñòîñóºòüñÿ;<br />
íàâïàêè<br />
ater, atra, atrum – òåìíèé, ïîõìóðèé<br />
athleta, ae m – àòëåò<br />
atque – ³, à òàêîæ<br />
atqui – àëå, àäæå, òîä³, ó òàêîìó âèïàäêó,<br />
îñê³ëüêè<br />
atrocî tas, atis f – æîðñòîê³ñòü, áåçæàë³ñí³ñòü<br />
atrocîter – æîðñòîêî, áåçæàë³ñíî<br />
atrox, atrocis – æîðñòîêèé, ñóâîðèé,<br />
æàõëèâèé<br />
att- = adtattineo,<br />
tenui, tentum, ere – ì³öíî òðèìàòè,<br />
óòðèìóâàòè; ïðèçíà÷àòèñÿ,<br />
íàëåæàòè<br />
attingo, tîgi, tactum, êre – äîòîðêàòèñÿ;<br />
äîõîäèòè, äîñÿãàòè<br />
auctio, onis f – ïðîäàæ ç ïóáë³÷íèõ<br />
òîðã³â<br />
auctor, oris m – ä³þ÷à îñîáà; ïðåäñòàâíèê;<br />
àâòîð, ïèñüìåííèê; â³ä÷óæóâà÷,<br />
ãàðàíò; òîé, õòî íàäຠòîìó, ùî â³äáóâàºòüñÿ,<br />
çàêîííî¿ ñèëè<br />
auctorîtas, tatis f – ñèëà, ñóäæåííÿ, àâòîðèòåòíà<br />
äóìêà, âïëèâ, ïîðàäà;<br />
ó÷àñòü; auctorîtas alicuius rei – ïðàâî<br />
âëàñíîñò³ íà ùî-íåáóäü<br />
auctus, a, um – äèâ.: augeo<br />
aucûpor, atus sum, ari – ëîâèòè ïòàõ³â,<br />
çàéìàòèñÿ ëîâîì ïòàõ³â<br />
audacter – ñì³ëèâî, çóõâàëî<br />
audax, acis – ñì³ëèâèé, çóõâàëèé<br />
audeo, ausus sum, audere – çâàæóâàòèñÿ,<br />
äåðçàòè, íàâàæóâàòèñÿ, áàæàòè<br />
audio, ivi, itum, ire – ÷óòè, ñëóõàòè, âèñëóõóâàòè<br />
auditorium, ii n – çàë ñóäîâèõ çàñ³äàíü,<br />
ñóä<br />
aufêro, abstûli, ablatum, auferre – íåñòè,<br />
â³äí³ìàòè, âèêðàäàòè, ïîçáàâëÿòè<br />
augeo, auxi, auctum, ere – çá³ëüøóâàòè;<br />
ìíîæèòè, ðîçøèðþâàòè, çðîñòàòè<br />
aureus, a, um – çîëîòèé<br />
aureus, i m – çîëîòèé (çîëîòèé äåíàð³é,<br />
ìîíåòà âàðò³ñòþ ó 100 ñåñòåðö³¿â)<br />
auricularis, e – âóøíèé<br />
auricularius, a, um = auricularis, e<br />
auricularius, i m – äîâ³ðåíà îñîáà<br />
aurîfex, fîcis m – þâåë³ð, çîëîòèõ ñïðàâ<br />
ìàéñòåð<br />
auris, is f – âóõî<br />
aurum, i n – çîëîòî<br />
auspicium, ii n – àóñï³ö³é, ñïîñòåðåæåííÿ<br />
çà ïîëüîòîì ïðîðî÷èõ ïòàõ³â; çíàìåííÿ<br />
aut – ÷è, àáî; ³<br />
autem – æå, îäíàê<br />
autumnus, i m – îñ³íü<br />
auxilium, ii n – äîïîìîãà, ï³äòðèìêà<br />
aveo, -, -, ere – áóòè çäîðîâèì; ave –<br />
çäðàñòóé àáî ïðîùàé<br />
averto (avorto), verti (vorti), versum<br />
(vorsum), êre – â³äâåðòàòè, â³äâîäèòè,<br />
â³äêëàäàòè, íåñòè, â³äâîçèòè; ðîçòðà-<br />
÷óâàòè, âèêðàäàòè, ïðèõîâóâàòè<br />
avis, is f – ïòàõ<br />
avitus, a, um – ä³ä³â, ä³ä³âñüêèé<br />
avôco, avi, atum, are – â³äçèâàòè, â³äâîë³êàòè,<br />
ïðèçèâàòè<br />
avorto = averto<br />
avuncûlus, i m – äÿäüêî (áðàò ìàòåð³)<br />
avus, i m – ä³ä<br />
B<br />
balineum (balneum), i n – ëàçíÿ, âàííà<br />
balnearis, e – ëàçíåâèé<br />
barba, ae f – áîðîäà<br />
barbârus, a, um – ÷óæîçåìíèé, âàðâàðñüêèé<br />
barbatus, i m – áîðîäàíü; ðèìëÿíèí ñòàðîãî<br />
÷àñó<br />
189
asilîca, ae f – áàçèë³êà: 1) òîðãîâåëüí³<br />
«ðÿäè», ðîçê³øíà áóä³âëÿ ç äâîìà ðÿäàìè<br />
êîëîí íà Ðèìñüêîìó ôîðóì³ ç<br />
çàëàìè äëÿ ñóäîâèõ çàñ³äàíü òà òîðãîâåëüíèõ<br />
îïåðàö³é; 2) õðèñòèÿíñüêèé<br />
õðàì<br />
beatus, a, um – ùàñëèâèé, áëàæåííèé,<br />
ïðåêðàñíèé<br />
belle – ïðåêðàñíî<br />
bellîcus, a, um – âîºííèé, â³éñüêîâèé<br />
belissîme – ïðåêðàñíî, ùîíàéêðàùå<br />
bellum, i n – â³éíà; bellum finitîmum –<br />
â³éíà ³ç ñóñ³äàìè<br />
bellus, a, um – ìèëèé, ïðèºìíèé; ïðåêðàñíèé;<br />
âåñåëèé; äðóæåëþáíèé<br />
bene – äîáðå<br />
benedico, dixi, dictum, êre – áëàãîñëîâëÿòè<br />
benedictio, onis f – áëàãîñëîâåííÿ<br />
beneficentia, ae f – äîáðî÷åñí³ñòü, äîáðî÷èíí³ñòü,<br />
áëàãîä³ÿííÿ<br />
beneficium, ii n – áëàãîä³ÿííÿ, ïåðåâàãà,<br />
ï³ëüãà, ïîñëóãà<br />
benevolentia, ae f – ïðèõèëüí³ñòü, äîáðîçè÷ëèâ³ñòü<br />
benignîtas, atis f – ïðèõèëüí³ñòü, äîáðîòà,<br />
ïðèâ³òí³ñòü, ùåäð³ñòü<br />
benignus, a, um – ñïðèÿòëèâèé, ì’ÿêèé,<br />
ïîáëàæëèâèé<br />
bestia, ae f – çâ³ð<br />
bibliotheca, ae f – êíèãîñõîâèùå,<br />
á³áë³îòåêà<br />
bibo, bibi, -, êre – ïèòè<br />
biennium, ii n – äâà ðîêè, äâîð³÷íèé<br />
òåðì³í<br />
bini, ae, a – ïî äâà<br />
bis – äâ³÷³<br />
blandus, a, um – ÷àð³âíèé, óëåñëèâèé<br />
bombycîna, orum n – øîâêîâà îäåæà<br />
bona, orum f – ìàéíî<br />
bonîtas, atis f – äîáðîòí³ñòü, ÿê³ñòü; äîáðîòà<br />
bonum, i n – áëàãî, äîáðî<br />
I bonus, a, um – ãàðíèé, äîáðèé, ïîðÿäíèé<br />
II bonus, i m – ïîðÿäíà ëþäèíà<br />
bos, bovis m (f) – áèê, êîðîâà<br />
bracchium, ii n – ðóêà<br />
brevis, e – êîðîòêèé, ñòèñëèé, êîðîòêî-<br />
÷àñíèé; ìàëåíüêèé, íåçíà÷íèé; brevi –<br />
øâèäêî<br />
brevîtas, atis f – ñòèñë³ñòü<br />
190<br />
bucina, ae f – êðó÷åíà òðóáà, ñèãíàëüíèé<br />
ð³ã, ñèãíàëüíà òðóáà ïîëêîâîäöÿ<br />
C<br />
C. – ñêîðî÷åííÿ ñëîâà condemno (çàñóäæóþ)<br />
ïðè ïîäà÷³ ãîëîñ³â ñóääÿìè;<br />
C – centum – ñòî<br />
caballus, i m – ê³íü, øêàïà<br />
cado, cecî di, casurum, êre – ïàäàòè,<br />
ï³äïàäàòè; óïàñòè, çàãèíóòè<br />
caducum, i n – âèìîðî÷íå ìàéíî<br />
caducus, a, um – áëèçüêèé äî ïàä³ííÿ,<br />
ïðèðå÷åíèé íà ñìåðòü, çãóáíèé; òîé,<br />
ùî çàëèøèâñÿ áåç ñïàäêîºìöÿ, áåçãîñïîäàðíèé<br />
caecîtas, atis f – ñë³ïîòà<br />
caecus, a, um – ñë³ïèé<br />
caedes, is f – óáèâñòâî<br />
caedo, cecidi, caesum, êre – áèòè, ñ³êòè,<br />
ð³çàòè, ðóáàòè, óáèâàòè<br />
caelum, i n – íåáî<br />
Caesar, aris m – Öåçàð<br />
calamîtas, atis f – íåùàñòÿ, íåäîëÿ<br />
calamitôsus, a, um – òÿæêèé, çãóáíèé,<br />
íåùàñëèâèé<br />
calo, avi, atum, are – ñêëèêàòè<br />
calâmus, i m – î÷åðåò; ïåðî (äëÿ ëèñòà)<br />
calcar, aris n – øïîðà<br />
calco, avi, atum, are – äàâèòè, çíåâàæàòè,<br />
òîïòàòè, íàñòàâàòè (íîãîþ)<br />
calîgo, înis f – òóìàí, ìîðîê, ³ìëà<br />
calix, îcis m – êóáîê, êåëèõ, ÷àøà<br />
callidîtas, atis f – ìèñòåöòâî; õèòð³ñòü,<br />
ï³äñòóï, ëóêàâ³ñòü<br />
callî dus, a, um – ìèòåöüêèé, õèòðèé,<br />
ëóêàâèé<br />
calor, oris m – çàïàë, æàð<br />
calumnia, ae f – íàêëåï; ì³íëèâå, ïåðåêðó÷åíå<br />
òëóìà÷åííÿ<br />
calumnior, atus sum, ari – îáìîâëÿòè<br />
calumniosus, a, um – íàêëåïíèöüêèé,<br />
ïîìèëêîâèé<br />
calvus, i m – ëèñèé, ïë³øèâèé<br />
calx, calcis f – âàïíî<br />
candelabrum, i n – ñâ³÷íèê, êàíäåëÿáð<br />
candîdus, a, um – á³ëîñí³æíèé<br />
cani, orum m – ñèâå âîëîññÿ, ñèâèíà<br />
canis, is m (f) – ñîáàêà<br />
cantîcum, i n – ï³ñíÿ, ìåëîäåêëàìàö³ÿ<br />
canto, avi, atum, are – ïåêòè<br />
cantus, us m – ñï³â
capax, acis – ì³ñòêèé ñïðèéíÿòëèâèé,<br />
çäàòíèé äî ñïðèéíÿòòÿ<br />
capillus, i m – âîëîññÿ<br />
capio, cepi, captum, êre – áðàòè, ëîâèòè,<br />
ï³éìàòè, çàõîïëþâàòè; ïåðåìàãàòè<br />
capitalis, e – ïîâ’ÿçàíèé ç íåáåçïåêîþ;<br />
þð. êðèì³íàëüíèé, äóæå íåáåçïå÷íèé;<br />
êàðíèé; causa capitalis – êðèì³íàëüíà<br />
ñïðàâà (ñàíêö³ºþ â ÿêèé º<br />
íàéá³ëüøå îáìåæåííÿ ïðàâîçäàòíîñò³<br />
– amissio libertatis, âòðàòà âîë³)<br />
capra, ae f – êîçà<br />
captivus, a, um – çàõîïëåíèé ó ïîëîí,<br />
â³éñüêîâîïîëîíåíèé<br />
capto, avi, atum, are – âèñòà÷àòè, ëîâèòè;<br />
íàïîëåãëèâî äîìàãàòèñÿ<br />
captus, a, um – äèâ.: capio<br />
captus, us m – îâîëîä³ííÿ, ñïðèéíÿòòÿ,<br />
ðîçóì³ííÿ<br />
caput, capîtis n – ãîëîâà, ãëàâà; ïðàâîçäàòí³ñòü;<br />
ãîëîâíèé ìîìåíò<br />
carcer, êris m – â’ÿçíèöÿ, òåìíèöÿ<br />
care – äîðîãî, ç æàä³áí³ñòþ, îõî÷å<br />
careo, ui, (iturus), ere (alîqua re) – ïîçáóâàòèñÿ,<br />
áóòè ïîçáàâëåíèì; íå ìàòè<br />
(áóäü-÷îãî), á³äóâàòè; íå ì³ñòèòè<br />
(áóäü-÷îãî), áóòè â³ëüíèì (â³ä áóäü-<br />
÷îãî); âèÿâèòèñÿ (áåç áóäü-÷îãî)<br />
carina, ae f – ê³ë<br />
carî tas, atis f – ïðèõèëüí³ñòü, ëþáîâ,<br />
ïðèÿçíü; ïðèõèëüí³ñòü, ìèë³ñòü<br />
carmen, î nis n – ï³ñíÿ, îäà; ôîðìóëà<br />
(ìàã³÷íà àáî þðèäè÷íà)<br />
Carthaginiensis, e – êàðôàãåíñüêèé<br />
Carthâgo, înis f – Êàðôàãåí<br />
carus, a, um – äîðîãèé<br />
casa, ae f – õàòèíà<br />
cassis, idis f – øîëîì<br />
castellum, i n – ôîðò, ìàëåíüêà ôîðòåöÿ,<br />
ôåðìà; ðåçåðâóàð<br />
castîgo, avi, atum, are – êàðàòè; çàñòîñîâóâàòè<br />
ò³ëåñíå ïîêàðàííÿ<br />
castigatio, onis f – î÷èùåííÿ; ïîêàðàííÿ,<br />
áè÷óâàííÿ, ò³ëåñíå ïîêàðàííÿ, îñóäæåííÿ<br />
castrensis, e – â³éñüêîâèé, òàá³ðíèé<br />
castrum, i (casta, orum) n – â³éñüêîâèé<br />
òàá³ð, ôîðò<br />
casus, us m – ïàä³ííÿ; âèïàäîê,<br />
ì³íëèâ³ñòü; â³äì³íîê<br />
catena, ae f – ëàíöþã, ëàíöþæîê<br />
cathedra, ae f – êð³ñëî; ì³ñöå ïåðåáóâàííÿ<br />
caupona, ae f – øèíîê, òðàêòèð; òðàêòèðíèöÿ<br />
cauponius, a, um – òðàêòèðíèé, øèíêàðñüêèé<br />
I causa (ç gen.) – çàðàäè, äëÿ, ç ìåòîþ,<br />
÷åðåç<br />
II causa, ae f – ñïðàâà, ïðè÷èíà, çàñíóâàííÿ,<br />
ïîëîæåííÿ; causam reddêre –<br />
ïîÿñíèòè (âèêëàñòè) ïðè÷èíó; ex<br />
causa – âíàñë³äîê, ó âèïàäêó<br />
caute – îáà÷íî<br />
cautio, onis f – îáåðåæí³ñòü, îáà÷í³ñòü;<br />
ïèñü<strong>ìîâà</strong> ãàðàíò³ÿ<br />
cautus, a, um – äèâ.: caveo<br />
cautus, a, um – îáåðåæíèé, õèòðîìóäðèé<br />
caveo, cavi, cautum, ere – ïåðåäáà÷àòè,<br />
óæèâàòè çàõîä³â îáåðåæíîñò³; ãàðàíòóâàòè;<br />
ñêëàäàòè äîêóìåíòè (cautio –<br />
ãàðàíò³ÿ, ðîçïèñêà)<br />
cavillatio, onis f – þðèäè÷íà ñîô³ñòèêà<br />
cecîdi – äèâ.: cado<br />
cecidi – äèâ.: caedo<br />
cedo, cessi, cesssum, êre – éòè, âèïëèâàòè,<br />
â³äõîäèòè, ïîñòóïàòèñÿ, äîçâîëÿòè,<br />
ïîçâîëÿòè<br />
celêber, bris, bre – áàãàòîëþäíèé, ìàñîâèé,<br />
÷àñòî â³äâ³äóâàíèé; çíàìåíèòèé<br />
celer, celêris, celêre – øâèäêèé<br />
celerîtas, atis f – øâèäê³ñòü, ïîñï³øí³ñòü<br />
cella, ae f – ê³ìíàòêà, êîìîðà<br />
celo, avi, atum, are – ïðèõîâóâàòè, õîâàòè<br />
cementum, i n – áóò, ùåá³íü<br />
cena, ae f – îá³ä<br />
censeo, cencui, censum, ere – ââàæàòè,<br />
ãàäàòè; âíîñèòè ïðîïîçèö³þ; ïðèéìàòè<br />
ð³øåííÿ<br />
census, us m – öåíç (ïîäàòêîâèé ïåðåïèñ<br />
íàñåëåííÿ àáî öåíçîðñüêèé ñïèñîê<br />
ïëàòíèê³â ïîäàòê³â)<br />
centies – ñòîðàçîâî<br />
centum – ñòî<br />
centuria, ae f – öåíòóð³ÿ (çàã³í ç 60–100<br />
ñîëäàò³â)<br />
cepi – äèâ.: capio<br />
cera, ae f – â³ñê; íàâîùåíà òàáëè÷êà<br />
certatio, onis f – ñâàðêà, çìàãàííÿ, ñóïåðå÷êà<br />
certe – òî÷íî; çâè÷àéíî; ó âñÿêîìó ðàç³<br />
191
certo, avi, atum, are – çìàãàòèñÿ, áîðîòè,<br />
ñïåðå÷àòèñÿ<br />
certus, a, um – òî÷íèé, â³ðíèé, â³äîìèé,<br />
êîíêðåòíèé<br />
cessio, onis f – ïîñòóïêà; in iure cessio –<br />
ñóäîâà ïîñòóïêà<br />
cesso, avi, atum, are – áàðèòèñÿ, ãàÿòèñÿ,<br />
çàòÿãóâàòè; íå ä³ÿòè; âòðà÷àòè,<br />
óïóñêàòè; ïðèïèíÿòèñÿ, ³òè; íå áóòè â<br />
ñóä³<br />
cetêrum – â ³íøèõ âèïàäêàõ, â ³íøîìó<br />
ðàç³, ³íàêøå; óò³ì; õî÷ áè ÿê áóëî<br />
cetêrus, a, um – ³íøèé<br />
Chaldeaeus, i m – õàëäåé, æèòåëü<br />
Âàâ³ëîí³¿; ïåðåí.: àñòðîëîã, ìàã<br />
chaos n – õàîñ<br />
charta, ae f – ëèñò ïàï³ðóñó, ñóâ³é<br />
chirographarius, a, um – ðóêîïèñíèé;<br />
îôîðìëåíèé ðîçïèñêîþ<br />
chirogrâphum, i n – ðóêîïèñ, ðîçïèñêà<br />
(ïèñüìîâå áîðãîâå çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ, ùî<br />
áóëî äîêàçîì ôàêòó óãîäè, çðîáëåíî¿<br />
áåç ñâ³äê³â)<br />
chronîca, orum n – ë³òîïèñ<br />
cibaria, orum n – ¿ñò³âí³ ïðèïàñè, ïðîäîâîëüñòâî<br />
cibus, i m – ¿æà<br />
cicatrix, icis f – øðàì, ðóáåöü, ðàíà, ùî<br />
çàðóáöþâàëàñÿ; venire ad cicatricem<br />
– çàðóáöüîâóâàòèñÿ<br />
cingo, cinxi, cinctum, êre – ïîâ’ÿçóâàòè,<br />
îïåð³çóâàòè<br />
circa – äèâ.: circum<br />
circenses, ium m – âèäîâèùå<br />
circîter – á³ëÿ<br />
circum (circa, ç acc.) – á³ëÿ, íàâêîëî,<br />
â³äíîñíî<br />
circumambûlo, avi, atum, are – îáõîäèòè,<br />
îãëÿäàòè<br />
circumduco, duxi, ductum, êre – âîäèòè<br />
íàâêðóãè, îáìàíþâàòè; ñêàñîâóâàòè,<br />
àíóëþâàòè<br />
circumcedeo, sedi, sessum, ere – îñàäæóâàòè<br />
circumvenio, veni, ventum, ire – îáõîäèòè<br />
íàâêðóãè, îáìàíþâàòè, «îáâîäèòè<br />
íàâêîëî ïàëüöÿ»<br />
cito – øâèäêî, ïîñï³øíî<br />
citus, a, um – øâèäêèé, ïîñï³øíèé<br />
civilis, e – öèâ³ëüíèé<br />
civilîter – â³äïîâ³äíî äî öèâ³ëüíîãî ïðàâà;<br />
÷åìíî<br />
192<br />
civis, is m (f) – ãðîìàäÿíèí (ñï³âãðîìàäÿíèí)<br />
civî tas, atis f – ñóñï³ëüñòâî, ãðîìàäà,<br />
äåðæàâà; ãðîìàäÿíñòâî; êîðïîðàö³ÿ;<br />
ì³ñòî<br />
I clam (ïðèéì.) – ïîòàé (â³ä êîãîñü)<br />
II clam (ïðèñë.) – òàºìíî<br />
clamor, oris m – êðèê<br />
clarus, a, um – çíàòíèé, øëÿõåòíèé,<br />
ñëàâíèé, çíàìåíèòèé<br />
claudo, si, sum, êre – çàìèêàòè, çóïèíèòè,<br />
îòî÷óâàòè, óêëàäàòè, çàê³í÷óâàòè<br />
claudus, a, um – êóëüãàâèé<br />
claustrum, i n – çàñóâ, çàìîê<br />
clavis, is f – êëþ÷<br />
clementia, ae f – ïîì³ðí³ñòü, ì’ÿêîñåðäÿ,<br />
ëàã³äí³ñòü, ñìèðåíí³ñòü<br />
clepo, clepsi, cleptum, êre – êðàñòè,<br />
êðàñòèñÿ; clepêre se – õîâàòèñÿ<br />
clepsyda, ae f – âîäÿíèé ãîäèííèê, êëåïñèäðà<br />
(îäèíèöÿ ÷àñó)<br />
clypeo, -, atum, ere – îçáðî¿òè ùèòîì<br />
coactus, a, um – äèâ.: cogo<br />
coalesco, coalui, coalîtum, êre – çðîñòàòèñÿ,<br />
ïðèéìàòèñÿ, ïðèæèâàòèñÿ<br />
codex, îcis m – ñòîâáóð, êîëîäà, êíèãà<br />
codicilli, orum m – íàâîùåí³ äîùå÷êè,<br />
òàáëè÷êè; ïðèïèñêà äî çàïîâ³òó (ÿêà<br />
âêëþ÷ຠäîïîâíåííÿ, âèïðàâëåííÿ ³<br />
çì³íè â³äïîâ³äíî äî îñòàííüî¿ âîë³<br />
ñïàäêîäàâöÿ)<br />
coegi – äèâ.: cogo<br />
coelestis, e – íåáåñíèé<br />
coelum, i n – íåáî<br />
coemptio, onis f – êîåìïö³ÿ (øëþá, óêëàäàííÿ<br />
ÿêîãî â³äáóâàëîñÿ ó âèãëÿä³<br />
ñèìâîë³÷íî¿ ïîêóïêè)<br />
co¸o, ii (ivi), itum, ire – çáèðàòèñÿ, óêëàäàòè;<br />
âõîäèòè, ñõîäèòèñÿ, ñêëàäàòè;<br />
ïðèºäíóâàòèñÿ<br />
(coepio), coepi, coeptum, coepisse – ïî-<br />
÷àòè; ïî÷èíàòè(ñÿ)<br />
co¸rceo, cui, cî tum, ere – óòðèìóâàòè,<br />
êàðàòè, ïðèòÿãàòè äî â³äïîâ³äàëüíîñò³<br />
co¸rcitio, onis f – óòèõîìèðåííÿ, ñòðèìóâàííÿ;<br />
ïîêàðàííÿ<br />
coetus, us m – ñõîäêà, çáîðè<br />
cogitatio, onis f – íàì³ð, äóìêà, ïëàí<br />
cogîto, avi, atum, are – äóìàòè, îáì³ðêîâóâàòè,<br />
ìèñëèòè
cognatio, onis f – êîãíàö³ÿ, êðîâíå<br />
ñïîð³äíåííÿ; ñïîð³äíåí³ñòü; ð³äíÿ<br />
cognatus, i m – êîãíàò<br />
cognitio, onis f – ï³çíàííÿ, îçíàéîìëåííÿ;<br />
ðîçñë³äóâàííÿ; öèâ³ëüíèé ïðîöåñ,<br />
ñóäî÷èíñòâî, ñóäîâèé ðîçãëÿä;<br />
íàñë³äîê, ñëóõàííÿ; ñóäîâà êîìïåòåíö³ÿ,<br />
âåäåííÿ; êîãí³ö³éíå ïðîâàäæåííÿ<br />
cognitorius, a, um – ùî ñòîñóºòüñÿ<br />
îô³ö³éíîãî ïðåäñòàâíèêà íà ñóä³<br />
cognosco, novi, nîtum, êre – ï³çíàâàòè,<br />
ðîçáèðàòèñÿ, ðîçñë³äóâàòè, âåñòè<br />
ñë³äñòâî<br />
cogo, coegi, coactum, êre – çìóøóâàòè,<br />
ïðèìóøóâàòè<br />
cohaereo, haesi, haesum, ere (ç dat.) –<br />
áóòè çâ’ÿçàíèì (ç ÷èìîñü), ïåðåáóâàòè<br />
ó çâ’ÿçêó; çàëåæàòè îäèí â³ä îäíîãî<br />
coheres, edis m (f) – ñï³âñïàäêîºìåöü<br />
cohors, hortis f – êîãîðòà; îòî÷åííÿ, ïî-<br />
÷åò<br />
coicio (coniicio), ieci, iectum, êre – ñêèäàòè<br />
ðàçîì; óêëàäàòè, ì³ñòèòè<br />
coîtus, a, um – äèâ.: co¸o<br />
collatio, onis f – ç’ºäíàííÿ, ç³ñòàâëåííÿ,<br />
çâ³ä<br />
collega, ae m – êîëåãà<br />
collegium, i n – êîëåã³ÿ<br />
collido, lisi, lisum, êre – óäàðÿòè,<br />
ç³ì’ÿòè, ðîçäàâèòè, ðîçøèáàòè<br />
collîgo, legi, lectum, êre – çáèðàòè, íàêîïè÷óâàòè,<br />
ñêëàäàòè<br />
collôco, avi, atum, are – ïîì³ùàòè, ïðèñòðîþâàòè,<br />
âèäàâàòè (çàì³æ)<br />
collum, i n – øèÿ<br />
collusio, onis f – òàºìíà óãîäà, ç<strong>ìîâà</strong><br />
colluvies (conluvines), ei f – ñò³ê íå÷èñòîò;<br />
íàáð³ä, ïîêèäüêè<br />
colo, colui, cultum, êre – äîãëÿäàòè, îáðîáëÿòè,<br />
íàñàäæóâàòè; øàíóâàòè<br />
colonarius, a, um – ñåëÿíñüêèé<br />
colonus, i m – êîëîí, ñåëÿíèí, õë³áîðîáîðåíäàð,<br />
êîëîí³ñò, ïåðåñåëåíåöü<br />
color, oris m – êîë³ð<br />
coloro, avi, atum, are – ôàðáóâàòè, ïåðåäàâàòè<br />
â³äò³íîê<br />
columna, ae f – êîëîíà<br />
comes, îtis m (f) – ñóïóòíèê (ñóïóòíèöÿ)<br />
comissator, oris m – ó÷àñíèê ïèÿòèêè,<br />
òîé, ùî áåíêåòóº, ãóëÿêà<br />
comitium, ii n – êîì³ö³é (ì³ñöå íà ôîðóì³,<br />
äå ïðîõîäèëè íàðîäí³ çáîðè);<br />
comitia calata – ñêëèêàí³ êîì³ö³¿ (íàðîäí³<br />
çáîðè, ùî ïðîõîäèëè ï³ä<br />
êåð³âíèöòâîì âåðõîâíîãî æåðöÿ)<br />
comî tor, atus sum, ari – ïðîâîäæàòè,<br />
ñóïðîâîäæóâàòè<br />
comm- = conmcommeatus,<br />
us m – â³äïóñòêà<br />
commendo, avi, atum, are – äîâ³ðÿòè,<br />
äîðó÷àòè<br />
commeo, avi, atum, are – õîäèòè òóäè ³<br />
ñþäè, ïðèõîäèòè<br />
commercium, ii n – êîìåðö³ÿ (ïðàâî<br />
òîðã³âë³)<br />
comisceo, cui, xtum, ere – çì³øóâàòè,<br />
ç’ºäíóâàòè; commiscere [se] cum<br />
alîquo – ñõîäèòèñÿ (ç êèìîñü)<br />
commito, misi, missum, êre – äîðó÷àòè,<br />
ðîáèòè, ó÷èíÿòè; committêre se –<br />
â³ääàâàòèñÿ<br />
commodatum, i n – ïîçè÷êà<br />
commôdo, avi, atum, are – ðîáèòè ïîñëóãó,<br />
ïîçè÷èòè (ó áåçïëàòíå êîðèñòóâàííÿ),<br />
ïîçè÷èòè; íàäàòè; ïåðåäàòè<br />
commôdum, i n – âèãîäà, êîðèñòü, ³íòåðåñ<br />
commôdus, a, um – íàëåæíèé, ãàðíèé,<br />
çðó÷íèé; êîðèñíèé, äîö³ëüíèé<br />
communicatio, onis f – ºäíàííÿ, ºäí³ñòü<br />
communî co, avi, atum, are – ðîáèòè<br />
ñï³ëüíèì, óñóñï³ëüíþâàòè<br />
communis, e – ñï³ëüíèé<br />
communîtas, atis f – ñï³ëüí³ñòü, ãóðòîæèòîê,<br />
çâ’ÿçîê, ãðîìàäñüêå æèòòÿ,<br />
ñï³ëêóâàííÿ<br />
commuto, avi, atum, are – çì³íþâàòè,<br />
ïåðåòâîðþâàòè<br />
comp- = conpcomparatio,<br />
onis f – ïîð³âíÿííÿ,<br />
ïîð³âíÿëüíèé ðîçãëÿä<br />
I compâro, avi, atum, are – êóïóâàòè,<br />
ãîòóâàòè<br />
II compâro, avi, atum, are – ïîð³âíþâàòè;<br />
ç’ºäíóâàòè<br />
compello, pûli, pulsum, êre – çãàíÿòè,<br />
çáèðàòè; ïðèìóøóâàòè<br />
compensatio, onis f – çàë³ê, â³äøêîäóâàííÿ,<br />
ñïëàòà<br />
comperio, pêri, pertum, êre – ä³çíàâàòèñÿ<br />
compesco (conpesco), pescui, -, êre – óòèõîìèðþâàòè,<br />
óòðèìóâàòè<br />
193
compêtens, entis – ïðèäàòíèé, íàëåæíèé,<br />
â³äïîâ³äíèé<br />
compêto,ivi (ii), itum, êre – ñõîäèòèñÿ,<br />
ï³äõîäèòè, áóòè ïðèäàòíèì, ïðèºäíóâàòèñÿ,<br />
âèìàãàòè çà çàêîíîì<br />
compilo, avi, atum, are – âèêðàäàòè<br />
complector, plexus sum, plecti – îá³éìàòè,<br />
âèêëàäàòè<br />
complures, plura – áàãàòî õòî, áàãàòî<br />
÷îãî<br />
compono, posui, posîtum, êre – ñêëàäàòè;<br />
ïðèâîäèòè ó â³äïîâ³äí³ñòü, óïîðÿäêîâóâàòè,<br />
ïîãîäæóâàòè<br />
compos, pôtis – ùî âîëî䳺, ùî íå âòðàòèâ;<br />
compôten mentis esse – áóòè ó<br />
ñâîºìó ðîçóì³, íå âòðàòèòè ðîçóìó<br />
composîtus, a, um – ñêëàäåíèé, ñêëàäíèé;<br />
óð³âíîâàæåíèé, ãàðìîí³éíèé<br />
comprehendo (prendo), prehendi<br />
(prendi), prehensum (prensum), êre –<br />
áðàòè, çàõîïëþâàòè, îõîïëþâàòè;<br />
çâ’ÿçóâàòè, ñêð³ïëþâàòè, âðàõîâóâàòè,<br />
âèðàæàòè, îïèñóâàòè; óñòàíîâëþâàòè,<br />
ïðèçíà÷àòè<br />
comprôbo, avi, atum, are – ñõâàëþâàòè,<br />
çàòâåðäæóâàòè, ï³äòâåðäæóâàòè<br />
compromissum, i n – êîìïðîì³ñ (ð³øåííÿ<br />
ñòîð³í óäàòèñÿ äî äîïîìîãè òðåòåéñüêîãî<br />
ñóää³)<br />
comptus, a, um – ï³äôàðáîâàíèé, íàðóì’ÿíåíèé<br />
compûto, avi, atum, are – ï³äðàõîâóâàòè,<br />
îá÷èñëþâàòè, ïåðåë³÷óâàòè, çàðàõîâóâàòè<br />
concedo, cessi, cessum, êre – óñòóïàòè,<br />
äîçâîëÿòè, äîâ³ðÿòè, íàäàâàòè<br />
conceptio, onis f – ñóêóïí³ñòü; ôîðìóëþâàííÿ<br />
concertatio, onis f – çìàãàííÿ, ñóïåðå÷êà,<br />
äèñïóò<br />
concha, ae f – ðàêîâèíà; ïîñóäèíà ç ðàêîâèíè<br />
conciliabûlum, i n – ðèíêîâà ïëîùà,<br />
ì³ñöå äëÿ çáîðó íàðîäó<br />
conciliatio, onis f – ç’ºäíàííÿ, çáëèæåííÿ;<br />
çàëó÷åííÿ íà ñâîþ ñòîðîíó<br />
concilium, i n – ç’ºäíàííÿ, çâ’ÿçîê; íàðàäà,<br />
çáîðè<br />
concipio, cepi, ceptum, êre – çà÷àòè, ðîäèòè;<br />
çáèðàòè; çàäóìóâàòè; óòâîðþâàòè,<br />
ðîáèòè, çä³éñíþâàòè; îäåðæóâàòè,<br />
ãîäóâàòè<br />
194<br />
concitatio, onis f – øâèäêèé ðóõ, ïîðóøåííÿ,<br />
ðîçäðàòóâàííÿ<br />
concîto, avi, atum, are – ñêëèêàòè, çàïðîøóâàòè,<br />
ï³äáóðþâàòè<br />
conclave, is n – çàêðèòå (ùî çàïèðàºòüñÿ)<br />
ïðèì³ùåííÿ, ê³ìíàòà, ïîêî¿<br />
concludo, clusi, clusum, êre – óêëàäàòè,<br />
çàâåðøóâàòè<br />
concoquo, coxi, coctum, êre – ïåðåâàðþâàòè,<br />
çàñâîþâàòè, ðåòåëüíî îáì³ðêîâóâàòè<br />
concordia, ae f – çãîäà, ºäí³ñòü<br />
concordo, avi, atum, are – óçãîäæóâàòèñÿ<br />
concubina, ae f – íàëîæíèöÿ, êîõàíêà<br />
concubinatus, us m – êîíêóá³íàò,<br />
ñï³âæèòòÿ, ëþáîâíèé çâ’ÿçîê<br />
concupisco, pivi (pii), pitum, êre – æàäàòè,<br />
æàãó÷å áàæàòè, ïðàãíóòè<br />
concurro, curri, cursum, êre – ñò³êàòèñÿ,<br />
çá³ãàòèñÿ, ñõîäèòèñÿ, óçãîäæóâàòèñÿ<br />
concursus, us m – ñò³êàííÿ; ñïðèÿííÿ;<br />
ñóòè÷êà<br />
concutio, cussi, cussum, êre – ðîçõèòóâàòè,<br />
êîëèâàòè<br />
condemno, avi, atum, are – çàñóäæóâàòè,<br />
âèçíàâàòè âèííèì<br />
condicio, onis f – ó<strong>ìîâà</strong>, çàñòåðåæåííÿ (ó<br />
äîãîâîð³ àáî çàïîâ³ò³); ñóñï³ëüíå ñòàíîâèùå,<br />
ñòàòóñ<br />
condicionalis, e – óìîâíå, îáóìîâëåíå,<br />
çàñòåðåæåííÿ<br />
condictio, onis f – êîíäèêö³ÿ, îñîáèñòèé<br />
(çîáîâ’ÿçàëüíèé) ïîçîâ<br />
condo, dîdi, dîtum, êre – çàñíîâóâàòè,<br />
âëàøòîâóâàòè, óñòàíîâëþâàòè; õîâàòè<br />
conduco, duxi, ductum, êre – çáèðàòè,<br />
çí³ìàòè; îðåíäóâàòè; ï³äðÿäæàòèñÿ<br />
conductio, onis f – íàéîì, ïðèéîì â<br />
îðåíäó<br />
conductor, oris m – íàéìà÷, îðåíäàð<br />
conexus, a, um – çâ’ÿçàíèé<br />
confarreatio, onis f – êîíôàðåàö³ÿ (îäèí<br />
³ç òðüîõ âèä³â øëþáó)<br />
confectus, a, um – äèâ.: conficio<br />
confêro, tûli, collâtum, ferre – çíîñèòè,<br />
ñêëàäàòè, çâîäèòè, çáèðàòè, ïîêëàäàòè;<br />
âíîñèòè; çâåðòàòè, íàïðàâëÿòè<br />
confessio, onis f – âèçíàííÿ<br />
confessus, a, um – äèâ.: confiteor
confestim – íåãàéíî, â³äðàçó<br />
confîcio, feci, fectum, êre – çàê³í÷óâàòè,<br />
ðîáèòè, çä³éñíþâàòè<br />
confido, confisum sum, confidêre –<br />
äîâ³ðÿòè<br />
configo, fixi, fixum, êre – âèêîëþâàòè<br />
conficio, feci, fectum, êre – çàê³í÷óâàòè,<br />
ðîáèòè, çä³éñíþâàòè<br />
confirmo, avi, atum, are – â³äíîâëþâàòè,<br />
çàòâåðäæóâàòè, ï³äòâåðäæóâàòè<br />
confiteor, fessus sum, fiteri – óñâ³äîìëþâàòè,<br />
âèçíàâàòè<br />
conflo, avi, atum, are – ðîçäóâàòè; ïåðåïëàâëÿòè<br />
confugio, fugi, -, êre – á³ãòè<br />
confundo, fudi, fusum, êre – ëèòè, óëèâàòè,<br />
ðîçïîä³ëÿòè; çì³øóâàòè, ïåðåì³øóâàòè;<br />
áåíòåæèòè<br />
confusus, a, um – áåçëàäíèé, çàïëóòàíèé<br />
congiarium, ii n – ðîçäàâàííÿ (âèäà÷à<br />
ïðîäóêò³â àáî ãðîøåé á³äíèì ãîðîäÿíàì<br />
÷è ñîëäàòàì)<br />
congrêgo, avi, atum, are – çáèðàòè,<br />
ç’ºäíóâàòè<br />
congrue – óçãîäæåíî; íàëåæíèì ÷èíîì<br />
congruo, ui, -, êre – â³äïîâ³äàòè, ï³äõîäèòè,<br />
ïîãîäèòèñÿ, çá³ãàòèñÿ<br />
congruus, a, um – â³äïîâ³äíèé, íàëåæíèé<br />
coniunctio, onis f – çâ’ÿçîê, ñïîð³äíåííÿ,<br />
ðîäèíí³ â³äíîñèíè, øëþá, ñïîëó÷åííÿ<br />
coniungo, iunxi, iunctum, êre – ç’ºäíóâàòè,<br />
ñïîëó÷èòè, ïîºäíóâàòè ðîäèííèìè<br />
óçàìè<br />
conlega – äèâ.: collega<br />
conluvies – äèâ.: colluvies<br />
conm- = commconnumêro,<br />
avi, atum, are – çàðàõîâóâàòè<br />
conor, conatus sum, ari – íàìàãàòèñÿ,<br />
ïðîáóâàòè<br />
conp- = compconpello,<br />
pûli, pulsum, êre – ãíàòè, ïðèìóøóâàòè,<br />
óâîäèòè, íàïðàâëÿòè<br />
conpesco (compesco), pescui, -, êre – ñêîâóâàòè,<br />
ñòðèìóâàòè, óòèõîìèðþâàòè<br />
conquiro, quisivi, quisitum, êre – ï³äøóêóâàòè,<br />
çáèðàòè çâ³äóñ³ëü, íàáèðàòè,<br />
ðåâíî øóêàòè<br />
consanguineus, i m – êðîâíèé ðîäè÷ (ãîëîâíèì<br />
÷èíîì áðàò àáî ñåñòðà)<br />
conscientia, ae f – ñóìë³ííÿ; mala<br />
conscientia – íå÷èñòå ñóìë³ííÿ<br />
conscio, scivi, scitum, ire – ïðèéìàòè,<br />
çàðàõîâóâàòè<br />
conscribo, scripsi, scriptum, êre – ïèñàòè,<br />
çàïèñóâàòè, âíîñèòè äî ñïèñê³â;<br />
ñêëàäàòè<br />
consecro, avi, atum, are – îñâÿ÷óâàòè,<br />
âèçíàâàòè ñâÿùåííèì<br />
consensus, us m – óãîäà; consensus<br />
necessarius – çàêîííà óãîäà<br />
consentio, sensi, sensum, ire (de alîqua<br />
re) – ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ, âèðàæàòè çãîäó;<br />
ñõîäèòèñÿ (ó ÷îìóñü); çëàãîäèòèñÿ,<br />
âëàøòóâàòèñÿ<br />
consequens est – îòæå<br />
consequentia, ae f – íàñë³äîê; per<br />
consecuentias – îïîñåðåäêîâàíî, ÷åðåç<br />
íàñë³äêè<br />
consequor, secutus sum, sequi – âèïëèâàòè;<br />
ïåðåñë³äóâàòè; äîáóâàòè, äîìàãàòèñÿ<br />
consêro, serui, sertum, êre – ç’ºäíóâàòè;<br />
âñòóïàòè; çàâ’ÿçóâàòè<br />
conservatio, onis f – çàîùàäæåííÿ; ïîðÿòóíîê<br />
conservo, avi, atum, are – çáåð³ãàòè<br />
conservus, i m – òîâàðèø ïî ðàáñòâó<br />
considêro, avi, atum, are – îãëÿäàòè;<br />
îáì³ðêîâóâàòè<br />
consîdo, sedi (sidi), sessum, êre – ñ³äàòè,<br />
îñ³äàòè<br />
consignatio, onis f – ïèñüìîâå ïîñâ³ä÷åííÿ<br />
consilium,ii n – ðàäà, íàì³ð; in consilio<br />
habere – ìàòè íà óâàç³; áðàòè äî â³äîìà<br />
consisto, stîti, -, êre – ïîëÿãàòè, ñòàâàòè,<br />
óñòàíîâëþâàòèñÿ, ì³ñòèòèñÿ, ñêëàäàòèñÿ,<br />
çîñåðåäæóâàòèñÿ; ³ñíóâàòè<br />
consonantia, ae f – ñï³âçâó÷÷ÿ, ïîãîäæåí³ñòü,<br />
çá³ã<br />
consôno, sonui, -, are – ñï³ëüíî çâó÷àòè,<br />
óçãîäæóâàòèñÿ, çá³ãàòèñÿ<br />
consortium,ii n – ñï³ëüí³ñòü<br />
conspectus, us m – ïîëå çîðó, îãëÿä<br />
conspicio, spexi, spectum, êre – ïîáà÷èòè,<br />
ïîì³òèòè<br />
conspiratio, onis f – çãîäà, çãîâ³ð, ç<strong>ìîâà</strong><br />
constans, antis – ïîñò³éíèé, íåóõèëüíèé,<br />
íàïîëåãëèâèé, ñò³éêèé, íåïîõèòíèé,<br />
òâåðäèé<br />
195
constantia, ae f – ñòàë³ñòü, ì³öí³ñòü,<br />
íåçì³íí³ñòü<br />
constîti – äèâ.: consto, consisto<br />
constituo, stitui, stitutum, êre – óñòàíîâëþâàòè,<br />
ïðèçíà÷àòè, âèçíà÷àòè, çàñíîâóâàòè,<br />
ïîñòàíîâëÿòè, çàòâåðäæóâàòè,<br />
âèçíàâàòè<br />
constitutio, onis f – ïîñòàíîâà, íàêàç<br />
consto,stîti, staturus, are – ñêëàäàòèñÿ;<br />
áóòè òâåðäî âñòàíîâëåíèì, áóòè ç’ÿñîâàíèì;<br />
óçãîäæóâàòèñÿ; ³ñíóâàòè<br />
constringo, strinxi, strictum, êre –<br />
çâ’ÿçóâàòè, ñòðèìóâàòè, çâóæóâàòè,<br />
ñêîðî÷óâàòè, çâîäèòè<br />
consuetudo, înis f – çâè÷êà, çâè÷àé, ïîáóò;<br />
âæèâàííÿ, çàñòîñóâàííÿ, ïðàêòèêà<br />
consul, is m – êîíñóë<br />
consularis,e – êîíñóëüñüêèé<br />
consularis, is m – êîíñóëÿð (êîëèøí³é<br />
êîíñóë àáî ëåãàò ó ïðîâ³íö³¿, ùî ìàâ<br />
ðàíã êîíñóëà)<br />
consulatus, us m – êîíñóëüñüêå çâàííÿ,<br />
êîíñóëüñüêà ïîñàäà, êîíñóëüñòâî<br />
consûlo, sului, sultum, êre – ðàäèòè, îáãîâîðþâàòè,<br />
çàïèòóâàòè; ì³ðêóâàòè,<br />
ï³êëóâàòèñÿ<br />
consulto – íàâìèñíî<br />
consultor, oris m – ùî ïðîõຠïðî ïîðàäó;<br />
ùî ðàäèòü, êîíñóëüòàíò<br />
consultum, i n – ïîðàäà, ïîñòàíîâà,<br />
âèçíà÷åííÿ, óñòàíîâëåííÿ<br />
consultus, a, um – íàâìèñíèé, ñâ³äîìèé<br />
consultus, i m – ïðàâîçíàâåöü, þðèñò<br />
consummo, avi, atum, are – çàâåðøóâàòè,<br />
âèêîíóâàòè, äîâîäèòè äî ê³íöÿ<br />
consumo, sumpsi, sumptum, êre – ñïîæèâàòè,<br />
âèòðà÷àòè; çíèùóâàòè, ïðèâîäèòè<br />
äî çíèêíåííÿ, óìåðòâèòè<br />
contemno, tempsi, temptum, êre – íåõòóâàòè,<br />
çíåâàæàòè, ñòàâèòèñÿ áàéäóæå<br />
contemplatio, onis f – ðîçóì³ííÿ, ìåòà,<br />
íàì³ð; âèä, âèäîâèùå, êàðòèíà<br />
contemptio, onis f – ïðåçèðñòâî, íåïîâàãà<br />
contemptus, us m – ïðåçèðñòâî<br />
contendo, tendi, tentum, êre – íàòÿãàòè;<br />
ïîð³âíþâàòè; çàïåðå÷óâàòè; ïðèòÿãàòè<br />
contentio, onis f – ïîñèëåííÿ, äîìàãàííÿ;<br />
ïîð³âíÿííÿ, çâ³ðÿííÿ<br />
contentus, a, um – äèâ.: contineo ÷è<br />
contendo<br />
contentus, a, um – ùî çàäîâîëüíÿºòüñÿ,<br />
âäîâîëåíèé<br />
196<br />
conterreo, rui, rîtum, ere – íàëÿêàòè<br />
contestatio, onis f – çàñâ³ä÷åííÿ; litis<br />
contestatio – çàñâ³ä÷åííÿ ñóïåðå÷êè<br />
contestitus, a, um – äèâ.: contestor<br />
contestor, atus sum, ari – êëèêàòè ó<br />
ñâ³äêè, ïî÷èíàòè çàïðîøåííÿì<br />
ñâ³äê³â, çàñâ³ä÷èòè; lis contestata –<br />
çàñâ³ä÷åíèé ïîçîâ<br />
conticesco (conticisco), ticui, -, êre –<br />
óìîâêàòè<br />
contineo, tinui, tentum, ere – ì³ñòèòè,<br />
âì³ùóâàòè; çàëèøàòè, óòðèìóâàòè,<br />
ñêð³ïëþâàòè; îáìåæóâàòè; ó passivum<br />
– ñêëàäàòèñÿ; çàäîâîëüíÿòèñÿ<br />
contingo, tîgi, tactum, êre – òîðêàòèñÿ,<br />
äîòîðêàòèñÿ, çà÷³ïàòè, çàõîïëþâàòè;<br />
â³äáóâàòèñÿ, âèíèêàòè<br />
continuatio, onis f – áåçïåðåðâí³ñòü,<br />
òðèâàë³ñòü; ïðîäîâæåííÿ<br />
I continuo – íåãàéíî<br />
II continuo, avi, atum, are – ç’ºäíóâàòè,<br />
çâ’ÿçóâàòè<br />
contio, onis f – çáîðè<br />
contra (ïðèñë.) – íàâïàêè, íàïðîòè;<br />
contra dicêre – çàïåðå÷óâàòè, ñóïåðå÷èòè,<br />
ïðîòåñòóâàòè<br />
contra (ïðèéì. ç àñc.) – óñóïåðå÷, ïðîòè<br />
contractus, us m – êîíòðàêò, óãîäà<br />
contradico, dixi, dictum, êre – çàïåðå÷óâàòè,<br />
â³äêèäàòè<br />
contradictio, onis f – çàïåðå÷åííÿ, ïðîòèð³÷÷ÿ<br />
contrâho, traxi, tractum trahêre – ñòÿãàòè,<br />
ñêð³ïëþâàòè, óêëàäàòè (óãîäó),<br />
çáèðàòè, íàêîïè÷óâàòè; çàïîä³þâàòè,<br />
ðîáèòè<br />
contrarius, a, um – ïðîòèëåæíèé; e<br />
contrario – íàâïàêè<br />
contrectatio, onis f – âèêðàäåííÿ, ðîçòðàòà,<br />
ïðèñâîºííÿ<br />
contrecto, avi, atum, are – òîðêàòèñÿ,<br />
ñïîêóøàòè, ïðèâëàñíþâàòè ñîá³, ðîçêðàäàòè<br />
contributio, onis f – ïîãàøåííÿ, ðîçðàõóíîê<br />
contristo, avi, atum,are – çàñìó÷óâàòè<br />
controversia, ae f – ñóïåðå÷êà, ðîçá³æí³ñòü<br />
contubernium, ii n – ñï³âæèòòÿ<br />
contumacia, ae f – óïåðò³ñòü, íîðîâëèâ³ñòü;<br />
çàòÿòà íåÿâêà äî ñóäó; íåïîêîðà
contûmax, acis – óïåðòèé, íîðîâëèâèé;<br />
ùî íå ç’ÿâèâñÿ äî ñóäó (ùî âèÿâèâ<br />
íåïîâàãó äî ñóäó)<br />
contumelia, ae f – îáðàçà<br />
conturbo, avi, atum, are – çáåíòåæèòè<br />
conubium, ii n – øëþá, îäðóæåííÿ; ïðàâî<br />
óêëàäàòè øëþá<br />
convalesco, valui, -, êre – âèäóæóâàòè;<br />
ïðèæèâàòèñÿ, çì³öíþâàòèñÿ, çì³öí³òè;<br />
îäåðæóâàòè çàêîííó ñèëó, ñòàâàòè<br />
ä³éñíèì<br />
convenio, veni, ventum, ire – ñõîäèòèñÿ,<br />
ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ, ïðèõîäèòè äî çãîäè,<br />
çàëàãîäæóâàòè, óêëàäàòè, â³äïîâ³äàòè;<br />
convênit (áåçîñîá.) – òå ñàìå, ùî ³<br />
decet; óëàãîäæåíî, âèð³øåíî, º äîìîâëåí³ñòü;<br />
conveniri – çàñòîñîâóâàòèñÿ,<br />
áóòè âèçíàíèì; çàëó÷àòèñÿ äî â³äïîâ³äàëüíîñò³<br />
conventio, onis f – óãîäà<br />
conventionalis, e – äîãîâ³ðíèé<br />
conventum, i n – äîìîâëåí³ñòü, óãîäà<br />
conventus, a, um – äèâ.: convenio<br />
conventus, us m – ç³áðàííÿ, çá³ð, çá³ãîâèñüêî,<br />
çàñ³äàííÿ<br />
conversatio, onis f – çâåðòàííÿ, ñï³ëêóâàííÿ<br />
converto (vorto), verti (vorti), versum<br />
(vorsum), êre – çâåðòàòè, ïåðåòâîðþâàòè,<br />
ïåðåâîäèòè; çì³íþâàòè, «ñòàâèòè<br />
ç í³ã íà ãîëîâó»<br />
convicior, atus sum, ari – ëàÿòè<br />
