enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ... enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
faqtorebic, romlebic zemoqmedebas axdenen leqsikuri erTeulis zemoT naxseneb semantikur doneze (originalis, mTargmnelis, misi Tanadrouli Tu momdevno xanis, bilingvuri Tu mxolod mSobliur enaze molaparake mkiTxvelis doneze). rodesac qarTvel pirvelmTargmnelTa winaSe mdgar sirTuleebze vlaparakobdiT, da, aqedan gamomdinare maT Rvawlze qarTuli enis leqsikuri fondis semantikur Tu formalur gamdidrebaSi, vgulisxmobdiT, magaliTad Semdeg viTarebas: sxvadasxva enas sxvadasxva semantikuri jgufisaTvis sityvaTa sxvadasxva raodenoba aqvs. Sesabamisad, enas SeuZlia cneba an diferencirebulad gamoxatos, an zogadad. aqedan gamomdinare, originalisa da Targmanis Sesatyvisobis ama Tu im doneze misaRwevad mTargmneli sxvadasxva gadawyvetilebis winaSe dgas. garda amisa, leqsikur ekvivalentebs sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxva semantikuri veli aqvT, amdenad maTi ekvivalenturoba, faqtobrivad, konteqstzea damokidebuli (Dorival... 1988:245) . imis mixedviT, Tu sityvasityviTobis ra xarisxis miRweva unda mTargmnels, xdeba enaSi arsebuli viTarebis – sityvis semantikis – cvla. amdenad, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikuri fondis Seswavla wmida werilis Targmanis teqnikis SeswavlasTanaa dakavSirebuli. statiaSi Cvenc am kuTxiT warmovadgenT fsalmunTa wignis leqsikis suraTs. ucxo semantikis teqstis leqsika, sazogadod, sxvadasxvagvarad gadmodis TargmanSi (Tov 1999): 1. transliteraciiT: aseTia ebrauli da berZnuli sityvebi, romlebic an sakuTar saxelebs gadmoscemen, an teqnikur terminebs, an mTargmnelisaTvis gaugebar sityvebs, umetesad hapax legomenon-ebs. 2. nasesxebi sityvebiT: sityvebiT, romlebic mocemuli teqstis Targmnamdea nasesxebi da damkvidrebuli enaSi. es sityvebi SeiZleba momdinareobdes, an ar momdinareobdes im enidan, saidanac xdeba mocemuli teqstis Targmna. 3. homofonuri, msgavsi JReradobis sityvebiT, romlebsac zogjer erTi da igive mniSvneloba aqvs Targmanisa da saTargmn enaSi. 4. Targmanis enis leqsikiT, romelic sxvadasxva TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba Seesabamebodes dedans: semantikurad da formalurad (danelia 1998:58-75). pirveli, semantikuri Sesabamisoba iSviaTad aris sruli, umetes SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs saTargmni an Targmanis sityvis semantikis Seviwroebas an gafarToebas. aseT SemTxvevaSi konkretuli mniSvnelobis mini- Weba sityvisTvis mxolod konteqstiT xdeba. amgvari Sesatyvisobebi semantikuri neologizmebic SeiZleba iyos. semantikur neologizmebs xSirad adgili aqvs ucxo idiomebis sityvasityviT gadmotanisas, anda maSin, rodesac mTargmneli myarad icavs leqsikuri ekvivalenturobis princips da 266
