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enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...

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saklasifikacio principad aRebulia morfologiuri da sintaqsuri<br />

kriteriumi, romlis safuZvelzec gamoiyofa diaTezis gramatikuli<br />

kategoria.<br />

diaTeza aris qarTuli zmnis ZiriTadi gramatikuli kategoria, romelic<br />

xasiaTdeba morfologiuri struqturisa da sintaqsuri konstruqciis<br />

erTianobiT.<br />

sqemidan Cans, rom „diaTeza~ warmoadgens morfo-sintaqsur donesa<br />

da semantikur dones Soris Sesabamisobis suraTs. gvari _ diaTezis qvesaxea,<br />

romelsac semantikuri datvirTva aqvs da gramatikulad ar aris<br />

markirebuli: avtoaqtivsa da aqtivs axasiaTebs rogorc R-0, ise R-i<br />

struqtura da rogorc ergatiuli, ise nominatiuri konstruqcia: pasivisaTvis<br />

aqedan saziaroa R-i struqtura da nominatiuri konstruqcia.<br />

gamoiyofa diaTezis sami tipi, romelTagan TiToeuls aerTianebs<br />

morfologiuri struqturisa da sintaqsuri konstruqciis erTgvaroba.<br />

rogorc sqemidan Cans, qarTuli zmnis uRlebis tipebad dayofisas<br />

Cven veyrdnobiT gramatikul (morfosintaqsur) kriteriumebs, kerZod:<br />

morfologiur struqturas (agebulebas) da sintaqsur konstruqcias<br />

(vrclad am sakiTxis Sesaxeb ix. meliqiSvili 2001, 2008).<br />

sabolood SeiZleba davaskvnaT:<br />

diaTeza aris gramatikulad markirebuli, struqturiTa da<br />

konstruqciis erTianobiT gansazRvruli kategoria, romlis semantikuri<br />

niSniT gansazRvruli qvesaxe aris gvari. gvari ver CaiTvleba qarTuli<br />

zmnis gramatikulad markirebul kategoriad, radganac diaTezis farglebSi<br />

Semavali sami semantikurad markirebuli gvaris _ avtoaqtivis<br />

(refleqsivis), (pirdapirobieqtiani da iribobieqtiani) aqtivisa da pasivis<br />

gramatikuli maxasiaTeblebi saziaroa: kerZod, ergatiuli konstruqciis<br />

avtoaqtivis (refleqsivis) da aqtivis struqtura (R-0) erTnairia.<br />

nominatiuri konstruqciis pasivis, iribobieqtiani aqtivis da avtoaqtivis<br />

(R-i) struqturac erTnairia. konversiiT miRebuli organuli forma<br />

yovelTvis (da xSirad) ar iZleva pasiur Sinaarss. amitom polisemiis<br />

dasaZlevad sakuTriv pasivis funqciis gamosaxatavad qarTulSi TandaTan<br />

Camoyalibda avtoaqtivisa da aqtivisagan gansxvavebuli sakuTari forma:<br />

aRweriTi konstruqcia (namyo dr. mimR. +iqmna meSv. zmna), romelic istoriulad<br />

meoreulia da tipologiurad ar jdeba qarTveluri zmnis<br />

amosavali sistemis _ diaTezis farglebSi.<br />

diaTeza saerTo qarTveluri zmnis morfologiuri struqturisa da<br />

sintaqsuri konstruqciisaTvis amosavali sqemaa, romelmac qarTveluri<br />

enebis ganviTarebis gzaze garkveuli cvlilebebi ganicada (rac vrceli<br />

Temaa da calke ganxilvas moiTxovs).<br />

94

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