Weeds reported in rice in south and southeast Asia
23.01.2013 • Views
Share Embed Flag

Weeds reported in rice in south and southeast Asia

Weeds reported in rice in south and southeast Asia

Weeds reported in rice in south and southeast Asia

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS
ePAPER READ
DOWNLOAD ePAPER
pdf.usaid.gov

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

START NOW

WEEDS<br />

REPORTED IN RICE<br />

IN SOUTH<br />

AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

KEITH MOODY<br />

1989<br />

INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE<br />

Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es<br />

P.O. Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es

The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was established <strong>in</strong> 1960 by<br />

the Ford <strong>and</strong> Rockefeller Foundations with the help <strong>and</strong> approval of the<br />

Government of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Today IRRI is one of the 13 nonprofit<br />

<strong>in</strong>ternational research <strong>and</strong> tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g centers supported by the Consultative<br />

Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The CGlAR is<br />

sponsored by the Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United<br />

Nations, the International Bank for Reconstruction <strong>and</strong> Development (World<br />

Bank), <strong>and</strong> the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The CGIAR<br />

consists of 50 donor countries, <strong>in</strong>ternational <strong>and</strong> regional organizations, <strong>and</strong><br />

private foundations.<br />

IRRI receives support, through the CGIAR, from a number of donors<br />

<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>Asia</strong>n Development Bank, the European Economic Com-<br />

munity, the Ford Foundation, the International Development Research<br />

Centre, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the OPEC<br />

Special Fund, the Rockefeller Foundation, the United Nations Development<br />

Programme, the World Bank, <strong>and</strong> the <strong>in</strong>ternational aid agencies of the<br />

follow<strong>in</strong>g governments: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ch<strong>in</strong>a, Denmark,<br />

F<strong>in</strong>l<strong>and</strong>, France, Federal Republic of Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico,<br />

The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, New Zeal<strong>and</strong>, Norway, the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Saudi Arabia,<br />

Spa<strong>in</strong>, Sweden, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, <strong>and</strong> United States.<br />

The responsibility for this publication rests with the International Rice<br />

Research Institute.<br />

Copyright © International Rice Research Institute 1989<br />

All rights reserved. Except for quotations of short passages for the<br />

purpose of criticism <strong>and</strong> review, no part of this publication may be<br />

reproduced, stored <strong>in</strong> retrieval systems, or transmitted <strong>in</strong> any form or by any<br />

means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy<strong>in</strong>g, record<strong>in</strong>g, or otherwise, with-<br />

out prior permission of IRRI. This permission will not be unreasonably<br />

withheld for use for noncommercial purposes. IRRI does not require payment<br />

for the noncommercial use of its published works, <strong>and</strong> hopes that this<br />

copyright declaration will not dim<strong>in</strong>ish the bona fide use of its research<br />

f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> agricultural research <strong>and</strong> development.<br />

The designations employed <strong>and</strong> the presentation of the material <strong>in</strong> this<br />

publication do not imply the expression of any op<strong>in</strong>ion whatsoever on the<br />

part of IRRI concern<strong>in</strong>g the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area,<br />

or of its authorities, or the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.<br />

ISBN 971-104-206-1

CONTENTS<br />

Foreword v<br />

Preface vii<br />

Explanation of abbreviations used viii<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> South <strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> 1<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh 87<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bhutan 103<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Brunei 105<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Burma 107<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> India 115<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Indonesia 183<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Kampuchea 213<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Laos 223<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Malaysia 233<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Nepal 251<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Pakistan 265<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es 273<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sri Lanka 313<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong> 329<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Vietnam 351<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> deep-water <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> some countries <strong>in</strong><br />

South <strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> 373<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> dry-seeded <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> some countries <strong>in</strong><br />

South <strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> 377<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> some countries <strong>in</strong><br />

South <strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> 387<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> some countries <strong>in</strong><br />

South <strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> 411<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> wet-seeded <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> some countries <strong>in</strong><br />

South <strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> 435

FOREWORD<br />

Readers of this book are well aware that weeds are an important constra<strong>in</strong>t<br />

to <strong>rice</strong> production <strong>and</strong> of major economic importance to <strong>rice</strong> farmers <strong>in</strong> South<br />

<strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>. A great deal of work has been done on weed control. What<br />

has been lack<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the literature until now is an extensive, country-by-country<br />

survey of weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

With the publication of this book, Dr. Keith Moody has begun to fill that gap<br />

