enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ... enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...
mimarTulebiT-micemiTis -a 5 SeiZleba iyos SemorCenili Cqar-a, nel-a... 6 tipis zmnisarTebsa da qarTuli enis ingilour Tu samxreTdasavlur (aWarulSi, maWaxlurSi, imerxeulSi...) kiloebis sxva zmnisar- TebSi: sazebnela~ (saZebnelad), erTa~ (/erTad)... salocvel-a-~ (=salocvelad), uCumal-a-~, (/uCumalad/Cumad)... aq ~ palatalizebuli damarTvis Sedegad unda iyos ganviTarebuli; am varauds mxars uWers iseTi zmnisarTebis arseboba, romlebic sxva kiloebSi micemiTis formiT gvxvdeba: Zvila~, gamTenia~ (`gamTenias~; paralelurad ixmareba `gamTenios~), gavla~ (gavlas), Camovla~ (Camovlas), am Camosla~, gulgara~ (gulgara~ laparikofs)... Sdr., agreTve, aWaruli sxva masala: Seusvenebla~/Suusvenebla~, guuCerebla~, duukiTxva~, ukiTxava~, udunaxvebla~, (/duunaxvebla~), duuZaxebla~... uCumala~, ucba~, (Sdr., ucfaT)... advila~, fexnaqceva~ (fexnaqceva~ davwveT da deveteviT), tyvila~, kisrakunWla~ (kisrakun- Wla~ wamovda TavdaRmarTSi), erTgayola~ (niSnavs `cota xans~), naxevarkvala~ (naxevarkvala~ gaakeTa saqme), CemTvina~/CemTaTvina~ (SenTvina~/ misTvina~...), martva~, yvelafra~ (yvelafra~ geyofa; `yvelafrisTvis~, `yvelafrad~), gangeba~... aseTi masala gvaqvs gurulSic: uCumala~ (/uCumale), ukiTxava~, tyule (tyula~), Zule, calxele, gulgara~, Zvila~, Zule (Sdr., ZvilaRa), gangeba~, martua~, dRis sinaTla~ (dRis sinaTla~ Casuliyo Sin), ZaliTa~ (/ZaliTe), gangeba~ (/gangebe)... (futkaraZe 1986). Sdr., viTarebiTis a-Ti ( coliana): a) samwignobro qarTulis zmnisarTebi, romlebic warmoadgenen -ian sufiqsiT nawarmoebi saxelis viTarebiT brunvas: coliana, saxliana... msgavsi magaliTebi ucxo araa sxva dialeqtebisTvisac. b) zmnisarTebi, romlebic warmoqmnili arian -ul/-ur sufiqsiT nawarmoebi zedsarTavebisagan: kacura, amxanagura, Zvelebura, maSindula, guSindula... g) zedsarTavisagan warmoqmnili zogi sxva zmnisarTi: karqa, cqvita; Sdr., karqaT, cqvitaT; Sdr., zmnisarTTa didi nawili ar dasturdeba 5 Sdr.: varaudoben, rom svanur kiloebSi micemiTis erT-erTi alomorfia -a; vfiqrob, ufro damajerebelia a. onianis msjeloba, romelsac miaCnia, rom svanurSi gamovlenili -a aris fuZiseuli e-s alofoni (oniani 1985:159-163). 6 sxva mosazrebiT: nelad > nela. 114
viTarebiTis T-s gareSe: TeTraT, wiTlaT, SavaT, yviTlaT... lamazaT, uSnoT, cudaT... samuSaoT, sasmelaT... Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom arqauli samwignobro ena efuZneba welTaRricxvaTa mijnaze arsebul saerTo-qarTvelur enas (msjelobisaTvis ix., futkaraZe 2005), ulogiko iqneba, zemoT ganxilul masalaSi warmodgenili qarTveluri -a morfema miviCnioT sxvadasxva droisa Tu warmomavlobis segmentad; vfiqrob, logikuri Cans, varaudi: -a+s 7 , -a+d, -i+s, -i+d (> iT) brunvis niSnebi warmoqmnilia saerTo-qarTvelur enaSi -a, -i 8 da -d, -s niSnebis kombinaciebiT; saerTo-qarTvelurSi Tanaarsebobda rogorc martivi morfemebi (-a, -d), ise rTuli morfemebi (-ad) da Sedgenili formantebi (-is-a, -is-d...). -d. saerTo-qarTveluris -d 9 viTarebiT-gardaqceviTobis, mimarTulebiTisa da daniSnulebiTobis funqciiT Semonaxulia svanur kiloebSi; kerZod, im SemTxvevaSi, roca -d daerTvis -iS- segments (befSv-iS-d), gamoxatavs mimarTulebas, daniSnulebas; xolo rodesac -d uSualod daerTvis fuZes, aRniSnavs rogorc viTarebasa da gardaqceviTobas, aseve, mimarTulebas, mizans, daniSnulebas; svanurSi martiv fuZeze darTuli - d-s mier daniSnulebis gamoxatva arqauli viTareba Cans (Sdr., CantlaZe 1998:93-94). -d arqaul samwignobro qarTulSi gamoxatavs mimarTulebas, mizans, adgils: Semovida qarTl-d; movides ierusalim-d... arqaul qarTulSi -d viTarebiTis funqciiT ar dasturdeba; saerTo-qarTvelurSi mas es funqciac unda hqonoda (rasac adasturebs svanuris monacemebi). mogvianebiT, samwignobro enaSi -d morfemas yvela funqciiT cvlis -ad/-d. samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom svanur kiloebSic ki -d miRebulia -ad-isgan (oniani 1989:211, 217-218). qarTvelur qvesistemebSi or Tanxmovans Soris moqceuli xmovnis reduqcia xdeba momdevno sufiqsiseuli xmovnis gavleniT; kerZod, bolo marcvalSi 7 -as Semonaxulia arqaul qarTulSic, svanur da sxva qarTvelur kiloebSic; Zir-as, adgil-as, pir-as... megr.; sqvam-as, Zvir-as, Sxir-as... svanuri; jvedi-as, Ban-as, zau-as... masalisaTvis ix.: Tofuria 1944:340-345; babunaSvili 1956:393- 402; i. CantlaZe 1998:23. 