convicium, ii n – ëàéêà, ãàíüáëåííÿ<br />
convinco, vici, victum, êre – âèêðèâàòè,<br />
äîâîäèòè, ñïðîñòîâóâàòè<br />
convivium, ii n – áåíêåò<br />
convocium – «ç’ºäíàííÿ ãîëîñ³â» (ñëîâî,<br />
ñòâîðåíå øòó÷íî ³ ïîêëèêàíå ïîÿñíèòè<br />
ïîõîäæåííÿ ñëîâà «convicium»)<br />
convôco, avi, atum, are – ñêëèêàòè, çáèðàòè<br />
copia, ae f – áàãàòñòâî, äîñòàòîê, ì³öü;<br />
êîï³ÿ<br />
copiae, arum (pl.) f – â³éñüêî<br />
copûlo, avi, atum, are – ñïîëó÷èòè, çâ’ÿçóâàòè,<br />
ç’ºäíóâàòè<br />
coquo, coxi, coctum, êre – âàðèòè, êóõîâàðèòè,<br />
ãîòóâàòè, îáïàëþâàòè, ãàñèòè<br />
(âàïíî)<br />
cor, cordis n – ñåðöå<br />
I coram (ç abl.) – ó ïðèñóòíîñò³ (áóäüêîãî)<br />
II coram (ïðèñë.) – îñîáèñòî, íà î÷àõ ó<br />
âñ³õ, áóòè ïðèñóòí³ì îñîáèñòî<br />
cornix, cornicis f – âîðîíà<br />
corollarium, ii n – â³íîê<br />
corporalis, e – ò³ëåñíèé, ìàòåð³àëüíèé<br />
corpus, ôris n – ò³ëî, ïðåäìåò<br />
corrîgo, rexi, rectum, êre – âèïðÿìëÿòè,<br />
âèïðàâëÿòè<br />
corripio, ripui, reptum, êre – ñõîïëþâàòè,<br />
îõîïëþâàòè; îáâèíóâà÷óâàòè<br />
corrumpo, rupi, ruptum, êre – øêîäèòè,<br />
çàâäàâàòè øêîäè, óùåìëÿòè, ïñóâàòè,<br />
óøêîäæóâàòè, çâàáëþâàòè, ñïîêóøàòè<br />
corruptus, a, um – äèâ.: corrumpo<br />
cotidie (cottidie) – ùîäíÿ, ³ç äíÿ ó äåíü,<br />
áåçóïèííî<br />
cras – çàâòðà<br />
crastinus, a, um – çàâòðàøí³é<br />
creber, bra, brum – ÷àñòèé, ÷àñòî ïîâòîðþâàíèé<br />
crebro – ÷àñòî<br />
credîdi – äèâ.: credo<br />
credî tor, oris m (creditrix, tricis f) –<br />
êðåäèòîð, ïîçèêîäàâåöü<br />
creditum, i n – ïîçè÷êà, êðåäèò<br />
credo, credîdi, credîtum, êre – â³ðèòè,<br />
äîâ³ðÿòè; ââàæàòè, ãàäàòè<br />
credulîtas, atis f – äîâ³ðëèâ³ñòü<br />
crematio, onis f – ñòðàòà ÷åðåç ñïàëåííÿ<br />
creo, avi, atum, are – ñòâîðþâàòè, ä³ÿòè,<br />
îáèðàòè, ïðèçíà÷àòè; ïîðîäæóâàòè<br />
crepîda, ae f – ñàíäàëÿ, âçóòòÿ<br />
cresco, crevi, cretum, êre – ðîñòè, çðîñòàòè<br />
cretio, onis f – êðåö³ÿ (ôîðìàëüíà çàÿâà<br />
ïðî ïðèéíÿòòÿ ñïàäùèíè, ÿêó ïîòð³áíî<br />
çðîáèòè ïðîòÿãîì âèçíà÷åíîãî<br />
÷àñó ç äíÿ îãîëîøåííÿ ñïàäêîºìöþ<br />
çàïîâ³òó àáî ç äíÿ ñìåðò³ çàïîâ³äà÷à)<br />
crimen, crimînis n – çëî÷èí, îáâèíóâà-<br />
÷åííÿ â çëî÷èí³; edêre crimen – ïîâ³äîìëÿòè<br />
ïðî îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ; crimen<br />
alicuius rei obiicêre – çâèíóâà÷óâàòè<br />
â áóäü-÷îìó<br />
criminalis, e – çëî÷èííèé<br />
crimînor, atus sum, ari – îáâèíóâà÷óâàòè,<br />
îááðåõàòè<br />
criminosus, a, um – îáâèíóâàëüíèé, çëî-<br />
÷èííèé<br />
crumena, ae f – ãàìàíåöü<br />
cruor, oris m – êðîâ, êðîâîïðîëèòòÿ<br />
197
crusta, ae f – íàêëàäíà àáî ìîçà¿÷íà ðîáîòà,<br />
îáëèöþâàííÿ, ïàíåëü<br />
crux, crucis m – õðåñò, ðîçï’ÿòòÿ (ñòðàòà,<br />
ùî çàñòîñîâóâàëàñÿ ïåðåâàæíî äî<br />
ðàá³â)<br />
cui, cuius – äèâ.: qui, quis<br />
cubile, is n – ëîæå<br />
cubicûlum, i n – ñïàëüíÿ<br />
culcîta, ae f – ìàòðàö<br />
culpa, ae f – íåäáàë³ñòü, ïðîâèíà; culpa<br />
lata – ãðóáà íåäáàë³ñòü<br />
cultellus, i m – í³æ, áðèòâà<br />
cultor, oris m – òîé, õòî îáðîáëÿº çåìëþ;<br />
âèõîâàòåëü; æèòåëü<br />
cultura ae f – îáðîá³òîê, îáðîáêà; â³äõ³ä<br />
I cum (ïðèéì. ç abl.) – ç (êèìîñü)<br />
II cum (quum, ñïîë.) – êîëè; òîìó ùî,<br />
îñê³ëüêè, ó òîé ÷àñ ÿê, õî÷à; cum primum<br />
– ÿê ò³ëüêè; cum … tum – ÿê …<br />
òàê<br />
cuncti, ae, a – óñ³ ðàçîì, ó ö³ëîìó, ó ñóêóïíîñò³<br />
cupîde – æàä³áíî, ç æàä³áí³ñòþ<br />
cupidîtas, atis f – ñèëüíå áàæàííÿ, ïðèñòðàñòü,<br />
æàä³áí³ñòü, æàä³áí³ñòü<br />
Cupido, înis m – Êóï³äîí (áîã ëþáîâ³,<br />
ñèí Âåíåðè)<br />
cupîdus, a, um – ïðàãíó÷èé; æàä³áíèé<br />
cupio, ivi (ii), itum, êre – æàäàòè, ïðàãíóòè,<br />
(æàãó÷å) áàæàòè<br />
cupresseus, a, um – çðîáëåíèé ç êèïàðèñà,<br />
êèïàðèñîâèé<br />
cupressus, i f – êèïàðèñ<br />
cur – íàâ³ùî<br />
cura, ae f (ç gen.) – òóðáîòà, ï³êëóâàííÿ<br />
(ïðî êîãîñü)<br />
curatio, onis f – ë³êóâàííÿ; ï³êëóâàííÿ<br />
curator, oris m – ïîïå÷èòåëü<br />
curia, ae f – êóð³ÿ (ó Äàâíüîìó Ðèì³ –<br />
îäíà ç 30 ãðîìàä, ùî ðîçä³ëÿëèñÿ íà<br />
3 òðèáè; áóä³âëÿ ðàäè, ó ÿê³é çáèðàëàñÿ<br />
êóð³ÿ, à íàäàë³ – ñåíàò)<br />
curo, avi, atum, are – ï³êëóâàòèñÿ, ë³êóâàòè<br />
curricûlum, i n – á³ã, øëÿõ, ïîïðèùå<br />
curro, cucurri, cursum, êre – á³ãòè, ïîñï³øàòè<br />
currus, us m – êîë³ñíèöÿ<br />
cursim – øâèäêî, íà á³ãó<br />
cursus, us m – á³ã, íàïðÿìîê, êóðñ<br />
curulis, e – êóðóëüíèé<br />
198<br />
custodia, ae f – îõîðîíà, óòðèìàííÿ, in<br />
custodiam dare – âçÿòòÿ ï³ä âàðòó,<br />
òðèìàííÿ ï³ä àðåøòîì<br />
custodio, ivi (ii), itum, ire – îõîðîíÿòè,<br />
îáåð³ãàòè, äîòðèìóâàòè<br />
custos, odis m (f) – ñòîðîæ, äîãëÿäà÷<br />
cyclus, i m – êîëî<br />
D<br />
D. = Decîmus – Äåö³ì; D – ï’ÿòñîò<br />
damnas = damnatus, a, um – çàñóäæåíèé<br />
damnatio, onis f – îñóä, îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ<br />
damno, avi, atum, are – çàñóäæóâàòè,<br />
ïðèñóäæóâàòè; çîáîâ’ÿçóâàòè, ïðèìóøóâàòè<br />
damnosus, a, um – øê³äëèâèé, ïàãóáíèé,<br />
ùî çàâäຠøêîäè<br />
damnum, i n – çáèòîê<br />
datio, onis f – íàäàííÿ<br />
dativus, a, um – äàíèé, ïðèçíà÷åíèé<br />
datus, a, um – äèâ.: do<br />
de (ç abl.) – ïðî, íà ï³äñòàâ³, ç, â³ä, ³ç<br />
ïðèâîäó<br />
dea, ae f – áîãèíÿ<br />
debeo, bui, bitum, ere – áóòè íàëåæíèì;<br />
ó passivum – âèïëèâàòè, ïðèºäíóâàòèñÿ;<br />
non debet – íå ïîâèííå<br />
debîlis, e – ñëàáêèé, íåì³÷íèé<br />
debîtor, oris m – áîðæíèê<br />
debîtum, i n – áîðã<br />
debui – äèâ.: debeo<br />
decedo, cessi, cessum, êre – ³òè, ¿õàòè,<br />
³òè ç æèòòÿ<br />
decem – äåñÿòü<br />
decemvir, i m – äåöåìâ³ð<br />
deceo, cui, -, ere (ç acc.) – ëè÷èòè, (÷îìóñü,<br />
êîìóñü), decet – ëè÷èòü<br />
deceptus, a, um – äèâ.: decipio<br />
decerno, crevi, cretum, êre – âèð³øóâàòè,<br />
ïîñòàíîâëÿòè<br />
decido, cidi, cisum, êre – â³äðóáóâàòè;<br />
ïîê³í÷èòè, ïðèïèíèòè<br />
decîmus, a, um – äåñÿòèé<br />
decies – äåñÿòü ðàç³â<br />
decipio, cepi, ceptum, êre – îáìàíþâàòè<br />
declaro, avi, atum, are – ïîâ³äîìëÿòè,<br />
âèÿâëÿòè, âèñëîâëþâàòè, ïðîãîëîøóâàòè<br />
decollatio, onis f – îáåçãëàâëþâàííÿ<br />
decôro, avi, atum, are – ïðèêðàøàòè,<br />
ïðîñëàâëÿòè
decrêtum, i n – äåêðåò, ð³øåííÿ<br />
decui – äèâ.: deceo<br />
decurio, ônis m – äåêóð³îí (êîìàíäèð<br />
äåêóð³¿, êàâàëåð³éñüêîãî ï³äðîçä³ëó,<br />
ùî ñêëàäàâñÿ ç äåñÿòè ÷îëîâ³ê); ÷ëåí<br />
ìóí³öèïàëüíîãî ñåíàòó<br />
decursus,us m – ïëèí, ïîò³ê<br />
decus, decôris n – êðàñà, ÷åñòü, ñëàâà<br />
dedi – äèâ.: do<br />
dediticius, a, um – òîé, ùî çäàâñÿ<br />
deduco, duxi, ductum, êre – âèâîäèòè,<br />
âåñòè, âèéìàòè, âèä³ëèòè, â³äîêðåìèòè,<br />
â³äí³ìàòè<br />
defendo, fendi, fensum, êre – çàõèùàòè,<br />
îáîðîíÿòè, äàâàòè â³äñ³÷; âèïðàâäîâóâàòè<br />
defensio, onis f – çàõèñò, â³äõèëåííÿ<br />
îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ, àïîëîã³ÿ, ïðî<strong>ìîâà</strong> ó<br />
âëàñíèé çàõèñò<br />
defensor, oris m – çàõèñíèê<br />
defensus, a, um – äèâ.: defendo<br />
defêro, tûli, latum, ferre – çíîñèòè,<br />
çí³ìàòè; íàäàâàòè, ïåðåäàâàòè<br />
deficio, fêci, fectum, êre – áóòè íåäîñòàòí³ì,<br />
íå âèñòà÷àòè; âòðàòèòè ñèëó,<br />
áóòè íåä³éñíèì<br />
definio, ivi (ii), itum, ire – âèçíà÷àòè,<br />
îáìåæóâàòè, äàâàòè âèçíà÷åííÿ<br />
definitio, onis f – âèçíà÷åííÿ<br />
defluo, fluxi, fluctum, êre – ñêèäàòè,<br />
ñïàäàòè, ñò³êàòè, îáïàäàòè<br />
defodio, fodi, fossum, êre – çàêàïóâàòè,<br />
óêîïóâàòè, çàðèâàòè<br />
deformî tas, atis f – ïîòâîðí³ñòü, êàë³öòâî<br />
defunctus, a, um – ìåðòâèé, ïîìåðëèé,<br />
ïîê³éíèé<br />
defungor, defunctus sum, fungi – çàâåðøóâàòè,<br />
çàê³í÷èòè; óìåðòè, ïî÷èòè<br />
degusto, avi, atum, are – ïðîáóâàòè, êóøòóâàòè,<br />
äåãóñòóâàòè<br />
dehonesto, avi, atum, are – ãàíüáèòè,<br />
áåç÷åñòèòè, êîìïðîìåòóâàòè, çíåñëàâèòè<br />
deiectio, onis f – ñêèäàííÿ, âèãíàííÿ;<br />
çíèæåííÿ<br />
deiectius, a, um – äèâ.: deiicio<br />
deiicio (deicio), ieci, iectum, êre – ñêèäàòè,<br />
çãàíÿòè, ïðîãàíÿòè<br />
deinceps – ïîò³ì, äàë³<br />
deinde – ïîò³ì<br />
delator, oris m – îáâèíóâà÷<br />
delectamentum, i n – çàäîâîëåííÿ, íàñîëîäà<br />
delecto, avi, atum, are – ò³øèòè, óáëàãîòâîðèòè;<br />
ïðèïàäàòè äî äóø³, ïîäîáàòèñÿ<br />
deleo, levi, letum, ere – çíèùóâàòè<br />
delibêro, avi, atum, are – çâàæóâàòè,<br />
îáì³ðêîâóâàòè, ïðèéìàòè ð³øåííÿ<br />
delibuo, bui, butum, êre – ìàçàòè, ïîêðèâàòè,<br />
óìîùóâàòè<br />
delicatus, a, um – ìèëèé, êðàñèâèé; òîíêèé,<br />
çí³æåíèé, ïðèìõëèâèé; ðîçê³øíèé<br />
delictum, i n – ïðàâîïîðóøåííÿ, ïðîâèíà,<br />
çëî÷èí, äåë³êò<br />
delitesco, delitui, -, êre – õîâàòèñÿ, òà¿òèñÿ<br />
delphîca, ae f – òðèí³æîê<br />
dem – äèâ.: do<br />
demergo, mersi, mertum, êre – ñêèäàòè,<br />
çàíóðþâàòè, ïîãëèíàòè<br />
deminuo, nui, nutum, êre – çìåíøóâàòè,<br />
óðàæàòè, îáìåæóâàòè<br />
deminutio, onis f – çìåíøåííÿ, ïðèìåíøåííÿ,<br />
îáìåæåííÿ<br />
demitto, misi, missum, êre – ñïóñêàòè,<br />
îïóñêàòè, â³äïóñêàòè, çâ³ëüíÿòè, âèïðàâäîâóâàòè;<br />
âèãàíÿòè<br />
demo, dempsi, mdemptum, êre – çí³ìàòè<br />
demolior, molitus sum, iri – ëàìàòè, âàëèòè<br />
demonstro, avi, atum, are – ïîêàçóâàòè,<br />
âêàçóâàòè<br />
demum – ñàìå; ita demum – ò³ëüêè â<br />
òîìó ðàç³, ò³ëüêè çà ò³º¿ óìîâè<br />
denarius, ii m – äåíàð³é (ðèìñüêà ìîíåòà<br />
âàðò³ñòþ ó 10 íàäàë³ â 16 àñ³â)<br />
denêgo, avi, atum, are – â³äìîâëÿòè<br />
denîque – íàðåøò³; íàâ³òü; ò³ëüêè; óçàãàë³;<br />
ñàìå<br />
dens, dentis m – çóá<br />
denutio, avi, atum, are – äàâàòè çâ³ñòêó,<br />
ïîâ³äîìëÿòè<br />
denuo – çíîâó<br />
deorsum – óíèç, óíèçó<br />
depalmo, avi, atum, are – äàâàòè ëÿïàñà,<br />
áèòè<br />
depello, pûli, pulsum, êre – ñêèäàòè, âèãàíÿòè;<br />
â³äâîäèòè<br />
depono, posui, posîtum, êre – ñêëàäàòè,<br />
â³äêëàäàòè, çäàâàòè íà çáåð³ãàííÿ<br />
199
depopûlor, atus sum, ari – ðóéíóâàòè,<br />
ñïóñòîøóâàòè, ãðàáóâàòè<br />
deportatio, onis f – âèñåëåííÿ<br />
deporto, avi, atum, are – âèñèëàòè, âèäâîðÿòè<br />
depositio, onis f – âíåñîê, â³äêëàäàííÿ<br />
deposîtum, i n – äåïîçèò, ð³÷, â³ääàíà íà<br />
çáåðåæåííÿ<br />
deposîtus, a, um – äèâ.: depono<br />
deposui – äèâ.: depono<br />
depravo, avi, atum, are – ñïîòâîðþâàòè,<br />
ïñóâàòè; ðîçóì³òè ïåðåêðó÷åíî, áà÷èòè<br />
â ïåðåêðó÷åíîìó ñâ³òë³<br />
deprêcor, atus sum, ari – ïðîñèòè, áëàãàòè,<br />
êëîïîòàòè<br />
deprehendo (deprendo), prehendi<br />
(prendi), prehensum (prensum), êre –<br />
ñõîïèòè, ï³éìàòè, çàõîïëþâàòè, çàòðèìóâàòè<br />
deprehensio, onis f – ï³éìàííÿ, çàõîïëåííÿ<br />
deprehensus, a, um – äèâ.: deprehendo<br />
depulsus, a, um – äèâ.: depello<br />
derelinquo, reliqui, relictum, êre – çàëèøàòè,<br />
çíåâàæàòè, êèäàòè<br />
derôgo, avi, atum, are (ç dat.) – (÷àñòêîâî)<br />
ñêàñîâóâàòè; îáìåæóâàòè<br />
descendo, scendi, scensum, êre – âèõîäèòè,<br />
â³äáóâàòèñÿ, âèÿâëÿòèñÿ<br />
describo, scripsi, scriptum, êre – îïèñóâàòè<br />
desêro, serui, sertum, êre – çàëèøàòè,<br />
êèäàòè<br />
desertio, onis f – çàëèøåííÿ, çíåâàãà;<br />
âòå÷à<br />
desertor, oris m – äåçåðòèð<br />
deservio, -, -, ire – ðåòåëüíî ñëóæèòè;<br />
ïðèìóøóâàòè ä³ÿòè, ä³ÿòè âèìóøåíî;<br />
ä³ÿòè ïî ðîäó ñëóæáè; ðîáèòè ïîñëóãè,<br />
ïðèñâÿòèòè ñåáå<br />
desiderium, ii n – áàæàííÿ, âèìîãà<br />
desidêro, avi, atum, are – õîò³òè, âèìàãàòè<br />
desidia, ae f – áåçä³ÿëüí³ñòü<br />
designo, avi, atum, are – ïîçíà÷àòè, ïðèçíà÷àòè,<br />
âèçíà÷àòè; âêàçóâàòè, îáèðàòè<br />
desii – äèâ.: desîno<br />
desîno, sii (sivi), sîtum, êre – ïåðåñòàâàòè,<br />
ïðèïèíÿòè<br />
desisto, stiti, stitum, êre – â³äìîâëÿòèñÿ,<br />
óõèëÿòèñÿ; â³äñòóïàòè, â³äñòóïàòèñÿ<br />
200<br />
desit – äèâ.: desum<br />
despero, avi, atum, are – â³ä÷àÿòèñÿ,<br />
ïåðåñòàòè ñïîä³âàòèñÿ, çàëèøèòè<br />
íàä³þ (ïðî ùîñü ÷è íà ùîñü)<br />
destîno, avi, atum, are – çàòâåðäæóâàòè,<br />
ïðèçíà÷àòè, âèçíà÷àòè, âèáèðàòè,<br />
íàì³÷àòè<br />
destîti – äèâ.: desisto<br />
destituo, stitui, stitutum, êre – çàëèøàòè,<br />
â³äìîâëÿòèñÿ<br />
destrictus, a, um – æîðñòîêèé, íåâáëàãàííèé<br />
destruo, struxi, structum, êre – ëàìàòè,<br />
ðóéíóâàòè<br />
desuetudo, î nis f – óòðàòà çâè÷êè,<br />
áåçä³ÿëüí³ñòü, íåâæèâàí³ñòü<br />
desum, defui, -, deesse – íå âèñòà÷àòè,<br />
áðàêóâàòè<br />
desûper – óãîð³, íàãîð³, çâåðõó<br />
detêgo, texi, tectum, êre – â³äêðèâàòè,<br />
âèÿâëÿòè; âèêðèâàòè<br />
deterior, deterius – ã³ðøèé; deteriorem<br />
facêre – ïîã³ðøóâàòè<br />
deterreo, terrui, terrîtum, ere – ëÿêàòè,<br />
â³äãàíÿòè<br />
deterrîmus, a, um – íàéã³ðøèé<br />
detestabîlis, e – ìåðçåííèé, æàõëèâèé<br />
detrâho, traxi, tractum, êre – â³äí³ìàòè,<br />
âèä³ëÿòè, âåñòè, îáìåæóâàòè<br />
detrimentum, i n – øêîäà, çáèòîê, âòðàòà<br />
detrudo, trusi, trusum, êre – ç³øòîâõóâàòè,<br />
êèäàòè, óâåðãàòè<br />
deus, dei m – áîã<br />
deverto, verti, versum, êre – çâåðòàòè,<br />
ïîâåðòàòè óá³ê, óõèëÿòèñÿ<br />
divincio, vinxi, vinctum, êre – çâ’ÿçóâàòè,<br />
ç’ºäíóâàòè, ñêð³ïëþâàòè<br />
di – äèâ.: dii<br />
diabôlus, i m – äèÿâîë<br />
diadema, atis n (diadema, ae f) – ä³àäåìà,<br />
ñèíÿ ç á³ëèì ïîâ’ÿçêà íà ò³àð³<br />
ïåðñüêèõ öàð³â<br />
dialectîca, orum n – ä³àëåêòè÷í³ ì³ðêóâàííÿ<br />
dialôgus, i m – ðîç<strong>ìîâà</strong>, áåñ³äà<br />
dico, dixi, dictum, êre – ãîâîðèòè, íàçèâàòè,<br />
ïðèçíà÷àòè; ius dicêre – òâîðèòè<br />
ñóä, ðîçáèðàòè ñïðàâó, çä³éñíþâàòè<br />
þðèñäèêö³þ; íàêàçóâàòè<br />
dicto, avi, atum, are – äèêòóâàòè, ñêëàäàòè
didîci – äèâ.: disco<br />
diduco, duxi, ductum, êre – ðîçñîâóâàòè,<br />
ðîçïîä³ëÿòè<br />
dies, ei m – äåíü, òåðì³í<br />
differentia, ae f – ðîçõîäæåííÿ, ð³çíèöÿ<br />
diffêro, distûli, dilatum, differre – â³äíîñèòè,<br />
ðîçíîñèòè; â³äñòðî÷èòè, â³äêëàäàòè;<br />
â³äð³çíÿòèñÿ<br />
difficîle – âàæêî, íàñèëó<br />
difficîlis, e – âàæêèé, ñêðóòíèé, òðóäíèé<br />
difficultas, atis f – òðóäíîù³, óòðóäíåííÿ,<br />
ñêðóòíå ñòàíîâèùå<br />
diffido, diffisus sum, diffidêre – íå<br />
äîâ³ðÿòè<br />
dignîtas, atis f – ã³äí³ñòü; ñóñï³ëüíå ñòàíîâèùå,<br />
ñòàí, ñòàòóñ<br />
di(g)nosco, (g)novi, (g)notum, êre –<br />
ðîçï³çíàâàòè, â³äð³çíÿòè<br />
dignus, a, um (ç abl.) – ã³äíèé, ùî çàñëóãîâóº<br />
(íà ùîñü)<br />
dii (di) – nom. pl. deus; dii supêri – âèù³<br />
(íåáåñí³) áîãè; dii Manes – äóø³ ïîìåðëèõ<br />
dilabor, laptus sum, labi – ðîçïàäàòèñÿ,<br />
âèñëèçàòè, ïðîïàäàòè, ãèíóòè, ³òè;<br />
âèòðà÷àòèñÿ<br />
dilatio, onis f – â³äñòðî÷êà<br />
dilectus, us m – âèá³ð<br />
dilî gens, entis – ñòàðàííèé, óâàæíèé,<br />
àêóðàòíèé<br />
diligenter – óâàæíî, ðåòåëüíî<br />
diligentia, ae f – ñòàðàíí³ñòü, óâàãà,<br />
êîï³òê³ñòü<br />
dilîgo, lexi, lectum, êre – âèñîêî ö³íóâàòè,<br />
ïîâàæàòè, ëþáèòè, ïî÷èòàòè<br />
diluo, ui, utum, êre – ïîì’ÿêøóâàòè,<br />
çì’ÿêøóâàòè, ïîñëàáëÿòè<br />
dimidium, ii n – ïîëîâèíà, ñåðåäèíà<br />
dimidius, a, um – ïîëîâèííèé, ùî ñòàíîâèòü<br />
ïîëîâèíó<br />
dimitto, misi, missum, êre – ðîçïóñêàòè,<br />
çàëèøàòè, ïðîùàòè, óïóñêàòè, çâ³ëüíÿòè<br />
dinosco, novi, notum, êre – äèâ.: dignosco<br />
Diogênes, is m – ijîãåí<br />
directarius, ii m – çëîä³é-çëîìùèê<br />
directo – ïðÿìî, áåçïîñåðåäíüî<br />
directus, a, um – ïðÿìèé, â³äâåðòèé<br />
dirîmo, emi, emptum, êre – ðîçí³ìàòè,<br />
ðîçðèâàòè, â³äðèâàòè, ïðèïèíÿòè<br />
diruo, rui, rûtum, êre – ðóéíóâàòè, çíîñèòè<br />
discedo, cessi, cessum, êre – ðîçõîäèòèñÿ,<br />
â³äîêðåìëþâàòèñÿ, ¿õàòè, ³òè, ïðîõîäèòè;<br />
ðîçâîäèòèñÿ<br />
discepto, avi, atum, are – ðîçáèðàòè,<br />
ïðîâîäèòè ðîçãëÿä, ðîçãëÿäàòè, âèð³øóâàòè<br />
discerno, crevi, cretum, êre – ðîçð³çíÿòè<br />
discessi – äèâ.: discedo<br />
discessio, onis f – ðîçá³æí³ñòü<br />
disciplina, ae f – íàâ÷àííÿ, âèõîâàííÿ,<br />
ïîðÿäîê, îðãàí³çàö³ÿ, óëàøòóâàííÿ,<br />
äèñöèïë³íà<br />
discipûlus, i m – ó÷åíü<br />
disco, didîci, -, êre – âèâ÷àòè, ó÷èòèñÿ,<br />
îñÿãàòè<br />
discordia, ae f – ñâàðêà, ðîçáðàò<br />
discriptio, onis f – ïîä³ë, ðîçïîä³ë<br />
discurro, (cu)curri, cursum, êre – á³ãàòè<br />
òóäè ³ ñþäè, ðîç’¿æäæàòè<br />
discus, i m – (êðóãëå) áëþäî<br />
discutio, cussi, cussum, êre – ðóéíóâàòè,<br />
ðîçñ³þâàòè, ñïðîñòîâóâàòè<br />
disperdo, dîdi, dîtum, êre – ìàðíóâàòè,<br />
çíèùóâàòè, ïðîìîòóâàòè<br />
dispicio, spexi, spectum, êre – ïîáà÷èòè,<br />
äîãëÿíóòè, óâàæíî ðîçãëÿäàòè, ðîçáèðàòè,<br />
îñÿãàòè<br />
dispono, posui, posîtum, êre – ðîçòàøîâóâàòè,<br />
ðîçïîä³ëÿòè, óïîðÿäêîâóâàòè,<br />
âêëþ÷àòè â ïëàíè<br />
disposîtus, a, um – ïîñë³äîâíèé<br />
dispungo, punxi, punctum, êre –<br />
ðîçì³÷àòè, ï³ääàâàòè ïåðåâ³ðö³<br />
dispulatio, onis f – áåñ³äà, ñóïåðå÷êà,<br />
ì³ðêóâàííÿ, îáãîâîðåííÿ<br />
dissensio, onis f – ðîçá³æí³ñòü, ñóïåðå÷êà<br />
dissentio, sensi, sensum, ire – íå ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ,<br />
íå óçãîäæóâàòèñÿ, íå çá³ãàòèñÿ,<br />
ðîçõîäèòèñÿ â äóìö³, âèðàæàòè<br />
íåçãîäó<br />
dissêro, serui, sertum, êre – ì³ðêóâàòè<br />
dissimîlis, e – íåñõîæèé<br />
dissimulatio, onis f – óòàþâàííÿ, óäàâàííÿ,<br />
ëèöåì³ðñòâî; çíåâàãà îáðàçîþ<br />
dissimûlo, avi, atum, are – õîâàòè, ïðèõîâóâàòè,<br />
çàõîâóâàòè<br />
dissocio, avi, atum, are – ðîç’ºäíóâàòè,<br />
â³äîêðåìëþâàòè, ðîçðèâàòè óçè; âèõîäèòè<br />
ç òîâàðèñòâà<br />
dissolvo, solvi, solutum, êre – ðîçðèâàòè<br />
dissuadeo, suasi, suasam, ere – â³äãîâîðþâàòè,<br />
ïåðåêîíóâàòè<br />
201
disto, distîti, -, are – â³äñòîÿòè, â³äð³çíÿòèñÿ,<br />
ðîçð³çíÿòèñÿ<br />
distrâho, traxi, tractum, êre – ðîçðèâàòè;<br />
ðîçïðîäàâàòè<br />
distribuo, tribui, butum, êre – ðîçïîä³ëÿòè<br />
distringo, strinxi, strictum, êre – ðîçòÿãóâàòè,<br />
â³äâîë³êàòè, ðîçïîðîøóâàòè<br />
ñèëè (àáî óâàãó)<br />
diu – äîâãî, íàäîâãî<br />
diurnus, a, um – äåííèé, ä³þ÷èé óäåíü<br />
diuturnus, a, um – òðèâàëèé, äîâãèé<br />
diversus, a, um – ïðîòèëåæíèé, ïðîòèâíèé<br />
diverto (divorto), verti (vorti), versum<br />
(vorsum), êre – ðîçõîäèòèñÿ, ðîçðèâàòè<br />
øëþá, ðîçâîäèòèñÿ<br />
dives, divîtis – áàãàòèé<br />
divîdo, visi, visum, êre – ïîä³ëÿòè, ðîçä³ëÿòè<br />
divine – áîæåñòâåííî<br />
divinus, a, um – áîæåñòâåííèé<br />
divisio, onis f – ðîçïîä³ë, ðîçä³ë<br />
divitae, arum f – áàãàòñòâî<br />
divortium, ii n – ðîçëó÷åííÿ (çà ñï³ëüíèì<br />
ð³øåííÿì)<br />
divus, a, um – áîæåñòâåííèé<br />
divus, i m – áîã<br />
dixi – äèâ.: dico<br />
do, dedi, datum, dare – äàâàòè; ðîáèòè;<br />
íàäàâàòè; ïðèçíà÷àòè<br />
doceo, cui, ctum, ere – ó÷èòè, íàâ÷àòè,<br />
íàñòàâëÿòè, ïîÿñíþâàòè, âèêëàäàòè<br />
doctrina, ae f – íàâ÷àííÿ, íàóêà<br />
doctus, a, um – ó÷åíèé, òîé, ùî çíàº,<br />
äîñâ³ä÷åíèé<br />
doleo, ui, (iturus), ere – õâîð³òè, â³ä÷óâàòè<br />
á³ëü, ñòðàæäàòè, ãîðþâàòè<br />
dolor, oris m – á³ëü, ñòðàæäàííÿ, ñêîðáîòà<br />
dolosus, a, um – õèòðèé, ëóêàâèé, ï³äñòóïíèé<br />
dolus, i m – íàì³ð, õèòð³ñòü, îáìàí; doli<br />
capax – çëî÷èííèé, çëîâìèñíèê, çäàòíèé<br />
äî çëîãî íàì³ðó<br />
domestîcus, a, um – äîìàøí³é<br />
domicilium, ii n – æèòëî, ì³ñöå ïðîæèâàííÿ<br />
Dominîcus, i n – íåä³ëÿ<br />
dominium, ii n – âëàñí³ñòü; âîëîä³ííÿ,<br />
âëàäà, ïàíóâàííÿ<br />
domî nus, i m – õàçÿ¿í, âëàñíèê, ïàí;<br />
Domînus – Ãîñïîäü<br />
202<br />
domo, mui, mîtum, are – ïðèáîðêóâàòè,<br />
óïîêîðþâàòè, îäîìàøíþâàòè, ïðèðó-<br />
÷àòè<br />
domus, us (i) f – áóäèíîê<br />
donatio, onis f – äàðóâàííÿ<br />
donec – ïîêè, ïîêè íå<br />
dono, avi, atum, are – äàðóâàòè, îáäàðîâóâàòè<br />
(÷èìîñü)<br />
donum, i n – äàðóíîê<br />
dormito, avi, atum, are – ñïàòè<br />
dorsum, i n – ñïèíà, õðåáåò<br />
dos, dotis f – ïðèäàíå; dotem dicêre –<br />
ïðèçíà÷àòè ïðèäàíå<br />
dotalis, e – òå, ùî ñòîñóºòüñÿ ïîñàãó, ùî<br />
âõîäèòü ó ïðèäàíå<br />
dubie – ñóìí³âíî<br />
dubitatio, onis f – ñóìí³â<br />
dubîto, avi, atum, are – ñóìí³âàòèñÿ<br />
dubium, ii n – ñóìí³â<br />
dubius, a, um – ñóìí³âíèé, ùî âèêëèêàº<br />
ñóìí³â; ùî âèêëèêຠïîáîþâàííÿ;<br />
íåáåçïå÷íèé<br />
ducenti – äâ³ñò³<br />
duco, duci, ductum, êre – âåñòè; uxorem<br />
ducêre – æåíèòèñÿ, áðàòè â äðóæèíè<br />
dulcedo, înis f – íàñîëîäà, ïðèíàäí³ñòü<br />
dulcis, e – ñîëîäêèé, ïðèºìíèé<br />
dum – ïîêè, ïîêè íå<br />
dummôdo – ÿêùî ò³ëüêè<br />
dumtaxat – ò³ëüêè, ñàìå, êîíêðåòíî,<br />
ïðèíàéìí³, õî÷à á<br />
duo, ae, o – äâà<br />
duodêcim – äâàíàäöÿòü<br />
duodecîmus, a, um – äâàíàäöÿòèé<br />
duodeviginti – â³ñ³ìíàäöÿòü<br />
duplex, îcis – ïîäâ³éíèé, äâîÿêèé<br />
duritia, ae f – òâåðä³ñòü, íåâðàçëèâ³ñòü<br />
durus, a, um – æîðñòîêèé, òÿæêèé, ñóâîðèé,<br />
âàæêèé<br />
duumvir, i m – äóóìâ³ð<br />
duumviratus, us m – äóóìâ³ðàò (çâàííÿ<br />
àáî ã³äí³ñòü äóóìâ³ðà)<br />
dux, ducis m – âîæäü, ïðàâèòåëü, ïîëêîâîäåöü<br />
E<br />
e [ex] (ç abl.) – ç, íà ï³äñòàâ³, ïî, â³ä<br />
ea – äèâ.: is<br />
eam – äèâ.: eo<br />
eblandior, itus sum, iri – äîñÿãàòè ëåñòîùàìè;<br />
çâàáëþâàòè, âèìàíþâàòè ëàñêîþ
ebriêtas, atis f – ñï’ÿí³ííÿ<br />
ebriosus, a, um – ïèòóùèé, ùî âèïèâàº,<br />
ñõèëüíèé äî ïèÿöòâà<br />
ebrius, a, um – ï’ÿíèé<br />
ecce – îò, ³ îò<br />
ecclesia, ae f – çáîðè, ãðîìàäà, öåðêâà<br />
edico, dixi, dictum, êre – âèäàâàòè íàêàçè,<br />
ðîçïîðÿäæàòèñÿ<br />
edictum, i n – åäèêò; edictum perpetuum<br />
– åäèêò íà âåñü òåðì³í, àáî ïîñò³éíèé;<br />
åäèêò (âèäàâàâñÿ ïðåòîðîì ïðè<br />
âñòóï³ íà ïîñàäó ³ ì³ñòèâ ïðîãðàìó<br />
éîãî ñëóæáîâî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³)<br />
edo, dîdi, dîtum, êre – âèäàâàòè, ïîâ³äîìëÿòè,<br />
äåìîíñòðóâàòè<br />
edo, edi, esum (essum), edêre (esse) –<br />
¿ñòè<br />
educatio, onis f – âèõîâàííÿ<br />
educo, duxi, ductum, êre – âèâîäèòè<br />
effectium – âèùîþ ì³ðîþ, çàíàäòî, íàäòî<br />
effectus, us m – âèêîíàííÿ, ä³ÿ, çä³éñíåííÿ,<br />
ðåàë³çàö³ÿ; åôåêò, ðåçóëüòàò<br />
efficio, feci, fectum, êre – ðîáèòè, óñòàíîâëþâàòè,<br />
âèãîòîâëÿòè; çä³éñíþâàòè,<br />
âèêîíóâàòè<br />
effigies, ei f – îáðàç, çîáðàæåííÿ<br />
effractor, oris m – çëîìùèê<br />
effractura, ae f – çëîì, êðàä³æêà ç³ çëîìîì<br />
effringo, fregi, fractum, êre – âèëàìóâàòè,<br />
çëàìóâàòè<br />
effugio, fugi, fugiturus, êre – óíèêàòè<br />
effundo (ecfundo), effundi, fusum, êre –<br />
ïðîëèâàòè, îáðóøóâàòè<br />
egens, entis – á³äíèé, íåçàìîæíèé<br />
egeo, ui, -, ere – á³äóâàòè, áóòè ïîçáàâëåíèì<br />
egestas, atis f – íåñòàòîê, óáîã³ñòü,<br />
á³äí³ñòü, íåâèñòà÷àííÿ çàñîá³â<br />
egi – äèâ.: ago<br />
ego – ÿ<br />
egredior, gressus sum, grêdi – âèñóâàòèñÿ,<br />
âèõîäèòè çà ìåæ³, âèñòóïàòè, ïåðåâåðøóâàòè<br />
egregie – äóæå, íàäçâè÷àéíî<br />
egui – äèâ.: egeo<br />
ei, eus – äèâ.: is<br />
eidem, eiusdem – äèâ.: idem<br />
eiusmôdi – ó öüîìó ðîä³; òî÷íî òàê ñàìî<br />
electus, a, um – äèâ.: elîgo<br />
eleganter – äîá³ðíî, âèøóêàíî; äîòåïíî<br />
elîgo, legi, lectum, êre – îáèðàòè, âèáèðàòè,<br />
ðîáèòè îáðàíöåì<br />
eloquenter – êðàñíîìîâíî<br />
eloquentia, ae f – êðàñíîìîâñòâî<br />
elugeo, luxi, -, ere – íîñèòè æàëîáó; íå<br />
ïëàêàòè á³ëüøå<br />
emancipatio, onis f – åìàíöèïàö³ÿ (âèõ³ä<br />
ç-ï³ä âëàäè áàòüêà ñ³ìåéñòâà)<br />
emancîpo, avi, atum, are – çâ³ëüíÿòè çï³ä<br />
áàòüê³âñüêî¿ îï³êè, åìàíöèïóâàòè<br />
emaneo, mansi, mansum, ere – çàëèøàòèñÿ<br />
îñòîðîíü, â³ääàëÿòèñÿ, íå ïîâåðíóòèñÿ<br />
emansor, oris m – ñîëäàò, ùî çàëèøèâ<br />
ñâ³é ï³äðîçä³ë (ç íàì³ðîì ïîâåðíóòèñÿ)<br />
embamma, ae f – îöòîâà ï³äëèâà<br />
emendo, avi, atum, are – âèïðàâëÿòè,<br />
ë³êóâàòè<br />
emerîtum, i n – ñîëäàòñüêà ïåíñ³ÿ çà âèñëóãó<br />
ðîê³â<br />
emitto, misi, missum, êre – ïîñèëàòè,<br />
âèñèëàòè, âèïóñêàòè; âèêèäàòè<br />
emo, emi, emptum, emêre – êóïóâàòè<br />
emptio, onis f – êóï³âëÿ, ïîêóïêà<br />
emptor, oris m – ïîêóïåöü<br />
enascor, natus sum, nasci – âèðîñòàòè,<br />
âèíèêàòè<br />
enim – àäæå, òîìó ùî, ä³éñíî<br />
enimvêro – àäæå, ñïðàâä³<br />
enitor, nisus (nixus) sum, niti – âèáèðàòèñÿ,<br />
äîáèðàòèñÿ; ðîäèòè<br />
enumêro, avi, atum, are – ïåðåë³÷óâàòè<br />
enuntio, avi, atum, are – ñïîâ³ùàòè,<br />
â³äêðèâàòè, ðîáèòè ñï³ëüíèì íàäáàííÿì<br />
eo, ii (ivi), itum, ire – éòè<br />
ephippium, ii n – ïîïîíà, ÷åïðàê, ñ³äëî<br />
epistûla (epistôla), ae f – ëèñò<br />
epitonion, ii n – êðàí (òðóáè)<br />
equa, ae f – êîáèëà<br />
eques, îtis m – âåðøíèê<br />
equîdem – ä³éñíî, ñïðàâä³<br />
equus, i m – ê³íü<br />
erado, rasi, rasum, êre – â³äñêð³áàòè,<br />
ç³ñêð³áàòè, ñòèðàòè, çíèùóâàòè<br />
eram, ero – äèâ.: sum<br />
ercisco – äèâ.: hercisco<br />
ereptorius, a, um – ùî ï³äëÿãຠâèëó÷åííþ<br />
ergo – òàê, îòæå, çíà÷èòü<br />
eris, erit – äèâ.: sum<br />
erodo, rosi, rosum, êre – çãðèçàòè<br />
erro, avi, atum, are – ïîìèëÿòèñÿ<br />
203
error, oris m – â³äõèëåííÿ â³ä ïðàâèëüíîãî<br />
øëÿõó, ïðîìàõ, ïîìèëêà, îìàíà;<br />
error nomînis – ïîìèëêà (íåòî÷í³ñòü)<br />
ó íàçâ³<br />
erubesco, rubui, -, êre – ÷åðâîí³òè, ñîðîìèòèñÿ<br />
erumpo, rupi, ruptum, êre – âèðèâàòèñÿ<br />
eruo, rui, rûtum, êre – âèêîïóâàòè,<br />
â³äøóêóâàòè, ç’ÿñîâóâàòè<br />
et – ³<br />
etênim – òîìó ùî, àäæå<br />
ethnîcus, i m – ïîãàíèí, ÿçè÷íèê<br />
etiam – òàêîæ, íàâ³òü<br />
etiamnunc – íàâ³òü ³ òåïåð, óñå ùå; ùå<br />
etiamsi – íàâ³òü ÿêùî, õî÷à á ³<br />
etsi – íàâ³òü ÿêùî, õî÷à, äàðìà ùî<br />
evado, vasi, vasum, êre – âèñëèçàòè,<br />
óòåêòè, óíèêíóòè, âðÿòóâàòèñÿ<br />
evenio, veni, ventum, ire – â³äáóâàòèñÿ,<br />
òðàïëÿòèñÿ<br />
eventualis, e – ïðèâõ³äíèé; âèïàäêîâèé<br />
eventus, us m – ðåçóëüòàò<br />
everto, verti, versum, êre – ïåðåêèäàòè,<br />
ïåðåâåðòàòè, ñêèäàòè<br />
evîdens, entis – ïîì³òíèé, î÷åâèäíèé<br />
evidenter – î÷åâèäíî, ÿâíî<br />
evito, avi, atum, are – óíèêàòè<br />
evôco, avi, atum, are – âèêëèêàòè, çàïðîøóâàòè<br />
evolvo, volvi (volui), volutum, êre –<br />
ðîçâåðòàòè<br />
ex = e<br />
exactus, a, um – äèâ.: exîgo; íàëåæíèé<br />
exaequo, avi, atum, are – ð³âíÿòè,<br />
çð³âíþâàòè ç ÷èì-íåáóäü<br />
examî no, avi, atum, are – çâàæóâàòè,<br />
âèïðîáóâàòè<br />
exanî mo, avi, atum, are – ïîçáàâëÿòè<br />
æèòòÿ, óìåðòâëÿòè<br />
exauctoro, avi, atum, are – çâ³ëüíÿòè ç<br />
â³éñüêîâî¿ ñëóæáè<br />
exaudio,ivi (ii), itum, ire – ðîç÷óòè<br />
excandesco, dui, -, êre – ðîçï³êàòèñÿ<br />
ãí³âîì, ãí³âàòèñÿ, äðàòóâàòèñÿ<br />
excedo, cessi, cessum, êre – ï³òè, âè¿õàòè,<br />
çàëèøèòè; ïåðåâåðøóâàòè, ïåðåñòóïèòè<br />
excelsus,a, um – âèñîêèé, âèäàòíèé,<br />
âèñîêîïîñòàâëåíèé<br />
excellens, entis – âèñîêèé; ÷óäîâèé<br />
exceptio, onis f – âèíÿòîê, çàïåðå÷åííÿ,<br />
204<br />
åêñöåïö³ÿ: ïðîöåñóàëüíå çàñòåðåæåííÿ,<br />
çà äîïîìîãîþ ÿêîãî â³äïîâ³äà÷<br />
äîìàãàºòüñÿ âèçíàííÿ âèìîã ïîçèâà-<br />
÷à íåïðàâîì³ðíèìè àáî ï³äòâåðäæåííÿ<br />
ñâîãî ïðàâà íå â³äïîâ³äàòè çà ÿêèìîñü<br />
çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿì<br />
excerto, cerpsi, cerptum, êre – âèáèðàòè<br />
excerptum, i n – óðèâîê<br />
excîdo, cîdi, -, êre – óïóñòèòè<br />
excio,ivi (ii), itum, ire – çáóäæóâàòè, çàëó÷àòè<br />
excipio, cepi, ceptum, êre – âèéìàòè,<br />
âèêëþ÷àòè<br />
excubatio, onis f – íåñåííÿ âàðòè, ñòîÿííÿ<br />
íà ñòîðîæ³; îõîðîíà<br />
excubiae, arum f – îõîðîíà<br />
excusatio, onis f – âèáà÷åííÿ, âèïðàâäàííÿ<br />
excuso, avi, atum, are – âèáà÷àòè,<br />
çâ³ëüíÿòè<br />
excutio, cussi, cussum, êre – îáòðóøóâàòè,<br />
â³äêèäàòè; ïåðåáèðàòè, äîñë³äæóâàòè,<br />
ðîçáèðàòè<br />
exegi – äèâ.: exîgo<br />
exemplar, aris n – çðàçîê<br />
exemplum, i n – çðàçîê, ïðèêëàä, ïðåöåäåíò,<br />
çàñòåðåæåííÿ, ïîêàçîâå ïîêàðàííÿ<br />
exeo, ii (î vi), î tum, ire – âèõîäèòè;<br />
çàê³í÷óâàòèñÿ, âèñèõàòè<br />
exerceo, cui, cîtum, ere – ðóõàòè, íàäàâàòè<br />
ðóõó; íå äàâàòè ñïîêîþ, âïðàâëÿòè;<br />
â³ääàâàòèñÿ (÷îìóñü); óïîêîðþâàòè,<br />
ñòðèìóâàòè, ïðèáîðêóâàòè; ðîáèòè;<br />
ñíóâàòè, âåñòè (ñë³äñòâî)<br />
exercî to, avi, atum, are – âïðàâëÿòè,<br />
íàâ÷àòè, çàéìàòè<br />
exercîtor, oris m – âëàñíèê<br />
exercîtus, us m – â³éñüêî<br />
exheredo, avi, atum, are – ïîçáàâëÿòè<br />
ñïàäùèíè, âèêëþ÷àòè ç ÷èñëà ñïàäêîºìö³â<br />
exhibeo, bui, bîtum, ere – ïîêàçóâàòè,<br />
äåìîíñòðóâàòè, âèÿâëÿòè; äîñòàâëÿòè<br />
äî ñóäó, ïðåä’ÿâëÿòè â ñóä³<br />
exhibitio, onis f – ïîêàç, äåìîíñòðàö³ÿ,<br />
ïðåä’ÿâëåííÿ â ñóä³<br />
exhortatio, onis f – çàîõî÷åííÿ<br />
exîgo, egi, actum, êre – âèìàãàòè, ñòÿãóâàòè;<br />
âèãàíÿòè; ïðîâîäèòè; óñòàíîâëþâàòè,<br />
ðîáèòè; ïðèéìàòè; exacta
diligentia – íàëåæíà óâàãà<br />
exiguus, a, um – ìàëèé, íåçíà÷íèé<br />
exilium, ii n – âèãíàííÿ<br />
eximius, a, um – âèíÿòêîâèé, çäàòíèé,<br />
â³äì³ííèé<br />
exî mo, emi, emptum, êre – âèäàëÿòè,<br />
óñóâàòè<br />
existimatio, onis f – îö³íêà, ðåïóòàö³ÿ;<br />
ñóäæåííÿ, äóìêà<br />
existimator, oris m – ñóääÿ, çíàâåöü,<br />
ö³íèòåëü<br />
existîmo, avi, atum, are – äóìàòè, ââàæàòè,<br />
ãàäàòè, ñóäèòè, ðîçö³íþâàòè<br />
existo – äèâ.: exsisto<br />
exôdus, i f – ðåçóëüòàò<br />
exoletus, a, um – ùî âèéøîâ ³ç óæèâàííÿ;<br />
ðîçïóñíèé<br />
exorcizo, -, -, are – âèãàíÿòè äóõ³â (á³ñ³â,<br />
äåìîí³â)<br />
expedio, ivi (ii), itum, ire – ðîçïëóòóâàòè,<br />
äîïîìàãàòè, íàëàãîäæóâàòè;<br />
expêdit – êîðèñíî, âèã³äíî, äîáðå<br />
expello, pûli, pulsum, êre – ãíàòè, âèãàíÿòè<br />
expendo, pendi, pensum, êre – çâàæóâàòè;<br />
âèïëà÷óâàòè; îáãîâîðþâàòè<br />
expensa, ae f – âèòðàòà<br />
experientia, ae f – äîñâ³ä, äîñâ³ä÷åí³ñòü<br />
experimentum, i n – äîñâ³ä, ïðàêòèêà<br />
expergistor, perrectus sum, pergisci –<br />
ïðîñèïàòèñÿ, ïðîáóäæóâàòèñÿ,<br />
ï³äíåñòèñÿ äóõîì<br />
experior, pertus sum, iri – ïðîáóâàòè,<br />
äîñë³äæóâàòè, ç’ÿñîâóâàòè, äîìàãàòèñÿ,<br />
ïîçèâàòè<br />
expilator, oris m – ãðàá³æíèê, ðîçêðàäà÷<br />
expleo, evi, etum, ere – íàïîâíÿòè, çàéìàòè,<br />
äîïîâíþâàòè; äîñÿãàòè<br />
explesset = explevisset (3 îñîáà sing.<br />
plusquamperf. coniunc. äî expleo)<br />
explî co, avi, atum, are – ðîçãîðòàòè,<br />
ïîÿñíþâàòè, çä³éñíþâàòè<br />
exploratio, onis f – ðîçâ³äêà<br />
exploro, avi, atum, are – äîñë³äæóâàòè,<br />
