enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ... enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
I vnebiTi gvari 1. Tu davtovebT sayovelTaod miRebul universalur semantikur definicias _ `aqtiuri gvarisaa zmna, Tu misi subieqti moqmedia da es moqmedeba gadadis pirdapir obieqtze~, xolo `pasiuria, Tu misi subieqti ganicdis moqmedebas~, aseT SemTxvevaSi aris Tu ara qarTul enaSi moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa konversiuli eb-i struqturis formebi (daimala man is/imalavs is mas _ daimala is/imaleba is) pasiuri Sinaarsisa, an yovelTvis aseTi Sinaarsisa? anu: SeiZleba Tu ara es maxasiaTebeli miviRoT pasivis da mxolod pasivis niSnad, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, konversia am formiT yovelTvis iZleva Tu ara pasivis Sinaarss da SeiZleba Tu ara am struqturis zmnaTa uRlebas daerqvas pasiuri, vnebiTi gvaris uRlebis tipi? ufro rom davazustoT, aris Tu ara pasivis formalur maxasiaTeblad miCneuli eb-i struqturis formebi erTmaneTTan tradiciuli gagebiT `gvaris~ TvalsazrisiT dapirispirebuli? Tu es struqtura saziaroa moqmedebiTisTvisac, vnebiTisTvisac da kidev refleqsivisTvisac, xolo sakuTriv (da mxolod da mxolod) vnebiTis forma, riTic is moqmedebiTTan opozicias qmnis, aRweriTi warmoebaa (CanTa daimala mis mier ki ara, aramed _ `CanTa damalul iqna mis mier~)? aq ki saqme gvaqvs ara gvaris kategoriasTan (misi tradiciuli gagebiT), aramed raRac sxva, ufro farTo gramatikul kategoriasTan, romlis semantikuri saxesxvaobebia gvari da versia? aseT SemTxvevaSi -i/-e prefiqsebs SeiZleba Tu ara, mieces vnebiTi gvaris morfologiuri niSnis kvalifikacia? xom ar aris -i prefiqsi refleqsivis (subieqtisken mimarTuli TviTmoqmedebis) gamomxatveli, xolo -e prefiqsi _ pirTa sakorelacio niSani (iseve, rogorc -u da -a)? 2. „Tbeba~ tipis zmnebi _ e.w. „uniSno vnebiTebi~ da -d sufiqsiani zmnebi („TeTrdeba~, „qvavdeba~) vnebiTis Sinaarsisaa, Tu refleqsivebia? (maTi Sesatyvisi zmnebi svanursa da megrulSi -i prefiqsianebia). ra funqcias gamoxatavs -d sufiqsi? vnebiTis Sinaarsis matarebelia, Tu igi saxelisagan zmnis mawarmoebeli, moqmedebis intensivobis gamomxatveli sufiqsia? II saSuali gvari 1. e.w. `medioaqtivis~ myofad-wyvetilis -i prefiqsiani formebi, aqtivis `saTaviso qcevis~ formebisaganaa nasesxebi, Tu es refleqsivis -i prefiqsia, romelic Zvel qarTulSi da Tanamedrove qarTulis zog paradigmaSi iseve, rogorc megrulsa da svanurSi awmyos formebSicaa sistemurad dadasturebuli? (Tu asea, es sakuTari formebia da ara nasesxebi. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki safuZveli ecleba „medioaqtivis~ gamoyofas). 2. `mediopasivis~ _ grZnoba-aRqmis („miyvars~ tipis) gamomxatveli zmnebi ZiriTadad sulieri mdgomareobis (statikuri) defeqturi zmnebia. 84
SeiZleba Tu ara maT gagrZelebad CaiTvalos „Semiyvarda~ dinamikuri forma, romelic sinamdvileSi „miyvardeba~ zmnis paradigmas ekuTvnis? Tu asea, maSin safuZveli ecleba `mediopasivis~ gamoyofas). 3. mediopasivis II qvejgufSi a. SaniZes formaluri kriteriumis nacvlad semantikuri kriteriumi Semoaqvs da amis mixedviT anawilebs yvela sxva zmnas, romelic verc erT „kalaTaSi~ ver moTavsda, Ziri- Tadad anomaliuria da sinamdvileSi sistemis gareTaa darCenili. ganvixiloT dasmuli kiTxvebi: I vnebiTi gvari ramdenad sworia R-i struqtura miviRoT pasivis maxasiaTeblad, xolo i-/e- prefiqsebi da -d sufiqsi vnebiTis morfologiur niSnebad (markerad)? ra aris sakuTriv vnebiTis forma, romliTac igi moqmedebiTs upirispirdeba da masTan opozicias qmnis? sazogadod, gvaris kvalifikacia eZleva iseT zmnur formebs, romlebic erTmaneTs enacvlebian semantikisa da sintaqsis erTeulebs Soris Sesatyvisobis Sebrunebis SemTxvevaSi: kerZod, subieqt-obieqtisa da qvemdebare-damatebis urTierTSenacvlebis (konversiis) SemTxvevaSi: aqtivad kvalificirebulia zmnis forma, romlis subieqtic moqmedia, agensia (realurad qvemdebaris Sesatyvisia) pasivad ki saxeldebulia forma, romlis subieqti moqmedebis ganmcdelia, paciensia (realurad damatebis Sesatyvisia). amrigad, „gvaris~ formebi erTmaneTis mimarT konversiul damokidebulebaSi arian, anu erTis subieqti Seesatyviseba meoris pirdapir obieqts (mxatvari xatavs suraTs > suraTi ixateba mxatvris mier). magram qarTulSi es wesi yovelTvis (da, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi) ar muSaobs, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca subieqti sulieria: 1. aqtivis R-0 struqturis opoziciuri i/e-R-th.suf.