<strong>in</strong> our knowledge. Through an exhaustive search of the literature, he has<br />

compiled a comprehensive list of weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> 15<br />

countries of South <strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

For the teacher <strong>and</strong> student, the book is a ready reference to weed species<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> South <strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>. For the scholar, it removes much of the<br />

drudgery of conduct<strong>in</strong>g a literature search. Agronomists <strong>and</strong> other crop<br />

production specialists will f<strong>in</strong>d it equally useful.<br />

We hope that this <strong>in</strong>itial weed survey becomes the start<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>t from which<br />

weed scientists will give greater attention to the ecology of weeds, mak<strong>in</strong>g a<br />

discussion of the <strong>rice</strong> ecosystem <strong>in</strong> which they are found an <strong>in</strong>tegral part of their<br />

research.<br />

Klaus Lampe<br />

Director General

PREFACE<br />

In South <strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> alone, more than 1800 weed species grow <strong>in</strong><br />

association with <strong>rice</strong>, more than are recorded for any other crop. That reflects<br />

the geographical diversity under which <strong>rice</strong> is grown -- from 45°N to 35°S<br />

latitude, from sea level to 3000 m altitude, from coarse, s<strong>and</strong>y soils to fertile al-<br />

luvium, from deserts to hot humid climates with annual ra<strong>in</strong>fall rang<strong>in</strong>g from 750<br />

to 4000 mm.<br />

Rice weeds are listed by <strong>rice</strong> culture by country. The lists were compiled<br />

from a comprehensive review of the literature on <strong>rice</strong> weeds <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong><br />

15 South <strong>and</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n countries. It was, of course, impossible to<br />

empirically verify the weeds <strong>and</strong> their distribution. For the purpose of this<br />

report, the author assumed that all the weeds were correctly identified.<br />

However, some weed species <strong>reported</strong> <strong>in</strong> the literature are not <strong>in</strong>cluded<br />

because their scientific names could not be confirmed.<br />

In a work of this type, the author must choose an arbitrary cut-off date <strong>and</strong><br />

go to press. The citations <strong>in</strong> this edition <strong>in</strong>clude those published <strong>and</strong> received<br />

through April 1988. Readers are encouraged to notify the author of any errors<br />

or omissions, <strong>and</strong> to send repr<strong>in</strong>ts or citations to new references for <strong>in</strong>clusion <strong>in</strong><br />

a revised edition. The criterion for accept<strong>in</strong>g references will rema<strong>in</strong> the same --<br />

they will be listed only if scientific names can be verified.<br />

Not all weeds are identified by <strong>rice</strong> culture type because that <strong>in</strong>formation<br />

was lack<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a number of references. In the Rice culture list<strong>in</strong>g, these carry<br />

the notation NSP (not specified). Rice culture type <strong>in</strong> relation to weeds is<br />

important <strong>in</strong>formation; I would encourage agronomists <strong>and</strong> weed scientists to<br />

designate <strong>rice</strong> culture type <strong>in</strong> all of their publications on weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Compilation of this work spanned 6 years; a portion of this work was done<br />

<strong>in</strong> 1982-83 while the author was on study leave at the Weed Research<br />

Organization, Oxford, Engl<strong>and</strong>. I am <strong>in</strong>debted to the director <strong>and</strong> his staff for the<br />

assistance I received.<br />

I am further <strong>in</strong>debted to my wife, Karen, for her help <strong>in</strong> compil<strong>in</strong>g the data<br />

from India <strong>and</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es; to R.T. Lubigan <strong>and</strong> J.V. Pancho for their<br />

assistance <strong>in</strong> confirm<strong>in</strong>g the scientific names of some weed species; to T.T.<br />

Chang for validat<strong>in</strong>g the scientific names of the Oryza spp.; to Phan Thi Cong<br />

for the Vietnamese translations; <strong>and</strong> to the director <strong>and</strong> staff of the Herbarium,<br />

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Engl<strong>and</strong>, who so will<strong>in</strong>gly assisted me.<br />