âèâ÷àòè<br />
expono, posui, posîtum, êre – âèêëàäàòè;<br />
âèñòàâëÿòè íàïîêàç, ï³äêèíóòè<br />
expressim – ÿâíî, ³ç óñ³ºþ î÷åâèäí³ñòþ<br />
expressus, a, um – äèâ.: exprîmo<br />
exprî mo, pressi, pressum, êre – âè÷àâëþâàòè,<br />
âèäàâëþâàòè; âèðàæàòè, âèêàçóâàòè,<br />
îáìîâëÿòè<br />
expugno, avi, atum, are – çàâîéîâóâàòè,<br />
áðàòè ïðèñòóïîì<br />
exquiro, quisivi, quisitum, êre – âèøóêóâàòè,<br />
äîñë³äæóâàòè<br />
exsecutor, oris m – âèêîíàâåöü<br />
excilium, ii n – âèãíàííÿ, ì³ñöå çàñëàííÿ<br />
exsisto (existo), exstîti (extî ti), -, êre –<br />
ñòàâàòè, âèÿâëÿòèñÿ, âèíèêàòè, âèñòóïàòè,<br />
ïîêàçóâàòèñÿ, ³ñíóâàòè<br />
exsolvo, solvi, solutum, êre – çâ³ëüíÿòè;<br />
âèïëà÷óâàòè, ñïëàòèòè, ðîçðàõîâóâàòèñÿ<br />
(ç êèì-íåáóäü)<br />
exspectatio, onis f – ÷åêàííÿ<br />
exspecto, avi, atum, are – ÷åêàòè, î÷³êóâàòè;<br />
ïðèïóñêàòè<br />
exstinguo, stinxi, stinctum, êre – âèïóñêàòè,<br />
âèäàâàòè, ïðèïèíÿòè, ïîçáàâëÿòè<br />
ä³éñíî¿ ñèëè<br />
exstîti – äèâ.: exsisto<br />
exsto, -, -, are – âèäàâàòèñÿ, áóòè, ³ñíóâàòè<br />
exsul, exsûlis m – çàñëàíèé, âèãíàíåöü<br />
exsurgo, surrexi, surrectum, êre – ïîâñòàâàòè<br />
exsuscî to, avi, atum, are – ï³äí³ìàòè,<br />
áóäèòè<br />
extendo, tendi, tentum (tensum), êre –<br />
ïîøèðþâàòè, ï³äíîñèòè, íàïðàâëÿòè<br />
externus, a, um – çîâí³øí³é; ³íîçåìíèé<br />
extinguo (exstinguo), stinxi, stinctum,<br />
êre – ïðèäóøèòè, çíåøêîäèòè, óãàìóâàòè,<br />
óáèòè<br />
extollo, extûli, -, êre – ï³äí³ìàòè<br />
extorqueo, torsi, tortum, ere – âèðèâàòè,<br />
âèìàãàòè, âèïèòóâàòè<br />
extra (ç acc.) – ïîçà, êð³ì; extra<br />
ordînem – ó ïîðÿäêó åêñòðàîðäèíàðíîãî<br />
ñóäî÷èíñòâà<br />
extrâho, traxi, tractum, êre – âèéìàòè,<br />
âèòÿãàòè, íàñèëüíî âèâîäèòè<br />
extraneus, a, um – ñòîðîíí³é, ÷óæèé;<br />
ïîçàñ³ìåéíèé<br />
extraordinarius, a, um – îñîáëèâèé,<br />
íàäçâè÷àéíèé<br />
extremus, a, um – êðàéí³é, ê³íöåâèé;<br />
íàäçâè÷àéíèé<br />
extrinsêcus – ççîâí³; êð³ì òîãî, ïîíàä òå<br />
exuo, ui, utum, êre – âèéìàòè, çí³ìàòè;<br />
exuêre se (ç abl.) – çí³ìàòè ³ç ñåáå,<br />
âèêðèâàòèñÿ<br />
evinco, vici, victum, êre – ïåðåìàãàòè,<br />
äîëàòè<br />
205
206<br />
F<br />
faber, fabri m – ìàéñòåð, ðåì³ñíèê, õóäîæíèê<br />
fabrî ca, ae f – ðåìåñëî, ìàéñòåðí³ñòü,<br />
ìèñòåöòâî<br />
fabrîco, avi, atum, are – ðîáèòè, ë³ïèòè,<br />
êóâàòè, ñïîðóäæóâàòè, ôîðìóâàòè<br />
fabûla, ae f – ïîãîëîñêà, êàçêà, áàéêà<br />
facetia, ae f – æàðò, äîòåï<br />
facetus, a, um – òîíêèé, äîòåïíèé, çàáàâíèé<br />
facies, ei f – îñîáà<br />
facîle – ëåãêî, ç ëåãê³ñòþ<br />
facîlis, e – ëåãêèé; äîñòóïíèé<br />
facinorosus, a, um – çëî÷èííèé, ùî ìàº<br />
çëî÷èíí³ ñõèëüíîñò³<br />
facînus, ôris m – ä³ÿííÿ, ñïðàâà, â÷èíîê;<br />
publî cum facînus – ñóñï³ëüíèé çëî-<br />
÷èí<br />
facio, feci, factum, êre – ðîáèòè, íàäõîäèòè<br />
factio, onis f – ä³ÿ; ïðàâîìî÷í³ñòü; ïàðò³ÿ<br />
factum, i n – ä³ÿ, ñïðàâà, â÷èíîê; ïîä³ÿ;<br />
[actio] in factum – [ïîçîâ] íà âèïàäîê<br />
(äèâ.: actio)<br />
factus, a, um – äèâ.: fio; factus, a, um –<br />
îáðîáëåíèé<br />
facultas, atis f – ìîæëèâ³ñòü; çäàòí³ñòü,<br />
äàðóíîê; çàïàñ, áàãàòñòâî; facultates<br />
– ìàéíî, çàñîáè<br />
facundia, ae f – êðàñíîìîâñòâî<br />
facundus, a, um – êðàñíîìîâíèé, ùî<br />
â쳺 ãîâîðèòè<br />
faenebris (fenebris), e – ïðîöåíòíèé;<br />
pecunia faenebris – ãðîø³, äàí³ â áîðã<br />
ï³ä â³äñîòêè<br />
faeneratrix, tricis f – ëèõâàðêà<br />
faenus (fenus), ôris n – áàðèø, â³äñîòîê<br />
íà ïîçè÷êó, ïîçè÷êîâèé êàï³òàë<br />
fallacia, ae f – îáìàí, ï³äñòóï, ïëóòíÿ<br />
fallacîter – îøóêóâàòè, îáäóðþâàòè<br />
fallo, fefelli, falsum, êre – ââîäèòè â îìàíó,<br />
îáìàíþâàòè, çáèâàòè ç³ ñë³äó<br />
falsarius, i m – ôàëüñèô³êàòîð<br />
falso – áðåõëèâî, íåïðàâäèâî<br />
falsum, i n – íåïðàâäà, îáìàí<br />
falsus, a, um – ïîìèëêîâèé<br />
fama, ae f – ïîãîëîñ, ðåïóòàö³ÿ<br />
fames, is f – ãîëîä<br />
familia, ae f – ðîäèíà; ìàéíî; familias –<br />
àðõà¿÷íà ôîðìà gen. sing.<br />
familiaris, e – äîìàøí³é, ñ³ìåéíèé;<br />
äðóæí³é; res familiaris – ñòàí, ìàºòîê,<br />
ìàéíî<br />
familiarî tas, atis f – áëèçüê³ñòü,<br />
ñïîð³äíåííÿ<br />
familiarîter – áëèçüêî, ґðóíòîâíî<br />
famosus, a, um – ãàíåáíèé, çáåç÷åùåíèé;<br />
ùî ãàíüáèòü, ïàñêâ³ëüíèé<br />
fans, fantis – ùî ñïîâ³ùàº<br />
farreus, a, um – ïîëáÿíèé<br />
fastidio, ivi (ii), itum, ire – âèïðîáóâàòè<br />
â³äðàçó, ³ç ïðåçèðñòâîì â³äêèäàòè;<br />
áóòè íåçàäîâîëåíèì, âåðåäóâàòè<br />
fastus, a, um – ñóäîâèé, â³äêðèòèé äëÿ<br />
ñóäîâèõ çàñ³äàíü<br />
fata, orum n = fatum, i n – äîëÿ<br />
fateor, fasus sum, fateri – âèçíàâàòè<br />
faveo, favi, fautum, ere – ñïðèÿòè, ïðàãíóòè<br />
favor, ôris f – ïðèõèëüí³ñòü, äîáðîçè÷ëèâ³ñòü<br />
favorabîlis, e – ùî êîðèñòóºòüñÿ ïîëîæåííÿì,<br />
ùî ïåðåáóâຠó âèã³äíîìó<br />
ñòàíîâèù³<br />
febris, is f – ëèõîìàíêà<br />
februum, i n – îáðÿä î÷èùåííÿ (ñïîêóòè)<br />
feci – äèâ.: facio<br />
felicîtas, atis f – ùàñòÿ<br />
felix, felicis – ùàñëèâèé<br />
femîna, ae f – æ³íêà<br />
femininus, a, um – æ³íî÷èé<br />
fenêro, avi, atum, are – ïîçè÷àòè ï³ä<br />
â³äñîòêè, ëèõâàðþâàòè, îòðèìóâàòè<br />
êîðèñòü<br />
fenestra, ae f – â³êíî<br />
fere – ìàéæå, ïðèáëèçíî, óìîâíî<br />
ferens, ferentis – íåñó÷èé<br />
fero, tuli, latum, ferre – íåñòè, âíîñèòè;<br />
âèäàâàòè; ïåðåíîñèòè, òåðï³òè;<br />
ïîâ³äîìëÿòè, ðîçïîâ³äàòè<br />
ferrum, i n – çàë³çî; çáðîÿ, ìå÷<br />
ferus, a, um – äèêèé, ãðóáèé, ëþòèé,<br />
æîðñòîêèé<br />
festino, avi, atum, are – êâàïèòèñÿ,<br />
ïîñï³øàòè<br />
fetus, us m – ïîðîäæåííÿ, âðîæàé, íàùàäêè,<br />
ïëîäè<br />
ficte – óäàâàíî<br />
fideicommito, -, -, êre – çàïîâ³äàòè ó âèä³<br />
ô³äå¿êîì³ñó
fideiubeo, iussi, iussum, ere – âèñòóïàòè<br />
ÿê ïîðó÷èòåëü, ðó÷àòèñÿ<br />
fideiussor, oris m – ïîðó÷èòåëü, ãàðàíò<br />
fidelîter – íàïåâíî, íàä³éíî, ì³öíî<br />
fides, ei f – â³ðà, â³ðí³ñòü, â³ðîã³äí³ñòü,<br />
ñóìë³íí³ñòü, ðåïóòàö³ÿ, äîâ³ðà; bona<br />
fides – äîáðîïîðÿäí³ñòü; fidem dicêre –<br />
äîðó÷àòèñÿ; fidem habere – äîâ³ðÿòè<br />
fiducia, ae f – íàä³éí³ñòü, óïåâíåí³ñòü,<br />
âïåâíåí³ñòü ó ñîá³<br />
fiêri – äèâ.: fio<br />
figura, ae f – çîâí³øí³ñòü, ô³ãóðà, âèä<br />
figuro, avi, atum, are – óòâîðþâàòè,<br />
ôîðìóâàòè; ä³ÿòè, çîáðàæóâàòè<br />
filia, ae f – äî÷êà<br />
filiôla, ae f – äî÷êà, äîíÿ<br />
filius, ii m – ñèí<br />
finalis, e – ãðàíè÷íèé, ê³íöåâèé; ö³ëüîâèé<br />
fingo, finxi, fictum, êre – äîòîðêàòèñÿ,<br />
ãëàäèòè; óÿâëÿòè, âèäóìóâàòè, âèãàäóâàòè;<br />
çîáðàæóâàòè<br />
finio, ivi (ii), itum, ire – ê³í÷àòè, çàâåðøóâàòè;<br />
âèçíà÷àòè<br />
finis, is m – ê³íåöü, ìåæà, ðàìêà, çàâåðøåííÿ<br />
finitus, a, um – äèâ.: finio<br />
fio, factum sum, fiêri – ðîáèòèñÿ, ñòàâàòè,<br />
âèíèêàòè, â³äáóâàòèñÿ<br />
firmo, avi, atum, are – çàòâåðäæóâàòè,<br />
çì³öíþâàòè, çàêð³ïëþâàòè<br />
firmus, a, um – ì³öíèé, òâåðäèé,<br />
íàä³éíèé, â³ðíèé, ùî ìຠä³éñíó ñèëó<br />
fiscalis, e – ô³ñêàëüíèé, êàçíà÷åéñüêèé,<br />
ïîâ’ÿçàíèé ç ³íòåðåñàìè ñêàðáíèö³<br />
fistûla, ae f – òðóáà, ñâèù<br />
flamen, înis m – ôëàì³í, æðåöü<br />
fleo, flevi, fletum, ere – ïëàêàòè<br />
fletus, us m – ïëà÷<br />
flexus, us m – âèãèí, ïîâîðîò<br />
floreo, ui, -, ere – öâ³ñòè<br />
flos, floris m – êâ³òêà, öâ³ò, öâ³ò³ííÿ<br />
flumen, înis n – ð³êà, ïîò³ê<br />
fluo, fluxi, fluctum, êre – òåêòè, ëèòèñÿ,<br />
ïðîò³êàòè, ïðîõîäèòè<br />
fodio, fodi, fossum, êre – êîïàòè, ðèòè,<br />
äîáóâàòè<br />
foedus, a, um – ãàíåáíèé<br />
foedus, êris n – óãîäà, äîãîâ³ð; çàïîâ³ò<br />
folium, ii n – ëèñò<br />
for, fatus sum, fari – ñïîâ³ùàòè, ïðîðîêóâàòè<br />
foras – íàçîâí³, çîâí³<br />
fore – inf. fut. â³ä esse<br />
forem = essem<br />
forensis, e – ñóñï³ëüíèé; ñóäîâèé; ðèíêîâèé<br />
I foris – ïîçà áóäèíêîì<br />
II foris, is f – äâåð³, âîðîòà<br />
forma, ae f – ôîðìà, íîðìà, ïðàâèëî,<br />
çîâí³øí³ñòü, âèä, îáðàç; forma<br />
publîca – äåðæàâíå êàðáóâàííÿ<br />
formalis, e – ôîðìàëüíèé, ñêëàäåíèé çà<br />
ôîðìîþ<br />
formido, înis f – ñòðàõ, æàõ<br />
formo, avi, atum, are – äîäàâàòè ôîðìó,<br />
óòâîðþâàòè, ôîðìóâàòè<br />
formosus, a, um – ñòðóíêèé, êðàñèâèé<br />
formûla, ae f – ôîðìóëà (ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ,<br />
ùî íàïðàâëÿºòüñÿ ïîñàäîâîþ îñîáîþ;<br />
ôîðìóëà ì³ñòèëà âêàç³âêó íà<br />
îáñòàâèíè é óìîâè, çà ÿêèõ ñóääÿ ì³ã<br />
âèíåñòè òå àáî ³íøå ð³øåííÿ)<br />
fors, forte f (çóñòð³÷àþòüñÿ ò³ëüêè ôîðìè<br />
nom. ÷è abl. sing.) – âèïàäîê<br />
forsîtan = fortassis<br />
fortasse – ìîæëèâî, ìîæå áóòè<br />
fortassis (forsitan) – ìàáóòü, ìîæå áóòè<br />
forte – âèïàäêîâî, ìîæëèâî, ìàáóòü<br />
fortis, e – ì³öíèé, òâåðäèé, ìîãóòí³é,<br />
ìóæí³é<br />
fortîter – ì³öíî, ñèëüíî, ìóæíüî, çàâçÿòî<br />
fortuîto – âèïàäêîâî<br />
fortuîtus, a, um – âèïàäêîâèé<br />
fortuna, ae f – äîëÿ, óäà÷à<br />
fortunae, arum f – ìàéíî, ñòàí<br />
forum, i n – ôîðóì, ðèíêîâà ïëîùà; ñóä<br />
fossatum, i n – ð³â<br />
foveo, fovi, fotum, ere – ãð³òè, çáåð³ãàòè,<br />
ñïðèÿòè, ï³äòðèìóâàòè<br />
fragîlis, e – òåíä³òíèé, ëàìêèé; õèáêèé,<br />
íåì³öíèé<br />
frango, fregi, fractum, êre – ëàìàòè,<br />
ðóéíóâàòè, ðîçáèâàòè, òðîùèòè<br />
frater, fratris m – áðàò<br />
fraudo, avi, atum, are – îáìàíþâàòè<br />
fraudulosus, a, um – îáëóäíèé, øàõðàéñüêèé<br />
fraus, fraudis f – îáìàí, íåïðàâäà; in<br />
fraudem – äëÿ îáìàíó, â îáõ³ä<br />
fremo, ui, (îtum), êre – øóì³òè<br />
frenum, i n – âóçäå÷êà, â³æêè; êåðìî<br />
207
frequens, entis – ÷àñòèé, çâè÷àéíèé, áàãàòîëþäíèé,<br />
ïîæâàâëåíèé; ùî íå ïðèïèíÿºòüñÿ,<br />
ïîñò³éíèé; øèðîêî ÷èñëåííèé<br />
frequenter – ÷àñòî, áàãàòîðàçîâî<br />
frequentia, ae f – ÷èñëåíí³ñòü, þðáà; ñóïðîâ³ä,<br />
ïðèñóòí³ñòü, íåâ³äñòóïíå<br />
ñë³äóâàííÿ<br />
frequento, avi, atum, are – â³äâ³äóâàòè,<br />
áóòè â áàãàòîëþäíèõ ì³ñöÿõ<br />
frons, frondis f – ëèñòÿ, çåëåíü<br />
frons, frontis f – ÷îëî, îñîáà,<br />
çîâí³øí³ñòü; fronte – ç âèäîì<br />
fructuarius, ii m – ôðóêòóàð³é (òîé, õòî<br />
ìຠïðàâî óçóôðóêòà)<br />
fructuosus, a, um – ïëîäîíîñíèé, ïðèáóòêîâèé<br />
fructus, us m – ïë³ä, äîõ³ä, äîáóòîê,<br />
ïðèð³ñò; ïðàâî êîðèñòóâàííÿ ÷óæîþ<br />
ð³÷÷þ; usus fructus – óçóôðóêò (ñò³éêå<br />
ïîíÿòòÿ, ùî ïîçíà÷ຠðå÷îâå ïðàâî íà<br />
îñîáèñòå êîðèñòóâàííÿ ÷óæîþ ð³÷÷þ ³<br />
¿¿ ïðèðîäíèì ïðèðîñòîì çà óìîâè<br />
çáåðåæåííÿ ¿¿ â íåçì³ííîìó âèãëÿä³)<br />
frumentum, i n – õë³á (çåðíî)<br />
fruor, fruîtus (fructus) sum, frui – âèòÿãàòè<br />
äîõîäè, ñïîæèâàòè, åêñïëóàòóâàòè<br />
frustra – äàðìà, äàðåìíî, áåçóñï³øíî,<br />
ïîìèëêîâî<br />
fuco, avi, atum, are – ôàðáóâàòè, îôàðáëþâàòè<br />
fuere = fuerunt (3 îñîáà plur. perf. äî<br />
sum, fui, - , esse)<br />
fuga, ae f – âòå÷à<br />
fugio, fugi, fugiturus, êre – á³ãòè, ò³êàòè,<br />
óíèêàòè; vinum fugiens – âèíî, ùî<br />
çàãðàëî<br />
fugitivus, a, um – øâèäêèé<br />
fui – äèâ.: sum<br />
fulcrum, i n – í³æêà (ë³æêà)<br />
fullo, onis m – ñóêíîðîá<br />
functio, onis f – âèêîíàííÿ, çä³éñíåííÿ,<br />
îáîâ’ÿçîê, ôóíêö³ÿ; çàì³íí³ñòü ïî<br />
âàðòîñò³<br />
fundamentum, i n – îñíîâà, çàñíóâàííÿ,<br />
ôóíäàìåíò<br />
fundus, i m – çåìëÿ, ä³ëÿíêà; äíî<br />
fungor, functus sum, fungi – çä³éñíþâàòè,<br />
âèêîíóâàòè; fungi suae parti –<br />
çä³éñíþâàòè îáðàíå ïîêëèêàííÿ, éòè<br />
ñâî¿ì øëÿõîì; fungi (alî qua re) –<br />
îá³éìàòè (ÿêó-íåáóäü ïîñàäó)<br />
208<br />
funus, êris n – ïîõîðîí, ïîõîâàííÿ<br />
fur, furis m – çëîä³é<br />
furax, acis – ñõèëüíèé äî çëîä³éñòâà,<br />
çëîä³éêóâàòèé<br />
furca, ae f – âèëà; âèëîïîä³áíèé õðåñò<br />
(çíàðÿääÿ êàòóâàííÿ ³ ñòðàòè)<br />
furiosus, a, um – áîæåâ³ëüíèé, äóøåâíîõâîðèé<br />
furo, -, -, êre – áîæåâîë³òè, á³ñíóâàòèñÿ;<br />
êàçèòèñÿ<br />
furor, atus sum, ari – êðàñòè<br />
furor, oris m – áîæåâ³ëëÿ, äóøåâíà õâîðîáà;<br />
ãí³â, ëþòü<br />
furtim – íèøêîì, òàéêîìà<br />
furtivus, a, um – êðàäåíèé<br />
furtum, i n – êðàä³æêà, óêðàäåíå; furtum<br />
conceptum – êðàä³æêà, çàñâ³ä÷åíà<br />
âèÿâëåííÿì çàõîâàíèõ ðå÷åé; furtum<br />
oblatum – êðàä³æêà, çàñâ³ä÷åíà âèÿâëåííÿì<br />
ï³äêèíóòèõ ðå÷åé; furtum<br />
manifestum – êðàä³æêà ç ðå÷îâèì äîêàçîì<br />
furvus, a, um – ïîõìóðèé, çîâñ³ì ÷îðíèé<br />
fustis, is m – ö³ïîê, êèéîê<br />
futurus, a, um – ìàéáóòí³é; äèâ.: sum<br />
G<br />
gallus, i m – ï³âåíü<br />
garrulîtas, atis f – áàëàêàíèíà<br />
gaudeo, gavisus sum, gaudere – ðàä³òè<br />
gaudium, ii n – ðàä³ñòü, âåñåëîù³<br />
gaza, ae f – ñêàðáíèöÿ<br />
gehenna, ae f – ãåºíà<br />
gemma, ae f – ãåìà, ñàìîöâ³ò<br />
gener, êri m – çÿòü<br />
generalis, e – ñï³ëüíèé, çàãàëüíèé; ðîäîâèé<br />
generalîter – óçàãàë³, óçàãàëüíåíî<br />
generatio, onis f – ïîêîë³ííÿ, êîë³íî<br />
genêro, avi, atum, are – ïîðîäæóâàòè,<br />
ïðîäîâæóâàòè ð³ä, ðîáèòè<br />
generosus, a, um – øëÿõåòíèé, çíàòíèé,<br />
ðîäîâèòèé<br />
gens, gentis f – ð³ä, ïëåì’ÿ, ãðîìàäà, íàðîä<br />
gentîlis, is m – ðîäè÷, ð³äíèé<br />
genu, us m – êîë³íî<br />
genus, êris n – ð³ä, êàòåãîð³ÿ; ïîõîäæåííÿ,<br />
íàùàäêè<br />
geometra, ae m – çåìëåì³ð, ãåîìåòð,<br />
ìàòåìàòèê
germanus, a, um – ð³äíèé, áëèçüêèé;<br />
ùèðèé, ä³éñíèé<br />
gerro, gessi, gestum, êre – íåñòè, âåñòè,<br />
íîñèòè, ðîáèòè, â³äàòè, ðîçïîðÿäæàòèñÿ,<br />
ä³ÿòè<br />
gestus, a, um – äèâ.: gero<br />
gigas, gigantis m – ã³ãàíò, âåëåòåíü<br />
gigno, genui, genîtum, êre – íàðîäæóâàòè<br />
gladiatorius, a, um – ãëàä³àòîðñüêèé<br />
gladius, ii m – ìå÷<br />
gleba, ae f – ñêèáà çåìë³<br />
gloria, ae f – ñëàâà<br />
gloriosus, a, um – ñëàâíèé, ïîêðèòèé<br />
ñëàâîþ<br />
gracîlis, e – òîíêèé, âèòîí÷åíèé<br />
gracilî tas, atis f – òîíê³ñòü, êðèõê³ñòü,<br />
òåíä³òíà êîìïëåêö³ÿ<br />
gradus, us m – ñòóï³íü, ÷èí, çâàííÿ<br />
Graece – ïî-ãðåöüêè<br />
Graecus, i m – ãðåê<br />
grammatîcus, i m – ãðàìàòèê, ô³ëîëîã<br />
I gratia (ç gen.) – çàðàäè, ÷åðåç, äëÿ<br />
II gratia, ae f – ïðèâàáëèâ³ñòü, ïðèõèëüí³ñòü,<br />
äðóæí³é çâ’ÿçîê<br />
gratuî tus, a, um – äàðîâèé, áåçîïëàòíèé;<br />
áåçïðè÷èííèé<br />
gratulatio, onis f – ïîçäîðîâëåííÿ, óðî-<br />
÷èñòà ïîäÿêà, â³òàííÿ<br />
gratus, a, um – ìèëèé, ëþá’ÿçíèé, áàæàíèé<br />
gratutor, atus sum, ari – ïîçäîðîâëÿòè,<br />
â³òàòè<br />
gravis, e – âàæêèé, âàãîìèé, øàíîâíèé,<br />
ã³äíèé; ñò³éêèé, ñåðéîçíèé, íåïîõèòíèé<br />
gravîtas, atis f – ñîë³äí³ñòü, âàãà â ñóñï³ëüñòâ³,<br />
çíà÷óù³ñòü<br />
gravîter – âàæêî<br />
gregatim – ÷åðåäîþ, îòàðîþ, þðáîþ<br />
grex, gregis m – ÷åðåäà, þðáà<br />
gula, ae f – ãîðëî, ãëîòêà<br />
gustus, us m – ïðîáà, äåãóñòàö³ÿ, âèïðîáóâàííÿ<br />
íà ñìàê<br />
gutta, ae f – êðàïëÿ<br />
gyrus, i m – êîëî<br />
H<br />
habeo, habui, habîtum, habere – ìàòè,<br />
âîëîä³òè; çíàòè, ââàæàòè; ì³ñòèòè; ó<br />
passivum – ââàæàòèñÿ<br />
habîlis, e – çðó÷íèé, ëåãêèé<br />
habilîter – çðó÷íî, ëåãêî<br />
habitatio, onis f – ìåøêàííÿ (ïðàâî ïðîæèâàííÿ<br />
â áóäèíêó àáî éîãî ÷àñòèí³)<br />
habitator, oris m – ìåøêàíåöü, æèòåëü<br />
(îñîáà, ÿê³é çàïîâ³äà÷ ïåðåäàëè ïðàâî<br />
æèòè â áóäèíêó, âëàñíèêîì ÿêîãî<br />
º ñïàäêîºìåöü<br />
habîto, avi, atum, are – æèòè, ìåøêàòè<br />
habî tus, us m – âèä, âèãëÿä, çîâí³øí³ñòü;<br />
ñòàí<br />
haereo, haesi, haesum, ere – çàâèñíóòè,<br />
âèñ³òè, êîëèâàòèñÿ, âàãàòèñÿ<br />
Hannibal, alis m – Ãàíí³áàë<br />
harena, ae f – ï³ñîê<br />
hariôlus, i m – â³ùóí, ïðîâ³ñíèê, âîðîæáèò<br />
haruspex, îcis m – ïðîâ³ñíèê çà íóòðîùàìè<br />
òâàðèí, âîðîæáèò<br />
haud – íå, íå ö³ëêîì, çîâñ³ì íå<br />
haustus, us m – ÷åðïàííÿ<br />
herba, ae f – òðàâà<br />
hercisco (hercisco), -, herctum (erctuum),<br />
êre – ïîä³ëÿòè ñïàäùèíó<br />
hercûle (me hercûle) – êëÿíóñÿ Ãåðàêëîì<br />
Hercûles, is m – Ãåðàêë<br />
hereditarius, a, um – ñïàäêîºìíèé, ùî<br />
ì³ñòèòüñÿ â ñïàäùèí³<br />
heredîtas, atis f – ñïàäùèíà<br />
heres, heredis m (f) – ñïàäêîºìåöü<br />
hermaphroditus, i m – ãåðìàôðîäèò<br />
I hic – òóò<br />
II hic, haec, hoc – öåé, òî, â³í<br />
hiems, hiêmis f – çèìà<br />
hilarîtas, atis f – âåñåëîù³, ðàä³ñòü<br />
hinc – çâ³äñè<br />
hodie – ñüîãîäí³, çàðàç<br />
hodiernus, a, um – ñüîãîäí³øí³é, íèí³øí³é<br />
Homerus, i m – Ãîìåð<br />
homicida, ae m – óáèâöÿ<br />
homicidium, ii n – óáèâñòâî<br />
homo, înis m – ëþäèíà<br />
honestas, atis f – ïîâàãà, ÷åñòü, ïîøàíà,<br />
÷åñíîòà, ïðèñòîéí³ñòü, ÷åñí³ñòü<br />
honeste – ÷åñíî, ïðèñòîéíî<br />
honestus, a, um – ÷åñíèé<br />
honor, oris m – ÷åñòü, ïî÷åñòü, ïîøàíà,<br />
ïî÷åñíà ïîñàäà; çàñëóãè; íàãîðîäæåííÿ,<br />
âèíàãîðîäà; honorem sustinere –<br />
îá³éìàòè ïîñàäó<br />
209
honorarium, ii n – (äîáðîâ³ëüíà) âèíàãîðîäà<br />
çà ïîñëóãè<br />
honorarius, a, um – ïî÷åñíèé<br />
honoro, avi, atum, are – øàíóâàòè, âøàíîâóâàòè<br />
hora, ae f – ãîäèíà<br />
horreum, i n – êîìîðà, æèòíèöÿ, ñêëàä<br />
hortor, atus sum, ari – ï³äáàäüîðþâàòè,<br />
ñïîíóêóâàòè<br />
hortus, i m – ñàä, ãàé<br />
hospes, pîtis m (f) – ã³ñòü, ÷óæèíåöü<br />
hospitium, ii n – ãîñòèíí³ñòü, ïðèâ³òíèé<br />
ïðèéîì, çíàêè ãîñòèííîñò³<br />
hostis, is m – âîðîã<br />
humane – ïî-ëþäñüêè, ãóìàííî, ì’ÿêî<br />
humanî tas, atis f – ëþäÿí³ñòü, ãóìàíí³ñòü,<br />
ëþäèíîëþáñòâî<br />
humanus, a, um – ëþäñüêèé, ëþäÿíèé<br />
humilio, avi, atum, are – ïðèìåíøóâàòè,<br />
ïðèíèæóâàòè<br />
humîlis, e – íèçüêèé, ñìèðåííèé, ïîê³ðíèé;<br />
íåçíàòíèé, ïðîñòîãî ðîäó<br />
humo, avi, atum, are – â³ääàâàòè çåìë³,<br />
ðîáèòè ïîõîðîííèé îáðÿä<br />
humus, i f – çåìëÿ, ґðóíò<br />
hypotheca, ae f – ³ïîòåêà, çàñòàâà (óñòàíîâëåíà<br />
ïðîñòèì äîãîâîðîì, áåç<br />
ïåðåäà÷³ âîëîä³ííÿ)<br />
210<br />
I<br />
iaceo, cui, (cîtum), ere – ëåæàòè<br />
iacio, ieci, iactum, êre – êèäàòè; íàñèïàòè;<br />
êëàñòè, çàêëàäàòè, çâîäèòè, áóäóâàòè<br />
iactatio, onis f – ìåòàííÿ; áóíò³âëèâ³ñòü;<br />
çàíåïîêîºííÿ<br />
iacto, avi, atum, are – êèäàòè, ìåòàòè;<br />
õâàëèòèñÿ, õèçóâàòèñÿ, âèñòàâëÿòè<br />
íàïîêàç<br />
iactus, us m – ìåòàííÿ, êèäîê, ïàä³ííÿ<br />
iam – óæå<br />
ianua, ae f – äâåð³, âõ³ä<br />
ibi – òàì<br />
ibidem – òàì æå; ó òîé æå ÷àñ, íåãàéíî,<br />
ðàçîì<br />
ico (icio), ici, ictum, êre – óäàðÿòè, ðàíèòè<br />
ictus, us m – óäàð, çàáèòå ì³ñöå, ðàíà<br />
idcirco – ÷åðåç òå, çàðàäè òîãî, ç ò³º¿ ïðè-<br />
÷èíè, òîìó<br />
idem, eadem, idem – òîé ñàìèé, â³í æå<br />
ideo – òîìó, ç ò³º¿ ïðè÷èíè; ideo … quia<br />
– òîìó … ùî<br />
idoneus, a, um – çðó÷íèé, ïðèäàòíèé<br />
iens, euntis – ùî éäå<br />
igîtur – îòæå, ó òàêèé ñïîñ³á<br />
ignarus, a, um (ç gen.) – íåäîñâ³ä÷åíèé,<br />
íåîá³çíàíèé<br />
ignavus, a, um – ìëÿâèé, áåçä³ÿëüíèé,<br />
ñóìîâèòèé<br />
ignis, is m – âîãîíü<br />
ignominia, ae f – áåç÷åñòÿ, ïîçáàâëåííÿ<br />
÷åñíîãî ³ìåí³<br />
ignominosus, a, um – ùî ñóïðîâîäæóºòüñÿ<br />
ãàíüáîþ<br />
ignorantia, ae f – íåçíàííÿ<br />
ignoro, avi, atum, are – íå çíàòè, íå ìàòè<br />
ïîíÿòòÿ, ïåðåáóâàòè â íåâ³äàíí³, áóòè<br />
íåîá³çíàíèì<br />
ignosco, novi, notum, êre – âèáà÷àòè,<br />
çì³íþâàòè<br />
ignotus, a, um – íåâ³äîìèé<br />
ilîco – íåãàéíî æ<br />
ill- = inlillacrîmor,<br />
atus, ari – ðîç÷óëèòèñÿ, äàòè<br />
ñåáå ðîç÷óëèòè<br />
illaesus (inlaesus), a, um – íåóøêîäæåíèé<br />
illatio, onis f – çàïîä³ÿííÿ; ïîäàòîê<br />
ille, illa, illud – öåé, òîé, â³í<br />
illic – òàì, ó öüîìó ðàç³<br />
illicîtus, a, um – íåäîçâîëåíèé<br />
imaginarius, a, um – óÿâëåíèé, ô³êòèâíèé,<br />
ñèìâîë³÷íèé<br />
imagînor, atus sum, ari – óÿâëÿòè, óÿâëÿòè<br />
ñîá³<br />
imago, înis f – îáðàç, çîáðàæåííÿ<br />
imb- = inbimbecillîtas,<br />
atis f – ñëàáê³ñòü<br />
imbecillus (inbecillus), a, um – ñëàáêèé,<br />
âðàçëèâèé<br />
imîtor, atus sum, ari – íàñë³äóâàòè<br />
imm- = inmimmanis,<br />
e – âåëè÷åçíèé, äèâîâèæíèé,<br />
íåïðèáîðêàíèé<br />
immanî tas, tatis f – âåëè÷åçí³ñòü, íåïîì³ðí³ñòü;<br />
äèê³ñòü<br />
immensus, a, um – íåâèì³ðíèé, áåçì³ðíèé,<br />
âåëè÷åçíèé<br />
immerîto – íåçàñëóæåíî, äàðìà, äàðåìíî<br />
immineo (inmineo), -, -, ere – âèäàâàòèñÿ,<br />
ï³äí³ìàòèñÿ, ãíàòèñÿ, äîìàãàòèñÿ
immisceo, miscui, mixtum (mistum), ere<br />
– çì³øóâàòè, äîì³øóâàòè; immiscere<br />
se (ç dat.) – âòðó÷àòèñÿ<br />
immitto, misi, missum, êre – â³äïóñêàòè,<br />
ïðîñìèêóâàòè, âáóäîâóâàòè, ïóñêàòè<br />
immixtus, a, um – äèâ.: immiscere<br />
immo – àí³òð³øêè, íàâïðîòè; çâè÷àéíî<br />
æ; á³ëüø òîãî<br />
immôror, atus sum, ari – çàòðèìóâàòèñÿ<br />
immobîlis, e – íåðóõîìèé<br />
immortalis, e – áåçñìåðòíèé<br />
immortalîtas, atis f – áåçñìåðòÿ<br />
imp- = inpimpar,<br />
impâris – íåð³âíèé, íåçã³äíèé,<br />
íåâ³äïîâ³äíèé<br />
impatientia, ae f – íåòåðï³ííÿ; íåòåðïèì³ñòü,<br />
íåìîæëèâ³ñòü (íåçäàòí³ñòü)<br />
òåðï³òè<br />
impedimentum, i n – ïåðåøêîäà<br />
impedio, ivi (ii), itum, ire – çàâàæàòè,<br />
ïåðåøêîäæàòè<br />
impendium, ii n – âèòðàòà<br />
impendo, pendi, pensum, êre – òðàòèòè,<br />
âèòðà÷àòè<br />
impensa, ae f – âèòðàòà<br />
imperative – â îáîâ’ÿçêîâîìó ïîðÿäêó,<br />
³ìïåðàòèâíî, ó âèãëÿä³ íàêàçó<br />
imperator, oris m – âîºíà÷àëüíèê, ãîëîâíîêîìàíäóâà÷,<br />
ïîëêîâîäåöü; ³ìïåðàòîð,<br />
ïðèíöåïñ<br />
imperfectus, a, um – íåäîêîíàíèé, íåäîñêîíàëèé<br />
imperitia, ae f – íåäîñâ³ä÷åí³ñòü<br />
imperium, ii n – ³ìïåð³é (âèùà öèâ³ëüíà<br />
³ â³éñüêîâà âëàäà)<br />
impêro, avi, atum, are – ïðàâèòè, ïàíóâàòè,<br />
â³ääàâàòè íàêàç, íàâ’ÿçóâàòè<br />
ñâîþ âîëþ<br />
impertio, ivi (ii), itum, ire – ïðèä³ëÿòè,<br />
ðîáèòè, íàäàâàòè<br />
impetro, avi, atum are – äîìàãàòèñÿ,<br />
îäåðæàòè, äîñÿãòè<br />
impêtus, us m – íàïàä, íàòèñê, íàï³ð,<br />
òèñê, àòàêà<br />
impius, a, um – íå÷åñòèâèé<br />
impleo, evi, etum, ere – íàïîâíÿòè, ïîïîâíþâàòè<br />
imploro, avi, atum, are – ïðîñèòè, áëàãàòè,<br />
ïðîñèòè ñë³çíî<br />
impono, posui, posîtum, êre – âêëàäàòè,<br />
êëàñòè, ïîì³ùàòè; äàâàòè; çâîäèòè<br />
imposîtus, a, um – äèâ.: impono<br />
impossibîlis, e – íåìîæëèâèé, íåçä³éñíåííèé<br />
impostor, oris m – îøóêàíåöü<br />
impostura, ae f – îáìàí<br />
impostus = imposîtus<br />
impôtens (inpôtens), entis – ùî íå â쳺<br />
ñïðàâèòèñÿ ³ç ñîáîþ, íå âëàäíèé íàä<br />
ñîáîþ; íåñïðîìîæíèé<br />
imprêcor, atus sum, ari – áàæàòè; ìîëèòè<br />
imprôbo, avi, atum, are – íå ñõâàëþâàòè,<br />
â³äêèäàòè<br />
imprôbus, a, um – íå÷åñòèâèé, äóðíèé,<br />
íåñïðàâåäëèâèé, íåïðàâåäíèé<br />
improvisus, a, um – íåïåðåäáà÷åíèé; ex<br />
improviso – íåíàâìèñíî<br />
imprudens, entis – íåðîçóìíèé, ùî íå<br />
çíàº, íå â³äàº; íåäîñâ³ä÷åíèé; í³÷îãî<br />
íå ï³äîçðþº<br />
imprudenter – íåðîçóìíî, íåðîçâàæëèâî,<br />
÷åðåç íåïåðåäáà÷ëèâ³ñòü, íåóñâ³äîìëåíî<br />
imprudentia, ae f – íåðîçñóäëèâ³ñòü<br />
impubes, êris (àáî impubis, e) – íåïîâíîë³òí³é<br />
impudîcus (inpudî cus), a, um – áåçñîðîìíèé<br />
impugno, avi, atum, are – íàïàäàòè;<br />
êðèòèêóâàòè, çàïåðå÷óâàòè<br />
impulsor, oris m – ï³äáóðþâà÷<br />
impune – áåçêàðíî, áåçïåðåøêîäíî<br />
impunîtas, atis f – áåçêàðí³ñòü<br />
impunitus, a, um – áåçêàðíèé<br />
impurus, a, um – íå÷èñòèé, áðóäíèé,<br />
íèçüêèé<br />
impûto, avi, atum, are – ñòàâèòè, çâèíóâà÷óâàòè,<br />
ïðèïèñóâàòè<br />
in (ç acc. àáî abl.) – ó, íà, ñòîñîâíî, ³ç<br />
ïðèâîäó, ó ÷èñë³<br />
inanis, e – ïîðîæí³é, ìàðíèé, äàðåìíèé<br />
inb- = imbincalesco,<br />
calui, -, êre – ðîçïàëþâàòèñÿ;<br />
óçÿòè ãîðó<br />
incanto, avi, atum, are – ïåêòè; âîðîæèòè,<br />
çàãîâîðþâàòè<br />
incendiarius, ii m – ïàë³é<br />
incendium, ii n – ïîæåæà<br />
incendo, cendi, censum, êre – çàïàëþâàòè,<br />
ðîçï³êàòè, äðàòóâàòè<br />
incertus, a, um – íåâèçíà÷åíèé, íåêîíêðåòíèé,<br />
íåâ³äîìèé, íå ïîçíà÷åíèé<br />
òî÷íî; ùî ñóìí³âàºòüñÿ, íåâïåâíåíèé<br />
incestum, a, um – ãð³õîâíèé, çâ’ÿçàíèé<br />
³ç êðîâîçì³øàííÿì<br />
211
inchoatus, a, um – íåçàê³í÷åíèé, íåçàâåðøåíèé<br />
inchoo, avi, atum, are (ç acc.) – ïî÷èíàòè(ñÿ),<br />
ïðèñòóïàòè<br />
incîdo, cîdi, -, êre – ïàäàòè, ïîòðàïëÿòè;<br />
òðàïëÿòèñÿ, â³äáóâàòèñÿ<br />
incipio, cepi, ceptum, êre – íàñòàâàòè,<br />
ïî÷èíàòè, ïî÷èíàòèñÿ<br />
incîto, avi, atum, are – ñïîíóêóâàòè<br />
inclamo, avi, atum, are – ãîëîñíî êëèêàòè,<br />
çàêëèêàòè; ïðîãîëîøóâàòè<br />
includo, clusi, clusum, êre – çàìèêàòè,<br />
óêëàäàòè; çàâåðøèòè<br />
inclusus, a, um – âêëþ÷åíèé<br />
incognî tus, a, um – íåçðîçóì³ëèé, íåïîÿñíåíèé<br />
incôla, ae m – æèòåëü, ìåøêàíåöü<br />
incolûmis, e – íåïîøêîäæåíèé, ö³ëèé<br />
incommôdum, i n – íåçðó÷í³ñòü, íåïðè-<br />
ºìí³ñòü<br />
incorporalis, e – áåçò³ëåñíèé, íåìàòåð³àëüíèé<br />
incrêpo, pui (avi), î îîtum(atum),<br />
î<br />
are – çàøóì³òè,<br />
âèÿâèòèñÿ<br />
inculpatus, a, um – áåçäîãàííèé<br />
incumbo, cubui, cubîtum, êre (ç dat.) –<br />
ëÿãàòè, ïîêëàäàòèñÿ<br />
incurro, (cu)curri, cursum, êre – êèäàòèñÿ;<br />
ç³øòîâõóâàòèñÿ, çá³ãàòèñÿ, âõîäèòè,<br />
âòîðãàòèñÿ; ñï³ââ³äíîñèòèñÿ<br />
incursus, us m – íàïàä<br />
incurvo, avi, atum, are – çãèíàòè, ïðèäóøóâàòè,<br />
íàäëîìèòè<br />
inde – çâ³äñè, â³äò³ëÿ<br />
indemnî tas, atis f – â³äøêîäóâàííÿ<br />
çáèòê³â<br />
indicium, ii n – ïîêàçàííÿ, ñâ³ä÷åííÿ,<br />
ïîâ³äîìëåííÿ, âèÿâëåííÿ, âèðàæåííÿ<br />
indîco, avi, atum, are – çàÿâèòè, ïîâ³äîìèòè,<br />
ïîêàçóâàòè, îö³íþâàòè<br />
indictio, onis f – ïðîãîëîøåííÿ, îáêëàäàííÿ,<br />
âèðîê, ïðèñóäæåííÿ<br />
indigeo, gui, -, ere – íå ìàòè, áóòè ïîçáàâëåíèì<br />
indigne – ãàíåáíî, îãèäíî<br />
indignus, a, um (ç abl.) – íåâàðòèé, ùî<br />
íå çàñëóãîâóº<br />
indivisus, a, um – íåðîçä³ëüíèé, íåïîä³ëüíèé<br />
indubitatus, a, um – áåçñóìí³âíèé, ùî<br />
íå ï³äëÿãຠñóìí³âó<br />
induco, duxi, ductum, êre – óâîäèòè,<br />
íàâîäèòè; ñïðè÷èíÿòè, äîïóñêàòè,<br />
âèêëèêàòè; ñêàñîâóâàòè<br />
212<br />
indulgeo, dulsi, dultum, ere – áóòè ïîáëàæëèâèì,<br />
äàâàòè âîëþ, ñïðèÿòè<br />
induo, dui, dutum, êre – íàäÿãàòè<br />
industria, ae f – ðåòåëüí³ñòü, ïðàöüîâèò³ñòü<br />
indutiae, arum f (pl.) – ïåðåìèð’ÿ<br />
indutorius, a, um – ïðèçíà÷åíèé äëÿ<br />
íàäÿãàííÿ<br />
inedia, ae f – ãîëîä, ï³ñò<br />
ineo, ii (ivi), îtum, ire – âõîäèòè, ïî÷èíàòè,<br />
îáì³ðêîâóâàòè<br />
inepta, orum – í³ñåí³òíèö³<br />
ineptus, a, um – áåçãëóçäèé<br />
iners, inertis – íåäîòåïíèé, áåçäàðíèé<br />
inertia, ae f – áåçä³ÿëüí³ñòü, ë³íü; íåçäàòí³ñòü,<br />
áåçäàðí³ñòü<br />
inest – äèâ.: insum<br />
infamia, ae f – ãàíüáà, áåç÷åñòÿ<br />
infamis, e – ùî ìຠäóðíó ðåïóòàö³þ,<br />
çáåç÷åùåíèé (infamia), ïîçáàâëåíèé<br />
äîáðîãî ³ìåí³<br />
I infans, antis – í³ìèé<br />
II infans, fantis m (f) – äèòèíà, äèòÿ<br />
infantia, ae f – í³ìîòà, áåçìîâí³ñòü;<br />
äèòèíñòâî<br />
infectus, a, um – íåçðîáëåíèé, íåâèêîíàíèé,<br />
íåäîñêîíàëèé; íåîïðàöüîâàíèé<br />
infêri, orum m (pl.) – ìåøêàíö³ ï³äçåìíîãî<br />
öàðñòâà (ïåêëà); ïîìåðë³<br />
inferior, inferius – íèæí³é; íèæ÷èé<br />
infêro, intûli, illatum, ferre – âíîñèòè,<br />
ïðèíîñèòè; âëàøòîâóâàòè, çàïîä³þâàòè;<br />
äîäàâàòè, çàñòîñîâóâàòè<br />
infigo, fixi, fixum, êre – âñòðîìëÿòè,<br />
óáèâàòè, óïðîâàäæóâàòè, óêîðåíÿòè,<br />
çàïàì’ÿòîâóâàòè<br />
infîmus, a, um – íèæ÷èé<br />
infinite – íåñê³í÷åííî, äî íåñê³í÷åííîñò³<br />
infinitus, a, um – íåñê³í÷åííèé; in infinito<br />
– äî íåñê³í÷åííîñò³, íåñê³í÷åííî<br />
infirmî tas, atis f – ñëàá³ñòü, áåçïîðàäí³ñòü,<br />
áîÿçê³ñòü, ìàëîäóøí³ñòü;<br />
íåñò³éê³ñòü; infirmîtas consilii – íåðîçóìí³ñòü<br />
infirmo, avi, atum, are – ñêàñîâóâàòè,<br />
ïîçáàâëÿòè ñèëè<br />
infligo, flixi, flictum, êre – óäàðÿòè, íàêëàäàòè,<br />
íàíîñèòè, ïîêðèâàòè<br />
infra (ïðèéì. ç acc.) – ï³ä, íèæ÷å,<br />
ñëàáê³øå<br />
ingeniosus, a, um – çä³áíèé, îáäàðîâàíèé
ingenium, ii n – äàðóíîê, çä³áíîñò³, òàëàíò;<br />
ïðèðîäíà ÿê³ñòü, óðîäæåíà âëàñòèâ³ñòü;<br />
ðîçóì<br />
ingenuîtas, atis f – øëÿõåòí³ñòü, ïðÿìîäóøí³ñòü;<br />
çâàííÿ â³ëüíîãî ãðîìàäÿíèíà<br />
ingenuus, a, um – â³ëüíî íàðîäæåíèé<br />
ingêro, gessi, gestum, êre – âíîñèòè,<br />
âêëàäàòè; íàâ’ÿçóâàòè<br />
ingredior, ingressus sum, ingrêdi – âõîäèòè,<br />
âñòóïàòè; portam ingrêdi –<br />
âñòóïàòè ó âîðîòà<br />
ingressus, a, um – äèâ.: ingredior; in<br />
ingressu – íà ïî÷àòêó<br />
inhoneste – íå÷åñíî, íåã³äíî, íåïðèñòîéíî<br />
inhumanus, a, um – íåëþäñüêèé<br />
inicio (iniicio), ieci, iectum, êre – âêèäàòè,<br />
íàêèäàòè; âñåëÿòè<br />
inimicitia, ae f (inimicitiae, arum f) (pl.)<br />
– âîðîæíå÷à, âîðîæ³ñòü, íåïðèÿçíü,<br />
íåïðèÿçí³ â³äíîñèíè<br />
inimicus, i m – âîðîã<br />
iniunctus, a, um – íåçâ’ÿçàíèé, çä³éñíþâàíèé<br />
ïîð³çíî, íåñïîëó÷åíèé<br />
inferior, inferius – íèæ÷èé<br />
infêrus, a, um – íèæí³é, ï³äçåìíèé;<br />
ìåðòâèé<br />
infîmus (imus), a, um – íàéíèæ÷èé; íàéãëèáøèé<br />
inique – íåñïðàâåäëèâî, íå÷åñíî<br />
iniquîtas, atis f – íåñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü<br />
iniquus, a, um – íåñïðàâåäëèâèé,<br />
íåð³âíèé<br />
initium, ii n – ïî÷àòîê<br />
iniungo, iunxi, iunctum, êre – óñòàâëÿòè,<br />
ïðèºäíóâàòè, ïîêëàäàòè<br />
iniuria, ae f – îáðàçà, íåñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü;<br />
adficêre iniuriis – ÷èíèòè îáðàçè, ÷èíèòè<br />
íåñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü<br />
iniussu – áåç íàêàçó<br />
iniuste – íåïðàâåäíî, íåñïðàâåäëèâî,<br />
íåïðàâîì³ðíî<br />
iniustitia, ae f – íåñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü<br />
iniustus, a, um – íåïðàâèé, íåñïðàâåäëèâèé<br />
inl- = illinlaesus<br />
(illaesus), a, um – íåóøêîäæåíèé,<br />
áåçäîãàííèé<br />
inm- = imminmôror<br />
(immôror), atus sum, ari – çàòðèìóâàòèñÿ,<br />
çóïèíÿòèñÿ<br />
innocens, centis – íåøê³äëèâèé, áåçíåâèííèé,<br />
÷åñíèé<br />
innocentia, ae f – íåøê³äëèâ³ñòü, áåçïåêà,<br />
íåîáðàçëèâ³ñòü; íåâèíí³ñòü, áåçâèíí³ñòü,<br />
÷åñí³ñòü<br />
innoxius, a, um – áåçíåâèííèé<br />
innumerabîlis, e – íåçë³÷èìèé, íåçë³÷åííèé<br />
innutrio, ivi, itum, ire – çðîùóâàòèñÿ,<br />
âèõîâóâàòè<br />
inofficiosus, a, um – íå âèêîíóâàòè ñâ³é<br />
îáîâ’ÿçîê; inoficiosum testamentum –<br />
çàïîâ³ò, â ÿêîìó íå âêàçàí³ íàéáëèæ÷³<br />
