ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti 

g. jolia 

ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni 

Tbilisi 

2008 

registrirebulia stu-s 

saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo 

sabWos mier

uak 413 

saqarTveloSi ucxo sityvebis ganmartebiTi leqsikonebis 

mdidari tradicia arsebobs. am saqmeSi fasdaudebeli 

wvlili miuZRvis b-n m. WabaSvils, romlis fundamenturma 

naSromma mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula mravali 

Taobis ganaTlebis saqmeSi. garda amisa, ukanasknel 

wlebSi gamoica mravali dargobrivi (diplomatiuri, ekonomikuri, 

iuridiuli, sabaJo da sxv.) leqsikoni da 

enciklopedia. zogierTi avtori Tavis wignSive gvaZlevs 

im ucxo sityvebis mniSvnelobaTa ganmartebebs, romlebic 

maT naSromebSi gvxvdeba da sxv. 

miuxedavad amisa, am sferoSi ukmarisoba mainc Seim- 

Cneva, radgan Cvens swrafadcvalebad garemoSi ucxo 

sityvebis gavrcelebisa da axali terminebis damkvidrebis 

procesi Zalze swrafia da dinamiuri, rac modunebis 

saSualebas ar iZleva. 

arsebuli qarTuli da ucxouri leqsikonebis masalaTa 

SejerebiT, aseve saerTaSoriso da saqarTvelos uaxlesi 

kanondeblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mocemulia ucxouri 

warmoSobis 1200-mde sityvis qarTuli Sesatyvis-ganmartebebi. 

leqsikoni gaTvaliswinebulia mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis. 

Semdgeneli stu-s sruli profesori guram jolia 

redaqtorebi: 

stu-s sruli profesori evgen baraTaSvili 

stu-s sruli profesori igor kveselava 

stu-s asistent-profesori zviad rogava 

recenzenti sruli profesori guram nakaiZe 

© sagamomcemlo saxli ,,teqnikuri universiteti’’, 2008 

ISBN 978-9941-14-237-6 

http://www.gtu.ge/publishinghouse/ 

yvela ufleba daculia. am wignis arc erTi nawili (iqneba es teqsti, foto, 

ilustracia Tu sxva) aranairi formiT da saSualebiT (iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu 

meqanikuri), ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas gamomcemlis werilobiTi nebarTvis 

gareSe. 

saavtoro uflebebis darRveva isjeba kanoniT.

diplomatiuri, ekonomikuri, iuridiuli 

da politikuri ucxo sityvebis leqsikoni 

a 

abandoni [frang. abandon _ 

uari] _ 1. uflebis daTmoba an 

procesis gagrZelebaze uaris 

Tqma. qonebis damzRvevi piris 

uari dazRveuli qonebis 

uflebaze, aseve misi uflebis 

gadacema mzRvevelisaTTvis im 

mizniT, rom misgan srulad 

miiRos dazRveuli Tanxa. 

abolicia [laT. abolitio _ 

gauqmeba, mospoba] _ (samarT.). 

1. kanonis an gadawyvetilebis 

gauqmeba. 2. Tanamdebobidan 

gadadgoma an gadayeneba; Tanamdebobis 

gauqmeba. 3. sisxlis 

samarTlis saqmis Sewyveta 

iseT stadiaSi, roca braldeba 

iuridiulad daudgenelia. 

abrogacia [laT. abrogatio] _ 

(samarT.). moZvelebuli kanonis 

gauqmeba. 

absenteizmi [laT. absens 

(absentis) _ vinc ar eswreba] _ 

mosaxleobis gulgrili damokidebuleba 

politikuri cxovrebisadmi, 

misTvis Tavis arideba; 

gacdena. 

absolutizmi [laT. Absolutus 

_ ueWveli] _ politikuri 

Teoria; saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis 

forma erTi piris _ 

monarqis xelSi. 

absolucia [laT. absolutio] _ 

(samarT.). sasamarTlos dadge- 

3 

nileba, romliTac braldebuli 

sasjelisgan Tavisufldeba. 

agenti [laT. agens (agentis) _ 

moqmedi] _ Suamavali, rwmunebuli; 

piri, romelic warmoadgens 

kompanias an sxva pirs 

kontraqtebTan dakavSirebul 

saqmeebSi. 

agitacia [laT. agitatio _ 

moZraobaSi moyvana] _ (polit.). 

propaganistuli qmedeba xalx- 

Ta politikuri aqtivobis asamaRleblad. 

agremani [frang. agrement _ 

Tanxmoba] _ (dipl.). erTi 

saxelmwifos mTavrobis Tanxmoba, 

miiRos Tavis qveyanaSi 

meore saxelmwifos diplomatiuri 

warmomadgeneli. 

agresia [laT. aggresio _ 

Seteva] _ erTi saxelmwifos 

SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma sxva 

qveynis dasapyrobad. 

adaptacia [laT. adaptatio] _ 

Segueba, Sewyoba. 

adekvati, adekvaturi [laT. 

adaequatus] _ (risame) sruli 

Sesatyvisi, sruli Sesabamisi. 

adendumi [laT. addo _ vumateb] 

_ xelSekrulebis (ker- 

Zod, Carteris, fraxtis) damateba, 

Camateba, romelic cvlis 

an avsebs ama Tu im pirobas. 

advaluri baJi [laT. ad 

valerem] _ sabaJo gadasaxadis 

saxeoba, romelic icvleba

saqonlis sabaJo Rirebulebis 

Sesabamisad. 

advokati [laT. advocatus] _ 

iuristi, romelic gamodis 

braldebulis damcvelad an 

awarmoebs visime saqmes sasamarTloSi; 

veqili. 

administracia [laT. 

administratio _ marTva] _ mTavroba; 

warmoebis mmarTvelobis 

organo; xelmZRvaneloba; mar- 

Tvis aparati. 

adresanti [germ. adresant] _ 

tvirTis gamgzavni. 

adresati [germ. adressat] _ 

gagzavnili tvirTis mimRebi. 

avanzali [frang. avant _ wina 

da salle _ darbazi] _ (dipl.). 

did SenobebSi, sasaxleebSi: 

momcro darbazi, oTaxi mTavari 

darbazis win. 

avansi [frang. avance] _ 

(finans.). misaRebi Tanxis 

nawili, romelsac winaswar 

uxdian visme Sesasrulebeli 

samuSaos angariSSi. 

averaJi [ingl. averagang _ 

gasaSualeba] _ sabirJo Tama- 

Sis strategia, romelic iTvaliswinebs 

Tanamimdevruli 

drois garkveul SualedSi 

aqciebis yidva-gayidvas kursis 

cvlilebis Sesabamisad. 

aversi [frang. avers _ saxiT 

mobrunebuli] _ monetis, medlis 

wina mxare. (sapirisp. 

reversi). 

avTentikuri teqsti [berZ. 

authentikos _ TviTmyofi] _ 

(dipl.). xelSekrulebis namdvili, 

sarwmuno, dednis Sesaba- 

4 

misi teqsti, Sesrulebuli 

yvela formaluri mxaris 

dacviT da xelmowerili 

uflebamosili pirebis mier. 

avizo [ital. avviso _ Setyobineba] 

_ (finans.). uwyeba, 

romliTac atyobineben mimRebs 

misTvis fulis, Tamasuqis an 

saqonlis gagzavnas. 

avista [ital. avista _ wardgenisTanave] 

_ (ekon.). warmomadgenlis 

Tamasuqi, gacemuli 

gadasaxdelis vadis miuTiTeblad, 

nebismier dros gasanaRdebeli. 

avtarqia [berZ. autarkeia _ 

TviTdakmayofileba] _ (polit.). 

ekonomikuri gancalkevebulobis 

politika, romelsac 

atarebs qveyana, regioni; 

Caketili ekonomikuri politika. 

avtokratia [berZ. Autokrateia] 

_ (polit.). qveynis 

marTvis iseTi sistema, roca 

mTeli umaRlesi Zalaufleba 

erTi piris xelSia moqceuli. 

avtonomia [berZ. autonomia] _ 

(polit.). romelime qveynis, mxaris, 

olqis ufleba _ hqondes 

sakuTari TviTmmarTveloba. 

avtoritaruli [frang. 

autoritaire _ mbrZanebluri < 

laT.] _ (polit.). avtoritetisadmi, 

xelisuflebisadmi usityvo 

morCilebaze damyarebuli 

mmarTveloba. 

avuari [frang. avoir _ qoneba] 

_ (finans.). fizikuri piris 

(dawesebulebis) anabari ucxoeTis 

bankSi.

aklamacia [laT. acclamatio _ 

wamoZaxeba] _ (polit., dipl.). 

gadawyvetilebis miRebis meTodi. 

gvxvdeba saerTaSoriso 

organizaciebisa da konferenciebis 

muSaobis praqtikaSi; 

Tanxmobis an uaryofis 

dasturi. 

akrediteba, akreditebuli 

[laT. accredo _ vendobi] _ 1. 

(dipl.). ucxo saxelmwifoSi 

elCis daniSvnisa da misi 

uflebamosilebis cnoba. 2. 

(finans.). vinmesTvis rwmunebis 

micema fulis misaRebad an 

savaWro operaciis sawarmoeblad. 

a-konto [ital. a conto _ 

gadasaxdelis angariSi] _ 

importioris winaswari angariSgeba 

eqsportiorTan gayidul 

saqonelze angariSebis 

ganaRdebis gziT. 

akreditivi [laT. accredo _ 

vendobi] _ 1. (dipl.). rwmunebis 

sigeli; dokumenti, romelic 

adasturebs diplomatiuri 

warmomadgenlis rwmunebas. 2. 

(finans.). bankis fuladi valdebuleba, 

romelSic mocemulia 

davaleba fizikuri an 

iuridiuli pirisaTvis gansaz- 

Rvruli raodenobis fulis 

gadaxdis Sesaxeb dokumentSi 

miTiTebuli pirobebis Sesabamisad. 

aliansi [frang. alliance] _ 

(ekon., polit.). ramdenime 

organizaciis, sawarmos, piris 

kavSiri da, rogorc wesi, 

saerTaSoriso gaerTianeba 

xelSekrulebis safuZvelze. 

5 

alibi [ingl. alibi] _ 

(samarT.). argumenti, rom dana- 

SaulSi eWvmitanili sadRac 

sxvagan iyo danaSaulis 

Cadenis momentSi. 

alienacia [ingl. alienation] _ 

(ekon.). 1. qonebis gasxviseba. 2. 

(samarT.). aqciis, kapitalis an 

sxva faseulobis mflobe-lis 

Secvla. 

alonJi [frang. allonge _ 

zesadgmeli] _ (finans.). Tamasuqze 

mimagrebuli damatebiTi 

furceli, romelzedac keTdeba 

warwera. 

alternati [laT. alternus _ 

rigrigobiTi] _ (dipl.). saer- 

TaSoriso xelSekrulebis 

Sedgenisa da xelmoweris wesi, 

romlis Tanaxmad TiToeuli 

mxaris dedanSi pirvel adgilzea 

am mxaris enaze Sedgenili 

xelSekrulebis teqsti, mxaris 

dasaxeleba, misi warmomadgenelis 

xelmowera da beWedi. 

alternativa [laT. alternus _ 

rigrigobiTi] _ 1. saerTa- 

Soriso samarTalSi: xelSemkvrel 

mxareTa dasaxelebis, 

xelmowerisa da beWdis dasmis 

Tanamimdevroba xelSekrulebaSi. 

2. ekonomikuri qcevis 

erT-erTi varianti. 3. mmar- 

TvelobiTi gadawyvetileba, 

romelic ewinaaRmdegeba sxva 

variants. 4. ori SesaZleblobidan 

erTi. 

altruizmi [frang. altruisme] 

_ (zneobr.). kacTmoyvareoba, 

sxvaze uangaro zrunva.

ambasadori [ingl. Ambassador] 

_ (dipl.). elCi. 

amnistia [berZ. amnēstia _ 

daviwyeba, patieba] _ (samarT.). 

msjavrdadebulis Sewyaleba: 

sasjelis moxsna an Semsubuqeba. 

amortizacia [laT. Amortisatio 

_ gadaxda] _ (ekon.). eqspluataciis 

gamo aqtivebis 

(ZiriTadad, teqnikis) Rirebulebis 

Semcireba. 

analizi [berZ. analysis _ 

daSla] _ movlenebisa da 

procesebis mecnieruli 

kvlevis erT-erTi meTodi. 

analogi [berZ. analogos _ 

Sesatyvisi] _ (ekon., samarT.). 

rac warmoadgens ramesTan 

Sesabamisobas, srul msgavsebas 

da iZleva analogiis 

safuZvels. 

anaqronizmi [frang. Anachronisme] 

_ 1. qronologiuri 

Seusabamoba; 2. Zveli gadmonaSTi, 

romelic ar Seesabameba 

Tanamedrove moTxovnebs, Sexedulebebsa 

da Cveulebebs. 

anarqia [berZ. anarchia _ 

umTavroboba, areuloba] _ 

(polit., samarT.). qaosi, sruli 

uwesrigoba. 

anarqizmi _ (polit.). 

saxelmwifoebrivi xelisuflebis 

uaryofa; rwmena imisa, rom 

ar unda arsebobdes mTavroba 

da saxelmwifos mier adamianebis 

kontroli. 

angaJementi [frang. Engagement 

_ valdebuleba, daqira- 

6 

veba] _ (ekon., samarT.). valdebulebis 

dakisreba. 

angaria [berZ. angareia] _ 

(ekon., samarT.). ucxoelTa moZravi 

qonebis (kerZod, gemis) 

CamorTmeva. 

anderlaingi [ingl. Underlaying] 

_ (finans). fasiani 

qaRaldi, romelic safuZvlad 

udevs ofcions. masze arsebobs 

yidva-gayidvis ufleba 

ofcionuri kontraqtis pirobebis 

Sesabamisad. 

anderraiteri [ingl. Underwriter 

_ xelis momweri] _ 

(finans.). fasiani qaRaldebis 

operaciebis makleri. 

aneqsia [laT. annexio _ 

SeerTeba] _ (polit.). erTi 

saxelmwifos mier meoris (an 

misi nawilis) ZalmomreobiT 

mierTeba, dapyroba. 

anklavi [frang. enclave _ 

miwa-daqsaqsuloba] _ saxelmwifos 

saxmeleTo teritoriis 

gancalkevebuli nawili, romelsac 

gars akravs sxva 

saxelmwifos (saxelmwifoTa) 

teritoria da sazRvao napiri 

ara aqvs. 

anomalia [berZ. anomalia _ 

uswormasworoba] _ (samarT.). 

kanonzomierebis darRveva; 

saerTo wesisagan gadaxveva. 

antagonizmi [berZ. Antagōnisma 

_ brZola] _ (polit.). 

mxareTa Seurigebeli dapirispireba. 

antisemitizmi [frang. 

Antisemitisme] _ (polit.). xelov-

nurad Seqmnili ideologia 

ebraelTa siZulvilis Sesaxeb. 

antimilitarizmi [berZ. anti 

_ winaaRmdeg da laT. Militaris 

_ samxedro] _ (polit.). socialurad 

gansxvavebul ZalTa 

moZraoba, gaerTianebuli erovnuli, 

regionuli da globaluri 

niSniT, saxelmwifoTa- 

Soriso konfliqtebSi winaaRmdegobaTa 

gadasaWrelad. 

antitrastuli [ingl. antitrust] 

_ (samarT.). antimonopoliuri; 

iuridiuli aqtebi (qmedebebi), 

rac winaaRmdegobas 

uwevs monopoliebs da aregulirebs 

konkurencias. 

anulireba [ingl. annulling] _ 

(samarT.). gauqmeba an SeCereba 

imisa, rasac samarTlebrivi 

Zala aqvs; raimes Zaladakargulad 

cnoba. 

apagonia [berZ. apagōgē _ 

daskvna] _ (samarT.). sawinaaRmdego 

debulebis SeuZleblobaze 

damyarebuli mtkiceba. 

aparteidi [afrikaansis enaze 

apartheid _ calke cxovreba] 

_ (polit.). saxelmwifo politika, 

romelic rasobrivi niSniT 

sxvadasxva uflebriv 

mdgomareobaSi ayenebs mosaxleobis 

rig jgufebs. 

apatridi [berZ. a _ (uary. 

naw.) da patris _ samSoblo] _ 

(samarT.). ùsamSoblo~, qveSevrdomobis, 

moqalaqeobis statusis 

armqone piri. 

apelanti [ingl. appellant] _ 

(samarT.). momCivani; piri, romelsac 

saCivari Seaqvs umaR- 

7 

les sasamarTloSi, rom Seicvalos 

gadawyvetileba an gana- 

Ceni, romelic dabali instantciis 

sasamarTlom gamoitana. 

apelacia [laT. appellatio _ 

mimarTva] _ (samarT.). sasamarTlos 

ganaCenis gasaCivreba 

umaRles instanciaSi, romelsac 

ufleba aqvs arsebiTad 

gadasinjos saqme da gamoitanos 

Tavisi gadawyvetileba. 

aplikanti [ingl. aplicant] _ 

(ekon., samarT.). risame (samsaxuris, 

sasamarTlosadmi gadawyvetilebis 

gamotanis da sxv.) 

mTxovneli. 

apolitizmi [berZ. a uary. 

maCvenebeli da politika] _ negatiuri, 

indiferentuli, gulgrili 

damokidebuleba politikuri 

cxovrebisadmi (ix. agreTve 

absenteizmi). 

apolitikuri [berZ. Apolitikos 

_ vinc saxelmwifo saqmeeb- 

Si ar monawileobs] _ sazogadoebriv-politikursaqmianobaze 

Tavis arideba. 

apologia [berZ. apologia] _ 

visime an risame dacva, gamar- 

Tleba. 

aposteriori _ [laT. a 

posterior] _ cdis safuZvelze, 

faqtobriv monacemebze dafuZnebuli 

dokumenti. (sapirisp. 

apriori). 

apriori [laT. a prior] _ 

cdisgan damoukideblad, cdis 

gareSe, imTaviTve. (sapirisp. 

aposteriori). 

aprobacia [laT. approbatio _ 

mowoneba] _ Semowmebis Sede-

gad oficialurad gamoxatuli 

dasturi. 

apropriacia [laT. Appropriatio] 

_ (samarT.). umetesad uZravi 

qonebis miTviseba, daufleba. 

aJio [laT. aggio _ gadameteba] 

_ (finans.). safondo bir- 

Jebze fasiani qaRaldebis 

(aqciebi, Tamasuqebi, obligaciebi 

da sxv.) gayidvis fasis 

gadameteba Cveulebriv maT 

nominalur RirebulebasTan 

SedarebiT. (sapirisp. dizaJio). 

aJiotaJi [frang. agiotage _ 

aRgzneba] _ (ekon.). sabazro 

cieb-cxeleba, ganpirobebuli 

koniunqturis, miwodebisa da 

moTxovnis, saqonlis fasebisa 

da sxvaTa mkveTri cvlilebis 

gamo. 

arbitraJi [frang. arbitrage] _ 

(samarT., ekon.). 1. samediatoro 

sasamarTlo; saqmis garCeva 

samediatoro wesiT. 2. komerciuli 

saqmianoba, romelic 

xorcieldeba sxvadasxva bazrebze 

erTnairi sabirJo obieqtis 

(fasiani qaRaldebis, 

saqonlis da sxv.) fasebs Soris 

dadebiTi sxvaobis, mogebis 

misaRebad. 

arbitraJi saerTaSoriso _ 

saerTaSoriso xasiaTis davis 

mSvidobiani gadawyvetis erTerTi 

saSualeba, romelic 

iqmneba modave mxareTa mier da 

Sesasruleblad savaldebulo 

gadawyvetilebebs iRebs. 

arbitri [frang. arbitre] _ 

(ekon., samarT.). mediatori, msajuli, 

Suamavali. 

8 

argumenti [laT. argumentum _ 

mtkiceba] _ (ekon., samarT.). 

raime debulebis dasamtkiceblad 

moyvanili sabuTi. 

argumentacia [laT. Argumenttation] 

_ mtkiceba, dasabu- 

Teba. 

areali [laT. area _ moedani] 

_ teritoria, romlis sazRvrebSi 

SeiniSneba mxolod 

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlenebi 

da niSnebi. 

arenda [polon. arenda] _ 1. 

(samarT.). uZravi qonebis 

droebiT daqiraveba xelSekrulebis 

dadebiT; ijara. 

2. (finans.). gadasaxadi aseTi 

xelSekrulebis mixedviT. 

arendatori _ (samarT.). 

piri, romelsac ijariT aqvs 

rame aRebuli; moijare. 

aristokratia [berZ. Aristokratia] 

_ (polit.). gabatonebuli 

klasis privilegiuri 

fena. aristokratiuli _ aristokratiasTan 

dakavSirebuli; 

sazogadoebis umaRlesi klasis 

warmomadgenlebi, Tavadaznauruli 

titulis mqone pirebi 

(mag., lordi, hercogi da 

a.S.). 

arqaizmi [berZ. archaos _ Zveli] 

_ (polit.). moZvelebuli 

movlena, Zveli drois gadmonaSTi. 

arqia [berZ. archi _ xelisufleba, 

mmarTveloba] _ (polit.). 

politikurad organizebuli, 

xelisuflebis mier mar- 

Tvadi sazogadoeba, romelic 

qmnis saxelmwifos.

asamblea [frang. assemblée _ 

kreba] _ raime saerTaSoriso 

organizaciis wevrTa saerTo 

kreba. mag., gaeros generaluri 

asamblea. 

asignacia [frang. assignatio] _ 

(finans.). qaRaldis fuli. 

asimilacia [laT. assimilatio] 

_ (polit.). erTi xalxis erovnul 

TaviseburebaTa moSla da 

misi gaTqvefa sxva xalxSi. 

asortimenti [frang. Assortiment] 

_ (ekon.). sxvadasxva 

saxeobisa da xarisxis saqoneli. 

asociacia [laT. associo _ 

vuerTeb] _ (ekon.). erTi da 

igive interesebis mqone adamianebis 

an organizaciebis gaer- 

Tianeba, kavSiri. 

atriaqsi [ingl. Atriax] _ 

(finans.). eleqtronuli safondo 

birJa londonSi. 

ataSe [frang. attaché] _ 

(dipl.). 1. specialuri samu- 

Saos Semsrulebeli piri 

saelCoSi sazRvargareT. mag., 

samxedro ataSe. 2. yvelaze 

dabali diplomatiuri rangi. 

atornei [ingl. attorney] _ 

(samarT.). rwmunebul-warmomadgeneli. 

atributi [laT. attributum _ 

Tviseba, kuTvnileba] _ sagnis 

an movlenis ZiriTadi, arsebiTi 

Tviseba; risame damaxasiaTebeli 

niSani. 

audiencia [laT. audientia _ 

mosmena] _ (dipl.). warCinebuli 

piris (umetesad saxelmwifos 

meTauris) mier visime miReba 

9 

oficialurad, garkveuli wesebis 

dacviT. 

auditi [laT. audit] _ 

(finans.). sawarmos sameurneosafinanso 

saqmianobis analizi 

da kontroli, romelsac kvalificiuri 

specialistebi damoukideblad 

atareben. 

auTenturi _ iuridiuli 

interpretaciis mqone wesi 

imis Taobaze, rom rodesac 

sityva an fraza mosdevs or an 

met sxva sityvas an frazas, 

igi ganmartebulia ise, 

rogorc mis win myofi sityvebi 

da frazebi. mag., `saxlebi, 

binebi da sxva Senobebi~, `sxva 

Senobebi~ SeiZleba niSnavdes 

mxolod sxva sacxovrebel 

adgilebs, da ara, magaliTad, 

eklesias. 

autsorsingi _ organizaciaTa 

Sorisi SeTanxmeba calkeuli 

biznes-procesebis Sesrulebaze, 

romlis meSveobiT 

maRldeba efeqturoba da/an 

mcirdeba danaxarjebi. Tanamedrove 

biznesSi autsorsingiT 

SeiZleba gadaeces 

rogorc damxmare (mag., xelfasis 

gaangariSeba, informaciuli 

sistemebis gamarTva da 

sxv.), ise zogierTi ZiriTadi 

biznes-procesebi (mag., axali 

produqtebis damuSaveba). 

auqcioni [laT. auctio] _ 

(ekon.). qonebis sajaro (Ria) 

wesiT gayidva. saqoneli mieyideba 

mas, vinc yvelaze maRal 

fass SesTavazebs.

afera [frang. affaire _ saqme] 

_ (samarT.). saeWvo garigeba, 

TaRliToba. 

afideviti [ingl. affidavit] _ 

(samarT.). werilobiTi ganacxadi, 

romelic xelmowerilia 

da ficdadebulia veqilis TandaswrebiT 

da, romelic Semdeg 

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes 

rogorc mtkicebuleba sasamar- 

Tlo mosmenis dros. 

a-forfe [frang. a forfait _ 

miwodeba, momarageba] _ saer- 

TaSoriso vaWrobis dafinanseba 

gadasagzavni Tamasuqis ganaRdebis 

gziT regresis uflebis 

gareSe, e.i. Tamasuqis myidveli 

Tavis Tavze iRebs gadauxdelobis 

mTel risks da 

wina mflobelisaTvis pretenziis 

wayeneba ar SeuZlia. 

aqti [ingl. act] _ (samarT.). 

sakanonmdeblo organos mier 

damtkicebuli gadawyvetileba, 

romelic gaxda kanoni; dokumenti, 

oficialuri valdebuleba. 

aqtiuri [ingl. active] _ 

moqmedi, efeqturi. 

aqtuari [ingl. actuary] _ 

sadazRvevo kompaniis Tanam- 

Sromeli, romelic sadaz- 

Rvevo Senatans iTvlis. 

aqcepti [laT. acceptus _ 

miRebuli] _ (raime) SemoTavazebulis 

miReba; daTanxmeba, 

Tanxobis micema: 1. (finans.). 

gadamxdelis valdebuleba 

(Tanxmobis warweriT dadastureba) 

dadgenil vadaSi gaanaRdos 

gadasagzavni Tamasuqi 

10 

(trata), warmodgenili angari- 

Si an daakmayofilos sxva 

moTxovnebi; unaRdo angariSsworebis 

erT-erTi forma. 2. 

(ekon., samarT.). upirobo Tanxmoba 

SemoTavazebul winadadebaze 

(oferti), rom daidos 

xelSekruleba. 

aqceptanti, aqceptori 

[laT. acceptantis _ mimRebi] _ 

1. (finans.). piri, romelmac 

aiRo valdebuleba gaanaRdos 

Tamasuqi. 2. (ekon., samarT.). 

SemoTavazebuli winadadebis 

mimRebi piri. 

aqcesiuri xelSekruleba 

[laT. accessio _ SeerTeba, mier- 

Teba] _ (dipl.). xelSekruleba, 

romliTac saxelmwifo uerTdeba 

sxva saxelmwifoTa adre 

dadebul xelSekrulebas. 

aqcesoruli xelSekruleba 

[laT. accessorius _ momsvleli] 

_ (dipl.). damatebiTi xelSekruleba, 

romelic daerTvis 

mTavar xelSekrulebas. 

aqcia [frang. action] _ 1. 

(ekon.). saemisio fasiani qaRaldi, 

romelic adasturebs misi 

mflobelis (aqcioneris) uflebas 

monawileobdes saaqcio 

sazogadoebis menejmentSi da 

am sazogadoebis mogebidan 

miiRos Tavisi wili (dividendi). 

2. (polit.). raime 

politikur-ekonomikuri miznis 

misaRwevad wamowyebuli moqmedeba, 

RonisZieba. 

aqcizi [frang. accise] _ 

(finans.). arapirdapiri saerTosaxelmwifoebrivi 

gadasaxadi, 

romelic Sedis saqonlis fas-

Si. mas ixdis momxmarebeli am 

gadasaxadiT gazrdil fasTan 

erTad. igi gamyidvelis SemosavalTan 

araa dakavSirebuli 

da saxelmwifo biujetSi Sedis. 

aqciziT ibegreba alkoholuri 

sasmelebi, Tambaqos 

nawarmi, navTobproduqtebi, 

msubuqi avtomanqanebi. 

b 

baza [frang. base < berZ.] _ 

risame safuZveli. mag. ekonomikuri 

baza, samarTlebrivi baza da a.S. 

bazisi [berZ. basis _ safuZveli] 

_ 1. (ekon.). wanamati an 

fasdakleba saqonlis sabirJo 

kotirebaze (fasdadgenaze). 2. 

(ekon., samarT.). yvelaze mniSvnelovani. 

balansi [frang. balance _ 

saswori] _ (ekon.). Semosavalgasavlis 

SefardebiTi jami; 

ori nawilis raodenobrivi 

Tanasworoba. 

banki [ital. banco] _ finansuri 

dawesebuleba, romelic 

awarmoebs fulisa da fasiani 

qaRaldebis operaciebs, finansur 

momsaxurebas uwevs mTavrobas, 

sawarmoebs, moqalaqeebsa 

da erTmaneTs. 

banketi [frang. banquet] _ 

(dipl.). sazeimo wveuleba, romelic 

imarTeba visime pativsacemad 

an raime movlenis 

aRsaniSnavad, 

banknoti [ingl. banknote] _ 

(finans.). qaRaldis fuli, 

11 

romelsac mimoqcevaSi uSvebs 

centraluri banki; sakredito 

baraTi. 

banko [ital. banco] _ 

(finans.). fasi an kursi, romlis 

mixedviTac banki awarmoebs 

fasiani qaRaldebis 

yidva-gayidvas. 

bankroti [ital. bankrotto] _ 

(samarT.). gakotrebuli, valauvali, 

gadaxdis unarmoklebuli 

movale. 

barbekiu [ingl. barbecue] _ 

(dipl.). sazeimo miReba (gamaspinZleba) 

Ria cis qveS. 

barieri [ingl. barrier] _ 

dabrkoleba; winaaRmdegoba; 

raimes gakeTebis xelSeSla. 

baristeri [ingl. barrister] _ 

advokati (gansakuTrebiT inglisSi), 

romelsac SeuZlia 

eWvmitanilis dacva an sxva 

piris dadanaSauleba umaRles 

sasamarTloSi. 

barteri [ingl. barter _ 

gacvla] _ (ekon.). naturaluri 

saqonelgacvla, roca erTi 

dovlaTi meoreze fulis 

gadaxdis gareSe icvleba. 

beniluqsi [ingl. Benelux 

Economic Union] _ belgiis, 

niderlandisa da luqsemburgis 

ekonomikuri kavSiri. 

beneficiari [frang. benefice 

_ mogeba, sargeblianoba] _ 1. 

(finans.). piri, romelic iRebs 

fulad gadasaxdels; fulis 

mimRebi. 2. (samarT.). piri, romlis 

qonebas marTavs ndobiT 

aRWurvili piri.

idi [ingl. bid] _ (ekon.). 

myidvelebis winadadeba; SeTavazeba 

risame sayidlad garkveul 

fasad (gansakuTrebiT 

auqcionze). 

biznesi [ingl. business _ 

saqme, mewarmeoba] _ momgebiani 

saqmianoba. 

bili [ingl. bill] _ 1. 

inglisSi, aSS-isa da zogierTi 

sxva qveynis sakanonmdeblo 

organoSi Setanili axali 

kanonproeqti. 2. aSS-Si qaRaldis 

fuli, angariSi. 

bipolidi [laT. bis _ orjer 

da berZ. polis _ qalaqi, 

saxelmwifo) _ (samarT.). piri, 

romelsac ori (an meti) 

saxelmwifos moqalaqeoba aqvs; 

bipatridi. 

birJa [germ. Börse, laT. bursa 

_ qisa] _ erTgvarovani saqonlis 

regularulad funqcionirebadi, 

organizaciulad gansazRvruli 

sabiTumo bazari. 

mag., safondo birJa _ adgili, 

sadac xdeba fasiani qaRaldebis 

(aqciebis, obligaciebis 

da sxv.) yidva-gayidvis garagebebi. 

biurokratia [frang. bureau _ 

biuro da berZ. kratos _ Zalaufleba] 

_ (polit.). umaRlesi 

Cinovnikuri aparati, administracia; 

marTvis sistema, romelic 

dafuZnebulia formalizmze. 

biujeti [frang. budget _ 

CanTa] _ (finans.). saxelmwifos, 

firmis, ojaxis Semosavlebisa 

12 

da xarjebis nusxa drois 

gansazRvruli periodisaTvis, 

Cveulebriv, erTi wlisaTvis. 

bloki [frang. bloc] _ (polit., 

ekon.). saxelmwifoebis, partiebis 

da a.S. kavSiri, gaer- 

Tianeba saerTo ekonomikurpolitikuri 

miznebis misaRwevad. 

boikoti [ingl. boycott] _ 

urTierTobis gawyveta pirTan, 

dawesebulebasTan an saxelmwifosTan. 

boni [frang. bon] _ (ekon., 

samarT.). 1. sakredito dokumenti, 

romliTac mis mflobels 

SeuZlia miiRos garkveuli 

Tanxa daTqmul vadaSi. 

2. droebiTi qaRaldis fulis 

niSani. 3. xmarebidan gamosuli 

qaRaldis fuli, romelsac 

agroveben koleqciisaTvis. 

bonifikacia [frang. Bonification] 

_ (finans.). fasis wanamati 

saqonlis maRali xarisxisaTvis, 

romelic aWarbebs 

xelSekrulebiT dadgenil 

dones. 

bonusi [laT. bonus _ kargi] 

_ (ekon.). damatebiTi dajildoveba, 

premia; gamyidvelis 

fasdakleba mudmivi myidvelisaTvis. 

breid-vimpeli [hol. breedwimpel] 

_ (sazRvao, dipl.). 

sagangebo alami, romelsac 

samxedro xomaldze maSin 

aRmarTaven, roca masze maRali 

saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis 

piri imyofeba.

ein-dreini [ingl. brain _ 

tvini da drein _ drenaJi] _ 

`tvinis gadineba~; cxovrebis 

dabali donis qveynebidan 

maRalkvalificiuri specialistebis 

masiuri wasvla. 

brifingi [ingl. breifing _ 

sityva-sityviT instruqtaJi] _ 

(polit.). xanmokle TaTbiri an 

pres-konferencia saerTaSoriso 

da mniSvnelovan saxelmwifoebriv 

sakiTxebze JurnalistTa 

viwro wrisaTvis. 

brokeri [ingl. broker] _ 

(ekon.). birJis muSaki, bazris 

monawile, sabazro urTier- 

TobaTa agenti, Suamavali. 

bruto [ital. brutto] _ (ekon.). 

saqonlis wona tarasTan da 

SesafuTTan erTad. (sapirisp. 

neto). 

bumi ekonomikuri [ingl. 

boom] _ (ekon.). saqmiani ciklis 

faza, warmoebis, vaWrobis, 

saqmiani aqtivobis xelovnurad 

gamowveuli moklevadiani 

aRmavloba. 

butlegeri [ingl. bootlegger] 

_ (samarT.). akrZaluli saqonliT 

(spirtiani sasmelebi) 

movaWre piri. 

buRalteria, buxhalteria 

[germ. Buch wigni da halter 

daWera] _ fuladi saxsrebisa 

da materialuri faseulobebis 

aRricxvis wignisa da uwyisebis 

warmoeba dokumentaciis 

gansazRvruli wesebisa da 

formebis dacviT. 

13 

g 

gakotreba [ital. banko _ 

skami da otto _ gatexili] _ 

(ekon., samarT.). fuladi 

saxsrebis uqonlobis gamo 

movalis gadaxdisuunaroba. 

galanturi [frang. galant] _ 

(dipl.). didad Tavaziani, 

zrdilobiani. 

gapi [ingl. gap _ dacileba, 

garRveva] _ (ekon.). sabirJo 

saqonlis fasis mkveTri cvlileba, 

roca wina sabirJo dRis 

minimaluri fasi mimdinare 

dRis maqsimalur fasze maRalia 

an wina dRis maqsimaluri 

fasi mimdinare dRis minimalur 

fasze naklebia. 

garanti [frang. garant] _ 

(ekon. samarT.). saxelmwifo, 

dawesebuleba an piri, romelic 

iZleva risame garantias; 

Tavdebi. 

garantia [frang. garantie] _ 

iuridiuli dokumenti; piroba, 

romelic uzrunvelyofs risame 

warmatebas; sawindari. 

gaspadin, gaspaJa [rus. 

господин, госпажа] _ ruseTSi: 

zrdilobiani mimarTva kacisadmi, 

qalisadmi. 

gastarbaiteri [germ. Gastarbeiter 

muSa-imigranti] _ (ekon., 

polit.). ucxoeli muSa, romelic 

samuSaodaa Casuli ekonomikurad 

sustad ganviTarebuli 

qveynidan industriulad 

ganviTarebul qveyanaSi. 

gaudeamusi [laT. gaudeamus _ 

`gavixaroT~] _ Zveleburi

studenturi simRera laTinur 

enaze; iwyeba sityvebiT: 

Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus! 

_ amgvarad, gavixaroT, vidre 

axalgazrdebi varT. 

genezisi [berZ. genesis] _ 

warmoSoba, warmoqmna. 

genocidi [laT. gens _ gvari, 

tomi da caedere _ mokvla] _ 

(samarT., polit.). gaerTianebuli 

jgufis mTlianad an 

nawilobriv mospoba an misi 

mospobis safrTxis Seqmna 

erovnuli, eTnikuri, rasobrivi, 

religiuri an raime sxva 

niSniT. iTvleba erT-erT 

umZimes danaSaulad kacobriobis 

winaaRmdeg. 

geSefti [germ. Geschaft] _ 

(ekon.). gamorCenis (mogebis) 

mizniT wamowyebuli saqme. 

gildia [germ. Gilde] _ 

erTnairi profesiis adamianTa 

(vaWarTa, xelosanTa) gaerTianeba 

Sua saukuneebis evropaSi. 

globaluri [frang. global] _ 

1. saerTo, mTliani, erTad 

aRebuli. 2. rac mTel msoflios 

moicavs. mag., globaluri 

politika, globaluri 

ekonomika. 

glosari, glosariumi [laT. 

glossar, glossarium] _ (samarT.). 

kanonebisa da iuridiuli 

aqtebis ganmartebaTa krebuli. 

gradacia [laT. gradatio] _ 

erTi safexuridan meoreze 

TandaTanobiT gadasvla; TandaTanoba, 

Tanamimdevroba. 

granti [ingl. grant _ subsidia, 

saCuqari] _ 1. (samarT.). 

