enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ... enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
usrulaspeqtiani myofadis gamoxatva daekisraT. sxvaTa Soris, i- prefiqsis dakargvis tendencia dResac Zlieria im paradigmaSi, sadac es prefiqsi awmyoSi jer kidev cocxlobs (paradigma #3: i-mReris > mReris, inatris _ natrulobs, i-kvexis _ kvexulobs, i-naRvlis _ naRvlobs, i- Cqaris – Cqarobs, i-xaris – xarobs), igi am struqturis zmnebSic iseve, rogorc R-i struqturis zmnebSi refleqsivis niSania. yovelive zemoTqmuls mxars uWers arn. Ciqobavas Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, rom aoristis martivi formebi amosavalia awmyo-myofadis rTuli fuZisaTvis. ase rom i- prefiqsiani formebi am tipis zmnebisaTvis wyvetilis jgufSi aqtivis sasubieqto versiisagan nasesxebi nakluli formebis Semavsebeli ki ar aris, aramed refleqsivis sakuTari formebia. da, Tuki es asea, da i- prefiqsiani formebi ar aris nasesxebi aqtivis `saTaviso qcevis~ formebisagan, safuZveli ecleba `medioaqtivis~, rogorc aseTis, gamoyofas. maS, romel gramatikul kategorias miekuTvneba zmnebis es didi jgufi? II qvejgufi `mediopasivebia~. es mcire raodenobis jgufi defeqturi zmnebisagan Sedgeba, romlebsac a. SaniZe sxvadasxva kriteriumebiT aerTianebs. igi maT kidev or patara, mikrojgufad yofs, romelTagan pirvelSi aTavsebs mdgomareobis semantikis zmnebs, romelTac aqvT awmyos formebi, magram akliaT uwyveteli da I kavSirebiTi, II mikrojgufSi ki Tavs uyris erT garkveul jgufs, grZnoba-aRqmis gamomxatvel, e.w. „afeqtur~ zmnebs, romelTac aSkarad gansxvavebuli konstruqcia aqvT (maTi logikuri subieqti micemiTSia) amave mikrojgufSi gaerTianebuli sxvadasxva semantikis defeqturi (iregularuli) zmnebisagan, romelnic faqtiurad uRlebis sistemis gareT arian darCenilni da am mxriv gamonaklisebs warmoadgenen. am zmnebis gamaerTianebel niSnad miRebulia is, rom maT aqvT awmyos formebi da akliaT II seriis formebi. amasTan, myofadis naklul mwkrivebs ivseben „eniani vnebiTis~ formebiT, xolo wyvetilisas „donianiT~. magram, garda imisa, rom aq darRveulia klasifikaciis principi, zemoT vaCveneT, e- prefiqsi da d- sufiqsi ar aris pasivis gamomxatveli da, maSasadame, Sesabamisad, „mediopasivis` gamoyofac safuZvels moklebulia. uRlebis romel tips da romel gramatikul kategorias unda mivakuTvnoT es ori „mikrojgufi~, sad aris maTi adgili? da saerTod, aris ki gvari gramatikuli kategoria, romelic SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos qarTuli zmnis uRlebis tipebad dayofas? sanam zemoT dasmul kiTxvebs vupasuxebdeT, oriode sityviT SevexoT gvaris gramatikuli kategoriis Teoriis problemebs: gvaris kategoria zogadTeoriuli gramatikis urTules aRsawer da Sesaswavl obieqts warmoadgens. rogorc universaluri kategoria, igi 90
ZiriTadad semantikuri niSniT ganisazRvreba, rasac konversiis movlena udevs safuZvlad. zogadenaTmecnierul Tu kerZo enaTa gramatikul literaturaSi gvaris cnebis erTiani gageba ar aris gamomuSavebuli. didi sirTuleebi axlavs gvaris gansazRvrasa da aqtiv-pasivis, medium-refleqsivis, rogorc gvaris saopozicio calebis gamoyofis formaluri Tu semantikuri kriteriumebis dadgenas 6 . konkretul enebSi gvaris gansazRvrisas TiTqos daZebnilia gramatikuli (morfo-sintaqsuri) kriteriumebi (fuZis gansxvavebuli modelebi, gansxvavebuli piris niSnebi, pirdapiri damatebis qona-arqona). magram irkveva, rom enaTa erT wyebaSi (romelsac qarTuli enac miekuTneba), zmnuri fuZis esa Tu is modeli sruliadac ar aris dakavSirebuli erT romelime gvarTan da saziaroa meoresTan; enaTa