ðîäè÷³ ñïàäêîäàâöÿ<br />
inopia, ae f – â³äñóòí³ñòü çàñîá³â, íåñïðîìîæí³ñòü,<br />
á³äí³ñòü<br />
inops, ôpis – á³äíèé, íåçàìîæíèé<br />
inp- = impinplî<br />
co (implîco), ui (avi),î tum(atum),<br />
are – óïë³òàòè, çâ’ÿçóâàòè; çàì³øóâàòè<br />
inprêcor (= imprêcor), atus sum, ari –<br />
ïîñèëàòè ìîë³ííÿ<br />
inpudentia, ae f – áåçñîðîìíî<br />
inpudîcus – äèâ.: impudîcus<br />
inquam, inquit – ãîâîðèòè<br />
inquieto, avi, atum, are – òóðáóâàòè, óñêëàäíþâàòè<br />
inquietus, a, um – òîé, ùî íå çíຠñïîêîþ<br />
inquilinus, i m – æèòåëü, ïðèáóëåöü,<br />
êâàðòèðîíàéìà÷<br />
inquî no, avi, atum, are – ôàðáóâàòè,<br />
áðóäíèòè, ïñóâàòè; çàñì³÷óâàòè<br />
inquiro, sivi, situm, êre – øóêàòè, â³äøóêóâàòè;<br />
øóêàòè ïðèâîä³â äî îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ;<br />
âíèêàòè, äîñë³äæóâàòè<br />
inr- = irrinsania,<br />
ae f – áîæåâ³ëëÿ<br />
insanio,ivi (ii), itum, ire – áóòè áîæåâ³ëüíèì,<br />
áîæåâîë³òè<br />
insanus, a, um – íåçäîðîâèé, õâîðèé,<br />
áîæåâ³ëüíèé<br />
inscius, a, um – òàêèé, ùî íå çíàº<br />
inscribo, scripsi, scriptum, êre – íàêðåñëèòè,<br />
íàïèñàòè<br />
inscriptio, onis f – çàïèñ îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ<br />
(òå ñàìå, ùî ³ libellus inscriptionis)<br />
insector, atus sum, ari – ïåðåñë³äóâàòè,<br />
íàïàäàòè, âèñì³þâàòè<br />
insequor, secutus sum, sequi – ãíàòèñÿ,<br />
ïåðåñë³äóâàòè<br />
213
insideo, sedi, sessum, ere – ñèä³òè, ñïî-<br />
÷èâàòè, êîðåíèòèñÿ<br />
insidiae, arum f (pl.) – çàñ³äêà, ïàñòêà;<br />
³íòðèãè; ï³äñòóï<br />
insidior, atus sum, ari (aliñui) – ïåðåáóâàòè<br />
â çàñ³äö³, ï³äñòåð³ãàòè, ãîòóâàòè<br />
ï³äñòóï, ³íòðèãóâàòè<br />
insigne, is n – çíàê, ñèãíàë; îçíàêà; ïðåäìåò<br />
ðîçêîø³<br />
insignis, e – ùî êèäàºòüñÿ â î÷³, ïîì³òíèé<br />
insignîter – ÷óäîâî<br />
insisto, stîti, -, êre – ñòàâàòè, íàñòàâàòè,<br />
ò³ñíèòè, ïåðåñë³äóâàòè<br />
insîtus, a, um – âëàñòèâèé<br />
insons, sontis – áåçíåâèííèé<br />
inspectio, onis f – îãëÿä; ðîçóì³ííÿ<br />
inspicio, spexi, spectum, êre – çàãëÿäàòè,<br />
ïåðåãëÿäàòè, äèâóâàòèñÿ<br />
instabîlis, e – õèñòêèé, íåïîñò³éíèé<br />
instar – íà÷åáòî, íà çðàçîê<br />
instigo, avi, atum, are – ï³äáóðþâàòè,<br />
ñïîíóêàòè, ï³äøòîâõóâàòè<br />
instituo, tui, tutum, êre – óñòàíîâëþâàòè,<br />
ïðèçíà÷àòè<br />
institutio, onis f – íàñòàíîâà, íàïó÷åííÿ,<br />
íàâ÷àííÿ, âêàç³âêà, íàñòàâëÿííÿ,<br />
ïðèçíà÷åííÿ; ñïîñ³á 䳿<br />
institutum, i n – ïðèíöèï, çâè÷àé, çàñàäà<br />
insto, stîti, -, êre (ç dat.) – ñòîÿòè, ïåðåáóâàòè<br />
â áåçïîñåðåäí³é áëèçüêîñò³;<br />
ãíàòèñÿ, ïåðåñë³äóâàòè<br />
instrumentum, i n – çíàðÿääÿ, ³íâåíòàð;<br />
äîêóìåíò<br />
instruo, struxi, structum, êre – óâîäèòè;<br />
çâîäèòè, íàâ÷àòè; íàïðàâëÿòè, íàñòàâëÿòè;<br />
ó passivum – áóòè äîâåäåíèì<br />
insûla, ae f – îñòð³â; áóäèíîê, ùî ñòî¿òü<br />
îêðåìî<br />
insum, infui, -, inesse – áóòè âëàñòèâèì,<br />
âõîäèòè, ïîëÿãàòè<br />
intêger, gra, grum – íåòîðêàíèé,<br />
íåçì³ííèé, íåäîòîðêàííèé, íåïîðóøíèé,<br />
ùî ïåðåáóâຠâ ïåðâ³ñíîìó âèãëÿä³<br />
intellectus, us m – â³ä÷óòòÿ, ðîçóì³ííÿ<br />
intellêgo, lexi (legi), lectum, êre – ðîçóì³òè,<br />
ñïðèéìàòè, äóìàòè, áðàòè äî<br />
óâàãè<br />
intellîgo = intellêgo<br />
214<br />
intendo, tendi, tentum, êre – íàòÿãàòè,<br />
âèñóâàòè, íàïîëÿãàòè; íàïðóæóâàòè<br />
intentio, onis f – íàïðóãà, çóñèëëÿ,<br />
íàì³ð; ³íòåíö³ÿ (òà ÷àñòèíà ñóäîâî¿<br />
ôîðìè, ó ÿê³é âèêëàäàºòüñÿ âèìîãà)<br />
inter (ç acc.) – ì³æ, ñåðåä<br />
interea – òèì ÷àñîì<br />
interemi – äèâ.: interîmo<br />
intercedo, cessi, cessum, êre – âõîäèòè,<br />
áðàòè ó÷àñòü, ìàòè ì³ñöå, â³äáóâàòèñÿ;<br />
âòðó÷àòèñÿ, áðàòè íà ñåáå çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ;<br />
ïðèºäíóâàòèñÿ, âèíèêàòè;<br />
âèñòóïàòè ó âèãëÿä³ çàñîáó, áóòè<br />
ïðåäìåòîì, áóòè â öåíòð³ óâàãè<br />
intercessio, onis f – ³íòåðöåñ³ÿ (âçÿòòÿ íà<br />
ñåáå òðåòüîþ îñîáîþ çîáîâ’ÿçàíü<br />
áîðæíèêà ïåðåä êðåäèòîðîì ³ ðîë³<br />
éîãî íîâîãî êðåäèòîðà)<br />
intercîdo, cîdi, -, êre – ãèíóòè, ïðîïàäàòè<br />
intercipio, cepi, ceptum, êre – çàõîïëþâàòè,<br />
ïðèâëàñíþâàòè<br />
interdico, dixi, dictum, êre – çàáîðîíÿòè,<br />
â³äìîâëÿòè<br />
interdictum, i n – ³íòåðäèêò (íàêàç ñóäîâîãî<br />
ìàã³ñòðàòó, ùî âèð³øóº ÿêíàéøâèäøå<br />
ïåâíó ñóïåðå÷êó íà ïðîõàííÿ<br />
îäí³º¿ ç³ ñòîð³í)<br />
interdum – ³íîä³, ÷àñîì, çð³äêà; òèì ÷àñîì,<br />
ó òîé ÷àñ<br />
intereo, ii (ivi), îtum, ire – ãèíóòè, ³òè,<br />
çíèêàòè, ïðîïàäàòè, çàñòàð³âàòè; ïîðóøóâàòè<br />
interest – 3 îñîáà sing. praes. â³ä<br />
intersum<br />
interfector, oris m – óáèâöÿ<br />
interficio, fêci, fectum, êre– óáèâàòè,<br />
çíèùóâàòè<br />
interfui – äèâ.: intersum<br />
intêrim – òèì ÷àñîì, îäíàê, ³íîä³<br />
interîmo, emi, emptum, êre – â³äí³ìàòè,<br />
ïîçáàâëÿòè; óáèâàòè<br />
iterior, interius – ðîçòàøîâàíèé áëèæ÷å<br />
äî ñåðåäèíè, á³ëüø ãëèáîêèé<br />
intermitto, misi, missum, êre – ñòàâèòè<br />
ì³æ, ïåðåòèíàòè, ïåðåðèâàòè, ïðèïèíÿòè<br />
interpellator, oris m – òîé, õòî ðîçáóäîâóº<br />
interpono, posui, posîtum, êre – ñòàâèòè,<br />
óâîäèòè, âèñóâàòè<br />
interpres, êtis m (f) – òëóìà÷ (òëóìà÷êà),
³íòåðïðåòàòîð, óëàøòîâóâà÷, ïåðåêëàäà÷<br />
interpretatio, onis f – òëóìà÷åííÿ,<br />
³íòåðïðåòàö³ÿ; interpretatio libertatis<br />
– âèð³øåííÿ ïèòàííÿ ïðî ñòàòóñ âîë³<br />
interprêtor, atus sum, ari – òëóìà÷èòè,<br />
ïîÿñíþâàòè, âèð³øóâàòè, ïðèéìàòè<br />
ð³øåííÿ; ðîçóì³òè, ââàæàòè<br />
interpunctio, onis f – ðîçì³ùåííÿ êðàïîê<br />
ì³æ ñëîâàìè (êðàïêàìè âêàçóâàâñÿ<br />
ïîä³ë ñë³â)<br />
interrogatio, onis f – ïèòàííÿ<br />
interrogator, oris m – çàïèòóâà÷, ïîçèâà÷<br />
interrogatorius, a, um – ïèòàëüíèé; çàñíîâàíèé<br />
íà ìàòåð³àëàõ äîïèòó<br />
interrôgo, avi, atum, are – çàïèòóâàòè,<br />
äîïèòóâàòè<br />
interrumpo, rupi, ruptum, êre – ïîðóøóâàòè,<br />
ðóéíóâàòè, ïåðåðèâàòè<br />
interruptio, onis f – ïåðåðèâàííÿ, ïðèïèíåííÿ<br />
intersum, interfui, -, interesse – ïåðåáóâàòè<br />
ñåðåä, áðàòè ó÷àñòü, ìàòè çíà-<br />
÷åííÿ, âèð³çíÿòèñÿ<br />
intervallum, i n – ïðîì³æîê, â³äñòàíü<br />
intervenio, veni, ventum, ire – ïðèõîäèòè,<br />
âñòóïàòè, âòðó÷àòèñÿ, áðàòè<br />
ó÷àñòü, áðàòè íà ñåáå; ìàòè ì³ñöå<br />
interventus, us m – ïðèõ³ä, âòðó÷àííÿ,<br />
óêëèíþâàííÿ<br />
intestatus, a, um – òîé, õòî íå çàëèøèâ<br />
çàïîâ³òó (áåç çàïîâ³òó); ab intestato –<br />
áåç çàïîâ³òó<br />
intîmus, a, um – íàéãëèáøèé<br />
intolerabîlis, e – íåñòåðïíèé<br />
intra (ç acc.) – óñåðåäèí³, ó ìåæàõ<br />
intro, avi, atum, are – âõîäèòè, âñòóïàòè<br />
introduco, duxi, ductum, êre – óâîäèòè<br />
introeo, ii (ivi), î tum, ire – âõîäèòè,<br />
âñòóïàòè<br />
intueor, tuîtus sum, tueri – ïèëüíî âäèâëÿòèñÿ,<br />
ìàòè íà óâàç³, âðàõîâóâàòè,<br />
áðàòè äî óâàãè<br />
intûli – äèâ.: infêro<br />
inultus, a, um – òîé, çà êîãî íå ïîìñòèëèñÿ<br />
inusitatus, a, um – íåçâè÷àéíèé, íåáóâàëèé<br />
inutî lis, e – ìàðíèé, áåçðåçóëüòàòíèé,<br />
íåã³äíèé, íåçäàòíèé<br />
inutilîter – äàðåìíî, äàðìà, áåçðåçóëüòàòíî<br />
invenio, veni, ventum, ire – çíàõîäèòè,<br />
âèíàõîäèòè<br />
inventus, a, um – äèâ.: invenio<br />
inverecundus, a, um – áåçñîðîìíèé,<br />
íåñêðîìíèé<br />
inveteratus, a, um – óêîð³íåíèé, ùî<br />
çàêð³ïèâñÿ<br />
invetêro, avi, atum, are – ðîáèòè ñòàðèì,<br />
óêîðåíÿòè, ïðèùåïëþâàòè<br />
invîcem – âçàºìíî, îäèí ç îäíèì; ç äðóãîãî<br />
áîêó, ó ñâîþ ÷åðãó<br />
invictus, a, um – íåïåðåìîæíèé<br />
invidia, ae f – çàçäð³ñòü, íåíàâèñòü<br />
invidiosus, a, um – çàçäðèé, ùî íåíàâèäèòü;<br />
íåíàâèñíèé<br />
invisus, a, um – íåíàâèñíèé<br />
invito, avi, atum, are – çàïðîøóâàòè,<br />
çàëó÷àòè, çàîõî÷óâàòè, çáóäæóâàòè<br />
invitus, a, um – íåáàæàþ÷èé, ùî íå âèÿâëÿº<br />
âîë³<br />
iocus, i m – æàðò, ãîñòðîòà; per iocum –<br />
ó æàðò<br />
Iovis, Iovi – äèâ.: Iuppîter<br />
ipse, ipsa, ipsum – ñàì<br />
ira, ae f – ãí³â<br />
iracudia, ae f – çàïàëüí³ñòü, ëþòü, ãí³â,<br />
âèáóõ ãí³âó<br />
irascor, -, irasci – ãí³âàòèñÿ, çëèòèñÿ,<br />
äðàòóâàòèñÿ<br />
iratus, a, um – ãí³âíèé, ùî ïåðåáóâຠâ<br />
ãí³â³<br />
ire – äèâ.: eo<br />
irr- = inrirrepo<br />
(inrepo), repsi, reptum, êre – óêðàäàòèñÿ,<br />
ïðîíèêàòè<br />
irrisor, oris m – íàñì³øíèê<br />
I irrito, avi, atum, are – äðàòóâàòè,<br />
ï³äáóðþâàòè; íàöüêîâóâàòè<br />
II irrito, -, -, are – ðîáèòè íåä³éñíèì<br />
irrîtus, a, um – íåä³éñíèé, ìàðíèé, äàðåìíèé<br />
irrôgo, avi, atum, are – çàâäàâàòè, çàïîä³þâàòè,<br />
ïðèñóäæóâàòè, âèêëèêàòè<br />
irrumpo, rupi, ruptum, êre – óëàìóâàòèñÿ,<br />
óðèâàòèñÿ, ïðîíèêàòè<br />
is = eis<br />
is, ea, id – öåé, òîé, â³í<br />
iste, ista, istud – öåé, òîé, â³í<br />
ita – òàê, ó òàêèé ñïîñ³á<br />
Italia, ae f – ²òàë³ÿ<br />
215
Italîcus, a, um – ³òàë³éñüêèé<br />
itâque – îòæå, ó òàêèé ñïîñ³á<br />
item – òàêîæ, à òàêîæ<br />
iter, itinêris n – øëÿõ, ïðîõ³ä, ïðàâî ïðîõîäó<br />
iterato – ïîâòîðíî<br />
itêrum – íàçàä, çíîâó<br />
ito, -, -, are – õîäèòè<br />
iubeo, iussi, iussum, ere – íàêàçóâàòè,<br />
âåë³òè<br />
incundus, a, um – ïðèºìíèé<br />
iudex, iudîcis m – ñóääÿ<br />
iudicasse = iudicavisse (inf. perf. äî<br />
iudico)<br />
iudicialis, e – ñóäîâèé<br />
iudicium, ii n – ñóä, ñóäîâå çàñ³äàííÿ;<br />
ñóäîâå ð³øåííÿ, âèðîê; iudicium dare<br />
– íàäàâàòè ïîçîâíèé çàõèñò; iudicium<br />
directum – äèâ.: actio<br />
iudî co, avi, atum, are – ñóäèòè, áóòè<br />
ñóääåþ, çàñóäæóâàòè; ó passivum –<br />
ïðîãðàâàòè ñïðàâó; res iudicata –<br />
âèð³øåíà ñïðàâà, ñïðàâà, ïî ÿêî¿ âèíåñåíå<br />
ð³øåííÿ<br />
iumentum, i n – çàïðÿæíèé ê³íü, â’þ÷íà<br />
òâàðèíà<br />
iungo, iunxi, iunctum, êre – ç’ºäíóâàòè,<br />
çâ’ÿçóâàòè, ñïîëó÷àòè<br />
iunior, ius – ìîëîäøèé<br />
Iuppîter, Iovis m – Þï³òåð<br />
(non) iuria – «(íå)ïðàâî» (øòó÷íî<br />
ñòâîðåíå ñëîâî, ïîêëèêàíå ïîêàçàòè<br />
åòèìîëîã³þ ñëîâà «iniuria»<br />
iurisdictio, onis f – þðèñäèêö³ÿ (ñóäîâà<br />
âëàäà âèùèõ ïîñàäîâèõ îñ³á)<br />
iuro, avi, atum, are – êëÿñòèñÿ, ïðèñÿãàòè<br />
ius, iuris n – ïðàâî; in iure – ó ïðåòîðà;<br />
iuris studiosus – þðèñò-ïðàêòèê; iuris<br />
consultus – þðèñò; ius dicêre – òâîðèòè<br />
ñóä, âñòàíîâëþâàòè ïðàâî, ñóäèòè;<br />
ius reddêre – ñóäèòè, òâîðèòè ñóä,<br />
âåðøèòè ïðàâîñóääÿ; ius honorarium<br />
– ïî÷åñíå (ïîñàäîâå àáî ñïåö³àëüíå<br />
ïðåòîðñüêå) ïðàâî, ùî ì³ñòèòüñÿ â<br />
åäèêòàõ ñóäîâèõ ìàã³ñòðàò³â: ïðåòîð³â,<br />
íàì³ñíèê³â ïðîâ³íö³é, êóðóëüíèõ<br />
åäèë³â<br />
iusiurandum (ius iurandum) – êëÿòâà,<br />
ïðèñÿãà<br />
iussum, i n – íàêàç, âåë³ííÿ, ïîñòàíîâà<br />
iussus, a, um – äèâ.: iubeo<br />
216<br />
iussus, us m – íàêàç, âåë³ííÿ<br />
iustitia, ae f – ñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü, ïðàâîñóääÿ<br />
iustus, a, um – ñïðàâåäëèâèé, çàêîííèé,<br />
ïðàâèëüíèé, ïðàâåäíèé<br />
iuvênis, is m – þíàê<br />
iuventus, utis f – ìîëîä³ñòü, þí³ñòü<br />
iuxta (ç acc.) – á³ëÿ, ó<br />
K<br />
Kalendae, arum f – êàëåíäè (ïåðøèé<br />
äåíü êîæíîãî ì³ñÿöÿ ó ðèìëÿí)<br />
L<br />
L – quinquaginta (ï’ÿòäåñÿò); L. =<br />
Lucius – Ëóö³é<br />
labes, is f – îáâàë<br />
labor, lapsus sum, labi – ñêîâçàòè, ïàäàòè<br />
labor, oris m – ïðàöÿ<br />
laboriosus, a, um – ïðàöüîâèòèé<br />
laboro, avi, atum, are – òðóäèòèñÿ; ï³êëóâàòèñÿ;<br />
ãîòóâàòè; ìàòè óñêëàäíåííÿ<br />
lac, lactis n – ìîëîêî<br />
lacesso,ivi (ii), itum, êre – äðàæíèòè,<br />
òóðáóâàòè, íàïàäàòè, ï³ääàâàòè, äîêó÷àòè,<br />
êèäàòè âèêëèê, äðàòóâàòè<br />
lacrîma, ae f – ñëüîçà<br />
laedo, laesi, laesum, êre – øêîäèòè, ðîáèòè<br />
øêîäó, îáðàæàòè, ïñóâàòè<br />
laesus, a, um – äèâ.: laedo<br />
laetor, atus sum, ari – âåñåëèòèñÿ, ðàä³òè<br />
laetus, a, um – ðàä³ñíèé, âåñåëèé, êâ³òó-<br />
÷èé<br />
lamentor, atus sum, ari – ðåìñòâóâàòè,<br />
ã³ðêî ñêàðæèòèñÿ<br />
lana, ae f – âîâíà<br />
laneus, a, um – çðîáëåíèé ç âîâíè, âîâíÿíèé<br />
lanx, lancis f – ÷àøêà, ìèñêà<br />
lapî do, avi, atum, are – çàêèäàòè<br />
êàì³ííÿì, áèòè êàìåíÿìè<br />
lapillus, i m – äîðîãîö³ííèé êàì³íü<br />
lapis, îdis m – êàì³íü<br />
lapsus, us m – ïàä³ííÿ, ïîìèëêà<br />
large (largîter) – ùåäðî<br />
largus, a, um – øèðîêèé, ùåäðèé<br />
late – øèðîêî<br />
lateo, ui, -, ere – õîâàòèñÿ
Latine – ëàòèíñüêîþ<br />
Latinus, a, um – ëàòèíñüêèé<br />
latî to, avi, -, are – õîâàòèñÿ, óêðèâàòèñÿ<br />
latitudo, înis f – øèðèíà<br />
Latium, ii n – Ëàö³é (³íàêøå êàæó÷è –<br />
Ðèì, ðèìñüêà äåðæàâà)<br />
lator, oris m – ùî ïðèíîñèòü, ùî âíîñèòü;<br />
legis lator – àâòîð çàêîíîïðîåêòó<br />
latro, onis m – ðîçá³éíèê<br />
latus, a, um – äèâ.: fero<br />
latus, a, um – øèðîêèé, âåëèêèé<br />
latus, latêris n – á³ê; ëåãåí³<br />
laudo, avi, atum, are – õâàëèòè, ïðîñëàâëÿòè<br />
laus, laudis f – ñëàâà, ïîõâàëà; laus est<br />
– ïîõâàëüíî<br />
lautus, a, um – ïðèñòîéíèé, ïîðÿäíèé<br />
laxe – øèðîêî, íå ñîðîìëÿ÷èñü, â³ëüíî<br />
Lacedaemonius, i m – ñïàðòàíåöü<br />
Laconîca, ae f – Ëàêîí³êà<br />
lectio, onis f – ÷èòàííÿ; óðîê<br />
lectus, i m – ë³æêî, ëîæå<br />
legatarius, ii m – ëåãàòàð³é (òîé, ùî îòðèìóº<br />
â³äìîâó, òîáòî îñîáà, ÿê³é çàïîâ³äà÷<br />
÷åðåç äîðó÷åííÿ ñïàäêîºìöþ<br />
çáèðàºòüñÿ âèïëàòèòè ïåâíó ñóìó àáî<br />
ïåðåäàòè ïåâíó ð³÷)<br />
legatio, onis f – ïîñîëüñòâî<br />
legatum, i n – ëåãàò, çàïîâ³äàëüíå<br />
â³äìîâëåííÿ<br />
legatus, i m – ëåãàò (ïîì³÷íèê íàì³ñíèêà<br />
ïðîâ³íö³¿ ÷è ãîëîâíîêîìàíäóþ÷îãî)<br />
legio, onis f – ëåã³îí (ðèìñüêå àáî<br />
â³éñüêîâå ç’ºäíàííÿ, ÿêå â ð³çí³ åïîõè<br />
âêëþ÷ຠâ³ä 3 000 äî 6 000 ñîëäàò³â<br />
ï³õîòè ³ 300 âåðøíèê³â)<br />
legislator, oris m – çàêîíîäàâåöü<br />
legitîme – çà çàêîíîì, çàêîííî<br />
legitîmus, a, um – çàêîííèé, âñòàíîâëåíèé<br />
ó çàêîí³<br />
lego, avi, atum, are – äîðó÷àòè, çàïîâ³äàòè,<br />
â³äìîâëÿòè (çà çàïîâ³òîì)<br />
lego, lexi, lectum, êre – ÷èòàòè; âèáèðàòè,<br />
îáèðàòè<br />
lena, ae f – çâ³äíèöÿ<br />
lenîtas, atis f – ëàã³äí³ñòü, ñïîê³é<br />
lenocinium, ii n – çâ³äíèöòâî<br />
leo, onis m – ëåâ<br />
leoninus, a, um – ëåâèíèé<br />
lepus, lepôris m – çàºöü<br />
lêvis, e – ëåãêèé, ëåãêîâàæíèé, íåïîñò³éíèé,<br />
ïðèìõëèâèé; íåçíà÷íèé;<br />
ðîçïóñíèé<br />
levî tas, atis f – ëåãê³ñòü, íåîáґðóíòîâàí³ñòü,<br />
ëåãêîâàæí³ñòü, ïîðîæíå÷à<br />
levîter – ëåãêî<br />
levo, avi, atum, are – ïîëåãøóâàòè,<br />
ï³äí³ìàòè<br />
lex, legis f – çàêîí<br />
libellus, i m – äîïîâ³äíà çàïèñêà, ïðîõàííÿ,<br />
êëîïîòàííÿ; êíèæêà; (íåâåëèêèé)<br />
òâ³ð, ïàìôëåò; ñêàðãà, ïðîõàííÿ<br />
I liber, bri m – êíèãà<br />
II liber, êra, êrum – â³ëüíèé; libêrum est<br />
= licet<br />
liberalis, e – ùî ñòîñóºòüñÿ âîë³; ã³äíèé<br />
â³ëüíî¿ ëþäèíè; øëÿõåòíèé; ùåäðèé<br />
liberalîtas, atis f – øëÿõåòí³ñòü, âåëèêîäóøí³ñòü,<br />
ùåäð³ñòü<br />
libêri, orum m (pl.)– ä³òè<br />
libêro, avi, atum, are – çâ³ëüíÿòè; ïîâåðòàòè<br />
liberta, ae f – â³ëüíîâ³äïóùåíèöÿ<br />
libertas, atis f – âîëÿ; íåçàëåæí³ñòü<br />
libertinîtas, atis f – ñòàòóñ â³ëüíîâ³äïóùåíèêà<br />
libertinus, a, um – â³ëüíîâ³äïóùåíèé<br />
libertinus, i m – â³ëüíîâ³äïóùåíèê<br />
libertus, i m – â³ëüíîâ³äïóùåíèê<br />
libet, libuit (libîtum est), ere – õî÷åòüñÿ,<br />
áàæàíî<br />
libidinosus, a, um – ñëàñòîëþáíèé, õòèâèé,<br />
âèêëèêàíèé ëþáîâíèì ïîòÿãîì<br />
libido, libidînis f – áàæàííÿ, ïîòÿã, ïðèñòðàñòü,<br />
õòèâ³ñòü; commercium<br />
libidînis – ëþáîâíèé çâ’ÿçîê<br />
libra, ae f – âàãè<br />
librarius, ii m – ïåðåïèñóâà÷; ó÷èòåëü<br />
ãðàìîòè<br />
librîpens, pendis m – âàãàð<br />
licentia, ae f – ìîæëèâ³ñòü, ïðàâî; âîëÿ<br />
I licet – õî÷à á, íåõàé ³<br />
II licet, licuit (licîtum est), ere – äîçâîëåíî,<br />
äîçâîëÿºòüñÿ, ìîæíà<br />
licîtus, a, um – äèâ.: licet<br />
lictor, oris m – ë³êòîð (ë³êòîðè ñóïðîâîäæóâàëè<br />
âèùèõ ïîñàäîâèõ îñ³á; ¿õíº<br />
÷èñëî âêàçóâàëî íà ñòàíîâèùå ìàã³ñòðàòó;<br />
âîíè ðîç÷èùàëè øëÿõ ó þðá³<br />
³ âèêîíóâàëè âèðîêè ìàã³ñòðàò³â)<br />
lignum, i n – äåðåâî<br />
217
ligo, avi, atum, are – çâ’ÿçóâàòè, ç’ºäíóâàòè,<br />
ñêð³ïëþâàòè<br />
lilium, ii n – ë³ë³ÿ<br />
linea, ae f – ðèñà, ìåæà<br />
lingua, ae f – <strong>ìîâà</strong><br />
linum, i n – ëüîí<br />
liqueo, liqui (licui), -, ere – áóòè ÿñíèì,<br />
áóòè î÷åâèäíèì<br />
lis, litis f – ñóïåðå÷êà, ïîçîâ; damnum<br />
litis – çáèòîê ó ïîçîâ³; litem deserêre<br />
– íå ç’ÿâèòèñÿ ï³ñëÿ çàñâ³ä÷åííÿ ïîçîâó<br />
(³, îòæå, ïðîãðàòè ñïðàâó); litem<br />
facêre – áóòè ïðåäìåòîì ñóïåðå÷êè<br />
litigiosus, a, um – òîé, ùî ëþáèòü ñïåðå÷àòèñÿ,<br />
ñóòÿæíèé, ñâàðëèâèé; ñï³ðíèé<br />
litîgo, avi, atum, are – ñïåðå÷àòèñÿ, âåñòè<br />
òÿæáó, ïîçèâàòè<br />
littêra, ae f – ë³òåðà<br />
littêrae, arum f (pl.) – ëèñò; ë³òåðàòóðà,<br />
ïèñåìí³ñòü; íàóêà<br />
litus, ôris n – ìîðñüêèé áåðåã, óçáåðåææÿ<br />
locatio, onis f – çäà÷à ó íàéì (ðå÷åé àáî<br />
ïîñëóã), çäà÷à â îðåíäó<br />
locator, oris m – òîé, õòî çäຠâ îðåíäó;<br />
çàìîâíèê<br />
I loco (ç gen.) – çàì³ñòü, íà çðàçîê, ó ðîë³<br />
II loco, avi, atum, are – â³ääàâàòè, äîäàâàòè;<br />
çäàâàòè â îðåíäó; opêras locare<br />
– âèêîíóâàòè ðîáîòó ç íàéìàííÿ,<br />
íàéìàòèñÿ<br />
locuples, pletis – áàãàòèé, çàìîæíèé<br />
locus, i m (nom. pl. – loci àáî loca) –<br />
ì³ñöå; summus locus – âåðøèíà<br />
locutus, a, um – äèâ.: loquor<br />
longaevus, a, um – áàãàòîð³÷íèé, äîâãîâ³÷íèé,<br />
äîâãîë³òí³é; ñòàðèé<br />
longe – äàëåêî, óäàëèí³, íàáàãàòî<br />
longiquus, a, um – äàëåêèé, â³ääàëåíèé<br />
longus, a, um – äîâãèé; òðèâàëèé<br />
loquacîtas, atis f – áàëàêó÷³ñòü<br />
loquacîter – áàãàòîñë³âíî, áàëàêó÷å<br />
loquor, locutus sum, loqui – ãîâîðèòè,<br />
âåñòè ìîâó<br />
luceo, luxi, -, ere – áóòè ñâ³òëèì, ñâ³òèòè<br />
lucerna, ae f – ñâ³òèëüíèê, ñâ³÷à, ëàìïàäà<br />
lucrifacio, feci, factum, êre – îäåðæóâàòè<br />
ïðèáóòîê, âèãðàâàòè, çáàãà÷óâàòèñÿ<br />
lucror, atus sum, ari – îäåðæóâàòè ó<br />
âèãëÿä³ ïðèáóòêó; çíàõîäèòè, îäåðæóâàòè<br />
â äàðóíîê<br />
218<br />
lucrosus, a, um – ïðèáóòêîâèé, âèã³äíèé<br />
lucrum, i n – âèãîäà, ïðèáóòîê, íàæèâà<br />
luctuosus, a, um – ñóìíèé<br />
lubido = libido<br />
ludîcer, cra, crum – ðîçâàæàëüíèé, âèäîâèùíèé<br />
ludo, lusi, lusum, êre – ãðàòè; ludêre alea<br />
– ãðàòè â êîñò³<br />
ludus, i m – ãðà; ïðèñóäæåííÿ äî<br />
ãëàä³àòîðñüêèõ ³ãîð; ludus litterarius<br />
– ïî÷àòêîâà øêîëà<br />
lugeo, luxi, luctum, ere – îïëàêóâàòè,<br />
íîñèòè æàëîáó, óáîë³âàòè<br />
lumen, înis n – ñâ³òëî, ñâ³òèëî, âèñâ³òëåííÿ,<br />
îêî<br />
lupanarium, ii n – áóäèíîê ðîçïóñòè<br />
lupus, i m – âîâê; lupus germanus –<br />
ìîðñüêèé âîâê (ðèáà)<br />
lusus, us m – ãðà<br />
lux, lucis f – ñâ³òëî<br />
luxuriose – ó ðîçêîø³, ìàðíîòðàòíî<br />
lyra, ae f – ë³ðà<br />
M<br />
M – mille (òèñÿ÷à); M. = Marcus – Ìàðêî<br />
Macêdo, ônis n – ìàêåäîíÿíèí<br />
machnatio, onis f – âèãàäíèöòâî, âèíàõ³ä,<br />
õèòðóâàííÿ, õèòð³ñòü<br />
machinatrix, icis f – âèíàõ³äíèöÿ, âèíóâàòíèöÿ<br />
machînor, atus sum, ari – ïðèäóìóâàòè,<br />
çàìèøëÿòè, âèíàõîäèòè<br />
macûla, ae f – ïëÿìà, ãàíüáà<br />
maeror, oris m – ñìóòîê<br />
maestus, a, um – ñìóòíèé, ñóìíèé<br />
magî cus, a, um – ÷àêëóíñüêèé,<br />
÷àð³âíèé, ìàã³÷íèé<br />
magis – á³ëüø, á³ëüøå, øâèäøå<br />
magister, tri m – ó÷èòåëü, íàñòàâíèê;<br />
magister ludi – ó÷èòåëü ïî÷àòêîâî¿<br />
øêîëè<br />
magistra, ae f – íàñòàâíèöÿ, ó÷èòåëüêà<br />
magistratus, us m – ìàã³ñòðàò, ïîñàäîâà<br />
îñîáà<br />
magnopêre – äóæå, ñèëüíî, íàéâèùîþ<br />
ì³ðîþ; íàñò³éíî<br />
magnus, a, um – âåëèêèé, âåëè÷íèé;<br />
çíà÷íèé, âàæëèâèé<br />
magus, i m – ìàã, ÷àêëóí<br />
maiestas, atis f – âåëè÷
maior, maius (äèâ.: magnus) – á³ëüøèé,<br />
íàéâàæëèâ³øèé, ñòàðøèé; maiores –<br />
ïðåäêè<br />
I mala, ae f – ùåëåïà; ùîêà<br />
II mala, orum n – ëèõî, íåùàñòÿ<br />
male – ïîãàíî; male dictum – ëàéêà<br />
maledico, dixi, dictum, êre – çëîñëîâèòè,<br />
ïðîêëèíàòè<br />
maledictio, onis f – ëèõîñë³â’ÿ<br />
maleficium, ii n – çëî÷èí, ïðàâîïîðóøåííÿ,<br />
çëîä³ÿííÿ, ïðîâèíà<br />
malignus, a, um – çëèé, äóðíèé, çë³ñíèé,<br />
çàçäðèé<br />
malîtas, atis f – çëî<br />
malitia, ae f – çë³ñòü, ï³äñòóïíèöòâî,<br />
ñïðèòí³ñòü, ï³äñòóï; ïîãàíà ÿê³ñòü<br />
malitiosus, a, um – çëîâìèñíèé<br />
malle – äèâ.: malo<br />
malo, malui, -, malle – â³ääàâàòè ïåðåâàãó<br />
maluisse – äèâ.: malo<br />
malum, i n – çëî<br />
I malus, a, um – ïîãàíèé, çëèé, äóðíèé<br />
II malus, i f – ÿáëóíÿ<br />
mancipatio, onis f – ìàíöèïàö³ÿ<br />
mancipium, ii (àðõ. ôîðìà gen. sing. –<br />
mancipi) n – ìàíöèï³é; ïðàâî âëàñíîñò³,<br />
íåîáìåæåíà âëàäà, êóï÷à;<br />
mancipia = servi et ancillae<br />
mancîpo, avi, atum, are – ïåðåäàâàòè ó<br />
âëàñí³ñòü<br />
mandasset = mandavisset<br />
mandator, oris m – ïîðó÷èòåëü, çàìîâíèê,<br />
îðãàí³çàòîð<br />
mandatum, i n – äîðó÷åííÿ; òå ñàìå, ùî<br />
constitutio princîpis<br />
mandatus, (us) m – äîðó÷åííÿ<br />
mando, avi, atum, are – äîðó÷àòè<br />
mane – ðàíêîì<br />
maneo, mansi, mansum, ere – çàëèøàòèñÿ,<br />
çóïèíÿòèñÿ<br />
manifestus, a, um – ÿâíèé, î÷åâèäíèé;<br />
âèÿâëåíèé, çëîâëåíèé íà ãàðÿ÷îìó<br />
manipûlus, i m – ìàí³ïóë (çàã³í ÷èñëîì<br />
â³ä 60 äî 120 ñîëäàò³â)<br />
mansî to, avi, atum, are – ïðîæèâàòè,<br />
çàëèøàòèñÿ, ïðèáóâàòè<br />
manumissio, onis f – ìàíóì³ñ³ÿ, íàäàííÿ<br />
âîë³<br />
manumitto, misi, missum, êre – çä³éñíþâàòè<br />
ìàíóì³ñ³þ, â³äïóñêàòè ðàáà íà<br />
âîëþ<br />
manus, us f – ðóêà, ñèëà, âëàäà, íàñèëüñòâî<br />
mare, is n – ìîðå<br />
margarita, ae f – ïåðëèíà<br />
maritus, i m – ÷îëîâ³ê<br />
marmoreus, a, um – ìàðìóðîâèé<br />
Mars, Martis m – Ìàðñ<br />
Martialis, e – ìàðñ³â, ïðèñâÿ÷åíèé Ìàðñîâ³<br />
Martius, a, um – ìàðñ³â, ïðèñâÿ÷åíèé<br />
Ìàðñîâ³; áåðåçíåâèé<br />
mas, maris m – ÷îëîâ³ê<br />
mascûlus, i m – ÷îëîâ³ê<br />
massa, ae f – çëèòîê<br />
mater, matris f – ìàòè<br />
materia, ae f – ìàòåð³àë, ðå÷îâèíà, ìàòåð³ÿ<br />
maternus, a, um – ìàòåðèíñüêèé<br />
matertêra, ae f – ò³òêà, ñåñòðà ìàòåð³<br />
mathematîcus, i m – ìàòåìàòèê; àñòðîëîã<br />
matrimonium, ii m – øëþá<br />
matrona, ae f – ìàòðîíà, çàìóæíÿ æ³íêà;<br />
äðóæèíà<br />
matronalis, e – âëàñòèâèé ìàòðîí³, ùî<br />
â³äð³çíÿº ïîâàæíó çàìóæíþ æ³íêó<br />
mature – â÷àñíî, ðàíî, íåçàáàðîì<br />
maturo, avi, atum, are – äîâîäèòè äî<br />
äîçð³âàííÿ; ïðèñêîðþâàòè; äîçð³âàòè<br />
maturus, a, um – çð³ëèé, ñï³ëèé, ùî<br />
ïîñï³â<br />
maxî me – íàéá³ëüøå, á³ëüøå âñüîãî,<br />
âèùîþ ì³ðîþ, îñîáëèâî, ö³ëêîì,<br />
çîâñ³ì; íàéãîëîâí³øå; âàæëèâ³øå çà<br />
âñå<br />
maxîmus, a, um – íàéá³ëüøèé<br />
maxûma = maxîma<br />
me – äèâ.: ego<br />
medicamentum, i n – ë³êè<br />
medicina, ae f – ë³êàðñüêå ìèñòåöòâî,<br />
ìåäèöèíà; çàñ³á, ë³êè<br />
medîcus, i m – ë³êàð<br />
mediocris, e – ñåðåäí³é, ïîì³ðíèé<br />
mediocrîtas, atis f – ïîì³ðí³ñòü<br />
medîtor, atus sum, ari – îáì³ðêîâóâàòè,<br />
çáèðàòèñÿ, çàìèøëÿòè; ì³ðêóâàòè,<br />
ï³äãîòîâëÿòè, ãîòóâàòèñÿ<br />
medius, a, um – ñåðåäí³é, ïîñåðåäí³é,<br />
ïðîì³æíèé, ùî º ïîñåðåäíèêîì; a<br />
media nocte – ç ï³âíî÷³; in medium<br />
adferre – ñòàâèòè â îñíîâó<br />
mei – äèâ.: ego<br />
219
mel, mellis n – ìåä<br />
melior, ius – êðàùèé<br />
membrana, ae – øê³ðêà, îáîëîíêà; ïåðãàìåíò<br />
membrum, i n – ÷ëåí; ó÷àñíèê<br />
memîne, meminisse – ïàì’ÿòàòè<br />
memoria, ae f – ñïîãàä, ïàì’ÿòü;<br />
memoria opêris facti – ñïîãàä ïðî<br />
çä³éñíåíó ðîáîòó<br />
memorîter – íàïàì’ÿòü<br />
mendacium, ii n – íåïðàâäà<br />
mendax, acis – áðåõëèâèé<br />
mens, mentis f – äóìêà, ðîçóì, äóõ;<br />
ð³øåííÿ, íàñòð³é<br />
mensa, ae f – ñò³ë; argentaria mensa<br />
(taberna) – ì³íÿëüíà êðàìíèöÿ<br />
mensis, is m – ì³ñÿöü<br />
mensura, ae f – âèì³ð<br />
mentio, onis f – çãàäóâàííÿ; áåñ³äà, ðîç<strong>ìîâà</strong><br />
mentior, itus sum, iri – áðåõàòè<br />
mercennarius, a, um – ïëàòíèé, íàäàíèé<br />
çà âèíàãîðîäó<br />
mercennarius, ii m – íàéìàíåöü, ïîäåííèê<br />
merces, edis f – ïëàòà, âèíàãîðîäà,<br />
âàðò³ñòü, ãîíîðàð; äîõîä, îðåíäíà<br />
ïëàòà<br />
Mercurius, i m – Ìåðêóð³é – â³ñíèê<br />
áîã³â, áîã òîðã³âë³<br />
mereo, rui, rîtum, ere – çàñëóãîâóâàòè<br />
mereor, îtus sum, eri (de) – ðîáèòè ïîñëóãè,<br />
ñòàòè â ïðèãîä³<br />
meretricius, a, um – âëàñòèâèé ïðîäàæíèì<br />
æ³íêàì<br />
meretrix, tricis f – ïîâ³ÿ, âëàñíèöÿ êóáëà<br />
meridies, ei m – ïîëóäåíü<br />
merîto – ñïðàâåäëèâî, çàñëóæåíî, ïî çàñëóãàõ<br />
merîtus, a, um – äèâ.: mereo<br />
merus, a, um – ÷èñòèé<br />
merx, mercis f – òîâàð<br />
messis, is f – æíèâà, çáèðàííÿ âðîæàþ<br />
-met – ÷àñòêà, ùî ï³äñèëþº îñîáîâ³<br />
çàéìåííèêè, ÿêó ³íîä³ ìîæíà â³äîáðàçèòè<br />
â ïåðåêëàä³ ñëîâîì «ñàì»:<br />
egomet – ÿ ñàì<br />
metallum, i n – ìåòàë; ðóäíèê; ïðèñóäæåííÿ<br />
äî äîâ³÷íî¿ ðîáîòè íà ðóäíèêàõ;<br />
in metallum dare (damnare) –<br />
ïðèñóäæóâàòè äî äîâ³÷íî¿ ðîáîòè íà<br />
ðóäíèêàõ<br />
220<br />
metior, mensus sum, iri – ì³ðÿòè, âèì³ðþâàòè<br />
meto, messui, messum, êre – æàòè, ïîæèíàòè<br />
metuo, ui, utum, êre – áîÿòèñÿ, ïîáîþâàòèñÿ<br />
metus, us m – ïîãðîçà, ñòðàõ, ïîáîþâàííÿ;<br />
ïðåäìåò ïîáîþâàíü, íåáåçïåêà<br />
meus, mea, meum – ì³é<br />
mi – äèâ.: meus<br />
migro, avi, atum, are – ïåðå¿æäæàòè,<br />
ì³íÿòèñÿ, ïîðóøóâàòè<br />
mihi – äèâ.: ego<br />
milis, îtis m – ñîëäàò, âî¿í<br />
milia – äèâ.: mille<br />
milies – òèñÿ÷à ðàç³â<br />
militaris, e – â³éñüêîâèé, âîºííèé<br />
militia, ae f – àðì³ÿ, â³éñüêîâà ñëóæáà<br />
milîto, avi, atum, are – çíàõîäèòèñÿ íà<br />
â³éñüêîâ³é ñëóæá³, áóòè ñîëäàòîì;<br />
âåñòè âîºíí³ ä³¿, áîðîòèñÿ<br />
mille – òèñÿ÷à<br />
minîme – íàéìåíø<br />
minîmus, a, um – íàéìåíøèé<br />
ministerium, i n – ñëóæáà, ïîñàäà, çàíÿòòÿ<br />
minîtor, atus sum, ari – ãðîçèòè, çàãðîæóâàòè<br />
minor, minus – ìåíøèé, ìîëîäøèé<br />
minuo, ui, utum, êre – çìåíøóâàòè,<br />
ïðèìåíøóâàòè, çíèæóâàòè<br />
minus – ìåíø<br />
minutio, onis f – çìåíøåííÿ, îáìåæåííÿ<br />
mirabilîter – äèâíî<br />
mirabîlis, e – äèâíèé<br />
miror, atus sum, ari – äèâóâàòèñÿ<br />
mirus, a, um – äèâíèé<br />
miser, sêra, sêrum – æàëþã³äíèé, íåùàñëèâèé,<br />
íåçíà÷íèé<br />
miserabîlis, e – æàëþã³äíèé, ùî âèêëèêàº<br />
æàëü<br />
miseratio,onis f – æàë³ñëèâ³ñòü<br />
misereor, miser(î)tus sum, eri – ïîøêîäóâàòè,<br />
çìèëîñòèâèòèñÿ<br />
misericordia, ae f – æàë³ñòü, ìèëîñåðäÿ,<br />
ìèë³ñòü, ñï³â÷óòòÿ<br />
miserîcors, cordis – ìèëîñåðäíèé<br />
misi – äèâ.: mitto<br />
missio, onis f – ïîñèëàííÿ, â³äïðàâëåííÿ;<br />
çâ³ëüíåííÿ<br />
missus, a, um – äèâ.: mitto<br />
mitto, misi, missum, êre – ïîñèëàòè; êèäàòè;<br />
â³äïóñêàòè, ðîçïóñêàòè; in<br />
possessionem mittêre – óâîäèòè ó âîëîä³ííÿ,<br />
äîçâîëÿòè ðîçïîðÿäæàòèñÿ
mixtio, onis f – çì³øàííÿ<br />
mixtus, a, um – çì³øàíèé<br />
mobîlis, e – ñïîíóêóâàíèé<br />
modo – ëèøå, ò³ëüêè; ò³ëüêè ùî<br />
modus, i m – îáðàç, ñïîñ³á, ì³ðà; pro<br />
modo – ó ì³ðó<br />
moechia, ae f – ðîçïóñòà, ïåðåëþáñòâî<br />
moechor, atus sum, ari – â³ääàâàòèñÿ<br />
ðîçïóñò³<br />
moenia, ium n – ñò³íè ôîðòåö³<br />
mola, ae f – ìëèí, æîðíà; mola asinaria<br />
– ìëèí, ùî ïðèâîäèòüñÿ â ðóõ îñëàìè,<br />
ì³ðîøíèöüê³ æåðíîâà<br />
molestus, a, um – ñóìíèé, ñìóòíèé; âàæêèé,<br />
ãí³òþ÷èé, ùî ãí³òèòü, íåïðèºìíèé<br />
mollis, e – ì’ÿêèé, ïëàâíèé, ëåãêèé,<br />
ïðèºìíèé<br />
momentum, i n – ðóø³éíà ñèëà, ïîøòîâõ,<br />
âàæëèâ³ñòü, çíà÷åííÿ; nullius<br />
momenti esse – íå çàñëóãîâóâàòè íà<br />
óâàãó, íå ìàòè ñèëè, áóòè íåä³éñíèì<br />
moneo, ui, î tum, ere – ïåðåêîíóâàòè,<br />
óñåëÿòè, ïîïåðåäæàòè<br />
mons, montis m – ãîðà<br />
monstrosus (monstruosus), a, um – ïîòâîðíèé<br />
monstrum, i n – çíàìåííÿ, îçíàêà; ÷óäî,<br />
äèâî<br />
monumentum, i n – ïàì’ÿòíèê<br />
mora, ae f – çâîë³êàííÿ, çàòðèìàííÿ,<br />
ïîâ³ëüí³ñòü; inter moras – òèì ÷àñîì,<br />
ó öåé ÷àñ; moram facêre – ïðîñòðî÷óâàòè<br />
moralis, e – ìîðàëüíèé<br />
morbosus, a, um – õâîðèé<br />
morbus, i m – õâîðîáà<br />
mordeo, momordi, morsum, ere – êóñàòè,<br />
ãðèçòè<br />
morior, mortuus sum, ari – óìèðàòè<br />
moror, atus sum, ari – áàðèòèñÿ,<br />
ñïîâ³ëüíþâàòè; â³äñóâàòè, â³äêëàäàòè;<br />
ïîáèâàòè, ïåðåáóâàòè<br />
mors, mortis f – ñìåðòü<br />
mortalis, e – ñìåðòíèé<br />
mortalîtas, atis f – ñìåðòí³ñòü; ñìåðòü<br />
mortîfer, a, um – ñìåðòåëüíèé, ñìåðòîíîñíèé<br />
mortuus, a, um – ìåðòâèé, ïîê³éíèé<br />
mos, moris m – çâè÷àé, âäà÷à; ïðîâèíà<br />
motus, a, um – äèâ.: moveo; òîé, ÿêîãî<br />
ñïîíóêàþòü<br />
motus, us m – ðóõ, ïîðèâ, õâèëþâàííÿ;<br />
terrae motus – çåìëåòðóñ<br />
moveo, movi, motum, ere – ðóõàòè,<br />
çàò³âàòè, õâèëþâàòè; âèãàíÿòè<br />
mox – íåçàáàðîì<br />
muliebris, e – æ³íî÷èé<br />
mulier, êris f – æ³íêà<br />
mulsum, i n – ìåäÿíèé íàï³é<br />
multa, ae f – øòðàô<br />
multitudo, î nis f – áåçë³÷, íàäëèøîê,<br />
âåëè÷èíà, âåëè÷; á³ëüø³ñòü; þðáà;<br />
äîñòàòîê<br />
multo – íàáàãàòî, çíà÷íî, íàäçâè÷àéíî<br />
multum – áàãàòî â ÷îìó, ñèëüíî, äóæå<br />
multo, avi, atum, are – êàðàòè, íàêàçóâàòè<br />
multus, a, um – ÷èñëåííèé, çíà÷íèé<br />
mulus, i m – ìóë<br />
I mundus, a, um – ÷èñòèé, îõàéíèé<br />
II mundus, i m – ïîðÿäîê, îçäîáëåííÿ,<br />
âáðàííÿ; òóàëåò; ñâ³ò, êîñìîñ<br />
munî ceps, cî pis m (f) – ãðîìàäÿíèí<br />
ìóí³öèïàëüíîãî ì³ñòà<br />
municipium, ii n – ìóí³öèï³é, â³ëüíå<br />
ì³ñòî<br />
munio, ivi, itum, ire – çì³öíþâàòè, îáîðîíÿòè<br />
munitus, a, um – çàõèùåíèé<br />
munitus, a, um – äèâ.: munio<br />
munus, êris n – äàðóíîê, îáîâ’ÿçîê; ïîâèíí³ñòü;<br />
munêrum indictio – ïðèçíà÷åííÿ<br />
ïîâèííîñòåé<br />
murus, i m – ñò³íà<br />
mutatio, onis f – çì³íà, ïåðåì³ùåííÿ,<br />
ñôåðà; mutatio officiorum – âçàºìí³<br />
îáîâ’ÿçêè<br />
muto, avi, atum, are – çì³íþâàòè, ì³íÿòè<br />
mutus, a, um – í³ìèé<br />
mutuum, i n – ïîçè÷êà, çì³íþâàòè<br />
mutuus, a, um – âçàºìíèé, ïîçèêîâèé,<br />
ïîçè÷êîâèé, äàíèé (óçÿòèé ó áîðã)<br />
mysterium, ii n – òàºìíèöÿ, òà¿íñòâî<br />
N<br />
nactus, a, um – äèâ.: nanciscor<br />