14 

vinmesTvis raimes (umetesad 

fulis) micema (mudmivad an 

droebiT) werilobiTi dokumentiT; 

Cuqeba; boZeba. 2. mTavrobis, 

adgilobrivi xelisuflebis 

an sxva organizaciis 

mier micemuli fuli raime 

gadasaxadis gadaxdaSi dasaxmareblad. 

grantori _ maCuqebeli, 

cedenti. 

grinbeki [ingl. greenback] _ 

amerikuli dolaris popularuli 

saxelwodeba. 

gubernatori [ingl. governor] 

_ piri, romelic marTavs 

Stats an provincias; mmar- 

Tveli. 

gudvili [ingl. goodwill] _ 

(ekon.). firmis aqtivebi, kapitali, 

romelic ar eqvemdebareba 

materialur ganzomilebas. 

mag., reputacia, teqnikuri 

kompetenciebi, kavSirebi, marketinguli 

xerxebi, adgilmdebareoba 

da sxv. 

d 

damfinicia [laT. damnum _ 

zarali da facere _ keTeba] _ 

(ekon., samarT.). dazaraleba. 

dauning-striti [ingl. 

Downing street] _ (dipl.). londonSi: 

quCa, sadac mdebareobs 

inglisis sagareo saqmeTa 

saministro; ase uwodeben TviT 

am saministros (zogjer, saer- 

Tod, mTavrobasac). 

debatebi [frang. débats] – 

(polit.). raime sakiTxis sajaro 

ganxilva, azrTa gaziareba; kamaTi.

debentura [laT. debere _ 

iyos movaled] _ (samarT.). 

sabaJo mowmoba baJis dabrunebamde. 

debeti [laT. debet] _ (buxhalt.). 

fuli, romelic kompanias 

marTebs. (sapirisp. krediti). 

debitori [laT. debitor] _ 

piri, romelmac vinmes winaSe 

valdebuleba ikisra; movale. 

(sapirisp. kreditori). 

degresia [laT. degressio _ 

ukan daxeva] _ 1. raimes Tanda- 

TanobiT Semcireba, kleba. 2. 

(finans.). gadasaxadiT proporciuli 

dabegvra _ ufro 

mcire Semosavalze dabegvris 

procentis Semcireba. 

deduqcia [laT. deductio _ 

gamoyvana] _ mtkicebis erTerTi 

gza logikaSi, zogadi 

debulebidan kerZo daskvnis 

gamoyvana. (sapirisp. induqcia). 

devalvacia [laT. de _ amo- 

Reba da valer _ Rirs] _ (ekon.). 

qveyanaSi fulis reforma, gaufasurebuli 

fulis niSnebis 

amoReba mimoqcevidan da 

srulfasiani sakredito bile- 

TebiT Secvla (Ria devalvacia) 

an brunvaSi myofi fulis 

niSnebis oficialuri kursis 

dabla daweva (faruli devalvacia). 

deviacia [laT. déviatio _ 

gadaxra] _ (ekon.). fasiani 

qaRaldebis kursis, sabirJo 

saqonlis fasebis uecari 

gadaxra forsmaJorul garemoebaTa 

gavleniT. 

15 

devizi [frang. devise] _ 

(finans.). saerTaSoriso sagadasaxdelo 

saSualeba Tamasuqebis, 

Cekebis, gzavnilebis, 

akreditivebis saxiT, romlebic 

wamoyenebulia ucxo bankebSi 

da unda ganaRdes saz- 

RvargareT ucxour valutaSi. 

dezavuireba [frang. désavouer] 

_ (polit., samarT.). uaryofa; 

visime gancxadeba, rom 

igi ar eTanxmeba Tavisi 

warmomadgenlis moqmedebas. 

de-iure [laT. de jure] _ 

kanonisamebr, iuridiulad, visime 

cnoba formalurad. (sapirisp. 

de-faqto). 

deklaracia [laT. declaratio] _ 

(polit.). 1. oficialuri gancxadeba 

raime aqtisa, kanonisa. 

2. (finans.). gadasaxadis gadamxdelis 

gancxadeba Tavisi 

Semosavlis, qonebis raodenobis 

Sesaxeb. 3. sabaJos dokumenti, 

romelSic mocemulia 

informacia sazRvarze gadasazid 

saqonelze. 

deklasifikacia [ingl. 

declassification] _ raimesTvis 

saidumlo grifis moxsna; 

cnobilad CaTvla. 

dekorti [germ. Dekort] _ 

(ekon.). fasis dakleba saqonelze, 

rodesac misi xarisxi 

da raodenoba ar Seesabameba 

pirobiT daTqmuls. 

dekreti [laT. decretum] _ 

(samarT.). xelisuflebis umaRlesi 

organos dadgenileba, 

gankarguleba, romelsac kanonis 

Zala aqvs.

deliveri [ingl. delivery] _ 

(samarT.). mflobelis werilobiTi 

orderi saqonlis gacemis 

Sesaxeb. 

delimitacia sazRvrisa 

[laT. delimitatio _ dadgena] _ 

saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: 

saxelmwifo sazRvris mdgomareobisa 

da mimarTulebis dadgena 

momijnave saxelmwifoebs 

Soris molaparakebaTa gziT. 

delinkventi [laT. delinquens 

_ danaSaulis Camdeni] _ 

(samarT.). piri, romelmac ar 

Seasrula kanoniT (xelSekrulebiT) 

masze dakisrebuli 

valdebuleba, dauSva darRveva, 

Caidina danaSauli da a.S. 

delistingi [ingl. delisting] _ 

(ekon.). fasiani qaRaldebis 

amoReba safondo birJaze 

registraciis siidan. (sapirisp. 

listingi). 

deliqti [laT. delictum] _ 

(samarT.). kanonsawinaaRmdego 

moqmedeba, danaSauli, romelmac 

gamoiwvia zarali da 

iTvaliswinebs misi anazRaurebis 

valdebulebas. 

deliqturi _ samoqalaqo 

kanondarRvevasTan dakavSirebuli. 

delkredere [ital. del credere 

_ ndobiT] _ samoqalaqo 

samarTalSi: xelSekrulebis 

piroba, romlis mixedviTac 

komisioneri kisrulobs pasuxismgeblobas 

mesame piris 

mier garigebis Sesrulebaze. 

demagogia [berZ. dēmagõgia] _ 

(polit.). 1. xalxis mxarda- 

Weris mopoveba maT grZnobebze 

16 

da cruSexedulebebze Tama- 

SiT. 2. sakiTxis aramarTebulad 

gaSuqeba Segnebulad; 

faqtebis damaxinjeba. 

demarkacia [laT. démarcation 

_ gamijvna] _ (samarT.). 

saxelmwifos sazRvris adgilze 

gatareba da misi specialuri 

sasazRvro niSnebiT 

dafiqsireba. 

demarSi [frang. démarche] _ 

(dipl.). erTi saxelmwifos 

mTavrobis mimarTva meorisadmi 

(nota, memorandumi, gancxadeba 

da misT.). 

demereji [ingl. demurage] _ 

(ekon., samarT.). jarima, pirgasamtexlo, 

romelsac tvirTis 

mflobeli (damfraxtavi) uxdis 

gemis mesakuTres gemis 

mocdenisaTvis. 

demilitarizacia [frang. 

démilitariser] _ (polit., samarT.). 

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT 

romelime saxelmwifosaTvis 

saomari teqnikis raodenobrivi 

SezRudva; ganiaraReba. 

demokratia [berZ. dēmokratia] 

_ (polit.). saxelmwifo mmar- 

Tvelobis forma, roca umaRlesi 

xelisufleba mTel 

xalxs ekuTvnis. 

dempingi [ingl. dumping _ 

Camogdeba] _ (ekon.). saqonlis 

gayidva xelovnurad Semcirebuli 

fasebiT. 

denacionalizacia [frang. 

dénationalisation] _ (polit., ekon.). 

saxelmwifo obieqtebis gadacema 

kerZo sakuTrebaSi. (sapirisp. 

nacionalizacia).

denominacia [laT. denominatio 

_ gadarqmeva] _ (finans.). gaufasurebuli 

qaRaldis fulis 

niSnebis saxelis Secvla da 

maTi nominaluri Rirebulebis 

Semcireba. 

denonsacia [frang. 

dénonciation _ Setyobineba] _ 

(dipl.). erTi saxelmwifos 

mier meorisaTvis Setyobineba 

maT Soris moqmedi xelSekrulebis 

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. 

depoziti [laT. depositum _ 

Sesanaxad micemuli ram] _ 

(finans.). fuladi anabari; xel- 

Sekruleba minabarebis Sesaxeb. 

depozitari qveynebi _ 

(dipl.). saxelmwifoebi, romel- 

Ta Soris dadebul xelSekrulebas 

Semdgom SeuZliaT 

xeli moaweron sxva msurvelma 

qveynebma. 

deponenti [laT. deponentus _ 

gadadeba] _ fizikuri an 

iuridiuli piri, romelmac 

Sesanaxad gadasca sakredito 

dawesebulebas (banks) fuli an 

fasiani qaRaldebi. 

deponireba [laT. deponere _ 

Sesanaxad gadacema] _ 1. 

(dipl.). saratifikacio sigelebis 

Sesanaxad gadacema 

romelime saxelmwifos an 

saerTaSoriso organosaTvis 

(Tu xelSekrulebas xeli 

moawera ramdenime qveyanam). 2. 

(finans.). depozitis Setana. 

deporti [frang. déport] _ 

(ekon.). spekulaciuri sabirJo 

garigeba, romelic ideba 

safondo birJaze fasiani 

qaRaldebis kursis dacemaze 

17 

moTamaSe pirebis (`daTvebi~) 

mier. (sapirisp. reporti). 

deportacia [laT. deportatio] 

_ (polit.). pirovnebis gaZeveba 

misi mudmivi adgilsamyofelidan 

da sxva adgilas iZulebiT 

dasaxleba. 

depresia [laT. depressio _ 

daTrgunva] _ (ekon.). sameurneo 

saqmianobis moduneba, Seferxeba. 

deputati [laT. deputatus] _ 

arCeviTi saxelmwifo dawesebulebis 

wevri; arCeuli warmomadgeneli. 

derivati [laT. derivatus _ 

gamoyofili] _ xelSekruleba 

(ofcioni, fiuCersi), romelic 

efuZneba valutebis, fasiani 

qaRaldebis kursebs; mflobels 

aZlevs SesaZleblobas 

daifiqsiros saqonlis yidvis 

(gayidvis) xelsayreli fasi. 

despani [ingl. envoy] _ 

(dipl.). ufrosi diplomati 

(rangiT elCze dabali); piri, 

romelic erTi mTavrobisgan 

an organizaciisgan SetyobinebiT 

gaigzavna meoresTan. 

despotia [berZ. despotia] _ 

(polit.). ganusazRvreli uflebebis 

mqone umaRlesi xelisufalis 

(despotis) mmarTveloba. 

destruqcia [laT. destruction] 

_ rRveva, risame normaluri 

struqturis daSla. 

detanti [frang. détente] _ 

(polit.). daZabulobis Seneleba 

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi 

(aSS-sa da zogierT sxva 

qveyanaSi miRebuli termini).

deteqtivi [ingl. detective] _ 

ucxoeTis qveynebSi samZebro 

policiis agenti; maZebari. 

de-faqto [laT. defacto] _ (samarT.). 

faqtobrivad, visime an 

risime cnoba sinamdvileSi. 

(sapirisp. de-iure). 

definicia [laT. definitio] _ 

sagnis zusti gansazRvra misi 

yvelaze arsebiTi niSnebis 

mixedviT. 

deficiti [laT. deficit _ 

aklia] _ (ekon.). 1. ramis 

(saqonlis, finansebis) nakleboba; 

2. gasavlis metoba 

Semosavalze. 

deflacia [laT. deflatio _ 

gamoberva, Seberva] _ (ekon.). 

brunvaSi myofi qaRaldis 

fulis raodenobrivi Semcireba 

misi msyidvelobiTunarianobis 

asawevad. 

defolti [ingl. defolt] _ (finans.). 

fasian qaRaldze procentis 

gacemis Sewyveta. 

decentralizacia _ 

(polit.). 1. mmarTvelobis 

sistema, roca centraluri 

xelisuflebis zogi funqcia 

gadaecema TviTmmarTvelobis 

adgilobriv organoebs; 2. centralizaciis 

Sesusteba an 

gauqmeba. 

decimacia [laT. decimus _ 

meaTe] _ (ist.). yoveli meaTe 

adamianis dasja damnaSavis 

mounaxaobis SemTxvevaSi. 

diaspora [berZ. diaspora _ 

gabneva] _ xalxis (eTnikuri 

erTobis) mniSvnelovani nawi- 

18 

lis yofna Tavisi qveynis 

farglebs gareT. 

digestebi [laT. digesta] _ 

romauli samoqalaqo samarTlis 

krebuli, romelic gamoaqveynes 

533 w. imperator iustinianes 

dros; Seicavda romaeli 

iuristebis mravalricxovani 

Sromebidan amokrefil 

adgilebs da kanonis Zala 

hqonda (sxvanairad: pandeqtebi). 

diversifikacia [laT. 

deversus _ sxvadasxva da facere _ 

keTeba] _ (ekon.). kerZo piris 

an firmis saqmianobis gafar- 

Toeba. 

dividendi [laT. devidendus _ 

gasayofi] _ (ekon.). aqcioner- 

TaTvis kompaniis mogebis 

nawilis gadaxda. 

dizaJio [ital. disaggio] _ 

(finans.). qaRaldis fulis 

niSnebisa da sxva fasiani 

qaRaldebis kursis Semcireba. 

(sapirisp. aJio). 

dileri [ingl. dialer _ movaWre, 

agenti] _ (ekon., samarT.). 

kerZo piri an firma, safondo 

birJis wevri, romelic moqmedebs 

Tavisi saxeliTa da 

xarjiT. 

dilingi [ingl. dealing] _ 

(ekon.). 1. yidva-gayidva londonis 

safondo birJaze. 2. saqmiani 

garigeba; finansuri operacia; 

fasebis dacema-amaRlebaze 

TamaSi. 

dilucia mogebis [ingl. 

dilutio earnings] _ (ekon.). Semosavlianobis 

Semcireba.

diplomati [frang. diplomate] 

_ 1. Tanamdebobis piri (mag., 

elCi), romelic Tavisi qveynis 

oficialuri warmomadgenelia 

sxva qveyanaSi. 2. (gadat.) sxva 

adamianebTan urTierTobaSi 

mSvidi da taqtiani. 

diplomatia [frang. 

diplomatie] _ 1. mTavrobis saqmianoba 

saxelmwifos sagareo, 

saerTaSoriso politikis gansaxorcieleblad. 

2. sxva 

qveyanaSi sakuTari qveynis 

interesebis marTva diplomatebis 

mier. 

diplomatiuri korpusi _ 

ama Tu im qveyanaSi akreditebuli 

ucxo qveynebis 

diplomatiur warmomadgenlobaTa 

erToblioba. 

diplomatiuri imuniteti _ 

ix. imuniteti diplomatiuri. 

direqtiva [frang. directive _ 

gagzavna] _ zemdgomi organos 

an Tanamdebobis piris savaldebulod 

Sesasrulebeli 

saxelmZRvanelo miTiTeba; 

instruqciebis gacema. 

disidenti [laT. dissidens _ 

winaaRmdegi] _ piri, romelic 

ar iziarebs qveyanaSi gabatonebul 

ideologias; sxvagvarad 

moazrovne. 

diskvalifikacia [ingl. 

disqualify] _ (samarT.). vinmes- 

Tvis: 1. uflebis CamorTmeva. 2. 

araqmedunarianad gadaqceva. 

diskonti [ingl. discount] _ 

(finans.). 1. Tamasuqis an 

fasiani qaRaldis ganaRdeba. 2. 

fasCamokleba. 

19 

diskreditacia [frang. 

discréditer _ ndobis dakargva] _ 

1. ganzrax moqmedeba, romelic 

subieqtis (adamianis, firmis 

da sxv.) avtoritetis, imijis 

Sesaryevad aris mimarTuli. 2. 

(samarT). Cveneba imisa, rom 

piri ar aris sando. 

diskreciuli [frang. 

discrétionnire _ piradi Sexedulebis 

mixedviT, TviTneburad] 

_ Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr 

moqmedi. 

diskriminacia [laT. 

discriminatio _ garCeva] _ 1. 

(dipl.). rasobrivi an nacionaluri 

kuTvnilebis, socialuri 

warmoSobis, politikuri 

Sexedulebebis, sqesis an sxva 

niSnis mixedviT moqalaqeTa 

garkveuli kategoriisaTvis 

uflebebis SezRudva an Camor- 

Tmeva. 2. (ekon.) ekonomikuri 

subietis (saxelmwifo, sawarmo, 

moqalaqe) uflebaTa ukanonod 

Selaxva an CamorTmeva. 

(sapirisp. retorsia). 

diskusia [laT. discussio _ 

kvleva, ganxilva] _ raime sadavo 

sakiTxis sajaro ganxilva; 

kamaTi, paeqroba. 

dismili [ingl. dismissal _ 

daTxovna] _ (dipl.). diplomatis 

kerZo pirad gamocxadeba. 

dispaSi [frang. dispache] _ 

(ekon.). zaralis gaangariSeba 

(gemis avariis SemTxvevaSi). 

dispozicia [laT. dispositio _ 

ganawileba] _ (samarT.). kanonebsa 

da xelSekrulebebSi 

dafiqsirebuli ekonomikuri

saqmianobis amkrZalavi an 

SemzRudveli samarTlebrivi 

normamiTiTebebi. 

disputi [laT. disputo _ 

vmsjelob, vkamaTob] _ sajaro 

kamaTi, paeqroba raime sakiTxze. 

distribucia [ingl. 

distribution] _ (vaWr.). ganawileba; 

saqonlis biTumad Sesyidva 

da gayidva. 

diferenti [laT. differens] _ 

(finans.). savaWro operaciebSi: 

saqonlis SekveTisa da miRebis 

dros arsebuli fasTasxvaoba. 

diqtati [laT. dictatus _ 

miwerili] _ 1. (ekon.). ekonomikuri 

subieqtisaTvis moqmedebis 

gansazRvruli wesis iZulebiT 

Tavsmoxveva. 2. (dipl.). 

xelSekrulebaSi araTanasworuflebiani 

pirobebis miniWeba 

ufro Zlieri mxaris mier. 

diqtatori _ (polit.). 

mmarTveli, romelsac sruli 

piradi Zalaufleba gaaCnia. 

diqtatura [laT. dictatura] _ 

(polit.). gabatonebuli klasis 

SeuzRudveli saxelmwifo 

Zalaufleba. 

dogma [berZ. dogma] _ 

(samarT.). 1. ZiriTadi debuleba. 

2. dausabuTeblad, brmad 

miRebuli debuleba, romelic 

miiCneva uryev WeSmaritebad 

yvela droisa da istoriuli 

pirobebisaTvis. 

dokumenti [laT. documentum] 

_ (samarT.). risame damamtkicebeli 

saqmiani qaRaldi; raime 

uflebis damadasturebeli sa- 

20 

buTi; visime vinaobis damamtkicebeli 

mowmoba. 

dominireba [laT. dominary _ 

Warboba] _ (ekon.). 1. erTi ekonomikuri 

subieqtis an misi 

saqonlis upiratesi mdgomareoba 

sxvebTan SedarebiT. 2. 

gabatonebuli idea, risame 

ZiriTadi niSani. 

domicili [laT. domicilium _ 

adgilsamyofeli] _ mudmivi 

sacxovrebeli adgili; warmoebis 

adgili (gansakuTrebiT 

gadasaxadis miznebisaTvis). 2. 

adgili, sadac xdeba Tamasuqis 

ganaRdeba an gadasaxadis 

gadaxda, roca gadamxdeli 

sxvagan cxovrobs. 

dosie [frang. dossier] _ 

(samarT.). raime sakiTxTan an 

saqmesTan dakavSirebuli, 

erTad Sekrebili dokumentebi. 

dotacia [laT. dotatio _ 

saCuqari, Senawiri] _ (ekon.). 

saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili 

fuladi saxsrebi 

zaraliani sawarmoebis dasafinanseblad. 

doqtrina [laT. doctrina] _ 1. 

moZRvreba, mecnieruli an 

filosofiuri Teoria, sistema. 

2. kanonis zogadi principi. 

(mag., monros dotrina _ 

principi, rom aSS-is interesSi 

Sedis sxva amerikuli saxelmwifoebis 

SidasaqmeebSi garedan 

Carevis Tavidan acileba). 

duaieni [frang. doyen] _ 

diplomatiuri korpusis meTauri, 

mamasaxlisi.

dublikati [laT. dublicatus _ 

gaormagebuli] _ raime werilobiTi 

dokumentis meore 

cali, romelsac iuridiulad 

dedanis Zala aqvs. 

duopolia [laT. duo _ ori 

da berZ. poleo _ vyidi] _ (ekon.). 

meurneobis dargis sabazro 

struqtura, romlis drosac 

arsebobs garkveuli saqonlis 

mxolod ori mimwodebeli da 

maT Soris ar aris dadebuli 

monopolisturi SeTanxmeba 

gasaRebis bazrebis, fasebisa 

da sxvaTa Sesaxeb. 

e 

egalitarizmi [ingl. 

egalitarianism] _ politikuri 

Teoria imis Taobaze, rom 

sazogadoebis yvela wevrs 

Tanabari uflebebi aqvs da 

erTnairad unda moepyron maT. 

egzekvatura [laT. exsequor _ 

gamorkveva, dadgena, Sesruleba] 

_ 1. (dipl.). mimRebi 

saxelmwifos mTavrobis oficialuri 

dokumenti konsulis 

cnobis Sesaxeb. 2. (samarT.). 

sxva qveyanaSi gamotanili 

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis 

aRsruleba mocemul qveyanaSi. 

ediqti [laT. adictum] _ 

(samarT.). xelisuflebis werilobiTi 

brZaneba; kanonis 

sajarod gamocxadeba. 

evolucia [laT. evolutio] _ 

risame cvlis, ganviTarebis 

procesi. 

21 

evro [ingl. Euro] _ evrokavSiris 

15 qveynis saerTo 

valuta. 

evrokardi [ingl. eurocard] _ 

saerTaSoriso-sakredito bara- 

Ti, evropuli sabanko sistemis 

monawile qveynebSi gamoyenebis 

uflebiT. 

ekautingi [ingl. account _ 

angariSi] _ (finans.). finansuri 

informaciis Sekreba, damuSaveba-analizTan 

dakavSirebuli 

saqmianoba. 

ekvivalenti [laT. auquivalens] 

_ tolmniSvnelovani. 

ekzekucia [laT. exsecutio _ 

Sesruleba] _ (samarT.). sasamarTlo 

ganaCenis an administraciuli 

gadawyvetilebis 

aRsruleba. 

ekologia [berZ. Oikos _ 

saxli, adgilsamyofeli da 

logos _ moZRvreba] _ adamianis 

urTierToba garemomcvel 

bunebasTan. 

ekonometrika _ [ekono(mika) 

da berZ. metreo vzomav] _ 

mecniereba, romelic Seiwavlis 

ekonomikuri obieqtebisa 

da procesebis konkretul 

raodenobriv kanonzomierebebs 

maTematikuri da statistikuri 

meTodebis gamoyenebiT. 

ekonomia [berZ. oikonomia _ 

meurneobis marTva] _ (ekon.). 

momWirneobiT xarjva risame; 

momWirneoba. 

ekonomika [berZ. Oikos _ 

saxli, meurneoba da nomos _ 

wesi, kanoni; erTobliobaSi _ 

meurneobis gaZRolis wesebi] _

1. mecnierebis dargi. 2. meurneoba, 

saSualebebis, obieqtebis, 

procesebis erToblioba, 

romelsac adamianebi iyeneben 

sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebis 

dasakmayofileblad. 

ekonomiuri blokada [ingl. 

blockade _ alya] _ qveynis 

ekonomikuri politika sxva 

qveynis mier yvela an zogierT 

saqonelze vaWrobis SezRudvis 

an akrZalvis Sesaxeb. 

eleqtronuli autsorsingi 

_ sxva organizaciaze biznesprocesebisa 

da momsaxurebis 

Sesrulebis gadacema, romelic 

dafuZnebulia informaciuli 

teqnologiebis gamoyenebaze. 

eleqtronuli bazari _ 

momwodeblebisa da myidvelebis 

jgufi, romlebic erTian 

sainformacio-teqnologiur 

infrastruqturaSi TanamSromloben. 

eleqtronuli biznesi _ 

biznesi, romlis efeqturoba 

da konkurentunarianoba transaqciebis 

ganxorcielebis 

dros dafuZnebulia informaciuli 

teqnologiebis gamoyenebaze. 

eleqtronuli komercia _ 

eleqtronuli qselis meSveobiT 

biznes-partniorebs Soris 

ganxorcielebuli komerciuli 

saqmianoba 

eleqtronuli maRazia _ 

veb-saiti, romelzedac SesyidvisaTvis 

ganTavsebulia saqonlis 

katalogi, virtualuri 

kalaTa, sagadamxdelo instru- 

22 

mentebi da SeiZleba SekveTis 

miwodebis marTvis sistemac. 

eleqtronuli fuli _ 

kompiuterSi an inteleqtualur 

baraTze specialuri 

Canawerebis saxiT arsebuli 

fuli, romelic gamoiyeneba 

partniorebs Soris Sesyidvisa 

da angariSsworebisaTvis konkretuli 

informaciuli teqnologiebis 

CarCoebSi. 

emansipacia [laT. emancipatio] 

_ (polit.). damoukideblobis 

miniWeba, uflebebSi gaTanasworeba. 

embargo [esp. embargo _ 

akrZalva] _ (ekon., polit.). 

saxelmwifos mier qveyanaSi 

garkveuli saqonlis, faseulobis, 

oqros, fasiani qaRaldebis, 

valutis gatanis an 

Semotanis akrZalva. 

emigranti [laT. emigrans _ 

vinc gadasaxldeba] _ Tavisi 

qveynidan nebayoflobiT (iZulebiT) 

gadasaxlebuli piri 

ekonomikuri, politikuri, 

religiuri mizezebis gamo. 

emigracia [laT. emigro _ 

gadavsaxldebi] _ iZulebiT an 

nebayoflobiT gadasaxleba 

Tavisi samSoblodan sxva 

qveyanaSi. 

emisari [laT. emissarius _ 

gagzavnili] _ (dipl.). saxelmwifos 

an kerZo piris piradi 

warmomadgeneli, romelic 

asrulebs sxvadasxva (ZiriTadad, 

saidumlo) davalebas 

ucxo qveyanaSi.

emisia [laT. emissio] _ 

(finans.). qaRaldis fulis 

masiuri gamoSveba. 

emitenti [laT. emissio _ 

gamoSveba] _ (finans.). nebismieri 

organo an organizacia 

(saxelmwifo banki, dawesebuleba, 

sawarmo, kompania), 

romelic awarmoebs emisias. 

e senior _ (dipl.). 

portugaliaSi: zrdilobiani 

mimarTvis forma mamakacisadmi. 

(qalisa _ a seniora). 

eskrou [ingl. escrow] _ 

(samarT.). dokumenti (aqti da 

misT.), rasac masSi monawile 

mxareebi gadascemen damoukidebel 

pirs, romelic mxolod 

maSin daubrunebs maT, rodesac 

garkveuli pirobebi iqneba 

Sesrulebuli. 

estopeli [laT. estoppel] _ 

saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi 

norma, romelic niSnavs saxelmwifos 

an saerTaSoriso 

organizaciis mier uflebis 

dakargvas da miuTiTebs im 

garemoebebze, romlebic ganapirobeben 

misTvis saerTaSoriso 

xelSekrulebis moqmedebis 

Sewyvetas, SeCerebas an 

baTilad cnobas. 

etiketi _ (samarT. ekon.) 

saqonelze, produqciaze dakruli 

savaWro niSani, romelzec 

naCvenebia misi saxelwodeba, 

Semcveloba da sxv. 

etiketi diplomatiuri 

[frang. étiquette] _ Tavazianobis, 

qcevis wesebis erToblioba, 

miRebuli garkveul socialur 

23 

wreebSi (mefis karze, diplomatiur 

urTierTobebSi da a.S.). 

eqaunTanTi [ingl. assountant] 

_ (finans.). buxhalteri; piri, 

romelsac SeuZlia sabuxhaltro 

angariSis warmoeba. 

eqskluziuri [ingl. exclusive] 

_ gansakuTrebuli, erTaderTi 

(mag., ufleba, interviu da a.S. 

eqs-oficio [laT. ex officio] _ 

(samarT.). sabirJo saqmianobaSi 

garkveuli pirobebis Seqmna 

Ria konkurentuli vaWrobisaTvis 

kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. 

eqspansia ekonomikuri [laT. 

expansio _ gavrceleba] _ 

qveynis, firmis ekonomikuri 

gavlenis sferos gafarToeba 

mis sazRvrebs gareT. 

eqspatriacia [laT. ex -gan, - 

idan da patria _ samSoblo] _ 

nebayoflobiTi an iZulebiTi 

gasvla samSoblodan, Cveulebriv, 

moqalaqeobis gamocvliT. 

eqsperti [laT. expertus _ 

gamocdili] _ risame specialisti, 

visac iwveven rTul, 

sadavo SemTxvevebSi. 

eqspertiza [frang. expertise] 

_ konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb 

eqspertuli gamokvleva. 

eqspluatacia [frang. 

exploitation] _ 1. sxvisi Sromis 

nayofis miTviseba; 2. bunebriv 

simdidreTa damuSaveba, gamoyeneba. 

3. warmoebis, transportis 

da sxva saSualebaTa 

gamoyeneba. 

eqsporti [ingl. export] _ 

(ekon.). sazRvargareT saqonlis

gasayidad gatana. (sapirisp. 

importi). 

eqsportiori [ingl. exporter] 

_ (ekon.). eqsportis mawarmoebeli, 

sazRvargareT saqonlis 

gamtani piri an organizacia. 

eqspropreacia [laT. 

expropriatio _ sakuTrebis Camor- 

Tmeva] _ (samarT.). saxelmwifos 

mier qonebis iZulebiTi, 

usasyidlo an anazRaurebiTi 

CamorTmeva an gasxviseba. eqspropreacias 

kompensaciis gacemiT 

rekvizicias uwodeben, 

xolo gacemis gareSe _ 

konfiskacias. 

eqstensiuri [laT. extensivus 

_ rac farTovdeba] _ (ekon.). 

raimes gafarToeba (mag., 

warmoebis), gagrZeleba (vadis) 

da sxv. (sapirisp. intensiuri). 

eqsteritoriuloba [laT. 

ex -gan, -dan da territorialis _ 

teritoriaze myofi] _ saku- 

Tari saxelmwifos kanonebis 

damorCileba da ucxo saxelmwifos 

iurisdiqciisagan sruli 

an nawilobrivi gaTavisufleba 

(mag., diplomatebis 

Sesaxeb). 

eqstra [laT. extra] _ rTuli 

sityvis pirveli Semadgeneli 

nawili; niSnavs: gareSe. mag., 

eqsteritoriuli wylebi _ 

saerTaSoriso wylebi, qveynis 

iurisdiqciis gareT myofi. 

eqstradicia [laT. ex -gan, - 

dan da traditio _ gadacema] _ 

(samarT.). ucxo saxelmwifosaTvis 

im piris gadacema, vinc 

24 

am saxelmwifos kanonebi 

daarRvia. 

eqstraneti [ingl. Extranet] _ 

internetis teqnologiaze 

dafuZnebuli korporatiuli 

eleqtronuli qseli, romelic 

kompanias Tavis momwodeblebTan 

akavSirebs. 

eqstremizmi [laT. extremus] 

_ukiduresi Sexedulebazomebis 

momxreoba (ZiriTadad, 

politikaSi). 

eqscesi [laT. excessus _ 

gamosvla, gadaxra] _ (samarT.). 

risame normaluri mimdinareobis 

darRveva; mwvave Sexla- 

Semoxla; procesis mimdinareobis 

iSviaTi xasiaTi. 

v 

va-bank! [frang. va banque] _ 

(finans.). didi finansuri 

riski. 

valvacia [frang. évaluation _ 

Sefaseba] _ (finans.). ucxouri 

valutis kursis erovnul 

fulad erTeulSi gansazRvra. 

valorizacia [frang. 

valorisation] _ (finans.). raime 

saqonlis fasis xelovnurad 

aweva, umTavresad am saqonlis 

warmoebis Sekvecis gziT; RonisZiebaTa 

erToblioba qaRaldis 

fulis kursis asawevad. 

valuta [ital. valuta _ 

Rirebuleba] _ (finans.). ucxo 

qveynis fuli. 

vandalizmi [laT. vandali] _ 

kulturis ZeglTa ganadgureba.

vauCeri [ingl. voucher _ xelwerili] 

_ (ekon., samarT.). 

baraTi, romelic privatizeciaSi 

monawileobis uflebas 

iZleva. 

velferi [ingl. wellfare] _ 

(finans.). fuladi saxis 

oficialuri daxmareba. 

venCuruli [ingl. venture _ 

riskiani] _ (finans.). mecnierul-teqnikuri 

siaxleebis 

danergvis dakrediteba-dafinanseba. 

verbaluri [laT. verbalis] _ 

sityvieri, zepiri. verbaluri 

nota _ (dipl.). xelmouwereli 

nota, romelic zepir gancxadebas 

uTanabrdeba. 

verdiqti [ingl.-frang. verdict 

< laT.] _ (samarT.). nafic 

msajulTa sasamarTlos gana- 

Ceni, gadawyvetileba. 

verifikacia [laT. verificatio] 

_ (samarT.). risame (masalebis, 

dokumentebis da sxv.) WeSmaritebis 

Semowmeba, namdvilobis 

dadgena. 

versia [frang. version] _ 

(samarT.). raime faqtis, 

movlenis erT-erTi axsna. 

veto [ingl. veto _ vkrZalav] 

_ 1. uzenaesi organos (monarqis 

an prezidentis) ufleba _ 

uaryos sxva (sakanonmdeblo) 

organos dadgenileba. 2. saxelmwifo 

samarTalSi: akrZalva, 

romelsac adebs erTi 

saxelmwifo organo meoris 

gadawyvetilebas. 3. saerTaSoriso 

samarTalSi: sxvadasxva 

qveynis warmomadgenelTagan 

25 

Semdgari koleqtiuri organos 

(sadac sakiTxebi wydeba 

erTxmad) erT-erTi wevris 

gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom 

igi winaaRmdegia umravlesobis 

gadawyvetilebisa; xorcieldeba 

xmis micemiT. 

veqsili [germ. wechsel] _ (finans.). 

Tamasuqi, garkveul 

vadaze gansazRvruli Tanxis 

gadaxdis werilobiTi valdebuleba. 

viza [laT. visa _ naxuli] _ 

1. (samarT.). Tanamdebobis piris 

aRniSvna sabuTze imis Sesaxeb, 

rom igi wardgenilia saTanadod 

da rigzea. 2. saxelmwifoSi 

Sesvlis, iqidan gamgzavrebis 

an mis teritoriaze 

gavlis nebarTva, romelsac 

iZleva am qveynis mTavroba. 

viziti [frang. visite] _ 

(dipl.). mcire xniT misvla 

vinmesTan. 

vizualuri [laT. visualis] _ 

mxedvelobiTi; vizualuri 

dakvirveba _ dakvirveba SeuiaraRebeli 

TvaliT an optikuri 

xelsawyoTi (fotogadaRebis 

sapirispirod). 

vindikacia [laT. vindicatio _ 

dacva] _ (samarT). mesakuTris 

ufleba sasamarTlos meSveobiT 

moiTxovos sakuTari 

qonebis dabruneba im pirisagan, 

romelic ukanonod 

flobs mas. 

virementi [frang. virement _ 

moxveva] _ (finans.). sabanko 

operacia: erTi piris mimdinare 

angariSidan meore piris

mimdinare angariSze Tanxis 

gadatana. 

virtualuri [laT. virtualis] _ 

rac SeiZleba saTanado pirobebSi 

gamovlindes; SesaZlebeli. 

virtualuri banki _ banki, 

romelic Tavis klientebs 

internetis meSveobiT emsaxureba. 

viqtomologia [laT. victima 

_ msxverpli da logos _ moZ- 

Rvreba] _ kriminologiis dargi, 

romelic ZiriTadad swavlobs 

dazaralebulis fsiqomoralur 

Tvisebebs. 

vice [laT. vice _ nacvlad, 

magier] _ moadgile, Semcvleli. 

votumi [laT. votum _ 

survili] _ (polit.). xmis 

micemis formiT gamoxatuli 

gadawyvetileba, azri. 

T 

Talmudi [Zv. ebr.] _ ebraelTa 

religiuri, sayofacxovrebo-samarTlebrivinormebis 

krebuli; Sedgenili bibliis 

(`Zveli aRTqmis~) wignebis 

ganmartebaTa safuZvelze. 

Temida _ ityvian marTlmsajulebaze. 

[ZvelberZnuli 

miTologiis marTlmsajulebis 

qalRmerT Themis-is saxelis 

mixedviT; mas gamoxatavdnen 

Tvalaxveuls, romelsac cal 

xelSi saswori eWira, xolo 

meoreSi _ maxvili]. 

26 

Teokratia [berZn. theos _ 

RmerTi kratos _ xelisufleba] 

_ (polit.). RvTismsaxurTa 

(samRvdeloebis) politikuri 

Zalaufleba. 