8 Cans, winareqarTvelurSi arsebobda e.w. kuTvnilebiTi -i brunva, romelsac, nawilakis cveTiT miRebuli saxelobiTis i-sgan gansxvavebiT, SeeZlo fuZiseuli xmovnis reduqcia (am ukanasknelis enklitikuri bunebis Sesaxeb: fogti 1968:17). 9 aseve, ar gamoiricxeba qarTveluri, urartuli da sxva iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis -d sufiqsis saerTo warmomavloba (msjelobisTvis ix.: Ciqobava 1956; jorbenaZe, 1988:15; es perspeqtiuli Tema damatebiT argumentebs saWiroebs). 115
- Page 64 and 65: Guram Kartozia The Formation of the
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viTarebiTis T-s gareSe: TeTraT, wiTlaT, SavaT, yviTlaT... lamazaT,<br />
uSnoT, cudaT... samuSaoT, sasmelaT...<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom arqauli samwignobro ena efuZneba<br />
welTaRricxvaTa mijnaze arsebul saerTo-qarTvelur enas (msjelobisaTvis<br />
ix., futkaraZe 2005), ulogiko iqneba, zemoT ganxilul masalaSi<br />
warmodgenili qarTveluri -a morfema miviCnioT sxvadasxva droisa Tu<br />
warmomavlobis segmentad; vfiqrob, logikuri Cans, varaudi:<br />
-a+s 7 , -a+d, -i+s, -i+d (> iT) brunvis niSnebi warmoqmnilia<br />
saerTo-qarTvelur enaSi -a, -i 8 da -d, -s niSnebis kombinaciebiT;<br />
saerTo-qarTvelurSi Tanaarsebobda rogorc martivi morfemebi (-a, -d),<br />
ise rTuli morfemebi (-ad) da Sedgenili formantebi (-is-a, -is-d...).<br />
-d.<br />
saerTo-qarTveluris -d 9 viTarebiT-gardaqceviTobis, mimarTulebiTisa<br />
da daniSnulebiTobis funqciiT Semonaxulia svanur kiloebSi;<br />
kerZod, im SemTxvevaSi, roca -d daerTvis -iS- segments (befSv-iS-d),<br />
gamoxatavs mimarTulebas, daniSnulebas; xolo rodesac -d uSualod<br />
daerTvis fuZes, aRniSnavs rogorc viTarebasa da gardaqceviTobas, aseve,<br />
mimarTulebas, mizans, daniSnulebas; svanurSi martiv fuZeze darTuli -<br />
d-s mier daniSnulebis gamoxatva arqauli viTareba Cans (Sdr., CantlaZe<br />
1998:93-94).<br />
-d arqaul samwignobro qarTulSi gamoxatavs mimarTulebas, mizans,<br />
adgils: Semovida qarTl-d; movides ierusalim-d... arqaul qarTulSi -d<br />
viTarebiTis funqciiT ar dasturdeba; saerTo-qarTvelurSi mas es funqciac<br />
unda hqonoda (rasac adasturebs svanuris monacemebi). mogvianebiT,<br />
samwignobro enaSi -d morfemas yvela funqciiT cvlis -ad/-d.<br />
samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom svanur<br />
kiloebSic ki -d miRebulia -ad-isgan (oniani 1989:211, 217-218). qarTvelur<br />
qvesistemebSi or Tanxmovans Soris moqceuli xmovnis reduqcia<br />
xdeba momdevno sufiqsiseuli xmovnis gavleniT; kerZod, bolo marcvalSi<br />
7 -as Semonaxulia arqaul qarTulSic, svanur da sxva qarTvelur kiloebSic;<br />
Zir-as, adgil-as, pir-as... megr.; sqvam-as, Zvir-as, Sxir-as... svanuri; jvedi-as,<br />
Ban-as, zau-as... masalisaTvis ix.: Tofuria 1944:340-345; babunaSvili 1956:393-<br />
402; i. CantlaZe 1998:23.<br />
8 Cans, winareqarTvelurSi arsebobda e.w. kuTvnilebiTi -i brunva, romelsac,<br />
nawilakis cveTiT miRebuli saxelobiTis i-sgan gansxvavebiT, SeeZlo fuZiseuli<br />
xmovnis reduqcia (am ukanasknelis enklitikuri bunebis Sesaxeb: fogti 1968:17).<br />
9 aseve, ar gamoiricxeba qarTveluri, urartuli da sxva iberiul-kavkasiuri<br />
enebis -d sufiqsis saerTo warmomavloba (msjelobisTvis ix.: Ciqobava 1956;<br />
jorbenaZe, 1988:15; es perspeqtiuli Tema damatebiT argumentebs saWiroebs).<br />
115
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