meore wyebaSi (romelsac berZnuli da rusuli enebi miekuTvneba) piris niSnebi saziaroa sxvadasxva gvarisaTvis; aseT SemTxevaSi es saziaro modelebi Tu formantebi ramdenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos romelime erTi gvaris maxasiaTeblad? gvaris gansazRvrebis arc erTi kriteriumi (arc semantikuri da arc gramatikuli) ar iZleva safuZvels saSuali gvaris gamoyofisa. amis gamo svamen gvaris statusis sakiTxs semantikurad gansxvavebuli, magram erTnairi formis mqone zmnaTa mimarT. mag., rusuli enis gramatikis akademiur gamocemaSi SemoaqvT ZiriTadad semantikurad da ara gramatikulad (morfologiuri niSniT) gansxvavebuli sxvadasxva saxeobis „gvari~ (залог), reciproki, refleqsivi (встречается/встречаются, ругается /ругаются, вертится, крутится). am problemebis gadaWris mizniT gasuli saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi leningradis enaTmecnierul skolaSi daiwyes diaTezisa da gvaris universalur-tipologiuri koncefciis damuSaveba, rasac araerTi koleqtiuri Tu individualuri Sroma da krebuli mieZRvna. muSaobaSi moskovisa da ssrk-s sxva qalaqebis, sazRvargareTis lingvistebic Caebnen, magram problema mougvarebeli darCa, rasac TviT am koncefciis monawilenic aRiarebdnen. vfiqrobT, rom am gaurkvevlobis da bundovanebis mizezi klasifikaciis principebis darRveva da kriteriumebis aRrevaa: aRniSnuli koncefciis mixedviT gvari gansazRvrulia (gagebulia), rogorc „zmnaSi gramatikulad markirebuli diaTeza~. xolo diaTezis gageba ki efuZneba semantikuri (subieqt-obieqtis) planisa da sintaqsuri (qvemdebare-damatebis) planis urTierTSesabamisobas. mag. a. xolodoviCis gansazRvrebiT, diaTeza _ es aris sintaqsur donesa da semantikur dones Soris Sesa- 6 gvaris kategoriis aseTi bundovani interpretacia unda momdinareobdes dionise Trakielis „gramatikis xelovnebidan“, sadac darRveulia cnebis dayofis wesi da morfologiur-semantikuri kriteriumiT sami diaTezisia gamoyofili: aqtivis, pasivis da mediumisa. aseTi dayofa damkvidrda evropuli enebis aRweriTs gramatikebSi. 91
- Page 40 and 41: Semdgom i > Á gadasvliT. vinaidan,
- Page 42 and 43: when a compound preverb is added, t
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- Page 50 and 51: 17) endersis gadayeneba sabolood ga
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- Page 56 and 57: ucxouridanaa Semosuli qarTulSi, maT
- Page 58 and 59: 7) kvireebi (j. beTaneli, gancdili
- Page 60 and 61: Vakhtang Imnaishvili Some Questions
- Page 62 and 63: arTi orkoli Rvini qofCuni, arTi pap
- Page 64 and 65: Guram Kartozia The Formation of the
- Page 66 and 67: • arakanonikuri TanxmovanTkompleq
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- Page 70 and 71: literatura gigiberia 1958: e. gigib
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- Page 76 and 77: pirobiT-SedegobiTi I áÄÌóÒÉ _
- Page 78 and 79: damana meliqiSvili enaTmecnierebis
- Page 80 and 81: Cveni kvleva emyareba qarTuli enis
- Page 82 and 83: #2. seriebis istoriuli urTierTmimar
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- Page 96 and 97: Damana Melikishvili On the Grammati
- Page 98 and 99: mentebi arc erTi interpretaciis sas
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- Page 102 and 103: leqsikaSi /J/ gvxvdeba yvela dialeq
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- Page 106 and 107: place in Georgian - *J > z and *sib
- Page 108 and 109: lic axasiaTebs mimReobebs da sawyis
- Page 110 and 111: Ciqobava 1938: a. Ciqobava, Wanur-m