Teoria [berZ. theõria] _ 

gamocdilebis, sazogadoebrivi 

praqtikis logikuri ganzogadeba; 

asaxavs bunebisa da sazogadoebis 

ganviTarebis kanonzomierebas. 

2. im ganzogadebul 

debulebaTa erTolioba, 

romlebic qmnian raime 

mecnierebas an mis erT-erT 

dargs; mecnierebis dargis zogadi, 

ganyenebuli safuZvlebi. 

i 

ignorireba [laT. ignoro _ ar 

vici] _ ugulebelyofa. 

idea [berZ. idea] _ 1. cneba, 

warmodgena, romelic asaxavs 

sinamdviles adamianis cnobierebaSi 

da gamoxatavs adamianis 

damokidebulebas samyarosadmi. 

2. msoflmxedvelobis 

ZiriTadi, arsebiTi principi. 3. 

azri, Canafiqri. 

idealuri saqoneli [ingl. 

ideal goods] _ (ekon.). saqoneli, 

romelsac SeuZlia adamianis 

konkretuli moTxovnileba 

srulad daakmayofilos da 

sabazro saqonlis ZiriTadi 

niSnebi ganasaxieros. 

identifikacia [laT. identifiko 

_ vaigiveb] _ (samarT.). ga- 

Tanabreba; amocnoba; realuri 

obieqtis, saqonlis Sesabami-

sobis dadgena masze warmodgenil 

dokumentaciasTan. 

identuri [laT. identicus] _ 

(samarT., ekon.). savsebiT 

msgavsi, erTnairi, igiveobrivi. 

ierarqia [berZ. hierarchia] _ 

(polit.). TanamdebobaTa Tanamimdevroba 

udablesidan umaRlesisaken. 

izolacia [frang. isolation] _ 

ganmxoloeba, gancalkeveba, 

daSoriSoreba, gamijvna. 

izolacionizmi _ politika, 

roca qveyana uars ambobs 

sxva qveynebis saSinao saqmeebSi 

Carevaze da amitom ar 

debs maTTan xelSekrulebebs. 

imigranti [laT. immigrans 

(immigrantis) _ vinc Sesaxldeba] 

_ sxva qveyanaSi Casaxlebuli 

piri. 

imigracia [laT. immigro _ Sesaxleba] 

_ sxva qveynis moqalaqeTa 

ucxo qveyanaSi droebiT 

an mudmiv sacxovreblad 

Sesvla. 

imitacia [laT. imitatio _ 

mimsgavseba] _ ekonomikuri 

obieqtis an procesis aranamdvili, 

magram namdvils damsgavsebuli 

rame. 

imiji [ingl. image] _ 

pirovnebis, firmis, saqonlis 

reputacia. 

imobilizacia (sabrunavi 

saSualebebis) [laT. immobilis _ 

uZravi] _ moZravi qonebis 

uZravad gadaqceva. 

imperativi [laT. imperativus] 

_ brZaneba; dabejiTebuli, 

27 

aucileblad Sesasrulebeli 

moTxovna. 

imperializmi [frang. imperialisme 

< laT.] _ koloniebisagan 

Semdgari imperiis 

qonis idea an praqtika. 

impiCi [ingl. impeach] _ (samarT.). 

1. parlamentis winaSe 

piris (maT Soris, saxelmwifos 

meTauris) saxelmwifo 

RalatSi dadanaSauleba. 2. 

mowmis komprometireba. 

impiCmenti [ingl. impeachment] 

_ (samarT.). zogierT qveyanaSi 

(mag., aSS-Si da sxv.) 

saxelmwifos umaRles Tanamdebobis 

pirTa saparlamento 

sasamarTloSi micemis procedura. 

importi [ingl. import, laT. 

importare] _ (ekon.). ucxouri 

saqonlis qveyanaSi gasayidad 

Semotana. (sapirisp. eqsporti). 

imuniteti [laT. immunitas _ 

ramesgan gaTavisufleba] _ 

(samarT.) calkeuli pirovnebis 

xelSeuxebloba, masze zogierTi 

kanonis gauvrcelebloba. 

mag., deputatis imuniteti _ 

sakanonmdeblo organos wevris 

pirovnebis xelSeuxebloba (ar 

SeiZleba misi dapatimreba an 

pasuxismgeblobaSi micema sakanonmdeblo 

organos Tanxmobis 

gareSe). imuniteti diplomatiuri 

_ diplomatiuri 

warmomadgenlis xelSeuxebloba 

da misi binis Seuvaloba. 

inauguracia [ingl. inauguration] 

_ (dipl.). axali prezidentis 

saxelmwifos saTaveSi

oficialurad Cadgomis sazeimo 

ceremonia. 

indemniteti [germ. Indemnität, 

ingl. indemnity] _ saerTa- 

Soriso samarTalSi: zaralis 

anazRaureba. 

indeqsi [laT. index] _ (ekon.). 

ekonomikur-statistikuri maCvenebeli; 

SefardebiTi saxiT 

gamoxatavs raime ekonomikuri 

movlenis cvalebadobas dro- 

Si. mag., fasebis indeqsi, 

xelfasis indeqsi da misT. 

indikatori [laT. indicator] _ 

saorientacio ekonomikuri maCvenebeli; 

iZleva ekonomikuri 

procesebis mosalodneli mimarTulebiT 

ganviTarebis prognozirebis 

SesaZleblobas. 

indosamenti, Jiro [germ. 

Indossament] _ dokumentze 

xelmowera, riTac is sxva 

pirs gadaecema. 1. (finans.). 

fasiani qaRaldis (Cveulebriv, 

Tamasuqis) ukana gverdze 

warwera, rac adasturebs mis 

gadacemas sxva pirze. 2. 

(samarT.). xelmowera, riTac 

dokumenti iuridiul Zalas 

iZens. 3. polisze minaweri, 

riTac polisSi aRniSnul 

Tanxas Rebulobs mzRveveli. 

industria [laT. industria _ 

saqmianoba] _ (ekon.). mrewveloba, 

gansakuTrebiT msxvili 

(mZime). 

induqcia [laT. inductio] _ 

azrovnebis meTodi _ kerZo 

faqtebidan zogadi daskvnis 

gamoyvana. (sapirisp. deduqcia). 

28 

ineqciebi [laT. injectio] _ 

ekonomikaSi fuladi saxsrebis 

(kapitalis) erTjeradi dabandeba. 

investireba [ingl. invest] _ 

(ekon.). kapitalis dabandeba; 

fulis Cadeba biznesSi. 

investicia [germ. Investition] _ 

kapitalis grZelvadiani dabandeba 

raime warmoebaSi, umTavresad 

fasiani qaRaldebis: 

aqciebis, obligaciebisa da 

sxvaTa Sesyidvis saxiT. 

investori [laT. investor _ 

meanabre] _ iuridiuli an 

fizikuri piri, romelic 

axorcielebs investiciebs, 

abandebs sakuTar, nasesxeb an 

mozidul saxsrebs misTvis 

sasurvel proeqtSi. 

inventari [laT. inventarium] _ 

sawarmoo daniSnulebisa da 

sameurneo moxmarebis sagnebi. 

invoisi [ingl. invoice] _ 

(ekon.). angariS-faqtura; zednadebi. 

iniciativa [frang. initiative] 

_ Taosnoba raime saqmeSi. mag., 

sakanonmdeblo iniciativa _ 

sakanonmdeblo organoSi 

kanonproeqtebis Setana. 

inkasacia [ital. incassare] _ 

(finans.). saTanado dokumentis 

wardgeniT fulis miReba. 

inkaso [ital. incasso] _ 

saSuamavlo sabanko operacia 

fuladi saxsrebis gadamxdelisagan 

mimRebze gadacemis 

Sesaxeb. 

inkognito [laT. incognitus _ 

ucnobi] _ (samarT.). vinaobis

gaumJRavnebloba, farulad 

yofna. 

inkorporacia [laT. incurporatio] 

_ 1. Tavis SemadgenlobaSi 

sxva organizaciis 

CarTva, SemoerTeba. 2. (samarT.) 

adre gamocemul kanonTa 

Tavmoyra da sistematizacia 

maTSi arsebiTi cvlilebis 

Seutanlad. 

inkriminireba [laT. in -Si 

da crimen _ braldeba] _ 

(samarT.). bralis dadeba, dadanaSauleba. 

inovacia [laT. innovatio] _ 

(ekon.). fulis dabandeba mecnierebaSi, 

teqnika-teqnologiis 

ganaxlebaSi. 

inJiniringi [ingl. ingineering, 

laT. ingenium -gan, _ gamomgonebloba] 

_ (ekon.). axali sain- 

Jinro-sakonsultacio momsaxureba. 

insaideri [ingl. inside _ 

SigniT] _ piri, romelic 

daSvebulia firmis saqmianobis 

saidumlo (arasajaro) informaciebze 

Tavisi Tanamdebobis 

wyalobiT. 

insinuacia [laT. insinuatio] _ 

(samarT.). saxelis gamtexi 

ciliswameba, monaWori. 

iunsitral-i [ingl. UNCIT- 

RAL] _ saerTaSoriso savaWro 

samarTlis gaeros komisia. 

inspiracia [laT. inspiratio] _ 

(samarT.). vinmes waqezeba. 

instancia [laT. instantio] _ 

erTmaneTis daqvemdebarebuli 

saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis 

29 

organoTa calkeuli rgoli, 

safexuri. 

institucionaluri politika 

[laT. institutum _ dadgena] 

_ saxelmwifos Ronis- 

Ziebebi arsebuli institutebis 

Secvlis an axlis 

Camosayalibeblad, umetesad, 

ekonomikisa da samarTlis 

sferoebSi. 

instruqcia [laT. instructio _ 

darigeba] _ saxelmZRvanelo 

miTiTebebi; specialur normatiul 

dokumentebSi Camoyalibebuli 

samsaxureobrivi qcevis 

wesebi. 

integracia [laT. integer _ 

mTeli] _ ekonomikuri subieqtebis 

gaerTianeba, maTi urTierTqmedebis 

gaRrmaveba, kavSirebis 

ganviTareba. 

intensiuri [laT. intensio] _ 

(ekon.). 1. daZabuli, gaZlierebuli. 

2. ukeTesi Sedegis, 

nayofierebis momcemi. (sapirisp. 

eqstensiuri). 

intensifikacia _ (ekon.). resursuli 

potencialis intensiuri 

gamoyenebiT warmoebis 

efeqtianobis amaRleba. 

intervencia [laT. interventio] 

_ (polit.). erTi saxelmwifos 

Careva sxva saxelmwifos 

saSinao saqmeebSi (umTavresad, 

samxedro xasiaTis). 

interneti [ingl. internet] _ 

globaluri kompiuteruli 

qseli, romelic iZleva tevad 

specializebul sainformacio 

servisze daSvebis saSualebas 

da uzrunvelyofs eleqtronul 

fostas.

internireba [laT. internus _ 

saSinao] _ (samarT.). Tavisuflebis 

SezRudvis (iZulebiTi 

dakavebis) ganxorcielebis specialuri 

reJimi, romelsac 

adgens meomari mxare meore 

mxaris samoqalaqo pirebis 

mimarT an neitraluri 

saxelmwifo mis teritoriaze 

myofi meomari mxareebis 

samxedroTa mimarT. 

internet-merketingi _ 

marketingi internetSi, romelic 

veb-saitebis gamoyenebiTa 

da eleqtro fostiT informaciis 

mizanmimarTuli gagzavna 

xorcieldeba. 

interpoli [ingl. Interpol] _ 

sisxlis samarTlis policiis 

saerTaSoriso organizacia. 

interpretacia [laT. 

interpretatio] _ risame (kanonis, 

precedentis da misT.) azris 

axsna, ganmarteba. 

intercesia [laT. intercessio] 

_ samoqalaqo samarTalSi: 

iuridiuli Careva _ Tavis 

Tavze aReba sxvisi valis, 

valdebulebis da sxv. 

interfeisi _ sxvadasxva 

saSualebebisa (programuli, 

enobrivi, teqnikuri da sxv.) da 

wesebis erToblioba, romelic 

uzrunvelyofs kavSirs programul 

sistemebs, teqnikur 

mowyobilobebs, momxmareblebsa 

da TviT sistemebs Soris. 

intraneti [ingl. Intranet] _ 

internetis teqnologiaze 

dafuZnebuli korporatiuli 

eleqtronuli qseli. 

30 

inflacia [laT. inflatio _ 

gaberva] _ (ekon.). qveyanaSi 

qaRaldis fulis gaufasureba; 

Sedegia qaRaldis fulis 

gadaWarbebuli gamoSvebisa an 

bazarze saqonlis simcirisa; 

mJRavndeba saqonelze fasebis 

zrdaSi, rac am saqonlis 

warmoebis xarisxis amaRlebiT 

ar aris gamowveuli. 

informatika _ samecniero 

disciplinebis erToblioba, 

romlis problematika sxvadasxva 

aspeqtiT dakavSirebulia 

gamomTvleli da komunikaciuri 

teqnikis Seqmnasa da 

gamoyenebasTan. 

informacia [laT. informatio] 

_ raime Setyobineba raimes 

Sesaxeb. 

infrastruqtura [laT. 

infrastruqtura _ maxloblad] _ 

mrewvelobisa da soflis 

meurneobis momsaxure dargebi 

(mag., xidebi, gzebi, sazkveba, 

kavSirgabmuloba da sxv.). 

incidenti [laT. incidens _ 

rac xdeba] _ (samarT.). usiamovno 

SemTxveva, gaugebroba. 

ipoTeka [berZ. hipothēkē _ 

girao] _ (ekon.). 1. uZravi 

qonebis dagiraveba (umetesad, 

miwis an nagebobis) sesxis 

misaRebad. 2. TviT dagiravebuli 

uZravi qoneba. 

ireita [laT. erreta] _ 

(samarT.). xelmowera dokumentze 

(mag., sertifikatze), 

romelic misi gaformebis 

dros umniSvnelo an beWdviTi 

Secdomis Sesworebas adasturebs.

istebliSmenti [ingl. establishment] 

_ 1. (polit.). xelisuflebis 

privilegiuri jgufebi; 

mTeli sistema. 2. gavleniani 

pirebi (mecnierebis romelime 

dargis da sxv.). 3. (ekon.) 

mogebis maRali done, mdgradi 

mdgomareoba sazogadoebaSi, 

SeZlebulad cxovreba. 

iuridikuli [laT. juridicus _ 

samosamarTlo] _ rac dakav- 

Sirebulia uflebriv, samara- 

Tlis normebTan; maT Seswavla-gamoyenebasTan. 

iurisdiqcia [laT. jurisdictio 

_ samosamarTlo warmoeba] _ 

marTlmsajulebis, samosamar- 

Tlo saqmis warmoebis ufleba, 

gansjadoba. 2. saqmeebi, romlebic 

ama Tu im dawesebulebis 

warmoebas eqvemdebareba. 

iuriskonsulti [laT. jurisconsultus 

_ samarTlismcodne] _ 

konsultanti, dawesebulebis 

TanamSromeli iuristi _ iuridiuli 

rCevebis mimcemi, am dawesebulebisa 

da misi Tanam- 

Sromlebis interesebis damcveli. 

iurisprudencia [laT. 

jurisprudentia] _ 1. samarTali, 

samarTalmcodneoba, 

iuridiul mecnierebaTa 

erToblioba. 2. iuristTa 

profesiuli moRva-weoba, 

sasamarTlo praqtika. 

iuristi _ samarTlisa da 

kanonis mcodne, iuridiul fakultetdamTavrebuli,iurisprudenciaSi 

momuSave piri, 

samarTalmcodne. 

31 

iusticia [laT. Justicia] _ 1. 

marTlmsajuleba, sasamarTlo 

warmoeba. 2. sasamarTlo dawesebulebaTa 

sistema, sasamarTlo 

uwyeba. 

ijara [laT. orrendare _ gaqiraveba] 

_ (ekon.). qonebis 

(miwis) gacema misi mepatronis 

mier droebiTi sargeblobisaTvis 

sxva pirebze 

saxelSekrulebo pirobebiT. 

k 

kabala [arab. kabala _ 

valdebuleba] _ 1. ekonomikuri 

damokidebulebis mZime forma, 

romelSic eqcevian is pirebi, 

romlebmac Znelad dasabrunebeli 

sesxi miiRes; iuridiuli 

aqti, riTac gaformebulia 

savalo valdebuleba. 2. 

sruli damokidebuleba vinmeze. 

kadastri [frang. cadastre _ 

reestri] _ (ekon.). uZravi 

qonebis aRwera-Sefaseba sagadasaxado 

mizniT. 

kazualoba, kazuali [laT. 

casualis _ SemTxveva] _ SemTxveviToba; 

ris ganzogadebac ar 

xerxdeba. 

kazuisti _ 1. iuristi, 

romelic daxelovnebulia 

rTuli, daxlarTuli saqmis 

gaxsnaSi. 2. (gadat.). ityvian 

adamianze, romelic gawafulia 

kazuistikaSi. 

kazuistika [laT. casus _ 

SemTxveva] _ zogadi iuridiuli 

normebis ganxilva kerZo 

SemTxvevebTan dakavSirebiT.

kazus beli [laT. casus belli] _ 

uSualo formaluri sababi 

saxelmwifoTa Soris saomari 

mdgomareobis warmoSobisaTvis. 

kazus federisi [laT. casus 

foederis] _ iuridiuli faqtebi, 

garemoebani an pirobebi, 

romelTa dadgomac avaldebulebs 

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis 

monawile saxelmwifos, 

xelSekrulebiT aRebuli 

valdebulebebidan gamomdinare, 

ganaxorcielos garkveuli 

qmedebani (mag., ekonomikuri 

an samxedro daxmareba 

da sxv.). 

kazusi [laT. casus] _ 1. kerZo 

SemTxveva. 2. sasamarTlo 

praqtikaSi: rTuli, daxlar- 

Tuli saqme. 3. iseTi moqmedeba, 

romelsac garegnulad aqvs 

danaSaulis niSnebi, magram 

aklia braldebis elementebi 

da amitom dausjelia. 

kalkulacia [laT. calculatio _ 

angariSi] _ (ekon.). erTeuli 

nakeTobis warmoebasa da realizaciaze 

gaweuli danaxarjebis 

jami. 

kanoni [berZ. kanōn] _ 1. wesi, 

norma, ZiriTadi debuleba. 2. 

(samarT.). xelisuflebis mier 

dadgenili yovlad savaldebulo 

wesi. 3. sagnebsa da movlenebs 

Soris arsebuli urTierTdamokidebuleba;kanonzomiereba. 

kanonikuri [berZ. kanonikos] _ 

(gadat.). mtkiced dadgenili, 

nimuSad miRebuli. 

32 

kapitali [laT. capitalis _ 

mTavari] _ (ekon.). farTo gagebiT 

_ yvelaferi, rasac Semosavlis 

motana SeuZlia an 

xalxis mier saqonlisa da 

momsaxurebis warmoebisaTvis 

Seqmnili resursebi. viwro gagebiT 

_ saqmeSi dabandebuli, 

Semosavlis momtani wyaro 

warmoebis saSualebebis saxiT 

(fizikuri kapitali); investticia. 

kapitalizmi [ingl. capitalism] 

_ ekonomikuri sistema, 

sadac fuli, qoneba da sxva 

fondebi individebis mflobelobaSia 

da sadac ekonomikas 

marTavs moTxovna, xolo 

sabazro Zalebi gansazRvraven 

fasebsa da miwodebas. 

kapitulacia [laT. capitulare] 

_ saomari moqmedebebis dros 

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier 

winaaRmdegobis Sewyveta. 

kardinaluri [laT. cardinalis 

_ mTavari] _ (polit., ekon.). 

ZiriTadi, umTavresi, umniSvnelovanesi. 

karineqsi [ingl. Currenex] _ 

eleqtronuli safondo birJa 

(aSS-Si). 

kart-blanSi [frang. carte 

blanche _ xelmowerili sufTa 

furceli, `TeTri baraTi~] _ 

(gadat.). ganusazRvreli rwmunebani; 

moqmedebis sruli Tavisufleba. 

kasacia [laT. cassatio _ 

gauqmeba] _ 1. sasamarTlos 

ganaCenis gadasinjva zemdgom 

sasamarTlo instanciaSi. 2.

gancxadeba sasamarTlos gana- 

Cenis (gadawyvetilebis) gadasinjvis 

Sesaxeb. 

kauza [laT. causa] _ mizezi. 

kauzaluri [laT. causalis] _ 

(samarT.). mizezobrivi. 

kaf-i [ingl. CAF] _ saer- 

TaSoriso vaWrobaSi: saqonlis 

gadazidvis piroba, romelSic 

CarTulia am saqonlis mitanisa 

da transportirebis xarjebi 

(dazRvevis gareSe) gamyidvelidan 

im adgilamde, sadac 

myidvelma igi unda 

miiRos. 

ke d’ orse [frang. Quai d’ 

Orsay] _. sagareo saqmeTa saministros 

rezidencia (safr.). 

`kenguru~ [ingl. kangaroo] _ 

kanonproeqtis ganxilvisas 

gamoyenebuli sistema, roca 

zogierTi muxli saerTod ar 

ganixileba, pirdapir kenWi 

eyreba, xolo Semdegi sakiTxis 

ganxilva grZeldeba. 

kvazi [laT. quas] _ (ekon.). 

moCvenebiTi, aranamdvili; 

TiTqmis msgavsi. 

kvalificireba [ingl. qualify] 

_ (samarT). 1. Sefaseba; pirobebis 

Sesabamisoba. 2. Sez- 

Rudva (uflebisa). 

kvorumi [laT. quorum] _ 

krebis monawileTa is raodenoba, 

romelic aucilebelia 

krebis dadgenilebis kanonierad 

cnobisaTvis. 

kvota [laT. quota _ TiToeulis 

wili] _ (ekon., samarT). 

dadgenili wili, miRebuli 

33 

norma, dasaSvebi raodenoba 

risame. 

klasifikacia [laT. classis _ 

Tanrigi da facio _ vakeTeb] _ 

sagnebis (movlenebis, cnebebis) 

dayofa, dajgufeba ganmasxvavebel 

niSan-TvisebaTa mixedviT. 

klauzula [laT. clausula _ 

daskvna] _ (samarT). Saer- 

TaSoriso xelSekrulebis an 

SeTanxmebis gansakuTrebuli 

xasiaTis mqone debuleba, 

sagangebo piroba. 

klerki [ingl. clerk] _ moxele 

(mag., ofisis, angariSwarmoebis 

da misT.). 

klienti [ingl. client] _ 

(ekon.). 1. is, vinc profesionalis 

mier gaweul momsaxurebaSi 

fuls ixdis. 2. 

(samarT.). piri, romelsac advokati 

warudgens saqmismwarmoeblebs. 

3. (bizn.). mudmivi 

momxmarebeli. 

kliringi [ingl. clearing] _ 

(finans.). unaRdo angariSsworebis 

erT-erTi forma. 

koalicia [laT. coalitio] _ 

(polit.). pirTa, partiaTa an 

saxelmwifoTa gaerTianeba 

saerTo miznis misaRwevad. 

kodeqsi [laT. codex _ wigni] 

_ (samarT). gansazRvruli 

wesiT sistemaSi moyvanili 

oficialur kanonTa krebuli. 

kodifikacia, kodificireba 

[laT. codex _ wigni da facio _ 

vakeTeb] _ (samarT). yvela kanonis 

erTad Tavmoyra oficialur 

samarTlebriv kodeqsSi.

koimperiumi [laT. co(n) _ 

erTad da imperium _ xelisufleba] 

_ (polit.). ramdenime 

saxelmwifos erToblivi batonoba 

sxvis teritoriaze, 

romelsac sagangebo saerTa- 

Soriso statusi eniWeba. 

kolegia [laT. collegium] _ 

Tanamdebobis pirTa jgufi, 

romlebic qmnian administraciul, 

saTaTbiro an ganmkargulebel 

organos. 

kolizia [laT. collisio] _ 

(samarT.). sapirispiro SexedulebaTa, 

miswrafebaTa, interes- 

Ta Sejaxeba; winaaRmdegoba 

(kanonTa muxlebis da misT.). 

koliziuri norma [laT. 

collisio _ Sejaxeba] _ saerTaSoriso 

kerZo samarTlis norma, 

romelic miuTiTebs, Tu romeli 

saxelmwifos samarTali 

unda iqnes gamoyenebuli 

saerTaSoriso xasiaTis mqone 

samoqalaqo, saojaxo, SromiTi 

an sxva urTierTobis regulirebis 

dros. 

komandituri amxanagoba 

[frang. commandite `ndobaze 

damyarebuli amxanagoba~] _ 

warmoebis iseTi organizaciul-samarTlebrivi 

forma, 

romlis monawileTagan erTni 

(komplimentarebi, sruli amxanagobebi) 

mTeli Tavisi qonebiT 

ageben pasuxs, meoreni 

(komanditistebi, meanabreebi) 

ki _ mxolod am wamowyebaSi 

dabandebuli TavianTi kapitaliT. 

34 

komentari [ingl. commentary] 

_ 1. saxelmZRvanelo, romelic 

kanonebis ganmartebebs iZleva. 

2. mokle SeniSvnebi, romlebic 

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT 

mTavari sakiTxebis komentirebas 

axdenen. 

komersanti [frang. comercant] 

_ piri, romelic komercias 

eweva. 

komercia [laT. commercium] 

_ vaWroba da savaWro-saSuamavlo 

saqmianoba mogebis misaRebad. 

farTo gagebiT _ 

mewarmeoba. 

komivoiaJori [frang. commis 

voyageur] _ savaWro Suamavali, 

romelic firmis davalebiT 

saqonlis myidvelebs eZebs, 

avrcelebs saqonlis nimuSebsa 

da sxv. 

komisioneri [frang. commissionnaire] 

_ piri, romelic 

Suamavlobs savaWro garagebebSi 

da amisaTvis garkveul 

gasamrjelos iRebs. 

komitenti [laT. commitens _ 

davalebis mimcemi] _ (samarT.). 

piri, romelic davalebas 

aZlevs sxva pirs (komisioners) 

dados garkveuli garigeba 

Tavisi saxeliT, magram komitentis 

xarjze. 

komiteti [frang. commité] _ 

adamianebis oficialuri jgufi, 

arCeviTi organo, romelic 

saxelmwifo, sameurneo, sazogadoebrivi 

saqmianobis romelime 

sferos xelmZRvanelobs. 

kompania [ingl. company] _ 

iuridiuli an fizikuri

pirebis gaerTianeba raime 

sargeblis misaRebad. 

kompensacia [laT. compensatio] 

_ (ekon.). miyenebuli 

zianis an zaralis anazRaureba; 

sazRauri. 

kompetencia [laT. competentia] 

_ uflebamosilebaTa 

sfero, romelic aqvs dawesebulebas 

an Tanamdebobis 

pirs. igi kanonebis, normatiuli 

dokumentebis, wesdebebis, 

mixedviT ganisazRvreba. 

kompiuteri [ingl. computer] 

_ eleqtronuli cifruli 

gamomTvleli manqana, romelic 

iTvlis an agrovebs informacias 

da avtomaturad amuSavebs 

mas. 

komponenti [laT. componens] 

_ risame Semadgeneli nawili. 

komprometireba [frang. 

compromettre] _ vinmesTvis 

saxelis gatexa, reputaciis 

Selaxva (visime winaSe). 

kompromisi [laT. compromissum] 

_ (ekon., polit., 

samarT.). urTierTdaTmobiT 

miRweuli SeTanxmeba. 

komunikacia [ingl. communication] 

_ informaciis gadacema; 

oficialuri Setyobineba. 

komunike [frang. communiqué] 

_ 1. oficialuri Setyobineba 

saerTaSoriso molaparakebis 

mimdinareobisa da Sedegebis 

Sesaxeb. 2. saerTod, oficialuri 

cnoba raime sakiTxis 

Sesaxeb. 

kongresi [laT. congresus _ 

Sexvedra] _ 1. farTo Semad- 

35 

genlobis TaTbiri, yriloba 

(upiratesad, saerTaSoriso). 2. 

aSS-Si arCeuli federaluri 

sakanonmdeblo organo. 

kongruencia [laT. congruentia] 

_ (dipl.). Sesabamisoba, 

Tanxvdeniloba, Tanazomiereba. 

kondominiumi [laT. condominium] 

_ saerTaSoriso 

samarTalSi: romelime teritoriis 

marTva ori an ramdenime 

saxelmwifos mier. 

konvencia [laT. conventio _ 

SeTanxmeba, xelSekruleba] _ 

(samarT.). saxelmwifoTa Soris 

raime konkretul sakiTxze 

dadebuli xelSekruleba. 

konvergencia [laT. convergens 

_ rac emTxveva rasme] _ 

(ekon.). raime niSan-TvisebaTa 

damTxveva erTmaneTisagan 

damoukidebel movlenebSi. 

konversia [laT. conversio _ 

Secvla] _ (finans.). winaT 

gamoSvebuli saxelmwifo 

sesxis pirobebis Secvla 

(procentis Semcireba, gadaxdis 

vadis gadaweva da sxv.). 

konvertireba [laT. conversio 

_ Secvla, gadacvla] _ 

(finans.). erTi qveynis valutis 

gadacvla sxva qveynis 

valutaze. 

koniunqtura [laT. conjunctura] 

_ (ekon.). Seqmnili vitareba, 

ekonomikuri situacia, 

romelic bazarze moTxovnamiwodebis 

arsebuli urTier- 

TobiT xasiaTdeba. 

konkordati [laT. concordatum 

_ SeTanxmeba] _ specia-lu-

i xelSekruleba romis kaTolikur 

eklesiasa da saxelmwifos 

Soris, romliTac 

eklesias garkveuli uflebebi 

da privilegiebi eniWeba. 

konkurencia [laT. 

concurrentia _ Sejaxeba] _ (ekon.). 

1. metoqeoba upiratesobis 

mosapoveblad raime sakiTxze. 

2. kerZo mwarmoebelTa brZola 

saqonlis warmoebisa da gasa- 

Rebis xelsayreli (momgebiani) 

pirobebisaTvis. 

konkursi [laT. concursus _ 

Tavmoyra, Sejaxeba] _ Sejibreba 

monawileTa Soris sauke- 

Tesos gamosavlenad (premiis 

misaRebad, Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad 

da sxv.). 

konosamenti [frang. 

connaissement] _ (ekon., samarT.). 

dokumenti, xelSekruleba, 

tvirTis gadazidvis Taobaze, 

romelic tvirTis gamgzavnsa 

da satransporto kompanias 

Soris formdeba. 

konsaltingi [ingl. consulting] 

_ ekonomikisa da sxva 

sakiTxebze konsultaciuri 

momsaxureba. 

konsensualuri [laT. consensus 

_ Tanxmoba] _ SeTanxmebiTi. 

konsensualuri xelSekruleba 

_ mxareTa zepir SeTanxmebaze 

dafuZnebuli xelSekruleba. 

konsensusi [laT. consensus _ 

Tanxmoba, erTsulovneba] _ 

sadavo sakiTxze molaparakebaTa 

gziT mxareTa Soris 

SeTanxmebis miRweva. 

36 

konservacia [laT. conservatio] 

_ ekonomikuri procesis, saqmianobis 

an obieqtis mSeneblobis 

gaurkveveli vadiT 

SeCereba. 

konsignacia [laT. consignatio 

_ werilobiTi dasabuTeba] _ 

saqonlis sazRvargareT sakomisio 

gagzavna-yidvis erTerTi 

forma. konsignanti _ 

saqonlis (tvirTis) mesakuTre 

da gamgzavni. konsignatori _ 

saqonlis (tvirTis) mimRebi da 

gamyidveli. 

konsolebi [ingl. consols] _ 

(finans.). saxelmwifo sesxis 

obligaciebi, romelTac aqvT 

arsebobis SeuzRudavi (an 

grZelvadiani) xangrZlivoba. 

konsolidacia [laT. consolidatio 

_ gamagreba, Sezrda] _ 1. 

ori an ramdenime firmis, 

kompaniis gaerTianeba, Serwyma. 

2. moklevadiani saxelmwifo 

sesxis grZelvadianad (an 

uvadod) Secvla. 

konsorciumi [laT. consortium 

_ monawileoba] _ (ekon.). saer- 

To SeTanxmebis safuZvelze 

sxvadasxva kompaniebis, bankebis 

droebiTi gaerTianeba 

raime msxvili finansuri 

operaciis Casatareblad. 

konspiracia [laT. conspiratio 

_ SeTqmuleba] _ (samarT.). 

saidumlos mkacrad dacva. 

konstatacia [frang. constatation 

_ (samarT.). risame dadgena, 

arsebobis dadastureba. 

konstitutiuri [frang. constitutif] 

_ (samarT.). arsebiTi,

ZiriTadi; risame ganmsazRvreli. 

konstitucia [laT. constitutio 

_ dadgena] _ (samarT.). 

saxelmwifos ZiriTadi kanoni, 

romliTac qveyana imarTeba; 

gansazRvravs saxelmwifo wyobilebas, 

saarCevno sistemas, 

saxelmwifo organoebis Seqmnisa 

da moqmedebis principebs, 

moqalaqeTa ZiriTad uflebamovaleobebs. 

konstituciuri _ (samarT.). 

konstituciasTan dakavSirebuli, 

masze damyarebuli. 

konstituciuri monarqia _ 

saxelmwifo wyobileba, roca 

monarqis xelisufleba konstituciiT 

SezRudulia. 

konstruqciuli [ingl. 

constructive] _ (polit., dipl.). 

qmedeba, rac raimes gakeTebaSi 

gvexmareba. 

konsuli [laT. consul] _ 

(dipl.). ucxo qalaqSi myofi 

ufrosi diplomatiuri Tanamdebobis 

piri, romelic examreba 

Tavisi qveynis moqalaqeebs 

da icavs maT biznesinteresebs. 

konsumenti [ingl. consume _ 

moxmareba] _ (vaWr.). saqonlisa 

da momsaxurebis momxmarebeli. 

kontingenti [laT. contingens 

_ urTierTSexeba] _ (ekon.). 

saxelmwifo organoebis mier 

gansazRvrul qveynebSi zogierTi 

saqonlis Setanis, gamotanis 

an tranzitis dadgenili 

zRvruli normebi. 

konto [ital. conto] _ 

(finans.). angariSi. 

37 

kontomati _ fulis gacemis 

avtomati sabanko-sakredito 

baraTis gamoyenebiT. 

konto-separato [ital. 

conto separato] _ calke angariSi. 

kontrabanda [ital. kontrabando] 

_ (ekon., samarT.). 1. 

saqonlisa da sxva faseulobis 

ukanono gatana-Semotana 

sazRvarze. 2. TviT farulad 

gadaziduli saqoneli. 

kontradiqti [ingl. 

contradict] _ ar daTanxmeba an 

zustad sapirispiros Tqma. 

kontradiqcia [ingl. contradiction] 

_ winaaRmdegoba. kontradiqtori 

_ mowinaaRmdege. 

kontrafaqcia [frang. contrapection 

_ yalbismqneloba] _ 

(ekon., samarT.). raimes keTeba 

sxvisi saxeliT, ukanono 

gamoyenebiT. 

kontraqti [laT. contractus] _ 

(samarT.). iuridiulad savaldebulo 

SeTanxmeba or an 

ramdenime pirs Soris, romli- 

Tac gansazRvrulia maT mier 

Sesasrulebeli moqmedeba da 

pasuxismgebloba am moqmedebis 

SesrulebisaTvis. 

kontrahenti [laT. contrahens 

_ SeTanxmebuli] _ (samarT.). 

piri an dawesebuleba, romelmac 

garigebiT raime valdebuleba 

ikisra. 

kontribucia [laT. contributio] 

_ (ekon., samarT.). iZulebiTi 

gadasaxdeli an qonebis 

amoReba omSi damarcxebuli 

saxelmwifosagan.

kontroli [frang. contrôle] _ 

(finans.). risame Semowmeba; 

obieqtis sameurneo-safinanso 

saqmianobis Semowmeba. 

kontroferta [laT. contra _ 

winaaRmdeg da offertus _ SeTavazebuli] 

_ (ekon., samarT.). 