erTxel moZebnil ekvivalents uCveulo Tu Seuferebel konteqstSic xmarobs. meore SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs saTargmni sityvis semantikuri kalki da mis yalibze Sedgenili Tu nawarmoebi sityvebi. am Sem- TxvevaSi sruli semantikuri Sesabamisobis arseboba ufro mosalodnelia, radganac saqme, rogorc wesi, gvaqvs 1. neologizmebTan saTargmn teqstSi, romelsac is mniSvneloba umkvidrdeba SemdgomSi, romelsac mas mTargmneli an mkiTxvel-interpretatori aZlevs da 2. TargmanSi arsebul formalur neologizmebTan, rodesac mTargmneli cdilobs enaSi arsebuli Ziris afiqsaciis gziT awarmoos axali sityva. amgvari neologizmebi xan Zalian gamWvirvalea da, amdenad, gasagebia konteqstis gareSec, xan ki imdenad ucvlis Zirs mniSvnelobas, rom axali sityvis Sinaarsi konkretul konteqstzea mibmuli. fsalmunTa qarTul TargmanebSi transliteraciiT mxolod sakuTari saxelebia gadmotanili: toponimebi (mag. sioni, babiloni). anTroponimebi (mag. daviTi, asafi) da Tavad fsalmuni da misgan nawarmoebi sityvebi. amiT sruliad cxadia mTargmnelis tendencia – qarTuli enis resursebiT SeZlos teqstis gadmotana. rac Seexeba homofonias, es movlena qarTul TargmanebSi gamovlenili da Seswavlili ar aris. erTi SexedviT, fsalmunTa Targmans igi ar axasiaTebs, Tumca, mag., avlalagmo,j – RaRadeba, cai,rein – xareba, avgalia,w – galoba Sesatyvisobebi albaT aseTad SeiZleba miviCnioT. aseve Sesaswavlia nasesxobebis da, gansakuTrebiT, somxuri nasesxobebis da maTi qronologizaciis sakiTxi fsalmunis qarTul TargmanebSi, radganac igi Targmanis warmomavlobis kvlevas- Tan aris xolme dakavSirebuli. magram, sanam fsalmunTa Targmanis leqsika ase diferencirebulad iqneba Seswavlili, me Sevecdebi mis zogad daxasiaTebas Targmanis teqnikidan amosvliT. radganac Targmanis teqnika – mTargmnelis damokidebuleba dednisadmi da Targmanis adekvaturobis miseuli gageba _ ganapirobebs leqsikuri ekvivalentebis sxvadasxva saSualebiT Ziebas. pirobiTad fsalmunTa Tavdapirveli Targmanis Cvenamde moRweul uZveles Sred im teqsts miviCnev, romelic saerTo aqvT giorgi mTawmidelamdeli teqstis erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul wyaroebs – sinur xelnawerebsa (Sin. 42, Sin. 22, Sin.29, Graz, Georg.2 ) da e.w. mcxeTur fsalmuns (A 38) da am teqsts pirobiTad Geo´-iT aRvniSnav. fsalmunTa Targmanis erT-erTi maxasiaTebeli isaa, rom masSi ekvivalentebis SerCeva xSir SemTxvevaSi konteqstidan amosvliT xdeba. amas- Tan, konteqsti, romelsac mTargmneli angariSs uwevs, an isaa, romelSic uSualod ixmareba saTargmni sityva, an – misi paraleluri periodi (ix. qvemoT, 935). konteqstze dayrdnobiT ekvivalentebis SerCevisas mTargmneli an srul leqsikur Senacvlebas axdens, an afarToebs (//aviwroebs) 267
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- Page 246 and 247: A140a (x‚ igi maT xetyoda) (r‚i
- Page 248 and 249: Mzekala Shanidze The Homily "On Jea
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- Page 256 and 257: � gaikrtnas, Cajdes vards Sua, ma
- Page 258 and 259: aseve ar aris motivirebuli -e da -a
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- Page 268 and 269: saTargmni sityvis semantikas. 3 amg
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- Page 272 and 273: zemoCamoTvlili semantikuri jgufis s
- Page 274 and 275: paralelur adgils (3421, 8011) eyrdn
- Page 276 and 277: Ana Kharanauli The Vocabulary of th
- Page 278 and 279: amave leqsikonSi literaturul wyaroe
- Page 280 and 281: xis erovnuli xasiaTis gamosavlenad.
