enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ... enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
saklasifikacio principad aRebulia morfologiuri da sintaqsuri kriteriumi, romlis safuZvelzec gamoiyofa diaTezis gramatikuli kategoria. diaTeza aris qarTuli zmnis ZiriTadi gramatikuli kategoria, romelic xasiaTdeba morfologiuri struqturisa da sintaqsuri konstruqciis erTianobiT. sqemidan Cans, rom „diaTeza~ warmoadgens morfo-sintaqsur donesa da semantikur dones Soris Sesabamisobis suraTs. gvari _ diaTezis qvesaxea, romelsac semantikuri datvirTva aqvs da gramatikulad ar aris markirebuli: avtoaqtivsa da aqtivs axasiaTebs rogorc R-0, ise R-i struqtura da rogorc ergatiuli, ise nominatiuri konstruqcia: pasivisaTvis aqedan saziaroa R-i struqtura da nominatiuri konstruqcia. gamoiyofa diaTezis sami tipi, romelTagan TiToeuls aerTianebs morfologiuri struqturisa da sintaqsuri konstruqciis erTgvaroba. rogorc sqemidan Cans, qarTuli zmnis uRlebis tipebad dayofisas Cven veyrdnobiT gramatikul (morfosintaqsur) kriteriumebs, kerZod: morfologiur struqturas (agebulebas) da sintaqsur konstruqcias (vrclad am sakiTxis Sesaxeb ix. meliqiSvili 2001, 2008). sabolood SeiZleba davaskvnaT: diaTeza aris gramatikulad markirebuli, struqturiTa da konstruqciis erTianobiT gansazRvruli kategoria, romlis semantikuri niSniT gansazRvruli qvesaxe aris gvari. gvari ver CaiTvleba qarTuli zmnis gramatikulad markirebul kategoriad, radganac diaTezis farglebSi Semavali sami semantikurad markirebuli gvaris _ avtoaqtivis (refleqsivis), (pirdapirobieqtiani da iribobieqtiani) aqtivisa da pasivis gramatikuli maxasiaTeblebi saziaroa: kerZod, ergatiuli konstruqciis avtoaqtivis (refleqsivis) da aqtivis struqtura (R-0) erTnairia. nominatiuri konstruqciis pasivis, iribobieqtiani aqtivis da avtoaqtivis (R-i) struqturac erTnairia. konversiiT miRebuli organuli forma yovelTvis (da xSirad) ar iZleva pasiur Sinaarss. amitom polisemiis dasaZlevad sakuTriv pasivis funqciis gamosaxatavad qarTulSi TandaTan Camoyalibda avtoaqtivisa da aqtivisagan gansxvavebuli sakuTari forma: aRweriTi konstruqcia (namyo dr. mimR. +iqmna meSv. zmna), romelic istoriulad meoreulia da tipologiurad ar jdeba qarTveluri zmnis amosavali sistemis _ diaTezis farglebSi. diaTeza saerTo qarTveluri zmnis morfologiuri struqturisa da sintaqsuri konstruqciisaTvis amosavali sqemaa, romelmac qarTveluri enebis ganviTarebis gzaze garkveuli cvlilebebi ganicada (rac vrceli Temaa da calke ganxilvas moiTxovs). 94
dabolos, Tu SevadarebT `seriebis~ da `diaTezebis~ sqemebs, aRmovaCenT saintereso kanonzomierebas, rac SemTxveviTi ar aris da orive klasifikaciis marTebulobaze miuTiTebs: orive klasifikacias erTi, gramatikuli kriteriumi udevs safuZvlad: TiToeuli seria da diaTeza morfologiuri struqturisa da sintaqsuri konstruqciis erTianobiT xasiaTdeba; amasTan, III seria, iseve, rogorc III diaTeza, datiuri konstruqciisa da narevi struqturisaa, kerZod, III seriis formebi I da II seriis Temas eyrdnoba da gviandeli Camoyalibebulia ugvaro statikuri (m-i-gd-i-e, m-i-wer-i-e) zmnebis inversiis Sedegad, III diaTezis II qvejgufis zmnebic narevi struqturis (m-a-kankal-eb-s, m-axvel-eb-s, m-e-Zin-eb-a, m-e-xvel-eb--a) zmnebis inversiuli gaazrebiTaa miRebuli. literatura danelia 2006: k. danelia, kolxuri enis gramatikuli analizi, wignSi: kolxuri ena, Semdgenlebi: n. danelia, r. niSnianiZe, gamomc. „universali“, Tbilisi. meliqiSvili 2001: d. meliqiSvili, qarTuli zmnis uRlebis sistema, Tbilisi. meliqiSvili 2008: d. meliqiSvili, qarTuli zmnis uRlebadi formebis klasifikaciisa da kvalifikaciis principisaTvis, I. piris niSanTa gamoxatvis