Tanxmoba SeTavazebuli xel- 

Sekrulebis dadebaze, magram 

sxva pirobebiT, vidre pirveli 

variantiT iyo Cafiqrebuli, 

gaTvaliswinebuli. 

konfederacia [laT. confederatio] 

– (polit.). saxelmwifoebrivi 

mowyobis forma, damoukidel 

saxelmwifoTa kavSiri 

garkveuli miznebis misaRwevad 

xelSekrulebis safuZvelze. 

konfidencialuri [laT. 

confidentia _ ndoba] _ (samarT.). 

saidumlo. 

konfiskacia [laT. konfiskatio] 

_ (samarT.). kerZo sakuTrebaSi 

arsebuli qonebis iZulebiTi 

da usasyidlod CamorTmeva, 

romelic sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT 

an am rwmunebis 

mqone administraciuli organoebis 

mier xorcieldeba. 

konfliqti [laT. conflictus _ 

Sejaxeba] _ (samarT.). winaaRmdegoba 

Sexedulebebsa da 

urTierTobebSi, sawinaaRmdego 

interesebis Sejaxeba; cxare 

kamaTi. 

konformizmi [laT. conformis 

_ msgavsi, xelsayreli] _ erTgvarovnoba, 

uZraoba, Semguebloba, 

SemTanxmebloba. 

konfrontacia [frang. confrontation] 

_ (samarT.). urTierT- 

38 

dapirispireba,urTierTwinaaRmdegoba. koncentracia [laT. concentratio] 

_ (ekon.). risame mogroveba, 

Tavmoyra, erTad dajgufeba. 

konceptualuri [laT. 

conceptus] _ azrobrivi. 

koncerni [ingl. concern] – 

(ekon.). sawarmoTa msxvili 

gaerTianeba, romlebic erTmaneTTan 

dakavSirebulia saer- 

To interesebiT, xelSekrulebebiT, 

kapitaliT, erTobliv 

saqmianobaSi monawileobiT. 

koncesia saerTaSoriso 

[laT. concessio _ nebarTva, 

daTmoba] _ (samarT.). saxelmwifos 

mier ucxoeTis firmisaTvis 

uflebis micema awarmoos 

mis teritoriaze bunebrivi 

resursebis eqsploatacia, 

samrewvelo-ekonomikuri xasiaTis 

saqmianoba. 

koncesioneri [ingl. concessionaire] 

_ (vaWr.). piri, romelsac 

ufleba aqvs iyos produqciis 

erTaderTi gamyidveli 

romeliRac adgilze. 

koncefcia [laT. conceptio] _ 

SexedulebaTa sistema. 

kooperacia [laT. cooperatio 

_ TanamSromloba] _ fizikuri 

pirebis gaerTianeba nebayoflobiTi 

gawevrianebis safuZvelze 

koleqtiuri mewarmeobisaTvis. 

kooptacia [laT. cooptatio] _ 

arCeviTi organos axali 

wevrebis arCeva amomrCevelTa 

daukiTxavad.

koordinacia [laT. coordinatio] 

_ raime moqmedebis, 

saqmianobis (umetesad, marTvis 

procesebis) SeTanxmeba. 

korespondenti [laT. correspondare 

_ mauwyebeli] _ banki 

an sxva finansuri organizacia, 

romelic sxva msgavsi 

organizaciebis finansur da 

komerciul davalebebs asrulebs. 

korneri [ingl. corner _ 

kuTxe] _ (ekon.). piris an pirTa 

jgufis Segnebuli moqmedeba, 

romlebic bazarze procesis 

msvlelobisa da fasebis awevis 

kontrolis xelSi Casagdebad 

saqonlis xelovnur 

deficits qmnian, rasac kontraqtebisa 

da realuri saqonlis 

masiuri SesyidviT 

aRweven. 

korporacia [laT. corporatio] 

_ pirTa jgufi, gaerTianebuli 

saerTo miznebis misaRwevad da 

erToblivi saqmianobis gansaxorcieleblad, 

iuridiuli 

piris uflebiT. 

korufcia [laT. corruptio] _ 

(samarT.). Tanamdebobis pirTa 

mosyidva. 

kotireba [frang. coter] _ 

(finans.). saqonlis, fasiani 

qaRaldebisa da ucxouri 

valutis sabirJo kursis 

oficialurad dadgena da 

gamocxadeba. 

krediti [laT. creditum _ 

vali] _ 1. saqonlis an fulis 

gacema sesxad. (sapirisp. 

debeti) 2. garkveuli xarjebis 

39 

gasawevad gacemuli Tanxa. 3. 

fuli, romelic misaRebi aqvs 

kompanias. 

kreditori [laT. creditor] _ 

piri an organizacia, romelmac 

gasca saqoneli an fuli 

kreditad; piri, romlis mimarTac 

vinmem valdebuleba 

ikisra; mevale. (sapirisp. debitori). 

pirvelrigiseuli (preferenciuli) 

kreditori _ kreditori, 

romelsac pirvel 

rigSi unda gadauxadon, Tuki 

kompania likvidirebuli iqneba. 

krizisi ekonomikuri [berZ. 

krisis] _ qveynis, regionis, 

msoflios ekonomikuri mdgomareobis 

mkveTri gauareseba, 

romelic vlindeba warmoebis 

mniSvnelovan SemcirebaSi, ekonomikuri 

kavSirebis gawyveta- 

Si, sawarmoTa gakotrebaSi, 

umuSevrobis zrdasa da xalxTa 

cxovrebis donis daqveiTebaSi. 

kriminali [laT. criminalis _ 

danaSaulebrivi] _ sisxlis 

samarTlis danaSauli. 

kriminalistika [laT. 

criminalis _ danaSaulTan 

dakavSirebuli] _ iuridiuli 

disciplina, romelic swavlobs 

sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis 

gaxsnis meTodikas, 

teqnikasa da taqtikas. 

kriminaluri [laT. criminalis] 

_ (samarT.). sisxlis samarTal- 

Tan dakavSirebuli; danaSaulebrivi.

kriminologia [laT. crimer _ 

danaSauli da berZ. logos _ 

moZRvreba] _ (samarT.). moZRvreba 

danaSaulis Sesaxeb. 

kriteriumi [berZ. kritērion _ 

msjelobis, gadawyvetis saSualeba] 

_ niSan-Tviseba, romlis 

mixedviTac rasme afaseben, 

gansazRvraven, klasifikacias 

axdenen; sazomi, Sesadarisi 

saSualeba. 

kulisa [frang. coulisse _ 

farda] _ (gadat.). araoficialuri 

birJa, sadac kerZo 

maklerebi Tavisufali wesebiT 

moqmedeben. 

kupiura [frang. coupure] _ 

fulis niSnis an fasiani 

qaRaldis erTeuli egzemplaris 

saerTo saxelwodeba. 

kuponi [frang. coupon] _ 

fasiani qaRaldis nawili 

mosaxevi talonis saxiT. 

kursi [laT. cursus] _ 

(finans.). sxva qveynis fulis 

erTeulis an fasiani qaRaldis 

sabirJo fasi, gamosaxuli 

erovnul fulad erTeulSi; 

fasi, romlis mixedviTac 

valutisa da fasiani qaRaldebis 

yidva-gayidva xorcieldeba. 

kurtaJi [frang. curtage] _ 

(ekon.). saSuamavlo gasamrjelo, 

romelsac brokeri 

sabirJo garigebis ganxorcielebis 

dros Rebulobs. 

kurtie [frang. kourtier] _ 

(vaWr.). makleri, agenti, 

Suamavali. 

40 

l 

lagi [ingl. lag] _ or 

urTierTdakavSirebul ekonomikur 

movlenas Soris (aqedan 

erTi mizezia, meore _ Sedegi) 

drois intervali. 

laTinuri _ romaelTa ena, 

romelic saukuneebis manZilze 

gamoiyeneboda rogorc sasamarTloebis 

ena da dResac 

Sedis mraval zogad iuridiul 

frazaSi. mag., `de-iure~, 

de-faqto~ da sxv. 

laitmotivi [germ. Leitmotiv] 

_ 1. ZiriTadi motivi. 2. 

(gadat.). xazgasmiT gameorebuli 

saxelmZRvanelo azri. 

lamfsumi [ingl. lump sum] _ 

erTdroulad gadaxdili fuli 

(ara ramdenimejer mcire 

TanxebiT). 

laJi [frang. L’aggio] _ 

(finans.). fasiani qaRaldebis 

(aqciebis, obligaciebis da 

misT.) kursis aweva maT 

nominalur RirebulebasTan 

SedarebiT; igivea, rac aJio. 

lataria [ital. lotteria] _ 

nivTebis an fulis gaTamaSeba 

bileTebiT. 

latenturi [ingl. latent] _ 

faruli an romlis uceb 

danaxva SeuZlebelia; bundovani; 

sityvebi kontraqtSi, 

romlebic or an met rames 

SeiZleba niSnavdes, magram 

erTi SexedviT SecdomaSi 

Semyvani ar Canan; faruli 

defeqti.

lafsusi [laT. lapsus] _ 

uneblie Secdoma (nawerSi, 

metyvelebaSi). 

legalizacia [laT. legalis _ 

kanonieri] _ (samarT.). dakanoneba, 

iuridiuli Zalis micema. 

legaluri [laT. legalis] _ 

kanoniT aRiarebuli, nebadar- 

Tuli; Ria, aSkara. 

legati [laT. legatus] _ 

(samarT.). anderZSi gaTvaliswinebuli 

davaleba _ memkvidrem 

misces romelime pirs garkveuli 

Tanxa an qonebis nawili. 

legislatura [ingl. 

legislature] _ sakanonmdeblo 

xelisufleba, mag., parlamenti. 

legistebi [laT. lex (ligis) _ 

kanoni] _ Sua saukuneebSi: 

iuristebi, romlebic xels 

uwyobdnen romauli samarTlis 

gavrcelebas dasavleT evropaSi. 

legitimacia [laT. legitimus 

_ kanonieri] _ (samarT.). raime 

uflebis an rwmunebis kanonierebis 

aRiareba an damtkiceba. 

legitimuri _ kanoniT nebadarTuli. 

levereji: `berketis principi~ 

_ Tanafardoba sakuTar 

(aqcionerul) da nasesxeb 

kapitals Soris. 

`lei-evei~ [ingl. lag-away _ 

Cadeba ufro Sors] _ (finans.). 

gayidvis praqtika, romelic 

iTvaliswinebs SeTanxmebuli 

fasis mTlian an nawilobriv 

gadaxdas. 

`lending-biznesi~ [ingl. 

lending buseness] _ (ekon., finans.). 

41 

garigeba, biznes-operacia, romlis 

Sedegebi cvlis firmis 

aqtivebs da finansur angariSgebebSi 

aisaxeba. aseTi garagebebia: 

dakrediteba, sesxis 

micema da misT. 

lendingi [ingl. landing 

charges] _ (finans.). safasuri 

daniSnulebis portSi mosuli 

gemidan saqonlis CamotvirTvisaTvis. 

lend-lizi [ingl. lend-leasa < 

lend _ sesxad micema da leasa _ 

ijariT gacema] _ (ekon.). qveynisaTvis 

saqonlis (SeiaraReba, 

strategiuli nedleuli, sursaTi 

da sxv.) sesxad an ijariT 

micema. 

lendlordi [ingl. landlord] _ 

(ekon.). piri an kompania, romelic 

Tavis sakuTrebas aqiravebs. 

1. msxvili miwaTmflobeli. 

2. binebis gamqiravebeli. 

liberalizacia ekonomikis 

[laT. liberalisation _ Tavisufleba] 

_ ekonomikur saqmianobaze, 

mewarmeobasa da fasebze 

saxelmwifo SezRudvebis 

moxsna. 

libori [ingl. LIBOR _ 

London inter-bank offered Rate] _ 

londonis bankebis mier, 

Cveulebriv, 3-6 Tvis vadiT 

gacemuli moklevadiani kreditebis 

ganakveTebi. 

liz-beki [ingl. lease-back _ 

uku ijara] _ (ekon.). lizinguri 

kompaniis mier naRdi 

angariSsworebiT sxva qveyanaSi 

damamzadebeli firmidan 

mowyobilobis SeZena Semd-

gomSi misi imave firmisaTvis 

ijariT misacemad. 

lizingi [ingl. leasing _ 

ijara] _ (ekon.). manqana-mowyobilobebisa 

da warmoebrivi 

daniSnulebis nagebobebis 

grZelvadiani ijara (6 Tvidan 

ramdenime wlamde) Semdgomi 

gamosyidvis SesaZleblobiT. 

lizholdi [ingl. leasehold] _ 

(ekon.). garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi 

qonebis ijariT 

floba. 

likvidacia [frang. liquidation] 

_ (ekon., samarT.). risame (warmoebis 

da misT.) saqmianobis 

Sewyveta; daxurva, gauqmeba; 

visime mospoba. 

likviduri [laT. liquidus _ 

mimdinare] _ (finans.). ris 

ganaRdeba, fulad qceva 

advilad SeiZleba. 

likviduroba _ realizeciis, 

materialur faseulobaTa 

naRd fulad qcevis 

siadvile. 

limiti [laT. limes _ 

zRvari] _ norma, romlis 

farglebSi dasaSvebia risame 

xarjva, sargebloba; zRvruli 

norma. 

linkiji [ingl. linkage] _ (samarT.). 

birJis nebarTva Tavis 

klientebs gauyidon da iyidon 

maTgan kontraqtebi maTi 

Semdgomi yidva-gayidviT sxva 

birJaze. 

linCi [ingl. lynch] _ 

(samarT.). braldebulis (eWvmitanilis) 

Sepyroba da mokvla 

sasamarTlo mosmenis gareSe. 

42 

listingi [ingl. list _ sia] _ 

(ekon., samarT.). 1. safondo 

birJaze fasiani qaRaldebis 

savaWrod daSvebis wesi. 2. 

aqciebis Setana birJis kotirebis 

siaSi. (sapirisp. Delistingi). 

licenzia [laT. litentia 

ufleba, nebarTva] _ (ekon., 

samarT.). 1. nebarTva sxvadasxva 

saxeobis saqmianobisaTvis. aq: 

eqsport-importis operaciebis 

ganxorcielebisaTvis da misT. 

2. nebarTvis damadasturebeli 

sabuTi. licenziari _ licenziis 

gamcemi; licenziati _ 

licenziis mimRebi. 

lobi, lobistebi [ingl. 

lobb _ derefani, kuluarebi] _ 

rig saxelmwifoebSi gaerTianebebi 

an kerZo pirebi, romlebic 

TavianTi saqmianobiT 

zegavlenas axdenen saxelmwifo 

(gansakuTrebiT, sakanonmdeblo) 

organoebis saqmianobaze. 

logika [berZ. logikē] _ 1. 

mecniereba azrovnebis formebisa 

da kanonebis Sesaxeb. 2. 

msjelobisa da daskvnebis 

Tanamimdevroba. 3. Sinagani 

kanonzomiereba. 

logikuri _ 1. logikis 

kanonebze dafuZnebuli. 2. 

Tavisi xasiaTiT, Sinagani 

kanonzomierebiT gapirobebuli; 

Tanamimdevruli; kanonzomieri. 

logistika _ mecniereba, 

romelic Seiswavlis materialur-teqnikuriuzrunvelyo-

fis, sasaqonlo-materialuri 

maragebis marTvis sakiTxebs. 

logrolingi _ sakanonmdeblo 

organoebis wevrebs 

Soris `xmebiT vaWrobis~ 

praqtika. 

lokalizacia [laT. localis _ 

adgilobrivi] _ risame adgilis 

Semofargvla; garkveuli 

adgilidan risame gavrcelebisaTvis 

xelis SeSla. 

lokaluri [laT. localis] _ 

gansazRvruli adgilisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli; adgilobrivi. 

lokauti [ingl. lock-out] _ 

sawarmoTa daxurva da muSakTa 

masobrivi daTxovna gaficvebis 

CaxSobis mizniT; blokireba. 

lombardi _ sakredito 

dawesebuleba, romelic iZleva 

sesxs moZravi qonebis dagiravebiT. 

londeri [ingl. launder] _ 

fulis `garecxva~ (gaTeTreba); 

ukanono an moparuli fulis 

gadaricxva Cveulebriv sabanko 

angariSze, raTa Tavidan 

aicilon Zieba. 

loti [ingl. lot] _ aq: 1. 

saqonlis mTeli partia an 

misi saerTo raodenobis 

nawili, romelic gaiyideba an 

miewodeba xelSekrulebiT. 2. 

auqcionze erTad gayiduli 

sagnebis partia. 

m 

magistrali [laT. magistralis 

_ mTavari, warmmarTveli] _ 

43 

cneba, ekonomikuri zrdis 

maTematikuri Teoriis termini. 

magnati [laT. magnatus _ mdidari, 

warCinebuli] _ msxvili 

samrewvelo finansuri kapitalis 

mflobeli. 

madam [ingl. Madam] _ 

(dipl.). qalbatono! Zrdilobiani 

mimarTvis forma qalisadmi 

(gansakuTrebiT ucnobisadmi). 

warmoiTqmis (iwereba) 

gvaris win. 

makiavelizmi _ politika, 

romelic miznis misaRwevad 

yovelgvar saSualebas (motyueba, 

veragoba, gamcemloba, 

mkvleloba da misT.) amarTlebs 

(italieli politikuri 

moRvawisa da mwerlis nikolo 

makiavelis gvaris mixedviT). 

makleri [germ. Makler] _ 

savaWro Suamavali. 

makroekonomika [berZ. macros 

_ didi da ekonomika] _ 

ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, 

romelic Seiswavlis 

mTlianad qveynis ekono-mikas, 

msxvilmasStabian ekonomikur 

movlenebsa da procesebs. 

makulatura [ingl. maculature 

< laT. maculo _ gasvra] _ 

uvargisi nawarmi, romelmac 

Tavisi vada daasrula; qaRaldisa 

da muyaos gadasamuSavebeli 

narCenebi. 

mangonizacia _ (samarT.). 

yalbi saqonlis damzadeba. 

mandati [laT. mandatum] _ 

dokumenti, romelic garkveuli 

piris uflebebsa da 

uflebamosilebas mowmobs.

manera [frang. manière] _ moqmedebis, 

qcevis Tavisebureba; 

Cveva. 

manko [ital. manco] _ (ekon). 

wonaSi dakleba saqonlis 

gacemisas; salaros saerTo 

Tanxis danaklisi. 

manipulireba [laT. 

manipulatio] _ 1. raime rTuli 

moqmedeba, rTuli xerxi 

xeliT muSaobisas. 2. (gadat.). 

oini, yalTabandoba. 

manifesti [laT. manifestus _ 

aSkara] _ 1. umaRlesi xelisuflebis 

werilobiTi mimar- 

Tva mosaxleobisadmi gansakuTrebuli 

mniSvnelobis mqone 

movlenis gamo. 2. politikuri 

partiis, sazogadoebrivi organizaciis 

werilobiTi saprogramo 

mimarTva. 

mar _ (dipl.). israelSi: Tanamdebobis 

piris zrdilobiani 

mimarTvis forma mamakacisa 

da qalisadmi. warmoiTqmis 

(iwereba) Tanamdebobis win. 

marka [germ. Marke] _ 

saqonelze, nawarmze dasmuli 

niSani, romelzedac aRniSnulia 

misi damzadebis adgili, 

xarisxi da sxva monacemebi. 

marketingi [ingl. marketing < 

market _ bazari] _ RonisZiebaTa 

kompleqsi, romelic 

saqonlis warmoebisa da realizaciis 

gasaumjobeseblad 

xorcieldeba. 

market-meikeri [ingl. market 

maker] _ safondo birJis 

maRalkvalificiuri muSaki, 

fasiani qaRaldebis menejeri. 

44 

markireba _ [frang. marquer _ 

aRniSvna] _ markis dasma 

nawarmze. 

marko [ital. marco] _ 

(finans.). monetis fasis gansaz- 

Rvra misi wonis da ara nominaluri 

Rirebulebis mixedviT. 

marJa [frang. marginal _ 

ganapira] _ (finans.). sxvaoba 

birJis biuletenSi naCveneb 

sabirJo saqonlis gayidvisa 

da yidvis fass Soris. 

marJinalizmi [frang. 

marginal < laT. margo _ kide, 

sazRvari, ukiduresi] _ ekonomikuri 

mimdinareoba, Teoria, 

romelic ekonomikur procesebsa 

da movlenebs zRvruli, 

namati sidideebidan an mdgomareobidan 

gamomdinare xsnis. 

marJinaluri, marjinaluri 

[ingl. marginal] _ (ekon.). zRvar- 

Tan axlos arsebuli, TiTqmis 

sazaralo; kritikuli. 

marjini [ingl. margin] _ produqciis 

gayidvidan miRebul 

fulsa da masSi gadaxdil 

Tanxas Soris sxvaoba; mogeba. 

masmedia [ingl. massmedia] _ 

komunikaciis masobrivi saSualebebi 

(presa, radio-televizia). 

mafia [laT. maffia] _ 

(samarT.). farulad organizebuli, 

jgufuri damnaSaveoba, 

erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli 

danaSaulebrivi jgufebi, romlebic 

saxelmwifos korumpirebuli 

moxeleebisa da organoebis 

mxardaWeriT sargebloben.

maqsimalizmi [laT. maximus 

_ udidesi] _ (polit.). raime 

ukiduresi moTxovnis wamoyeneba; 

gadaWarbebuloba. 

maqsimumi [laT. maximum] _ 

yvelaze meti raodenoba 

risame. (sapirisp. minimumi). 

mega [berZ. megas _ didi] _ 

didi zomis, uzarmazari. megapolisi 

_ Tanamedrove uzarmazari 

qalaqi; megaekonomika _ 

msoflio ekonomika. 

mediatori [laT. mediator _ 

Suamavali] _ (samarT.). momrigebeli, 

Suakaci. 

medio [laT. medio _ 

Suaguli] _ sabirJo garigebis 

Sesrulebis vada, romelic 

Tvis Sua ricxvSi dgeba. 

mezo [berZ. mesos _ Sua, 

saSualo] _ Sualeduri. 

meTodi [berZ. methodos] _ 

xerxi, wesi, wesebis sistema 

raime moRvaweobaSi. 

meloni _ (ekon.). gasanawileblad 

gankuTvnili maRali 

mogeba. 

mesie, musie _ (dipl). safrangeTSi: 

zrdilobiani mimar- 

Tvis forma mamakacisadmi. 

iwereba (warmoiTqmis) gvaris 

win. 

memorandumi [laT. memorandum 

_ rac unda gvaxsovdes] 

_ diplomatiuri dokumenti, 

romelSic Camoyalibebulia 

raime sakiTxis faqtobrivi an 

iuridiuli analizi, saxelmwifos 

oficialuri pozicia, 

Tvalsazrisi; mokle Canaweri. 

45 

menejeri [ingl. manage _ 

marTva, ufrosi, patroni] _ 

profesionali mmarTveli. 

menejmenti [ingl. management] 

_ xelmZRvanelobis, marTvis 

kompleqsuri sistema. 

merkantilizmi [ital. 

mercante vaWari] _ XVI_XVIII 

saukuneebis ekonomikuri Teoria, 

romlis Tanaxmad mTavar 

rols ekonomikaSi, mogebis 

SeqmnaSi mimoqcevis sfero 

asrulebs, xolo eris simdidre 

fuliT ganisazRvreba. 

merkantiluri _ (gadat.). 

vaWruli, angarebiani. 

merCandaizingi [ingl. 

merchandissing] _ sacalo 

savaWro qselSi saqonlis 

gasayidad momzadeba (savaWro 

daxlebis gawyoba, vitrinebis 

gaformeba da sxv.). 

meta [ital. meta] _ garigebis 

iseTi piroba, roca mxareebi 

mogebasa da zarals Tanabrad 

iyofen. 

mecenati _ mecnierebisa da 

xelovnebis mdidari mfarveli 

(romaeli politikuri moRvawis 

mecenatis saxelis mixedviT). 

migranti [laT. migrans] _ 

adamiani, romelic sacxovreblad 

gadadis erTi adgilidan 

meoreSi. 

migracia mosaxleobis [laT. 

migratio] _ adamianTa gadaadgileba. 

mikroekonomika [berZ. mikros 

_ mcire] _ ekonomikuri mecnierebis 

nawili, romelic

sawarmoebis (firmebis) masStabiT 

mimdinare ekonomikur 

procesebsa da movlenebs 

swavlobs. 

miks-fondi [ingl. mixed _ 

Sereuli] _ iseTi investiciuri 

fondi, romelic 

finansebs moZrav da uZrav 

qonebaSi abandebs. 

minimumi [laT. minimum] _ 

yvelaze naklebi raodenoba 

risame. (sapirisp. maqsimumi). 

mister _ (dipl.). inglisSi, 

aSS-Si, CineTSi, koreaSi: 

zrdilobiani mimarTvis forma 

mamakacisadmi. iwereba (warmoiTqmis) 

gvaris win. 

modelireba ekonomikuri 

[laT-dan moditus, frang. modelle 

_ zoma, nimuSi] _ ekonomikuri 

obieqtebisa da procesebis 

kvlavwarmoeba SezRudul, 

sacdel formebSi. 

modernizacia [frang. 

moderne _ uaxlesi] _ (ekon.). 

raimes srulyofa, gaumjobeseba, 

ganaxleba, axal teqnikur 

pirobebTan da xarisxobriv 

moTxovnebTan Sesabamisoba. 

modifikacia [laT. modificatio 

_ cvlileba] _ (ekon.). progresuli 

cvlilebebis Setana, 

warmoebis teqnologiis gaumjobeseba, 

saxeSecvlili modelis 

Seqmna. 

modus-vivendi [laT. modus 

vivendi _ cxovrebis wesi] _ 

(dipl.). 1. faqtobrivi vitareba, 

Seqmnili mdgomareoba, 

misi aRiareba; arsebobis saSualeba. 

2. arsebuli pirobebi, 

46 

romlebic modave mxareTa 

Soris droebiT iZleva normaluri, 

mSvidobiani urTier- 

Tobis saSualebas. 

modus-procedendi [laT. 

modus procedendi _ qcevis wesi] _ 

diplomatiur praqtikaSi niSnavs, 

Tu rogor unda warimarTos 

saqmianoba, romelic 


moTxovnebs Seesabameba. 

monarqi [berZ. monarchos] _ 

saxelmwifos erTpirovnuli 

mmarTveli (mefe, imperatori 

da sxv.). 

moneta [laT. moneta] _ 

liTonisagan (oqro, vercxli 

da sxv.) damzadebuli fulis 

niSani. 

monitoringi [laT. monitor _ 

Semxsenebeli] _ raime movlenis 

uwyveti meTvalyureoba 

da analizi. 

monopolia [berZ. monõpilia] 

_ 1. ekonomikuri situacia, 

rode-sac erTi piri an 

kompania akontrolebs mTel 

bazars produqciis miwodebaSi. 

2. (gadat.). upiratesoba, 

pirveloba raime saqmeSi. 

monopo-lizacia _ monopoliis 

damyareba. 

monopsonia [ingl. monopsony] 

_ (ekon.). situacia, rodesac 

erTi piri an kompania 

akontrolebs mTel SesyidviT 

saqmianobas garkveul bazarze. 

moratoriumi [laT. moratorius 

_ Semakavebeli] _ 1. saer- 

TaSoriso samarTlis subieqtTa 

SeTanxmeba raime qmedebi-

sagan gansazRvruli an ganusazRvreli 

vadiT TavSekavebaze. 

2. (ekon.). aRebuli 

valdebulebebis Sesrulebis 

gadavadeba gansazRvruli 

dro-iT raime pirobis Sesrulebamde 

an sagangebo mdgomareobis 

(mag., omis, stiqiuri 

ubedurebis) gamo. 

motivacia [frang. motif] _ 

(ekon., samarT.). 1. visime ganzraxva 

saqmianobisadmi raime 

miznis misaRwevad. 2. raime 

moqmedebis, saqcielis gamomwvevi 

mizezi. 

municipaliteti [germ. 

Munizipalität] _ adgilobrivi 

TviTmmarTvelobis (qalaqis) 

organo. 

mutadis mutandis [laT. 

mutatis mutandis _ aucilebeli 

SesworebebiTa da cvlilebebiT] 

_ (dipl.). saerTaSoriso 

samarTlebriv aqtebSi gamoyenebuli 

termini. niSnavs: 

Secvlas imisa, rac aucileblad 

Sesacvlelia; Sesabamisi 

gansxvavebebis gaTvaliswinebas; 

cvlilebas, romelic 

gamomdinareobs arsebuli garemoebebidan. 

nazdaq-i [ingl. NASDAQ _ 

National Association of Securities 

Dealers Automatic Quotations] _ 

fasiani qaRaldebis dilerebis 

erovnuli asociaciis avtomatizebuli 

kotirebis sistema 

aSS-Si. 

n 

47 

nano [berZ. juja] _ raime 

sididis memiliardedi nawili 

(10-9). 

nanoteqnologia _ atomebisa 

da molekulebis manipulirebis, 

SekavSirebisa da 

mowesrigebis gziT 1 dan 100 

nm-mde zomis funqcionalurad 

gamosadegi xelsawyoebis, masalebisa 

da sistemebis Seqmna. 

nanoteqnologia farTo gagebiT 

gamoiyeneba da moicavs 

nanomecnierebasac, rogorc 

mecnierebaTa sxvadasxva dargebSi 

nanomimarTulebiT dagrovebul 

sistematizebul 

codnas. termini nanoteqnologia 

1974 wels pirvelad gamoiyena 

iaponelma profesorma 

norio taniguCim. 

naturalizacia [laT. 

naturalis _ bunebrivi] _ saxelmwifos 

mier moqalaqeobis 

miniWeba ucxoelis an moqalaqeobis 

armqone pirisaTvis 

misi Txovnis safuZvelze. 

naturaluri [laT. naturalis _ 

bunebiTi] _ namdvili; bunebrivi; 

Cveulebrivi; normaluri; 

gasagebi. 

nacia [laT. natio] _ eri. 

nacionalizacia [frang. 

nationnalisatio] _ (ekon., samarT.). 

kerZo sakuTrebis gasxviseba 

an gadacema saxelmwifo 

sakuTrebaSi. 

nacionalizmi [ingl. nationalism] 

_ (polit.). sakuTari qveynis 

damoukideblobis survili. 

nacionalisti _ qveynis

damoukideblobis msurveli 

adamiani. 

nacionaluri _ erovnuli; 

saxalxo; saqveyno. Nnacionaluri 

reJimi _ samarTlebrivi 

reJimis saxe, romelic vrceldeba 

mocemuli saxelmwifos 

teritoriaze myof sxva qveynis 

fizikur da iuridiul pirebze. 

negatiuri [laT. negativis] _ 

uaryofiTi. (sapirisp. pozitiuri). 

negocianti [laT. negotians _ 

vaWari] _ biTumad movaWre, 

komersanti, romelic msxvil, 

ZiriTadad, saerTaSoriso savaWro 

operaciebs axorcielebs. 

neitraliteti [germ. Neutralität] 

_ saerTaSoriso samar- 

TalSi: saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli 

saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi 

statusi; saxelmwifos 

iseTi mdgomareoba, rodesac 

igi ar monawileobs omSi da 

meomari saxelmwifoebis mimarT 

erTnairi pozicia ukavia. 

neo [< berZ. neos _ axali] _ 

rTuli sityvis pirveli Semadgeneli 

nawili; niSnavs axals. 

mag., neorealizmi, neopolitika 

da sxv. 

nepotizmi [laT. nepos _ 

STamomavali] _ (gadat.). 

Tanamdebobis pirTa mier 

TavianTi naTesavebis mfarveloba; 

`naTlimamoba~. 

neto [laT. netto] _ saqonlis 

wminda wona safuTavis gareSe. 

(sapirisp. bruto); saqonlis 

48 

fasi fasdaklebis gareSe; 

wminda Semosavali xarjebis 

gamoklebiT. 

nivelireba [frang. niveler] _ 

(gadat.). gansxvavebis mospoba. 

niuansi [frang. nuance] _ sul 

mcire gansxvaveba rameSi. 

nius-meikeri [ingl. newsmakers 

_ axlis mkeTebeli] _ 

mecnierebisa da praqtikuli 

saqmianobis moRvawe, romelsac 

sazogadoebriv-ekonomikur movlenaTa 

msvlelobaze arsebiTi 

gavlena aqvs. 

nius-reliz [ingl. newsreleasa] 

_ xelSekrulebis 

dadebis dros gamoyenebuli 

masalebi saqonlis an TviT 

kompaniis Sesaxeb. 

novacia [laT. novatio _ 

ganaxleba] _ 1. arsebuli 

teqnikis Secvla. 2. samoqalaqo 

samarTalSi: mxareebis SeTanxmeba 

maT mier nakisri valdebulebebis 

meoreTi Secvlis 

Sesaxeb. 

nominaluri [laT. nominalis] _ 

1. saxelobiTi: fasis amosavali 

mniSvneloba; fulis, 

fasiani qaRaldis nominaluri 

Rirebuleba (miTiTebuli 

fulis niSanze, fasian qaRaldze). 

2. simboluri; pirobiTi. 

nominacia [laT. nominatio] _ 

saxelis darqmeva; kandidatis 

dasaxeleba, wamoyeneba. 

nonsensi [ingl. nonsense] _ 

uazroba, sisulele. 

norma [laT. norma] _ 

(samarT.). dakanonebuli, dawe-

sebuli, savaldebulod aRiarebuli 

wesi. 

normativi [laT. normatio] _ 

universaluri, farTod gavrcelebuli 

norma. 

nosro-konto [ital. nostro 

conto _ `Cveni angariSi~] _ 

bankis sakorespondento angariSebi, 

romelTa mixedviTac 

sruldeba yvela operacia 

bankis davalebaTa Sesasruleblad 

korespondentis mier. 

nota [laT. nota, ingl. note _ 

niSani, SeniSvna] _ oficialuri 

diplomatiuri werilobiTi 

mimarTva erTi saxelmwifosi 

meorisadmi. 

notabene [laT. nota _ niSani 

bene _ `SeniSne kargad~] _ 

SeniSvna teqstSi im adgilas, 

romelzedac surT yuradRebis 

gamaxvileba (xSirad sityvis 

magier iwereba asoebi NB). 

notariati [laT. notarius] _ 

samsaxuri, romelic iuridiulad 

adasturebs sxvadasxva 

iuridiul aqts (xelSekruleba, 

anderZi, mindobileba da 

misT.), dokumentebis aslebsa 

da maTze xelmowerebis 

namdvilobas. 

notariusi [laT. notarius _ 

mwerali, mdivani] _ Tanamdebobis 

piri, romlis movaleobaa 

sxvadasxvagvari iuridiuli 

aqtebis (xelSekruleba, 

mindobiloba da misT.) 

damowmeba, gaformeba. 

notisi [ingl. notice] _ 

uwyeba, Setyobineba; werilobiTi 

Setyobineba imis Sesaxeb, 

49 

rom gemi mzadaa datvirTva an 

gadmotvirTvisaTvis. 

notifikacia [laT. notifico 

gauwyeb, vacxadeb] _ 1. (dipl.). 

diplomatiur da saxelSekrulebo 

praqtikaSi: Setyobinebis 

gavrcelebuli forma, romelic 

xorcieldeba saxelmwifos 

sagareo uwyebis, diplomatiuri 

(sakonsulo) warmomadgenlis, 

saerTaSoriso 

organizaciis an misi Tanamdebobis 

piris mier notis an 

sxva dokumentis gagzavnis 

saSualebiT. 2. (ekon.). Setyobineba, 

romelsac Tamasuqis 

mflobeli ugzavnis mis 

gamcems Tamasuqis gaprotestebis 

Sesaxeb. 

nou-hau [ingl. Know-how _ 

vici rogor] _ mecnierulteqnikuri, 

teqnologiuri, 

komerciuli, menejmenturi an 

sxva saxis siaxle, romelic 

sazogadoebisaTvis ucnobia. 

nuvoriSi [frang. nouveau riche 

_ axali mdidari] _ swrafad 

gamdidrebuli adamiani, mdidari 

metiCara, romelic gasulia 

sazogadoebis maRal fenebSi. 

nulifikacia [laT. nullificatio 

_ mospoba < nullius _ araviTari] 

_ iuridiuli dokumentisaTvis 

kanonierebis CamorTmeva; 

fulis niSnebisa da fasiani 

qaRaldebis mimarT _ maTi 

gauqmeba. 

numizmatika [laT. numisma _ 

moneta] _ mecniereba, romelic 

swavlobs liTonis fulis 

warmoSobas.

nuncia, nunciusi [ital. 

nunzio, laT. nuntius] _ vatikanis 

diplomatiuri warmomadgeneli 

im saxelmwifoSi, romelTanac 

damyarebuli aqvs diplomatiuri 

urTierTobebi. 

o 

obieqturi [laT. objectum _ 

sagani, objectivus _ sagnobrivi] 

_ 1. rac Cveni cnobierebis 

gareT, misgan damoukideblad 

arsebobs. 2. miukerZoebeli. 3. 

Sefasebuli saerTo poziciidan 

da ara dainteresebuli 

pirebis mxridan. 

obligacia [laT. obligatio _ 

valdebuleba] _ (finans.). 

fasiani qaRaldi erT 

warmomdgenze, romelic Semosavals 

iZleva mogebis an 

procentis saxiT; aucileblad 

gasanaRdebeli valdebuleba. 

obligo [ital. obbligo _ 

valdebuleba] _ (finans.). 1. 

firmis davalianebaTa jami 

Tamasuqebis mixedviT. 2. bankSi 

arsebuli piradi angariSebis 

davTari, romelSic SeaqvT 

calkeul pirTa davalianeba 

Tamasuqebis mixedviT. 

obstruqcia [laT. obstructio _ 

Seferxeba, dabrkoleba] _ 

sxdomis (mag., parlamentis), 

krebis, visime gamosvlis CaSla 

wamoZaxilebiT, xmauriT, 

grZeli, usagno sityviT da 

misT. obstruqciuli _ 

winaaRmdegobis Semqmneli. 

50 

odiozuri [laT. odiosus _ 

saZulveli] _ vinc an rac 

uaryofiT damokidebulebas 

iwvevs; metismetad usiamovno, 

arasasurveli. 

ovaluri ofisi [ingl. Oval 

Office] _ aSS-is prezidentis 

personaluri kabineti TeTr 

saxlSi. 

òverboti~ [ingl. overbought 

_ Warbi gayidva] _ (ekon.). 

raime saqonelze fasebis 

mkveTri zrda am saqonelze 

moTxovnis mniSvnelovani 

gadidebis gamo. 

overdrafti [ingl. overdraft 

_ zegegmiT] _ (finans.). bankis 

moklevadiani kreditis saxeoba, 

roca gadasaxdelis 

sidide aWarbebs saxsrebis 

naSTs klientis angariSze. 

òversoldi~ [ingl. oversold 

_ Warbi miwodeba] _ raime 

saqonelze fasebis mkveTri 

dacema bazarze am saqonlis 

didi miwodebis gamo. 