nam – òîìó ùî, àäæå<br />
namque – òîìó ùî, àäæå, ñïðàâä³<br />
nanciscor, nactus (nanctus) sum, nancisci<br />
– âèïàäêîâî çíàõîäèòè<br />
narro, avi, atum, are – ãîâîðèòè, îïîâ³äàòè<br />
221
nascor, natus sum, nasci – íàðîäæóâàòèñÿ,<br />
âèíèêàòè, â³äáóâàòèñÿ<br />
natalicius, a, um – ïðèñâÿ÷åíèé äíþ<br />
íàðîäæåííÿ<br />
natio, onis f – íàö³ÿ, íàðîä; nationes –<br />
ïðåäñòàâíèêè ³íøî¿ íàö³îíàëüíîñò³<br />
natura, ae f – ïðèðîäà, ºñòâî<br />
naturalis, e – ïðèðîäíèé; naturalis ratio<br />
– ïðèðîäíèé ïîðÿäîê, ïðèðîäíèé çì³ñò<br />
naturalî ter – ïðèðîäíüî, â³äïîâ³äíî äî<br />
ïðèðîäè, çà ïðèðîäîþ<br />
natus, a, um – äèâ.: nascor<br />
naufragium, ii n – àâàð³ÿ êîðàáëÿ<br />
nauta, ae m – ìîðÿê<br />
navale, is n – ãàâàíü<br />
navis, is f – êîðàáåëü; navis longa –<br />
â³éñüêîâèé êîðàáåëü<br />
ne (ñïîë.) – ùîá íå, ùî íå; íå<br />
-ne (ïèòàëüíà ÷àñòêà) – ÷è, õ³áà<br />
Neapolitanus, a, um – íåàïîë³òàíñüêèé<br />
nec – íå, ³ íå; nec ne – ÷è í³; nec<br />
quaquam – ³ í³ÿêèì ÷èíîì<br />
necessario – ç íåîáõ³äíîñò³, ïðèìóñîâî<br />
necessarius, a, um – íåîáõ³äíèé, íåìèíó-<br />
÷èé, çàêîííèé, çìóøåíèé<br />
necessarius, i m – áëèçüêà ëþäèíà, ðîäè÷<br />
necessîtas, tatis f – íåîáõ³äí³ñòü<br />
necessitudo, î nis f – ñïîð³äíåííÿ,<br />
áëèçüê³ñòü<br />
necesse – íåîáõ³äíî<br />
necne – ÷è í³<br />
neco, avi, atum, are – ïîçáàâëÿòè æèòòÿ,<br />
ãóáèòè, óáèâàòè<br />
nefarius, a, um – íå÷åñòèâèé, çàáîðîíåíèé,<br />
çëî÷èííèé<br />
nefas [est] – íåäîçâîëåíî, íå÷åñòèâî, íå<br />
ìîæíà<br />
nefastus, a, um – çàáîðîíåíèé<br />
neglegentia, ae f – íåäáàéëèâ³ñòü, áåçòóðáîòí³ñòü<br />
nego, avi, atum, are – çàïåðå÷óâàòè,<br />
â³äìîâëÿòè<br />
negotiatio, onis f – òîðã³âëÿ, áàíê³âñüê³<br />
îïåðàö³¿<br />
negotior, atus sum, ari – òîðãóâàòè, çàéìàòèñÿ<br />
ô³íàíñîâèìè îïåðàö³ÿìè<br />
negotium, ii n – ñïðàâà, óãîäà, ä³ëîâà<br />
îïåðàö³ÿ<br />
nemo – í³õòî<br />
nepos, potis m – îíóê<br />
neptis, is f – îíó÷êà<br />
222<br />
nequam (íåâ³äì. ïðèêì.) – íåã³äíèé<br />
nequaquam – í³ÿêèì ÷èíîì, àæ í³ÿê<br />
neque – ³ íå<br />
nequeo, ivi (ii), itum, ire – íå ìîãòè, áóòè<br />
íå â çìîç³, íå ìàòè ìîæëèâîñò³<br />
nequitia, ae f – íåäáàë³ñòü, ëåãêîâàæí³ñòü,<br />
íåäáàéëèâ³ñòü<br />
Neptunus, i m – Íåïòóí (áîã ìîð³â ³ óñ³õ<br />
âîäîéì)<br />
Nero, onis m – Íåðîí<br />
nescio, scivi (scii), scitum, ire – íå çíàòè,<br />
íå â³äàòè; íå âì³òè<br />
nescius, a, um – òîé, ùî íå çíàº<br />
neuter, neutra, neutrum – í³ òîé, í³<br />
³íøèé<br />
nex, necis f – íàñèëüíèöüêà ñìåðòü,<br />
óáèâñòâî<br />
niger, gra, grum – ÷îðíèé<br />
I nihil (çàïåðå÷. çàéì.) – í³ùî, í³÷îãî;<br />
nihîlo minus – ïðîòå, óñå-òàêè<br />
II nihil (ïðèñë.) – çîâñ³ì íå, àæ í³ÿê,<br />
àí³òð³øêè, í³òðîõè, í³ÿêèì ÷èíîì<br />
nil = nihil<br />
nimîrum – áåçïåðå÷íî, çðîçóì³ëî<br />
nimis – äóæå, ñèëüíî; çàíàäòî<br />
nimium – çàíàäòî, íàäòî, íàäì³ðíî<br />
nimius, a, um – íàäì³ðíèé<br />
nisi – ÿêùî íå, êð³ì, çà âèíÿòêîì òèõ<br />
âèïàäê³â, êîëè; õ³áà ò³ëüêè; nisi cum<br />
– îäíàê, íå òîä³, êîëè; nisi si = nisi<br />
nobîlis, e – øëÿõåòíèé, âèñîêîøëÿõåòíèé,<br />
çíàòíèé<br />
nobis – äèâ.: nos<br />
noceo, cui, cîtum, ere – øêîäèòè, çàâäàâàòè<br />
øêîäè<br />
noctu – óíî÷³<br />
nocturnus, a, um – í³÷íèé<br />
nolens, nolentis – òîé, ùî íå áàæàº<br />
noli, nolite – imperativus praesentis â³ä<br />
nolo<br />
nolle – äèâ.: nolo<br />
nolo, nolui, -, nolle – íå õîò³òè<br />
nomen, nomî nis n – ³ì’ÿ; îñîáà, îñîáèñò³ñòü;<br />
ïîíÿòòÿ<br />
nominatim – ïî³ìåííî, ³ç óêàç³âêîþ<br />
êîíêðåòíèõ ³ìåí<br />
nomî no, avi, atum, are – íàçèâàòè,<br />
³ìåíóâàòè<br />
non – íå<br />
nonaginta – äåâ’ÿíîñòî<br />
nondum – ùå íå
nongenti – äåâ’ÿòñîò<br />
nonne – íåâæå<br />
nonnullus, a, um – äåÿêèé<br />
nonnumquam – ³íîä³<br />
nonus, a, um – äåâ’ÿòèé<br />
nos – ìè<br />
nosco, novi, notum, êre – ï³çíàâàòè<br />
nosse = novisse (inf. perf. äî nosco)<br />
noster, nostra, nostrum – íàø<br />
nostri, nostrum – äèâ.: nos àáî noster<br />
nota, ae f – çíàê, ì³òêà, ë³òåðà<br />
notarius, ii m – ïåðåïèñóâà÷, ñòåíîãðàô,<br />
ñåêðåòàð<br />
notatus, a, um – âèäèìèé, ïîì³òíèé; ùî<br />
ìຠïîãàíó ðåïóòàö³þ<br />
notitia, ae f – çíàéîìñòâî, ïî³íôîð<strong>ìîâà</strong>í³ñòü,<br />
âåäåííÿ, çíàííÿ<br />
noto, avi, atum, are – â³äçíà÷àòè, òàâðóâàòè<br />
notus, a, um – äèâ.: nosco<br />
notus, a, um – â³äîìèé; notum facêre –<br />
äîâîäèòè äî â³äîìà<br />
novem – äåâ’ÿòü<br />
novi – äèâ.: nosco<br />
novies – äåâ’ÿòüìà<br />
novo, avi, atum, are – ïîíîâëÿòè, çì³íþâàòè<br />
novus, a, um – íîâèé; novissîmus, a, um<br />
– îñòàíí³é, êðàéí³é<br />
nox, noctis f – í³÷<br />
noxa, ae f – øêîäà, çáèòîê<br />
noxius – ùî çàïîä³þº øêîäó, ùî çàâäàº<br />
çáèòîê<br />
nubilus, a, um – íåñïðèÿòëèâèé, õìàðíèé,<br />
ïîõìóðèé, íåÿñíèé<br />
nubo, nupsi, nuptum, êre (ç dat.) – âèõîäèòè<br />
çàì³æ<br />
nudo, avi, atum, are – îãîëþâàòè<br />
nudus, a, um – ãîëèé, ïðîñòèé, íåçàõèùåíèé,<br />
íåçàáåçïå÷åíèé<br />
nugae, arum f – äð³áíèö³<br />
nugator, oris m – áàç³êà, ïóñòîáðåõ<br />
nullus, a, um – í³ÿêèé, íåçíà÷íèé;<br />
nullius momenti esse – íå ìàòè í³ÿêîãî<br />
çíà÷åííÿ; äèâ.: nemo<br />
num – íåâæå, õ³áà<br />
numen, înis n – êèâîê, çíàê çãîäè<br />
numêro, avi, atum, are – ââàæàòè, âèïëà÷óâàòè<br />
numêrus, i m – ÷èñëî, ê³ëüê³ñòü<br />
nummarius, a, um – ãðîøîâèé<br />
nummularius, ii m – ì³íÿéëî, áàíê³ð<br />
nummus, i m – ìîíåòà<br />
numquam = nunquam<br />
nunc – çàðàç, íèí³, òåïåð<br />
nuncupatio, onis f – íóíêóïàö³ÿ (óðî÷èñòà<br />
ïðîöåäóðà, ùî ïîëÿãàëà â îãîëîøåíí³<br />
çàïîâ³äà÷åì ñâ îñòàííüî¿<br />
âîë³ â ïðèñóòíîñò³ ñâ³äê³â)<br />
nunquam – í³êîëè; non nunquam –<br />
³íøîãî ðàçó, íàé÷àñò³øå<br />
nuntio, avi, atum, are – ñïîâ³ùàòè,<br />
ïîâ³äîìëÿòè<br />
nuntius, ii m – â³ñíèê, ïîâ³äîìëåííÿ<br />
nupta, ae f – äðóæèíà; íàðå÷åíà<br />
nuptalicius, a, um – âåñ³ëüíèé<br />
nuptiae, arum f (pl.) – øëþá<br />
nuptus, a, um – äèâ.: nubo<br />
nurus, us f – íåâ³ñòêà, äðóæèíà ñèíà<br />
nusquam – í³äå<br />
nutus, us m – êèâîê, íàõèë ãîëîâè; çíàê<br />
çãîäè; âîëÿ, âåë³ííÿ<br />
nux, nucis f – ãîð³õ; nux pinea – ñîñíîâà<br />
øèøêà<br />
O<br />
ob (ç acc.) – ïåðåä, óíàñë³äîê, â îáì³í<br />
íà, ó ðåçóëüòàò³<br />
obesse – äèâ.: obsum<br />
obfui – äèâ.: obsum<br />
obicio (obiicio), ieci, iectum, êre – âèñòàâëÿòè<br />
íàïåðåä, âèñóâàòè, ïðåä’ÿâëÿòè,<br />
íàêèäàòè, çàïîä³þâàòè, êèäàòè<br />
oblatus – äèâ.: offêro<br />
obligatio, onis f – çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ<br />
oblî go, avi, atum, are – çîáîâ’ÿçóâàòè,<br />
íàêëàäàòè çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ<br />
oblitêro (oblittêro), avi, atum, are – çàáóâàòè;<br />
çãëàäæóâàòè<br />
oblivio, onis f – çàáóòòÿ<br />
obliviscor, litus sum, livisci – çàáóòè, íå<br />
ïàì’ÿòàòè<br />
oboedio, ivi, itum, ire – ñëóõàòè, ñëóõàòèñÿ,<br />
êîðèòèñÿ<br />
obrôgo, avi, atum, are – âèäîçì³íþâàòè;<br />
îáíîâëÿòè<br />
obscaenus (obscenus), a, um – íåïðèñòîéíèé<br />
obscure – íåÿñíî, ìðÿ÷íî, òåìíî<br />
obscurî tas, atis f – ï³òüìà, ìîðîê; íåÿñí³ñòü,<br />
òóìàíí³ñòü, íåçðîçóì³ë³ñòü<br />
obscurum, i n – ï³òüìà, ìîðîê<br />
obscurus, a, um – òåìíèé, íåÿñíèé, ñõîâàíèé<br />
223
obsequens, sntis – ïîñòóïëèâèé,<br />
ëàã³äíèé, ñëóõíÿíèé<br />
obsequor, quutus (cutus) sum, sequi –<br />
óñòóïàòè, ï³äêîðÿòèñÿ, ñëóõàòèñÿ,<br />
êîðèòèñÿ<br />
observo, avi, atum, are – óâàæíî ñòåæèòè,<br />
ñïîñòåð³ãàòè, äîòðèìóâàòè,<br />
îáåð³ãàòè, âèêîíóâàòè<br />
obses, îdis m – çàðó÷íèê, ãàðàíò, ïîðó-<br />
÷èòåëü<br />
obsigno, avi, atum, are – ñêð³ïëþâàòè<br />
ïå÷àòêîþ<br />
obsisto, stîti, stîtum, êre – ñòຠïîïåðåê<br />
øëÿõó, ïðîòèä³ÿòè<br />
obstetrix, tricis f – ïîâèòóõà<br />
obsto, stîti, statum, are – çàâàæàòè, ïåðåøêîäæàòè<br />
obstringo, strinxi, strictum, êre – ñòÿãàòè,<br />
çâ’ÿçóâàòè, ïîâ’ÿçóâàòè<br />
obsum, obfui, -, obesse – ïåðåøêîäæàòè,<br />
çàâàæàòè, øêîäèòè<br />
obtempêro, avi, atum, are – ï³äêîðÿòèñÿ,<br />
êîðèòèñÿ, áóòè ñëóõíÿíèì<br />
obtentus, us m – ïðèêðèòòÿ, ïðèâ³ä, âèïðàâäàííÿ<br />
obtineo (optineo), tinui, tentum, ere –<br />
çàéìàòè, âîëîä³òè, êåðóâàòè, îäåðæóâàòè,<br />
çáåð³ãàòè, ï³äòðèìóâàòè, òðèìàòèñÿ;<br />
íàïîëÿãàòè, äîìàãàòèñÿ; óòðèìóâàòè<br />
çà ñîáîþ<br />
obtingo (optingo), tîgi, -, êre – äîòîðêàòèñÿ,<br />
âèïàäàòè íà äîëþ, ä³ñòàâàòèñÿ<br />
obtûli – äèâ.: offêro<br />
obversor, atus sum, sri – áðîäèòè, áëóêàòè;<br />
óâèæàòèñÿ, áóòè, ïîñòàâàòè â<br />
óÿâ³<br />
obvius, a, um – çóñòð³÷íèé, çðó÷íèé<br />
occasio, onis f – âèïàäîê, ïðèâ³ä; óäà÷à<br />
occido, cidi, cisum, êre – óáèòè<br />
occisus, a, um – äèâ.: occido<br />
occûlo, cului, cultum, êre – ïîêðèâàòè,<br />
õîâàòè<br />
occulte – ïîòàéêè, òàºìíî<br />
occulto, avi, atum, are – ïðèõîâóâàòè,<br />
õîâàòè<br />
occultus, a, um – òàºìíèé, ñõîâàíèé<br />
occupatio, onis f – çàíÿòòÿ, çàõîïëåííÿ,<br />
çàéíÿò³ñòü<br />
occupo, avi, atum, are – çàéìàòè, çàõîïëþâàòè,<br />
îïàíîâóâàòè<br />
octavus, a, um – âîñüìèé<br />
octies – â³ñ³ì ðàç³â<br />
224<br />
octingenti – â³ñ³ìñîò<br />
octo – â³ñ³ì<br />
octoginta – â³ñ³ìäåñÿò<br />
ocûlo, avi, atum, are – â³äêðèâàòè äëÿ<br />
î÷åé, ðîáèòè âèäèìèì<br />
ocûlus, i m – îêî<br />
odi, -, odisse – íåíàâèä³òè<br />
odium, i n – íåíàâèñòü<br />
offendo, fendi, fensum, êre – áèòè, øêîäèòè,<br />
êðèâäèòè, óðàæàòè; äðàòóâàòè<br />
offensa, ae f – îáðàçà<br />
offêro, obtûli (optûli), oblatum, offerre<br />
– íàäàâàòè, äàâàòè, ïðîïîíóâàòè;<br />
ï³äêèäàòè<br />
officio, feci, fectum, êre – ïåðåêðèâàòè<br />
äîðîãó, ïåðåøêîäæàòè, çàãîðîäæóâàòè,<br />
çàâàæàòè;<br />
officium, ii n – îáîâ’ÿçîê (ñëóæáîâèé<br />
àáî ìîðàëüíèé), ïîñàäà<br />
offui – äèâ.: obsum<br />
oleo, ui, -, ere – ïàõíóòè<br />
oleum, i n – îë³ÿ<br />
olim – êîëèñü, í³êîëè<br />
olivetum, i n – îë³éíèé ãàé<br />
olympiâcus, a, um – îë³ìï³éñüêèé<br />
omen, omînis n – çíàê, ïðèêìåòà, îçíàêà<br />
omitto, misi, missum, êre – óïóñêàòè,<br />
ãóáèòè, óìîâ÷óâàòè, â³äìîâëÿòèñÿ; íå<br />
ñêîðèñòàòèñÿ<br />
omnimôdo – òàê ÷è ³íàêøå, ó áóäü-ÿêîìó<br />
ðàç³<br />
omnino – óçàãàë³, ó ö³ëîìó<br />
omnis, e – âåñü, óñÿêèé<br />
onêro, avi, atum, are – íàâàíòàæóâàòè,<br />
îáòÿæóâàòè, îáòÿæóâàòèñÿ<br />
onerosus, a, um – âàæêèé, òÿæêèé, îáòÿæëèâèé<br />
onus, onêris n – òÿãàð, âàãà, òÿæêèé<br />
îáîâ’ÿçîê<br />
opêra, ae f – ïðàöÿ, ïîñëóãà; ñòàðàííÿ,<br />
àêòèâíà ó÷àñòü<br />
opercûlum, i n – êðèøêà<br />
operio, perui, pertum, ire – ïîêðèâàòè,<br />
õîâàòè, ïðèõîâóâàòè, ïåðåõîâóâàòè<br />
opêro, avi, atum, are – òðóäèòèñÿ<br />
opêror, atus sum, ari – ïðàöþâàòè, òðóäèòèñÿ,<br />
áóòè çàéíÿòèì, ä³ÿòè<br />
opîfex, fîcis m – ðåì³ñíèê, ìàéñòåð<br />
opinio, onis f – äóìêà<br />
opinor, atus sum, ari – äóìàòè, ââàæàòè,<br />
âèñëîâëþâàòè äóìêó, ãàäàòè
oportet, uit, -, ere (áåçîñîá. 䳺ñë.) – âèïëèâàº,<br />
ñë³ä, ïîâèííå<br />
opperior, pertus sum, iri – ÷åêàòè,<br />
î÷³êóâàòè<br />
oppîdo – äóæå, ö³ëêîì<br />
oppîdum, i n – óêð³ïëåííÿ; ì³ñòî<br />
opportunus, a, um – çðó÷íèé, ïðèäàòíèé,<br />
ñâîº÷àñíèé, âäàëèé<br />
opprîmo, pressi, pressum, êre – òîïòàòè,<br />
äàâèòè, ðîçòîïòóâàòè<br />
ops, opis f – ñèëà, ìîæëèâ³ñòü, çàõèñò,<br />
çàñ³á; opem ferre – íàäàâàòè äîïîìîãó<br />
optîmus, a, um – íàéêðàùèé, îïòèìàëüíèé<br />
optineo – äèâ.: obtineo<br />
optio, onis f – â³ëüíèé âèá³ð, âîëÿ<br />
optî vus, a, um – îáðàíèé, îáðàíèé çà<br />
áàæàííÿì<br />
opto, avi, atum, are – âèáèðàòè, îáèðàòè;<br />
æàãó÷å áàæàòè, ïðàãíóòè<br />
optûli – äèâ.: offero<br />
opus, êris n – ïðàöÿ, ðîáîòà; opus est –<br />
ïîòð³áíî, íåîáõ³äíî; opus factum –<br />
âèêîíàíà ðîáîòà; opus metalli – ðóäíè÷í³<br />
ðîáîòè<br />
oratio, onis f – ïðî<strong>ìîâà</strong><br />
orator, oris m – îðàòîð<br />
orbis, is m – êîëî<br />
orbus, a, um – ïîçáàâëåíèé, ùî âòðàòèâ<br />
(áàòüê³â àáî ä³òåé)<br />
ordîno, avi, atum, are – ñêëàäàòè, âëàøòîâóâàòè,<br />
óïîðÿäêîâóâàòè, ðîçïîä³ëÿòè;<br />
ïðàâèëüíî âèêîíóâàòè<br />
ordo, î nis m – ðÿä, ñòàí, çâàííÿ, ïîðÿäîê;<br />
extra ordînem – ïîçà çâè÷àéíèì<br />
ïîðÿäêîì ñóäî÷èíñòâà, åêñòðàîðäèíàðíî<br />
orichalcum (aurichalcum), i n – æîâòà<br />
ì³äü àáî ëàòóíü<br />
origo, înis f – ïîõîäæåííÿ, ïî÷àòîê, ð³ä<br />
orior, ortus sum, iri – ç’ÿâëÿòèñÿ, ïî÷èíàòèñÿ<br />
ornamentum, i n – ïðèêðàñà<br />
orno, avi, atum, are – ïðèêðàøàòè<br />
oro, avi, atum, are – ãîâîðèòè, çàõèùàòè,<br />
ïðîñèòè, áëàãàòè<br />
ortus, us m – ïîÿâà, âèíèêíåííÿ<br />
os, oris n – îáëè÷÷ÿ; ðîò; in ore – íà î÷àõ<br />
oscûlor, atus sum, ari – ö³ëóâàòè, í³æíî<br />
ëþáèòè<br />
osor, osoris m – íåíàâèñíèê<br />
ostendo, tendi, tentum (tensum), êre –<br />
ïðîòÿãàòè, âèñòàâëÿòè, ïîêàçóâàòè;<br />
âèÿâëÿòè<br />
ostium, ii n – äâåð³, âîðîòà, âõ³ä<br />
otiosus, a, um – â³ëüíèé â³ä ñïðàâ, ùî<br />
ìຠäîçâ³ëëÿ, â³ëüíèé<br />
otium, ii n – â³äïî÷èíîê, äîçâ³ëëÿ<br />
ovis, is f – â³âöÿ<br />
P<br />
pacatus, a, um – äèâ.: paco<br />
paciscor, pactus sum, pacisci – äîìîâëÿòèñÿ,<br />
éòè íà çìîâó, éòè íà ìèðîâó;<br />
ïðèõîäèòè äî óãîäè; pacisci [de<br />
crimî ne] – éòè íà çìîâó (ç³ çëî÷èíöåì)<br />
ç ìåòîþ çâ³ëüíåííÿ éîãî â³ä îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ<br />
paco, avi, atum, are – ðîáèòè ìèðíèì,<br />
çàñïîêîþâàòè, íàñòðîþâàòè íà ìèðíèé<br />
ëàä, ïðèáîðêóâàòè<br />
pactio, onis f – óãîäà<br />
pactum, i n – äîãîâ³ð<br />
pactus, a, um – äèâ.: paciscor<br />
paedagogus, i m – ïåäàãîã, ñëóãà, ïðèñòàâëåíèé<br />
äî äèòèíè äëÿ ñóïðîâîäó ³<br />
íàãëÿäó; ó÷èòåëü, íàñòàâíèê, âèõîâàòåëü<br />
paene – ìàéæå, ïðàêòè÷íî<br />
paenitentia, ae f – êàÿòòÿ; paenitentia –<br />
÷åðåç çì³íó íàì³ð³â<br />
paeniteo (poeniteo), tui, -, ere – êàÿòèñÿ,<br />
øêîäóâàòè, â³ä÷óâàòè æàëü, ñîðîì<br />
paganus, i m – ñåëÿíèí; öèâ³ëüíà îñîáà<br />
palam – â³äêðèòî, íà î÷àõ â óñ³õ, ïðèëþäíî;<br />
palam est – î÷åâèäíî, ÿñíî<br />
palma, ae f – äîëîíÿ, êèñòü ðóêè; ïàëüìà<br />
palpebra, ae f – â³êî<br />
palus, udis f – áîëîòî<br />
pango, pepîgi, panctum (pactum), êre –<br />
óáèâàòè, çàáèâàòè; âèçíà÷àòè, óñòàíîâëþâàòè,<br />
ïðèçíà÷àòè, îá³öÿòè<br />
panis, is m – õë³á<br />
I par, paris – ð³âíèé, â³äïîâ³äíèé, íàëåæíèé;<br />
par est – ïîêëàäåíî, ñë³ä, ëè-<br />
÷èòü<br />
II par, paris n – ïàðà, îáîº<br />
parco, peperci, -, êre – áåðåãòè, äîòðèìóâàòè;<br />
øêîäóâàòè, ùàäèòè, âèÿâëÿòè<br />
ïîáëàæëèâ³ñòü<br />
parens, parentis m (f) – áàòüêî (ìàòè)<br />
225
pareo, ui, îtum, ere – ç’ÿâëÿòèñÿ; áóòè<br />
î÷åâèäíèì; ï³äêîðÿòèñÿ, êîðèòèñÿ<br />
paries, êtis m – ñò³íà<br />
pario, pepêri, partum, êre – íàðîäæóâàòè,<br />
ïðèâîäèòè íà ñâ³ò; íàæèâàòè<br />
parîter – ð³âíîþ ì³ðîþ<br />
paro, avi, atum, are – ä³ñòàâàòè, äîáóâàòè,<br />
ãîòóâàòè, çàãîòîâëþâàòè<br />
parricidium, ii n – óáèâñòâî<br />
pars, partis f – ÷àñòèíà, ÷àñòêà, îáëàñòü,<br />
ñòîðîíà<br />
parsimonia, ae f – îùàäëèâ³ñòü<br />
partîceps, particîpis – ùî áåðå ó÷àñòü<br />
particîpo, avi, atum, are – áðàòè ó÷àñòü,<br />
îäåðæóâàòè ÷àñòêó<br />
partim – ÷àñòêîâî, ïî÷àñòè<br />
partior, partitus sum, partiri – ðîçä³ëÿòè,<br />
ðîçïîä³ëÿòè<br />
partus, a, um – äèâ.: pario<br />
partus, us m – íàðîäæåííÿ, äèòÿ, íîâîíàðîäæåíà<br />
äèòèíà; ïðèïë³ä<br />
parui – äèâ.: pario<br />
parum – ìàëî, íåäîñòàòíüî<br />
parvûlus, i m – äèòÿ<br />
parvus, a, um – ìàëåíüêèé, ìàëèé, íåçíà÷íèé;<br />
parvi refert – íå ìຠâåëèêîãî<br />
çíà÷åííÿ<br />
pasco, pavi, pastum, êre – ïàñòè, ãîäóâàòè,<br />
ï³äòðèìóâàòè, çá³ëüøóâàòè, çáàãà÷óâàòè<br />
passim – óñþäè<br />
passus, a, um – äèâ.: patior<br />
passus, us m – êðîê<br />
pastor, oris m – ïàñòóõ<br />
patens, entis – â³äêðèòèé<br />
patenter – â³äêðèòî<br />
pateo, ui, -, ere – áóòè â³äêðèòèì,<br />
ïîì³òíèì, âèÿâëÿòèñÿ; ïðîñòèðàòèñÿ,<br />
ïîøèðþâàòèñÿ<br />
pater, patris m – áàòüêî; patres – òå<br />
ñàìå, ùî ³ patricii; patres conscripti<br />
– áàòüêè-ñåíàòîðè<br />
patesco, patui, -, êre – â³äêðèâàòèñÿ, ñòàâàòè<br />
ÿâíèì, âèõîäèòè íàçîâí³, âèÿâëÿòèñÿ<br />
patêra, ae f – ÷àøà; æåðòîâíà ïîñóäèíà<br />
paternus, a, um – áàòüê³âñüêèé<br />
patiens, entis – òåðïëÿ÷èé<br />
patientia, ae f – òåðï³ííÿ, òåðïëÿ÷³ñòü;<br />
ïîëåãê³ñòü, ïîòóðàííÿ; äîçâ³ë<br />
patior, passus sum, pati – òåðï³òè, ïåðåíîñèòè,<br />
äîïóñêàòè, íåñòè<br />
226<br />
patria, ae f – áàòüê³âùèíà<br />
patricia, ae f – ïàòðèö³àíêà<br />
I patricius, a, um – ïàòðèö³àíñüêèé,<br />
íàëåæíèé äî ðîäîâî¿ ðèìñüêî¿ çíàò³<br />
II patricius, ii m – ïàòðèö³é<br />
patrimonium, ii n – ìàéíî (ùî ä³ñòàëîñÿ<br />
â ñïàäùèíó, áàòüê³âñüêå ìàéíî);<br />
ñïàäùèíà, ñòàí<br />
patrius, a, um – áàòüê³âñüêèé<br />
patro, avi, atum, are – çðîáèòè<br />
patrocinor, atus sum, ari – çàõèùàòè<br />
patrona, ae f – ïàí³ (â³ëüíîâ³äïóùåíèêà)<br />
patronus, i m – ïàòðîí (çàñòóïíèê, ÿêèì<br />
áóâ ïàòðèö³é äëÿ ñâîãî ê볺íòà àáî<br />
õàçÿ¿í äëÿ ñâîãî â³ëüíîâ³äïóùåíèêà);<br />
çàõèñíèê, àäâîêàò<br />
patruus, i m – äÿäüêî (áðàò áàòüêà)<br />
paucus, a, um – äåÿêèé, íå÷èñëåííèé<br />
paulatim – ïîìàëó<br />
pauper, paupêris – á³äíèé, íåçàìîæíèé,<br />
æåáðàê<br />
paupertas, atis f – á³äí³ñòü<br />
pax, pacis f – ìèð, ìèðíèé ÷àñ<br />
peccator, oris m – ãð³øíèê<br />
peccatum, i n – ãð³õ, ïðîâèíà, çëî÷èí;<br />
peccatum subire – ï³äïàäàòè ï³ä îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ<br />
pecco, avi, atum, are – ãð³øèòè, ïðîâèíèòèñÿ<br />
peculatus, us m – êàçíîêðàäñòâî, ðîçêðàäàííÿ<br />
äåðæàâíîãî ìàéíà<br />
peculium, ii n – âëàñí³ñòü (ó òîìó ÷èñë³<br />
îñîáèñòà)<br />
pecunia, ae f – ãðîø³; ìàéíî<br />
pecuniarius, a, um – ãðîøîâèé, ïîâ’ÿçàíèé<br />
³ç ãð³øìè<br />
pecus, pecôris n – õóäîáà<br />
pedis – äèâ.: pes<br />
pecus, ûdis f – äîìàøíÿ òâàðèíà<br />
peior, peius – ã³ðøèé<br />
peioro, -, -, are – ïîã³ðøóâàòè<br />
pellis, is f – øê³ðà, õóòðî<br />
pello, pepuli, pulsum, êre – áèòè, ïîòðÿñàòè,<br />
âèãàíÿòè, ïîçáàâëÿòè<br />
pelvis, is f – òàç<br />
pendeo, pependi, -, ere – âèñ³òè, çàëåæàòè;<br />
in pendenti (e) – ó ñòàí³ íåâèçíà-<br />
÷åíîñò³<br />
pendo, pependi, pensum, êre – â³øàòè,<br />
çâàæóâàòè<br />
penes – ó<br />
penî tus – óñåðåäèí³, ãëèáîêî; çîâñ³ì,<br />
àáñîëþòíî
penus, us (i) m (f) – ïðèïàñè, ïðîäîâîëü÷³<br />
çàïàñè<br />
pepêri – äèâ.: pario<br />
per (ç acc.) – ÷åðåç, çà äîïîìîãîþ<br />
peraeque – òàê ñàìî, òî÷íî òàê ñàìî,<br />
çîâñ³ì îäíàêîâî<br />
perâgo, egi, actum, êre – ðîáèòè, âèêîíóâàòè,<br />
äîâåñòè äî ê³íöÿ<br />
percipio, cepi, ceptum, êre – çáèðàòè,<br />
çí³ìàòè; ñïðèéìàòè<br />
percontor, atus sum, ari – ðîçïèòóâàòè,<br />
äîâ³äóâàòèñÿ, ä³çíàâàòèñÿ<br />
percurro, cucurri (curri), cursum, êre –<br />
ïðîá³ãàòè, øâèäêî ïðîõîäèòè<br />
percussor, oris m – ðîçá³éíèê, óáèâöÿ<br />
percutio, cussi, cussum, êre – áèòè, óäàðÿòè,<br />
ñòóêàòè<br />
percussus, a, um – âèêàðáóâàíèé<br />
perdo, dîdi, dîtum, êre – ãóáèòè, ðîçáóäîâóâàòè,<br />
óòðà÷àòè<br />
perduco, duxi, ductum, êre – äîâîäèòè,<br />
íàâîäèòè, ïåðåâîäèòè<br />
perduellio, onis f – äåðæàâíà çðàäà<br />
pereat – äèâ.: pereo<br />
peregrinatio, onis f – ìàíäð³âêà,<br />
ðîç’¿çäè, ïîäîðîæ<br />
perigrinor, atus sum, ari – æèòè íà ÷óæèí³,<br />
ìàíäðóâàòè, ïîäîðîæóâàòè;<br />
áóòè ÷óæèì<br />
peregrinus, a, um – ³íîçåìíèé, âëàñòèâèé<br />
ïåðåãðèíàì (³íîçåìöÿì)<br />
peremptorius, a, um – çãóáíèé; îñòàòî÷íèé,<br />
ùî ïðèïèíÿº óñ³ ñóïåðå÷êè, òîé,<br />
ùî ï³äëÿãຠîáãîâîðåííþ<br />
perendînus, a, um – ï³ñëÿçàâòðàøí³é<br />
pereo, ii (ivi), îtum, ire – ãèíóòè, çíèêàòè,<br />
ïðîïàäàòè, óìèðàòè; ãóáèòè<br />
perfectus, a, um – çðîáëåíèé, äîêîíàíèé,<br />
äîñêîíàëèé<br />
perfêro, tûli, latum, ferre – ïðèíîñèòè,<br />
ïåðåíîñèòè<br />
perficio, feci, fectum, êre – ãîòóâàòè,<br />
âèãîòîâëÿòè, ðîáèòè, çàâåðøóâàòè<br />
perfôro, avi, atum, are – ïðîáóðàâëþâàòè,<br />
ïðîñâåðäëþâàòè, ïðîáèâàòè<br />
perfugio, fugi, fugîtum, êre – ïåðåá³ãàòè<br />
pergo, perrexi, perrectum, pergere – éòè<br />
äàë³; ïî÷èíàòè<br />
perhibeo, bui, bîtum, ere – ïðîïîíóâàòè,<br />
íàäàâàòè, âèñëîâëþâàòè, âèìîâëÿòè;<br />
âèÿâëÿòè<br />
periclum – äèâ.: pericûlum<br />
periculosus, a, um – íåáåçïå÷íèé,<br />
ïîâ’ÿçàíèé ³ç ðèçèêîì<br />
pericûlum (periclum), i n – íåáåçïåêà,<br />
ðèçèê<br />
perinde – òàê ñàìî, òî÷íî òàê ñàìî<br />
periuiniurius, a, um – âêðàé íåñïðàâåäëèâèé<br />
peritia, ae f – äîñâ³ä÷åí³ñòü, çíàííÿ<br />
peritus, a, um – äîñâ³ä÷åíèé; iuris<br />
peritus – áóêâ.: äîñâ³ä÷åíèé ó ïðàâ³,<br />
òîáòî ïðàâîçíàâåöü<br />
permaneo, mansi, mansum, ere – ïåðåáóâàòè<br />
permisceo, miscui, mistum (mixtum), ere<br />
– çì³øóâàòè, ïåðåì³øóâàòè, çàì³øóâàòè,<br />
óòÿãóâàòè; ïëóòàòè, âèêëèêàòè<br />
çàì³øàííÿ<br />
permisi – äèâ.: permitto<br />
permissum, i n – äîçâ³ë<br />
permissus, us m – äîçâ³ë<br />
permitto, misi, missum, êre – íàäàâàòè<br />
äîçâ³ë, äîçâîëÿòè<br />
permixtus, a, um – äèâ.: permisceo<br />
permoveo, movi, motum, ere – õâèëþâàòè,<br />
ïðèâîäèòè â õâèëþâàííÿ, áåíòåæèòè<br />
permultum – áàãàòî, íàäçâè÷àéíî, äóæå;<br />
permultum interesse – áóòè íàäçâè-<br />
÷àéíî âàæëèâèì<br />
permultus, a, um – ÷èñëåííèé (ó ìí. –<br />
áàãàòî õòî)<br />
permutatio, onis f – îáì³í, ì³íà<br />
permuto, avi, atum, are – çì³íþâàòè,<br />
îáì³íþâàòè, ðîáèòè îáì³í, ï³äì³íþâàòè,<br />
ì³íÿòè<br />
pernicies, ei f – çàãèáåëü, çàãèí<br />
perniciose – çãóáíî<br />
perpetior, passus sum, peti – òåðï³òè,<br />
âèòðèìàòè, âèíîñèòè<br />
perpetro, avi, atum, are – ðîáèòè<br />
perpetuus, a, um – â³÷íèé, ïîñò³éíèé,<br />
íåçì³ííèé, ùî íå ïðèïèíÿºòüñÿ<br />
perquam – äóæå, ñèëüíî, íàéâèùîþ<br />
ì³ðîþ<br />
perraro – äóæå ð³äêî, ó âèíÿòêîâèõ âèïàäêàõ<br />
persecutio, onis f – ïåðåñë³äóâàííÿ,<br />
ñòÿãíåííÿ<br />
persequor, secutus sum, sequi – ïåðåñë³äóâàòè,<br />
ïðàãíóòè ïðèäáàòè, äîòðèìóâàòè,<br />
âèìàãàòè, äîìàãàòèñÿ<br />
227
perseverantia, ae f – íàïîëåãëèâ³ñòü,<br />
òâåðä³ñòü, çàòÿæíèé õàðàêòåð, òðèâàë³ñòü<br />
persevero, avi, atum, are – áóòè íàïîëåãëèâèì,<br />
ïðîäîâæóâàòè, ïåðåáóâàòè;<br />
íàïîëÿãàòè<br />
persona, ae f – îñîáà, îñîáèñò³ñòü, ïåðñîíà;<br />
ëè÷èíà, ìàñêà, âèä<br />
personalis, e – îñîáèñòèé<br />
perspicio, spexi, spectum, êre – äèâèòèñÿ,<br />
áà÷èòè (êð³çü); ïðîíèêàòè, îñÿãàòè;<br />
ïèëüíî ðîçãëÿäàòè; ÿñíî áà÷èòè<br />
perspicuus, a, um – ÿñíèé, î÷åâèäíèé<br />
persuadeo, suasi, suasum, ere – ïåðåêîíóâàòè,<br />
óñåëÿòè, ï³äìîâëÿòè, ñõèëÿòè<br />
pertinacia, ae f – çàâçÿò³ñòü<br />
pertinacîter – çàâçÿòî<br />
pertineo, tinui, -, ere – ïðîñòèðàòèñÿ,<br />
òÿãòèñÿ, â³äíîñèòèñÿ; ñïðèÿòè<br />
pertûli – äèâ.: perfêro<br />
perturbatio, onis f – çàì³øàííÿ, õâèëþâàííÿ,<br />
ïîðóøåííÿ<br />
perturbatus, a, um – íåñïîê³éíèé,<br />
çáåíòåæåíèé<br />
pervenio, veni, ventum, ire – äîñÿãàòè,<br />
ïðèõîäèòè, äîáèðàòèñÿ, ä³ñòàâàòèñÿ<br />
pervulgo, avi, atum, are – ðîáèòè<br />
ñï³ëüíèì, ïîâ³äîìëÿòè, äîâîäèòè äî<br />
ñï³ëüíîãî â³äîìà<br />
pes, pedis m – íîãà; ðèìñüêèé ôóò (äîð³âíþº<br />
1 / 5 ïîäâ³éíîãî êðîêó, passus)<br />
pessîmus, a, um – íàéã³ðøèé<br />
pestîfer, fêra, fêrum – çãóáíèé, ïàãóáíèé<br />
pestilentia, ae f – ÷óìà, çàðàçà, ïîâàëüíà<br />
õâîðîáà, çãóáà<br />
pestis, is f – ÷óìà, çàðàçà, çàãèáåëü, êàòàñòðîôà<br />
petitio, onis f – ïðåòåíç³ÿ, çàÿâà ïðî âèìîãó,<br />
áàæàííÿ<br />
peto,ivi (ii), itum, êre – âèìàãàòè, äîìàãàòèñÿ,<br />
ïðîñèòè; ïðàãíóòè<br />
petûlans, antis – çóõâàëèé, ðîçâ’ÿçíèé,<br />
íàõàáíèé<br />
petulantia, ae f – çóõâàë³ñòü, íàõàáí³ñòü;<br />
ñâàâ³ëëÿ, ðîçáåùåí³ñòü<br />
phantasia, ae f – óÿâà, ³äåÿ, äóìêà<br />
philosophia, ae f – ô³ëîñîô³ÿ<br />
philosôphus, i m – ô³ëîñîô<br />
philyra, ae f – ëóá’ÿíà äîùå÷êà<br />
pictor, oris m – õóäîæíèê, æèâîïèñåöü<br />
pictura, ae f – æèâîïèñ, êàðòèíà<br />
228<br />
pictus, a, um – äèâ.: pingo<br />
piêtas, atis f – áëàãî÷åñòÿ, ëþáîâ, ñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü;<br />
ìèëîñåðäÿ<br />
piger, gra, grum – ëåäà÷èé, ïîâ³ëüíèé,<br />
ìëÿâèé<br />
pignus, ôris (êris) n – çàñòàâà; pignôri<br />
accipêre – ïðèéìàòè â çàñòàâó<br />
pila, ae f – ì’ÿ÷<br />
pileus (pileum), i m (n) – ï³ëåé (ïîâñòÿíà<br />
êðóãëà øàïêà, ùî âäÿãàëè ðàáè ï³ä<br />
÷àñ ïðîäàæó àáî çâ³ëüíåííÿ)<br />
pilleo (pileo), -, - are – íàäÿãàòè ï³ëåé<br />
(äèâ.: pileus); çâ³ëüíÿòè<br />
pingo, pinxi, pictum, êre – ìàëþâàòè,<br />
çîáðàæóâàòè, ïèñàòè (ôàðáàìè)<br />
pinguetudo (pinguitudo), înis f – ïîâíîòà,<br />
îãðÿäí³ñòü, æèðí³ñòü<br />
pinguis, e – æèðíèé<br />
pinus, i (us) f – ñîñíà<br />
pirata, ae m – ï³ðàò<br />
piscis, is m – ðèáà<br />
piscor, atus sum, ari – ëîâèòè ðèáó<br />
pistor, oris m – ïåêàð<br />
pius, a, um – áëàãî÷åñòèâèé; áëàãèé,<br />
äîáðèé<br />
placeo, cui, cî tum, ere – ïîäîáàòèñÿ,<br />
áóòè áàæàíèì, ââàæàòèñÿ; âèð³øèòè,<br />
ïîãîäèòèñÿ; ö³íóâàòèñÿ; placet (áåçîñîá.)<br />
– º äóìêà, âèçíàºòüñÿ, âèäàºòüñÿ<br />
ïðàâèëüíèì; ÿñíî, î÷åâèäíî<br />
placîtum, i n – ð³øåííÿ, äóìêà<br />
plane – ÿâíî, ìàáóòü, ðîçó쳺òüñÿ<br />
planta, ae f – ñàäæàíåöü, ðîñëèíà<br />
planto, avi, atum, are – ñàäæàòè<br />
Plato, onis m – Ïëàòîí<br />
plaudo (plodo), plausi (plosi), plausum<br />
(plosum), êre – àïëîäóâàòè, ïëåñêàòè;<br />
ëÿñêàòè<br />
plebeius, i m – ïëåáåé<br />
plebes (plebs), plebis f – ïëåáñ, ïëåáå¿<br />
plebiscitum (plebis scitum), i n –<br />
ïëåá³ñöèò, ïîñòàíîâà çáîð³â ïëåáå¿â<br />
plebs – äèâ.: plebes<br />
plecto, -, -, ere – íàêàçóâàòè, êàðàòè<br />
plenus, a, um – ïîâíèé<br />
plerique – á³ëüø³ñòü<br />
plerumque – ó á³ëüøîñò³ âèïàäê³â,<br />
çäåá³ëüøîãî<br />
plerusque, pleraque, plerumque – âåëèêà<br />
÷àñòèíà, áàãàòî õòî, á³ëüø³ñòü<br />
plumbum, i n – ñâèíåöü<br />
plures, plura – äèâ.: multus
plurîmus, a, um – íàéá³ëüø ÷èñëåííèé<br />
I plus, pluris – á³ëüø ÷èñëåííèé<br />
II plus – á³ëüøå<br />
pluvius, a, um – äîùîâèé<br />
po¸ma, ae f – ïîåìà<br />
poena, ae f – ïîêàðàííÿ, øòðàô, ïåíÿ;<br />
poena capîtis – ñòðàòà; dare poenam<br />
– íåñòè ïîêàðàííÿ<br />
poeniteo – äèâ.: paeniteo<br />
poeta, ae m – ïîåò<br />
polio, ivi, itum, ire – ðîáèòè ãëàäêèì,<br />
ïîë³ðóâàòè<br />
polliceor, pollicî tus sum, eri – îá³öÿòè,<br />
äàâàòè îá³öÿíêó<br />
pollicitatio, onis f – îá³öÿíêà; îäíîá³÷íå<br />
çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ îñîáè çä³éñíèòè òîé àáî<br />
³íøèé âèä ðîá³ò ó ñóñï³ëüíèõ ³íòåðåñàõ<br />
(íàïðèêëàä, óñòàíîâèòè ìîíóìåíò<br />
àáî ïðîêëàñòè äîðîãó â îçíàìåíóâàííÿ<br />
ñâîãî âñòóïó íà ïîñàäó)<br />
pomum, i n – ïë³ä (ïåðåâàæíî òîé, ÿêèé<br />
çðîñòຠíà äåðåâ³)<br />
ponfero, avi, atum, are – çâàæóâàòè, ñóäèòè,<br />
ðîçãëÿäàòè<br />
pondus, ponderis n – âàãà<br />
pono, posui, posîtum, êre – êëàñòè, ðîçòàøîâóâàòè,<br />
âëàøòîâóâàòè, ñêëàäàòè<br />
pons, pontis m – ì³ñò<br />
pontîfex, fîcis m – ïîíòèô³ê, æðåöü<br />
popularis, e – íàðîäíèé, ïîïóëÿðíèé,<br />
çàãàëüíîäîñòóïíèé, âóëüãàðíèé<br />
popûlo, avi, atum, are – ñïóñòîøóâàòè,<br />
ðîçîðÿòè<br />
popûlus, i m – íàðîä, þðáà; áåçë³÷ ëþäåé;<br />
popûlum facêre – ðîáèòè<br />
ñï³ëüíèì íàäáàííÿì<br />
porro – äàë³, óïåðåä; ó ñâîþ ÷åðãó;<br />
á³ëüø òîãî<br />
porta, ae f – âîðîòà<br />
portio, onis f – ÷àñòèíà, ÷àñòêà, ïðîïîðö³ÿ<br />
porto, avi, atum, are – íåñòè, âåçòè<br />
posco, poposci, -, êre – âèìàãàòè<br />
positio, onis f – ïîñàäêà, ïîëîæåííÿ; ïîçèö³ÿ;<br />
îáëàñòü<br />
posîtus, a, um – äèâ.: pono<br />
possessio, onis f – âîëîä³ííÿ, ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ;<br />
bonorum possessio – ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ<br />
ñïàäùèíîþ (äîçâîëÿëîñÿ<br />
ïðåòîðîì ó ñóïåðå÷ö³ äâîõ ïîòåíö³éíèõ<br />
ñïàäêîºìö³â)<br />
possessor, oris m – âëàñíèê<br />
possibîlis, e – ìîæëèâèé, çä³éñíåííèé<br />
possideo, sedi, sessum, ere – âîëîä³òè<br />
possum, potui, -, posse – ìîãòè, áóòè<br />
ñïðîìîæíèì, áóòè çäàòíèì, áóòè â<br />
çìîç³<br />
post (ç acc.) – ï³ñëÿ, çà<br />
postea – ï³ñëÿ öüîãî, ï³çí³øå<br />
posteaquam – ï³ñëÿ òîãî ÿê<br />
postêri, orum m – íàùàäêè<br />
posterior, posterius –ï³çí³øèé<br />
postliminium, ii n – ïðàâî ïîâåðíóòèñÿ<br />
íà áàòüê³âùèíó ³ â³äíîâëåííÿ â ïðàâàõ<br />
ï³ñëÿ ïîëîíó<br />
postquam – ï³ñëÿ òîãî ÿê, ç òèõ ï³ð ÿê<br />
postremus, a, um – îñòàíí³é<br />
postremo – íàðåøò³, çðåøòîþ<br />
postulatio, onis f – âèìîãà (çâåðíåíà â³ä<br />
³ìåí³ ïîçèâà÷à ïîñàäîâ³é îñîá³)<br />
postûlo, avi, atum, are – âèìàãàòè, âèñóâàòè<br />
âèìîãè (ó òîìó ÷èñë³ â ñóäîâîìó<br />
ïîðÿäêó), îáâèíóâà÷óâàòè; ïðîñèòè;<br />
reum postulare de alîqua re – çàëó÷àòè<br />
äî ñóäó â ñïðàâ³ ïðî<br />
ùî-íåáóäü<br />
posui – äèâ.: pono<br />
potens, entis – participium praesentis<br />
activi â³ä posse (äèâ.: possum; ìîãóòí³é;<br />
âïëèâîâèé; çäàòíèé, ùî â쳺)<br />
potentia, ae f – ìîãóòí³ñòü, âïëèâ, ñèëà<br />
potêram , potêro, potuêras, potuêro … –<br />
äèâ.: possum<br />
potest – äèâ.: possum<br />
potestas, atis f – âëàäà (çîêðåìà<br />
áàòüê³âñüêà âëàäà); potestas gladii –<br />
áóêâ.: âëàäà ìå÷à (òîáòî ïðàâî çàñòîñîâóâàòè<br />
ñèëó)<br />
potior, potitus sum, iri – çàâîëîä³âàòè,<br />
çàõîïëþâàòè<br />
potis, e – ìîãóòí³é, ñèëüíèé, çäàòíèé;<br />
âàæëèâèé<br />
potius – ñêîð³øå, êðàùå<br />
poto, avi, atum (potum), are – âèïèòè,<br />
íàïèòèñÿ<br />
potui – äèâ.: possum<br />
prae (ç abl.) – ïåðåä, íà ÷îë³<br />
praebeo, bui, bî tum, ere – ïðîòÿãàòè,<br />
äàâàòè, íàäàâàòè, âèêëèêàòè, ðîáèòè;<br />
se praebere – òðèìàòè ñåáå, òðèìàòèñÿ<br />
praecedo, cessi, cessum, êre – ïåðåäóâàòè,<br />
éòè ïåðåä; ìàòè ïåðåâàãó<br />
229
praeceptio, onis f – ïðåöåïö³ÿ (îäåðæàííÿ<br />
÷àñòêè ñïàäùèíè äî ¿¿ ðîçïîä³ëó);<br />
ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ<br />
praeceptor, oris m – íàñòàâíèê, ó÷èòåëü<br />
praeceptum, i n – ïðàâèëî, ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ,<br />
