enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ... enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
saTargmni sityvis semantikas. 3 amgvar cvlilebas zog SemTxvevaSi ebraulidan berZnulSi Sesuli gamoTqmebis qarTulisaTvis ufro bunebrivi frazebiT Secvla mohyveba: 13 to.n karpo,n nayofi Geo G ] 4 xili Geo´: xe, romelman gamosces xili; 84 evqemeli,wsaj daafuZne Geo G ] dahbade (= e;plasaj) 5 Geo´: cani, qmnulni xelTa SenTani, mTovare da maskulavebi, romel Sen dahbade; 63 i;asai ganmkurne Geo G ] milxine Geo´: miwyale me, ufalo ..., milxine me; 923 sullamba,nontai Sepyrobil iqmnen Geo G ] daiyenen (daeyenen E) Geo: daiyenen igini zraxvaTa maTTagan (ix. amave muxlSi 916 sunelh,mfqh] Seipyar(n) ferÃi maTi Geo); 924 evneulogei/tai ikurTxevin Geo G ] iqadin (= kauca/tai) Geo´: 6 gulis- Tqumasa Tavisa TÂsisasa uRmrToÁ iqadin; 935 evgkatale,leiptai daSTomil ars Geo G ] daicev (= fu,lasse) Geo´: Sen daicev glaxaki da oblisa Sen iyav mwe; 105 avdiki,an] codvaÁ (=a`marti,an) Geo´, sicruve (= yeu/doj) Geo G : vis uyuars codvaÁ, mas hsZuls Tavi TÂsi. septuagintas im neologizmis Targmnac, romlebic berZnulSi ver damkvidrda, konteqstidan amosvliT xdeba, mag. 186 pastou/] ezoÁT Geo. pasto,j am SemTxvevaSi saqorwino sarecels an axaldaqorwinebulTa oTaxs unda niSnavdes (Lust... 1992). Targmanis ekvivalenti gacilebiT ufro farTo semantikisaa, vidre saTargmni sityva, misi dakonkreteba konteqstSi xdeba (viTarca siZe raÁ gamovaln ezoÁT TÂsiT). mTargmnelis tendencia, rom leqsikuri ekvivalentebi konteqstidan amosvliT SearCios, da, Sesabamisad, es ekvivalentebi konteqstis Sesabamisad cvalos, ar gamoricxavs sapirispiro tendenciasac, rac garkveuli leqsikuri Sesatyvisobebis gamoyenebis simyareSi gamoixateba. gansakuTrebiT exeba es im terminebis Sesatyvisebs, romelic fsalmunebSi intensiurad gamoiyeneba: 7 3 magaliTebi pirveli oci fsalmunidan aris moyvanili. Geo G -Ti aRvniSnavT m. SaniZis mier giorgi mTawmideliseulad miCneul recenzias. 4 magaliTebi cxadyofen, rom giorgi mTawmidelis recenziis erT-erTi mimarTuleba amgvari gamoTqmebis dedanTan daaxloebaa. 5 frCxilebSi Casmulia fsalmunis qarTuli TargmanisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli qar- Tuli sityvis Cveuli da zusti berZnuli Sesatyvisobebi. zmna qemeliou/n) Targman- Si sxvadasxvagvarad gadmoitaneba: dafuZneba (232 479 865); ganmtkiceba (118152); damtkiceba (776,9 1035,8 11890); damyareba (8811 10126), arsebiT saxels (ta. qeme,lia, 178,16 815 861) ki misi ZiriTadi mniSvnelobis mqone myari ekvivalenti Seesabameba: safuZvelni. 6 sxva SemTxvevebSi orive berZnuli sityvis ekvivalenti myaria. 7 qvemoT CamoTvlilia terminTa ekvivalentebi fsalmunTa mTeli teqstidan. 268
avgallia/sqai gaxareba 34, 8 mxiarul yofa 1, galoba 9 (6 euvfrai,nein, 3 konteqsti), 9 Sueba 6 (euvfrai,nein), avgalli,asij sixaruli 10, mxiaruleba 1 (euvfrai,nein), galoba 5 (1 euvfrosu,nh, 1 avlala,zein, 1 aivnei/n, 1 cai,rein, 1 konteqsti); euvfrai,nein xareba 50, Sueba 7 (avgallia/sqai); te,rpein gancxroma 2 (1 euvfrai,nein( avgallia/sqai), Sueba (avgallia/sqai%, mxiaruleba 1; cai,rein xareba, ca,rij dideba, madli. sixaruli, mxiaruleba, Sveba, gancxroma – sulieri sixarulis aRmniSvneli terminebia. amaTgan (ga)xareba am cnebas, rogorca Cans, yvelaze intensiurad gamoxatavs. am sityvis (xareba) Zirisgan nawarmoebi formebi ori berZnuli leqsemis (euvfrai,nein-s da avgallia/sqai) sakmaod myari ekvivalentebia. euvfrai,nein-s da avgallia/sqai berZnulSi, rogorca Cans, erTmaneTisagan intensivobis xarisxiT gairCevian [avgallia/sqai ufro Zlier sixaruls unda niSnavdes (Liddell, Skott 1869). rodesac es ori berZnuli sityva erTmaneTis mezoblobaSia, xan erTs ecvleba ekvivalenti da xan meores da, rogorc erTisTvis, ise meorisTvis Sueba ixmareba (erTaderTi gamonaklisiT avgallia/sqai-sTvis, rodesac konteqsts ufro galoba Seesabameba: amisTÂs ixarebdes guli