òvertaimi~ [ingl. overtime _ 

vadis zeviT] _ saqonlis 

CatirTva-gadmotvirTvis arasamuSao, 

zedmet droSi, romelic 

gadidebuli tarifiT 

nazRaurdeba. 

okei! [ingl. okay!] _ 

dasturis SeZaxili] _ kargi! 

ki batono! aris! 

okupacia [laT. occupatio] _ 

romelime saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli 

Zalebis mier sxva 

qveynis teritoriis droebiT 

dakaveba.

oligarqia [berZ. oligarchia, 

olios _ mcirericxovani da arche 

_ batonoba] _ saxelmwifo 

mmarTvelobaSi adamianTa mcire 

jgufis politikuri da 

ekonomikuri batonoba. 

oligopolia [berZ. oligos _ 

patara da pōleō _ vyidi] _ 

(ekon.). raime saqonlis warmoebasa 

da vaWrobaSi ramdenime 

msxvili firmis batonoba. 

oligopsonia [berZ. oligos _ 

patara da psonia _ yidva] _ 

(ekon.). situacia bazarze, 

roca saqonlis gamyidvelebi 

(mwarmoeblebi) myidvelebze 

mniSvnelovnad metia. 

ombudsmeni [ingl. ombudsman] 

_ saparlamento rwmunebuli, 

oficialuri piri, romelic 

ganixilavs sazogadoebis 

saCivrebs samTavrobo departamentebis 

Tu sxva msxvili 

organizaciebis mimarT. 

omologacia [ingl. omologatio] 

_ (ekon.). raime saqonlis 

teqnikur-ekonomikuri parametrebis 

am saqonlis momxmarebeli 

qveynis stantartebTan 

da CveulebebTan SesabamisobaSi 

moyvana. 

onkoli [ingl. on call _ 

moTxovnisTanave] _ (finans.). 1. 

specialuri mimdinare angariSi, 

romelsac xsnian bankebi 

im pirobiT, rom sesxi daifareba 

yovel momentSi erTerTi 

mxaris (bankis an 

klientis) moTxovniT. 2. safondo 

birJaze fasiani gayidvis 

51 

erT-erTi forma; zaramde, 

gamoZaxilemde. 

onkoluri garigeba _ 

sabazro situacia safondo 

birJaze, roca fasiani qaRaldis 

fasi myidvelis moTxovnamde 

ar fiqsirdeba. 

on-laini [ingl. on-line _ 

xazze] _ sakredito baraTis 

emitentis kompiuterTan pirdapiri 

da uSualo kavSiri, 

romelic garigebis dadebis 

momentSi am baraTis gamoyenebiT 

xorcieldeba. 

operacia [laT. operatio _ 

qmedeba] _ universaluri 

termini, romelic aRniSnavs 

saqmianobis raime saxeobas. 

mag., ekonomikuri (maT Soris, 

komerciuli, menejmenturi, 

finansuri da misT.), iuridiuli 

da sxv. 

opozicia [laT. oppositio _ 

dapirispireba] _ 1. vinmes 

winaaRmdeg qmedeba, winaaRmdegoba. 

2. udidesi politikuri 

partia, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba 

mTavrobas. 

oponenti [laT. opponens _ 

vinc ekamaTeba visme] _ 

(polit.). sawinaaRmdego azris 

mqone piri. 

oportunizmi [laT. 

opportunus _ sargebliani] _ 

(polit.). molaparakebis dros 

xelSemkvreli mxaris miswrafeba 

ise Camoayalibos SeTanxmebis 

piroba, rom upiratesobas 

miaRwios partniorTan 

mimarTebaSi, gadaakisros mas 

danaxarjebis didi nawili.

optacia [laT. optatio _ 

arCevani, survili] _ (samarT.). 

moqalaqeobis amorCeva; aseTi 

ufleba eniWeba im teritoriis 

mosaxleobas, romelic erTi 

saxelmwifodan meoris mflobelobaSi 

gadadis. 

optimaluroba [laT. optimus 

_ saukeTeso] _ yvelaze xelsayreli, 

Sesaferi; ekonomikuri 

qcevisa da qmedebis 

saukeTeso varianti. 

oratori [laT. orator] _ (polit.). 

1. piri, romelic 

sajarod warmoTqvams sityvas. 

2. adamiani, romelsac exerxeba 

sajarod sityvebis warmoTqma; 

mWevrmetyveli. 

organizacia [laT. organiso _ 

vaZlev mwyobr saxeobas] _ 1. 

sistemaSi moyvana, mowesrigeba, 

mowyoba. 2. mmarTvelobis 

Semadgeneli nawili. 3. adamianTa 

gaerTianebis forma; 

dawesebuleba. 

organoleptikuri [berZ. 

organon _ organo da leptikos _ 

SemsunTqveli] _ uSualod 

gemoTi, ynosviT, mxedvelobiT 

Semowmebuli. 

orderi [germ. Order < frang _ 

rigi, wesi] _ brZaneba werilobiTi 

formiT, dokumenti, 

romelic mis mflobels raime 

qmedebis (mag., fulis an 

saqonlis miReba, damnaSavis 

dapatimreba da sxv.) ganxorcielebis 

uflebas aZlevs. 

ordinaruli [laT. ordinalis] 

_ rigiTi, rigobrivi] _ rac 

52 

arafriT ar gamoirCeva; Cveulebrivi. 

orTodoqsuli [berZ. Orthodoxos 

_ marTlmorwmune] _ 

raime moZRvrebis, Sexedulebis 

ganuxrelad mimdevari; Tanamimdevruli. 

originali [laT. originalis _ 

Tavdapirveli] _ raime dokumentis 

Tavdapirveli, ZiriTadi 

egzemplari; dedani. 

orientacia [laT. orientation] 

_ ekonomikuri an iuridiuli 

subieqtis qmedebis garkveuli 

mimarTulebis amorCeva. 

oferenti, oferori _ 

winadadebis gamgzavni fizikuri 

an iuridiuli piri. 

oferti [laT. offertus _ 

SeTavazebuli] _ sityvieri an 

werilobiTi formiT SeTavazebuli 

winadadeba raime xel- 

Sekrulebis dadebis Sesaxeb. 

ofisi [ingl. office] _ 

saerTaSoriso organizaciis, 

firmis oficialuri Stab-bina, 

Senoba, sadac imyofeba oficialuri 

warmomadgenloba, misi 

xelmZRvaneloba. 

oficialuri [laT. officialis _ 

Tanamdebobrivi] _ xelisuflebis, 

administraciis an 

Tanamdebobis piris mier 

dadgenili, maTgan momdinare. 

mag., oficialuri dokumenti. 2. 

mTavrobis sabuTebis, saqmiani 

qaRaldebis damaxasiaTebeli. 

mag., oficialuri stili. 3. 

rac yvela wesis, yvela 

formalobis dacviT xdeba. 

mag., oficialuri miwveva. 4.

(gadat.). ubraloebas moklebuli; 

TavSekavebuli. mag., oficialuri 

urTierToba. 

ofcioni [laT. optio _ 

arCeva, survili, neba] _ arCevis 

ufleba, romelic miiReba 

garkveuli gasamrjeloTi; vinmesTvis 

SeTavazeba kontraqtis 

mogvianebiT dadebasTan dakav- 

SirebiT; xelSekrulebis monawilisaTvis 

garkveuli variantis 

SerCevis ufleba. SeTanxmeba, 

romelic birJaze yidvagayidvis 

garigebis erT-erT 

mxares aZlevs xelSekrulebis 

alternatiul pirobebs Soris 

amorCevis uflebas; molaparakebis 

pirobebis Tanaxmad, erTerTi 

mxarisaTvis miniWebuli 

ufleba amoirCios mis mier 

miRebuli movaleobis Sesrulebis 

wesebi, formebi, moculoba 

an TviT uaris Tqmac 

valdebulebis Sesrulebaze 

SeTanxmebiT gansazRvrul 

garemoebaTa warmoSobisas. 

ofSori [ingl. off-shore] _ 

napirs gareT, sanapirodan 

daSorebiT, Ria zRvaSi; komerciuli 

saqmianobis organizaciis 

specifikuri forma. 

specialuri ekonomikuri 

zonis erT-erTi saxeoba. 

ofSoruli zona _ 

konkretuli saxelmwifo an 

misi teritoriis nawili, 

sadac ararezidentebisaTvis 

(droebiT mcxovrebi ucxoelebi) 

mimzidveli (keTilsasurveli)ekonomikur-samarTlebrivi 

reJimebia dawesebuli. 

53 

`pablik-rileiSnz~ [ingl. 

public relations _ sazogadoebrivi 

kavSirebi] _ sazogadoebriv 

organizaciebs Soris arakomerciuli 

kavSirebis sistema, 

masmediis saSualebebiT sazogadoebriv 

Sexedulebaze zemoqmedeba. 

pablisiti [ingl. publisity _ 

sajarooba] _ marketinguli 

RonisZiebebiT (saqonlis reklama, 

myidvelTa materialuri 

stimulireba, suvenirebis 

darigeba, nimuSebis iafad 

gayidva da sxv.) momxreblebze 

zemoqmedeba; propaganda. 

paTetikuri [berZ. pathētikos] 

_ paTosiT aRsavse; amaRlebuli. 

paTosi [berZ. pathos] _ 

aRfrTovaneba, aRmafrena, 

mgznebareba. 

pai [Turq. pay _ wili] _ 

(ekon., finans.). fizikuri an 

iuridiuli piris mier raime 

saerTo saqmeSi TiToeulis 

mier Setanili wili. 

paketi [germ. Paket] _ aq: 

sakontrolo paketi _ (finans.). 

saaqcio sazogadoebis aqciebis 

saerTo raodenobis umetesi 

nawili (Cve-lebriv, 50%-s + 1 

xma), romelic mis mesakuTres 

am sazogadoebis menejmentSi 

gadamwyveti xmis uflebas 

aZlevs. 

palata [laT. palatium _ 

sasaxle] _ 1. zogierT qveyanaSi 

umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo 

p

organo an misi erT-erTi 

sakanonmdeblo instancia, 

Semadgeneli nawili (mag., qveda 

palata, zeda palata, TemTa 

palata, lordTa palata). 2. 

saxelmwifo struqtura, dawesebuleba 

(mag., kontrolis 

palata, wignis palata, savaWro 

palata da sxv.). 

pan [ingl. pan] _ prefiqsi, 

romelic niSnavs sayovelTaos, 

sruliads. mag., panamerikuli 

da sxv. 

pandeqtebi [laT pandectae < 

berZ.] _ igivea, rac digestebi. 

panegiriki [berZ. panēgyrikos] 

_ 1. oratoris saxotbo sityva 

visime pativsacemad. 2. (gadat.). 

visime gadaWarbebuli qebadideba. 

panika [berZ. panikos] _ 

uecari SiSi, Zrwola, Tavzari, 

romelic Seipyrobs calkeul 

adamians an xalxs; aseTi 

SiSiT gamowveuli saerTo 

mRelvareba, areuloba. 

paradoqsi [berZ. paradoxos] _ 

ucnauri, moulodneli] _ 

sayovelTaod aRiarebulisagan 

mkveTrad, sapirispirod gansxvavebuli 

azri. 

paraziti [berZ. parazitos] _ 

aq: (gadat.). adamiani, romelic 

sxvisi SromiT cxovrobs; 

muqTaxora. 

paraleli [berZ. parallēlos] _ 

aq: movlena, romelic SeiZleba 

sxva analogiur movlenas 

Seedaros. 

paralizeba [frang. paralyser] 

_ (gadat.). (ekon., samarT.). 

54 

moqmedebis unaris an saSualebis 

dakargva. 

parametri [berZ. parametreõ _ 

vufardeb] _ raime sagnis an 

movlenis ZiriTadi Tvisebebis 

damaxasiaTebeli sidide an 

sidideebi. 

parafireba [frang. parapher _ 

Semoklebuli xelmowera] _ 

(dipl.). saerTaSorisi xelSekrulebis 

(an misi calkeuli 

muxlebis) winaswari xelmowera, 

inicialebis aRniSvniT, 

molaparakebis mxareTa uflebamosili 

warmomadgenlebis 

mier xelSekrulebis teqstze 

Tanxmobis niSnad. 

pariteti [laT. paritas _ 

Tanasworoba] _ 1. (ekon.). 

sxvadasxva qveynis valutis 

Sefardeba oqroTi. 2. sxvadasxva 

subieqtebis uflebebisa 

da movaleobebis tolfasovnoba. 

3. (samarT.). mxareTa 

Tanasworobis principi uTanxmoebis, 

konfliqtis garCevisas. 

4. saerTaSoriso urTier- 

TobebSi _ molaparakebis warmoeba 

mxareTa Tanasworobis 

safuZvelze, rac gamoxatavs 

molaparakebis monawileTa 

SeTanxmebas, gaiTvaliswinon 

erTmaneTis interesebi da 

dadon urTierTmisaRebi xel- 

Sekruleba. 

paritetuli _ (samarT.). 

mxareTa Tanasworobaze dafuZnebuli. 

parlamenti [frang. parlament] 

_ qveynis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi 

organo, romelic

axorcielebs sakanonmdeblo 

xelisuflebas. 

parlamentarizmi _ (polit.). 


sistema, romlis saTaveSi 

parlamentia. 

paroli [frang. parole _ 

sityva] _ winaswar daTqmuli 

saidumlo sityva an fraza, 

romelsac rig organizaciebSi 

an viTarebaSi Tavisianebis 

gamosacnobad iyeneben. 

partia [frang. parti] _ 

(polit.). saerTo miznebiT, 

interesebiT, gaerTianebul 

pirTa jgufi. 

partikularizmi [laT. 

particularis _ nawilobrivi, 

calkeuli] _ (polit.). 1. 

saxelmwifos zogierTi nawilis 

miswrafeba gancalkevebisakensaerTo-saxelmwifoebrivi 

interesebis sazianod. 

2. (ekon.). kerZo; kerZooba. 

partnioroba [ingl. 

partnership] _ fizikuri an 

iuridiuli pirebis erToblivi 

saqmianobis organizaciis 

iuridiuli forma; partniori 

_ Tanamonawile raime saqmianobaSi. 

pasivebi _ fizikuri an 

iuridiuli piris mimarT 

wayenebuli yvela oficialuri 

moTxovna. 

pasivi [laT. passivus _ 

umoqmedo] _ 1. (buxhalt.). 

firmis valebisa da valdebulebebis 

erToblioba. (sapirisp. 

aqtivi). 2. (gadat.). risame 

uaryofiTi mxare. 

55 

pasiuri [laT. passivus] _ 

umoqmedoba, sizante, araenergiuloba. 

(sapirisp. aqtiuri). 

paskvili [ital. Pasquill] _ 

cilismwamebluri, Seuracxmyofeli 

sityva an werili, 

nawarmoebi. 

pasporti [frang. passeport] _ 

visime piradobis, moqalaqeobis 

damadasturebeli dokumenti. 

patenti [laT. litteral patentes _ 

aRmoCena, sigeli] _ 1. mowmoba, 

romelic adasturebs gamomgoneblis 

gansakuTrebul 

uflebas, avtorobas gamogonebaze. 

2. mowmoba, romelic 

iZleva nebarTvas raime 

saxeobis saqmianobis (vaWroba, 

rewva) Sesaxeb. 

paternalizmi [laT. paternus 

_ mamobrivi] _ (polit.). vinmes 

mimarT mfarvelobiTi damokidebuleba. 

patrimonialuri [laT. 

patrimonialis] _ (samarT.). 

memkvidreobiTi, gvarovnuli. 

patriotizmi [berZ. patriõt _ 

Tanamemamule] _ Tavisi samSoblos 

moyvaruli, erTguli 

adamiani. 

pauperizmi [laT. pauper _ 

Raribi] _ (ekon.). masiuri 

gaRatakeba, rasac ganapirobebs 

Zalian dabali Semosavlebi, 

umuSevroba. 

pauSaluri [germ. pauschale] _ 

(finans.). mTliani gadasaxdeli 

Tanxa; licenziis gayidvis 

fasi.

paqta sunt servanda [laT. 

pacta sunt servanda _ xel- 

Sekruleba unda sruldebodes] 

_ saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

erT-erTi ZiriTadi principi, 

romlis Tanaxmad mxareebma 

keTilsindisierad unda Seasrulon 


valdebulebebi. 

paqti [laT. pactum _ 

SeTanxmeba] _ (samarT.). 

ormxrivi (mravalmxrivi) saer- 

TaSoriso xelSekrulebis 

saxelwodeba, Cveulebriv didi 

politikuri mniSvnelobisa 

(mag., saxelmwifoTa Tavdausxmelobis, 

koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis 

da misT.). 

pacifizmi [laT. pacificus _ 

samSvidobo] _ liberaluri 

mimdinareoba, romlis monawileebi 

yovelgvari omebis (maT 

Soris, samarTliani) winaaRmdeg 

ilaSqreben da maT 

aRkveTas samSvidobo manifestaciebiT 

cdiloben. emxrobian 

saxelmwifoTa Soris wamoWrili 

davebis saerTaSoriso 

samediatoro sasamarTloebis 

gziT gadawyvetas. 

pensia [laT. pansio _ gadaxda] 

_ fuladi daxmareba, 

romelsac regularulad 

iReben moqalaqeebi kanoniT 

dadgenil SemTxvevebSi (asaki, 

invalidoba da sxv.). 

persona grata [laT. persona 

grata _ sasurveli piri] _ 

diplomati, romlis daniSvnis 

Taobaze aucileblad gacemulia 

adgilsamyofeli saxelmwifos 

Tanxmoba (agremani). 

56 

(sapirisp. persona non grata _ 

arasasurveli piri). 

plebisciti [laT. plebiscitum; 

plebs _ ubralo xalxi, scitum _ 

gadawyvetileba] _ kenWisyris 

meSveobiT raime sakiTxze 

mosaxleobis azris gamokiTxvis 

erT-erTi saSualeba. (ix. 

agreTve referendumi). 

pluralizmi [ingl. pluralism] 

_ (polit.). sistema, sadac 

nebadarTulia sxvadasxva 

politikuri Tu religiuri 

jgufebis Tanaarseboba erT 

sazogadoebaSi. 

polisi [berZ. polis, frang. 

polisie, ital polizza _ qviTari] 

_ (ekon.). sicocxlis, qonebis 

da sxvaTa dazRvevis mowmoba, 

xelSekruleba. 

politika [berZ. politika] _ 1. 

qveynis marTvis xelovneba, 

meTodi. 2. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis, 

partiis an sazogadoebrivi 

jgufis moRvaweoba 

Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi marTvisa 

da saerTaSoriso urTierTobis 

dargSi. politikosi 

_ politikur cxovrebaSi 

CarTuli piri. 2. (gadat.). 

moqmedeba risame misaRwevad; 

sxva adamianebTan urTierToba, 

damokidebuleba. 

poluteri [ingl. polluter] _ 

piri an kompania, romelic 

garemos abinZurebs. 

populisti [laT. populus _ 

xalxi] _ piri, romelsac 

miaCnia, rom ubralo xalxs 

mTavrobaSi meti uflebebi 

unda hqondes.

porto-franko [ital. portofranco 

_ Tavisufali porti] _ 

navsadguris teritoriis nawili, 

sadac nebadarTulia 

saqonlis ubaJod Setanagatana. 

portfeli [frang. portefeuill, 

portfer _ tareba, feuille _ 

furceli] _ krebsiTi cneba, 

romelic niSnavs: 1. ekonomikuri 

saqmianobis aRmniSvneli 

dokumentebis erTobliobas. 

2. (gadat.). Tanamdebobas 

(mag., ministris portfeli). 

preambula [frang. preambule _ 

Sesavali] _ saerTaSoriso 

xelSekrulebis Sesavali nawili, 

romelSic CamoTvlilia 

xelSekrulebis mxareebi, misi 

dadebis motivebi, miznebi, 

amocanebi da principebi. 

prevalireba [ingl. prevail] _ 

Warboba; batonoba; daZleva; 

upiratesi Zalis qona. 

prevenciuli, preventuli 

[laT. praeventus _ gamafrTxilebeli, 

damcveli] _ 

(samarT.). winaswari zomebis 

mireba risame Tavidan asacileblad; 

profilaqtikuri. 

prezentacia [laT. presentatio] 

_ (ekon.). warmodgena, wardgena. 

prezidenti [laT. praesidens _ 

TavSi mjdomi] _ 1. respublikuri 

mmarTvelobis umetes 

qveynebSi saxelmwifos meTauri. 

2. zogierTi dawesebulebis 

(firma, kompania, sazogadoeba) 

xelmZRvaneli. 

prezumfcia [laT. praesumptio] 

_ (samarT.). 1. is, rasac 

57 

faqtebze dayrdnobiT varaudoben. 

2. raime faqtis 

aRiareba sarwmunod, sanam ar 

damtkicdeba misi mcdaroba. 

udanaSaulobis prezumfcia _ 

danaSaulis damtkicebamde 

braldebulis aRiareba udana- 

Saulod. 

preiskuranti [frang. prix _ 

fasi da courant _ mimdinare] _ 

saqonelze an momsaxurebaze 

fasebis krebuli, cnobari. 

preiudiciuri [frang. 

prejudiciel] _ (samarT.). uflebrivi 

sakiTxi, romlis winaswari 

gadaWris gareSe ar 

SeiZleba sasamarTloSi gair- 

Ces mocemuli saqme. 

premia [laT. praemium _ 

jildo] _ 1. fuladi an 

materialuri jildo raime 

dargSi damsaxurebisaTvis. 2. 

muSakTa damatebiTi anaz- 

Raureba. 3. (finans.). gansxvaveba 

fasiani qaRaldis sabir- 

Jo da nominalur Rirebulebas 

Soris. 4. Tanxa, romelsac 

ofcionis myidveli uxdis mis 

gamyidvels garkveuli uflebis 

SesaZenad. 5. dazRvevis 

gadasaxadi. 

premieri [frang. premier _ 

pirveli] _ zogierTi qveynis 

an didi qalaqis aRmasrulebeli 

xelisuflebis meTauri, 

mTavrobis xelmZRvaneli. 

igivea rac premier-ministri. 

prerogativa [laT. 

praerogativus _ pirveli xmis 

mimcemi] _ saxelmwifo xelisuflebis 

organos an Tanam-

debobis piris gansakuTrebuli 

ufleba, upiratesoba. 

pres-ataSe [frang. prsseattache] 

_ (dipl.). diplomatiuri 

warmomadgenlobis 

(saelCo, misia da sxv.) Tanam- 

Sromeli presis sakiTxebSi. 

pres-relizi [frang. presse da 

ingl. release _ gamoSveba] _ 

oficialuri organos an piris 

mier presaSi gamosaqveyneblad 

gadacemuli gancxadeba. 

pretenzia [laT. praetensio _ 

moTxovnis ufleba] _ 1. 

raimeze Tavisi uflebis 

gamocxadeba, risame moTxovna. 

2. ukmayofilebis gamoxatva. 3. 

adamianis miswrafeba raime 

Tvisebis, Rirsebis miniWebis 

Sesaxeb. 

preferencia [laT. praeferentia 

_ upiratesobis miniWeba] _ or 

an met qveyanas Soris savaWroekonomikuri 

kavSirebis sfero- 

Si dadebuli xelSekrulebiT 

erTmaneTisaTvis miniWebuli 

upiratesoba, SeRavaTi (mag., 

gadasaxadis Semcireba da sxv.). 

preferenciuli _ upiratesi; 

SeRavaTiani. 

preficiti, proficiti _ 

(finans.). Semosavlebis gadameteba 

xarjebze. biujetis dadebiTi 

saldo. 

precedenti [laT. praecedens 

_ winamorbedi] _ 1. SemTxveva, 

romelic warmoadgens gansakuTrebuls 

an gamarTlebas 

Semdegdroindeli msgavsi Sem- 

TxvevebisaTvis. 2. saerTaSoriso 

samarTalSi: saerTaSo- 

58 

riso urTierTobis sakiTxis 

gadawyvetis saSualeba, romlis 

gamoyeneba SeiZleba sxva 

analogiuri SemTxvevis ganxilvisas 

magaliTis saxiT. igi 

ar warmoadgens saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis wyaros, Tumca, 

saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom 

SeiZleba gamoiyenos, rogorc 

davis gadawyvetis damxmare 

saSualeba. 3. (samarT.). 

sasamarTlos an saxelmwifo 

xelisuflebis sxva organos 

adrindeli gadawyvetileba, 

romelic miRebulia nimuSad 

msgavsi sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas. 

4. is, rasac winaT 

hqonda adgili. 

privatizeba [laT. privatus _ 

kerZo] _ (ekon.). sakuTrebis 

gansaxelmwifoebrioba warmoebis 

saSualebebze, pirad 

qonebaze. 

privatuli _ raime, rac 

kerZo pirs ekuTvnis. 

privilegia [laT. privilegium] 

_ upiratesoba, gansakuTrebuli 

ufleba, romelic mini- 

Webuli aqvs vismes sxvebisagan 

gansxvavebiT. 

privilegiuri _ 1. visac 

upiratesoba aqvs miniWebuli. 

2. rac (socialur-materialuri 

mdgomareoba, asaki, gamocdileba 

da sxv.) raime privilegias 

iZleva. 

principali [laT. principalis _ 

mTavari] _ 1. pirovneba, romelic 

garigebaSi Tavisi xarjebiT 

monawileobs. 2. valdebulebebSi 

ZiriTadi movale. 3. 

piri, romlis saxeliTac moq-

medebs misi warmomadgeneli, 

agenti. 4. raimeze pasuxismgebeli 

piri. 5. sagareo-ekonomikuri 

garigebis monawile. 

principi [laT principium _ 

dasawyisi, dasabami] _ 1. romelime 

Teoriis ZiriTadi, 

amosavali debuleba; aqsioma; 

kanonzomiereba. 2. moqmedebis 

dadgenili norma, wesi. 

prioriteti [laT. prior _ 

pirveli] _ pirvelobis 

ufleba; upiratesoba, ufro 

mniSvnelovani. 

pro [ingl. pro] _ rTuli 

sityvis TavsarTi. niSnavs: 

daqvemdebarebulobas; mxarda- 

Weras. mag., proreqtori _ 

reqtoris moadgile, prorusuli 

_ ruseTis mxardamWeri. 

prognozi [laT. prognosis] _ 

raime movlenis winaswar 

ganWvreta. 

programa [berZ. programma _ 

gancxadeba] _ 1. momavali 

muSaobis gegma. 2. dasaxuli 

miznis misaRwevad Sesasrulebel 

RonisZiebaTa Semcveli 

dokumenti. 

producenti [laT. producens] 

_ (ekon.). raime saqonlis 

mwarmoebeli (firma, qveyana). 

provincia [laT. provincia] _ 

1. qveynis didi administraciuli 

danayofi. 2. dedaqalaqs 

an msxvil kulturul centrs 

daSorebuli adgili, kuTxe. 

provokacia [laT. provocatio] 

_ mZime Sedegis momtani qmedebisaken, 

danaSaulis Cadenisa- 

59 

ken vinmes waqezeba. provokatori 

_ wamqezebeli piri. 

provocireba _ vinmes 

biZgeba raimes gakeTebisaken 

(Cadenisaken). 

prokuratura [laT. procuro _ 

vzrunav] _ kanonebis Sesrulebaze 

zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo 

organo. 

prokurori [frang. procureur 

< laT. procuro _ vzrunav] _ 1. 

Tanamdebobis piri, romelic 

Tvalyurs adevnebs kanonebis 

zustad Sesrulebas. 2. saxelmwifo 

bralmdebeli sasamar- 

Tlo procesze. 

prolongacia [laT. prolongatio] 

- _ mxareTa SeTanxmebiT 

xelSekrulebis, garigebis, 

Tamasuqis da misT. moqmedebis 

vadis gagrZeleba. 

promulgacia [laT. promulgatio 

_ _ sajaro gancxadeba] _ 


an raime saxelmwifoebrivi 

aqtis gamoqveyneba mxareTa 

mier. 

prorogacia [laT. prorogatio] 

_ saxelmwifos meTauris 

ufleba gadados parlamentis 

sesia. 

protesti [germ. Protest < 

laT.] _ 1. raime movlenisadmi 

uaryofiTi damokidebulebis 

gamoxatva. 2. sasamarTlo an 

saprokuroro organoebis 

werilobiTi wardgineba sasamarTlos 

gadawyvetilebis, ganaCenis 

gadasinjvis Sesaxeb. 2. 

notariulad damowmebuli aqti 

Tamasuqis vadaze gaunaRdeb-

lobis an misi aqceptirebis 

Sesaxeb. 

proteqcionizmi [laT. 

protectio _ dacva] _ saxelmwifos 

ekonomikuri politika 

sabaJo sferoSi, romelic 

vlindeba Semotanil saqonelze 

maRali baJis dawesebiT, 

rom daicvas erovnuli 

produqcia ucxouri saqonlis 

mZafri konkurenciisagan. 

protokoli [frang. protocole 

< laT. _ pirveli furceli] _ 

1. (dipl.). molaparakebis 

monawile mxareebis mier xelmowerili 

dokumenti, romel- 

Sic dafiqsirebulia molaparakebis 

Sedegebi SeTanxmebis 

dadebamde. 2. (dipl.). wesebis 

erToblioba, romlebsac icaven 

mTavrobebi, diplomatebi 

da sxva oficialuri pirebi 

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi. 

protesti [laT. protest] _ 1. 

raime movlenisadmi uaryofiTi 

damokidebuleba. 2. saTanado 

sasamarTlo Tu saprokuroro 

organoebis werilobiTi wardgineba 

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis, 

ganaCenis gadasinjvis 

Sesaxeb. 3. oficialuri gancxadeba 

Tamasuqis vadaze 

gaunaRdeblobis Sesaxeb. 

proteqtorati [ingl. proteqctorate 

< laT.] _ qveyana, romelsac 

icavs an marTavs sxva, 

masze Zlieri saxelmwifo. 

proteqcionizmi [ingl. 

protection] _ dacva; mfarvelobiTi 

sistema (mTavrobaSi, 

biznesSi da sxvagan). 

60 

profesia [laT. professio] – 

specialoba, saqmianoba, romelsac 

garkveuli momzadeba 

sWirdeba. 

procedura [laT. procedo _ 

win miviwev] _ risame Sesasruleblad, 

gansaxilvelad 

saWiro qmedebaTa, RonisZiebaTa 

Tanamimdevroba; raimes 

warmoebis meTodi. proceduruli 

_ procedurasTan dakav- 

Sirebuli. 

procesualuri [ingl. proceedings] 

_ sasamarTlo saqmiswarmoeba, 

sarCeli, Zieba da 

sxv. 

procenti [laT. pro centum _ 

asze] _ 1. ricxvis measedi 

nawili. 2. sasesxo gadasaxdeli; 

gamsesxeblis sargebeli. 

procesi [laT. processus] _ 1. 

raime movlenaTa Tanamimdevruli 

monacvleoba. 2. sasamarTlo 

saqmis garCeva. 

procesualuri _ sasamarTlo 

procesTan dakavSirebuli. 

puli [ingl. pool _ saerTo 

qvabi] _ mewarmeTa Soris 

droebiTi gaerTianebis forma, 

romlis drosac maTi mogeba 

saerTo fondSi Sedis da maT 

Soris winaswar dadgenili 

SeTanxmebiT nawildeba. 

puti [ingl. put] _ fasiani 

qaRaldebis gayidvis ofcioni. 

putCi [ingl. coup] _ (polit.). 

saxelmwifo gadatrialeba; 

erTi mTavrobis meoreTi 

swrafad Secvla Zalis 

gamoyenebiT.

J 

Jesti [frang. geste] _ 

sxeulis nawilebis, gansakuTrebiT 

xelis, moZraoba, rac 

Tan axlavs metyvelebas an 

cvlis mas. 

Jestikulacia _ Jestebis 

gamoyeneba laparakSi, metyvelebaSi. 

Jiro [ital. giro _ brunva, 

mimoqceva, ingl. girocheque] _ 

werilobiTi brZaneba, davaleba 

bankisadmi klientis mxriv 

gansazRvruli odenobis 

fulis gadaricxvis aucileblobis 

Sesaxeb am klientis 

angariSidan mesame piris angariSze, 

romlisTvisac klients 

surs fulis gadacema. (igive 

indosamenti). 

Jurfiqsi [frang. jour fixe _ 

garkveuli dRe] _ (dipl.). 

kviris esa Tu is dRe, 

romelic stumrebis misaRebad 

aqvT daniSnuli. 

r 

radikaluri [laT. radicalis _ 

ZiriTadi] _ ukiduresi, gadamwyveti 

RonisZieba. 

rambursi [frang. rembourser _ 

dabruneba, anazRaureba] _ 

saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi naRdi 

saqonlis ganaRdeba, romelic, 

rogorc wesi, bankis 

meSveobiT xorcieldeba. 

rambursireba – valis, danaxarjebis 

dabruneba, gadaxda; 

61 

Tamasuqis mimcemis magier, 

mesame piris valis dafarva. 

rangi [germ. Rang, frang. rang] 

_ 1. (ekon.). ipoTekuri giraos 

klasifikaciis xarisxi. 2. 

(dipl.). xarisxi, Tanrigi, 

specialuri wodebuleba. mag., 

sagangebo da sruluflebiani 

elCis rangi. 

rantie [frang. rentier rente-dan 

_ renta] _ pirovneba, romlis 

Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaroa 

procenti sesxad gacemuli 

fulidan an SeZenili fasiani 

qaRaldebidan. 

ratifikacia [laT. ratus _ 

gadawyvetili, damtkicebuli 

da facere _ keTeba] _ (samarT.). 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis 

uzenaesi organos mier saer- 

TaSoriso xelSekrulebis damtkiceba, 

romelic xelmowerilia 

saxelmwifos rwmunebuli 

warmomadgenlis mier. 

ratifikacia xelSekrulebas 

aZlevs iuridiul Zalas, rac 

Semdeg Sesasruleblad savaldebulo 

xdeba. amasTan, formdeba 

specialuri dokumenti _ 

saratifikacio sigeli. 

raundi [ingl. round] _ 

(gadat.). mZime da xangrZlivi 

saerTaSoriso molaparakebis 

calkeuli etapi. 

racionalizacia [laT. rationalis 

_ gonivruli] _ warmoebisa 

da muSaobis meTodebis 

srulyofa-gaumjobeseba. 

re [laT. re-] _ TavsarTi, 

romelic aRniSnavs: 1. raime 

moqmedebis ganaxlebas an game-

orebas. 2. sawinaaRmdego, sapirispiro 

moqmedebas. 

reabilitacia [laT. rehabilitatio 

_ aRdgena] _ udanaSaulod 

dazaralebulis uflebebisa 

da reputaciis (Rirsebis) 

aRdgena, rac SeTavsebulia 

mis mier gaweuli 

zaralis kompensaciasTan. 

realizacia [laT. realis _ 

nivTobrivi] _ 1. warmoebuli an 

gadasayidi saqonlisa da 

momsaxurebis gayidva, romelsac 

Tan axlavs fuladi 

amonagebis miReba. mag., qonebis 

an fasiani qaRaldebis fulad 

qceva; gayidva (saqonlisa). 2. 

ganazraxis (proeqtis) Sesruleba, 

cxovrebaSi ganxorcieleba. 

realuri [laT. realis] _ 

namdvilad arsebuli; WeSmariti; 

ris ganxorcielebac 

SesaZlebelia. 

regalia [laT. regalis _ 

samefo] _ 1. mefis xelisuflebis 

maniSnebeli sagani 

(gvirgvini, skiptra, taxti da 

sxv.). 2. warCinebis niSani (ordeni 

da misT.). 

regenti [laT. regentis _ 

mmarTveli] _ monarqiul qveynebSi: 

saxelmwifos droebiTi 

mmarTveli (mag., mefis mcirewlovanebis 

gamo). 

regioni [laT. regio _ mxare] 

_ 1. olqi, raioni, teritoria, 

qveynis nawili, romelic 

bunebrivi an istoriulad 

Camoyalibebuli ekonomikurgeografiuli 

pirobebisa da 

62 

mosaxleobis erovnuli Semadgenlobis 

erTobliobiT gamoirCeva. 

2. [ingl. region] _ 

qveynis didi raioni. 

registri [laT. registrum _ 

sia, CamonaTvali] _ Canawerebis 

wigni, saaRricxvo dokumenti, 

romelsac samarTlebrivi mniSvneloba 

aqvs. registracia _ 

oficialur siaSi Setana. 

reglamenti [frang. reglament, 

regle-dan _ wesi] _ 1. wesebi, 

romlebic adgenen, aregulireben 

RonisZiebaTa da moqmedebaTa 

Catarebis wessa da 

dros, saqmianobis ganxorcielebas. 

2. saerTaSoriso kongresebisa 

da konferenciebis 

zogierTi aqtis saxelwodeba. 

regresi [laT. regressus _ ukusvla] 

_ 1. ganviTarebis donis 

daqveiTeba, dromoWmuli formebisa 

da struqturebisaken 

dabruneba. (sapirisp. progresi). 

2. (samarT). romelime 

piris (dawesebulebis) ukumoTxovnileba, 

romelic 

waredgineba iseT pirs (organizacias), 

romlis valdebuleba 

man Seasrula. 

regresanti _ (samarT.). piri, 

romelic warudgens ukumoTxovnas 

meore pirs (regresats) 

im zaralis anazRaurebis 

Sesaxeb, romelic pirvelma 

pirma meore piris gamo 

ganicada. mag., pirvelma pirma 

gadaixada gadasaxdeli meore 

piris nacvlad da mas, rogorc 

regresants SeuZlia moiTxovos 

xarjebis anazRaureba.

egresati _ (samarT.). piri, 

romlis winaaRmdegac mimar- 

Tulia regresantis moTxovna. 

regreso ukumoTxovna zaralis 

gadasaxdeli Tanxis anaz- 

Raurebis Sesaxeb, romelic 

erTi fizikuri (iuridiuli) 

piris mier waredgineba meores, 

romlis mizeziTac es zarali 

warmoiSva. gamoiyeneba Tamasuqis 

protestis dros. 

regulacia [ingl. regulation] _ 

raimes mowesrigeba, misi 

muSaobis sworad warmarTva. 

regulireba [laT. regula _ 

wesi, regulare _ wesisadmi 

damorCileba] _ risame garkveuli 

wesiT warmarTva, mowesrigeba. 

regulireba ekonomikis _ 

mmarTveli organoebis zemoqmedeba 

ekonomikaze im mizniT, 

rom masSi mimdinare procesebi 

garkveul doneze iqnes Senar- 

Cunebuli (an Tavidan acilebuli), 

daZleuli arasasurveli 

movlenebi. 

redemarkacia _ [frang. redémarcation] 

_ saxelmwifo sazRvarze 

sasazRvro niSnebis 

aRdgena. 

reduqcia [laT. reductio _ dabruneba] 

– 1. raimes Semcireba, 

dasusteba; rTulis gamartiveba, 

misawvdomamde dayvana 

analizisa da gadawyvetilebisaTvis. 

