enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ... enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
en ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxelis funqciis SesrulebaSi (martirosovi 1964: 108-109): Cqim dus ma qobZirGnqG, si skani dusG mikule `Cems Tavs me mivxedav, Sen Sens Tavs mouare~; muS dusG koCi RolansGni, ina ters va aRolenia (yifSiZe 1914:046) `kaci Tavis Tavs rom uzams, imas mteri ver uzamso~. ukuqceviTobis gamosaxatavad megruli iSviaTad mimarTavs qarTulidan SeTvisebul TiTon//TviTon gansazRvrebiT nacvalsaxelsac: ma TiTon qobZirGnqG `me TviTon vnaxav~; si TiTon qoZirGnqG `Sen TviTon naxav~; mu TiTon qoZirGnsG `is TviTon naxavs~... TviTon nacvalsaxelis Sem- TxvevaSi termini ukuqceviTi ramdenadme pirobiTia: Sdr.: ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeli Tavi aRniSnavs, rom pirovneba moqmedebs sakuTar Tavze, moqmedeba mimarTulia Tavad moqmedisken, xolo TviTon miuTiTebs, rom `pirovneba moqmedebs an moqmedebas ganicdis uSualod, damoukideblad, sxvisi daxmarebisa Tu monawileobis gareSe~ (martirosovi 1964:77). Ti- Ton//TviTon nacvalsaxeli megrulSi, iseve rogorc qarTulSi, samive pirisTvis gamoxatavs ukuqceviTobis semantikas, magram iSviaTad gamoiyeneba, amasTanave, ZiriTadad pirveli da meore piris mimarT. mesame piris ukuqceviTobas, Cveulebriv, mu nacvalsaxeli aRniSnavs. termini ukuqcevi- Ti pirobiTia mu nacvalsaxelis SemTxvevaSic, gamoxatavs, rom piri moqmedebda sxvaze, axla ki Tavad ganicdis moqmedebas, an mas exeba am moqmedebis Sedegi. rogorc samecniero literaturaSi miuTiTeben, mesame piris nacvalsaxelTa refleqsuri funqciiT gamoyeneba damaxasiaTebelia svanurisa da lazurisTvisac: `qarTuli TviT, TviTon tipis nacvalsaxeli sxva qarTvelur enebSi ar moipoveba. gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelis refleqsuri funqciiT am enebSi gamoiyeneba mesame piris nacvalsaxeli~ (martirosovi 1964:221). svanurSi ukuqceviTobas gadmoscems ji (ja, je), romelic CvenebiT nacvalsaxel eja-s ukavSirdeba. igi samive pirs miemarTeba da mniSvnelobiT qarTul TviTon-s udris (martirosovi 1964: 221) 2 ; WanurSi refleqsuri funqcia dakisrebuli aqvs III piris nacvalsaxels muq (romelic am formiT saxelobiTSic ixmareba). igi Tavisi mniSvnelobiT qarTul TviTon-s utoldeba (Ciqobava 1936:74, 76). rac Seexeba megruls, ar.Mmartirosovis mosazrebiT, megrulSi mu piris nacvalsaxelis moTxrobiTi brunvis forma (muq) Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba refleqsuri daniSnulebiT: muq gegnodirTu taxtiSe `TviTon gadadga taxtidan~ (martirosovi 1964:222). 2 TviTon-is mniSvnelobiT svanurSi gamoiyeneba agreTve min. amave dros, zogjer Tavs iCens xolme qarTulidan Semosuli TviT da TviTon nacvalsaxelebi (martirosovi 1964:221). 130