- Page 282 and 283: gancalkevebul erTeulTa Tavgadasaval
- Page 284 and 285: (30): mas uSmago vin miendos, vin m
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- Page 288 and 289: "Freundschaft" ist eine der wichtig
- Page 290 and 291: vania da mravalferovani (Sinaarsis
- Page 292 and 293: jajRani _ es sityva ar aris etimolo
- Page 294 and 295: `metyvelebas~; 1220 wels odnav Secv
- Page 296 and 297: dialeqtSi RurRuli `gajavrebas, Cuma
- Page 298 and 299: maRal tonalobas gamoxatavs; sainter
- Page 300 and 301: amaz qurdaZe enaTmecnierebis sakiTx
- Page 302 and 303: saerTod kavkasielis da, bunebrivia,
- Page 304 and 305: arc am sityvebis ganmartebisas da a
- Page 306 and 307: ЧОНГУРИ - гей, приех
- Page 308 and 309: usudan asaTiani enaTmecnierebis sak
- Page 310 and 311: seriebs Soris arsebuli sxvaobebi. u
- Page 312 and 313: manis rigis piris niSnebi. axla, Tu
- Page 314 and 315: 5. mravalpirianobis ZiriTadi funqci
faqtorebic, romlebic zemoqmedebas axdenen leqsikuri erTeulis zemoT<br />
naxseneb semantikur doneze (originalis, mTargmnelis, misi Tanadrouli<br />
Tu momdevno xanis, bilingvuri Tu mxolod mSobliur enaze molaparake<br />
mkiTxvelis doneze).<br />
rodesac qarTvel pirvelmTargmnelTa winaSe mdgar sirTuleebze<br />
vlaparakobdiT, da, aqedan gamomdinare maT Rvawlze qarTuli enis leqsikuri<br />
fondis semantikur Tu formalur gamdidrebaSi, vgulisxmobdiT,<br />
magaliTad Semdeg viTarebas: sxvadasxva enas sxvadasxva semantikuri jgufisaTvis<br />
sityvaTa sxvadasxva raodenoba aqvs. Sesabamisad, enas SeuZlia<br />
cneba an diferencirebulad gamoxatos, an zogadad. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
originalisa da Targmanis Sesatyvisobis ama Tu im doneze misaRwevad<br />
mTargmneli sxvadasxva gadawyvetilebis winaSe dgas. garda amisa, leqsikur<br />
ekvivalentebs sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxva semantikuri veli aqvT,<br />
amdenad maTi ekvivalenturoba, faqtobrivad, konteqstzea damokidebuli<br />
(Dorival... 1988:245) . imis mixedviT, Tu sityvasityviTobis ra xarisxis<br />
miRweva unda mTargmnels, xdeba enaSi arsebuli viTarebis – sityvis semantikis<br />
– cvla. amdenad, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikuri fondis Seswavla<br />
wmida werilis Targmanis teqnikis SeswavlasTanaa dakavSirebuli.<br />
statiaSi Cvenc am kuTxiT warmovadgenT fsalmunTa wignis leqsikis<br />
suraTs.<br />
ucxo semantikis teqstis leqsika, sazogadod, sxvadasxvagvarad<br />
gadmodis TargmanSi (Tov 1999):<br />
1. transliteraciiT: aseTia ebrauli da berZnuli sityvebi, romlebic<br />
an sakuTar saxelebs gadmoscemen, an teqnikur terminebs, an mTargmnelisaTvis<br />
gaugebar sityvebs, umetesad hapax legomenon-ebs.<br />
2. nasesxebi sityvebiT: sityvebiT, romlebic mocemuli teqstis<br />
Targmnamdea nasesxebi da damkvidrebuli enaSi. es sityvebi SeiZleba<br />
momdinareobdes, an ar momdinareobdes im enidan, saidanac xdeba mocemuli<br />
teqstis Targmna.<br />
3. homofonuri, msgavsi JReradobis sityvebiT, romlebsac zogjer<br />
erTi da igive mniSvneloba aqvs Targmanisa da saTargmn enaSi.<br />
4. Targmanis enis leqsikiT, romelic sxvadasxva TvalsazrisiT<br />
SeiZleba Seesabamebodes dedans: semantikurad da formalurad (danelia<br />
1998:58-75).<br />
pirveli, semantikuri Sesabamisoba iSviaTad aris sruli, umetes<br />
SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs saTargmni an Targmanis sityvis semantikis Seviwroebas<br />
an gafarToebas. aseT SemTxvevaSi konkretuli mniSvnelobis mini-<br />
Weba sityvisTvis mxolod konteqstiT xdeba. amgvari Sesatyvisobebi semantikuri<br />
neologizmebic SeiZleba iyos. semantikur neologizmebs xSirad<br />
adgili aqvs ucxo idiomebis sityvasityviT gadmotanisas, anda maSin, rodesac<br />
mTargmneli myarad icavs leqsikuri ekvivalenturobis princips da<br />
266
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