2. (finans.). valutebis, 

fasiani qaRaldebisa da 

saqonlis fasebis dacema. 

reemigranti _ emigraciidan 

samSobloSi dabrunebuli 

piri. 

63 

reestri [laT. registrum _ sia, 

nusxa, CamonaTvali] – raime 

ekonomikuri obieqtis, qonebis 

CamonaTvali; wigni, romelSic 

aris reestruli sia; gamoiyeneba 

dokumentebis registraciisaTvis. 

reeqsporti _ importuli 

saqonlis gadaumuSaveblad 

eqsporti. 

revalvacia [laT. re- _ 

kvlav, xelaxla da valeo _ 

mniSvneloba maqvs, vRivar] _ 1. 

(finans.). erTi valutis kursis 

aweva sxva valutebis mimarT 

valutebis mcuravi kursebis 

sistemis dros. 2. (finans.). 

erTi valutis kursis administraciuli 

wesiT aweva sxva 

valutebis mimarT fiqsirebuli 

valutis kursebis 

sistemis dros. revalvacia 

imports xdis ufro iafs 

(adgilobrivi valutiT) da 

eqsports ufro Zvirs (myidvelis 

valutiT), xels uwyobs 

damatebiT imports da amcirebs 

moTxovnas eqsportze. 

(sapirispiro _ devalvacia). 

reversi [ingl. reverse, laT. 

revertor _ vabruneb ukan, vbrundebi] 

_ 1. (ekon.). erTi piris 

werilobiTi valdebuleba meore 

piris mimarT, romelic 

Seicavs Tavis Tavze miRebuli 

pasuxismgeblobis, riskis damadasturebel 

garantebs, mag., 

sagarantio werils an valdebulebas, 

rom gamosyidul 

iqneba Tamasuqi gadaxdis vadaze. 

2. deklaracia, romliTac 

dakarguli aqciebis mflobeli

adasturebs mzadyofnas miiRos 

Tavis Tavze bankis mier gaweuli 

zarali am dokumentebis 

arasanqcionirebuli gamoyenebis 

SemTxvevaSi. 3. liTonis 

fulis an medlis ukana mxare; 

zurgi. (sapirisp. aversi). 4. 

(samarT.). qonebis dabruneba 

winandeli patronisaTvis. 5. 

sawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli. 

reversia _ pirvandel mdgomareobaSi 

dabruneba. 

revizia [laT. revisio _ 

gadasinjva] _ (ekon., samarT.). 

sawarmos, organizaciis, dawesebulebis 

an Tanamdebobis 

piris muSaobis gamorkveva moqmedebis 

sisworisa da kanonierebis 

Semowmebis mizniT. 

revokacia [laT. revocatio _ 

gamoxmoba, gamoxmaureba] _ 1. 

(dipl.). elCis an sxva warmomadgenlis 

gamowveva sxva 

saxelmwifodan Tavis qveyanaSi. 

2. adre gacemuli gankargulebis 

gauqmeba; 3. (ekon.). 

Cekis mimcemis gancxadeba adre 

gacemuli Cekis gauqmebis 

Sesaxeb. 

revolveruli [ingl. revolve 

_ mimarTva, periodulad Secvla] 

_ avtomaturad ganaxleba. 

mag., revolveruli krediti _ 

avtomaturad ganaxlebadi krediti, 

romelic damatebiTi 

molaparakebis gareSe gaicema. 

revolucia [frang. revolution] 

_ (polit.). 1. sazogadoebrivpolitikur 

urTierTobaSi momxdari 

Zirfesviani gadatrialeba, 

Zveli wyobilebis ZaliT 

damxoba da progresuli wyo- 

64 

bilebis damyareba. 2. (gadat.). 

Zirfesviani cvlileba codnis 

raime dargSi. 

rezervacia [laT. reservo _ 

vinaxav, vizogav] _ 1. reservebis 

(maragis) Seqmna. 2. uflebis 

datoveba, rom kvlav 

daubrundnen am sakiTxs. 

rezervi [frang. reserve, laT.dan 

reserve _ vinaxav] _ (ekon.). 

raimes (saqonlis, fuladi 

saxsrebis, ucxouri valutis 

da a.S.) maragi saWiroebis 

SemTxvevisaTvis. 

rezidenti [laT. residens _ 

mjdomare, adgilze darCenili] 

_ iuridiuli (fizikuri) piri, 

romelic mocemul qveyanaSi 

mudmivad registrirebulia an 

mudmivad cxovrobs. igi 

valdebulia Tavis ekonomikur 

qmedebebSi daicvas am qveynis 

kanonebi anu gadaixados gadasaxadebi 

qveyanaSi moqmedi 

kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. 

rezidencia [laT. residentia] _ 

mTavrobis, saxelmwifos meTauris 

an sxva maRali Tanamdebobis 

piris mudmivi samuSao 

an sacxovrebeli adgilsamyofeli. 

reziume [frang. résumé] _ 1. 

dawerilis, Tqmulis an wakiTxulis 

arsis mokle gadmocema. 

2. garkveuli wesebis mixedviT 

Sedgenili cnobebis nakrebi 

samuSaos pretendentebis Sesaxeb. 

rezolucia [laT resolutio _ 

nebarTva, gadawyvetileba] _ 1. 

warwera samsaxurebriv doku-

mentze, romelic Seicavs 

Tanamdebobis piris mier gake- 

Tebul miTiTebas, rekomendacias 

da awesebs moqmedebis 

xasiaTs, romelic Semsrulebelma 

am piris miTiTebis 

Sesabamisad unda daicvas. 2. 

saerTaSoriso organizaciebis 

(konferenciebis) gadawyvetilebebi, 

Cveulebriv, rekomendaciuli 

xasiaTis. 

rezoni [frang. raison] _ 

mosazreba, gonivruli safuZveli, 

azri. 

reimporti _ eqsportuli 

saqonlis gadaumuSaveblad 

importi. 

reinvestireba _ sakuTari 

an ucxouri kapitalis ganmeorebiTi 

dabandeba ekonomikaSi, 

romelic xorcieldeba adre 

dabandebuli kapitalis Semosavlebidan. 

reinkarnacia _ fasiani 

qaRaldebis sxva formaSi 

gadayvana (mag., oqros sertifikatebisa 

gansakuTrebuli 

daniSnulebis fasian qaRaldebSi) 

gansazRvruli vadiT. 

reitingi [ingl. rating] _ 

(ekon.). firmis masStaburobis, 

kreditunarianobis Sefaseba. 

rekambio [ital. recambio] _ 

Sebrunebuli Tamasuqi, retrata, 

moTxovna Tamasuqis Tanxis 

anazRaurebasa da procentebis 

gadaxdaze. 

reketi [ingl. racket] _ 

damnaSave elementebis, reketiorebis 

mier mewarmeebisagan 

muqaris, SantaJis gziT fulis 

ukanono gamoZalva. 

65 

rekvizitebi [laT. requisitum 

_ saWiro, aucilebeli] _ 1. 

(samarT.). dokumentis aucilebeli 

elementebi (mag., saxelwodeba, 

gacemis adgili, Tari- 

Ri, xelmowera), romelTa 

gareSe igi kargavs iuridiul 

Zalas. 2. (spec.). samisamarTo 

monacemebi, telefonebis, teleqsis 

nomrebi, romlebsac 

xelSekrulebis erT-erTi mxare 

acnobebs meores kavSiris 

SesanarCuneblad; Tavsdeba 

safirmo blankze. 

rekvizicia [laT. requisitio _ 

moTxovna] _ kerZo sakuTrebis 

saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi 

gadayvana saxelmwifo gamoyenebisaTvis. 

rekvirenti [laT. requirens _ 

momTxovni] _ Tamasuqis mflobeli, 

romelic sasamarTlo 

instanciebs Tamasuqis gaprotestebis 

moTxovniT mimarTavs. 

reklama [laT. reclamo _ 

wamoviZaxe] _ firmis mier 

potenciuri myidvelebis, 

saqonlisa da momsaxurebis 

momxmareblebis Ria Setyobineba 

maTi xarisxis, Rirsebis, 

upiratesobis Sesaxeb, agreTve 

TviTon firmis damsaxurebis 

Sesaxeb; marketingis Semadgeneli 

nawili. 

reklamacia [laT. reclamatio _ 

xmamaRali gamoTqma] _ 1. ukmayofilebis 

gamoxatva, pretenzia, 

saCivari. 2. (vaWr.). 

pretenzia saqonlis dabali 

xarisxis gamo da zaralis 

anazRaurebis moTxovna.

ekomendacia [laT. recommenddatio 

_ rCeva] _ 1. werilobiTi 

an zepiri sasurveli 

gamoxmaureba adamianis an 

firmis Sesaxeb misi kandidaturis 

an saqmianobis mxardaWeriT. 

2. rCeva, miTiTeba 

gansazRvruli wesiT moqmedebis 

Sesaxeb. 3. winadadeba 

raimes gakeTebaze. 

rekonversia [laT. re- da 

conversio] _ samxedro mrewvelobis 

gadayvana mSvidobianobis 

droisaTvis saWiro 

produqciaze. 

rekonkista [esp. Reconquista] 

_ pirenes naxevarkunZulis 

xalxTa mier arabebisagan 

dapyrobili teritoriebis 

brZoliT dabruneba. 

rekonstruqcia [laT. re- _ 

kvlav, xelaxla da constructio _ 

aSeneba] _ (ekon.). sawarmoSi 

ZiriTadi saSualebebis, teqnikisa 

da teqnologiis gardaqmna 

im mizniT, rom amaRldes 

gamosaSvebi produqciis 

done da xarisxi, aTvisebul 

iqnes axal nakeTobaTa gamoSveba. 

rekreacia [laT. recreatio _ 

aRdgena] _ (ekon.). Zalebis 

mobilizeba, aRdgena, dasveneba. 

rekreditivi [germ. Rekreditiv] 

_ 1. (dipl.). mTavrobis sigeli 

diplomatiuri warmomadgenlis 

ukan gamowvevis Sesaxeb. 2. 

sabuTi, romelic auqmebs 

akreditivs. 

rekuperacia [laT. recuperatio 

_ ukan miReba, dabruneba] _ 1. 

66 

aqciis kursis aRdgena misi 

mkveTri SemcirebiT. 2. aqciebis 

kursis kiTxvis ganmeorebiTi 

seansi birJaze. 

relacia [laT. relatio _ 

moxseneba] _ meTauris cnoba 

saomari moqmedebis mimdinareobis 

Sesaxeb. 

relevanturi [ingl. relevant] 

_ Sesabamisi; Sesatyvisi; saqmesTan 

dakavSirebuli; arsebiTi; 

faseuli. 

remizi [frang. remise] _ 1. 

fulis gadaxda Tamasuqis 

gagzavnis saSualebiT im piris 

saxelze, romelsac fuli 

unda mieces. 2. sakomisio 

gasamrjelo, romelsac birJis 

maklerebi aZleven im pirebs, 

romlebic birJaze fasiani 

qaRaldebis SesaZenad klientebis 

mizidvaSi exmarebian. 

remisia [laT. remissio _ 

Semcireba, Sesusteba] _ 

(finans.). gasayidi saqonlis 

fasis Camokleba, romelsac 

gamyidveli fasis dasamrgvaleblad 

axorcielebs. 

remitenti [laT. remitto _ 

vagzavni] _ pirovneba, romlis 

saxelzec pirveladi mflobeli 

gadaagzavnis Tavis 

Tamasuqs; gadagzavnili Tamasuqis 

mimRebi. 

remitireba [ingl. remittance] 

_ 1. davalianebis ucxouri 

valutiT dafarvis xerxi, rac 

imaSi mdgomareobs, rom 

movale Tavisi qveynis valutiT 

yidulobs ucxour valutas 

erovnul savaluto 

bazarze da gadaugzavnis mas

kreditors an faravs vals 

Cekis, gadasagzavni Tamasuqis 

SesyidviTa da gadagzavniT. 2. 

fuladi gzavnili. 3. gadaxda. 

renacionalizacia _ (ekon.). 

yofili kerZo sakuTrebis dabruneba 

saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi. 

rendJi _ rigi portebi 

napiris miTiTebul monakveTze. 

mag., àTeni – marseli rendJi~ 

niSnavs, rom damfraxtavs (damjavSnavs) 

ufleba aqvs gagzavnos 

gemi nebismier usafrTxo 

portSi aTensa da marsels 

Soris, orive dasaxelebuli 

portis CaTvliT. 

renovacia [laT. renovatio _ 

ganaxleba, aRdgena] _ (ekon.). 

fizikuri da moraluri cveTis 

Sedegad warmoebidan gamosuli 

manqana-mowyobilobebis axliT 

Secvla. 

renome [frang. renommé _ 

reputacia] _ dadgenili 

mosazreba, Seqmnili Sexeduleba 

adamianis, firmis 

Sesaxeb; reputacia. 

renta [germ. Rente, frang. 

rente _ dabrunebuli] _ 

(finans.). 1. regularuli Semosavali, 

romelsac iZleva kapitali, 

qoneba an miwa ise, rom 

mis mflobels ar sWirdeba 

mewarmeobrivi saqmianoba. 2. 

qira, romelsac ixdian garkveuli 

drois ganmavlobaSi 

ofisis, saxlis an qarxnis 

ijarisaTvis. 3. fuladi Tanxa, 

romelic sadazRvevo sazogadoebis 

mier yovelwliurad 

eZleva dazRveul pirs. 

67 

rentabeloba [germ. rentabel _ 

Semosavliani] _ (ekon.). efeqtianoba, 

momgebianoba, Semosavlianoba 

sawarmos an samewarmeo 

saqmianobis. gaiangari- 

Seba mogebis gayofiT danaxarjebze 

da gamoisaxeba procentobiT. 

rentingi [ingl. renting] _ 

(ekon.). teqnikis moklevadiani 

ijara, moijaris mier misi 

Semdgomi gamosyidvis uflebis 

gareSe. 

reorganizacia _ sawarmos 

(firmis, kompaniis) organizaciuli 

struqturisa da marTvis 

gardaqmna maTi ZiriTadi 

saSualebebis, potencialis 

SenarCunebiT. 

reparacia [laT. reparatio _ 

aRdgena] _ saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

subieqtis materialuri 

paxismgeblobis forma 

saerTaSoriso samarTaldarRvevis 

Cadenis Sedegad miyenebuli 

zianisaTvis. gadaxda 

xdeba restituciis, fuladi an 

sxva materialuri kompensaciis 

an erTdroulad restituciisa 

da zaralis kompensaciis 

saxiT. 

repatriacia [laT. repatriare 

_ samSobloSi dabruneba] _ 1. 

im pirebis samSobloSi dabruneba, 

romlebic garemoebebis 

gamo imyofebodnen sxva saxelmwifos 

teritoriaze 

(ltolvilebi, adgilnacvali 

pirebi). 2. sazRvargareT dabandebuli 

kapitalis dabruneba 

Tavis qveyanaSi investirebisaTvis.

eplika [ital. replica] _ 1. 

oratorisaTvis adgilidan 

micemuli mokle SeniSvna; 

Sepasuxeba, wamoZaxili. 2. 

(samarT.). erTi mxaris SekamaTeba 

meoresTan sasamarTlo 

procesze. 

repo _ 1. SeTanxmeba adre 

gayiduli saqonlis ukan Sesyidvaze. 

2. operacia finansur 

bazarze, romelic iTvaliswinebs 

monawileebis SeTanxmebas 

fasiani qaRaldebis ukan 

gamosyidvaze. 

reporti [frang. report] _ 1. 

sabirJo garigeba fasiani 

qaRaldebis bazarze, rac 

imaSi mdgomareobs, rom xorcieldeba 


gayidva imavdroulad garagebiT, 

rom SemdegSi, gansazRvruli 

vadis Semdeg, isini 

gamosyidul iqnes ufro 

maRali fasiT. (sapirisp. 

deporti). 2. qveynis savaluto 

bazarze garigebis dadeba, 

romelic mdgomareobs imaSi, 

rom ucxouri valutis gayidvis 

naRdi garigeba erovnulze 

gacvliT Sexamebuli iqneba 

sapirispirosTan, imavdroulad 

dadebul garigebasTan, rom 

Sesyidul iqnas erovnuli 

valuta ufro maRal fasSi. 

reports valutis is spekulantebi 

(`xari~) mimarTaven, romlebic 

valutis kursis awevaze 

TamaSoben. 

reprezentacia [ingl. representation] 

_ 1. gancxadeba, vinmes 

darwmunebis mizniT, rom kontraqts 

SeuerTdes. 3. wardgena. 

68 

4. sistema, sadac irCeven qveynis 

warmomadgenlebs parlamentisaTvis. 

reprezentanti [frang. représentant] 

_ warmomadgeneli, warmomadgenlobiTi 

amorCevis 

monawile. 

reprezentatiuloba [frang. 

représentantif _ damaxasiaTebeli] 

_ im ekonomikur maCvenebelTa 

SerCevis warmomadgenlobiToba, 

romlebic ekonomikuri 

procesebisa da movlenebis 

analizisaTvis gamoiyeneba. 

represalia [laT. repressalia _ 

Sekaveba, SeCereba] _ saerTa- 

Soriso urTierTobaSi: iZulebiTi 

zoma, romelsac mimar- 

Tavs erTi saxelmwifo meoris 

arakanonieri moqmedebis sapasuxod; 

samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli 

politikuri pasuxismgeblobis 

erT-erTi forma. 

represalia, dakavSirebuli 

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gamoyenebasTan, 

akrZalulia saerTa- 

Soriso samarTliT da kvalificirdeba 

rogorc agresia. 

reprivatizacia (laT. re- da 

ital. privatus _ kerZo] _ adre 

nacionalizebuli kerZo 

sakuTrebis privatizacia. 

reprimandi [frang. reprimandé] 

_ sityvieri sayveduri. 

reputacia [frang. réputation] 

_ Seqmnili saerTo azri vinmes, 

raimes, adamianis, firmis 

an saqonlis xarisxis, Rirsebisa 

da naklovanebebis Sesaxeb.

eJimi [frang. régime] _ 1. 

saxelmwifo wyobileba, mmarTvelobis 

wesi. 2. raime miznisaTvis 

saWiro wesTa, Ronis- 

ZiebaTa sistema. mag., ekonomiis 

reJimi. 

reskripciebi [ingl. reskriptions] 

_ (finans.). saxazino 

obligaciebi da Tamasuqebi 

oTx wlamde vadiT; uSveben 

saxsrebis akumulaciisa da 

fulis bazris likvidurobis 

regulirebisaTvis. 

respeqti [ingl. respect] _ 

pativiscema; mowiweba. 

respublika [laT. respublica] _ 


forma, romlis drosac xelisuflebis 

umaRles organoebs 

irCeven gansazRvruli vadiT. 

respondenti [ingl. respondent] 

_ 1. saapelacio saqmis 

meore mxare, mopasuxe. 2. 

peticiaze mopasuxe piri. 

restavracia [laT. restauratio] 

_ raimes aRdgena pirvandeli 

saxiT. 

restanti [ingl. rest _ naSTi] 

_ (finans.). firmis vali, 

romelic darCa balansis 

Sedgenis, Sejamebis dros; 

gauyidavi saqonlis naSTi. 

resti [ingl. rest] _ naSTi. 

restitucia [laT. restitutio _ 

Tavdapirveli saxiT aRdgena] _ 

1. garigebis damdeb mxareTa 

mier xelSekrulebiT miRebuli 

fulis (saqonlis) urTierTdabruneba 

im SemTxvevaSi, 

roca garigeba miCneul iqna 

baTilad. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom 

69 

garigebis kanonierebis darRvevaSi 

damnaSavea erT-erTi 

mxare, restitucia calmxrivi 

xdeba da saxsrebs mxolod 

damnaSave mxare abrunebs. 2. 

saerTaSoriso samarTlis 

subieqtis materialuri pasuxismgeblobis 

erT-erTi forma; 

erTi saxelmwifos mier meorisaTvis 

im qonebis dabruneba, 

romelic ukanonod iyo mitacebuli. 

restriqcia [laT. restrictio _ 

SezRudva] _ 1. im kreditebis 

SezRudva, romlebsac centraluri 

banki komerciul 

bankebs aZlevs. 2. monopoliebis 

mier warmoebisa da gayidvis 

xelovnuri SezRudva 

saqonlis sarealizacio fasebis 

gazrdisa da maqsimaluri 

mogebis misaRebad. restriqciuli 

_ SemzRudveli; amkr- 

Zalavi. 

resursebi ekonomikuri 

[frang. ressource _ damxmare 

saSualeba] _ risame maragi; 

warmoebis uzrunvelyofis 

saSualebebi. kerZod: bunebrivi 

(sanedleulo, geofizikuri), 

SromiTi (adamianuri 

kapitali), kapitaluri (fizikuri, 

fuladi kapitali) da 

informaciuli resursebi. 

retorsia [laT. retorsio _ 

ukuqmedeba] _ saerTaSoriso 

samarTalSi: erTi saxelmwifos 

moqmedeba meoris usamarTlo, 

aramegobruli moqmedebis 

sapasuxod; SemzRudveli 

zomebi, romelsac saxelmwifo 

sxva saxelmwifos

analogiuri moqmedebis pasuxad 

iRebs da amiT ekonomikuri 

an moraluri ziani adgeba 

pirvel saxelmwifos. mag., 

ucxoelebis uflebebis Sez- 

Rudva, baJis gazrda am 

saxelmwifos saqonelze da a.S. 

represaliisagan (Sekaveba, 

SeCereba) gansxvavebiT, igi 

pasuxia meore saxelmwifos 

aramarTlzomier qmedebaze. 

retragenti [ingl. repurchase 

agent] _ piri, romelic saqmeSi 

Cadebuli fasiani qaRaldebis 

gamosyidvas awarmoebs. 

retreqtiuloba _ fasiani 

qaRaldebis gamosyidvis SesaZlebloba 

maTi mflobelis 

mier winaswar daTqmuli pirobebiTa 

da SetyobinebiT. 

retrospeqtuli [laT. retro 

_ ukan da specto _ vuyureb] _ 

warsul drosTan dakavSirebuli. 

retrocesia [frang. retrocessione 

_ daTmoba] _ 1. gadamz- 

Rvevelis mier Tavis Tavze 

miRebuli riskis nawilis 

gadacema sxva gadamzRvevlebze; 

riskebis Semdgomi 

danawevreba. 2. sakomisio 

wilis erTi Suamavlis mier 

meorisaTvis gadacema. 

refaqcia [frang. réfaction, 

laT. factus _ garigeba] _ 1. 

sabiTumo fasidan an saqonlis 

wonidan Camokleba, romelsac 

atarebs gamyidveli savaWro 

garigebis dadebis dros im 

SemTxvevaSi, roca saqonlis 

xarisxi Seusabamoa an gamov- 

70 

lenilia misi danaklisi (an 

gafuWeba). 2. tarifis dakleba, 

romelic tvirTis gamgzavns 

gansakuTrebuli SeTanxmebiT 

saqonlis didi partiis dros 

eZleva. 

referendumi [laT. referendum 

_ rac unda auwyon] _ (polit.). 

sayovelTao saxalxo gamokiTxva 

kenWisyriT mniSvnelovani 

saxelmwifoebrivi sakiTxebis 

gadasawyvetad (ix., agreTve, 

plebisciti). 

referencia [laT. referre _ 

Setyobineba] _ 1. cnoba 

pirovnebis samsaxurisa da 

samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis 

Sesaxeb. 2. (komerc.). firmis, 

dawesebulebis da misT. gadaxdisunarianobis 

damowmeba, 

dadastureba; rekomendacia. 

referi [ingl. referee] _ samediatoro 

sasamarTlo; samediatoro 

mosamarTle; arbitri. 

refinansireba, refundireba 

[ingl. refunding] _ dafarva, 

Zveli saxelmwifo davalianebis 

anazRaureba axali sesxebis 

gamoSvebis gziT, umTavresad, 

moklevadiani fasiani 

qaRaldebis SecvliT. 

definicia [laT. definitio] _ 

cnebis zusti gansazRvra misi 

yvelaze arsebiTi niSnebis 

saSualebiT. 

reflacia _ Semcirebuli 

fasebis aRdgena adrindel 

donemde, romelic saxelmwifo 

RonisZiebebis saSualebiT ekonomikis 

gamococxlebis periodSi, 

misi SenarCunebis 

mizniT tardeba.

eforma [frang. réforme] _ 

raimes gasaumjobeseblad mas- 

Si Setanili cvlileba; gardaqmna. 

reqtifikacia [ingl. rectification] 

_ dokumentSi raimes Sesworeba; 

cvlilebebis Setana. 

recepisa [laT. recipire _ 

miReba] _ winaswari xelmowera 

saqonlis miRebaze, romelic 

asrulebs mowmobis rols da 

Semdeg icvleba konosamentiT. 

recesia [ingl. recession] _ 

warmoebis SedarebiT zomieri 

arakritikuli dacema an 

ekonomikuri zrdis tempebis 

Seneleba. 

recefcia [laT. receptio _ 

miReba] _ (samarT.). sesxeba da 

Segueba ama Tu im qveynis 

pirobebTan samarTlisa, romelic 

SemuSavebulia sxva 

saxelmwifoSi an winamaval 

istoriul epoqaSi. 

recidivi [laT. recidivus _ 

rac meordeba] _ (samarT.). 

danaSaulis gameorebiT Cadena 

im piris mier, romelic adre 

sasjels aseTive an sxva 

danaSaulisaTvis ixdida. 

reciklireba (finans.) _ 

saxsrebis gadanawileba. 

recipienti [laT. recipiens _ 

mimRebi] _ fizikuri an iuridiuli 

piri, an saxelmwifo, 

romelic gadasaxdelebs, Semosavlebs 

Rebulobs; aseTad 

gulisxmoben agreTve qveyanas, 

romelic ucxoeTis investiciebs 

izidavs. 

71 

rimesa [ital. rimessa _ 

fulis gadacema, gagzavna] _ 

sagadasaxdelo dokumenti 

(Ceki, gadasagzavni Tamasuqi) 

saerTaSoriso angariSsworebisaTvis 

ucxour valutaSi, 

romelsac movale Tavis qveyanaSi 

erovnuli valutiT iZens 

da ucxour kreditors davalianebis 

dasafaravad gadaugzavnis. 

ringi [ingl. ring] _ ramdenime 

mewarmis xanmokle SeTanxmeba 

garkveul raionSi romelime 

saqonlis Sesyidvis Sesaxeb 

misi gayidvis monopolizaciis 

mizniT. aSS-Si rings uwodeben 

agreTve korners. 

rituali [laT. ritualis] _ 

(dipl.). saerTaSoriso urTier- 

TobaTa praqtikaSi miRebul 

wes-CveulebaTa Sesrulebis 

erToblioba. 

roialti [ingl. royalty _ 

samefo privilegiebi] _ 1. perioduli 

gadasaxdeli uflebisaTvis, 

rom isargeblos 

saqonlis, gamogonebis, an 

sxvaTa licenziiT. gaiangari- 

Seba procentobiT gayidvis 

Rirebulebidan. 2. safasuri 

bunebrivi resursebis damuSavebisa 

da mopovebis uflebisaTvis. 

roloveri [ingl. rollover _ 

ganaxleba] _ 1. kreditis vadis 

gagrZeleba misi teqnikuri 

dafarvisa da imavdrouli 

ganaxlebis saSualebiT axali 

kreditis micemis gziT. 2. 

saxsrebis investiciis erTi 

formidan meoreSi gadatana.

otacia [laT. rotatio _ 

monacvleoba, perioduli gameoreba] 

_ xelmZRvaneli kadrebis 

(diplomatebis, partiuli 

muSakebis) savaldebulo 

monacvleoba dadgenili drois 

Sesabamisad. 

sabotaJi [frang. sabotage] _ 

raime saqmis winaswar ganzraxviT 

CafuSva, masSi monawileobisagan 

Tavis aridebiT an 

misi arakeTilsindisieri SesrulebiT; 

pirovnebis an pirovnebaTa 

jgufis mier TavianTi 

samsaxurebrivi an sxva valdebulebebis 

Segnebulad, ganzrax 

Seusrulebloba an maTi 

daudevrad (arajerovnad) Sesruleba; 

saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg 

mimarTuli danaSauli. 

savizito baraTi [frang. 

visite _ wveva, naxva] _ baraTi, 

romelzec miTiTebulia monacemebi 

(gvari, saxeli, Tanamdeboba, 

misamarTi, telefonebi 

da sxv.) misi mflobelis 

Sesaxeb. 

saldo [ital. saldo _ angariSsworeba, 

naSTi] _ sxvaoba 

sawarmos (firmis) fulad 

Semosavlebsa da danaxarjebs 

Soris drois gansazRvrul 

periodSi; sxvaoba qveynis 

eqsportisa da importis Rirebulebas 

Soris (savaWro 

balansis saldo), sazRvargareTidan 

saxsrebis Semosvlas 

s 

72 

Soris (qveynis sagadasaxdelo 

balansis saldo). dadebiTi, 

aqtiuri saldo niSnavs Semosavlebis 

gadametebas xarjebze, 

xolo uaryofiTi _ 

piriqiT. 

samiti [ingl. summit] _ 

Sexvedra saxelmwifo xelmZ- 

Rvanelebs an farTo Zalauflebis 

mqone liderebs Soris. 

-san [iap.] _ (dipl.). iaponiaSi 

miRebuli zrdilobiani xseneba 

visime an mimarTva vinmesadmi: 

batoni (batono), qalbatoni 

(qalbatono). warmoiTqmis 

(iwereba) gvaris an saxelis 

Semdeg. mag., mitikosan 

(q-ni mitiko, q-no mitiko). 

sanacia [laT. sanatio _ 

mkurnaloba, gajansaReba] _ 

RonisZiebaTa sistema sawarmoebis 

(firmebis) gakotrebis 

Tavidan asacileblad. 

sanqcia [laT. canctio _ 

mkacri dadgenileba, dakanoneba] 

_ zemdgomi organos mier 

raime aqtis damtkiceba, rac 

mas iuridiul Zalas aniWebs. 2. 

iZulebis, zemoqmedebis zoma 

kanonis darRvevisaTvis. 3. 


zemoqmedebis zoma, romelsac 

mimarTaven xelSekrulebis 

damrRvevi saxelmwifos mimarT. 

4. mowoneba, dadastureba, 

Tanxmoba. 5. (ekon.). 

iZulebiTi zemoqmedebis zomebi 

sameurneo-safinanso saqmianobis 

normalurad gaZRolis 

wesebis damrRvevTa mimarT. 

sateliti [laT. satelles _ 

Tanamgzavri] _ (gadat.).

saxelmwifo, romelic formalurad 

damoukidebelia, magram 

sinamdvileSi sxva saxelmwifos 

emorCileba. 

sauravi [laT. poena _ sasjeli] 

_ fuladi jarima, 

romliTac jarimdebian fuladi 

valdebulebebis aradrouli 

SesrulebisaTvis, vadis 

gadacilebisaTvis. 

segregacia [laT. segregatio _ 

gamoyofa] _ 1. (ekon.). klientisa 

da brokeris, sxvadasxva 

klientis saSualebebisa da 

operaciebis dayofa. 2. rasobrivi 

diskriminaciis forma _ 

feradkanianTa iZulebiTi 

gamoyofa TeTrkanianebisagan. 

seilz-promouSn [ingl. sales 

_ gayidvebi, promotion _ win 

waweva] _ 1. saqonlis gasaRebis 

stimulireba. 2. vaWrobis 

muSakTa Sromis waxaliseba 

premiebis, saCuqrebis saSualebiT. 

sekvestri [laT. sequestrum _ 

vayeneb gareT, vaSoreb] _ 

(samarT.). raime qonebis sargeblobis 

an gankargvis akrZalva 

Aan SezRudva saxelmwifo an 

sasamarTlo xelisuflebis 

mier. 

sekiuritinacia [ingl. 

securities _ fasiani qaRaldebi] 

_ fasiani qaRaldebis gamoyenebis 

gafarToeba sabazro 

urTierTobaTa regulirebisa 

da sasesxo kapitalis moZraobis 

instrumentad. 

senati [laT. senatus] _ zogi 

qveynis (mag., aSS-is, belgiisa 

73 

da sxv.) parlamentis zeda 

palata. 

senioraJi _ Semosavali fulis 

emisiidan (gamoSvebidan). 

senior (seniora) [esp. señor, 

señora] _ (dipl.). espaneTSi: 

zrdilobiani xseneba mamakacisa 

(qalisa) da misdami 

mimarTva. warmoiTqmis (iwereba) 

gvaris win. 

sentencia [laT. sententia _ 

azri, msjeloba] _ 1. (samarT.). 

sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba. 2. 

msjavrdebulis oficialuri 

dasja. 3. moraluri xasiaTis 

gamonaTqvami, zneobrivi darigeba. 

separatizmi [frang. separatisme 

_ calke] _ (polit.). 

erovnul umciresobaTa swrafva 

saxelmwifosagan gamoyofisa 

da damoukidebeli saxelmwifos 

Seqmnisaken. 2. (ekon.). 

regionuli ekonomikuri politika, 

miswrafeba damoukidebeli 

bazris SeqmnisaTvis, 

sruli ekonomikuri damoukideblobis 

miRebisa da centridan 

damoukideblobisaTvis. 

separatuli [laT. separatus] _ 

gankerZoebuli, gancalkevebuli. 

ser [ingl. sir] _ inglisurenovan 

qveynebSi (aSS, 

inglisi da sxv.): zrdilobiani 

mimarTva mamakacisadmi. warmoiTqmis 

(iwereba) saxelisa da 

gvaris gareSe. 

servisi [ingl. service] _ 

sxvadasxva saxis komunalursayofacxovrebo 

mosaxureba.

servituti [laT. servitus _ 

monoba, damorCileba] _ 

(samarT.). sxvisi qonebiT sargeblobis 

ufleba garkveul 

farglebSi. saerTaSoriso servituti 

_ erTi saxelmwifos 

teritoriul uflebaTa garkveuli 

SezRudva meore saxelmwifos 

sasargeblod (sazRvao 

da samxedro bazebis Seqmna, 

gzebiT sargebloba sxvis 

teritoriaze da sxv.). 

seria [laT. series _ rigi, 

mwkrivi] _ (ekon.). fasiani 

qaRaldebis erToblioba, 

romelic gamoSvebulia erTi 

identifikatoriT. 

sertifikati [laT. sertifico _ 

vamowmeb] _ 1. werilobiTi 

finansuri dokumenti, mowmoba, 


mflobelis mier fuladi 

saxsrebis garkveuli Tanxis 

Setanis faqts da aqedan gamomdinare 

aZlevs mas garkveul 

uflebas. 2. obligaciis nairsaxeoba. 

3. sagareo vaWrobaSi: 

saqonlis xarisxis damadasturebeli 

dokumenti. 4. pirovnebis 

codnisa da unaris 

damamtkicebeli dokumenti. 

sertifikacia _ 1. xarisxobrivi 

maxasiaTeblebis Sesabamisobis 

dadastureba im 

donesTan, romelic xarisxis 

standarts moeTxoveba. 2. 

sertifikatis miReba. 

sesia [laT. sessio _ sxdoma] _ 

perioduli sxdoma, romelsac 

atareben warmomadgenlobiTi 

organoebi, sasamarTlo, samecniero 

dawesebulebebi da sxv. 

74 

setlmenti [ingl. settlement] _ 

(finans.). angariSsworeba 

sabirJo operaciebis xaziT; 

sixSire, romliTac iangari- 

Seba saangariSsworebo fasebi 

da gadaixdeba marJa. 

seqtori [laT. sector] _ 

(ekon.). meurneobis nawili, 

romelsac garkveuli ekonomikuri 

da socialuri niSnebi 

axasaiaTebs. mag., kerZo seqtori, 

saxelmwifo seqtori da 

a.S. 

svingi [ingl. swing _ 

meryeoba] _ valutebisa da 

fasiani qaRaldebis kursebis 

meryeoba birJaze. 

svitCi [ingl. switch _ 

gadasvla, gadarTva, mimarTulebis 

Secvla] _ adre mirebul 

valdebulebaTa likvidacia 

da operaciebis, garigebebis 

dasruleba erTi saxeobis 

fasian qaRaldebTan, 

valutebTan da gadasvla sxva 

saxeobis garigebebze; samarTlebriv-komerciuliTvalsazrisiT, 

garigeba `svitCi~ 

gulisxmobs eqsportioris 

mier Semxvedri Sesyidvis 

dros warmoSobili Tavisi 

valdebulebebis mesame pirze 

gadacemas, romelTanac eqsportiors 

am sakiTxze ukve miRweuli 

aqvs SeTanxmeba. 

svifti [ingl. Society of 

Worldwide Interbank Financial 

Telecommunications, SWIFT] _ 

saerTaSoriso fuladi angariSsworebisa 

da gadasaxdelebis 

ganxorcielebis avtomatizebuli 

sistema kompiutere-

iTa da bankTaSorisi telekomunikaciebiT. 

svopi _ savaWro-finansuri 

gacvliTi operacia, romelSic 

garigebis dadebas fasiani 

qaRaldebis, valutis yidvis 

(gayidvis) Sesaxeb Tan axlavs 

kontrgarigebis dadeba gansaz- 

Rvruli vadis Semdeg imave 

saqonlis ukugayidvis (yidvis) 

Sesaxeb imave an sxva pirobiT. 

`svopingi~ _ fasiani qaRaldebis 

gayidva da Semdgomi 

TiTqmis imavdrouli yidva, 

romelic xorcieldeba im 

mizniT, rom gaeridos gadasaxadebs, 

romlebic gadasaxdelia 


xangrZlivad flobis dros. 

svop-kursi _ bankebis mier 

ucxouri valutis erTdrouli 

yidvisa da gayidvis fasebi im 

pirobiT, rom maTi angariSsworeba 

xorcieldeba sxvadasxva 

dros. 