vfiqrobT, dResdReobiT megrulSi mu nacvalsaxelis rogorc moTxrobiTi, ise sxva brunvis formebic mxolod da mxolod refleqsuri daniSnulebiT gamoiyeneba: sax. br.: muaCqimi amseri xom qidinjirudG, fTxilandiT. dudiSi oFvilars irfels fCuandiT. ina var, mu mikinwyGndG bargisGni, Tis xolo fCuandiT (n. xazalia) `mamaCemi amaRam xom dawveboda, vdarajobdiT. Tavis mosaklavs yvelafers vmalavdiT. is ki ara, TviTon rom gaixdida tansacmels, imasac ki vmalavdiT~; ukuli aTaure, Cqin mxareSe, gilvoreT Cqi SarasGni, iSo, munefi soure gilarenani, Ti mxareSe gegGnom- FunesGTenemq (m. anTia) `mere aqeT, Cvens mxares, rom vdgavarT Cven gzaze, iqiT, TviTon sadac dganan, im mxares gadagviyvanes amaT~... moTxr. br.: mis uCqGd,GTesG fara enuZuduni, mara ukuli muq gamxilG Teq (n. Sengelia) `vin icoda, amas fuli rom edo, magram mere Tvi- Ton gaamxila aman~; WiWe maSnaqG molarTG do Tenefi albaTG partizanebo mioCqGdesGTenensG [afxazens], Yaxado, aTaq woxle qawomrinuesG Cqi do munemq ukaxle qumkomdirTesG Cqi (m. anTia) `patara manqana wamovida da eseni albaT partizanebi egonaT amaT [afxazebs], hoda, aq win dagvayenes Cven da TviTon ukan mogvidgnen Cven~... mic. br.: meti oqro vaiRuniao, uwuu Turme, note musG inusorguduko lagvansGni, TeSi (d. Ciqovani) `meti oqro ara gaqvso, hkiTxa Turme, TiTqos TviTon bevri eyara qvevrSi~; qigGmorines afxazemqG Saras. gilvoreTG TaqG. molursG maSnani, munemsGxolo oSkurGna Te maSnaSa, mara munefiSi maSna re qoZirGnani, muTuni var (m. anTia) `dagvayenes afxazebma gzaze. vdgavarT gzaze. rom wamova manqana, TviTonac eSiniaT am manqanis, magram, rom naxaven, TavianTi manqanaa, araferi~... rogorc vxedavT, moyvanili magaliTebis mixedviT, mu semantikurad axlos dgas qarTulis TviTon gansazRvrebiT nacvalsaxelTan (Sdr.: rus. сам, ingl. self); mu aris ara ubralod III piris nacvalsaxeli, aramed III piris ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeli, ara `is~, aramed `TviTon, TviTon is~; magram es ZiriTadad exeba mu nacvalsaxelis saxelobiT, moTxrobiT da micemiT brunvebs (mu `TviTon is~, munef-i `TviTon isini~; mu-q `TviTon man~, munem-q `TviTon maT~; mu-s `TviTon mas~, munem-s `TviTon maT~), anu rodesac mu-s Tandebuli ar daerTvis da, amasTanave, aRniSnavs zmnasTan Sewyobil pirs, Cveulebriv, subieqts an irib obieqts. aseT SemTxvevebSi megrulis mu da Tina (eTina//ina, aTena//Tena//ena) nacvalsaxelebs Soris iseTive mimarTebaa, rogoric qarTulis TviTon da is (es//eg//igi) nacvalsaxelebs Soris: mu Wume mours `TviTon xval modis~; Sdr.: Tina Wume mours `is xval modis~. mu-s, iseve rogorc TviTon nacvalsaxels, meti gansazRvruloba aqvs. is xazs usvams, rom moqmedebis ganmcdeli Tavad moqmedia, xolo Tina migviTiTebs, rom moqmedebs an 131
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- Page 128 and 129: Tariel Putkaradze On the Historical
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vfiqrobT, dResdReobiT megrulSi mu nacvalsaxelis rogorc moTxrobiTi,<br />
ise sxva brunvis formebic mxolod da mxolod refleqsuri daniSnulebiT<br />