- Page 112 and 113: qciis TvalsazrisiT da vlindebian id
- Page 114 and 115: mimarTulebiT-micemiTis -a 5 SeiZleb
- Page 116 and 117: warmoudgenelia -ad > -d procesi. 10
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- Page 120 and 121: magram maTi SerwymiT miiReba Tvisob
- Page 122 and 123: Sdr., aseve: a. lomTaZe Tvlis (1987
- Page 124 and 125: 468). ufro adre gamoiTqva mosazreba
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ZiriTadad semantikuri niSniT ganisazRvreba, rasac konversiis movlena<br />
udevs safuZvlad. zogadenaTmecnierul Tu kerZo enaTa gramatikul literaturaSi<br />
gvaris cnebis erTiani gageba ar aris gamomuSavebuli. didi<br />
sirTuleebi axlavs gvaris gansazRvrasa da aqtiv-pasivis, medium-refleqsivis,<br />
rogorc gvaris saopozicio calebis gamoyofis formaluri Tu semantikuri<br />
kriteriumebis dadgenas 6 .<br />
konkretul enebSi gvaris gansazRvrisas TiTqos daZebnilia gramatikuli<br />
(morfo-sintaqsuri) kriteriumebi (fuZis gansxvavebuli modelebi,<br />
gansxvavebuli piris niSnebi, pirdapiri damatebis qona-arqona). magram<br />
irkveva, rom enaTa erT wyebaSi (romelsac qarTuli enac miekuTneba),<br />
zmnuri fuZis esa Tu is modeli sruliadac ar aris dakavSirebuli erT<br />
romelime gvarTan da saziaroa meoresTan; enaTa meore wyebaSi (romelsac<br />
berZnuli da rusuli enebi miekuTvneba) piris niSnebi saziaroa sxvadasxva<br />
gvarisaTvis; aseT SemTxevaSi es saziaro modelebi Tu formantebi<br />
ramdenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos romelime erTi gvaris maxasiaTeblad? gvaris<br />
gansazRvrebis arc erTi kriteriumi (arc semantikuri da arc gramatikuli)<br />
ar iZleva safuZvels saSuali gvaris gamoyofisa. amis gamo<br />
svamen gvaris statusis sakiTxs semantikurad gansxvavebuli, magram erTnairi<br />
formis mqone zmnaTa mimarT. mag., rusuli enis gramatikis akademiur<br />
gamocemaSi SemoaqvT ZiriTadad semantikurad da ara gramatikulad<br />
(morfologiuri niSniT) gansxvavebuli sxvadasxva saxeobis „gvari~<br />
(залог), reciproki, refleqsivi (встречается/встречаются, ругается /ругаются,<br />
вертится, крутится).<br />
am problemebis gadaWris mizniT gasuli saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi<br />
leningradis enaTmecnierul skolaSi daiwyes diaTezisa da gvaris universalur-tipologiuri<br />
koncefciis damuSaveba, rasac araerTi koleqtiuri<br />
Tu individualuri Sroma da krebuli mieZRvna. muSaobaSi moskovisa<br />
da ssrk-s sxva qalaqebis, sazRvargareTis lingvistebic Caebnen, magram<br />
problema mougvarebeli darCa, rasac TviT am koncefciis monawilenic<br />
aRiarebdnen. vfiqrobT, rom am gaurkvevlobis da bundovanebis mizezi<br />
klasifikaciis principebis darRveva da kriteriumebis aRrevaa: aRniSnuli<br />
koncefciis mixedviT gvari gansazRvrulia (gagebulia), rogorc „zmnaSi<br />
gramatikulad markirebuli diaTeza~. xolo diaTezis gageba ki efuZneba<br />
semantikuri (subieqt-obieqtis) planisa da sintaqsuri (qvemdebare-damatebis)<br />
planis urTierTSesabamisobas. mag. a. xolodoviCis gansazRvrebiT,<br />
diaTeza _ es aris sintaqsur donesa da semantikur dones Soris Sesa-<br />
6<br />
gvaris kategoriis aseTi bundovani interpretacia unda momdinareobdes dionise<br />
Trakielis „gramatikis xelovnebidan“, sadac darRveulia cnebis dayofis wesi<br />
da morfologiur-semantikuri kriteriumiT sami diaTezisia gamoyofili: aqtivis,<br />
pasivis da mediumisa. aseTi dayofa damkvidrda evropuli enebis aRweriTs<br />
gramatikebSi.<br />
91
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