`svopcioni~ _ svopisa da 

ofcionis kombinacia ofcionis 

formiT, operacia svopis 

dadebaze gansazRvruli pirobebiT. 

simpoziumi [berZ. symposia _ 

wveuleba] _ saerTaSoriso 

TaTbiri raime samecniero 

sakiTxze. 

sindikati [laT. sindikatus, 

sindicus] _ erTgvarovani 

produqciis gamomSveb sawarmoTa 

xanmokle gaerTianeba, 

romelic erTiani savaWro 

qseliT aseTi produqciis 

sarealizaciod iqmneba. 

75 

sindicirebuli krediti _ 

krediti, romelic msesxebels 

ramdenime kreditoris mier 

eZleva. 

sindicirebuli operacia _ 

operacia, romelic bankebis, 

kompaniebis jgufis mier 

xorcieldeba. 

sinekura _ (gadat.). kargad 

anazRaurebuli Tanamdeboba. 

sinergia [berZ. synergos _ 

erTad moqmedeba] _ (ekon.). 

saqmianobis efeqtianobis zrda 

imis Sedegad, rom ganxorcieldeba 

calkeuli nawilebis 

SeerTeba, integracia, Serwyma 

erT sistemaSi e.w. sistemuri 

efeqtis xarjze. 

sinTezuri maCveneblebi 

[frang. synthegis _ SeerTeba] _ 

ganmazogadebeli maCveneblebi, 

romlebic axasiaTeben ekonomikur 

obieqts, ekonomikur sistemas 

mTlianad, misi nawilebis 

organul mTlianobaSi. 

sinior (e), (siniora) [ital. 

signore, signora] _ (dipl.). italiaSi: 

zrdilobiani xseneba 

mamakacisa (qalisa) an misdami 

mimarTva. Cveulebriv, warmoi- 

Tqmis (iwereba) gvarTan erTad. 

sinqromarketingi [berZ. 

sinchronos _ erTdrouli da 

ingl. market _ bazari] _ 

marketingis erT-erTi saxeoba, 

romelsac atareben firmebi 

maT saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze 

cvalebadi, aramdgradi 

moTxovnis pirobebSi (mag., 

sezonis dros daAa.S.). 

sistemuri analizi [berZ. 

systēma _ mTliani, romelic

Sedgenilia nawilebisagan da 

analisis _ daSla, danawevreba] _ 

(ekon.). rTuli mravaldoniani 

da mravalkomponentiani sistemebis, 

obieqtebis, procesebis 

da meTodebis erToblioba, 

romlebic sistemis elementebs 

Soris kompleqsur 

midgomas, urTierTkavSiris 

gaTvaliswinebas efuZneba. 

situaciuri marTva [laT. 

situatio _ mdgomareoba] _ 

(menej.). operatiuli marTva, 

romelic strategiuli, perspeqtiuli 

marTvis damatebiT 

xorcieldeba. 

siurveieri [ingl. surveyer] _ 

eqsperti, romelic damzRvevis 

an mzRvevelis TxovniT daz- 

Rveuli an dasazRvevi gemebisa 

da tvirTis daTvalierebas 

axorcielebs. 

sif-i [ingl. CIF inicialuri 

abreviatura sityvebidan _ cost 

_ fasi, insurance _ dazRveva da 

freight _ fraxti] _ saqonlis 

miwodebis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli 

piroba saerTaSoriso 

vaWrobaSi, romlis Tanaxmad, 

gamyidveli valdebulia daaz- 

Rvios saqoneli da gadaixados 

fraxti, miitanos saqoneli 

portSi da datvirTos 

igi gemze SeTanxmebul vadaSi, 

gadasces myidvels konosamenti 

(sasaqonlo qviTari) da 

dazRvevis polisi. 

skalperi [ingl. scalper] _ 

fasebis swraf meryeobaze moqmedi 

birJis wevri. 

76 

skeiti [ingl. scathe] _ 

aqciebis kotirebaze dilerebis 

uari, rac winaswar gamocxadebulia 

maT mier masmediis 

saSualebiT. 

skvoteri [ingl. squeatter] _ 

xizani; piri, romelic ukanonod 

iWreba sxvis sakuTrebaSi. 

skonto _ saqonlis fas- 

Camokleba misi gadaxdis vadis 

dadgomamde ganaRdebis dros. 

skripi _ axal aqciebze 

sertifikatebis winaswari 

gacema. 

slogani _ sareklamo 

lozungi, devizi, sareklamo 

ideis mokle, advilad aRqmadi, 

efeqturi formulireba. 

smart-karta _ plastikuri 

saangariSsworebo sabanko 

baraTi Cadgmuli mikroprocesorebiT. 

sorti [frang. sorte] _ 

saqonlis dayofa xarisxis 

mixedviT garkveul jgufebad. 

spekulacia sabirJo, savaluto 

[laT. speculatio _ zverva] 

_ aqciebis, obligaciebis, 

valutis yidva-gadayidva mogebis 

misaRebad. 

specializacia [frang. 

spécialisation] _ saqmianobis Tavmoyra 

SedarebiT viwro specialur 

mimarTulebebze, calkeul 

teqnologiur operaciebze 

an gamosaSvebi produqciis 

saxeobebze. 

specifikacia [frang. spécification] 

_ gasayidad an misawodeblad 

SeTavazebuli saqonlis 

CamonaTvali, romelSic

naCvenebia misi raodenoba, 

xarisxi, marka, xarisxobrivi 

maxasiaTeblebi, xolo aucilebel 

SemTxvevaSi _ fasebic. 

spikeri [ingl. Speaker] _ 

piri, romelic parlamentis 

sxdomas Tavmjdomareobs. 

spiritualuri [laT. spiritus 

_ sulieri] _ eklesiuri, 

wminda, RvTiseuli, gonebrivi. 

spliti _ korporaciebis, 

aqcioneruli kompaniebis ararealizebuli 

aqciebis dayofa, 

danawileba naklebad msxvili 

aqciebis did raodenobad maTi 

gavrcelebis gasaadvileblad. 

sponsori [ingl. sponsor] _ 1. 

Tavdebi, garanti. 2. fizikuri 

an iuridiuli piri, romelic 

afinansebs ekonomikur proeqts, 

socialuri RonisZiebis 

gatarebas. 3. SemkveTi, organizatori, 

msxvili RonisZiebis 

momwyobi. 

spoti [ingl. spot _ naRdi, 

dauyovnebliv gasanaRdebeli] 

– sabirJo an arasabirJo 

garigeba arsebuli saqonlis 

an valutis gayidvis Sesaxeb, 

romliTac gaTvaliswinebulia 

Zalze moklevadiani (erTi 

dRe-Rame) miwodeba da ganaRdeba. 

sprederi _ birJis vaWari, 

romelic yidulobs da imavdroulad 

yidis fiuCersul 

kontraqtebs drois sxvadasxva 

periodiT. 

spredi [ingl. spread] _ (vaWr.). 

1. fiuCersuli kontraqtebis 

imavdrouli yidva da gayidva 

erTsa da imave saqonelze 

77 

miwodebis sxvadasxva vadiT. 2. 

erTi tipis ofcionebis imavdrouli 

yidva da gayidva 

sxvadasxva fasSi an vadis 

gasvlis sxvadasxva periodSi. 

3. fasebis meryeobis gaqaneba. 

stagnacia [laT. stagno _ 

vaCereb] _ (ekon.). warmoebis, 

vaWrobisa da misT. Seneleba, 

Seferxeba. 

stagflacia [laT. stagno _ 

vxdi umoZraos da inflatio _ 

gaberva] _ (ekon.). stagnaciisa 

da inflaciis Sexameba, ekonomikis 

mdgomareoba, roca 

erTdroulad xdeba warmoebis 

dacema, fasebisa da umuSevrobis 

zrda, ekonomikuri krizisis 

inflaciasTan Sexameba. 

stadia [berZ. stadio] _ 

ekonomikuri procesis periodi, 

faza, safexuri. mag., produqciis 

sasicocxlo ciklis 

stadiebi: danergva, zrda, 

simwife da dacema. 

standarti [ingl. standard _ 

norma, nimuSi] _ 1. dargis, 

sawarmos (firmis) oficialuri 

saxelmwifo an normatiuli 

dokumenti, romliTac aucilebeli 

Tvisebrivi maxasia- 

Teblebi, moTxovnebi dgindeba. 

2. nimuSi, etaloni, romelsac 

sxva amgvar obieqts udareben. 

statistika [ingl. statistics < 

laT.] _ (ekon.). mecniereba, 

romelic swavlobs raodenobriv 

cvlilebebs adamianTa 

sazogadoebaSi. 

statusi [laT. status _ 

mdgomareoba] _ saerTaSoriso

samarTlis subieqtTa samarTlebrivi 

mdgomareoba, romelic 

dadgenilia saerTaSoriso 

samarTlis normebiT. 

status-kvo [laT. status quo] _ 


raime garkveul momentSi 

(winaT an amJamad), arsebuli 

mdgomareoba. 

statuti [laT. statutum _ 

vadgen, vwyvet] _ saerTaSoriso 

samarTalSi: aqti, debuleba, 

wesdeba saerTaSoriso 

organizaciis saqmianobisa da 

wesis Sesaxeb, romelic am 

organizaciis struqturas, uflebebsa 

da valdebulebebs 

gansazRvravs. mag., gaeros 

saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos 

statuti da sxv. 

stelaJi [germ. Stellage _ 

ormagi ofcioni] _ fasiani 

qaRaldebis yidva-gayidvis 

vadiani garigebis forma, romelic 

xasiaTdeba imiT, rom 

pirovneba, romelmac iyida 

stelaJi, iZens uflebas _ 

garigebis vadis dadgomis 

dros gamovides Tavisi arCeviT 

fasiani qaRaldebis gamyidvelis 

an myidvelis rolSi. 

stend-bai _ sakredito 

xelSekrulebis pirobebi, 

romelTa Sesabamisad banki 

arezervebs dadgenili vadisaTvis 

daTqmul Tanxas, xolo 

klienti iyenebs mas nawilobriv 

an mTlianad. 

stokbrokeri [ingl. stock 

broker] _ Tavisi saxeliT 

moqmedi piri, romelic yidis 

78 

Tavisi klientebis pais an 

aqciebs. 

stokisti [ingl. stock _ 

kapitali, qoneba] _ importiori 

firma, romelic axorcielebs 

eqsport-importis 

operaciebs konsignaciis wesiT 

xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, 

aqvs sakuTari sawyobi, yidulobs 

da yidis saqonels 

Tavisi saxeliTa da xarjiT. 

strategia [berZ. stratēgia] _ 

sazogadoebriv-politikuri 

brZolis xelmZRvanelobis 

xelovneba. 

stringi [ingl. string _ rigi, 

seria] _ erTgvarovani saqonlis 

jgufi, romelic auqcionze 

erT erTeulad gamodis 

da saerTo fasiT iyideba. 

`strit-neimi~ _ fasiani 

qaRaldebi, romlebic klientis 

nacvlad brokeris 

saxelzea gamowerili. 

subvencia [laT. subvenire] _ 

igivea, rac subsidia; fuladi 

daxmareba, romelsac centraluri 

organoebi gansazRvruli 

RonisZiebis, obieqtis 

miznobrivi dafinansebisaTvis 

gamoyofen. 

subieqti ekonomikuri [laT. 

subjectum _ piri, subieqti] _ 

piri, romelic axorcielebs 

ekonomikur, sameurneo saqmianobas, 

iqneba es calkeuli 

adamiani, ojaxi, sawarmo Tu 

saxelmwifo. 

subijara [laT. sub _ qveS da 

pol. arenda] _ moijaris mier 

ijariT aRebuli qonebis

nawilis ijariT gadacema 

mesame pirisaTvis, romlis 

drosac moijare xdeba ijariT 

gamcemi im piris mimarT, 

romelic moijaris rolSi 

gamodis. 

subordinacia [laT. 

subordinatio] _ ufrosebisadmi 

umcrosebis samsaxurebrivi 

daqvemdebarebis sistema, samsaxurebrivi 

disciplinis dacva. 

subsidia [laT. subsidium _ 

daxmareba, mxardaWera] _ 

fuladi an materialuri 

daxmareba, romelic saxelmwifo 

biujetidan, specialuri 

fondebidan fizikur da 

iuridiul pirebs, sxva saxelmwifoebs 

miecema. uSualod 

micemul daxmarebas pirdapir 

subsidiebs, xolo sagadasaxado 

SeRavaTebs _ arapirdapir 

subsidiebs uwodeben. 

substituti [laT. substitutum 

_ vdeb nacvlad] _ saqoneli, 

romelic misi msgavsi Tvisebebis 

mqone sxva saqonels 

cvlis. 

suvereni [frang. souverain] _ 

umaRlesi Zalauflebis mpyrobeli. 

suvereniteti [germ. 

Souveräinität _ uzenaesoba] _ 

saxelmwifo xelisuflebis 

uzenaesoba qveynis SigniT da 

damoukidebloba saerTaSoriso 

urTierTobebSi. 

suvereniteti ekonomikuri _ 

(samarT.). saxelmwifos, regionnis 

ekonomikuri damoukidebloba 

sxva saxelmwifoebisa da 

regionebisagan. 

79 

supermarketi [ingl. 

Supermarket _ mniSvnelovani 

bazari] _ (vaWr.). msxvili 

maRazia, romelSic mravali 

sxvadasxvagvari saqonelia 

warmodgenili. 

surogati [laT. surrogatus _ 

sxvis nacvlad] _ (ekon.). 

yalbi, falsificirebuli produqti. 

t 

tabeli [laT. tabula, germ. 

Tabelle _ cxrili] _ 1. garkveuli 

wesiT Sedgenili 

obieqtebisa da pirebis 

CamonaTvali; sia. 2. samuSaoze 

muSakebis misvla-wasvlis 

aRricxvis dokumenti. 

tabulagrama [laT. tabula da 

berZ. gramm _ weriTi niSani] _ 

saangariSgebo dokumenti, gaangariSebis 

Sedegi, aRbeWdili 

tabulatorze an kompiuteris 

sabeWd mowyobilobaze. 

tabulatori [laT. tabula _ 

dafa] _ gamomTvleli manqana. 

taimingi [ingl. timing _ 

drois arCeva] _ sabirJo termini, 

romelic niSnavs yvelaze 

ufro xelsayrel moments 

aqciebis yidva-gayidvisaTvis. 

taim-Carteri [ingl. time 

charter] _ (zRv.). xelSekruleba 

savaWro gemis ijariT aRebaze 

garkveuli droiT, Cveulebriv, 

araumetes 12 Tvisa. 

talimani [ingl. tallyman] _ 

saqonlis ganvadebiT gamyidveli.

taloni [frang. talon] _ 1. 

(ekon.). qaRaldi, dokumenti, 


mflobelis uflebas miiRos 

sikeTe, faseuloba, nivTi. 2. 

dokumentis nawili, romelic 

damoukidebeli saxiT gamoiyeneba. 

tantiemi [frang. tantième] _ 

damatebiTi gasamrjelo, premia, 

romelic firmis zemdgom 

xelmZRvanel Semadgenlobas 

firmis mier miRebuli wminda 

mogebidan miecema. 

tara [ital. tara, arab.-dan 

tarha _ gamoqviTva] _ saqonlis 

safuTavi. 

targetireba [ingl. target _ 

mizani] _ fuladi sistemis 

miznobrivi orientirebis 

dadgena, fulis masis namatis 

regulireba, rasac Tavis 

politikaSi iyeneben centraluri 

bankebi. 

tarifi [frang. tarif] _ (ekon.). 

gadasaxadis ganakveTi sxvadasxvagvari 

momsaxurebisaTvis. 

tarifikacia [frang. tarification] 

_ risame tarifis dadgena. 

taqsa [germ. taxe, laT.-dan 

taxare _ Sefasdes] _ tarifebis, 

fasebis, anazRaurebis mkafiod 

dadgenili done; nixri. 

taqsacia [laT. taxatio] _ 

risame nixris dadgena; Sefaseba. 

taqtika [berZ. taktikē _ jaris 

darazmvis xelovneba] _ 1. sazogadoebrivi 

da politikuri 

brZolis xerxebi. 2. (gadat.). 

raime miznis misaRwevi xerxebi. 

80 

taqtika ekonomikuri _ 

xanmokle ekonomikuri qceva, 

romelic mimdinare situaciidan 

gamomdinare SedarebiT 

xanmokle periodisaTvis aris 

gaTvlili. 

tezavracia [berZ. thesauros _ 

ganZi] _ 1. mosaxleobis mier 

fulis dagroveba mimoqcevidan 

misi amoRebis gziT. 2. kerZo 

pirebis mier oqros dagroveba 

ganZis saxiT. 3. qveynis oqros 

maragis Seqmna. 

telemarketingi [ingl. 

telemarketing] _ (vaWr.). gasaReba 

telekomunikaciebis daxmarebiT. 

teleqsuri kavSiri [ingl. 

telegraf exchange] _ satelegrafosaabonento 

kavSirgabmulobis 

erTiani saerTaSoriso avtomatizebuli 

sistema informaciis 

operatiuli gadacemisaTvis. 

teleSopingi [ingl. teleshoping] 

_ sacalo vaWroba telekomunikaciur 

saSualebaTa 

daxmarebiT; saqonlis SekveTa 

nimuSebis mixedviT telefoniT, 

saxlSi mitaniT. 

`telo~ _ sakuTreba 

mzrunvelis xelSi; ZiriTadi 

Tanxa, kapitali. 

tendencia [laT. tendo _ 

miviswrafi] _ analizis Sedegad 

gamovlenili myari urTierTobebi, 

ZiriTadi niSnebi, 

Tvisebebi, mimarTulebebi. 

tenderi [ingl. tender] _ Ria 

an daxuruli konkurentuli 

vaWroba.

terori [laT. terror] _ SiSi, 

saSineleba. 

terorizmi [ingl. terrorism] _ 

politikuri miznebiT ganxorcielebuli 

Zaladobis aqti. 

danaSauli, romelic miznad 

isaxavs xelisuflebaze zemoqmedebas, 

mis daSinebas da 

iZulebas. teroristi _ piri, 

romelic axorcielebs Zaladobis 

aqts politikuri 

miznebiT. 

testi [ingl. test] _ 1. raimes 

muSaobis xarisxis Semowmeba. 2. 

gamocdis Catarebis saSualeba. 

teqnika [berZ. technē _ 

xelovneba] _ 1. (dipl.). molaparakebis 

warmarTvis xerxebis 

erToblioba. 2. sawarmoo saqmianobaSi 

teqnikur saSualebaTa 

erToblioba Sromis 

nayofierebisa da produqciis 

xarisxis asamaRleblad. 

teqnokratia [berZ. technē _ 

xelovneba da kratos _ Zalaufleba] 

_ 1. mmarTvel xelisuflebaSi 

inJinrebisa da mecnierebis 

gadasvla. 2. ekonomikuri 

procesebisa da movlenebisadmi 

wminda teqnikuri 

poziciebidan midgoma. 

teqnologia [berZ. technē _ 

xelovneba da logos _ moZRvreba] 

_ 1. mecniereba nedleulis, 

nakeTobebisa da naxevarfabrikatebis 

damuSavebis fizikur-qimiuri 

da sxva xerxebis 

Sesaxeb. 2. garkveuli wesi- 

Ta da TanamimdevrobiT ganxorcielebul 

operaciaTa 

erToblioba. 

81 

teqnologiuri parki [ingl. 

industrial park] _ mecnierebisa da 

warmoebis teritoriuli 

integraciis axali forma, 

romelic, ZiriTadad, Tavisufal 

savaWro zonebSia 

ganviTarebuli. 

teqnopolisi [berZ. technē _ 

xelovneba da polis _ qalaqi] _ 

Tavisufali ekonomikuri 

zonis erT-erTi forma, romelic 

inovaciuri procesebis 

dasaCqareblad iqmneba. 

`tvisti~ [ingl. twist] _ 

saxelmwifo organoebis mcdeloba 

Secvalon procentuli 

ganakveTebis droebiTi struqtura. 

tikeri [ingl. tiker] _ 

sistema, romelic `morbenali 

striqoniT~ eleqtro tabloze 

asaxavs yvelaze ukanasknel 

sabirJo garigebaTa kursebs. 

tiki _ birJaze kursis minimaluri 

meryeoba, romelic 

dadgenilia sabirJo wesebiT. 

tiraJi [frang. tirage _ weva] 

_ sesxis an latariis mogebaTa 

gaTamaSeba. 

tituli [laT. titulus _ 

warwera, sapatio wodeba] _ 1. 

iuridiuli, dokumenturi dasabuTeba 

uflebisa garkveul 

qmedebebze, gansakuTrebul 

mdgomareobaze, qonebaze, saqonlis 

flobaze. 2. gansakuTrebuli 

kari kanonSi an 

kanonTa kodeqsSi. 

`tom-neksti~ _ kombinirebuli 

sabirJo garigeba, 

romelic faqtobrivad iwyeba

meore, xolo mTavrdeba mesame 

dRes. mag., erTdroulad 

valutis yidva miwodebiT 

Semdeg samuSao dRes da gayidviT 

meore samuSao dRes. 

tonaJi [ingl. tonnage] _ 

registrirebuli tevadoba, 

satransporto saSualebis 

tvirTamweoba, gamoxatuli 

tonobiT. 

topiksi [ingl. TOPIX – Tokio 

stock price index] _ fasiani 

qaRaldebis fasebis specialuri 

indeqsi tokios safondo 

birJaze. 

totalitarizmi [frang. 

totalitaire] _ politikuri sistema, 

romelSic saxelmwifos 

absoluturi Zalaufleba aqvs 

Tavis moqalaqeebze. 

tradicia [laT. traditio _ 

gadacema] _ istoriulad Camoyalibebuli, 

Taobidan Taobas 

gadacemuli wes-Cveulebebi, 

yofaqcevis normebi, Sexedulebebi 

da sxv. 

trakacia _ winaswari 

winadadeba saqonlis gayidvis 

an yidvis Sesaxeb, im mizniT, 

rom gairkves dainteresebul 

pirTa reaqcia. 

tranziti [laT. transitus] _ 

tvirTebis gadazidva, mgzavrebis 

gadayvana Sualeduri 

punqtis gavliT. 

trans- [laT. trans -iT, 

gavliT, gamWol] _ rTuli 

sityvis pirveli Semadgeneli 

nawili. aRniSnavs: 1. moZraobas 

risame gavliT. 2. risame 

saSualebiT gadacemas. 

82 

transaqcia [laT. transactio _ 

Sesruleba, xelSekruleba] _ 1. 

sabanko operacia, romliTac 

xdeba fuladi saxsrebis 

gadagzavna erTi angariSidan 

meoreze. 2. politikur-iuridiuli 

SeTanxmeba, romelsac 

Tan axlavs urTierTdaTmoba. 

translacia [ingl. translatio] 

_ saqonlis Rirebulebis gadaangariSeba 

erTi valutidan 

meoreSi. 

transporti [laT. transporto 

_ gadamaqvs] _ 1. meurneobis 

dargi, romelsac gadahyavs 

mgzavrebi da gadaaqvs tvirTi. 

2. bankis werilobiTi brZaneba 

Tavisi korespondentebisadmi 

brZanebaSi miTiTebuli pirisaTvis 

Tanxis misacemad. 

transferi, transferti 

[ingl. transfer, frang. transfert _ 

gadacema] _ 1. ucxouri 

valutis erTi qveynidan meoreSi 

gadagzavna. 2. erTi piris 

mier meorisaTvis fasiani 

qaRaldebis flobis uflebis 

gadacema. 3. garigebis mixedviT 

sazRauris erTi angariSidan 

meoreze gadatana. 4. erTi 

qveynidan meoreSi moqalaqeTa 

gadasvla. 

transformacia [laT. 

transformatio _ Secvla] _ ekonomikuri 

saqmianobis struqturebis, 

formebisa da xerxebis 

gardaqmna, misi miznobrivi 

mimarTulebis Secvla. 

tranSa, tranSi [frang. 

tranchée] _ saobligacio sesxis 

seria, romelic calke gamoSvebad 

gamodis.

trasanti [germ. Trassant, 

ital.-dan trassante] _ gadasagzavni 

Tamasuqis mflobeli, 

romelic pasuxismgebelia mis 

aqceptsa da gadaxdaze. 

trasati [germ. Trassat, ital. 

trassate _ Tamasuqis gadagzavna] 

_ gadasagzavni Tamasuqis 

gadamxdeli, movale. 

trasti _ 1. iuridiuli 

dokumenti an iuridiuli 

qmedeba, romelic erT pirs 

meoris mxridan akisrebs 

ndobiTi sakuTrebis marTvis 

iuridiul funqcias, mindobilobas. 

2. sakuTrebis ndobiTi 

marTvis procesi. 

trast-kompania _ 1. 

kompania, romelic asrulebs 

ndobiT funqcias, e.i. moqmedebs 

im piris davalebiT, 

romelmac ando mas es qmedeba. 

2. ndobiT aRWurvili piri, 

romelic qonebas misi mflobelis 

davalebiT marTavs. 

trast-sertifikati [ingl. 

trust sertificate] _ fasiani qaRaldi, 

romelsac miznobrivad 

axali mowyobilobis SeZenisaTvis 

uSveben. 

trastuli SeTanxmeba _ 

SeTanxmeba banksa da klients 

Soris, riTac banki Tavis 

Tavze iRebs klientis 

Tanxebis marTvaze zrunvas. 

trata [ital. tratta] _ 

gadasagzavni Tamasuqi, sagareo 

vaWrobaSi: saangariSsworebo 

dokumenti. 

trata domicilirebuli 

[ingl. domicifed bill] _ trata, 

83 

romelzec aqceptantis mier 

miTiTebulia gadaxdis adgili. 

treideri [ingl. trade _ 

vivaWroT] _ 1. sabirJo 

vaWrobaSi monawile sabrokero 

firmis muSaki. 2. nebismieri 

iuridiuli an fizikuri 

piri, romelsac ufleba aqvs 

dados garigeba birJaze. 3. 

movaWre. 

trendi [ingl. trend] _ 

ekonomikuri maCveneblebis 

Secvlis mimarTuleba, romelic 

ganisazRvreba saangariSgebo, 

statistikuri monacemebis 

damuSavebisa da amis safuZvelze 

ekonomikuri zrdis 

an dacemis tendenciis dadgeniT. 

tresti [ingl. trust] _ 

firmebis gaerTianeba, romel- 

Sic misi monawileebi TavianT 

savaWro-sawarmoo mmarTvelobiT 

funqciebs centris 

xelmZRvanelobas gadascemen. 

tribunali [laT. tribunal] _ 

sagangebo sasamarTlo. 

trigeri [ingl. trigger] _ 

sakredito SeTanxmebis pirobebi, 

romlis drosac avtomaturad 

dgeba raime Sedegi, 

mag., kreditis vadamde dafarvis 

moTxovna. 

triplikati [ingl. triplicate] 

_ dokumenti, romelic Sedgenilia 

sam egzemplarad. Saer- 

TaSoriso vaWrobaSi: kontraqtis 

mesame egzemplaris beWdiT 

damowmeba.

u 

uzurpacia [laT. usurpatio] _ 

Zalauflebis ukanonod xelSi 

Cagdeba, sxvisi uflebebis 

miTviseba. 

uzufruqti [laT. usus _ 

gamoyeneba da fructus _ nayofi, 

Semosavali] _ (samarT.). sxvisi 

sakuTrebis Semosavlis an 

miwis gamoyenebis ufleba. 

uikendi [ingl. week-end] _ 

`kviris bolo~; dasvenebis dro 

paraskevsaRamodan orSabaTdilamde 

(romelsac, qalaqgareT 

atareben). 

ultimatumi [laT. ultimatum 

_ ukanaskneli] _ erTi saxelmwifos 

kategoriuli moTxovna 

meoris mimarT, romlis 

Seusruleblobas mosdevs 

diplomatiuri urTierTobis 

gawyveta an Zalis gamoyeneba. 

ultimo [ital. ultimo _ 

ukanaskneli, bolo] _ komerciul 

da sabirJo praqtikaSi: 

Tvis bolo dRe, garigebis 

damTavrebis bolo vada. 

ultra [laT. ultra] _ 

prefiqsi, romelic aRniSnavs 

eqstremalurs, ukiduress (mag., 

ultraTanamedrove). 

ultra viresi [laT. ultra 

vires _ SesaZleblobis zeviT] _ 

saqmianoba, romelic garkveul 

uflebebs aRemateba da uflebamosilebaTa 

CarCoebs miRmaa 

gamosuli. 

unia [laT. unio _ erTianoba, 

gaerTianeba] _ saerTaSoriso 

84 

samarTalSi ori an ramdenime 

saxelmwifos gaerTianeba erTi 

saxelmwifos meTaurobiT. 

unitaruli [frang. unitaire] _ 

mTliani, erTiani. unitaruli 

saxelmwifo _ federaciul 

erTeulebad (Statebi, mxareebi 

da sxv.) dauyofadi saxelmwifo. 

unifikacia [laT. unus _ erTi 

da facio _ vakeTeb] _ saerTo 

normaze gadayvana; gaerTianeba. 

uncia [laT. uncia] _ woniTi 

erTeuli (daaxloebiT, 30 gr.). 

uol-striti [ingl. Wall- 

Street] _ niu-iorkSi: quCa, sadac 

moTavsebulia udidesi bankebi, 

niu-iorkis safondo birJa da 

sxv. 

uoranti, varanti [ingl. 

warrant] _ mowmoba, romelic 

gaicema saqonlis Sesanaxad 

miRebis Taobaze saqonlis 

wonis, xarisxisa da raodenobis 

miTiTebiT. 

urbanizacia [frang. 

urbanisation] _ mrewvelobisa da 

mosaxleobis msxvil qalaqebSi 

Tavmoyra. 

utilizacia [laT. utilis _ 

sasargeblo] _ warmoebis 

narCenebis (jarTi da sxv.) 

meoradi gamoyeneba. 

utilitarizmi [laT. utilitas 

_ sargebeli, gamorCena] _ ekonomikuri 

azris mimdinareoba, 

romelic sagnebs, nivTebs, 

procesebsa da movlenebs maTi 

sargeblianobis, gamoyenebis 

TvalsazrisiT afasebs.

f 

fabrikati [laT. fabricatus _ 

damzadebuli] _ gadamamuSavebeli 

mrewvelobis damTavrebuli 

produqti, mza nawarmi. 

favoriti [frang. favorite, 

laT. favor _ keTilganwyobileba] 

_ 1. adamiani, romelic 

sargeblobs maRali Tanamdebobis 

mqone piris keTilganwyobiT. 

2. korporacia, firma, 

romelsac konkurentul brZolaSi 

sxvebTan SedarebiT mogebis 

miRebis meti Sansi aqvs. 

falsifikacia [laT. falsifico 

_ vayalbeb] _ raime namdvilis, 

WeSmaritis Secvla mcdariT, 

yalbiT; risame gayalbeba, 

xarisxis gauareseba. 

fao [ingl. FAO] – gaeros 

sasursaTo da sasoflosameurneo 

organizacia. 

fas-i [ingl. FAS, free alongside 

ship _ Tavisufalia gemis bortis 

gaswvriv] _ saerTaSoriso 

vaWrobaSi gavrcelebuli sabaziso 

piroba, romelic saqonlis 

miwodebisa da ganaRdebis 

wess gansazRvravs. 

faqsimile [laT. fac simile _ 

gaakeTe msgavsi] _ beWedi, 

kliSe, romlis gamoyenebiT 

adamianis xelmowera meordeba. 

faqtori [ingl. factor _ 

agenti, Suamavali] _ 1. sawarmos 

(ekonomikis) ganviTarebis 

erT-erTi ZiriTadi resursi 

(miwa, Sroma, kapitali, mewarmeoba). 

2. agenti, romelsac 

85 

evaleba da aqvs saqonlis 

gayidvis uflebamosileba. 

faqtoria [ingl. factory < 

laT.] _ savaWro dasaxleba 

Semoziduli da gasazidi 

saqonlis sawyobebiT, romlebic 

ganlagebulia sxva qveyanaSi. 

faqtoringi [ingl. factoring, 

factor-gan _ agenti, Suamavali] 

_ finansuri momsaxurebis (valebis 

amoReba) saxeoba, romelsac 

komerciuli bankebi 

wvril da saSualo firmebs 

uweven. 

faqtura [laT. factura _ 

damuSaveba, agebuleba] _ gamyidvelis 

mier myidvelis 

saxelze gamowerili sasaqonlo 

dokumenti angariSis saxiT, 

romelic gayiduli 

saqonlis saxeobis, raodenobisa 

da Rirebulebis Sesaxeb 

monacemebs Seicavs. 

federacia [laT. federation _ 

kavSiri, gaerTianeba] _ 

saxelmwifo wyobilebis forma, 

mmarTvelobis tipi; saxelmwifoebis 

an organizaciebis 

jgufi, romelTac hyavT centraluri 

xelmZRvaneli organo, 

romelic maTi warmomadgenelia 

da maT saerTo interesebs 

icavs. 

fiasko [ital. fiasco] _ 

Cavardna, sruli warumatebloba, 

marcxi. 

fiducia [laT. fiducia] _ 

ndobaze damyarebuli xelSekruleba.

fiduciari _ ndobiT aRWurvili 

iuridiuli an fizikuri 

piri, romelic marTavs qonebas 

da atarebs masze pasuxismgeblobas 

sxva piris sasargeblod. 

filantropi [berZ. Philanthröpos] 

_ qvelmoqmedi, mowyale 

adamiani. 

filiera _ gamyidvelis mier 

gacemuli gansakuTrebuli 

Tamasuqi, romlis mflobels 

winadadeba eZleva miiRos 

mitanili saqoneli, romelic 

masze miyidulia garkveuli 

pirobebiTa da fasiT. 

finansebi [frang. finanse, 

laT. financia _ naRdi fuli, 

Semosavali] _ ganmazogadebeli 

ekonomikuri termini; 

fuladi saxsrebi, finansuri 

resursebi, ganxiluli maT 

Seqmna-moZraobaSi, ganawilebagadanawilebaSi, 

gamoyenebaSi. 

fio [ingl. FIO] _ saerTa- 

Soriso vaWrobaSi gavrcelebuli 

saqonlis miwodebis 

piroba, romlis Tanaxmad 

CatvirTva-gadmotvirTvis samu- 

SaoTa Rirebulebis gadaxda 

tvirTis gamgzavnis an gemis 

mflobelis mier xdeba. 

firma [ital. firma] _ 

iuridiuli piris uflebis 

mqone sawarmos, kompaniis 

zogadi saxelwodeba. 

fiski [laT. fiscus] _ (finans.). 

saxelmwifo xazina. 

fiuCersi [ingl. future _ 

momavali] _ aqciebis, valutis 

an saqonlis yidva-gayidva 

86 

momavalSi misawodeblad. 1. 

saswrafo garigeba fasebis 

ryevisagan TavdasaRwevad; 

SeTanxmebul droSi yidvis an 

gayidvis kontraqti. 2. garkveuli 

vadiT Sesyiduli 

saqoneli. 3. vadiani xelSekrulebebi. 

fiuCersuli garigebebi, 

fiuCerebi [ingl. futures _ 

saqoneli, SeZenili winaswar, 

daswrebiT] _ birJaze saswrafod 

dadebuli garigebebi sanedleulo 

saqonlis, oqros, 

valutis, fasiani qaRaldebis 

yidva-gayidvis Sesaxeb garagebis 

dadebis momentSi moqmedi 

fasebiT, nayidi saqonlis miwodebiTa 

da SemdgomSi ganaRdebiT. 

fiuCersuli kontraqti _ 

SeTanxmeba, romelic iyideba 

bazarze, rogorc fasiani 

qaRaldebi. 

fiqcia [laT. fictio] _ 1. 

mogonili, SeTxzuli ram. 2. 

sinamdvilis Seuferebeli, 

gamogonili mdgomareoba, romelsac 

raime mizniT iyeneben 

rogorc namdvils. 

fiqsacia [frang. fixcation] _ 

risame aRniSvna, registrireba, 

sabolood gansazRvra. mag., 

saqonlis, fasiani qaRaldebis 

fasebis gansazRvrul doneze 

SeCereba. 

fiqsingi [ingl. fixing, ingl. 

fix _ ganmtkiceba, dadgena] _ 

saqonlis fasi, romelic 

dadgenilia birJaze drois 

mocemul momentSi.

fiqciuri kapitali [frang. 

fictif, laT. fictio _ mogonili, 

SeTxzuli] _ kapitali, romelic 

realurisagan gansxvavebiT, 

materialur-nivTobriv 

an sulier faseulobas ar 

warmoadgens. igi, Cveulebriv, 

fasiani qaRaldia, romelic 

maT mflobelebs aZlevs Semosavlis 

miRebis uflebas dividendebis, 

procentebis saxiT. 

fluqtuacia [laT. fluctuatio] 

_ (finans.). gacvliTi kursis 

meryeoba. 

fob-i [ingl. FOB (Free on 

board) _ Tavisuflad gemis 

bortze] _ saerTaSoriso 

vaWrobaSi: saqonlis gadazidvis 

erT-erTi piroba, romlis 

Tanaxmad gamyidveli valdebulia 

miitanos saqoneli navsadgurSi 

da datvirTos igi 

myidvelis mier miTiTebul 

gemze. 

fondi [frang. fond, laT. 

fondus-dan _ daarseba, dafuZneba] 

_ 1. maragi, fuladi 

saxsrebis dagroveba, fuladi 

kapitali. 2. fuladi da materialuri 

saSualebebi, romlebic 

Tavmoyrilia erTad 

garkveuli miznebisaTvis. 3. 

organizacia, dawesebuleba, 

romelic Seqmnilia garkveuli 

jgufis adamianTa daxmarebis 

gasawevad (mag., saqvelmoqmedo, 

samecniero da sxv.). 

foreqsoli [ingl. FXall] _ 

eleqtronuli safondo birJa 

aSS-Si, evropasa da aziaSi. 