ïðèíöèï<br />
praecido, cidi, cisum, êre – ïåðåð³çàòè<br />
praecipio, cepi, ceptum, êre – áðàòè<br />
íàïåðåä, îäåðæóâàòè çàçäàëåã³äü, íàêàçóâàòè,<br />
óêàçóâàòè; ðåêîìåíäóâàòè<br />
praecipî to, avi, atum, are – ïðàãíóòè,<br />
ïåðåêèäàòè, ðóéíóâàòè, íàáëèæàòè äî<br />
çàãèáåë³<br />
praecipue – ïåðåâàæíî, ó ïåðøó ÷åðãó<br />
praeclare – ïðåêðàñíî<br />
praeclarus, a, um – ïðåêðàñíèé, äóæå<br />
ñëàâíèé<br />
praeda, ae f – âèäîáóòîê, áàðèø<br />
praedicatio, onis f – ïðîãîëîøåííÿ, ïîõâàëà,<br />
ïðîñëàâëÿííÿ<br />
praedium, ii n – ìàºòîê, âîëîä³ííÿ<br />
praedor, atus sum, ari – ãðàáóâàòè, çáàãà÷óâàòèñÿ<br />
praeest – äèâ.: praesum<br />
praefectura, ae f – ïîñàäà äîãëÿäà÷à,<br />
íà÷àëüíèêà; ïðåôåêòóðà<br />
praefectus, i m – ïðåôåêò; praefectus<br />
urbi – ì³ñüêèé ïðåôåêò (ïîñàäîâà îñîáà<br />
ç êîëèøí³õ êîíñóë³â, ùî â³äàº<br />
ïîë³ö³ºþ ³ âîëî䳺 ñóäîâîþ ïðàâîìî÷í³ñòþ)<br />
praefêro, tûli, latum, ferre – íàäàâàòè<br />
ïåðåâàãó, âèñóâàòè íà ïåðøèé ïëàí<br />
praefinio, ivi (ii), itum, ire – íàïåðåä óñòàíîâëþâàòè,<br />
çàçäàëåã³äü âèçíà÷àòè<br />
praefoco, avi, atum, are – äóøèòè, çàäóøèòè<br />
praegnas, atis – âàã³òíà<br />
praegnans, antis – âàã³òíà<br />
praeiudicialis, e – ñòîñîâíèé äî ïîïåðåäíüîãî<br />
ñóäîâîãî ð³øåííÿ; ùî çàâäàº<br />
øêîäè<br />
praeiudicium, ii n – ïîïåðåäíº ð³øåííÿ;<br />
çáèòîê<br />
praemium, ii n – íàãîðîäà, çíàê<br />
â³äì³ííîñò³, ïåðåâàãà, â³äì³íí³ñòü,<br />
äîáëåñòü<br />
praepâro, avi, atum, are – ãîòóâàòè,<br />
áóòè ãîòîâèì<br />
praepono, posui, posîtum, êre – â³ääàâàòè<br />
ïåðåâàãó, âèñóâàòè íà ïåðøèé<br />
ïëàí<br />
230<br />
praeposîtum, i n – ïåðåâàãà, áëàãî<br />
praeposîtus, i m – âèùåñòîÿùèé, êîìàíäèð<br />
praepôtens, entis – ìîãóòí³é<br />
praescriptio, onis f – ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ;<br />
çàïåðå÷åííÿ<br />
praescriptum, i n – óñòàíîâëåí³ ìåæ³;<br />
ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ<br />
praesens, praesentis – ïðèñóòí³é, ä³éñíèé<br />
praeses, îdis m – íàì³ñíèê, ãîëîâà<br />
praesideo, sedi, sessum, ere – ãîëîâóâàòè<br />
praesidium, ii n – çàõèñò<br />
praesîtus, a, um – äèâ.: praesto<br />
praesto – â³äðàçó, ï³ä ðóêîþ, íàïîãîòîâ³<br />
praesto, stîti, stîtum, are – ïðåäñòàâèòè,<br />
âèÿâèòè; â³äïîâ³äàòè (çà êîãîñü, çà<br />
ùîñü), íåñòè â³äïîâ³äàëüí³ñòü; ïåðåâåðøóâàòè,<br />
çàéìàòè á³ëüø âèñîêå<br />
ïîëîæåííÿ; ïîÿñíèòè; çàïîä³þâàòè,<br />
ñòàâàòè ïðè÷èíîþ<br />
praesum, praefui, -, praeesse – áóòè<br />
ïîïåðåäó, î÷îëþâàòè, êåðóâàòè;<br />
iurisdictioni praeesse – ìàòè þðèñäèêö³þ<br />
praetendo, tendi, tentum, êre – âèòÿãàòè,<br />
ïðîòÿãàòè; íàâîäèòè ó âèïðàâäàííÿ<br />
praeter (ç acc.) – êð³ì<br />
praeterea – êð³ì òîãî, äî òîãî æ<br />
praetereo, ii (ivi), itum, ire – ïðîõîäèòè,<br />
ìèíàòè; îáõîäèòè, íå çãàäóâàòè<br />
praeterii – äèâ.: praetereo<br />
praeterîta, orum n – ìèíóëå, ùî ìèíóëî<br />
praeterîtus, a, um – ìèíóëèé<br />
praetermitto, misi, missum, êre – óïóñòòè,<br />
ïðîïóñêàòè, çàëèøàòè áåç óâàãè<br />
praeterquam – êð³ì, çà âèíÿòêîì âèïàäê³â<br />
I praetextus, a, um – çàêðèòèé<br />
II praetextus, us m – ïðèêðàñà, ðåìîíò;<br />
sub prsetextu – ï³ä çàñòóïíèöòâîì,<br />
ï³ä çàõèñòîì, ï³ä ïðèâîäîì<br />
praetor, oris m – ïðåòîð<br />
praetorius, a, um – ïðåòîðñüêèé<br />
praetura, ae f – ïðåòóðà, ïîñàäà ïðåòîðà<br />
praevalantia, ae f – ïåðåâàãà, âåðõîâåíñòâî<br />
praevaleo, valui, -, ere – îäåðæóâàòè<br />
ïåðåâàãó, ïåðåâàæàòè, âçÿòè ãîðó
praevaricatio, onis f – äâîðóøíèöòâî,<br />
ëóêàâñòâî<br />
praevaricator, oris m – äâîðóøíèê<br />
praevaricor, atus sum, ari – ä³ÿòè ïîñåðåäíüî,<br />
êðèâèòè äóøåþ, äâîðóøíè-<br />
÷àòè; óõèëÿòèñÿ â³ä ïðÿìîãî øëÿõó,<br />
ïîòàé ñïðèÿòè ïðîòèâí³é ñòîðîí³<br />
praevenio, veni, ventum, ire – âèïåðåäæàòè,<br />
ïîïåðåäæàòè, ïåðåäóâàòè,<br />
â³äáóâàòèñÿ ðàí³ø<br />
prandium, ii n – ñí³äàíîê<br />
praecarium, ii n – ïðåêàð³é (â³äíîøåííÿ,<br />
ùî çâ’ÿçóº òèì÷àñîâîãî êîðèñòóâà÷à<br />
ðå÷³ ç ¿¿ âëàñíèêîì, êîëè ð³÷<br />
ïîâåðòàºòüñÿ äî ôàêòè÷íîãî âëàñíèêà<br />
çà ïåðøîþ éîãî âèìîãîþ)<br />
preces, um f – ïðîõàííÿ, áëàãàííÿ<br />
precor, atus sum, ari – ìîëèòè<br />
prehendo (prendo), prehendi (prendi),<br />
prehensum (prensum), êre – áðàòè,<br />
çàõîïëþâàòè, îõîïëþâàòè; ñïðèéìàòè<br />
premo, pressi, pressum, êre – äàâèòè,<br />
çíåâàæàòè, òîïòàòè<br />
pretiosus, a, um – êîøòîâíèé<br />
pretium, ii m – ö³íà, âàðò³ñòü<br />
primum – ñïî÷àòêó, ñïîêîíâ³÷íî, ó ïåðøó<br />
÷åðãó, ïî-ïåðøå<br />
primus, a, um – ïåðøèé<br />
I princeps, cîpis m – ïðèíöåïñ; ãîëîâà<br />
äåðæàâè, «ïåðøà îñîáà»; ³ìïåðàòîð;<br />
ãîëîâà<br />
II princeps, princîpis – ïåðøèé, ãîëîâíèé<br />
principalis, e – ãîëîâíèé, îñíîâíèé; òîé,<br />
ùî ñòîñóºòüñÿ ïðèíöåïñó, ³ìïåðàòîðñüêèé<br />
principiium, ii n – ïî÷àòîê<br />
prior, prius – ïåðøèé (³ç äâîõ), á³ëüø<br />
ðàíí³é, êîëèøí³é, äàâí³é; á³ëüø<br />
çíà÷íèé; êðàùèé<br />
priscus, a, um – êîëèøí³é, äàâí³é,<br />
ïàòð³àðõàëüíèé<br />
pristinus, a, um – êîëèøí³é<br />
priusquam – ïåðø í³æ<br />
privatim – ó ïðèâàòíîìó ïîðÿäêó; ïðèâàòíî,<br />
ç ïîãëÿäó ïðèâàòíî¿ îñîáè<br />
I privatus, a, um – ïðèâàòíèé<br />
II privatus, i m – ïðèâàòíà îñîáà<br />
privelegium, ii n – çàêîí, âèäàíèé íà<br />
êîðèñòü àáî ïðîòè îäí³º¿ îñîáè; îñîáëèâå<br />
ïðàâî, ïðèâ³ëåé<br />
privo, avi, atum, are – â³äí³ìàòè, ïîçáàâëÿòè<br />
pro (ç abl.) – çà, íà çàõèñò, äëÿ, çàðàäè,<br />
çàì³ñòü<br />
probatio, onis f – ñõâàëåííÿ; äîêàç<br />
probatus, a, um – ùî çàñëóãîâóº ñõâàëåííÿ<br />
probe – ïðàâèëüíî, äîáðå, íàëåæíèì<br />
÷èíîì<br />
probo, avi, atum, are – äîâîäèòè, ñõâàëþâàòè;<br />
ï³äòâåðäæóâàòè; âèïðîáóâàòè<br />
probrum, i n – ãàíüáà, ãàíåáíèé â÷èíîê<br />
procîdo, cîdi, -, êre – ïàäàòè, ïðîñòèðàòèñÿ<br />
procinctus, us m – îïåð³çóâàííÿ, ãîòîâí³ñòü;<br />
in procinctu – ïåðåä áîºì<br />
proclamo, avi, atum, ar – ïðîãîëîøóâàòè,<br />
íàïîëåãëèâî âèìàãàòè<br />
proconsul, is m – ïðîêîíñóë<br />
procreo, avi, atum, are – íàðîäæóâàòè<br />
procurator, oris m – äîâ³ðåíà îñîáà,<br />
ïîâ³ðíèê, óïîâíîâàæåíèé<br />
procuro, avi, atum, are – ï³êëóâàòèñÿ,<br />
îï³êóâàòè, îáñëóãîâóâàòè, ðîáèòè<br />
ïîñëóãè<br />
prodeo, ii (ivi), î tum, ire – âèõîäèòè;<br />
âèñòóïàòè; prodîtum est – ç’ÿâèëîñÿ,<br />
âèíèêëî<br />
prodest – äèâ.: prosum<br />
prodîtor, oris m – çðàäíèê<br />
prodigiosus, a, um – äèâíèé, íåçâè÷àéíèé,<br />
íåïðèðîäíèé<br />
prodîgus, i m – ìàðíîòðàò<br />
prodîtus, a, um – äèâ.: prodo, prodeo<br />
prodo, dî di, dî tum, êre – âåñòè äàë³,<br />
ïðîäîâæóâàòè; ïðèíîñèòü ó æåðòâó;<br />
ïîâ³äîìëÿòè, âèäàâàòè<br />
produco, duxi, ductum, êre – âèâîäèòè,<br />
íàâîäèòè<br />
proelium, ii n – áèòâà, á³é<br />
profanus, a, um – ïîçáàâëåíèé ñâÿòîñò³,<br />
íåîñâÿ÷åíèé<br />
profêro, tûli, latum, ferre – âèíîñèòè,<br />
îïóáë³êóâàòè, ïîâ³äîìëÿòè, â³äêðèâàòè;<br />
ïðåäñòàâëÿòè, ïîêàçóâàòè, äîâîäèòè<br />
äî â³äîìà; âèÿâëÿòè<br />
professio, onis f – âèçíàííÿ, òâåðäæåííÿ<br />
professor, oris m – âèêëàäà÷<br />
professus, a, um – äèâ.: profiteor<br />
proficio, feci, fectum, êre – ðóõàòèñÿ,<br />
éòè, äîìàãàòèñÿ, äîïîìàãàòè, âèêîíóâàòè<br />
ä³þ<br />
231
proficiscor, fectus sum, ficisci – íàïðàâëÿòèñÿ,<br />
â³äïðàâëÿòèñÿ<br />
profiteor, fessus sum, eri – ïîâ³äîìëÿòè,<br />
â³äêðèòî çàÿâëÿòè, ïðÿìî ãîâîðèòè,<br />
âèçíàâàòè; âèêëàäàòè<br />
profui – äèâ.: prosum<br />
profundum, i n – áåçîäíÿ<br />
prognata, ae f – íàùàäîê (æ³íî÷î¿ ñòàò³)<br />
prognatus, i m – íàùàäîê<br />
progredior, gressus sum, grêdi – ðóõàòèñÿ<br />
âïåðåä<br />
prohibeo, bui, bîtum, ere – çàáîðîíÿòè,<br />
ïåðåøêîäæàòè; prohibere alîqua re –<br />
â³äìîâëÿòè â ÷îìó-íåáóäü, ïåðåøêîäæàòè<br />
ó âèêîðèñòàíí³ ÷îãî-íåáóäü<br />
prohibîtus, a, um – äèâ.: prohibeo<br />
proiicio (proicio), ieci, iectum, êre –<br />
â³äêèäàòè, çâàëþâàòè, âèãàíÿòè<br />
proinde – òîìó; ó òàêèé ñàìå ñïîñ³á<br />
prolixus, a, um – òðèâàëèé<br />
proloquor, locutus sum, loqui – îáìîâèòèñÿ<br />
Prometheus, i m – Ïðîìåòåé<br />
promiscue – ðàçîì, ñï³ëüíî<br />
promissum, i n – îá³öÿíêà, ïîðóêà;<br />
promissis stare – âèêîíóâàòè îá³öÿíêè<br />
promitto, misi, missum, êre – îá³öÿòè<br />
pronêpos, potis m – ïðàâíóê<br />
proneptis, is f – ïðàâíó÷êà<br />
pronuntiatio, onis f – îãîëîøåííÿ ð³øåííÿ<br />
pronuntio, avi, atum, are – ïîâ³äîìëÿòè,<br />
âèíîñèòè ð³øåííÿ; äåêëàìóâàòè<br />
propago, avi, atum, are – ðîçøèðþâàòè,<br />
ðîçñîâóâàòè<br />
I prope (ç acc.) – ïîáëèçó<br />
II prope (ïðèñë.) – ìàéæå, ïðèáëèçíî;<br />
ìàáóòü<br />
propêro, avi, atum, are – ïîñï³øàòè, éòè<br />
propinquus, a, um – áëèçüêèé<br />
propior, ius – á³ëüø áëèçüêèé<br />
propitius, a, um – ïðèõèëüíèé<br />
propono, posui, posîtum, êre – ïðîïîíóâàòè,<br />
ïðèïóñêàòè; ðîçïîâ³äàòè,<br />
ïîâ³äîìëÿòè<br />
proposîtus, a, um – äèâ.: propono<br />
proprie – âëàñíå, ó âëàñíîìó ðîçóì³íí³<br />
propriêtas, atis f – «ãîëà» âëàñí³ñòü<br />
proprius, a, um – âëàñíèé, âëàñòèâèé<br />
propter (ç acc.) – óíàñë³äîê<br />
propterea – ç ö³º¿ ïðè÷èíè, òîìó<br />
propulso, avi, atum, are – â³äáèâàòè,<br />
óñóâàòè; â³äâåðòàòè<br />
232<br />
Proserpî na, ae f – Ïðîçåðï³íà (áîãèíÿ<br />
ï³äçåìíîãî öàðñòâà)<br />
prospêre – ñïðèÿòëèâî, ùàñëèâî, áëàãîïîëó÷íî<br />
prospêro, avi, atum, are – ñïðèÿòè, îñÿÿòè<br />
ùàñòÿì, äàðóâàòè óñï³õ<br />
prospicio, spexi, spectum, êre – äèâèòèñÿ<br />
âïåðåä, çàäèâëÿòèñÿ âäàëèíó,<br />
ï³êëóâàòèñÿ<br />
prostituo, stitui, stitutum, êre – âèñòàâëÿòè<br />
äëÿ ðîçïóñòè, ïðîñòèòóþâàòè<br />
prosum, profui, -, prodesse – ïðèíîñèòè<br />
êîðèñòü, áóòè âèã³äíèì, äîïîìàãàòè<br />
protêgo, texi, tectum, êre – ïîêðèâàòè,<br />
óêðèâàòè, áðàòè ï³ä çàõèñò, äîïîìàãàòè,<br />
îï³êàòè<br />
protînus – íåãàéíî, ðàçîì, çàðàç<br />
proverbium, ii n – ïðèñë³â’ÿ<br />
provideo, vidi, visum, ere – ðàí³øå ïîáà÷èòè,<br />
çàçäàëåã³äü ï³êëóâàòèñÿ, ïåðåäáà÷àòè<br />
provincia, ae f – ïðîâ³íö³ÿ<br />
provincialis, e – ïðîâ³íö³éíèé, ùî çíàõîäèòüñÿ<br />
â (àáî íàëåæèòü äî)<br />
ïðîâ³íö³¿<br />
provincialis, is m – æèòåëü ïðîâ³íö³¿,<br />
ïðîâ³íö³àë<br />
provôco, avi, atum, are – çâåðòàòèñÿ (íàïðèêëàä,<br />
ç àïåëÿö³ºþ), îñêàðæèòè;<br />
âèêëèêàòè, âîëàòè; çàïðîøóâàòè, äîïóñêàòè<br />
proxîme – äóæå áëèçüêî; çîâñ³ì íåäàâíî<br />
proxî mus, a, um – íàéáëèæ÷èé;<br />
áëèæí³é<br />
prudens, entis – ðîçóìíèé, òîé, ùî çíàº;<br />
þðèñò<br />
prudenter – ðîçóìíî<br />
prudentia, ae f – íàóêà; iuris prudentia<br />
– ïðàâîçíàâñòâî<br />
psalterium, ii n – ïñàëòåð³é (ñòðóííèé<br />
³íñòðóìåíò); äåêëàìàö³ÿ ï³ä àêîìïàíåìåíò<br />
ïñàëòåð³þ<br />
pubertas, atis f – ïîâíîë³òòÿ<br />
pubes, êris – ïîâíîë³òí³é, çð³ëèé<br />
pubesco, pubui, -, êre – äîñÿãàòè çð³ëîñò³,<br />
ìóæí³òè, ñòàâàòè ïîâíîë³òí³ì<br />
publicanus, i m – ìèòàð<br />
publî ce – îô³ö³éíî, ïðèâñåëþäíî, ç<br />
íàö³îíàëüíî¿ òî÷êè çîðó, â ³íòåðåñàõ<br />
äåðæàâè<br />
publî co, avi, atum, are – ðîáèòè<br />
ñï³ëüíèì íàäáàííÿì, â³äêðèâàòè äëÿ<br />
óñ³õ, êîíô³ñêóâàòè
publîcus, a, um – ñóñï³ëüíèé, ïóáë³÷íèé<br />
pudicitia, ae f – ñîðîìëèâ³ñòü,<br />
ñêðîìí³ñòü, öíîòëèâ³ñòü<br />
pudor, oris m – ñîðîì, ÷åñòü<br />
puer, i m – õëîï÷èê, äèòèíà<br />
pugnus, i m – êóðêóëü; óäàð êóðêóëÿ<br />
pulcher, chra, chrum – êðàñèâèé<br />
pulsatio, onis f – óäàðè, ïîáèòòÿ; íàñèëüñòâî<br />
pulso, avi, atum, are – áèòè<br />
pulsus, a, um – äèâ.: pello<br />
pulsus, us m – óäàð<br />
pulvinus, i m – ïîäóøêà<br />
pulvis, êris m – ïèë, ïîðîõ<br />
pumicatus, a, um – âèãëàäæåíèé, âèëîùåíèé<br />
punio, ivi, itum, ire – íàêàçóâàòè, êàðàòè<br />
pupillus, i m – ï³äîï³÷íèé<br />
puppis, is f – êîðìà<br />
pure – ÷èñòî, ó ÷èñòîìó âèãëÿä³<br />
purgo, avi, atum, are – î÷èùàòè, ðîç÷èùàòè;<br />
çâ³ëüíèòè â³ä îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ,<br />
îá³ëèòè, î÷èñòèòè â³ä ï³äîçð<br />
purpureus, a, um – ïóðïóðíèé<br />
purus, a, um – ÷èñòèé<br />
pusillus, a, um – êðèõ³òíèé, äóæå ìàëåíüêèé,<br />
ñëàáêèé<br />
puta – íàïðèêëàä<br />
puteum, i n – êîëîäÿçü<br />
puto, avi, atum, are – äóìàòè, ãàäàòè,<br />
ââàæàòè; çâàæóâàòè; ðîçðàõîâóâàòèñÿ<br />
pyxis, îdis f – êîðîáî÷êà, áàíî÷êà<br />
Q<br />
Q. = Quintus – Êâ³íò<br />
qua – òóäè, äå; ÿê<br />
quadraginta – ñîðîê<br />
quadriga, ae f – êâàäðèãà (÷åòâåðíà çàïðÿæêà)<br />
quadringenti – ÷îòèðèñòà<br />
quadrûpes, êdis – ÷îòèðèíîãèé<br />
quadrûpes, êdis m (f) – ÷îòèðèíîãà òâàðèíà<br />
quadruplum, i n – ÷îòèðè ðàçè, ÷îòèðèðàçîâà<br />
ñóìà<br />
quaero, quaesivi (quaesii), quaesitum,<br />
êre – çàïèòóâàòè, øóêàòè, ðîçñë³äóâàòè;<br />
vulgo (volgo) quaesî tus – íàðîäæåíèé<br />
ïîçà øëþáîì<br />
quaesîtus, a, um – äèâ.: quaero<br />
quaestio, onis f – ïèòàííÿ; íàñë³äîê, äîïèò<br />
quaestor, oris m – êâåñòîð (ìàã³ñòðàò<br />
íèæ÷îãî ðàíãó, íà ÿêîãî ïîêëàäàëèñÿ<br />
ð³çí³ àäì³í³ñòðàòèâí³ ³ ô³íàíñîâ³<br />
ôóíêö³¿; êâåñòîðè áóëè ïîì³÷íèêàìè<br />
êîíñóë³â, åäèë³â, çàì³ùàëè ïðåòîð³â ó<br />
Ðèì³ àáî íàì³ñíèê³â ó ïðîâ³íö³¿)<br />
quaestuarius, a, um – ïðîäàæíèé, ùî<br />
ïðèíîñèòü äîõ³ä; òîé, ùî âèñòóïຠÿê<br />
çàñ³á íàæèâè<br />
quaestus, us m – ïðèáóòîê, äîõ³ä, çàðîá³òîê,<br />
ïðîôåñ³ÿ<br />
qualis, e – ÿêèé, ÿêèéñü<br />
qualîtas, atis f – ÿê³ñòü<br />
quam – ÿê; ÷èì<br />
quamdiu – ÿê äîâãî, ñê³ëüêè, ïðîòÿãîì<br />
òîãî ÷àñó, ïîêè<br />
quamvis – õî÷à, íåçâàæàþ÷è íà òå, ùî;<br />
íåõàé ³<br />
quamquam – õî÷à, íåçâàæàþ÷è íà òå,<br />
ùî; íåõàé ³<br />
quando – êîëè; îñê³ëüêè<br />
quandoque – êîëè á í³, êîæíîãî ðàçó ÿê<br />
quandoquîdem – òîìó ùî, îñê³ëüêè<br />
quantîtas, atis f – ê³ëüê³ñòü<br />
quanto – íàñê³ëüêè, äî ÿêî¿ ì³ðè; â ò³é<br />
ì³ð³, íàñò³ëüêè æ, íàñê³ëüêè<br />
quantum – ñê³ëüêè, íàñê³ëüêè<br />
quantus, a, um – ÿêèé (çà âåëè÷èíîþ)<br />
quare – òîìó<br />
quarta, ae f – ÷âåðòü<br />
quartus, a, um – ÷åòâåðòèé<br />
quasi – íà÷åáòî, ÿê áè, íåìîâ, í³áèòî,<br />
ÿêáè<br />
quatênus – îñê³ëüêè<br />
quater – ÷îòèðè ðàçè<br />
quaterni, ae, a – ïî ÷îòèðè<br />
quattuor – ÷îòèðè<br />
quattuordêcim – ÷îòèðíàäöÿòü<br />
-que – ³<br />
quemadmôdum – ÿêèì ÷èíîì; òî÷íî òàê<br />
ñàìî; ÿê, íàïðèêëàä<br />
quarela, ae f – ñóäîâà ñêàðãà<br />
queror, questus sum, queri – ñêàðæèòèñÿ,<br />
íàð³êàòè (de … – íà êîãîñü)<br />
I qui(s), quae, quod – ÿêèé, êîòðèé; õòî,<br />
ùî; òîé, êîòðèé; â³í<br />
II qui, qua (quae), quod – äåÿêèé<br />
quia – òîìó ùî, îñê³ëüêè; ùî<br />
quicumque, quaecumque, quidcumque –<br />
õî÷ áè õòî òàì áóâ<br />
233
quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque<br />
– õî÷ áè ÿêèé<br />
quid – ùî, ÷îìó, íàâ³ùî<br />
quidam, quaedam, quiddam – õòîñü<br />
quidam, quaedam, quoddam – ÿêèéñü<br />
quidem – õî÷à ³, ç îäí³º¿ ñòîðîíè;<br />
quidem … vero – õî÷à … îäíàê; ne<br />
quidem – íàâ³òü íå<br />
quies, etis f – ñïîê³é<br />
quiesco, quievi, quietum, êre – âùóõàòè,<br />
çàñïîêîþâàòèñÿ, çàëèøàòèñÿ<br />
ñïîê³éíèì, æèòè ó ìèð³; ìîâ÷àòè,<br />
óòðèìóâàòèñÿ â³ä âèñëîâëåííÿ<br />
quilibet, quaelibet, quidlibet – õòî-íåáóäü,<br />
õòî çàâãîäíî<br />
quilî bet, quaelî bet, quodlî bet – ÿêèéíåáóäü,<br />
ÿêèé çàâãîäíî<br />
quin – ùî; ÷îìó æ íå; quin immo – ³<br />
íàâ³òü<br />
quindêcim – ï’ÿòíàäöÿòü<br />
quingenti – ï’ÿòñîò<br />
quini, ae, a – ïî ï’ÿòü<br />
quinquagies – 50 ðàç³â<br />
quinquaginta – ï’ÿòäåñÿò<br />
quinque – ï’ÿòü<br />
quinquennium, ii n – ï’ÿòü ðîê³â,<br />
ï’ÿòèë³òòÿ<br />
quinquies – ï’ÿòü ðàç³â<br />
quintus, a, um – ï’ÿòèé<br />
quippe – çâè÷àéíî, ðîçó쳺òüñÿ; quippe<br />
cum – òîìó ùî, àäæå, áåçñóìí³âíî<br />
quinque, quaeque, quodque – êîæåí<br />
Quirites, ium m – êâ³ðèòè, ðèìëÿíè; ius<br />
Quiritium – ïðàâî ðèìñüêîãî ãðîìàäÿíñòâà<br />
I quis, qua (quae), quid – õòîñü, ùîñü<br />
II quis, quid – õòî, ùî<br />
quispiam, quidpiam – õòî-íåáóäü<br />
quispiam,quaepiam, quodpiam – ÿêèéíåáóäü<br />
quisquam, quidquam (quicquam) – õòîíåáóäü<br />
quisque, quidque – êîæåí<br />
quisquis, quidquid – õòî á íå, ùî á íå<br />
quisquis, quaequae, quodquod – õî÷ áè<br />
ÿêèé, áóäü-ÿêèé<br />
quivis, quaevis, quidvis – õòî çàâãîäíî<br />
quivis, quaevis, quodvis – ÿêèé çàâãîäíî<br />
quo – êóäè<br />
quod – ùî; òå, ùî; îñê³ëüêè, ÷îìó; quod<br />
si – ÿêùî æ<br />
234<br />
quodammôdo – äåÿêèì ÷èíîì, ó ïåâíîìó<br />
ðîçóì³íí³<br />
quodcirca – òîìó<br />
quomînus – ùî íå, ùîá íå<br />
quomôdo – ÿê, ÿêèì ÷èíîì; quomôdo si<br />
– ÿêáè<br />
quondam – í³êîëè, êîëèñü<br />
quoniam – îñê³ëüêè, òîìó ùî<br />
quoque – òàêîæ<br />
quot – ñê³ëüêè<br />
quotannis – ùîð³÷íî, ùîðîêó<br />
quotiens (quoties) – îñê³ëüêè, óñÿêèé ðàç<br />
ÿê, ñê³ëüêè ðàç³â<br />
quum – äèâ.: cum II<br />
R<br />
radix, icis f – êîð³íü<br />
rado, rasi, rasum, êre – ñêîáëèòè, ñêðåáòè,<br />
ç÷èùàòè, ãîëèòè<br />
rapina, ae f – ïîãðàáóâàííÿ<br />
rapio, rapui, raptum, êre – âèñòà÷àòè,<br />
çàõîïëþâàòè, âèêðàäàòè, óìèêàòè<br />
raro – ð³äêî, çð³äêà<br />
rarus, a, um – ð³äêèé<br />
rasus, a, um – äèâ.: rado<br />
ratio, onis f – ðîçóì, ðîçóìí³ñòü, ïðè÷èíà,<br />
äîâ³ä, ðîçóì³ííÿ, ðåçîí, ïîðÿäîê;<br />
ðàõóíîê; ïðèáóòêîâî-âèäàòêîâà êíèãà;<br />
ñèñòåìà; qua ratione – ÿêèì ÷èíîì,<br />
ÿêèì ñïîñîáîì<br />
ratus, a, um – äèâ.: reor<br />
rea, ae f – îáâèíóâà÷åíà, ï³äñóäíà<br />
recedo, cessi, cessum, êre – â³äñòóïàòè,<br />
á³ãòè; ðîçõîäèòèñÿ, â³äð³çíÿòèñÿ;<br />
â³ääàëÿòèñÿ, óõèëÿòèñÿ<br />
recenseo, censui, censum (censîtum), ere<br />
– ïåðåðàõîâóâàòè, îãëÿäàòè<br />
recepi – äèâ.: recipio<br />
receptor, oris m – çíîâó çäîáóâ, ùî<br />
â³äâîþâàâ; ïðèõîâóâà÷<br />
receptus, a, um – äèâ.: recipio<br />
recido, cîdi, casum, êre – ïàäàòè íàçàä;<br />
çíîâó ïåðåõîäèòè, ïîâåðòàòèñÿ; çíîâó<br />
íàäõîäèòè, âåðòàòèñÿ<br />
recipio, cepi, ceptum, êre – çíîâó çíàõîäèòè;<br />
ïðèéìàòè, äîïóñêàòè, ñïðèéìàòè;<br />
ïîì³ùàòè; recipêre se – ïîâåðíóòèñÿ<br />
recîto, avi, atum, are – ÷èòàòè (óãîëîñ),<br />
îãîëîøóâàòè<br />
reclamo, avi, atum, are – ãîëîñíî çàïå-
ðå÷óâàòè, ãàëàñëèâî ïðîòåñòóâàòè,<br />
ãîëîñíî âèêðèêóâàòè<br />
recludo, clusi, clusum, êre – â³äìèêàòè,<br />
â³ä³ìêíóòè<br />
recôlo, colui, cultum, êre – çíîâó îáðîáëÿòè;<br />
çíîâó çãàäóâàòè<br />
reconciliatio, onis f – ïðèìèðåííÿ<br />
reconsilio, avi, atum, are – çíîâó ç’ºäíóâàòè,<br />
âîç’ºäíóâàòè, ìèðèòè<br />
recondo, dîdi, dîtum, êre – õîâàòè, ñêëàäàòè,<br />
çàêëàäàòè<br />
recorrîgo, rexi, rectum, êre – âèïðàâëÿòè,<br />
ïîë³ïøóâàòè<br />
recte – ïðÿìî, ïðàâèëüíî, ñïðàâåäëèâî,<br />
ïðàâîì³ðíî<br />
rectus, a, um – ïðÿìèé, ïðàâèëüíèé;<br />
ñïðàâåäëèâèé<br />
recuperator, oris m (pl.) – ðåêóïåðàòîðè,<br />
÷ëåíè ñóäó ç³ ñï³øíèõ ìàéíîâèõ ïèòàíü<br />
recurro, (cu)currit, cursum, êre – ïîâåðòàòèñÿ;<br />
ïîñï³øàòè íàçàä<br />
recuso, avi, atum, are – â³äõèëÿòè,<br />
â³äìîâëÿòè(ñÿ)<br />
reddîtus, a, um – äèâ.: reddo<br />
reddo, dî di, dî tum, êre – ïîâåðòàòè,<br />
â³ääàâàòè; ius reddêre – âåðøèòè ñóä,<br />
ñóäèòè<br />
redeo, ii (ivi), î tum, ire – éòè íàçàä,<br />
ïîâåðòàòèñÿ<br />
redhibeo, bui, bîtum, ere – ïîâåðòàòè<br />
redî go, egi, actum, êre – ãíàòè íàçàä,<br />
íàâîäèòè, çìóøóâàòè; çâåðòàòè, ïåðåäàâàòè<br />
redintegro, avi, atum, are – â³äíîâëþâàòè,<br />
çàïîâíþâàòè<br />
refêro, tûli, latum, ferre – íåñòè íàçàä,<br />
â³äíîñèòè, çâ’ÿçóâàòè; ç³ñòàâëÿòè,<br />
ïîâåðòàòè; â³äíîâëþâàòè, çâåðòàòè;<br />
ïîâ³äîìëÿòè; âêëþ÷àòè, ïðèëó÷àòè<br />
refert, retûlit, referre – âàæëèâî, ìàº<br />
çíà÷åííÿ<br />
reficio, feci, fectum, êre – â³äíîâëþâàòè,<br />
ëàãîäèòè<br />
reformo, avi, atum, are – ïåðåòâîðþâàòè,<br />
ðåôîðìóâàòè<br />
refrico, fricui, fricatum, are – â³äíîâëþâàòè,<br />
çíîâó çáóäæóâàòè<br />
regalis, e – öàðñüêèé<br />
regio, onis f – îáëàñòü<br />
regno, avi, atum, are – öàðþâàòè, áóòè<br />
öàðåì, ïàíóâàòè<br />
regnum, regni n – öàðñòâî, öàðþâàííÿ,<br />
äåðæàâà; regnum coelorum – öàðñòâî<br />
íåáåñíå<br />
rego, rexi, rectu, êre – êåðóâàòè, ïðàâèòè,<br />
ïàíóâàòè; âèïðàâëÿòè; óòî÷íþâàòè,<br />
ðåãóëþâàòè<br />
regredior, gressus sum, grêdi – ïîâåðòàòèñÿ<br />
íàçàä<br />
regûla, ae f – ïðàâèëî, óñòàíîâëåííÿ,<br />
íîðìà<br />
rei – äèâ.: reus àáî res<br />
reicio (reiicio), ieci, iectum, êre – â³äêèäàòè,<br />
â³äãàíÿòè<br />
reicûlus (reiicûlus), a, um – íåã³äíèé,<br />
çàãóáëåíèé, ìàðíèé<br />
relabor, lapsus sum, labi – ñêî÷óâàòèñÿ,<br />
ïîìàëó ïîâåðòàòèñÿ, ïëèñòè íàçàä<br />
relatio, onis f – ïîâ³äîìëåííÿ; â³äíîøåííÿ;<br />
relatio crimî nis – çóñòð³÷íå îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ<br />
relatus, a, um – äèâ.: refêro<br />
relegatio, onis f – ïîñèëàííÿ<br />
relego, avi, atum, are – âèãàíÿòè, çàñèëàòè,<br />
â³äïðàâëÿòè íà âèãíàííÿ<br />
relêvo, avi, atum, are – ï³äí³ìàòè;<br />
çâ³ëüíÿòè â³ä â³äïîâ³äàëüíîñò³<br />
relictus, a, um – äèâ.: relinquo<br />
religio, onis f – ñóìë³íí³ñòü; îáðÿäè, ñâÿòèí³;<br />
îáîâ’ÿçîê, âåäåííÿ<br />
relinquo, liqui, lictum, êre – çàëèøàòè,<br />
êèäàòè<br />
relîquus, a, um – ³íøèé, ùî çàëèøèëè<br />
remaneo, mansi, mansum, êre – çàëèøàòèñÿ,<br />
çáåð³ãàòè<br />
remedium, ii n (ç gen., ç dat.) – çàñ³á, ë³êè<br />
remitto, misi, missum, êre – çàëèøàòè,<br />
óñòóïàòè, ïîñòóïàòèñÿ, âèáà÷àòè;<br />
â³äñèëàòè, ïîñèëàòè íàçàä, íàïðàâëÿòè<br />
remotus, a, um – äèâ.: removeo<br />
removeo, movi, motum, ere – â³äñóâàòè,<br />
âèäàëÿòè, âèëó÷àòè<br />
renuntiatio, onis f – ðîç³ðâàííÿ<br />
renuntio, avi, atum, are – ïîâ³äîìëÿòè,<br />
ñïîâ³ùàòè; ïðîãîëîøóâàòè, â³äìîâëÿòèñÿ,<br />
ðîçðèâàòè<br />
reor, ratus sum, reri – äóìàòè, ãàäàòè,<br />
ââàæàòè, âèçíàâàòè, ïðèéìàòè äî<br />
â³äîìà<br />
repello, reppûli, repulsum, êre –<br />
â³äøòîâõóâàòè, â³äêèäàòè, â³äãàíÿòè,<br />
â³äõèëÿòè, â³äìîâëÿòè; â³äáèâàòè<br />
235
ependo, pendi, pensum, êre – â³äâàæóâàòè,<br />
ïëàòèòè; rependîtur – â³äøêîäîâóâàòèñÿ,<br />
îêóïàòèñÿ<br />
repentinus, a, um – ðàïòîâèé, íåïåðåäáà÷åíèé<br />
reperio, reppêri (repêri), repertum, ire –<br />
çíàõîäèòè, â³äøóêóâàòè<br />
repetitio, onis f – ïîâòîðåííÿ; ïîâåðíåííÿ;<br />
ïîâòîðíèé ðîçãëÿä<br />
repêto,ivi (ii), itum, êre – çíîâó äîáóâàòè;<br />
âèìàãàòè, ñòÿãóâàòè<br />
repetundae, arum f – âèìàãàííÿ, õàáàð<br />
repignêro, -, -, are – çàáèðàòè (âèêóïîâóâàòè)<br />
çàñòàâó<br />
repleo, plevi, pletum, ere – çíîâó íàïîâíþâàòè,<br />
çàïîâíþâàòè, ùåäðî ïîñòà÷àòè<br />
replî co, avi, atum, are – ðîçãîðòàòè;<br />
âèñóâàòè (çóñòð³÷íå) çàïåðå÷åííÿ<br />
repono, posui, posîtum, êre – â³äêëàäàòè,<br />
çáåð³ãàòè, êëàñòè íà çáåð³ãàííÿ<br />
reposco, -, -, êre – âèìàãàòè íàçàä<br />
repraesento, avi, atum, are – íàî÷íî çîáðàæóâàòè;<br />
íåãàéíî ïëàòèòè ãîò³âêîþ<br />
reprehendo (prendo), prehendi (prendi),<br />
prehensum (prensum), êre – çàòðèìóâàòè,<br />
ãóäèòè, çàñóäæóâàòè<br />
reprehensibîlis, e – ã³äíèé îñóäó<br />
repromissio, onis f – âçàºìíà îá³öÿíêà,<br />
îáîï³ëüíå çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ<br />
repudio, avi, atum, are – â³äêèäàòè,<br />
â³äõèëÿòè<br />
repudium, ii n – ðîç³ðâàííÿ (øëþáó àáî<br />
çàðó÷èí); repudium mittêre – ïîâ³äîìèòè<br />
ïðî ðîç³ðâàííÿ øëþáó<br />
repugno, avi, atum, are – ïðîòèä³ÿòè,<br />
ñóïåðå÷èòè, çàïåðå÷óâàòè<br />
requiesco, evi, etum, êre – â³äïî÷èâàòè,<br />
ñïî÷èâàòè<br />
requiro, quisivi, quisitum, êre – øóêàòè,<br />
â³äøóêóâàòè, ç’ÿñîâóâàòè, âèìàãàòè,<br />
á³äóâàòè, î÷³êóâàòè<br />
res, rei f – ð³÷, ñïðàâà; ìàéíî; res<br />
adflictae – íåùàñòÿ; res castrenses –<br />
òðîôåéíå ìàéíî, â³éñüêîâèé âèäîáóòîê;<br />
res forenses – ñóäîâ³ (ãðîøîâ³,<br />
ñóñï³ëüí³) ñïðàâè; res publî ca<br />
(respublî ca) – äåðæàâà, ðåñïóáë³êà;<br />
res Romana – ðèìñüêà äåðæàâà; res<br />
rustî ca – ñ³ëüñüêå ãîñïîäàðñòâî; res<br />
gesta – ä³ÿííÿ, ä³ÿ, ïîä³ÿ<br />
236<br />
rescio, scivi (scii), scitum, ire – ä³çíàâàòèñÿ<br />
rescribo, scripsi, scriptum, êre – ïèñüìîâî<br />
â³äïîâ³äàòè, ïèñàòè ó â³äïîâ³äü<br />
rescriptum, i n – ðåñêðèïò, ³ìïåðàòîðñüêèé<br />
óêàç<br />
resideo, sedi, sessum, ere – çàëèøàòèñÿ<br />
resigno, avi, atum, are – ðîçäðóêîâóâàòè<br />
resisto, stîti, -, êre – çóïèíÿòèñÿ, ïðîòèñòîÿòè,<br />
ïðó÷àòèñÿ<br />
respectus, us m – òî÷êà çîðó<br />
respicio, spexi, spectum, êre – äèâèòèñÿ<br />
íàçàä, áðàòè äî óâàãè, âðàõîâóâàòè,<br />
áà÷èòè, â³äíîñèòèñÿ<br />
respondeo, spondi, sponsum, ere –<br />
â³äïîâ³äàòè, äàâàòè â³äïîâ³ä³<br />
responsio, onis f – â³äïîâ³äü, ïîêàçàííÿ,<br />
âèñíîâîê<br />
responsum, i n – â³äïîâ³äü<br />
responsus, a, um – äèâ.: respondeo<br />
responsus, us m – â³äïîâ³äü<br />
respublîca – äèâ.: res<br />
restinguo, stinxi, stinctum, êre – ãàñèòè,<br />
çìåíøóâàòè, âãàìîâóâàòè<br />
restituo, tui, tutum, êre – ïîâåðíóòè,<br />
â³äíîâëþâàòè<br />
restitutio, onis f – â³äíîâëåííÿ; restitutio<br />
integri – â³äíîâëåííÿ ïåðâ³ñíîãî ñòàíó<br />
resurgo, surrexi, surrectum, êre – óñòàâàòè,<br />
ïîâñòàâàòè<br />
reticûlus, i m – ñ³òî÷êà (íàïðèêëàä, äëÿ<br />
çáåðåæåííÿ ôîðìè çà÷³ñêè)<br />
retineo, tinui, tentum, ere – óòðèìóâàòè,<br />
çàòðèìóâàòè; çáåð³ãàòè, çàëèøàòè çà<br />
ñîáîþ<br />
retribuo, bui, butum, êre – â³äïëà÷óâàòè<br />
reus, rei m – ï³äñóäíèé, îáâèíóâà÷åíèé,<br />
â³äïîâ³äà÷<br />
revelo, avi, atum, are – â³äêðèâàòè, îãîëþâàòè,<br />
âèêðèâàòè<br />
reverentia, ae f – ïîâàãà, øàíîáëèâ³ñòü<br />
reversus, a, um – äèâ.: revertor<br />
revertor, versus sum (reverti), verti –<br />
ïîâåðòàòèñÿ, ïðèõîäèòè íàçàä<br />
revinco, vici, victum, êre – ïåðåìàãàòè,<br />
äîëàòè; âèêðèâàòè<br />
revivisco, vixi, -, êre – çíîâó îæèâàòè,<br />
âîñêðåñàòè<br />
revôco, avi, atum, are – êëèêàòè íàçàä,
óòðèìóâàòè; ñêàñîâóâàòè, â³äçèâàòè,<br />
â³äíîâëþâàòè, ïîâåðòàòè; ñêëèêàòè<br />
çíîâó<br />
rex, regis m – öàð; rex sacrorum – âåðõîâíèé<br />
æðåöü<br />
rhetor, oris m – ðèòîð, ó÷èòåëü êðàñíîìîâñòâà<br />
rhetorîca, ae f – ðèòîðèêà<br />
rideo, risi, risum, ere – ñì³ÿòèñÿ<br />
ridicûlus, a, um – ñì³øíèé<br />
rigor, oris m – òâåðä³ñòü, ñòðîã³ñòü, íåïîõèòí³ñòü,<br />
ñóâîð³ñòü<br />
risus, us m – ñì³õ, ïîñì³øêà<br />
ritus, us m – îáðÿä, ðèòóàë, çâè÷àé<br />
rivus, i m – ñòðóìîê; êàíàë<br />
rodo, rosi, rosum, êre – ãðèçòè<br />
rogo, rogavi, rogatum, are – ïðîñèòè,<br />
çàïèòóâàòè; ïðîïîíóâàòè, âèíîñèòè<br />
íà ðîçãëÿä<br />
Roma, ae f – Ðèì<br />
I Romanus, a, um – ðèìñüêèé<br />
II Romanus, i m – ðèìëÿíèí<br />
ros, roris m – ðîñà<br />
rosa, ae f – òðîÿíäà<br />
rudêra, um n – ðó¿íè<br />
rudis, is f – ö³ïîê äëÿ ôåõòóâàëüíèõ<br />
âïðàâ; â³äçíàêà çâ³ëüíåíîãî ãëàä³àòîðà<br />
ruga, ae f – çìîðøêà<br />
ruina, ae f – îáâàë<br />
ruinosus, a, um – ùî çàãðîæóº îáâàëîì,<br />
çðóéíîâàíèé<br />
rumor, oris m – øóì, ãóë, ñëóõ, ïîãîëîñ;<br />
honestus rumor – äîáðå ³ì’ÿ<br />
rumpo, rupi, ruptum, êre – ðâàòè, âàëèòè,<br />
çíèùóâàòè<br />
rursus – çíîâó<br />
rus, ruris n – ñåëî<br />
rustîcus, a, um – ñ³ëüñüêèé<br />
S<br />
S. = Sextus – Ñåêñò<br />
sabbatum, i n – ñóáîòà<br />
saccularius, ii m – êèøåíüêîâèé çëîä³é<br />
saccûlus, i m – ãàìàíåöü, òîðáà<br />
sacer, cra, crum – ñâÿùåííèé, îñâÿ÷åíèé,<br />
ïðèñâÿ÷åíèé (áîãàì, íàïðèêëàä,<br />
õðàì, ãàé, ñòàòóÿ òîùî)<br />
sacerdos, dotis m – æðåöü, ñâÿùåííîñëóæèòåëü<br />
sacerdotium, ii n – æðåöüêèé ñàí<br />
sacra, orum n – ñâÿùåííîä³éñòâî<br />
sacramentum, i n – ïðèñÿãà; ãðîøîâà<br />
çàñòàâà (ÿêó ñòîðîíè âíîñèëè äëÿ<br />
òîãî, ùîá âíåñåí³ ãðîø³ áóëè ó ò³º¿<br />
ñòîðîíè, ùî ïðîãðຠïðîöåñ)<br />
sacrificium, ii n – æåðòâà, æåðòâîïðèíåñåííÿ;<br />
ñâÿùåííîä³éñòâî<br />
sacrilegium, ii n – ñâÿòîòàòñòâî<br />
saepe – ÷àñòî; saepe numêro – áàãàòî<br />
ðàç³â, íåîäíîðàçîâî<br />
saepio, saepsi, saeptum, ire – îãîðîäæóâàòè,<br />
îòî÷óâàòè; çàõèùàòè, îõîðîíÿòè<br />
saevitia, ae f – ëþò³ñòü, æîðñòîê³ñòü,<br />
áåçæàë³ñí³ñòü<br />
saluber, bris, bre – çäîðîâèé, ðÿò³âíèé,<br />
ì³öíèé<br />
salubrî ter – áëàãîòâîðíî, çäîðîâî,<br />
äîö³ëüíî<br />
salus, salutis f – áëàãîïîëó÷÷ÿ, ïîðÿòóíîê,<br />
áåçïåêà; â³òàííÿ<br />
salveo, -, -, ere – áóòè çäîðîâèì; salve –<br />
áóäü çäîðîâ!<br />
salvo, avi, atum, are – ðÿòóâàòè<br />
salvus, a, um – ö³ëèé, íåïîøêîäæåíèé,<br />
íåçì³ííèé; íåóøêîäæåíèé<br />
sanctifî co, -, -, are – îñâÿ÷óâàòè, ðîáèòè<br />
ñâÿòèì<br />
sanctus, a, um – ñâÿòèé, ñâÿùåííèé (òå,<br />
ùî çíàõîäèòüñÿ ï³ä çàñòóïíèöòâîì<br />
áîã³â, íàïðèêëàä: ñò³íè, âîðîòà, ìåæ³)<br />
sane – ðîçóìíî, ðîçñóäëèâî; ä³éñíî<br />
sanguis, sanguî nis m – êðîâ, êðîâíå<br />
ñïîð³äíåííÿ; causa in sanguî ne –<br />
ñïðàâà, ïîâ’ÿçàíà ç êðîâîïðîëèòòÿì<br />
sanî tas, atis f – çäîðîâ’ÿ, âèäóæàííÿ,<br />
òâåðåç³ñòü, çäîðîâèé ñïîñ³á æèòòÿ<br />
sanus, a, um – çäîðîâèé, ùî çíàõîäèòüñÿ<br />
ïðè çäîðîâîìó ðîçóì³<br />
sapiens, entis – ðîçóìíèé, çíàþ÷èé,<br />
ñâ³äîìèé, ìóäðèé<br />
sapiens, entis m – ìóäðåöü<br />
sapienter – ìóäðî, ðîçóìíî<br />
sapientia, ae f – ìóäð³ñòü, ðîçâàæëèâ³ñòü,<br />
ðîçóìí³ñòü; ðîçóì; civilis<br />
sapientia – (áóêâ.: öèâ³ëüíà ìóäð³ñòü)<br />
ïðàâîçíàâñòâî, íàóêà ïðàâà<br />
sapio, ii (ivi, ui), -, êre – ìàòè ñìàê, áóòè<br />
ìóäðèì<br />
sarcio, sarsi, sartum, ire – ëàãîäèòè,<br />
âèïðàâëÿòè, â³äøêîäîâóâàòè<br />
sat – äîñèòü<br />
237
satis – äîñèòü<br />
satisdo, dêdi, dâtum, dare – ïîäàâàòè<br />
çàáåçïå÷åííÿ, ãàðàíòóâàòè, âíîñèòè<br />
çàñòàâó â çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ñïëàòè<br />
satisfacio, feci, factum, êre – çàäîâîëüíÿòè;<br />
ïëàòèòè<br />
scaena, ae f – ñöåíà<br />
scandalizo, avi, atum, are – ñïîêóøàòè<br />
scandâlum, i n – ïðåäìåò æàõó àáî çáóðþâàííÿ<br />
scelestus, a, um – çëî÷èííèé, íå÷åñòèâèé,<br />
áåç÷åñíèé<br />
scelus, êris n – çëî÷èí<br />
schola, ae f – øêîëà<br />
scientia, ae f – çíàííÿ, ïî³íôîð<strong>ìîâà</strong>í³ñòü<br />
scilîcet – çðîçóì³ëî, òðåáà äóìàòè; òîáòî;<br />
ìàºòüñÿ íà óâàç³<br />
scindo, scidi, scissum, êre – ðîçðèâàòè,<br />
ðîçäèðàòè, òð³ïàòè; ïåðåðèâàòè<br />
scio, ivi (ii), itum, ire – çíàòè, óì³òè; ó÷èòèñÿ<br />