-- Keith Moody

Explanation of abbreviations used.<br />

Family<br />

(C) Caesalp<strong>in</strong>ioideae<br />

(M) Mimosoideae<br />

(P) Papilionoideae<br />

Country<br />

BAN<br />

BHU<br />

BUR<br />

BRU<br />

CAM<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

LAO<br />

MAL<br />

NEP<br />

PAK<br />

PHI<br />

SRI<br />

THA<br />

VI E<br />

Rice culture<br />

DIR<br />

DSR<br />

DWR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NUR<br />

TPR<br />

TSR<br />

UPL<br />

VOL<br />

WSR<br />

Bangladesh<br />

Bhutan<br />

Burma<br />

Brunei<br />

Cambodia<br />

Indonesia<br />

India<br />

Laos<br />

Malaysia<br />

Nepal<br />

Pakistan<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es<br />

Sri Lanka<br />

Thail<strong>and</strong><br />

Vietnam<br />

Direct-seeded<br />

Dry-seeded<br />

Deep water<br />

Lowl<strong>and</strong><br />

Not specified<br />

Seedl<strong>in</strong>g nursery<br />

Transplanted<br />

Tidal swamp<br />

Upl<strong>and</strong><br />

Volunteer<br />

Wet-seeded

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> South <strong>and</strong> Southeast<br />

<strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

A butilon<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (L.) Sweet<br />

Acacia<br />

pennata - see A. plurigl<strong>and</strong>ulosa<br />

plurigl<strong>and</strong>ulosa Verdc.<br />

Acalypha<br />

boehmerioides - see A. lanceolata<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

lanceolata Willd.<br />

malabarica Muell.<br />

Acanthospermum<br />

hispidum DC.<br />

Achillea<br />

millefolium L.<br />

Achyranthes<br />

alternifolia - see Digera muricata<br />

aspera L.<br />

Acorus<br />

calamus L.<br />

Acrostichum<br />

aureum L.<br />

Adenosma<br />

<strong>in</strong>diana (Lour.) Merr.<br />

Adenostemma<br />

lavenia (L.) O.K.<br />

viscosum - see A. lavenia<br />

Adhatoda<br />

zeylanica - see Justicia adhatoda<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Polypodiaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI,VlE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

NEP<br />

IDO<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND

2 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Adiantum<br />

lunulatum - see Pteris lunulata<br />

Aeg<strong>in</strong>etia<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Aerva<br />

lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olenta (L.) BI.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

americana L.<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

uniflora F. Mey.<br />

virg<strong>in</strong>ica (L.) B.S.P.<br />

Agerat<strong>in</strong>a<br />

adenophora (Spreng.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g<br />

& B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

riparia (Regel) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g &<br />

B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

houstonianum Mill.<br />

mexicanum - see A. houstonianum<br />

Agrimonia<br />

eupatoria L.<br />

pilosa - see A. eupatoria<br />

Agropyron<br />

cristatum (L.) Gaertn.<br />

repens - see Elymus repens<br />

Agrostis<br />

alba - see A. stolonifera<br />

micrantha Steud.<br />

stolonifera L.<br />

Ajuga<br />

macrosperma Wall.<br />

Pteridaceae<br />

Orobanchaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,SRI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND,NEP,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Alisma<br />

plantago - see A. plantagoaquatica<br />

plantago-aquatica L.<br />

sp.<br />

Allmania<br />

nodiflora (L.) R. Br. ex Wight<br />

Alloteropsis<br />

cimic<strong>in</strong>a (L.) Stapf<br />

Alopecurus<br />

aequalis Sobol.<br />

Alp<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

conchigera Griff.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

amoena - see A. ficoidea<br />

ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Griseb.<br />

nodiflora - see A. sessilis<br />

paronychioides St. Hil.<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

repens (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra - see A. sessilis<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

bupleurifolius (L.) DC.<br />

monolifer DC.<br />

nummularifolius - see A. vag<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

rugosus (Willd.) DC.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

blitum - see A. lividus<br />

dubius Mart.<br />

gracilis - see A. viridis<br />

lividus L.<br />

retroflexus L.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Z<strong>in</strong>giberaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

IND<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 3<br />

IDO,IND<br />

NEP<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BUR,IND,SRI<br />

NEP<br />

VIE<br />

NEP<br />

IDO,NEP,PHI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

LAO,THA<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,THA<br />

PHI<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,SRI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,THA<br />