87 

forvardi [ingl. forward _ 

win] _ vadiani, swrafi angariSsworebis 

forma, romelic 

garigebis dadebis Semdeg ara 

umetes ori samuSao dRis 

ganmavlobaSi tardeba. 

formaluri [laT. forma] _ 1. 

garkveviT da iuridiulad 

sworad dawerili. 2. mxolod 

garegnuli, araarsebiTi, moCvenebiTi. 

formaloba _ oficialuri 

procedura, an is, rac 

unda gakeTdes kanonis an 

Cveulebis Tanaxmad. 

formuliari [germ. Formular, 

laT. formula -gan _ forma, wesi] 

_ savaWro dokumenti, xel- 

Sekruleba, romlis teqsti 

ZiriTadad Sedgenilia winaswar 

da mxolod ramdenime 

striqonis Sevsebasa da xelmoweras 

iTxovs, ris Semdegac 

is iuridiul Zalas iZens. 

forsmaJori [frang. fore 

majeure] _ viTareba, romlis 

Tavidan acileba SeuZlebelia; 

gadaulaxavi dabrkoleba. 

forumi [laT. forum] _ 1. 

farTo warmomadgenlobiTi 

kreba. 2. (gadat.). adgili, 

sadac imarTeba Sekreba, azrTa 

gacvla-gamocvla. 

forfeitingi [frang. a forfai 

_ mTlianad, saerTo TanxiT] _ 

eqsportiorebis, gamyidvelebis 

dakreditebis Taviseburi forma 

saqonlis gayidvis dros, 

romelic sagareo vaWrobaSi 

ufro gamoiyeneba. am operaciis 

dros banki (forfeitori) 

eqsportiorisagan gamo-

isyidis importioris fulad 

valdebulebas _ gaanaRdos mis 

mier nayidi saqoneli maSinve 

saqonlis miwodebis Semdeg da 

vadamde, mTlianad an nawilobriv 

Tavad unaRdebs saqonlis 

Rirebulebas eqsportiors. 

vadamde ganaRdebisaTvis 

banki-forfeitori eqsportiors 

procents axdevinebs. 

fostisi _ moTxovnisa da 

gasaRebis stimulirebis formebis 

RonisZieba. 

fra [ingl. FRA, forward rate 

agreement] _ (ekon., samarT.). 

kontraqti banksa da firmas 

Soris, romelic gansazRvruli 

odenobis Tanxaze garkveuli 

periodis ganmavlobaSi 

ucvleli procentuli ganakveTis 

garantias iZleva. 

franko [ital. franco _ 

Tavisufali] _ saerTaSoriso 

vaWrobaSi: termini, romelic 

aRniSnavs saqonlis datvir- 

Tvas da gagzavnas gamyidvelis 

xarjiT. 

fraqcia [frang. fraction] _ 

(polit.). 1. adamianebis jgufi 

ufro didi organizaciis SigniT. 

mag., politikuri partiisa, 

visac gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi 

gaaCnia an gansakuTrebuli 

miznebi aqvs da 

partiis ZiriTad xazs ar 

iziarebs. 2. parlamentSi: ama 

Tu im partiis deputatTa 

jgufi, romelic iqmneba partiis 

mier SemuSavebuli xazis 

gasatareblad. 

franSiza [frang. franchise _ 

SeRavaTi] _ 1. iseTi komer- 

88 

ciuli sawarmos Seqmnis ufleba, 

romelic Tavisi ufrosi 

partnioris saqonliT vaWrobs. 

2. dazRvevis pirobebiT gaTvaliswinebuli 

qonebis damzRvevi 

piris zaralis nawili, 

romelic mzRvevelis mier 

anazRaurebas ar eqvemdebareba. 

fraxti [germ.FFracht] _ 1. 

tvirTis gadazidvis gadasaxdeli 

wylis transportiT. 

dafraxtva _ daqiraveba. 2. 

tvirTi, gadaziduli fraxtiT 

da Tavad tvirTis gada-zidva. 

fri-raideri [ingl. free rider] 

_ birJis klienti, romelic 

iyenebs xelSekrulebaSi adre 

SeTanxmebul vadaze garigebis 

saswrafo ganaRdebis praqtikas, 

ris xarjzec birJis 

wesebis gverdis avliT damatebiT 

mogebas iRebs. 

fritrederoba [ingl. 

freetrade] _ ekonomikuri mimdinareoba, 

romelic sameurneo 

cxovrebaSi vaWrobis Tavisuflebasa 

da saxelmwifos 

Caurevlobas emxroba; Tavisufali 

vaWroba. 

friholdi [ingl. freehold] _ 

miwis an qonebis ganusazRvreli 

droiT (sapirisp. Lizholdi) 

flobis absoluturi 

ufleba rentis gadaxdis gare- 

Se. 

frustracia [ingl. frustracion] 

_ (samarT.). xelSekrulebis 

amaoeba, misi gegmebis darRveva, 

moSla. 

fundamenturi [laT. 

fundamentum] _ 1. ZiriTadi; 

mTavari. 2. (gadat.). arsebiTi.

mag., xelSekrulebis arsebiTi 

piroba, romlis Seusrulebloba 

meore mxares am 

SeTanxmebis gawyvetis uflebas 

aZlevs. 

qarizma [ingl. charisma] _ 

gavlena, dafuZnebuli xelmZRvanelis 

pirovnul Tvisebebze 

an mis unarze Semoikribos 

momxreebi. 

qartia [berZ. chatēs] _ 

saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri 

mniSvnelobis mqone zogi dokumentis 

saxelwodeba. mag., 

Tavisuflebis didi qartia. 

qenveseri [ingl. canvasser] _ 

piri, romelic xmebis mosagroveblad 

binebSi dadis. 

q 

S 

SantaJi [frang. chantage] _ 

(samarT.). saxelis gamtexi 

faqtebis (namdvilisa Tu 

mogonilis) gamomJRavnebis 

muqara da am gziT gamoZalva 

(fulisa, qonebisa da sxv.). 

SariaTi [arab. šarïat] _ 

zogierT muslimur qveyanaSi: 

religiur-iuridiuli normebis 

erToblioba. 

Seixi [arab. šeih] _ muslimTa 

umaRlesi sasuliero piri, 

RvTismetyveli da samarTlismcodne. 

89 

Serifi [ingl. sheriff] _ 

inglisisa da aSS-is sagrafoebSi: 

Tanamdebobis piri, 

romelic asrulebs administraciul 

da sasamarTlo 

funqciebs. 

Sefi [ingl. chief _ yvelaze 

mniSvnelovani] _ mTavari: 

Tanamdebobis piri; xelmZRvaneli; 

lideri. 

Sikaneri _ arakeTilsindisieri 

movaWre. 

Sokuri Terapia [frang. chok 

_ dartyma] _ ekonomikis gajansaRebisaTvis 

radikalur 

RonisZiebaTa kompleqsi, romelic 

mimarTulia misTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli uaryofiTi 

movlenebis _ fasebis zrdis, 

inflaciis da a.S. Semcirebisaken. 

SomaJi _ stiqiuri movlenebis 

gamo warmoebis 

gaCerebis Sedegad finansuri 

zaralis dazRveva. 

Sop-turi [ingl. shop tour] _ 

organizebuli sazRvargare- 

Tuli mogzauroba marSrutiT, 

romlis mTavari mizania 

farTo moxmarebis saqonlis 

SeZena, rogorc wesi, misi 

Semdgomi gadayidvisaTvis. 

Stati [ingl. State] _ 1. 

federaluri saxelmwifos 

naxevraddamoukidebeli nawili. 

2. mmarTvelobiTi struqturis 

erTeuli. 

Straikbrexeri [germ. 

Streikbrecher] _ piri, romelic 

agrZelebs muSaobas, rodesac 

gaficvaa gamocxadebuli.

Suleri [pol. szuler] _ 

TaRliTi, profesionali yal- 

Tabandi. 

Carteri [ingl. charter] _ 

transportis (gemis, TviTmfrinavis, 

avtobusis) specialuri 

mizniT daqiraveba, 

dafraxtva. 

Ceki [ingl. check] _ fasiani 

qaRaldebis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli 

saxeoba; dokumenti, 

romelic Seicavs meanabris 

gankargulebas bankisadmi, rom 

man mimdinare angariSidan 

gadauxados an gadauricxos 

warmdgens garkveuli Tanxa. 

C 

c 

cedenti [laT. cedo _ 

vuTmob] _ 1. samoqalaqo 

samarTalSi: piri, romelic 

Tavis kuTvnil uflebas sxva 

pirs gadascems. 2. dazRvevaSi: 

sadazRvevo kompania, romelic 

risks xelaxla azRvevs. 

ceremonia [laT. caerimonia _ 

mowiweba, Tayvaniscema] – 

(dipl.). oficialuri xasiaTis 

zeimi, romelic garkveuli 

wesebiT, winaswar Sedgenili 

gegmiT tardeba. 

cesia [laT. cessia _ gadacema] 

_ (samarT.). sakuTrebis, saxsrebis 

flobis an maTi 

miRebis Tavisi uflebis sxva 

pirebze gadacema. mag., kredi- 

90 

tors (cedents) valis miRebis 

Tavisi ufleba SeuZlia sxva 

pirs (cesionars) gadasces. 

cesionari [ingl. cessionary] _ 

1. piri, romelic kreditori 

misTvis moTxovnis uflebis 

gadacemiT xdeba. 2. memkvidre, 

romelsac finansuri operaciebis 

Catarebis an memkvidreobis 

ufleba gadaecema. 3. 

sadazRvevo kompania, romelic 

xelaxali dazRvevis risks 

(gadamzRvevi) Tavis Tavze 

iRebs. 

civilistika [laT. civilis] _ 

samoqalaqo samarTali. 

cikli [berZ. kyklos _ wre] _ 

procesebis, samuSaoebis, operaciebis 

erToblioba, romelic 

mTlianobaSi damTavrebul 

wriul Tanamimdevrobas 

qmnian. 

cirkulari [germ. Zircular, 

laT. circularis _ wriuli] _ 

qvemdgomi organoebisaTvis 

zemdgomi organos werilobiTi 

gankarguleba. 

j 

jentlmenuri SeTanxmeba _ 

(dipl.). saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba, 

romelsac deben oficialur 

formalobaTa daucvelad, 

dauwerlad (zepirad). 

joberi [ingl. jobber] _ 1. 

piri, romelic safondo 

birJaze Tavisi xarjiT asrulebs 

operaciebs fasian 

qaRaldebTan dakavSirebiT. 2. 

firma, romelic importiore-

isagan yidulobs saqonlis 

did partiebs swrafi gadayidvisaTvis. 

hairingi [ingl. hiring] _ 

mowyobilobis saSualovadiani 

xelSekruleba, lizingis erTerTi 

forma. 

haitek-kompania [ingl. 

highech company] _ kompania, 

romelic nergavs da iyenebs 

maRalteqnologiur procesebs, 

mowyobilobas, damuSavebebs. 

harmonizacia [berZ. harmonia 

_ Tanazomiereba] _ (ekon.). 

gadasaxadebis urTierTSeTanxmebuloba, 

sistemaSi moyvana, 

unifikacia, koordinacia, 

mowesrigeba, urTierTSesabamisobis 

uzrunvelyofa. 

hastingsi [ingl. hustings] _ 

(polit.). winasaarCevno kampania. 

hegemonia [berZ. hēgemonia] _ 

(polit.). erTi Zlieri saxelmwifos 

mier mezobeli saxelmwifoebis 

jgufze batonoba. 

hedonizmi [berZ. hedone _ 

didi siamovneba] _ individis 

miswrafeba Tavisi keTild- 

Reobis zrdisaken miRebuli 

siamovnebisaTvis. 

her [germ. Herr] _ germaniasa 

da zog sxva qveyanaSi: mamakacis 

xseneba an misdami 

mimarTva (Cveulebriv, gvarTan 

erTad); batoni; batono. 

hejeri _ sameurneo subieqti, 

firma an banki, romelic 

h 

91 

fiuCersul birJaze hejirebis 

operaciebs awarmoebs. 

heji _ saswrafo (xangrZlivi) 

operacia, garigeba, 

romelic ideba gamyidvelebisa 

da myidvelebis mocemul 

saqonelze sabazro fasis momavali 

SesaZlo cvlilebisagan 

dazRvevis mizniT. 

hejireba, xejireba _ riskis 

Semcireba, Tavis dazRveva 

danakargisagan, romelic ganpirobebulia 

gamyidvelebisa da 

myidvelebisaTvis saqonelze 

sabazro fasebis araxelsayreli 

cvlilebebiT imasTan 

SedarebiT, rac xelSekrulebis 

dadebis dros iyo 

gaTvaliswinebuli. 

hiperinflacia [berZ. hyper _ 

zeviT da laT. inflatio _ 

gaberili] _ fulis mkveTri, 

swrafi gaufasureba, misi 

myidvelobiTunarianobis Semcireba, 

rac fasebis mniSvnelovan 

zrdaSi vlindeba. 

hipoTeza [berZ. hypothesis _ 

raime movlenis asaxsnelad 

wamoyenebuli mecnieruli varaudi, 

romlis ueWveloba jer 

cdiT ar aris damtkicebuli. 

holdingi [ingl. holding] _ 

korporacia, kompania, meTauri 

sawarmo, romelic marTavs an 

akontrolebs sxva sawarmoTa, 

(kompaniaTa) saqmianobas. 

`homo ekonomikuri~ [laT. 

Homo economicus] _ 1. adamiani 

maRali ekonomikuri intiucii- 

Ta da SemecnebebiT, romelic 

ekonomikuri gadawyvetilebebis 

optimalur variantebs

iRebs. 2. adamiani, romelic 

SeuCerebel gamdidrebas eswrafvis. 

honorari [laT. honorarium] _ 

fuladi Tanxa, romelsac 

damsaxurebisaTvis uxdian 

literaturuli, musikaluri, 

mecnieruli nawarmoebebis, 

gamogonebebis avtors. 

hofmakleri [germ. Hofmakler] 

_ birJis mTavari makleri, 

romelic birJis wevrebis mier 

92 

sabirJo maklerebis Semadgenlobidan 

gansazRvruli vadiT 

airCeva. 

humanitaruli daxmareba 

[laT. humanum _ adamianuri] _ 

usasyidlo materialuri daxmareba, 

romelic humanitaruli 

mosazrebebiT xorcieldeba. 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

laTinuri warmomavlobis 

samarTalmcodneobiTi 

sityva-gamoTqmebi 

A 

Actio [akcio] _ sarCeli, 

moqmedeba. 

Actio in rem [akcio in rem] _ 

sanivTo sarCeli. 

Ante factum [ante faqtum] _ 

sanam moxdebodes rame. 

Ab initio [ab inicio] _ 

Tavidan, dasabamidan, dasawyisidan. 

Ad idem [ad idem] _ SeTanxmebulad. 

A fortiori [a fortriori] _ 

miT umetes, gansakuTrebiT. 

Ad hoc [ed hoq] _ specialurad, 

am SemTxvevisaTvis. 

Ad litem [ed litem] _ rac 

sasamarTlo saqmes exeba. 

Alieni juris [alieni iuris] _ 

sxvisi uflebis. 

Allocatur [alokatur] _ 

nebadarTulia. 

Amicus curae [amikus kurae] 

_ mosamarTlis megobari. 

Amicus plato, sed magis amitas 

veritas [amikus plato, sed 

magis amika veritas] _ platoni 

(Cemi) megobaria, magram 

ufro didi megobaria WeSmariteba 

(aristotele). 

A priori [a priori] _ 

imTaviTve. 

93 

Argumenta et rationes [argumenta 

et raciones] _ mosazrebebi 

da daskvnebi. 

Argumentum ad hominem 

[argumentum ad hominem] _ 

argumenti, romelic konkretuli 

piris azrs emyareba. 

argumentum ad rem [argumentum 

ad rem] _ namdvil viTarebaze 

damyarebuli argumenti. 

Audiatur et altare pars [audiatur 

et altare pars] _ mosmenil 

iqnas meore mxarec. 

Audi, vide, sile! [audi, vide, 

sile] _ usmine, uyure, iyuCe! 

Aurea mediocritas [aurea 

mediokritas] _ oqros Sualedi 

(horaciusi). 

Ausculta et perpende [auskulta 

et perpende] _ moismine da 

awon-dawone. 

Auscultare disce, si nescis loqui 

[auskultare dice, si nescis 

loqvi] _ iswavle mosmena, 

Tu laparaki ar ici. 

Ad valorem [ad valorem] _ 

fasis, Rirebulebis mixedviT. 

B 

Bona causa [bona kauza] _ 

samarTliani saqme.

C 

Calumnia [kalumnia] _ 

ciliswameba, cru braldeba. 

Capitis condemnare [kapitis 

kondemnare] _ sikvdilis 

misja. 

Casus a nullo praestantur 

[kazus a nulo prestantur] 

_ SemTxveviToba dausjelia. 

Casus belli [kazus beli] _ 

omis sababi. 

Carpe diem [karpe diem] _ 

gamoiyene dro, `mowyvite 

dRe~ (horaciusi). 

Citius, altius, fortius [citius, 

altius, fortius] _ ùfro 

swrafad, ufro maRla, 

ufro Sors~ (olimpiuri 

TamaSebis devizi). 

Cito [cito] _ swrafad. 

Conditio facti [kondicio 

fakti] _ faqtobrivi piroba. 

Conditio juris [kondicio 

iuris] _ samarTlebrivi 

piroba. 

Conditio sine qua non 

[kondicio sine qva non] _ 

aucilebeli piroba. 

Corpus delicti [korpus 

deliqti] _ nivTieri mtkiceba, 

ZiriTadi samxili. 

Corpus juris civilis [korpus 

iuris civilis] _ samoqalaqo 

kanonTa krebuli. 

Creditor [kreditor] _ 

valdebulebis Sesrulebis 

moTxovnaze uflebamosili 

piri. 

94 

Carte blanch [frang. kart 

blanSi] _ `sufTa furceli~: 

moqmedebis sruli 

Tavisufleba. 

Caveat emtor [kaveat 

emptor] _ myidveli 

gafrTxildes. 

Cogito, ergo sum [kogito, 

ergo sum] _ `vazrovneb, 

maSasadame varsebob~ 

(dekarti). 

Compus mentis [kompus 

mentis] _ saRi gonebis 

mqone, Seracxadi. 

Consensus omnium 

[konsensus omnium] _ yvelas 

Tanxmoba. 

Contra [kontra] _ winaaRmdeg. 

Contra preferentem [kontra 

preferentem] _ mis winaaRmdeg, 

vinc amtkicebs. wesi, 

rom dokumentSi raime 

orazrovneba ganimarteba im 

mxaris sawinaaRmdegod, romelmac 

igi Seadgina. 

Consensus ad idem 

[konsensus ad idem] _ 

mxareTa nebis Tanxvedra. 

Corpus delicti [korpus 

deliqti] _ danaSaulis damamtkicebeli; 

nivTmtkiceba. 

Corpus ligis [korpus ligis] 

_ kanonTa krebuli. 

Curriculum vitae [kurrikulum 

vite] _ `cxovrebis 

mimdinareoba~; mokle cnobebi 

visime cxovrebis Sesaxeb.

D 

Debitor [debitor] _ movale. 

Decredo non stetit [dekreto 

non stetit] _ gadawyvetilebas 

ar eqvemdebareba. 

De facto [de faqto] _ 

faqtobrivad. 

De jure [de iure] _ 

iuridiulad, kanonis safuZvelze. 

De lege lata [de lege lata] 

_ moqmedi kanoniT. 

De minimis non curat lex [de 

minimis non kurat leqs] _ 

kanons saqme ar unda 

hqondes trivialur (gacve- 

Tili, siaxles moklebuli) 

sakiTxTan. 

De novo [de novo] _ 

Tavidan dawyeba. 

Divide et impera [divide et 

impera] _ `gaTiSe da ibatone~ 

(romaeli dampyroblebis 

politikuri principi). 

Docendo discimus [docendo 

discimus] _ vaswavliT ra, 

Cvenc vswavlobT~ (seneka). 

Do ut des [do ut des] _ 

`gaZlev, rom Senc momce~ 

(romauli samarTlis principi). 

Doli capax [doli kapaqs] _ 

danaSaulis Camdeni. 

Dominium et jur [dominium 

et iur] _ sakuTrebis 

ufleba. 

95 

Dum spiro, spero [dum spiro, 

spero] _ vidre suli midgas 

vimedovneb (ovidiusi). 

E 

Ego [ego] _ me. 

Eror juris [eror iuris] _ 

Secdoma kanonSi (samara- 

TalSi). 

Ex consensu [eqs konsensu] _ 

TanxmobiT. 

Ex facto oritur jus [eqs fakto 

oritur ius] _ saqmidan 

iSva kanoni. 

Ex jure [eqs iure] _ 

kanoniT, samarTlis ZaliT. 

Ex lege [eqs lege] _ 

kanonidan gamomdinare. 

Ex officio [eqs oficio] _ 

kanonis ZaliT, oficialurad. 

Ex post facto [eqs post 

fakto] _ faqtis (momxdaris) 

Semdeg. 

F 

Festima lente [festima 

lente] _ ìCqare nela~; 

naucbadevad nu gaakeTeb. 

Fiat justitia [fiat iusticia] 

_ marTlmsajuleba aRsruldes. 

Fieri facias [fieri facias] _ 

dae es moxdes.

Forum delicti [forum 

delikti] _ danaSaulis 

adgili. 

Fortes fortuna adjuvat 

[fortes fortuna adiuvat] 

_ mamacT bedi swyalobT 

(teren-ciusi). 

Functus officio [funktus 

officio] _ uflebamosilebis 

an iurisdiqciis ar 

qona. 

G 

Grata, rata et accepta [grata, 

rata et akcepta] _ dakanonebuli 

da misaRebi. 

H 

Homo sapiens [homo sapiens] 

_ moazrovne adamiani. 

Homo sum, humani nihil a me 

alienum puto [homo sum, humani 

nihil a me alienum puto] _ 

adamiani var (da) araferi 

adamianuri ar meucxoveba. 

Humanum est errate [humanum 

est errate] _ adamianisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebelia 

Secdomebi. 

Ignoratia jurius noset [ignoracia 

iuris noset] _ 

kanonis arcodna sazianoa. 

I 

96 

Incognito [inkognito] _ 

farulad. 

In esse [in esse] _ arsebuli. 

In flagrante delicto [in flagrante 

delikto] _ danaSaulis 

Cadenis momentSi. 

In more [in more] _ 

kanonierad. 

In pari delicto [in pari 

delikto] _ samarTaldarRvevebis 

ganxorcieleba 

Tanasworad. saqmian praqtikaSi 

am princips ewodeba 

`sufTa xelebis doqtrina~. 

In personam [in personam] _ 

piris sawinaaRmdegod. 

In rem [in rem] _ raimes 

sawinaaRmdegod. 

In status quo [in status kvo] 

_ axlandel mdgomareobaSi. 

Inter alia [inter alia] _ 

samarTalSemoqmedeba; sxva- 

Ta Soris; sxva sakiTxebTan 

erTad. 

In terrorem [in terorem _ 

teroris (SiSis) gamosawvevad. 

gamoiyeneba, rodesac 

kontraqtSi muqara igulisxmeba. 

am SemTxvevaSi kontraqti 

Zaladakargulad 

iTvleba. 

Intra vires [intra vires] _ 

moqmedebaTa uflebamosilebis 

farglebSi. 

Ipso facto [ifso faqto] _ 

TviT faqtis gamo. 

Ipso jure [ifso iure] _ 

kanonis ZaliT, wevrobis 

ZaliT.

In vino veritas [in vino 

veritaz] _ `RvinoSia 

WeSmariteba~; nasvami kaci 

ityvis simarTles. 

J 

Jurisdictio [iurisdiqcio] _ 

sasamarTlo warmoeba, gansjadoba, 

Zalaufleba, kompetencia. 

Jus [ius] _ kanoni, ufleba, 

sasamarTlo. 

Jus gentium [ius gencium] _ 

`xalxTa ufleba~. 

Jus civile [ius civile] _ 

moqalaqeTa samarTali. 

Jus cogens [ius kogens] _ 

imperatiuli normebi. 

Jus privatum [ius privatum] 

_ kerZo samarTali. 

Jus publicum [ius publicum] 

_ sajaro samarTali. 

Justa causa [iusta kauza] _ 

`marTlzomieri mizezi~; risame 

mflobelobis samar- 

Tlebrivi safuZveli. 

Justitia [iusticia] _ 

iusticia. 

Justitia fundamentum regni 

[iusticia fundamentum regni] 

_ samarTlianoba qveynis 

safuZvelia. 

K 

Know-how [ingl. nou-hau] _ 

sityvasityviT: `vici, rogor 

. . .~ 

97 

L 

Legem brevem esse oportet 

[legem brevem ese oportet] 

_ kanoni martivi unda iyos. 

Lex [leqs] _ kanoni. 

Lex est ab aeterno [leqs est 

ab eterno] _ kanoni mudmivia. 

Lex est, quod notamus [leqs 

est qvod notamus] _ kanonia 

is, rasac davakanonebT. 

Lex mercatoria [leqs merkatoria] 

_ savaWro samar- 

Tali. 

Lex generalis [leqs 

generalis] _ zogadi kanoni. 

Lex non scripta [leqs non 

skripta] _ dauwereli 

kanoni. 

Lex posterior derogat legi priori 

[leqs posterior derogat 

legi priori] _ momdevno 

kanoni auqmebs winas. 

Lex specialis [leqs specialis] 

_ specialuri kanoni. 

Lex semper certa [leqs 

semper certa] _ kanoni 

yovelTvis saimedoa. 

Lex terrae [leqs tere] _ 

qveynis kanoni. 

Lex valet in omnes [leqs 

valet in omnes] _ kanoni 

yovlisSemZlea. 

L’ etat c’ est moi [frang. 

l’eta se mua] _ `saxelmwifo 

_ es me var~ (lui 

XIV).

Libellus appellationis [libelus 

apelacionis] _ saapelacio 

saCivari. 

Littera scripta manet 

[littera skripta manet] _ 

`dawerili aso rCeba~; rac 

daiwereba, is samudamoa. 

Loco citato [loko citato] _ 

moxsenebul, dasaxelebul 

adgilas (ixmareba samecniero 

literaturaSi miTi- 

Tebis dros). Cveulebriv 

aRniSnaven asoebiT (L.c.). 

M 

Magna est veritas et praevalebit 

[magna est veritas et 

prevalebit] _ samarTlis 

Zala yvelafers aRemateba. 

Manifestum non eget probatione 

[manifestum non eget probacione] 

_ cxads ar sWirdeba 

mtkiceba. 

Made in . . . ingl. [meid in . . 

. ] _ damzadebulia ...Si 

(warwera saeqsporto saqonelze). 

Mala file [mala file] _ upatiosnod,arakeTilsindisierad. 

Momento mori [momento 

mori] _ gaxsovdeT sikvdili. 

Modus vivendi [modus 

vivendi] _ cxovrebis wesi, 

cxovrebis saxe; arsebobis 

saSualeba. 

98 

Modus procedendi [modus 

procedendi] _ qcevis wesi. 

Modus operandi [modus operandi] 

_ moqmedebis xerxi. 

Mos legem regit [mos legem 

regit] _ Cveuleba marTavs 

kanons. 

Mutatis mutandis [mutatis 

mutandis] _ aucilebeli 

SesworebiTa da cvlilebebiT. 

N 

Nemo dat quod non habet 

[nemo dat quod non habet] _ 

aravis ar SeuZlia imis 

micema, rac ar gaaCnia. 

Nemo judex in causa sua [nemo 

iudeqs in kauza sua] _ 

aravinaa msajuli Tavis 

saqmeSi. 

Nihil probat, qui nimium probat 

[nihil probat, kvi nimium 

probat] _ arafers ar 

amtkicebs is, vinc Zalian 

bevrs amtkicebs. 

Nolle prosequi [nolle proseqvi] 

_ nu aRZrav saqmes. 

Non-compos mentis [non 

kompos mentis] _ Seuracxadi. 

Non licet [non licet] _ 

akrZalulia. 

Noscitur a sociis [noskitur a 

sociis] _ orazrovani sityvebis 

mniSvnelobis gageba 

mis irgvliv mdebare sityvebiT 

SeiZleba.

Noste te ipsum [nosce te 

ifsum] _ Seican Tavi Seni 

(sokrate). 

Nuda veritas [nuda veritas] 

_ udavo WeSmariteba. 

Nulla poena sine lege [nula 

pena sine lege] _ ar 

arsebobs sasjeli kanonis 

gareSe (araviTari sasjeli 

kanonis gareSe). 

Nulla potentia supra leges debet 

[nula potencia supra leges 

debet] _ kanonze Zala 

ar unda moqmedebdes. 

Nulla regula sine exceptione 

[nula regula sine eqscepcione] 

_ ar aris wesi 

gamonaklisis gareSe. 

O 

Omne initium difficile est [omne 

inicium difficile est] _ 

yovelgvari dawyeba Znelia. 

Omnia praeclara rara [omnia 

preklara rara] _ yvelaferi 

mSvenieri iSviaTia. 

Opinio juris [opinio iuris] _ 

iuridiuli Zala. 

O, santa simplicitas! [o, santa 

simplicitas] _ o, wminda 

gulubryvilobav! (ian husis 

wamoZaxili, romelmac dainaxa, 

rom erTi moxuci qali 

gulmodgined ukeTebda 

SeSas cecxls, romelzedac 

mas (huss) wvavdnen. 

O tempora, o mores! [o tempora, 

o mores] _ ò droe- 

99 

bav, o, zne-Cveulebano!~ (ciceroni). 

Otia dant vitia [ocia dant 

vicia] _ usaqmuroba badebs 

mankierebas. 

P 

Pacta sunt servanda! [pakta 

sunt servanda] _ xelSekrulebebi 

unda Sesruldes! 

Par se [per se] _ Tavis- 

Tavad, marto. 

Pari passu [pari passu] _ 

Tanabrad; maT Soris gansxvavebis 

gareSe. 

Pendente life [pendente 

life] _ sasamarTlos procesis 

msvlelobisas. 

Per constituta [per konstituta] 

_ kanonis Sesabamisad. 

Per curiam [per kuriam] _ 

sasamarTlos mier. 

Per procurationem [per 

prokuracionem] _ xelisuflebis 

ZaliT. 

Persona grata [persona 

grata] _ dipl. sasurveli 

piri; kanonisaTvis xelSeuxebeli 

piri. 

Persona non grata [persona 

non grata] _ dipl. arasasurveli 

piri; saxelmwifodan 

gaZevebuli piri. 

Petitio [peticio] _ sarCeli, 

Txovna, koleqtiuri. 

Prerogativa [prerogativa] _ 

upiratesoba.

Presumptio juris [prezumfcio 

iuris] _ udanaSaulobis 

prezumfcia. 

Pecunia non olet [pekunia non 

olet] _ `fuls suni ar 

udis~ (imperator vespasines 

(I s.) sityvebi, romlebic man 

warmoTqva, rodesac fuli 

iSova sapirfareSoebze gadasaxadis 

SemoRebiT). 

Pereat mundus, fiat justitia 

[pereat mundus, fiat 

iusticia] _ qveyana rom 

daiqces, marTlmsajuleba 

unda Sesruldes. 

Post factum [post faktum] _ 

mas Semdeg, rac ukve Sesrulda, 

moxda rame. 

Post scriptum [post 

skriptum] _ postskriptumi. 

minaweri teqstis bolos, 

xelmoweris Semdeg. Cveulebriv 

aRniSnaven asoebiT 

P.S. 

Q 

Qui nimium probat, nihit 

probat [kvi nimium probat, 

nihil probat] _ vinc 

metismetad amtkicebs, is 

verafers ver amtkicebs. 

Qui scribit, bis legit [kvi 

skribit, bis legit] _ vinc 

iwers, orjer kiTxulobs. 

Quot homines, tot sententiae 

[kvot homines, tot sentencie] 

_ ramdeni adamiania, 

imdeni azria (terenciusi). 

100 

R 

Ratio legis [racio legis] _ 

kanonis arsi, mizezi. 

Repetitio est mater studiorum 

[repeticio est mater studiorum] 

_ gameoreba codnis 

dedaa. 

Res [res] _ sakiTxi, sagani. 

Respondeat superior [respondat 

superior] _ maRla 

mdgomi iyos pasuxismgebeli. 

Reus [reus] _ mopasuxe. 

S 

Salut populi suprema lex 

[salut populi suprena 

leqs] _ xalxis keTildReoba 

uzenaesi kanonia 

(ciceroni). 

Sic! [sik] _ àse~! àmgvarad!~; 

weren frCxilebiT 

teqstSi im sityvis Semdeg, 

romelic avtors surs 

sagangebod gaxazos. 

Sine legibus nulla est civitas, 

nam civitas legibus continentur 

[sine legibus nula est 

civitas, nam civitas legibus 

kontinentur] _ kanonis 

gareSe ar arsebobs saxelmwifo, 

radgan Tavad saxelmwifo 

kanonzea damyarebuli. 

Si vis pacem, para bellum [si 

vis pacem, para bellum] _ 

Tu gsurs mSvidoba, emzade 

omisaTvis.

Status [status] _ statusi, 

sazogadoebrivi mdgomareoba. 

Status belli [status beli] _ 

omis mdgomareoba. 

Status quo [status kvo] _ 

sagnebisa da movlenebis 

arsebuli mdgomareoba. 

Stare decisis [stare decisis] 

_ wina gadawyvetilebebis 

mixedviT dadgena. 

Suppresssio veri [supressio 

veri] _ simarTlis damalva. 

T 

Tabula rasa [tabula raza] _ 

`sufTa dafa~. xelovnuri. 

wminda. 

Tacito consensu [tacito 

konsensu] _ usityvo TanxmobiT. 

Tempora mutantur et nos 

mutamur in illis [tempora 

mutantur et nos mutamur 

in illis] _ droni icvlebian 

da Cvenc vicvlebiT 

maTTan erTad. 

Time is money [ingl. Taim iz 

mani] _ `dro fulia~ 

[amerikeli mecnierisa da 

sazogado moRvawis benjamin 

franklinis (1706-1790) aforizmi]. 

101 

U 

Ubi lex, ibi poena [ubi, leqs, 

ibi poena] _ sadac kanonia, 

sasjelic iqvea. 

Ultra vires [ultra vires] _ 

umaRlesi Zalebi; `Zalebs 

gadaRma~. 

Urbi et orbi [urbi et orbi] _ 

mTeli msofliosaTvis, yvelasaTvis. 

V 

Veni, vidi, vici [veni, vidi, vici] 

_ `movedi, vnaxe, vZlie~ 

[iulius keisris (100-44 ww. 

Zv. w.) sityvebi, romliTac 

man mimarTa senats pontos 

mefe farnakze gamarjvebis 

Semdeg]. 

Vente [vente] _ gadabrune 

(furceli)! (weren gverdis 

boloSi da niSnavs: `gagrZeleba 

ixile meore gverdze~). 

Veritas [veritas] _ WeSmariteba. 

Veto [veto] _ vkrZalav! 

Vivere militare est [vivere 

militare est] _ cxovreba 

brZolaa. 

Vis legis [vis legis] _ kanonis 

Zala. 

Vim vi repellere licet [vim vi 

repelere licet] _ Zala 

ZaliT unda moigerio.

gamoyenebuli literatura 

ekonomikis enciklopediuri leqsikoni. saq. mecn. akad. wevrkorespondentis 

avTandil silagaZis saerTo redaqciiT. 

Tsu-s gamomcemloba. sagamomcemlo saxli ìnovacia~. Tb., 

2005. 

inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni. 

Semdgeneli prof. s. jorbenaZe. Tb., 1998. 

socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni-cnobari. 

socialur mecnierebaTa centri. Tb., 2004. 

qarTul-inglisur-rusuli ganmartebiTi leqsikoni. enciklopediur-terminologiuri 

cnobari. prof. i. mesxias da 

prof. al. Rlontis redaqciiT. Tb., 1999. 

qarTuli diplomatiuri leqsikoni. 2 tomad. Tb., `Tsu~, 1997- 

1999. 

qolini piter. inglisur-qarTuli iuridiuli ganmartebiTi 

leqsikoni. me-2 qarTuli Casworebuli da Sevsebuli 

gamocema. revaz berulavas gamomcemloba ìberTed-presi~. 

Tb., 2004. 

yamarauli s. universaluri biznes-leqsikoni. Tb., 2002. 

SuSanaSvili al. iuridiuli leqsikoni. Tb., 2000. 

SixaSvili g., xvinTeliani b. menejmentis leqsikoni. Tb., 2005. 

wulaia d. inglisur-qarTuli iuridiuli leqsikoni. Tb., 2005. 

WabaSvili m. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni. Tb., 1989. 

xmalaZe g., xmalaZe n. sabirJo terminologiis ganmartebiTi 

leqsikoni. Tb., 1999. 

Большая экономическая энциклопедия. Самое полное современное издание. 

М., «Эксмо». 2007. 

Бернар И., Колли Ж.-К. Толковый экономический и финансовый словарь: 

французская, русская, английская, немецкая, испанская терминология: 

В 2-х тт. М., 1997-1999. 

Longman Business English Dictionary. Sufflk, England, 2001. 

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Gurrent Englich. Seven edition. Oxford, 

University press. New For, 2003. 

102

ibeWdeba avtoris mier warmodgenili saxiT 

gadaeca warmoebas 11.12.2008. xelmowerilia dasabeWdad 

25.12.2008. qaRaldis zoma 60X84 1/16. pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 6. 

tiraJi 100 egz. 

sagamomcemlo saxli `teqnikuri universiteti~, Tbilisi, 

kostavas 77

ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni

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