scitum, i n – âèçíà÷åííÿ, ð³øåííÿ, ïîñòàíîâà<br />
scortum, i n – øê³ðà; ðîçïóñíèê<br />
scriba, ae m – ïåðåïèñóâà÷<br />
scribo, scripsi, scriptum, êre – ïèñàòè,<br />
çàïèñóâàòè (íàïðèêëàä, ó çàïîâ³ò³)<br />
scriptura, ae f – ïèñüìîâå ñâ³ä÷åííÿ,<br />
äîêóìåíò; ëèñò; çàïèñ<br />
scriptus, a, um – äèâ.: scribo<br />
sculptîle, is n – ñêóëüïòóðíå çîáðàæåííÿ;<br />
³äîë, êóìèð<br />
scyphus, i m – êåëèõ, êóáîê<br />
se (sese) – äèâ.: sui<br />
secedo, cessi, cessum, êre – ³òè, â³ääàëÿòèñÿ<br />
secor = sequor<br />
secum – äèâ.: sui<br />
secundum (ç acc.) – óçäîâæ ïî,<br />
â³äïîâ³äíî äî, çã³äíî ç<br />
secundus, a, um – äðóãèé; íàñòóïíèé;<br />
ïîá³æíèé, ñïðèÿòëèâèé<br />
secure – áåçñòðàøíî, áåçòóðáîòíî<br />
securî tas, atis f – áåçïåêà; áåçòóðáîòí³ñòü<br />
securus, a, um – áåçïå÷íèé, ùî çíàõîäèòüñÿ<br />
â áåçïåö³, áåçòóðáîòíèé; òîé,<br />
ùî íå íåñå â³äïîâ³äàëüíîñò³<br />
securis, is f – ñîêèðà<br />
secus (ç acc.) – ó<br />
secutus, a, um – äèâ.: sequor<br />
sed – àëå, îäíàê<br />
238<br />
sedêcim – ø³ñòíàäöÿòü<br />
sedeo, sedi, sessum, ere – ñèä³òè, çàñ³äàòè;<br />
çàòðèìóâàòèñÿ, çàëèøàòèñÿ, çàñòðÿâàòè<br />
sedes, is f – ñèä³ííÿ, êð³ñëî; ì³ñöå, ì³ñöå<br />
ðîçòàøóâàííÿ<br />
seditio, onis f – ñìóòà, çàêîëîò<br />
seges, êtis f – ïîñ³â, õë³áè<br />
segnitia, ae f – íåðîçòîðîïí³ñòü,<br />
ïîâ³ëüí³ñòü; íåñâîº÷àñíå âèêîíàííÿ<br />
ðîçïîðÿäæåíü<br />
sella, ae f – êð³ñëî, ñò³ëåöü, ñèä³ííÿ; ëàâà<br />
semel – îäèí ðàç<br />
semen, semînis n – íàñ³ííÿ<br />
sementis, is f – ñ³ÿííÿ, ñ³âáà, ïîñ³â<br />
semet – äèâ.: sui<br />
semper – çàâæäè<br />
senator, oris m – ñåíàòîð<br />
senatus, us m – ñåíàò; ius senatus<br />
habendi – ïðàâî áðàòè ó÷àñòü ó<br />
çàñ³äàíí³ ñåíàòó<br />
senatusconsultum, i n – ñåíàòóñêîíñóëüò<br />
(ïîðàäà àáî ïîñòàíîâà ñåíàòó)<br />
senectus, utis f – ñòàð³ñòü<br />
I senex, senis – ñòàðèé<br />
II senex, senis m – ñòàðèé, ä³ä<br />
seni, ae, a – ïî ø³ñòü<br />
senior, ius (âèùèé ñòóï. â³ä senex) –<br />
ñòàðøèé<br />
sensus, us m – ïî÷óòòÿ, çì³ñò, ðîçóì³ííÿ<br />
sententia, ae f – ð³øåííÿ, ñóäæåííÿ<br />
sentio, sensi, sensum, ire – äóìàòè, ïî-<br />
÷óâàòè; âèïðîáóâàòè, îäåðæóâàòè;<br />
âèñëîâëþâàòèñÿ; áðàòè íà ñåáå<br />
seorsum – îêðåìî, çîêðåìà; íà ñòîðîíó<br />
separatim – ðîçä³ëüíî, îêðåìî<br />
sepâro, avi, atum, are – â³äîêðåìëþâàòè,<br />
â³äð³çíÿòè; âèäàëÿòè<br />
sepelio, pelivi, pultum, ire – õîâàòèñÿ,<br />
ïåðåõîâóâàòèñÿ<br />
septem – ñ³ì<br />
septendêcim – ñ³ìíàäöÿòü<br />
septîmus, a, um – ñüîìèé<br />
septies – ñ³ì ðàç³â<br />
septingenti – ñ³ìñîò<br />
septuaginta – ñ³ìäåñÿò<br />
sepulchrum (sepulcrum), i n – ìîãèëà,<br />
ïîõîâàííÿ, ãðîáíèöÿ<br />
sequens – äèâ.: sequor<br />
sequester, tris m – ïîñåðåäíèê<br />
sequor, secutus sum, sequi – âèïëèâàòè,<br />
ï³òè, éòè ñë³äîì; ïðèºäíóâàòèñÿ
sera, ae f – çàïîð, çàñóâ<br />
serîca, orum n – øîâêîâ³ òêàíèíè<br />
series, ei f – ðÿä<br />
sermo, onis m – ïðî<strong>ìîâà</strong><br />
sero – ï³çíî<br />
sero, serui, sertum, êre – ñïë³òàòè,<br />
ç’ºäíóâàòè(ñÿ), ïîºäíóâàòè<br />
serus, a, um – ï³çí³é; serum est – ï³çíî<br />
servilis, e – ðàáñüêèé, ñòîñîâíèé äî ðàáà<br />
servio, ivi, itum, ire – ñëóæèòè, áóòè ðàáîì,<br />
ïîñòàâèòè íà ñëóæáó<br />
servîtus, utis f – ðàáñòâî; ñåðâ³òóò<br />
servo, avi, atum, are – çáåð³ãàòè, äîòðèìóâàòè<br />
servus, i m – ðàá, ñëóãà<br />
sescenti – ø³ñòñîò<br />
sestertius (um), ii m (n) – ñåñòåðö³é<br />
seu – àáî, ÷è, ÷è òå<br />
severîtas, atis f – ñóâîð³ñòü, æîðñòîê³ñòü<br />
severus, a, um – ñòðîãèé, ñóâîðèé<br />
sex – ø³ñòü<br />
sexaginta – ø³ñòäåñÿò<br />
sexies – ø³ñòü ðàç³â<br />
sextus, a, um – øîñòèé<br />
sexus, us m – ï³äëîãà<br />
si – ÿêùî<br />
sibi – äèâ.: sui<br />
sic – òàê, òàê ³<br />
sicarius, ii m – óáèâöÿ<br />
sicûbi – ÿêùî äå-íåáóäü, êîëè á íå<br />
sicut (sicûti) – ÿê, íàïðèêëàä, ó òîé ÷àñ<br />
ÿê; sicut … ita – ÿê … òàê ³<br />
sedus, êris n – ñóç³ð’ÿ, ç³ðêà, çîðÿíå íåáî<br />
sigillum, i n – ñòàòóåòêà, ô³ãóðêà; ïå÷àòêà<br />
signifîco, avi, atum, are – ïîçíà÷àòè<br />
signo, avi, atum, are – ïîçíà÷àòè, çàïå-<br />
÷àòóâàòè; ÷åêàíèòè; signata materia –<br />
ìàòåð³ÿ, ïîçíà÷åíà ïå÷àòêîþ (íàïðèêëàä,<br />
ãðîø³)<br />
signum, i n – çíàê, çíà÷îê (íàïðèêëàä,<br />
áîéîâèé çíàê ó âèãëÿä³ îðëà, àíàëîã<br />
ïðàïîðà); ñèãíàë<br />
silentium, ii n – ìîâ÷àííÿ<br />
sileo, ui, -, ere – ìîâ÷àòè<br />
silva, ae f – ë³ñ<br />
silvester, tris, tre – ë³ñîâèé<br />
simîlis, e – ñõîæèé, ïîä³áíèé<br />
similîter – ïîä³áíèì ÷èíîì, ïîä³áíî<br />
similitudo, înis f – ïîä³áí³ñòü, ïîäîáà;<br />
ð³âí³ñòü<br />
simplicîtas, atis f – ïðîñòîòà, ÷åñí³ñòü,<br />
íåâèãàäëèâ³ñòü<br />
simulatio, onis f – çîáðàæåííÿ, ñèìóëÿö³ÿ,<br />
óäàâàííÿ, ëèöåä³éñòâî<br />
simul – îäíî÷àñíî<br />
simulatque (simul atque) – ÿê ò³ëüêè,<br />
ëèøå ò³ëüêè<br />
simulatus, a, um – ìíèìèé<br />
simûlo, avi, atum, are – ïðåäñòàâëÿòè,<br />
çîáðàæóâàòè, ïðèêèäàòèñÿ<br />
sin – ÿêùî æ<br />
sine (ç abl.) – áåç<br />
singûli, ae, a – ïî îäíîìó<br />
singûlus, a, um – îêðåìèé, îäèíè÷íèé<br />
singûli, orum m – îêðåì³ îñîáè<br />
sino, sivi (sii), situm, êre – äîïóñêàòè,<br />
äîçâîëÿòè<br />
sinus, us m – ïàçóõà; áóõòà<br />
siquî dem – òîìó ùî, ÿêùî ò³ëüêè,<br />
îñê³ëüêè<br />
sisto, stiti (steti), statum, sistêre – ñòàâèòè,<br />
ç’ÿâëÿòèñÿ, íàâîäèòè<br />
sitis, is f – ñïðàãà<br />
sitûlus, i f – öåáðî<br />
sive – ÷è, ÿêùî<br />
sobrina, ae f – äâîþð³äíà ñåñòðà<br />
sobrinus, i m – äâîþð³äíèé áðàò<br />
sobrius, a, um – òâåðåçèé<br />
sociêtas, atis f – òîâàðèñòâî; ñóñï³ëüñòâî,<br />
ñï³âòîâàðèñòâî<br />
socius, ii m – òîâàðèø, ñï³ëüíèê, ïàðòíåð,<br />
êîìïàíüéîí, ó÷àñíèê òîâàðèñòâà;<br />
ñï³âãðîìàäÿíèí<br />
sol, solis m – ñîíöå<br />
soleo, solîtus sum solere – ìàòè çâè÷êó<br />
solîtus – äèâ.: soleo<br />
sollemne, is n – óðî÷èñòèé îáðÿä, ôîðìàëüí³ñòü<br />
sollemnîter – óðî÷èñòî<br />
sollerter – ìèñòåöüêè<br />
sollers, ertis – âïðàâíèé, âì³ëèé<br />
sollertia, ae f – ìàéñòåðí³ñòü, âèíàõ³äëèâ³ñòü,<br />
ñïðèòí³ñòü; õèòð³ñòü,<br />
õèòðóâàííÿ<br />
sollicitator, oris m – ðóéí³âíèê, ïîðóøíèê<br />
sollicîto, avi, atum, are – òðÿñòè, çáóäæóâàòè,<br />
ñïîíóêóâàòè, ïðèêëèêàòè<br />
sollicitudo, î nis f – õâèëþâàííÿ, ïîðóøåííÿ,<br />
çàíåïîêîºííÿ, íàñíàãà<br />
I solum – ò³ëüêè; non solum … verum et<br />
– íå ò³ëüêè … àëå ³<br />
II solum, i n – ґðóíò, çåìëÿ<br />
solus, a, um – ºäèíèé, ëèøå îäèí, ñàìîòí³é<br />
239
solutio, onis f – ñïëàòà, ïëàò³æ<br />
solutus, a, um – â³ëüíèé, íåçàëåæíèé;<br />
äèâ.: solvo<br />
solvo, solvi, solutum, êre – çâ³ëüíÿòè,<br />
âèïëà÷óâàòè, ïîâåðòàòè, ðîçïëà÷óâàòèñÿ;<br />
ðîçïóñêàòè, ïðèïèíÿòè<br />
ä³ÿëüí³ñòü, ðîçðèâàòè; äîçâîëÿòè<br />
somnus, i m – ñîí; inter somnos moveri<br />
– ïåðåâåðòàòèñÿ â ñí³<br />
sonus, i m – çâóê, çâó÷àííÿ<br />
sorex, sorîcis m – ìèøà-çåìëåðèéêà<br />
soror, oris f – ñåñòðà<br />
sors, sortis f – æåðåá, æåðåáêóâàííÿ,<br />
÷àñòêà, äîëÿ; îñíîâíà (êàï³òàëüíà)<br />
÷àñòèíà áîðãó, ïîçè÷êîâèé êàï³òàë<br />
sortior, itus sum, iri – êèäàòè æåðåá,<br />
âèð³øóâàòè æåðåáêóâàííÿì, îäåðæóâàòè<br />
çà æåðåáîì<br />
spado, onis m – ñêîïåöü, ºâíóõ<br />
spatium, ii n – ïðîì³æîê<br />
specialis, e – îñîáëèâèé, ñïåö³àëüíèé<br />
specialîter – îñîáëèâî, ñïåö³àëüíî, çîêðåìà<br />
species, ei f – âèä, çîâí³øí³ñòü, îáðàç;<br />
îçíàêà, ïðîÿâ; sub specie – ç ïîãëÿäó;<br />
species militiae – ð³ä â³éñüê<br />
specificatio, onis f – îáðîáêà, âèäîçì³íà<br />
spectacûlum, i n – âèäîâèùå, âèñòàâà,<br />
ñïåêòàêëü<br />
specto, avi, atum, are – äèâèòèñÿ, ðîçãëÿäàòè,<br />
çâåðòàòèñÿ, íàëåæàòè, áðàòè<br />
äî óâàãè, ââàæàòè<br />
specularia, ium n – ñëþäÿí³ â³êîíí³<br />
âñòàâêè<br />
specûlum, i n – äçåðêàëî<br />
sperno, sprevi, spretum, êre – íåõòóâàòè,<br />
çíåâàæàòè, â³äêèäàòè<br />
spero, avi, atum, are – ñïîä³âàòèñÿ<br />
spes, ei f – íàä³ÿ<br />
spirîtus, us m – äóõ, ïîäèõ, îñîáèñò³ñòü,<br />
íàñòð³é, õàðàêòåð<br />
spiro, avi, atum, are – äèõàòè<br />
splendor, oris m – áëèñê, êðàñà, âåëè÷<br />
spolio, avi, atum, are – çí³ìàòè îäÿã,<br />
ðîçäÿãàòè; âèêðàäàòè, â³äí³ìàòè ñèëîþ,<br />
ïîçáàâëÿòè<br />
spolium, ii n – âèäîáóòîê; íàãðàáîâàíå<br />
spondeo, spopondi, sponsum, ere – óðî-<br />
÷èñòî çîáîâ’ÿçàòèñÿ, ïðèñÿãàòèñÿ<br />
sponsa, ae f – íàðå÷åíà, çàðó÷åíà<br />
sponsalia, ium n – çàðó÷åííÿ, çàðó÷èíè<br />
sponsio, onis f – óðî÷èñòà îá³öÿíêà,<br />
êëÿòâà, ãàðàíò³ÿ<br />
240<br />
sponte – íàâìèñíî; sua sponte – çà âëàñíîþ<br />
³í³ö³àòèâîþ, â³ä âëàñíî¿ îñîáè<br />
stadium, ii n – àðåíà, ñòàä³îí<br />
stagnum (stannum), i n – ñâèíöåâèé<br />
áëèñê, ñóì³ø ñâèíöþ ³ ñð³áëà<br />
statim – íåãàéíî, â³äðàçó; ïîñò³éíî, íàé-<br />
÷àñò³øå<br />
statio, onis f – ïîëîæåííÿ, ì³ñöåïåðåáóâàííÿ,<br />
ñòîÿíêà, ïîøòîâà ñòàíö³ÿ, ïîñàäà<br />
statua, ae f – ñêóëüïòóðà, ñòàòóÿ<br />
statuo, tui, tutum, êre – óñòàíîâëþâàòè,<br />
ïîñòàíîâëÿòè; â³ääàâàòè íàêàç<br />
status, us m – ñòàí, ïîëîæåííÿ, îáñòàâèíè,<br />
ñòàòóñ<br />
stellionatus, us m – øàõðàéñòâî<br />
sterno, stravi, stratum, êre – ðîçñòåëÿòè<br />
stillicidium, ii n – êðàïàííÿ; ïîêð³âåëüíèé<br />
æîëîá<br />
stipendiarius, a, um – îáêëàäåíèé äàíèíîþ<br />
stipendium, ii n – ïëàòíÿ, ùî âèïëà÷óâàëàñÿ<br />
ñîëäàòàì<br />
stipo, avi, atum, are – çãàíÿòè, çáèðàòè,<br />
îòî÷óâàòè<br />
stipulatio, onis f – ñòèïóëÿö³ÿ (ôîðìàëüíå<br />
ñëîâåñíå çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ<br />
ç ïèòàííÿ ³ â³äïîâ³ä³, ôîðìà<br />
ÿêîãî áóëà ðåãëàìåíòîâàíà);<br />
stipulatio praetoria – ïðåòîðñüêà ñòèïóëÿö³ÿ<br />
(ñòèïóëÿö³ÿ àáî çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ,<br />
íà ÿêîìó íàïîëÿãຠïðåòîð çà âèìîãîþ<br />
îäí³º¿ ñòîðîíè)<br />
stipulator, oris m – ñòèïóëÿòîð (êðåäèòîð,<br />
ùî âèìàãຠâ³ä áîðæíèêà çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ<br />
â ïîðÿäêó ñòèïóëÿö³¿)<br />
stipulatus, us m – ôîðìàëüíà îá³öÿíêà,<br />
ó<strong>ìîâà</strong> äîãîâîðó<br />
stipûlor, atus sum, ari – âèãîâîðþâàòè<br />
ñîá³, âèìàãàòè ôîðìàëüíî¿ îá³öÿíêè<br />
stirps, stirpis f – ñòîâáóð; êîðåíåâèùå;<br />
ïàã³í, ã³ëêà; äåðåâî, êóù<br />
sto, steti, statum, stare – ñòîÿòè<br />
Stoî cus, i m – ñòî¿ê, ô³ëîñîô ñòî¿÷íî¿<br />
øêîëè<br />
stomâchus, i m – øëóíîê<br />
strangûlo, avi, atum, are – äóøèòè, çàãëóøàòè,<br />
õîâàòè<br />
strenuus, a, um – ä³ÿëüíèé, øâèäêèé,<br />
ìåòóøëèâèé, êëîï³òëèâèé; ì³öíèé,<br />
â³äâàæíèé<br />
studeo, ui, -, ere – ñòàðàòèñÿ, íàìàãàòèñÿ,<br />
ó÷èòèñÿ
studiose – íàïîëåãëèâî, ðåòåëüíî, ñàìîâ³ääàíî<br />
studiosus, a, um – ñòàðàííèé, íàïîëåãëèâèé,<br />
ä³ÿëüíèé<br />
studiosus, i m – ñòóäåíò<br />
studium, ii n – çàíÿòòÿ, íàóêà; ïðàãíåííÿ,<br />
çàïîïàäëèâ³ñòü; ïîñëóãà, çóñèëëÿ,<br />
àêòèâíà ó÷àñòü; studia liberalia –<br />
â³ëüí³ àáî øëÿõåòí³, ìèñòåöòâà (³íòåëåêòóàëüí³<br />
ïðîôåñ³¿, ùî ââàæàëèñÿ<br />
øëÿõåòíèìè, òîáòî òàêèìè, ùî ¿õ<br />
ìàëè â³ëüí³ ëþäè, íàïðèêëàä ðèòîðèêà,<br />
ìåäèöèíà, þðèñïðóäåíö³ÿ òîùî)<br />
stultitia, ae f – äóð³ñòü<br />
I stultus, a, um – äóðíèé<br />
II stultus, i m – äóðåíü<br />
stupor, oris m – çàö³ïåí³ííÿ, íåçãðàáí³ñòü;<br />
äóð³ñòü, òóï³ñòü, íåäîóìêóâàò³ñòü<br />
stuprator, oris m – ðîçáåùóâà÷, ðîçïóñíèê<br />
stupro, avi, atum, are – îïîãàíþâàòè,<br />
ðîçòë³âàòè, áåñ÷åñòèòè, ïñóâàòè, ñïîêóøàòè<br />
stuprum, i n – áåç÷åñòÿ, ãàíüáà, ñîðîì<br />
sua – äèâ.: suus<br />
suadeo, suasi, suasum, ere – äàâàòè ïîðàäó;<br />
ïåðåêîíóâàòè<br />
sub (ç acc., ç abl.) – ï³ä<br />
subeo, ii (ivi), î tum, ire – ï³äõîäèòè,<br />
ï³äïàäàòè; ï³ääàâàòèñÿ<br />
subiicio (subicio), ieci, iectum, êre –<br />
ï³äêëàäàòè; ïðèºäíóâàòè, ñóïðîâîäæóâàòè,<br />
äîäàâàòè; subîci sorti – êîðèòèñÿ<br />
äîë³<br />
subinde – íåçàáàðîì ï³ñëÿ, ñë³äîì çà<br />
öèì, ÷àñ â³ä ÷àñó, áàãàòîðàçîâî<br />
subîto – ðàïòîì<br />
subiungo, iunxi, iunctum, êre – ï³äêîðÿòè<br />
sublatus, a, um – äèâ.: tollo<br />
sublêvo, avi, atum, are – ï³äí³ìàòè,<br />
ï³äíîñèòè<br />
submitto (submmitto), misi, missum, êre<br />
– ï³äñòàâëÿòè, îïóñêàòè, ï³äêîðÿòè,<br />
ðîáèòè, ïîñèëàòè, ï³äñèëàòè, ï³äí³ìàòè<br />
submoveo, movi, motum, êre – âèãàíÿòè<br />
subornatus, a, um – íàéíÿòèé, ï³äêóïëåíèé<br />
subripio, ripui, reptum, êre – êðàñòè,<br />
âèêðàäàòè, çàõîïëþâàòè õèòð³ñòþ<br />
subrôgo, avi, atum, are – äîïîâíþâàòè<br />
subruptus = subreptus, a, um – äèâ.:<br />
subripio<br />
subscribo, scripsi, scriptum, êre – ï³äïèñóâàòè<br />
subsellim, i n – ëàâà<br />
substantia, ae f – ñóòí³ñòü<br />
substituo, stitui, stitutum, êre – ñòàâèòè<br />
çà, çàì³íÿòè, ï³äñòàâëÿòè<br />
subsum, subfui, -, subesse – ïåðåáóâàòè<br />
ï³ä, ëåæàòè â îñíîâ³<br />
subtilis, e – òîíêèé, äîòåïíèé<br />
subtrâho, traxi, tractum, êre – òàºìíî<br />
íåñòè, âåñòè, â³äí³ìàòè, ïðèâëàñíþâàòè;<br />
îáõîäèòè ìîâ÷àííÿì<br />
subvenio, veni, ventum, ire (ç dat.) – äîïîìàãàòè,<br />
ïðèõîäèòè íà äîïîìîãó,<br />
ñïðèÿòè<br />
subverto, verti, versum, êre – ïåðåêèäàòè,<br />
ñêèäàòè, ïñóâàòè<br />
succedo, cessi, cessum, êre – âõîäèòè,<br />
âèïëèâàòè, óñïàäêîâóâàòè; íàäñèëàòè<br />
íà çì³íó<br />
successio, onis f – ñïàäîê, ñïàäêîºìñòâî,<br />
ïðàâî ñïàäêîºìñòâà<br />
successor, oris m – ñïàäêîºìåöü<br />
succurro, curri, cursum, êre – éòè íà<br />
çóñòð³÷, ïðèõîäèòè íà äîïîìîãó<br />
sufficio, feci, fectum, êre – äàâàòè, äîñòàâëÿòè,<br />
áóòè äîñòàòí³ì<br />
suffoco, avi, atum, are – äóøèòè<br />
suffragium, ii n – âèáîð÷èé ãîëîñ, ãîëîñóâàííÿ<br />
suggêro, gessi, gestum, êre – íàíîñèòè,<br />
ñïîðóäæóâàòè, óñåëÿòè; ï³äòàñîâóâàòè<br />
sui – ñåáå<br />
suicidum, i n – ñàìîãóáñòâî, ñó¿öèä<br />
sum, fui, -, esse – áóòè, ³ñíóâàòè, çíàõîäèòèñÿ,<br />
ïåðåáóòè, çíà÷èòè<br />
summa, ae f – ï³äñóìîê, ñóìà; ñóòü,<br />
ñóòí³ñòü; summa rei publîcae – âèù³<br />
³íòåðåñè äåðæàâè<br />
summatim – çàãàëîì, óçàãàë³, ïîâåðõîâî<br />
summitto – äèâ.: submitto<br />
summoveo (submoveo), movi, motum,<br />
ere – âèäàëÿòè, çãàíÿòè, â³äñòîðîíÿòè,<br />
óñóâàòè, â³äñ³âàòè, ïåðåøêîäæàòè,<br />
çóïèíÿòè<br />
summus, a, um – âèùèé, ãîëîâíèé<br />
sumo, sumpsi, sumptum, êre – áðàòè,<br />
ïðèéìàòè; ïðèçíà÷àòè, âèçíà÷àòè,<br />
çàñòîñîâóâàòè<br />
241
sumptus, us m – âèòðàòà<br />
supellex, supellectîlis f – íà÷èííÿ, îáñòàíîâêà<br />
super (ç acc., ç abl.) – íàä, ïîíàä<br />
superbia, ae f – ãîðä³ñòü, ãîðäèíÿ, ãîðäîâèò³ñòü<br />
superficies, ei f – ïîâåðõíÿ, òå, ùî ðîñòå<br />
àáî áóäóºòüñÿ íà çåìë³<br />
supêri, orum m – áîãè; æèâ³ ëþäè (íà<br />
â³äì³íó â³ä ìåøêàíö³â ï³äçåìíîãî<br />
öàðñòâà ìåðòâèõ)<br />
superior, superius – âèùèé; ïîïåðåäí³é<br />
supêro, avi, atum, are – ïåðåâåðøóâàòè,<br />
ï³äí³ìàòèñÿ<br />
superstes, stîtis – ïðèñóòí³é, ñâ³äîê<br />
supersubstantialis, e – íàñóùíèé<br />
supersum, superfui, -, superesse – çàëèøàòèñÿ<br />
â æèâèõ, ïåðåæèòè, ïåðåâåðøóâàòè;<br />
ðîçïîðÿäæàòèñÿ; áóòè â íàäëèøêó<br />
supervivo, vixi, -, êre – ïåðåæèâàòè, çàëèøàòèñÿ<br />
â æèâèõ<br />
suppêto, petivi (petii), petitum, êre –<br />
áóòè â äîñòàòí³é ê³ëüêîñò³, âèñòà÷àòè<br />
suppleo, plevi, pletum, ere – ïîïîâíþâàòè,<br />
çàïîâíþâàòè, â³äøêîäîâóâàòè,<br />
êîìïåíñóâàòè<br />
supplicium, ii n – êàðà, ïîêàðàííÿ, ñòðàòà<br />
suppono, posui, posîtum, êre – ï³äêëàäàòè,<br />
ï³äì³íþâàòè<br />
supprî mo, pressi, pressum, êre – çàíóðþâàòè,<br />
ïðèõîâóâàòè; çàòðèìóâàòè,<br />
ñòðèìóâàòè, çóïèíÿòè<br />
supra (ç acc.) – çâåðõó, óãîð³; âèùå, íàä,<br />
ïîâåðõ, ïîíàä<br />
supremus, a, um – îñòàíí³é; âèùèé<br />
surdus, a, um – ãëóõèé<br />
surgo (subrigo, surrigo), rexi, rectum,<br />
êre – ï³äí³ìàòè<br />
surripio, ripui, reptum, êre – âèêðàäàòè<br />
sus, suis f (m) – ñâèíÿ<br />
suscepi – äèâ.: suscipio<br />
susceptio, onis f – ïðèéíÿòòÿ<br />
suscipio, suscepi, susceptum, êre – ïðèéìàòè,<br />
áðàòè íà ñåáå<br />
suspectus, a, um (äèâ.: suspicio) –<br />
ï³äîçð³ëà, çóõâàëà íåäîâ³ðà<br />
suspendiosus, a, um – ùî ïîâ³ñèâñÿ<br />
suspendo, pendi, pensum, êre – ï³äâ³øóâàòè,<br />
â³øàòè<br />
suspicio, onis f – ï³äîçðà; íåáåçïåêà, ïîãðîçà<br />
242<br />
suspicio, spexi, spectum, êre – äèâèòèñÿ,<br />
áóòè çâåðíåíèì; äèâèòèñÿ ç íåäîâ³ðîþ,<br />
ï³äîçðþâàòè<br />
sustineo, tinui, tentum, ere – ï³äòðèìóâàòè,<br />
ñëóæèòè îïîðîþ; òåðï³òè<br />
sustûli – äèâ.: tollo<br />
susum (sursum) – íàãîðó<br />
sutor, oris m – øâåöü, ÷îáîòàð<br />
suus, sua, suum – ñâ³é; suus heres – ñâ³é<br />
ñïàäêîºìåöü (òîáòî ñïàäêîºìåöü, ùî<br />
çíàõîäèòüñÿ â áåçïîñåðåäí³é âëàä³ çàïîâ³äà÷à)<br />
syngrapha, ae f – áîðãîâà ðîçïèñêà<br />
T<br />
T. = Titus – Òèò<br />
taberna, ae f – êðàìíèöÿ; taberna<br />
cauponia – øèíîê, òðàêòèð; taberna<br />
argentaria – ì³íÿëüíà êðàìíèöÿ<br />
tabûla, ae f – äîøêà, òàáëèöÿ; tabûlae<br />
testamenti – òàáëè÷êè (òåêñò) çàïîâ³òó;<br />
tabûlae publî cae – äîøêè<br />
ïóáë³÷íèõ îãîëîøåíü (íà ÿêèõ ïèñàëè<br />
òåêñòè çàêîí³â, çâåðíåíü, ³íøó<br />
³íôîðìàö³þ îô³ö³éíîãî õàðàêòåðó)<br />
tabularius, ii n – ñåêðåòàð, àðõ³âàð³óñ,<br />
ðàõ³âíèê<br />
tabulatum, i n – ÿðóñ, íàñòèë, ïîâåðõ<br />
taceo, cui, cîtum, ere – ìîâ÷àòè<br />
tacîte – ìîâ÷êè, áåçìîâíî<br />
taciturnîtas, atis f – ìîâ÷àçí³ñòü, íåáàãàòîñë³âí³ñòü<br />
tacîtus, a, um – áåçìîâíèé, ìîâ÷àçíèé,<br />
íåãëàñíèé<br />
tactus, a, um – äèâ.: tango<br />
taedium, ii n – â³äðàçà, ïåðåñè÷åí³ñòü<br />
talentum, i n – òàëàíò (ì³ðà âàãè – 26,2<br />
êã; ãðîøîâà îäèíèöÿ)<br />
talio, onis f – â³äïëàòà<br />
talis, e – òàêèé<br />
tam – òàê, íàñò³ëüêè; tam … quam –<br />
ñê³ëüêè … ñò³ëüêè, òàê … ÿê<br />
tamdiu – ñò³ëüêè, äîòè<br />
tamen – îäíàê, óñå-òàêè<br />
tametsi – õî÷à, íåçâàæàþ÷è íà òå, ùî;<br />
íåõàé<br />
tamquam – ÿê, ïîä³áíî, òîìó ùî; òàê<br />
ñàìî, ÿê<br />
tandem – íàðåøò³; æå<br />
tango, tetîgi, tactum, êre – òîðêàòèñÿ,<br />
ñòîñóâàòèñÿ, ñïðèéìàòè äîòèêîì
tantum – íàñò³ëüêè, òàêîþ ì³ðîþ;<br />
ò³ëüêè<br />
tantummôdo – ò³ëüêè, âèíÿòêîâî<br />
tantus, a, um – òàêèé, íàñò³ëüêè (âåëèêèé<br />
àáî ìàëèé)<br />
tarde – ïîâ³ëüíî<br />
tardus, a, um – ïîâ³ëüíèé, íåïîâîðîòêèé<br />
te – äèâ.: tu<br />
tectorium, ii n – îáðîáêà ñò³íè, òèíüê;<br />
pro tectorio – ó âèãëÿä³ îáðîáêè<br />
tectum, i n – ïîêð³âëÿ, äàõ<br />
tectus, a, um – äèâ.: tego<br />
tecum – äèâ.: tu<br />
tego, texi, tectum, êre – ïîêðèâàòè, ïðèõîâóâàòè<br />
tegûla, ae f – öåãëèíà, öåãëà, ïîêð³âåëüíà<br />
÷åðåïèöÿ<br />
telum, i n – çáðîÿ (çáðîÿ äëÿ íàñòóïàëüíèõ<br />
ä³é, ìåòàëüíà çáðîÿ: ñïèñè,<br />
ñòð³ëè, äðîòèêè)<br />
temêre – íåðîçâàæíî, íåîáà÷íî, íàâìàííÿ<br />
temerîtas, atis f – íåîáà÷í³ñòü, íåðîçñóäëèâ³ñòü,<br />
íåîáäóìàíèé â÷èíîê, ëåãêîäóìñòâî<br />
temet – äèâ.: tu<br />
temperamentum, i n – íîðìà, íàëåæíà<br />
ì³ðà<br />
tempestas, atis f – ÷àñ; ïîãîäà; áóðÿ;<br />
íåùàñòÿ<br />
templum, i n – õðàì, ñâÿòèëèùå<br />
temporarius, a, um – òèì÷àñîâèé<br />
temptatio – äèâ.: tentatio<br />
tempto (tento), avi, atum, are – ìàöàòè,<br />
ïðîáóâàòè, âèïðîáóâàòè, ñïîêóøàòè;<br />
çàç³õàòè, çàì³ðÿòèñÿ<br />
tempus, tempôris n – ÷àñ; îáñòàâèíà; ad<br />
tempus – ÷åðåç îáñòàâèíè<br />
tenebrae, arum f, pl. – òåìðÿâà, ìîðîê<br />
teneo, tenui, tentum, tenere – òðèìàòè,<br />
ñòðèìóâàòè; çîáîâ’ÿçóâàòè, ìàòè<br />
îáîâ’ÿçêîâó ñèëó; îõîïëþâàòè; teneri<br />
ab alî quo – áóòè çàéìàíèì êèì-íåáóäü;<br />
memoria tenere – ïàì’ÿòàòè<br />
tener, êra, êrum – í³æíèé, þíèé<br />
tenor, oris m – áåçóïèííèé õ³ä; çì³ñò<br />
tentatio (temptatio), onis f – ñïîêóñà<br />
tenuis, e – òîíêèé, óáîãèé, íåçíà÷íèé<br />
tenus – äî<br />
ter – òðè÷³<br />
tergiversor, atus sum, ari – ïîâåðòàòèñÿ<br />
ñïèíîþ; óõèëÿòèñÿ, éòè íàçàä,<br />
âèâåðíóòèñÿ; â³äìîâëÿòèñÿ â³ä óæå<br />
â÷èíåíîãî ïîçîâó<br />
termîno, avi, atum, are – ðîçìåæîâóâàòè,<br />
â³äìåæîâóâàòè, â³äîêðåìëþâàòè<br />
termînus, i m – ìåæà; ìåæîâèé çíàê<br />
terni (trini), ae, a – ïî òðè<br />
terra, ae f – çåìëÿ; terrae motus – çåìëåòðóñ<br />
terreo, ui, îtum, ere – ëÿêàòè<br />
terribîlis, e – ùî âèêëèêຠñòðàõ, æàõëèâèé,<br />
ùî íàâîäèòü æàõ<br />
territorium, ii n – îáëàñòü, òåðèòîð³ÿ<br />
I tertius, a, um – òðåò³é<br />
II tertius ii m – òðåòÿ îñîáà<br />
testamentum, i n – çàïîâ³ò<br />
testatio, onis f – çàêëèêàòè ó ñâ³äêè, äà÷à<br />
ïîêàçàíü; ñâ³ä÷åííÿ (óñíå àáî ïèñüìîâå,<br />
ï³äïèñàíå ñâ³äêàìè); testationem<br />
interponêre – äàâàòè êëÿòâåíó îá³öÿíêó<br />
testator, oris m – çàïîâ³äà÷, ñïàäêîäàâåöü<br />
testifî cor, atus sum, ari – çàêëèêàòè ó<br />
ñâ³äêè, ñâ³ä÷èòè<br />
testimonium, ii n – ñâ³ä÷åííÿ, äà÷à ïîêàçàíü<br />
ñâ³äê³â; ïîêàçàííÿ ñâ³äê³â;<br />
testimonium dicêre – ñâ³ä÷èòè<br />
testis, is m – ñâ³äîê<br />
testor, atus sum, ari – çàêëèêàòè ó<br />
ñâ³äêè; ñêëàäàòè çàïîâ³ò, çàïîâ³äàòè<br />
texo, texui, textum, êre – òêàòè<br />
theatrum, i n – òåàòð<br />
thema, ae f – ïîëîæåííÿ, ïðåäìåò, òåìà<br />
thensaurus (thesaurus), i m – ñêàðá<br />
thesaurizo, avi, -, are – íàãðîìàäæóâàòè<br />
thesis, is f – ïîëîæåííÿ, òâåðäæåííÿ, òåçà<br />
Tibêris, is m – Òèáð, ð³êà â ñåðåäí³é<br />
²òà볿<br />
Ti. = Tiberius – Ò³áåð³é<br />
tibi – äèâ.: tu<br />
tibîcen, înis m – ôëåéòèñò<br />
tignum, i n – áàëêà<br />
timeo, mui, -, ere – áîÿòèñÿ<br />
timîdus, a, um – áîÿãóçëèâèé, áîÿçêèé,<br />
ùî áî¿òüñÿ<br />
timor, oris m – ñòðàõ<br />
timui – äèâ.: timeo<br />
tiro, tironis m – ìîëîäèé ñîëäàò, íîâîáðàíåöü<br />
Titium, i m – Òèö³é<br />
243
titûlus, i m – íàïèñ, ï³äïèñ; ïðèâ³ä,<br />
ï³äñòàâà; titûlus crimî nis – ñòàòòÿ<br />
îáâèíóâà÷åííÿ<br />
toga, ae f – òîãà<br />
togatus, a, um – îäÿãíåíèé ó òîãó, ìèðíèé,<br />
öèâ³ëüíèé<br />
tolêro, avi, atum, are – òåðï³òè, âèíîñèòè<br />
tollo, sustûli, sublatum, tollêre – ï³äí³ìàòè;<br />
óñóâàòè, çíèùóâàòè, ñêàñîâóâàòè;<br />
çâåëè÷óâàòè; âèíîñèòè, íåñòè<br />
tondeo, totondi, tonsum, ere – ñòðèãòè,<br />
ãîëèòè<br />
tonsor, oris m – öèðþëüíèê<br />
tormentum, i n – êàòóâàííÿ<br />
torqueo, torsi, tortum, ere – êàòóâàòè,<br />
ï³ääàâàòè êàòóâàííÿì, âèïèòóâàòè<br />
tortor, oris m – ìó÷èòåëü, êàò<br />
tot (íåâ³äì.) – ñò³ëüêè<br />
totus, a, um – âåñü, ö³ëèé; in totum –<br />
çîâñ³ì<br />
tractatus, us m – îáìàöóâàííÿ, äîòèê;<br />
çâåðòàííÿ, ñïîñ³á 䳿, îáãîâîðåííÿ<br />
tracto, avi, atum, are – òÿãòè; ñïðèéìàòè<br />
íà äîòèê; çâåðòàòèñÿ<br />
tractus, a, um – äèâ.: traho<br />
tradîdi – äèâ.: traho<br />
traditio, onis f – ïåðåäà÷à<br />
trado, tradîdi, tradîtum, êre – ïåðåäàâàòè;<br />
ââàæàòè; tradêre se – â³ääàâàòèñÿ<br />
traho, traxi, tractum, êre – òÿãòè, âîëîêòè,<br />
çàëó÷àòè; ä³ñòàâàòè, çàñâîþâàòè;<br />
ïðèºäíóâàòè, ïðèòÿãàòè; ïðèâëàñíþâàòè,<br />
çàõîïëþâàòè<br />
trano, avi, atum, are – ïåðåïëèâàòè<br />
tranquillus, a, um – ñïîê³éíèé<br />
trans (ç acc.) – ÷åðåç, çà, ïî òîé á³ê<br />
transactio, onis f – ìèðíà óãîäà<br />
transeam – äèâ.: transeo<br />
transeo,ivi (ii), îtum, ire – ïåðåõîäèòè;<br />
ìèíàòè, ïðîõîäèòè<br />
transfêro, tûli, latum, ferre – ïåðåíîñèòè,<br />
ïåðåõîäèòè; ïåðåäàâàòè; ïåðåì³ùàòè,<br />
ïåðåñàäæóâàòè<br />
transfûga, ae m – ïåðåá³æ÷èê<br />
transfugio, fugi, fugîtum, êre – ïåðåá³ãàòè<br />
transgredior, gressus sum, grêdi – ïåðåõîäèòè<br />
transîgo, egi, actum, êre – äîâîäèòè äî<br />
ê³íöÿ, ïðèéìàòè ð³øåííÿ, éòè íà ìèðîâó,<br />
ïðèïèíÿòè ñóïåðå÷êó; çä³éñíþâàòè<br />
îïåðàö³þ, äîìîâëÿòèñÿ<br />
244<br />
transîtus, us m – ïåðåõ³ä, ïðîõ³ä, çì³íà<br />
translatus, a, um – äèâ.: transfêro<br />
transmitto, misi, missum, êre – ïåðåñèëàòè;<br />
ïðîïóñêàòè, ìèíàòè<br />
trecenti – òðèñòà<br />
tredêcim – òðèíàäöÿòü<br />
trepî do, avi, atum, are – òðåìò³òè,<br />
òð³ïîò³òè<br />
tres, tria – òðè<br />
tribunal, alis n– òðèáóíàë (óçâèøøÿ, íà<br />
ÿêå ï³äí³ìàëèñÿ ïîñàäîâ³ îñîáè ïðè<br />
âèêîíàíí³ ñâî¿õ îáîâ’ÿçê³â)<br />
tribunus, i m – òðèáóí; tribunus plebis<br />
– íàðîäíèé (ïëåáåéñüêèé) òðèáóí;<br />
tribunus milîtum – â³éñüêîâèé òðèáóí<br />
(âèùèé îô³öåð ó ðåã³îí³)<br />
tribuo, bui, butum, êre – ïîä³ëÿòè,<br />
â³äïëà÷óâàòè, íàäàâàòè<br />
tribus, us f – òðèáà; ïëåì’ÿ<br />
tributarius, a, um – îïîäàòêîâóâàíèé,<br />
îáêëàäåíèé ïîäàòêàìè, çîáîâ’ÿçàíèé<br />
ïëàòèòè ïîäàòêè, ïîäàòêîâèé<br />
triduo – íà òðè äí³, ïðîòÿãîì òðüîõ äí³â<br />
triennium, ii n – òðè ðîêè, òðèð³÷íèé<br />
òåðì³í<br />
triginta – òðèäöÿòü<br />
trinoctium, ii n – òðè íî÷³<br />
tripertius, a, um – ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç<br />
òðüîõ ÷àñòèí<br />
triplus, a, um – ïîòð³éíèé, ó òðîº<br />
á³ëüøå, òðîºêðàòíèé<br />
tristis, e – ñóìíèé, ñìóòíèé, ñêîðáîòíèé,<br />
ïîõìóðèé, ñóâîðèé, ãð³çíèé<br />
tristitia, ae f – ñóì, ïîõìóð³ñòü<br />
tritîcum, i n – ïøåíèöÿ<br />
tritus, a, um – ïîáèòèé, çàòàñêàíèé<br />
Troia, ae f – Òðîÿ, äàâíº ì³ñòî íà ï³âäåííîìó<br />
çàõîä³ Ìàëî¿ À糿<br />
tu – òè<br />
tueor, tuî tus sum, tueri – äèâèòèñÿ,<br />
ï³êëóâàòèñÿ, îáåð³ãàòè, äîòðèìóâàòè<br />
tui – äèâ.: tu<br />
tuli – äèâ.: fero<br />
tum – òîä³, ó òîé ÷àñ; ïîò³ì; tum … tum<br />
– òå … òå<br />
tumultuor, atus sum, ari – õâèëþâàòèñÿ<br />
tumultus, us m – ñìóòà, çàêîëîò;<br />
âîºííèé ñòàí<br />
tunc – òîä³<br />
tunî ca, ae f – òóí³êà (ðèìñüêà ñîðî÷êà<br />
äîâæèíîþ äî êîë³í, ¿¿ íîñèëè, ÿê ïðàâèëî,<br />
ï³ä òîãîþ)
turba, ae f – ñóì’ÿòòÿ, çáåíòåæåííÿ, áåçëàääÿ,<br />
øóì; þðáà, ìàñà, çá³ãîâèñüêî<br />
turbo, avi, atum, are – ïîøêîäæóâàòè,<br />
áåíòåæèòè<br />
turdus, i m – äð³çä; ìîðñüêèé äð³çä<br />
(ðèáà)<br />
turpis, e – ãàíåáíèé, àìîðàëüíèé, ïðîòèçàêîííèé<br />
turpîter – ãàíåáíî, àìîðàëüíî<br />
turpitudo, înis f – íåïîäîáñòâî, ãàíüáà,<br />
áåçñëàâí³ñòü<br />
turris, is f – âåæà<br />
tus, turis f – çàïàøíà ñìîëà, ô³ì³àì<br />
tute – ³ç óïåâíåí³ñòþ; ó áåçïåö³<br />
tutela, ae f – îï³êà<br />
tutor, oris m – îï³êóí<br />
tutum, i n – áåçïåêà<br />
tutus, a, um – áåçïå÷íèé, ùî çíàõîäèòüñÿ<br />
â áåçïåö³; íàä³éíèé<br />
tuus, tua, tuum – òâ³é<br />
tyrannus, i m – íåîáìåæåíèé âîëîäàð,<br />
òèðàí<br />
U<br />
ubi – äå; êîëè<br />
ubiqumque – äå á íå, ó ÷îìó á íå, ùîðàçó<br />
ÿê, çàâæäè<br />
ubique – ñêð³çü, óñþäè<br />
ulciscor, ultus sum, cisci – ìñòèòè, êàðàòè<br />
ullus, a, um – äåÿêèé, ÿêèé-íåáóäü<br />
ulterior, ius – ïîäàëüøèé, íàñòóïíèé;<br />
íàäì³ðíèé, ùî âèõîäèòü çà âñòàíîâëåí³<br />
ìåæ³<br />
ultîmus, a, um – îñòàíí³é, êðàéí³é; îñòàòî÷íèé<br />
ultio, onis f – ïîìñòà, ïîêàðàííÿ<br />
ultra – ïîíàä; íàäàë³; íà äîäà÷ó<br />
ultro citroque – â îáîõ íàïðÿìêàõ<br />
ultus, a, um – äèâ.: ulciscor<br />
umbra, ae f – ò³íü<br />
umquam – êîëè-íåáóäü,<br />
uncia, ae f – óíö³ÿ (äâàíàäöÿòà ÷àñòèíà<br />
àñà àáî âçàãàë³ äâàíàäöÿòà ÷àñòèíà);<br />
÷àñòèíà<br />
unde – â³äê³ëÿ<br />
undêcim – îäèíàäöÿòü<br />
undecîmus, a, um – îäèíàäöÿòèé<br />
undeviginti – äåâ’ÿòíàäöÿòü<br />
undîque – çâ³äóñ³ëü, ç óñ³õ áîê³â<br />
unguentarium, ii n – ïëàòà çà ïðèòèðàííÿ<br />
unguentum, i n – ìàçü, ïîìàäà, ïàõîù³<br />
universî tas, atis f – ñóêóïí³ñòü îñ³á,<br />
ñï³âòîâàðèñòâî, ñï³ëüí³ñòü, ãðîìàäà<br />
universus, a, um – âåñü, âåñü ó ö³ëîìó<br />
unus, a, um – îäèí<br />
unusquisque, unaquaeque, unumquodque<br />
– êîæíèé (îêðåìî)<br />
unusquisque, unumquidque – êîæíèé<br />
(îêðåìî)<br />
urbanitas, atis f – êóëüòóðà, îñâ³÷åí³ñòü,<br />
òîíê³ñòü, äîòåïí³ñòü; ãîñòðîòà, ãóìîð,<br />
òîíêèé æàðò<br />
urbanus, a, um – ì³ñüêèé<br />
urbs, urbis f – ì³ñòî<br />
ursus, i m – âåäì³äü<br />
usio, onis f – âæèâàííÿ, êîðèñòóâàííÿ<br />
usitatus, a, um – çàãàëüíîâæèâàíèé<br />
usque – áåçïåðåñòàíó, ïîñò³éíî, áåçóïèííî;<br />
óïðèòóë; óäîñòàëü<br />
usque ad – àæ äî<br />
usuarius, a, um – âèêîðèñòîâóâàíèé, ùî<br />
çíàõîäèòüñÿ â êîðèñòóâàíí³<br />
usucapio, cepi, captum, êre – îäåðæàòè<br />
ó âëàñí³ñòü çà äàâíèíîþ âîëîä³ííÿ<br />
usucapio, onis f – îäåðæàííÿ çà äàâíèíîþ<br />
âîëîä³ííÿ<br />
usufructuarius, ii m – óçóôðóêòóàð³é<br />
(òîé, ùî ìຠïðàâî óçóôðóêòà)<br />
usura, ae f – êîðèñòóâàííÿ, äîõ³ä<br />
usurae, arum f – â³äñîòêè<br />
usurpatio, onis f – óçóðïàö³ÿ (ó ïðàâ³:<br />
ñòàëèé òåðì³í, ùî ïîçíà÷ຠïðèïèíåííÿ<br />
äàâíèíè)<br />
usus, us m – êîðèñòóâàííÿ, äîñâ³ä, ïîòðåáà,<br />
çâè÷àé, äàâíèíà<br />
usus fructus = ususfructus<br />
ususfructus, us m – óçóôðóêò (äèâ.:<br />
fructus)<br />
ut – ÿê, ïîä³áíî òîìó ÿê; òîìó ùî, îñê³ëüêè,<br />
ÿê ò³ëüêè<br />
utcumque – ÿêîñü, àáèÿê<br />
uter, utra, utrum – ÿêèé, õòî (³ç äâîõ)<br />
uterque, utraque, utrumque – ³ òîé, ³<br />
³íøèé, îáîº<br />
utêrum, i n (utêrus, i m) – æèâ³ò, ÷åðåâî,<br />
ìàòåðèíñüêà óòðîáà<br />
utîlis, e – êîðèñíèé, âèã³äíèé; åôåêòèâíèé,<br />
ä³þ÷èé, ðåçóëüòàòèâíèé<br />
utilîter – êîðèñíî, 䳺âî, åôåêòèâíî<br />
utilîtas, tatis f – êîðèñòü; âèãîäà<br />
utînam – î, ÿêáè æ!<br />
utîque – ó âñÿêîìó ðàç³; çà âñ³õ îáñòàâèí,<br />
õî÷ áè ÿê òàì áóëî<br />
245
utor, usus sum, uti – êîðèñòàòèñÿ, âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè<br />
utrimque – ïî îáèäâà áîêè<br />
utrûbi – íà ÿêîìó áîö³<br />
utrum – ÷è; an … utrum – àáî … àáî æ<br />
uxor, uxoris f – äðóæèíà, æ³íêà; uxorem<br />
ducêre – æåíèòèñÿ<br />
246<br />
V<br />
vacanter – äàðåìíî<br />
vacatio, onis f – çâ³ëüíåííÿ<br />
vacillo, avi, atum, are – áóòè õèñòêèì,<br />
íåíàä³éíèì<br />
vaco, avi, atum, are – áóòè íåçàéíÿòèì,<br />
ïóñòóâàòè, áóòè â³ëüíèì<br />
vacuus, a, um – ïîðîæí³é, íåçàéíÿòèé,<br />
â³ëüíèé<br />
vado, (vasi), -, êre – éòè, íàïðàâëÿòèñÿ<br />
vae – ãîðå!<br />
vagor, atus sum, ari – ñêèòàòèñÿ, â³ääàëÿòèñÿ,<br />
áóòè â³äñóòí³ì<br />
vagus, a, um – áðîäÿ÷èé, õèáêèé, íåíàä³éíèé<br />
valde – äóæå<br />
valeo, lui, litum, ere – áóòè çäîðîâèì,<br />
ìàòè çíà÷åííÿ, áóòè ä³éñíèì, ìàòè<br />
ñèëó; nihil valere – íå ìàòè í³ÿêî¿ ñèëè;<br />
valere pro – ðîçö³íþâàòèñÿ çàì³ñòü<br />
valetudo, înis f – ñòàí çäîðîâ’ÿ; õâîðîáà;<br />
adversa valetudo – õâîðîáà, ïîãàíå<br />
ñàìîïî÷óòòÿ, íåçäîðîâ’ÿ<br />
vanus, a, um – ïîðîæí³é, äàðåìíèé; in<br />
vanum – âñóº<br />