BUR<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

NEP,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE

4 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Amaranthus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

tenuifolius Willd.<br />

tricolor L.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Ambrosia<br />

artemisiifolia L. Asteraceae<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Ammannia<br />

auriculata Willd.<br />

baccifera L.<br />

cocc<strong>in</strong>ea Rottb.<br />

humilis Michx.<br />

microcarpa DC.<br />

multiflora Roxb.<br />

nodiflora R. Br.<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>ra L.f.<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra - see Rotala pent<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

peploides - see Rotala <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

pygmaea Kurz<br />

ritchiei C.B. Clarke<br />

rotundifolia - see Rotala<br />

rotundifolia<br />

senegalensis Lam.<br />

Amphilophis<br />

glabra - see Bothriochloa bladhii<br />

pertusa - see Bothriochloa<br />

pertusa<br />

Anabaena<br />

sp.<br />

sphaerica Born. & Flah.<br />

unispora Gardner<br />

Anagallis<br />

arvensis L.<br />

pumila Sw.<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Primulaceae<br />

Primulaceae<br />

IND<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IND,PAK,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,lDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IDO<br />

I DO<br />

IDO,IND,PAK,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND,MAL<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

VIE<br />

IND,NEP<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Anaphalis<br />

contorta (D. Don) Hook. f.<br />

Andrographis<br />

echioides Nees<br />

laxiflora (BI.) L<strong>in</strong>dau<br />

serpyllifolia Wight<br />

Andropogon<br />

aciculatus - see Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus<br />

annulatus - see Dichanthium<br />

annulatum<br />

citratus - see Cymbopogon<br />

citratus<br />

halepensis - see Sorghum<br />

halepense<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedius - see Bothriochloa<br />

bladhii<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>us - see Dichanthium<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>um<br />

squarrosus - see Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides<br />

zizanioides - see Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides<br />

Aneilema<br />

blumei - see Murdannia blumei<br />

hamiltonianum Wall.<br />

japonicum Kunth<br />

keisak - see Murdannia keisak<br />

malabaricum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

nudiflorum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

spiratum - see Murdannia spirata<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum - see Murdannia<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>ata<br />

versicolor Dalz.<br />

Anemone<br />

rivularis Buch.-Ham.<br />

Aniseia<br />

mart<strong>in</strong>icensis (Jacq.) Choisy<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 5<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,NEP<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,MAL<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,SRI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

VIE

6 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Anisochilus<br />

pallidus Wall. ex Benth<br />

Anisomeles<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

ovata - see A. <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Anotis<br />

wightiana Hook. f.<br />

Anthistiria<br />

ciliata - see Tristachya leucothrix<br />

Apluda<br />

aristata - see A. mutica<br />

rnutica L.<br />

Apocopis<br />

wrightii Munro<br />

Aponogeton<br />

crispus - see A. undulatus<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>atum Roxb.<br />

lakhonensis A. Camus<br />

monostachyon L.f.<br />

natans (L.) Engl. & Kr.<br />

rob<strong>in</strong>sonii A. Camus<br />

undulatus Roxb.<br />

Arenaria<br />

serpyllifolia L.<br />

Argemone<br />

mexicana L.<br />

Ariopsis<br />

peltata F. Grah.<br />

Artemisia<br />

dubia Wall. ex DC.<br />

maderaspatana - see Grangea<br />

maderaspatana<br />

nilagirica Pampan.<br />

vulgaris L.<br />

Artanema<br />

longifolia (L.) Merr.<br />

Arthraxon<br />

lancifolius (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) Hochst.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Papaveraceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BUR<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

KAM<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

KAM,LAO,VIE<br />

IND<br />

NEP<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Arund<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce<br />

leptochloa (Nees) Hook. f.<br />

Arundo<br />

donax L.<br />

Asteracantha<br />

longifolia - see Hygrophila<br />

auriculata<br />

Asystasia<br />

gangetica (L.) T. Anders.<br />

Athroisma<br />

lac<strong>in</strong>iatum DC.<br />

Atriplex<br />

hortensis L.<br />

Atylosia<br />

platycarpa Benth.<br />

volubilis (Blanco) Gamble<br />

Austroeupatorium<br />

<strong>in</strong>ulaefolium (Kunth.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g &<br />

B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Axonopus<br />

cimic<strong>in</strong>us - see Alloteropsis<br />

cimic<strong>in</strong>a<br />

compressus (Sw.) Beauv.<br />

Azolla<br />

filiculoides Lam.<br />

imbricata - see A. p<strong>in</strong>nata<br />

japonica - see A. rubra<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

rubra R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

Azollaceae<br />

floribunda (R. Br.) Wettst. Scrophulariaceae<br />

hamiltoniana (Benth.) Wettst. Scrophulariaceae<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae<br />

procumbens (Mill.) Greenm. Scrophulariaceae<br />

rotundifolia Wettst. Scrophulariaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 7<br />