Cemi da galobdes enaÁ Cemi). amdenad, sulieri mdgomareobis aRmniSvneli terminebi fsalmunTa qarTul TargmanSi sakmaod uxvadaa warmodgenili da mkafiodaa garCeuli. RvTisadmi mimarTvis formebi kidev ufro mravalferovani saSualebebiT gamoixateba fsalmunTa wignSi da qarTuli enisa da mTargmnelis SesaZleblobebzec kargad metyvelebs: a;|dein galoba 13, qeba 14, kurTxeva 2 (ya,llein%; aivnei/n qeba 44, galoba 2 (orive SemTxvevaSi ekvivalentis cvlileba imi- Taa gamowveuli, rom erTmaneTisgan ganirCes aivnei/te da evpaine,sate), aRiareba 1; ai;nesij yovelTvis qeba an qebuleba; avlala,zein yovelTvis RaRadeba, avlalagmo,j RaRadeba 11, galoba 1, kurTxeva 1, qeba 1 de,hsij locva 25, vedreba 4 (proseuch,%, Txova 1 (proseuch,%; evxomologein aRiareba evxomologi,a aRsareba; euvlogei/n( euvlogi,a yovelTvis kurTxeva; 8 ricxvi miuTiTebs ekvivalentis gamoyenebis raodenobas fsalmunSi. 9 frCxilebSi vuTiTeb ekvivalentis cvlilebis mizezs. es mizezi aris an is, rom berZnuli teqstis mocemul konteqstSi gvxvdeba CvenTvis saintereso leqsemis sinonimi (frCxilSi vuTiTeb am sinonims da misi gamoyenebis raodenobas) an is, rom ekvivalentis SerCeva konteqstiT aris ganpirobebuli. 269
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avgallia/sqai gaxareba 34, 8 mxiarul yofa 1, galoba 9 (6 euvfrai,nein, 3<br />
konteqsti), 9 Sueba 6 (euvfrai,nein), avgalli,asij sixaruli 10, mxiaruleba 1<br />
(euvfrai,nein), galoba 5 (1 euvfrosu,nh, 1 avlala,zein, 1 aivnei/n, 1 cai,rein, 1<br />
konteqsti);<br />
euvfrai,nein xareba 50, Sueba 7 (avgallia/sqai);<br />
te,rpein gancxroma 2 (1 euvfrai,nein( avgallia/sqai), Sueba (avgallia/sqai%,<br />
mxiaruleba 1;<br />
cai,rein xareba, ca,rij dideba, madli.<br />
sixaruli, mxiaruleba, Sveba, gancxroma – sulieri sixarulis aRmniSvneli<br />
terminebia. amaTgan (ga)xareba am cnebas, rogorca Cans, yvelaze<br />
intensiurad gamoxatavs. am sityvis (xareba) Zirisgan nawarmoebi formebi<br />
ori berZnuli leqsemis (euvfrai,nein-s da avgallia/sqai) sakmaod myari ekvivalentebia.<br />
euvfrai,nein-s da avgallia/sqai berZnulSi, rogorca Cans, erTmaneTisagan<br />
intensivobis xarisxiT gairCevian [avgallia/sqai ufro Zlier<br />
sixaruls unda niSnavdes (Liddell, Skott 1869). rodesac es ori berZnuli<br />
sityva erTmaneTis mezoblobaSia, xan erTs ecvleba ekvivalenti da xan<br />
meores da, rogorc erTisTvis, ise meorisTvis Sueba ixmareba (erTaderTi<br />
gamonaklisiT avgallia/sqai-sTvis, rodesac konteqsts ufro galoba<br />
Seesabameba: amisTÂs ixarebdes guli Cemi da galobdes enaÁ Cemi).<br />
amdenad, sulieri mdgomareobis aRmniSvneli terminebi fsalmunTa<br />
qarTul TargmanSi sakmaod uxvadaa warmodgenili da mkafiodaa garCeuli.<br />
RvTisadmi mimarTvis formebi kidev ufro mravalferovani saSualebebiT<br />
gamoixateba fsalmunTa wignSi da qarTuli enisa da mTargmnelis<br />
SesaZleblobebzec kargad metyvelebs:<br />
a;|dein galoba 13, qeba 14, kurTxeva 2 (ya,llein%;<br />
aivnei/n qeba 44, galoba 2 (orive SemTxvevaSi ekvivalentis cvlileba imi-<br />
Taa gamowveuli, rom erTmaneTisgan ganirCes aivnei/te da evpaine,sate), aRiareba<br />
1;<br />
ai;nesij yovelTvis qeba an qebuleba;<br />
avlala,zein yovelTvis RaRadeba, avlalagmo,j RaRadeba 11, galoba 1, kurTxeva<br />
1, qeba 1<br />
de,hsij locva 25, vedreba 4 (proseuch,%, Txova 1 (proseuch,%;<br />
evxomologein aRiareba evxomologi,a aRsareba;<br />
euvlogei/n( euvlogi,a yovelTvis kurTxeva;<br />
8 ricxvi miuTiTebs ekvivalentis gamoyenebis raodenobas fsalmunSi.<br />
9 frCxilebSi vuTiTeb ekvivalentis cvlilebis mizezs. es mizezi aris an is,<br />
rom berZnuli teqstis mocemul konteqstSi gvxvdeba CvenTvis saintereso leqsemis<br />
sinonimi (frCxilSi vuTiTeb am sinonims da misi gamoyenebis raodenobas)<br />
an is, rom ekvivalentis SerCeva konteqstiT aris ganpirobebuli.<br />
269
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