enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ... enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
ana xaranauli enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi _ I-II, 2009 fsalmunTa qarTuli Targmanis leqsika 1 qarTuli enis istoriuli gramatika jer kidev dasaweria da Zveli qarTuli enis dokumentirebuli leqsikoni – Sesadgeni. erTsac da meoresac qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebis dawvrilebiTi analizi unda edos safuZvlad. zurab sarjvelaZis mravalmxrivi moRvaweobis erTi mimarTuleba swored es iyo: wyaroebis, rogorc Tavisi epoqis enobrivi nimuSebis avTenturi gamocema, maTi niuansuri da statistikuri Seswavla, cocxali enis istoriis Seqmna, leqsikis mis bunebriv diskursSi kvleva. z. sarjvelaZe Zvel qarTul samwerlobo enas, rogorc cocxal movlenas, ise uyurebda da axasiaTebda. es iyo misi, rogorc Zveli qarTuli enis mkvlevaris saetapo Rvawli. cocxali ena cocxal garemoSi arsebobs – z. sarjvelaZe wlebis manZilze nergavda am enas universitetSi, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiasa da seminariaSi. igi am qveynidan maSin wavida, rodesac mis saqmes misi mowafeebic unda gahyolodnen... qristianobis Semosvlam saqarTveloSi msoflmxedvelobriv cvlilebebTan erTad sruliad axali cnebebi, axali gamomxatvelobiTi sistema Semoitana enaSi da ubiZga mas neologizmebisken, derivaciuli sistemis ganviTarebisken, axali sintaqsuri konstruqciebis Seqmnisken. qristianoba saqarTveloSi Semovida berZnuli eniT, misi enobrivi TaviseburebebiT da simdidriT, magram im berZnuliT, romelic ukve Tavad iyo gajerebuli ebrauli saazrovno sistemiT da misi Sesabamisi gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebiT (danelia 1998). dRes Znelia imis warmodgena, Tu ramdeni da ramdennairi amocanis winaSe idgnen wmida werilis qarTveli pirvelmTargmnelebi, rogor xdeboda qarTuli enis emansipacia da adaptireba axal saazrovno sistemasTan (Dobordžginidze 2003). qarTuli samwerlobo enisa da misi istoriis kvleva swored im enobrivi viTarebis aRdgenas ukav- Sirdeba, romelic am pirvelmTargmnelebs daxvdaT. amisaTvis ki, pirvel rigSi, is wignebi unda iqnes Seswavlili, romlebic, savaraudod, qristianobis SemosvlisTanave iTargmna qarTulad. erT-erTi pirveli amaTgan fsalmuni unda yofiliyo. axali religiuri azrovneba, pirvel rigSi, leqsikur fonds unda dastyoboda. amdenad, wmida werilis Targmanebis kvleva enis leqsikogra- 1 statia nawilobriv eyrdnoba adre gamoqveynebul masalas (Ckaranauli 2000). 264
fiuli kuTxiT SeswavlisaTvis gansakuTrebiT aris saWiro da gasaTvaliswinebeli. saWiroa, pirvel rigSi, enis istoriis Sesaswavlad: im qar- Tulis `aRsadgenad~, romelic jer ar iyo Sexvedrili ama Tu im saTargmni TxzulebiT Semosul cnebiT sistemasTan da, meore mxriv, im qar- Tulis Sesaswavlad, romelic am sistemas ukve gaecno da mis asaTviseblad sxvadasxva enobrivi saSualeba gamoimuSava. ase rom, Targmanebis leqsikografiuli kuTxiT Seswavla mniSvnelovania Tavad wmida werilis enis Sesaswavladac da mis safuZvelze warmoqmnili literaturis enis sakvlevadac. 2 leqsikuri mniSvnelobebis dadgena Targmanis mixedviT, erTi mxriv, ufro obieqturia, vidre am mniSvnelobebis dadgena originaluri mwerlobis safuZvelze, rac, Cveulebriv, imazea damokidebuli, Tu rogor esmis leqsikografs konteqsti. TargmanSi mocemuli leqsikuri ekvivalentebis mniSvnelobaTa dadgena originalis daxmarebiT xdeba: Cven im mniSvnelobas vaniWebT TargmanSi gamoyenebul ekvivalents, rac aqvs mis Sesatyviss originalSi (cxadia, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es mniSvneloba didi da kargad Seswavlili masalis safuZvelzea dadgenili). es meTodi gansakuTrebiT sarwmunoa iseTi sityvasityviTi Targmanebis SemTxvevaSi, rogoric wmida werilia. ase rom, originalis leqsikoni erTgvari sakontrolo saSualebaa TargmanSi gamoyenebuli leqsikis mniSvnelobebis dasadgenad. magram, meore mxriv, isic angariSgasawevia, rom TargmanSi gamoyenebul, enaSi arsebul sityvas SesaZloa Targmnis momentSi arc hqonoda zustad is mniSvneloba, romelic mis originals aqvs da es mni- Svneloba man mxolod mere, swored Targmanis zegavleniT miiRo. Sesabamisad, sityvaSi unda gavarCioT mniSvneloba, romelic hqonda sityvas Targmanis enaSi da – mniSvneloba, romelic mas mianiWa mTargmnelma saTargmni teqstis zegavleniT. magram arc amosaval sityvasTan mimarTebiT SegviZlia calmxrivi saubari: sxvaa mniSvneloba, romelic aqvs sityvas teqstis avtorisTvis (Tu mTargmnelisTvis – wm. werilis berZnuli Targmanis SemTxvevaSi) da sxva – mniSvneloba, romelic man mogvianebiT, teqstis interpretaciis Tu egzegezis safuZvelze SeiZina(Tov 1999:85- 87). amdenad, ama Tu im teqstis leqsikografis saqmea gaiTvaliswinos sityvis mniSvnelobis ganviTarebis yvela es done. cnobilia, rom sityvis mniSvnelobis ganmsazRvreli (gansakuTrebiT wmida werilis SemTxvevaSi) ama Tu im molaparake enobrivi jgufis diskursia (Dorival... 1988:251). amdenad, da, gansakuTrebiT, wminda werilis leqsikis Seswavlisas, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos sociolingvisturi 2 Zveli aRTqmis leqsikis mravalmxrivi analizi mocemulia ezekielis wignis gamocemisTvis darTul T. cqitiSvilis gamokvlevaSi (cqitiSvili 1976:291 da Smd.). 265
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- Page 248 and 249: Mzekala Shanidze The Homily "On Jea
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- Page 312 and 313: manis rigis piris niSnebi. axla, Tu
fiuli kuTxiT SeswavlisaTvis gansakuTrebiT aris saWiro da gasaTvaliswinebeli.<br />
saWiroa, pirvel rigSi, enis istoriis Sesaswavlad: im qar-<br />
Tulis `aRsadgenad~, romelic jer ar iyo Sexvedrili ama Tu im saTargmni<br />
TxzulebiT Semosul cnebiT sistemasTan da, meore mxriv, im qar-<br />
Tulis Sesaswavlad, romelic am sistemas ukve gaecno da mis asaTviseblad<br />
sxvadasxva enobrivi saSualeba gamoimuSava. ase rom, Targmanebis<br />
leqsikografiuli kuTxiT Seswavla mniSvnelovania Tavad wmida werilis<br />
enis Sesaswavladac da mis safuZvelze warmoqmnili literaturis enis<br />
sakvlevadac. 2<br />
leqsikuri mniSvnelobebis dadgena Targmanis mixedviT, erTi mxriv,<br />
ufro obieqturia, vidre am mniSvnelobebis dadgena originaluri mwerlobis<br />
safuZvelze, rac, Cveulebriv, imazea damokidebuli, Tu rogor esmis<br />
leqsikografs konteqsti. TargmanSi mocemuli leqsikuri ekvivalentebis<br />
mniSvnelobaTa dadgena originalis daxmarebiT xdeba: Cven im mniSvnelobas<br />
vaniWebT TargmanSi gamoyenebul ekvivalents, rac aqvs mis Sesatyviss<br />
originalSi (cxadia, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es mniSvneloba<br />
didi da kargad Seswavlili masalis safuZvelzea dadgenili). es meTodi<br />
gansakuTrebiT sarwmunoa iseTi sityvasityviTi Targmanebis SemTxvevaSi,<br />
rogoric wmida werilia. ase rom, originalis leqsikoni erTgvari sakontrolo<br />
saSualebaa TargmanSi gamoyenebuli leqsikis mniSvnelobebis dasadgenad.<br />
magram, meore mxriv, isic angariSgasawevia, rom TargmanSi<br />
gamoyenebul, enaSi arsebul sityvas SesaZloa Targmnis momentSi arc<br />
hqonoda zustad is mniSvneloba, romelic mis originals aqvs da es mni-<br />
Svneloba man mxolod mere, swored Targmanis zegavleniT miiRo. Sesabamisad,<br />
sityvaSi unda gavarCioT mniSvneloba, romelic hqonda sityvas<br />
Targmanis enaSi da – mniSvneloba, romelic mas mianiWa mTargmnelma saTargmni<br />
teqstis zegavleniT. magram arc amosaval sityvasTan mimarTebiT<br />
SegviZlia calmxrivi saubari: sxvaa mniSvneloba, romelic aqvs sityvas<br />
teqstis avtorisTvis (Tu mTargmnelisTvis – wm. werilis berZnuli Targmanis<br />
SemTxvevaSi) da sxva – mniSvneloba, romelic man mogvianebiT,<br />
teqstis interpretaciis Tu egzegezis safuZvelze SeiZina(Tov 1999:85-<br />
87). amdenad, ama Tu im teqstis leqsikografis saqmea gaiTvaliswinos<br />
sityvis mniSvnelobis ganviTarebis yvela es done.<br />
cnobilia, rom sityvis mniSvnelobis ganmsazRvreli (gansakuTrebiT<br />
wmida werilis SemTxvevaSi) ama Tu im molaparake enobrivi jgufis diskursia<br />
(Dorival... 1988:251). amdenad, da, gansakuTrebiT, wminda werilis<br />
leqsikis Seswavlisas, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos sociolingvisturi<br />
2 Zveli aRTqmis leqsikis mravalmxrivi analizi mocemulia ezekielis wignis gamocemisTvis<br />
darTul T. cqitiSvilis gamokvlevaSi (cqitiSvili 1976:291 da<br />
Smd.).<br />
265
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