BAN,IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

LAO,THA<br />

IND,NEP,SRI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

BUR<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,THA<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

BAN<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,VIE<br />

BAN, I DO<br />

IDO,IND

8 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Barleria<br />

cristata L.<br />

Basella<br />

rubra L.<br />

Basilicum<br />

polystachyon (L.) Moench<br />

Batrachium<br />

trichophyllum - see Ranunculus<br />

trichophyllus<br />

Belosynapsis<br />

Ciliata (BI.) Rolla Rao<br />

moluccana (L.) C.E.C. Fischer<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

capensis L.<br />

verticellata - see B. capensis<br />

Bidens<br />

biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff<br />

ex Sherff<br />

chrysanthemoides Michx.<br />

laevis - see B. chrysanthemoides<br />

pilosa L.<br />

tripartita L.<br />

Biophytum<br />

sensitivum (L.) DC.<br />

Bla<strong>in</strong>villea<br />

acmella (L.) Philip.<br />

Blechum<br />

pyramidatum (Lam.) Urb.<br />

Blepharis<br />

mollug<strong>in</strong>ifolia Pers.<br />

Blumea<br />

bifoliata (L.) DC.<br />

lacera (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

lac<strong>in</strong>iata (Roxb.) DC.<br />

mollis (D. Don) Merr.<br />

napifolia DC.<br />

s<strong>in</strong>uata - see B. lac<strong>in</strong>iata<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Basellaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,SRI,THA<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

IDO<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP,PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND,PHI<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Blumea (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

tenella DC.<br />

virens DC.<br />

Blumeopsis<br />

falcata (D. Don) Merr.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

lancifolia - see B. auberti<br />

malayana - see B. auberti<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Planch. ex Thw<br />

oryzetorum - see B. auberti<br />

roxburghii - see B. oct<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

talboti Hook. f.<br />

zeylanica - see B. auberti<br />

Boerhavia<br />

diffusa L.<br />

erecta L.<br />

repens - see B. diffusa<br />

sp.<br />

Bonnaya<br />

brachiata - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia Ciliata<br />

multiflora Bonati<br />

oppositifolia Spreng.<br />

veronicaefolia Spreng.<br />

Borreria<br />

alata (Aubl.) DC.<br />

articularis (L.f.) F.N. Williams<br />

distans Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

hispida - see B. articularis<br />

laevis (Lam.) Griseb.<br />

latifolia (Aubl.) Schum.<br />

ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

repens DC.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 9<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

LAO,THA<br />

MAL<br />

IND,PHI,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

SRI<br />

IND,NEP,PHI,THA<br />

IDO,IND,THA<br />

IDO<br />

SRI<br />

IDO,IND,NEP<br />

KAM<br />

IND,LAO<br />

IND,KAM,NEP,VIE<br />

IDO,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

IDO,THA<br />

IDO,LAO,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO

10 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Borreria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

setidens (Miq.) Bold.<br />

stricta (L.f.) G.F.N. Mey.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedia - see B. bladhii<br />

ischaemum (L.) Keng<br />

odorata - see B. bladhii<br />

pertusa (L.) A. Camus<br />

pseudoischaemum - see B.<br />

ischaemum<br />

Brachiaria<br />

distachya (L.) Stapf<br />

eruciformis (J. E. Sm.) Griseb.<br />

miliiformis (Presl) A. Chase<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

paspaloides (Presl) C.E. Hubb.<br />

platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash<br />

ramosa (L.) Stapf<br />

reptans (L.) Gard. & C.E. Hubb.<br />

sp.<br />

Bramia<br />

monnieri - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Brasenia<br />

schreberi Gmel.<br />

Bridelia<br />

montana (Roxb.) Willd.<br />

Briza<br />

SP.<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

capillaris - see B. densa<br />

densa (Wall. <strong>in</strong> Roxb.) H<strong>and</strong>.-<br />

Mazz.<br />

puberula (Poir.) C.B. Clarke<br />

Buddleja<br />

asiatica Lour.<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Buddlejaceae<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,MAL,PHI<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP,VIE<br />