sistema qarTulSi, enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, I, 2008, Tbilisi. nozaZe 2008: l. nozaZe, qarTvelur enaTa istoriuli morfologiis sakiTxebi, gamomc. `universali~, Tbilisi. suxiSvili 1980: m. suxiSvili, moqmedebiTi da vnebiTi gvaris warmoebisa da semantikis zogierTi sakiTxi qarTulSi, kreb. narkvevebi iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa morfologiidan, Tbilisi. SaniZe 1973: a.SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tbilisi. Ciqobava 1928: arn. Ciqobava, `martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi~, sadoqtoro disertacia, tfilisi. Ciqobava 1968: arn. Ciqobava, martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi, I, Tbilisi. jorbenaZe 1980: b. jorbenaZe, qarTuli zmnis formobrivi da funqciuri analizis principebi, Tbilisi. jorbenaZe 1983: b. jorbenaZe, zmnis xmovanprefiqsuli warmoeba qarTulSi, Tbilisi. Марр Н. Я., Основные таблицы к грамматике древнелитературного грузинского языка С-Пб, 1912. 95
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dabolos, Tu SevadarebT `seriebis~ da `diaTezebis~ sqemebs, aRmovaCenT<br />
saintereso kanonzomierebas, rac SemTxveviTi ar aris da orive<br />
klasifikaciis marTebulobaze miuTiTebs: orive klasifikacias erTi,<br />
gramatikuli kriteriumi udevs safuZvlad: TiToeuli seria da diaTeza<br />
morfologiuri struqturisa da sintaqsuri konstruqciis erTianobiT<br />
xasiaTdeba; amasTan, III seria, iseve, rogorc III diaTeza, datiuri<br />
konstruqciisa da narevi struqturisaa, kerZod, III seriis formebi I da<br />
II seriis Temas eyrdnoba da gviandeli Camoyalibebulia ugvaro<br />
statikuri (m-i-gd-i-e, m-i-wer-i-e) zmnebis inversiis Sedegad, III<br />
diaTezis II qvejgufis zmnebic narevi struqturis (m-a-kankal-eb-s, m-axvel-eb-s,<br />
m-e-Zin-eb-a, m-e-xvel-eb--a) zmnebis inversiuli gaazrebiTaa<br />
miRebuli.<br />
literatura<br />
danelia 2006: k. danelia, kolxuri enis gramatikuli analizi, wignSi: kolxuri<br />
ena, Semdgenlebi: n. danelia, r. niSnianiZe, gamomc. „universali“, <strong>Tbilisi</strong>.<br />
meliqiSvili 2001: d. meliqiSvili, qarTuli zmnis uRlebis sistema, <strong>Tbilisi</strong>.<br />
meliqiSvili 2008: d. meliqiSvili, qarTuli zmnis uRlebadi formebis klasifikaciisa<br />
da kvalifikaciis principisaTvis, I. piris niSanTa gamoxatvis sistema<br />
qarTulSi, <strong>enaTmecnierebis</strong> <strong>sakiTxebi</strong>, I, 2008, <strong>Tbilisi</strong>.<br />
nozaZe 2008: l. nozaZe, qarTvelur enaTa istoriuli morfologiis <strong>sakiTxebi</strong>,<br />
gamomc. `universali~, <strong>Tbilisi</strong>.<br />
suxiSvili 1980: m. suxiSvili, moqmedebiTi da vnebiTi gvaris warmoebisa da<br />
semantikis zogierTi sakiTxi qarTulSi, kreb. narkvevebi iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa<br />
morfologiidan, <strong>Tbilisi</strong>.<br />
SaniZe 1973: a.SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, <strong>Tbilisi</strong>.<br />
Ciqobava 1928: arn. Ciqobava, `martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi~,<br />
sadoqtoro disertacia, tfilisi.<br />
Ciqobava 1968: arn. Ciqobava, martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi, I,<br />
<strong>Tbilisi</strong>.<br />
jorbenaZe 1980: b. jorbenaZe, qarTuli zmnis formobrivi da funqciuri<br />
analizis principebi, <strong>Tbilisi</strong>.<br />
jorbenaZe 1983: b. jorbenaZe, zmnis xmovanprefiqsuli warmoeba qarTulSi,<br />
<strong>Tbilisi</strong>.<br />
Марр Н. Я., Основные таблицы к грамматике древнелитературного грузинского<br />
языка С-Пб, 1912.<br />
95
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