vapor, oris m – ïàðà, äèì<br />
varie – ïî-ð³çíîìó, ð³çíîìàí³òíî<br />
varius, a, um – ð³çíèé, ð³çíîìàí³òíèé;<br />
ñòðîêàòèé; íåïîñò³éíèé, ùî ââîäèòü â<br />
îìàíó<br />
vas, vasis m – ïîñóäèíà; vas vinarium<br />
torcularium – äàâèëüíà ïîñóäèíà äëÿ<br />
âèíà<br />
vaticinator, oris m – â³ùóí<br />
-ve – ÷è<br />
vecordia, ae f – íåðîçâàæí³ñòü<br />
vectîgal,alis n (ç gen.) – ïîäàòîê, ìèòî,<br />
îðåíäíà ïëàòà<br />
vehêmens, entis – ñèëüíèé, ìîãóòí³é;<br />
ð³çêèé, øàëåíèé<br />
vehementer – ñèëüíî, ì³öíî<br />
vehicûlum, i n – â³çîê<br />
veho, vexi, vectum, êre – òÿãòè, âîëîêòè<br />
vel – àáî, ÷è; ÿê<br />
velle, vellem – äèâ.: volo<br />
velocîtas, atis f – øâèäê³ñòü<br />
velocîter – øâèäêî, íåçàáàðîì<br />
velum, i n – íàâ³ñ; â³òðèëî<br />
velut (velûti) – ÿê, íàïðèêëàä<br />
vendîdi – äèâ.: vendo<br />
venditio, onis f – ïðîäàæ; venditio<br />
imaginaria = mancipatio<br />
vendîtor, oris m – ïðîäàâåöü<br />
vendo, vendîdi, vendîtum, êre – ïðîäàâàòè<br />
venenum, i n – îòðóòà<br />
veneo, ii (ivi), -, ire – íàäõîäèòè â ïðîäàæ,<br />
ïðîäàâàòèñÿ<br />
venêror, atus sum, ari – øàíóâàòè; øàíîáëèâî<br />
ïðîñèòè<br />
venia, ae f – ìèë³ñòü, ïîëåãê³ñòü; veniam<br />
dare – ïðîùàòè<br />
venio, veni, ventum, ire – ïðèõîäèòè,<br />
éòè<br />
venor, atus sum, ari – ïîëþâàòè<br />
venter, ventris m – æèâ³ò, ÷åðåâî, óòðîáà<br />
ventus, i m – â³òåð<br />
venumdo, dêdi, dâtum, dari – ïðîäàòè<br />
Venus, nêris f – Âåíåðà (áîãèíÿ êîõàííÿ,<br />
êðàñè); ïîåò. êîõàííÿ<br />
ver, veris n – âåñíà<br />
verber, êris n – áè÷, áè÷óâàííÿ, ïîáî¿,<br />
ïîáèòòÿ<br />
verbêro, avi, atum, are – áèòè<br />
verbum, i n – ñëîâî; verborum obligatio<br />
– ñëîâåñíå (âåðáàëüíå) çîáîâ’ÿçàííÿ,<br />
ñòèïóëÿö³ÿ; verbi gratia – íàïðèêëàä<br />
vere – ³ñòèííî, ïî-ñïðàâæíüîìó, ä³éñíî<br />
vereor, verîtus sum, vereri – ïîáîþâàòèñÿ<br />
verîtas, atis f – ³ñòèíà; íåõèáí³ñòü, ïðàâäèâ³ñòü,<br />
ñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü; in veritate –<br />
íàñïðàâä³<br />
verîtus, a, um – äèâ.: vereor<br />
vero – æå, ä³éñíî<br />
versor, atus sum, ari – ïåðåáóâàòè,<br />
îáåðòàòè, æèòè, ä³ÿòè; çâåðòàòèñÿ,<br />
íàäõîäèòè<br />
verto, verti, versum, êre – ïîâåðòàòè,<br />
çâåðòàòè, íàäõîäèòè<br />
verum, i n – ïðàâäà, ³ñòèíà<br />
verumtâmen – àëå, ³ âñå-òàêè<br />
verus, a, um – ä³éñíèé, ñïðàâæí³é, ùèðèé
vesper, êris (êri) m – âå÷³ð, âå÷³ðíÿ ç³ðêà<br />
Vesta, ae f – Âåñòà (áîãèíÿ äîáðîáóòó ³<br />
äîìîâèòîñò³)<br />
vester, vestra, vestrum – âàø<br />
vestibûlum, i n – âåñòèáþëü, ìàéäàí÷èê<br />
ïåðåä áóäèíêîì<br />
vestigium, ii n – êîë³ÿ, ñë³ä, ì³ñöå, â³äáèòîê<br />
vestimentum, i n – îäÿã<br />
vestio, ivi (ii), itum, ire – ïîêðèâàòè, âäÿãàòè,<br />
íàðÿäæàòè<br />
vestis, is f – îäÿã, ïëàòòÿ<br />
vestri, vestrum – äèâ.: vos, vester<br />
veteranus, i m – âåòåðàí, ñòàðèé ñîëäàò<br />
vetêres – äèâ.: vetus<br />
veto, vetui, vetîtum, are – çàáîðîíÿòè<br />
vetui – äèâ.: veto<br />
vetus, vetêris – ñòàðèé, äàâí³é; vetêres –<br />
ñòàðîäàâí³<br />
vetustas, atis f – ñòàð³ñòü; ñòàðîäàâí³ñòü,<br />
äàâíèíà<br />
vexo, avi, atum, are – ãíàòè; òðèâîæèòè,<br />
ìó÷èòè<br />
vi, vim – äèâ.: vis<br />
via, ae f – äîðîãà; ïðî¿çä; ïðàâî ïðî¿çäó<br />
vicinus, i m – ñóñ³ä<br />
(vicis), vicem, vice f (³ìåííèê III â³äì³íè,<br />
ùî ìຠíå óñ³ â³äì³íêîâ³ ôîðìè) –<br />
çì³íà, ÷åðãóâàííÿ, ñëóæáà, çàâäàííÿ,<br />
îáîâ’ÿçîê; vicem sustinere – îá³éìàòè<br />
ïîñàäó; vicem (alicuius rei)<br />
obtinere – ñòàâàòè çàì³ñòü, íàáóâàòè<br />
÷èííîñò³<br />
victor, oris m – ïåðåìîæåöü<br />
victoria, ae f – ïåðåìîãà<br />
victus, a, um – äèâ.: vinco ÷è vivo<br />
vicus, i m – ñåëî, ñåëèùå<br />
videlîcet – çðîçóì³ëî, çâè÷àéíî, ÿñíî<br />
video, vidi, visum, ere – áà÷èòè, óáà÷àòè;<br />
çíàòè<br />
videor, visus sum, videri – ïîêàçóâàòèñÿ,<br />
âèÿâëÿòèñÿ; áóòè î÷åâèäíèì, çäàâàòèñÿ,<br />
ïðåäñòàâëÿòèñÿ<br />
vigîlans, antis – ïèëüíèé, íåâñèïóùèé<br />
vigilia, ae f – ÷àñ áåç ñíó<br />
vigîlo, avi, atum, are – íå ñïàòè<br />
viginti – äâàäöÿòü<br />
vigor, oris m – ñèëà<br />
vilis, e – äåøåâèé, ìàëîö³ííèé<br />
vinarius, a, um – âèííèé<br />
vincio, vinxi, vinctum, ire – çâ’ÿçóâàòè,<br />
çàêîâóâàòè, óòðèìóâàòè<br />
vinco, vici, victum, êre – ïåðåìàãàòè,<br />
ïåðåáîðþâàòè; habere pro victo –<br />
ââàæàòè òàêèì, ùî ïðîãðàâ ñïðàâó<br />
vinctus, a, um – äèâ.: vincio<br />
vincûlum, i n – ìîòóçêà, çâ’ÿçîê, óçè;<br />
vincûla publîca = carcer<br />
vindemia, ae f – çá³ð âèíîãðàäó<br />
vindicatio, onis f – â³íäèêàö³ÿ, ðå÷îâèé<br />
ïîçîâ<br />
vindîco, avi, atum, are – âèìàãàòè, çàÿâëÿòè<br />
ïðåòåíç³þ; ïðèâëàñíþâàòè; íàêëàäàòè<br />
ñòÿãíåííÿ, êàðàòè; contra<br />
vindicare – âèñóâàòè çóñòð³÷íó âèìîãó;<br />
pro parte vindicare – ïðåä’ÿâëÿòè<br />
ïîçîâ ïðî ñâîþ ÷àñòèíó âëàñíîñò³<br />
vindicta, ae f – â³íä³êòà (ïðåòîðñüêèé<br />
æåçë, äîòîðêàþ÷èñü ÿêèì äî ðàáà â<br />
ïðèñóòíîñò³ ïðåòîðà àáî ³íøî¿ ïîñàäîâî¿<br />
îñîáè çàÿâíèê – absertor<br />
libertatis – â³äïóñêàâ ðàáà íà âîëþ)<br />
vinea, ae f – âèíîãðàäíèê, âèíîãðàäíà<br />
ëîçà<br />
vinetum, i n – âèíîãðàäíèê<br />
vinum, i n – âèíî<br />
viôlo, avi, atum, are – ÷èíèòè íàñèëüñòâî,<br />
ïîðóøóâàòè; ðîçîðÿòè, áåç÷åñòèòè,<br />
îïîãàíþâàòè<br />
vir, viri m – ÷îëîâ³ê<br />
virga, ae f – ã³ëêà, ëîçèíà, ð³çêà<br />
virgo, î nis f – ä³âà, ä³â÷èíà; virgo<br />
Vestalis – ä³âà-âåñòàëêà<br />
viridiarium (viridarium), ii n – íàñàäæåííÿ,<br />
ïàðê, ñàä, ãàé<br />
virilis, e – ÷îëîâ³÷èé, âëàñòèâèé (òîé,<br />
ùî íàëåæèòü) ÷îëîâ³êàì<br />
virilî tas, atis f – ìóæí³ñòü, ÷îëîâ³÷à<br />
ã³äí³ñòü<br />
viripôtens, entis – ïîâíîë³òí³é, ùî çäàòíèé<br />
îäðóæóâàòèñÿ<br />
virtus, virtutis f – ñèëà, äîáëåñòü, ìóæí³ñòü,<br />
÷åñíîòà<br />
vis – äèâ.: volo<br />
vis, f – ñèëà, íàñèëüñòâî; vis maior –<br />
íåïåðåáîðíà ñèëà, ôîðñ-ìàæîð; vi<br />
bona rapta (áóêâ.: ìàéíî, â³äíÿòå ñèëîì³öü)<br />
– ðîçá³éíå ïîãðàáóâàííÿ; vim<br />
inferre – çàñòîñîâóâàòè íàñèëüñòâî<br />
visîto, avi, atum, are – â³äâ³äóâàòè; êàðàòè<br />
vita, ae f – æèòòÿ<br />
vitium, ii n – ґàíäæ, íåäîë³ê<br />
vito, avi, atum, are – óíèêàòè, óõèëÿòèñÿ,<br />
ï³òè, ðÿòóâàòèñÿ<br />
247
vivo, vixi, victum, êre – æèòè<br />
vivus, a, um – æèâèé<br />
vix – ëåäü, íàâðÿä ÷è; íàñèëó<br />
vobis – äèâ.: vos<br />
vocabûlum, i n – íàéìåíóâàííÿ, íàçâà,<br />
ñëîâî<br />
vociferatio, onis f – âèãóê, ëåìåíò, êðèêè<br />
vocifêror, atus sum, ari – âèêðèêóâàòè,<br />
êðè÷àòè, âèãîëîøóâàòè, ãîâîðèòè<br />
voco, avi, atum, are – êëèêàòè, íàçèâàòè;<br />
ñêëèêàòè; vocare ad hereditatem<br />
– «ïðèçèâàòè äî ñïàäùèíè», òîáòî<br />
ïîâ³äîìëÿòè ïðî âñòóï ó ñïàäùèíó;<br />
in ius vocare – êëèêàòè â ñóä, ïîäàâàòè<br />
â ñóä; ad possessionem vocare –<br />
ïðàâî ðîçïîðÿäæåííÿ<br />
volens, volentis – áàæàþ÷èé<br />
volgo – äèâ.: vulgo<br />
volo, avi, atum, are – ë³òàòè<br />
volo, volui, -, velle – õîò³òè, âèðàæàòè<br />
âîëþ, áàæàòè<br />
volûcer, volûcris, volûcre – ïåðíàòèé,<br />
ë³òàþ÷èé<br />
volumen, înis n – ñóâ³é, ðóêîïèñ, òâ³ð<br />
voluntarius, a, um – äîáðîâ³ëüíèé<br />
voluntas, atis f – âîëÿ, áàæàííÿ<br />
voluptas, atis f – íàñîëîäà, çàäîâîëåííÿ,<br />
ïðèñòðàñòü<br />
248<br />
voluptuosus, a, um – ïðèºìíèé, ïîâ’ÿçàíèé<br />
ç çàäîâîëåííÿì àáî ðîçâàãîþ<br />
vos – âè<br />
votum, i n – æåðòâà, îá³òíèöÿ; âîëÿ, áàæàííÿ<br />
voveo, vovi, votum, ere – äàâàòè îá³òíèöþ<br />
vox, vocis f – <strong>ìîâà</strong>, ãîëîñ<br />
vulgaris, e – çâè÷àéíèé, çàãàëüíîâ³äîìèé,<br />
ïðîñòîíàðîäíèé, çàãàëüíîïðèéíÿòèé,<br />
çàãàëüíîäîñòóïíèé<br />
vulgo (volgo) – ó íàðîä³; óñþäè, ïîâñþäíî,<br />
ïðèâñåëþäíî; ïîçà øëþáîì<br />
vulgus, i m (n) – íàðîä, þðáà, ãîëîòà<br />
vulnêro, avi, atum, are – ðàíèòè<br />
vulnus, êris n – ðàíà<br />
vulpes, is f – ëèñèöÿ<br />
vult – äèâ.: volo<br />
vultus, us m – çîâí³øí³ñòü, âèãëÿä îñîáè,<br />
ïîãëÿä; ðèñè îñîáè, îñîáà, âèä,<br />
îáëè÷÷ÿ<br />
Z<br />
zelotes, ae m – ðåâíèòåëü<br />
zephîrus, i m – çåô³ð, çàõ³äíèé âåñíÿíèé<br />
â³òåð<br />
zodiâcus, i m – çîä³àê<br />
zona, ae f – ïîÿñ, çîíà
Çì³ñò<br />
Ïåðåä<strong>ìîâà</strong> ...................................................................................................... 3<br />
LECTIO I (PRIMA)<br />
§ 1. Ôîíåòèêà .................................................................................................. 7<br />
§ 2. Âè<strong>ìîâà</strong> ãîëîñíèõ ³ äèôòîíã³â ................................................................ 8<br />
§ 3. Âè<strong>ìîâà</strong> ïðèãîëîñíèõ ³ áóêâîñïîëó÷åíü ................................................. 9<br />
§ 4. Äîâãîòà ³ êîðîòê³ñòü çâóê³â. Íàãîëîñ ................................................. 10<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 12<br />
Personalia (Yulius Paulus) ....................................................................... 12<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 13<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 13<br />
LECTIO II (SECUNDA)<br />
§ 5. Ãðàìàòè÷í³ êàòåãî𳿠³ìåííèêà ............................................................ 14<br />
§ 6. Declinatio prima. Ïåðøà â³äì³íà .......................................................... 15<br />
§ 7. ³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñëîâà esse — áóòè â òåïåð³øíüîìó ÷àñ³............... 15<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 17<br />
Personalia (Domitius Ulpianus) .............................................................. 17<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 18<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 19<br />
LECTIO III (TERTIA)<br />
§ 8. Verbum. ijºñëîâî .................................................................................. 20<br />
§ 9. Òèïè â³äì³íþâàííÿ 䳺ñë³â .................................................................. 20<br />
§ 10. Îñíîâí³ ôîðìè 䳺ñëîâà ..................................................................... 21<br />
§ 11. Praesens indicativi activi. Òåïåð³øí³é ÷àñ ä³éñíîãî ñïîñîáó<br />
àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó .................................................................................... 22<br />
§ 12. Imperativus. Íàêàçîâèé ñïîñ³á ........................................................... 23<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 25<br />
Personalia (Iustinianus) ........................................................................... 25<br />
Ius Romanum .......................................................................................... 26<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 26<br />
LECTIO IV (QUARTA)<br />
§ 13. Declinatio secunda. Äðóãà â³äì³íà ..................................................... 28<br />
§ 14. Praepositiones. Ïðèéìåííèêè ............................................................. 28<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 30<br />
Personalia (Marcus Tullius Cicêro) ......................................................... 30<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 32<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 32<br />
249
LECTIO V (QUINTA)<br />
§ 15. Declinatio tertia. Òðåòÿ â³äì³íà ³ìåííèê³â ........................................ 33<br />
§ 16. Òðè òèïè â³äì³íþâàííÿ ...................................................................... 33<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 36<br />
Personalia (Gaius).................................................................................... 36<br />
Ius Romanum .......................................................................................... 37<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 38<br />
LECTIO VI (SEXTA)<br />
§ 17. Adiectiva declinationis primae et secundae. Ïðèêìåòíèêè ïåðøî¿ òà<br />
äðóãî¿ â³äì³íè ....................................................................................... 39<br />
§ 18. Pronomina possessiva. Ïðèñâ³éí³ çàéìåííèêè .................................. 39<br />
§ 19. Pronomina personalia et pronomen reflexivum. Îñîáîâ³ çàéìåííèêè<br />
³ çâîðîòíèé çàéìåííèê ......................................................................... 40<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 42<br />
Personalia (Papinianus Aemilius) ........................................................... 42<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 43<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 43<br />
LECTIO VII (SEPTIMA)<br />
§ 20. Adiectiva declinationis tertiae. Ïðèêìåòíèêè òðåòüî¿ â³äì³íè ........ 44<br />
§ 21. Participium praesentis activi. ijºïðèêìåòíèê òåïåð³øíüîãî ÷àñó<br />
àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó .................................................................................. 44<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 47<br />
Personalia (Augustus Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus) ......................... 47<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 47<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 48<br />
LECTIO VIII (OCTAVA)<br />
§ 22. Imperfectum indicativi activi. Ìèíóëèé íåäîêîíàíîãî âèäó<br />
ä³éñíüãî ñïîñîáó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó ...................................................... 49<br />
§ 23. Futurum I (Primum) Indicativi Activi. Ìàéáóòí³é ÷àñ (ïåðøèé)<br />
ä³éñíîãî ñïîñîáó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó ..................................................... 49<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 52<br />
Personalia (Pomponius, Sextus) .............................................................. 52<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 53<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 53<br />
LECTIO IX (NONA)<br />
§ 24. Declinatio quarta. ×åòâåðòà â³äì³íà ³ìåííèê³â.................................. 54<br />
250
§ 25. Declinatio quinta. Ï’ÿòà â³äì³íà ³ìåííèê³â ....................................... 55<br />
§ 26. ijºñëîâà ²²² 䳺â³äì³íè íà -io ............................................................. 55<br />
De servis Romanorum ................................................................................... 57<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 59<br />
Personalia (Marcellus Ulpius) ................................................................. 59<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 59<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 60<br />
LECTIO X (DECIMA)<br />
§ 27. Passivum temporum systematis infecti. Ïàñèâíèé ñòàí ÷àñ³â ñèñòåìè<br />
³íôåêòà ................................................................................................... 61<br />
§ 28. Infinitivus praesentis passivi. Íåîçíà÷åíà ôîðìà òåïåð³øíüîãî<br />
÷àñó ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó ........................................................................... 62<br />
Res mancipi et nec mancipi ........................................................................... 65<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 66<br />
Personalia (Iulianus L Octavius Cornelius Aemilianus) ........................ 66<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 66<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 67<br />
LECTIO XI (UNDECIMA)<br />
§ 29. Tempora systematis perfecti. ×àñè ñèñòåìè ïåðôåêòà....................... 68<br />
§ 30. Perfectum indicativi activi. Ìèíóëèé ÷àñ äîêîíàíîãî âèäó<br />
ä³éñíîãî ñïîñîáó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó ..................................................... 68<br />
§ 31. Plusquamperfectum indicativi activi. Äàâíîìèíóëèé ÷àñ<br />
ä³éñíîãî ñïîñîáó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó ..................................................... 69<br />
§ 32. Futurum II (secundum) indicativi activi. Ìàéáóòí³é ÷àñ<br />
äîêîíàíîãî âèäó ä³éñíîãî ñïîñîáó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó ....................... 69<br />
Mancipatio...................................................................................................... 72<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 73<br />
Personalia (Modestinus Herennius) ........................................................ 73<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 74<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 74<br />
LECTIO XII (DUODECIMA)<br />
§ 33. Supinum. Ñóï³í .................................................................................... 75<br />
§ 34. Participium. ijºïðèêìåòíèê ............................................................... 75<br />
§ 35. Passivum temporum systematis perfecti. Ïàñèâíèé ñòàí ÷àñ³â<br />
ñèñòåìè ïåðôåêòà ................................................................................. 76<br />
De magistratibus Romanorum ....................................................................... 79<br />
251
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 80<br />
Personalia (Quintus Mucius Scaevôla) .................................................... 80<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 80<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 80<br />
LECTIO XIII (TERTIA DECIMA)<br />
§ 36. Pronomina demonstrativa. Âêàç³âí³ çàéìåííèêè ............................... 82<br />
§ 37. Pronomina determinativa. Îçíà÷àëüí³ çàéìåííèêè ........................... 83<br />
§ 38. Pronomen relativum. ³äíîñíèé çàéìåííèê ...................................... 83<br />
§ 39. Pronomina interrogativa. Ïèòàëüí³ çàéìåííèêè ................................ 84<br />
§ 40. Pronomina indefinita. Íåîçíà÷åí³ çàéìåííèêè .................................. 84<br />
§ 41. Pronomina negativa. Çàïåðå÷í³ çàéìåííèêè ...................................... 85<br />
§ 42. Adiectiva pronominalia. Çàéìåííèêîâ³ ïðèêìåòíèêè ....................... 85<br />
Codicillus ....................................................................................................... 87<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 88<br />
Personalia (Labeo Marcus Antistius) ...................................................... 88<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 88<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 89<br />
LECTIO XIV (QUARTA DECIMA)<br />
§ 43. Gradus comparationis adiectivorum. Ñòóïåí³ ïîð³âíÿííÿ<br />
ïðèêìåòíèê³â ........................................................................................ 90<br />
§ 44. Ñóïëåòèâí³ ñòóïåí³ ïîð³âíÿííÿ ......................................................... 91<br />
§ 45. Adverbium. Ïðèñë³âíèê ...................................................................... 91<br />
§ 46. Gradus comparationis adverbiorum. Ñòóïåí³ ïîð³âíÿííÿ<br />
ïðèñë³âíèê³â .......................................................................................... 92<br />
Capitis deminutio ........................................................................................... 94<br />
De effracturis .................................................................................................. 94<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ................................................................................. 95<br />
Personalia (Lucius Annaeus Senêca Iunior) ........................................... 95<br />
Ius Romanum ........................................................................................... 95<br />
Ars ............................................................................................................ 96<br />
LECTIO XV (QUINTA DECIMA)<br />
§ 47. Verba anomala. Íåïðàâèëüí³ ä³ºñëîâà ............................................... 97<br />
§ 48. ijºñëîâà, ñêëàäí³ ç esse ...................................................................... 97<br />
§ 49. ijºñëîâî possum, potui, – , posse ....................................................... 98<br />
§ 50. ijºñëîâà volo, nolo, malo ó òåïåð³øíüîìó ÷àñ³ ............................... 98<br />
§ 51. Verba deponentia et semideponentia. ³äêëàäí³ ³ íàï³ââ³äêëàäí³<br />
䳺ñëîâà .................................................................................................. 99<br />
252
§ 52. Verba defectiva. Íåäîñòàòí³ ä³ºñëîâà ................................................. 99<br />
De imperio et iurisdictione .......................................................................... 102<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ............................................................................... 102<br />
Personalia (Gaius Iulius Caesar) ........................................................... 102<br />
Ius Romanum ......................................................................................... 103<br />
Ars .......................................................................................................... 103<br />
LECTIO XVI (SEXTA DECIMA)<br />
§ 53. ³äì³íþâàííÿ ÷èñë³âíèê³â ............................................................... 104<br />
§ 54. Numeralia cardinalia et ordinalia. ʳëüê³ñí³ ³ ïîðÿäêîâ³<br />
÷èñë³âíèêè ........................................................................................... 105<br />
Res corporales et incorporales ..................................................................... 107<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ............................................................................... 108<br />
Personalia (Traianus, imperator Caesar Nerva Augustus) ................... 108<br />
Ius Romanum ......................................................................................... 108<br />
Ars .......................................................................................................... 108<br />
LECTIO XVII (SEPTIMA DECIMA)<br />
§ 55. Infinitivus. Íåîçíà÷åíà ôîðìà 䳺ñëîâà ........................................... 110<br />
§ 56. Accusativus cum infinitivo et nominativus cum infinitivo.<br />
Çíàõ³äíèé â³äì³íîê ç íåîçíà÷íîþ ôîðìîþ 䳺ñëîâà ³ íàçèâíèé<br />
â³äì³íîê ç íåîçíà÷íîþ ôîðìîþ 䳺ñëîâà ......................................... 110<br />
§ 57. Ablativus absolutus. Ñàìîñò³éíèé àáî íåçàëåæíèé àáëàòèâ .......... 111<br />
Interpretatio stricta ....................................................................................... 114<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ............................................................................... 115<br />
Personalia (Hadrianus, imperator Caesar Traianus Augustus)............. 115<br />
Ars .......................................................................................................... 115<br />
Ius Romanum ......................................................................................... 115<br />
LECTIO XVIII (DUODEVICESIMA)<br />
§ 58. Gerundium. Ãåðóíä³é ........................................................................ 117<br />
§ 59. Gerundivum. Ãåðóíäèâ...................................................................... 118<br />
De servitutibus praediorum urbanorum ...................................................... 120<br />
De servitutibus praediorum rusticorum ....................................................... 121<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ............................................................................... 122<br />
Personalia (Celsus Publius Iuventius, Celsus-filius) ............................ 122<br />
Ius Romanum ......................................................................................... 122<br />
Ars .......................................................................................................... 123<br />
253
LECTIO XIX (UNDEVICESIMA)<br />
§ 60. Modus coniunctivus. Óìîâíèé ñïîñ³á .............................................. 124<br />
§ 61. Praesens coniunctivi activi. Òåïåðåøí³é ÷àñ óìîâíîãî ñïîñîáó<br />
àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó .................................................................................. 124<br />
§ 62. Imperfectum coniunctivi activi. Ìèíóëèé ÷àñ íåäîêîíàíîãî âèäó<br />
óìîâíîãî ñïîñîáó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó .................................................. 125<br />
§ 63. Perfectum coniunctivi activi. Ìèíóëèé ÷àñ äîêîíàíîãî âèäó<br />
óìîâíîãî ñïîñîáó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó .................................................. 125<br />
§ 64. Plusquamperfectum coniunctivi activi. Äàâíüîìèíóëèé ÷àñ<br />
äîêîíàíîãî âèäó óìîâíîãî ñïîñîáó àêòèâíîãî ñòàíó .................... 125<br />
§ 65. Coniunctivi passivi. Óòâîðåííÿ ÷àñ³â óìîâíîãî ñïîñîáó<br />
ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó .................................................................................. 126<br />
§ 66. Âæèâàííÿ êîí’þíêòèâà â íåçàëåæíèõ ðå÷åííÿõ ............................ 127<br />
Gaudeamus ................................................................................................... 129<br />
Pater noster ................................................................................................... 131<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ............................................................................... 131<br />
Personalia (Sabinus Masurius) .............................................................. 131<br />
Ius Romanum ......................................................................................... 131<br />
Ars .......................................................................................................... 132<br />
LECTIO XX (VICESIMA)<br />
§ 67. Consecutio temporum. Ïîñë³äîâí³ñòü ÷àñ³â .................................... 133<br />
§ 68. Quaestio obliqua. Íåïðÿìå ïèòàííÿ ................................................ 134<br />
De verbis legatorum ..................................................................................... 135<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ............................................................................... 136<br />
Personalia (Neratius Priscus Lucius) ..................................................... 136<br />
Ius Romanum .......................................................................................... 136<br />
Ars ........................................................................................................... 137<br />
LECTIO XXI (VICESIMA PRIMA)<br />
§ 69. ϳäðÿäí³ ðå÷åííÿ ìåòè ç ut ³ ne finale ............................................. 138<br />
§ 70. ϳäðÿäí³ ðå÷åííÿ ïðè÷èíè ............................................................... 138<br />
§ 71. ϳäðÿäí³ ðå÷åííÿ íàñë³äêó ............................................................... 138<br />
§ 72. ϳäðÿäí³ äîïóñòîâ³ ðå÷åííÿ ............................................................. 139<br />
§ 73. ϳäðÿäí³ ðå÷åííÿ îáñòàâèíè ÷àñó.................................................... 139<br />
§ 74. ϳäðÿäí³ ðå÷åííÿ óìîâè ................................................................... 140<br />
De iure civili et gentium .............................................................................. 142<br />
De vita Romae antiquae ............................................................................... 142<br />
Personalia (Diocletianus, imperator Caesar Aurelius<br />
Valerius Augustus) ................................................................................ 142<br />
Ius Romanum ......................................................................................... 143<br />
Ars .......................................................................................................... 143<br />
254
ÄÎÏÎ̲ÆͲ ÃÐÀÌÀÒÈ×Ͳ ÌÀÒÅвÀËÈ<br />
I. Îñíîâí³ ôóíêö³¿ ëàòèíñüêèõ â³äì³íê³â ................................................ 144<br />
II. Çâåäåí³ ìîðôîëîã³÷í³ òàáëèö³ .............................................................. 149<br />
ÕÐÅÑÒÎÌÀÒ²ÉͲ ÌÀÒÅвÀËÈ ........................................................... 161<br />
ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÑÊÎÐÎ×ÅÍÜ ......................................................................... 181<br />
ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÂÈÊÎÐÈÑÒÀÍί ˲ÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÈ ...................................... 181<br />
ËÀÒÈÍÑÜÊÎ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÑÜÊÈÉ ÑËÎÂÍÈÊ ...................................... 183<br />
255
Навчальне видання<br />
ХОМІЦЬКА<br />
Зоя Миколаївна<br />
Латинська мова<br />
Підручник<br />
Редактор Н. Й. Михайличенко<br />
Комп’ютерна верстка<br />
і дизайн В. М. Зеленька<br />
Підписано до друку з оригінал-макета 20.08.2004.<br />
Формат 84х108 1/ 32. Папір офсетний. Гарнітура Times.<br />
Ум. друк. арк. 13. Обл.-вид. арк. 12,3. Вид. № 160.<br />
Тираж 3000 прим. Зам.<br />
Видавництво «Право» Академії правових наук України<br />
Україна, 61002, Харків, вул. Чернишевського, 80<br />
(Свідоцтво про внесення суб’єкта видавничої справи<br />
до державного реєстру видавців, виготовників і розповсюджувачів<br />
видавничої продукції серія ДК № 559 від 09.08.2001 р.)<br />
Виготовлено у ТОВ «Навчальний друк»<br />
Україна, 61001, Харків, вул. Державінська, 38.<br />
Свідоцтво про внесення до Державного реєстру:<br />
серія ХК № 58 від 10.06.2002 р.