IND,SRI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

SRI,VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,NEP<br />

IND,MAL<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

PAK<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

THA

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Butomopsis<br />

lanceolata Kunth<br />

Butomus<br />

umbellatus L.<br />

C aesulia<br />

axillaris Roxb.<br />

Calogyne<br />

pilosa R. Br.<br />

Calopogonium<br />

mucunoides Desv.<br />

Calotis<br />

gaudichaudii Gagnep.<br />

Calotropsis<br />

procera (Willd.) Dry<strong>and</strong>. ex<br />

W.T. Ait.<br />

Calystegia<br />

hederacea Wall.<br />

Canavalia<br />

maritima (Aubl.) Thou.<br />

Cannabis<br />

sativa L.<br />

Canscora<br />

decurrens Dalz.<br />

decussata Schult.<br />

diffusa R. Br.<br />

Capillipedium<br />

assimile (Steud.) A. Camus<br />

parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf<br />

Capparis<br />

micrantha DC.<br />

zeylanica L.<br />

Capsella<br />

bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.<br />

Cardam<strong>in</strong>e<br />

hirsuta L.<br />

Cardanthera<br />

difformis - see Hygrophila difformis<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Goodeniaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asclepiadaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cannabaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 11<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,NEP<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

BAN,IND

12 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cardanthera (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

trifolia - see Hygrophila difformis<br />

ulig<strong>in</strong>osa - see Hygrophila<br />

helodes<br />

Cardiospermum<br />

halicacabum L.<br />

Carduus<br />

edelbergii K.H. Rech<strong>in</strong>ger<br />

Carex<br />

breviculmis R. Br.<br />

fedia - see C. wallichiana<br />

foliosa D. Don<br />

k<strong>in</strong>giana Leveille & Vaniot<br />

notha Kunth<br />

nubigena D. Don<br />

philocrena V. Krecz<br />

pru<strong>in</strong>osa Boott<br />

wallichiana Presc.<br />

Cassia<br />

alata - see Senna alata<br />

auriculata L.<br />

hirsuta - see Senna hirsuta<br />

lechenaultiana - see<br />

Chamaecrista mimosoides<br />

mimosoides - see Chamaecrista<br />

mimosoides<br />

obtusifolia - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

occidentalis - see Senna<br />

occidentalis<br />

tora - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

Catharanthus<br />

pusillus (Murr.) G. Don<br />

roseus (L.) G. Don<br />

Cayratia<br />

trifolia (L.) Dom<strong>in</strong><br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

cristata - see C. argentea<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Sap<strong>in</strong>daceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Apocynaceae<br />

Apocynaceae<br />

Vitaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

BUR,IND,NEP,PHI<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,LAO,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cenchrus<br />

brownii Roem. & Schult.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>atus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>flexus R. Br.<br />

viridis - see C. brownii<br />

Centaurium<br />

centaurioides (Roxb.) Rolla Rao<br />

& Hemadri<br />

roxburghii (G. Don) Druce<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Centipeda<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers.<br />

orbicularis - see C. m<strong>in</strong>ima<br />

Centotheca<br />

lappacea (L.) Desv.<br />

latifolia - see C. lappacea<br />

Centranthera<br />

brunoniana Benth.<br />

humifusa Wall.<br />

tranquebarica (Spreng.) Merr.<br />

Centrolepis<br />

asiatica Merr. ex Gagnep.<br />

Centrosema<br />

plumieri (Turp. ex Pers.) Benth.<br />

pubescens Benth.<br />

Centrostachys<br />

aquatica (R. Br.) Wall.<br />

Cerastium<br />

glomeratum Thuill.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron.<br />

siliquosa - see C. thalictroides<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Centrolepidaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 13<br />

PHI<br />

PHI,SRI<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL<br />

IDO,IND,MAL<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

LAO<br />

BAN<br />

IND,SRI<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

MAL<br />

IND,PHI

14 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Ceratopteris (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chamaecrista<br />

mimosoides St<strong>and</strong>ley<br />

Chamaeraphis<br />

brunoniana - see Pseudoraphis<br />

brunoniana<br />

graciiis - see Setaria laxa<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens - see Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens<br />

squarrosa - see Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens<br />

Chamomilla<br />

suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.<br />

Chara<br />

fibrosa Ag. ex Bruz<br />

fragilis - see C. globularis<br />

globularis Thuill.<br />

gymnopitys Brann.<br />

sp.<br />

vulgaris L.<br />

zeylanica Willd.<br />

Chenopodium<br />

album L.<br />

ambrosioides L.<br />

murale L.<br />

Chionachne<br />

koenigii (Spreng.) Thw.<br />

Chloris<br />

barbata Sw.<br />

gayana Kunth<br />

<strong>in</strong>flata - see C. barbata<br />

polydactyla (L.) Sw.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L.<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Chrozophora<br />

plicata (Vahl) A. Juss.<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,LAO,NEP,SRI,<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