gamoiyeneba:<br />
sax. br.: muaCqimi amseri xom qidinjirudG, fTxilandiT. dudiSi<br />
oFvilars irfels fCuandiT. ina var, mu mikinwyGndG bargisGni, Tis xolo<br />
fCuandiT (n. xazalia) `mamaCemi amaRam xom dawveboda, vdarajobdiT.<br />
Tavis mosaklavs yvelafers vmalavdiT. is ki ara, TviTon rom gaixdida<br />
tansacmels, imasac ki vmalavdiT~; ukuli aTaure, Cqin mxareSe, gilvoreT<br />
Cqi SarasGni, iSo, munefi soure gilarenani, Ti mxareSe gegGnom-<br />
FunesGTenemq (m. anTia) `mere aqeT, Cvens mxares, rom vdgavarT Cven gzaze,<br />
iqiT, TviTon sadac dganan, im mxares gadagviyvanes amaT~...<br />
moTxr. br.: mis uCqGd,GTesG fara enuZuduni, mara ukuli muq gamxilG<br />
Teq (n. Sengelia) `vin icoda, amas fuli rom edo, magram mere Tvi-<br />
Ton gaamxila aman~; WiWe maSnaqG molarTG do Tenefi albaTG partizanebo<br />
mioCqGdesGTenensG [afxazens], Yaxado, aTaq woxle qawomrinuesG Cqi<br />
do munemq ukaxle qumkomdirTesG Cqi (m. anTia) `patara manqana wamovida<br />
da eseni albaT partizanebi egonaT amaT [afxazebs], hoda, aq win dagvayenes<br />
Cven da TviTon ukan mogvidgnen Cven~...<br />
mic. br.: meti oqro vaiRuniao, uwuu Turme, note musG inusorguduko<br />
lagvansGni, TeSi (d. Ciqovani) `meti oqro ara gaqvso, hkiTxa Turme,<br />
TiTqos TviTon bevri eyara qvevrSi~; qigGmorines afxazemqG Saras.<br />
gilvoreTG TaqG. molursG maSnani, munemsGxolo oSkurGna Te maSnaSa, mara<br />
munefiSi maSna re qoZirGnani, muTuni var (m. anTia) `dagvayenes afxazebma<br />
gzaze. vdgavarT gzaze. rom wamova manqana, TviTonac eSiniaT am manqanis,<br />
magram, rom naxaven, TavianTi manqanaa, araferi~...<br />
rogorc vxedavT, moyvanili magaliTebis mixedviT, mu semantikurad<br />
axlos dgas qarTulis TviTon gansazRvrebiT nacvalsaxelTan (Sdr.: rus.<br />
сам, ingl. self); mu aris ara ubralod III piris nacvalsaxeli, aramed<br />
III piris ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeli, ara `is~, aramed `TviTon, TviTon<br />
is~; magram es ZiriTadad exeba mu nacvalsaxelis saxelobiT, moTxrobiT<br />
da micemiT brunvebs (mu `TviTon is~, munef-i `TviTon isini~; mu-q<br />
`TviTon man~, munem-q `TviTon maT~; mu-s `TviTon mas~, munem-s `TviTon<br />
maT~), anu rodesac mu-s Tandebuli ar daerTvis da, amasTanave, aRniSnavs<br />
zmnasTan Sewyobil pirs, Cveulebriv, subieqts an irib obieqts. aseT<br />
SemTxvevebSi megrulis mu da Tina (eTina//ina, aTena//Tena//ena) nacvalsaxelebs<br />
Soris iseTive mimarTebaa, rogoric qarTulis TviTon da is<br />
(es//eg//igi) nacvalsaxelebs Soris: mu Wume mours `TviTon xval modis~;<br />
Sdr.: Tina Wume mours `is xval modis~. mu-s, iseve rogorc TviTon<br />
nacvalsaxels, meti gansazRvruloba aqvs. is xazs usvams, rom moqmedebis<br />
ganmcdeli Tavad moqmedia, xolo Tina migviTiTebs, rom moqmedebs an<br />
131
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