-i (imalebi), R-eb-i (TeTrdebi), R-i (Tbebi) formebidan mxolod I tipi (`i/emalebi~) aris miRebuli konversiis gziT. amasTan, Tu konversiuli formis subieqti sulieria, da miT ufro _ adamiani (persona), igi yvela SemTxvevaSi aqtiuri subieqtis mqonea: mag. dedam bavSvi da(i)mala > bavSvi daimala (TviTon). deda bavSvs (i)malavs > bavSvi imaleba; dedam bavSvi daumala mezobels > bavSvi (TviTon) daemala (e-maleba) mezobels. konversiuli formis subieqti aqtiuria, TviTon moqmedebs, i- prefiqsiani zmna ukuqceviTi Sinaarsisaa, misi orpiriani e- prefiqsiani forma ki moqmedi, aqtiuri subieqtis Semcvelia: R-i struqturis e- prefiqsiani relatiuri zmnebis umravlesoba, mag. `metyveleba~ wris yvela zmna (elaparakeba, eubneba, esaubreba, eCurCuleba, ebutbuteba, exmaureba, eduduneba, ebuzRuneba, ewuwuneba, elaqlaqeba, ekamaTeba da sxv.) aseve, evaWreba, eCxubeba, ejajgureba, ebRlarZuneba, edaveba, emuqreba, emtereba, exuteba, ealerseba, 85
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- Page 60 and 61: Vakhtang Imnaishvili Some Questions
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- Page 64 and 65: Guram Kartozia The Formation of the
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- Page 70 and 71: literatura gigiberia 1958: e. gigib
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- Page 96 and 97: Damana Melikishvili On the Grammati
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- Page 122 and 123: Sdr., aseve: a. lomTaZe Tvlis (1987
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- Page 132 and 133: moqmedebis ganmcdelia ara is TviTon
SeiZleba Tu ara maT gagrZelebad CaiTvalos „Semiyvarda~ dinamikuri<br />
forma, romelic sinamdvileSi „miyvardeba~ zmnis paradigmas ekuTvnis? Tu<br />
asea, maSin safuZveli ecleba `mediopasivis~ gamoyofas).<br />
3. mediopasivis II qvejgufSi a. SaniZes formaluri kriteriumis<br />
nacvlad semantikuri kriteriumi Semoaqvs da amis mixedviT anawilebs<br />
yvela sxva zmnas, romelic verc erT „kalaTaSi~ ver moTavsda, Ziri-<br />
Tadad anomaliuria da sinamdvileSi sistemis gareTaa darCenili.<br />
ganvixiloT dasmuli kiTxvebi:<br />
I vnebiTi gvari<br />
ramdenad sworia R-i struqtura miviRoT pasivis maxasiaTeblad,<br />
xolo i-/e- prefiqsebi da -d sufiqsi vnebiTis morfologiur niSnebad<br />
(markerad)? ra aris sakuTriv vnebiTis forma, romliTac igi moqmedebiTs<br />
upirispirdeba da masTan opozicias qmnis?<br />
sazogadod, gvaris kvalifikacia eZleva iseT zmnur formebs, romlebic<br />
erTmaneTs enacvlebian semantikisa da sintaqsis erTeulebs Soris<br />
Sesatyvisobis Sebrunebis SemTxvevaSi: kerZod, subieqt-obieqtisa da<br />
qvemdebare-damatebis urTierTSenacvlebis (konversiis) SemTxvevaSi: aqtivad<br />
kvalificirebulia zmnis forma, romlis subieqtic moqmedia, agensia<br />
(realurad qvemdebaris Sesatyvisia) pasivad ki saxeldebulia forma,<br />
romlis subieqti moqmedebis ganmcdelia, paciensia (realurad damatebis<br />
Sesatyvisia). amrigad, „gvaris~ formebi erTmaneTis mimarT konversiul<br />
damokidebulebaSi arian, anu erTis subieqti Seesatyviseba meoris pirdapir<br />
obieqts (mxatvari xatavs suraTs > suraTi ixateba mxatvris<br />
mier). magram qarTulSi es wesi yovelTvis (da, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />
umetes SemTxvevaSi) ar muSaobs, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca subieqti<br />
sulieria:<br />
1. aqtivis R-0 struqturis opoziciuri i/e-R-th.suf.-i (imalebi),<br />
R-eb-i (TeTrdebi), R-i (Tbebi) formebidan mxolod I tipi (`i/emalebi~)<br />
aris miRebuli konversiis gziT. amasTan, Tu konversiuli formis subieqti<br />
sulieria, da miT ufro _ adamiani (persona), igi yvela SemTxvevaSi<br />
aqtiuri subieqtis mqonea: mag. dedam bavSvi da(i)mala > bavSvi daimala<br />
(TviTon). deda bavSvs (i)malavs > bavSvi imaleba; dedam bavSvi daumala<br />
mezobels > bavSvi (TviTon) daemala (e-maleba) mezobels. konversiuli<br />
formis subieqti aqtiuria, TviTon moqmedebs, i- prefiqsiani zmna ukuqceviTi<br />
Sinaarsisaa, misi orpiriani e- prefiqsiani forma ki moqmedi, aqtiuri<br />
subieqtis Semcvelia: R-i struqturis e- prefiqsiani relatiuri<br />
zmnebis umravlesoba, mag. `metyveleba~ wris yvela zmna (elaparakeba,<br />
eubneba, esaubreba, eCurCuleba, ebutbuteba, exmaureba, eduduneba, ebuzRuneba,<br />
ewuwuneba, elaqlaqeba, ekamaTeba da sxv.) aseve, evaWreba, eCxubeba,<br />
ejajgureba, ebRlarZuneba, edaveba, emuqreba, emtereba, exuteba, ealerseba,<br />
85
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