IND,THA<br />

BAN,IND,NEP,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Chrozophora (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

prostrata Dalz. Euphorbiaceae<br />

rottleri (Geisel) A. Juss. ex Spreng. Euphorbiaceae<br />

Chrysanthemum<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erariifolium (Trev.) Vis. Asteraceae<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. Poaceae<br />

Cichorium<br />

<strong>in</strong>tybus L. Asteraceae<br />

Cirsium<br />

argyracanthum - see Cnicus Asteraceae<br />

argyracanthus<br />

Cissus<br />

repens - see Vitis repens Vitaceae<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cladophora<br />

sp.<br />

Cleome<br />

aspera Koen. ex DC.<br />

chelidonii L.f.<br />

Ciliata - see C. rutidosperma<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

icos<strong>and</strong>ra L.<br />

monophylla L.<br />

rutidosperma DC.<br />

viscosa L.<br />

Clerodendrum<br />

<strong>in</strong>fortunatum Gaertn.<br />

Clidemia<br />

hirta (L.) D. Don<br />

Cnicus<br />

argyracanthus C.B. Clarke<br />

Cladophoraceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 15<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

LAO<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,NEP,VIE<br />

I DO<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,THA<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

IND

16 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cocc<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica Wight 8 Arn.<br />

Codonopsis<br />

javanica (BI.) Hook. f.<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

Campanulaceae<br />

Coelachne<br />

pulchella R. Br. Poaceae<br />

simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex Poaceae<br />

Steud.) Munro ex Benth.<br />

Coelorachis<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) Stapf ex Ridl.<br />

Coix<br />

Poaceae<br />

aquatica Roxb. Poaceae<br />

gigantea Koen. ex Roxb. Poaceae<br />

lachryma-jobi L.<br />

Coldenia<br />

Poaceae<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Colocasia<br />

esculenta (L.) Schott<br />

sp.<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

attenuata Koen. ex Vahl Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

benghalensis L. Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

communis - see C. diffusa Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

diffusa Burm. f. Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

forskalaei Vahl Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

hasskarlii C.B. Clarke Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

jacobi Fischer<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

japonica - see Aneilema japonicum Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

longifolia Lam. Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

nudiflora - see Murdannia nudiflora Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

obliqua - see C. paludosa Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

paleata Hassk.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

paludosa BI.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,SRI<br />

THA<br />

IND,LAO,THA,VIE<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND,PAK,PHI,THA<br />

BAN,IND,VIE<br />

BAN,THA<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BUR,IND,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,NEP<br />

BRU,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA<br />

IND,NEP<br />

BAN<br />

IDO,IND,NEP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

salicifolia - see C. longifolia<br />

sikkimensis Clarke<br />

Convolvulus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

sc<strong>in</strong>dicus Stocks<br />

Conyza<br />

albida Willd. ex Spreng.<br />

ambigua L.<br />

bonariensis (L.) Cronq.<br />

canadensis (L.) Cronq.<br />

japonica Less.<br />

leucantha (D. Don) Ludlow &<br />

Raven<br />

sumatrensis (Retz.) E.H. Walker<br />

Corchorus<br />

acutangulus - see C. aestuans<br />

aestuans L.<br />

antichorus Raeuschel<br />

capsularis L.<br />

fascicularis Lam.<br />

olitorius L.<br />

trilocularis L.<br />

Coreopsis<br />

lanceolata L.<br />

t<strong>in</strong>ctoria Nutt.<br />

Cosmos<br />

caudatus Kunth<br />

Cotula<br />

hemisphaerica Wall. ex Clarke<br />

Courtoisia<br />

cyperoides - see Cyperus luzulae<br />

Crassocepnalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore<br />

Crawfurdia<br />

speciosa Wall.<br />

Crepis<br />

japonica - see Youngia japonica<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 17<br />

IND,KAM,NEP<br />

IND<br />

IND,PAK<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IDO,THA<br />

BAN,IND,PHI<br />

BAN,IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,KAM,NEP,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP,PHI,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,VIE

18 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cressa<br />

cretica L.<br />

Cr<strong>in</strong>um<br />

latifolium L.<br />

Crotalaria<br />

alata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don<br />

anagyroides - see C. micans<br />

bialata - see C. alata<br />

bracteata Roxb.<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea Grah. ex Benth.<br />

humifusa Grah. ex Benth.<br />

<strong>in</strong>cana L.<br />

juncea L.<br />

laburnifolia L.<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see C. montana<br />

medicag<strong>in</strong>ea Lam.<br />

micans L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

montana Roth<br />

mucronata - see C. pallida<br />

mysorensis Roth<br />

pallida Ait.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quefolia L.<br />

retusa L.<br />

saltiana Andr.<br />

striata DC.<br />

verrucosa L.<br />

Croton<br />

bonpl<strong>and</strong>ianus Baill.<br />

hirtus L’Her.<br />

plicatus - see Chrozophora plicata<br />

sparsiflorus Morong<br />

Crypsis<br />

schoenoides (L.) Lam.<br />

Cryptocoryne<br />

Ciliata (Roxb.) Schott<br />

spiralis Fisch. ex Wydler<br />

Cucumis<br />

trigonus Roxb.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Amaryllidaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,THA<br />

NEP<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

SRI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

PHI<br />

MAL,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cudrania<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) Kudo &<br />

Masamune ex Sauer<br />

Cum<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>um<br />

cym<strong>in</strong>um L.<br />

Cuscuta<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lam.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris<br />

barbata D. Don<br />

cristata D. Don<br />

cucullata Kunth<br />

moluccana - see Belosynapsis<br />

moluccana<br />

papilionacea Schult. f.<br />

tuberosa (Roxb.) Schult. f.<br />

vaga - see Belosynapsis Ciliata<br />

Cyathocl<strong>in</strong>e<br />

lyrata Cass.<br />

purpurea - see C. lyrata<br />

Cyathula<br />

prostrata (L.) BI.<br />

Cymbopogon<br />

citratus (DC.) Stapf<br />

jwarancusa (Jones) Schult.<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cynoglossum<br />

glochidiatum DC.<br />

lanceolatum Forssk.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alopecuroides Rottb.<br />

Moraceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

SRI<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 19<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

NEP<br />

BAN,IND,IDO,MAL,<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

KAM<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BHU,BUR,IDO,<br />

IND,KAM,LAO,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

SRI

20 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

alulatus Kern<br />

amabilis - see C. castaneus<br />

aristatus - see C. squarrosus<br />

aromaticus (Ridl.) Mattf. & Kuk.<br />

articulatus L.<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

babakensis - see C. babakan<br />

bancanus - see C. trialatus<br />

bifax - see C. rotundus ssp. retzii<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

bulbosus - see Cyperus rotundus<br />

castaneus Willd.<br />

cephalotes Vahl<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

conglomeratus Rottb.<br />

corymbosus Rottb.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us (Retz.) Valck. Sur.<br />

cyperoides (L.) O.K.<br />

dehiscens - see C. halpan<br />

diaphanus Schrader ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

difformis L.<br />

diffusus Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PAK,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,MAL<br />

VIE<br />

SRI<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,NEP,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,SRI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

SRI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,LAO,PHI,VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

dilutus - see C. compactus<br />

distans L.f.<br />

dubius Rottb.<br />

elatus L.<br />

eleus<strong>in</strong>oides - see C. nutans<br />

erythrorhizos Muhl.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

exaltus Retz.<br />

ferax - see C. odoratus<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

flavldus Retz.<br />

globosus - see C. flavidus<br />

grossus - see Scirpus grossus<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

javanicus Houtt.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gaeoides - see C. dubius<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 21<br />

BAN,BRU,BUR,IDO,<br />

IND,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,PAK,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,NEP<br />

BAN,BRU,BUR,IDO,<br />

IND,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,PAK,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,NEP<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,NEP,<br />

THA<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PAK,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

NEP,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,NEP,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO

22 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl. Cyperaceae<br />

laevigatus L. Cyperaceae<br />

latespicatus - see C. diaphanus Cyperaceae<br />

levis - see C. sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Cyperaceae<br />

longus L. Cyperaceae<br />

luzulae Rottb. ex Willd. Cyperaceae<br />

macrostachyos Lam. Cyperaceae<br />

malaccensis Lam. Cyperaceae<br />

melanospermus (Nees) Valck. Sur. Cyperaceae<br />

michelianus - see C. pygmaeus Cyperaceae<br />

microiria Steud. Cyperaceae<br />

mitis Steud. Cyperaceae<br />

monocephalus - see C. cephalotes Cyperaceae<br />

moveus Retz. Cyperaceae<br />

niveus Retz. Cyperaceae<br />

nutans Vahl Cyperaceae<br />

odoratus L. Cyperaceae<br />

pangorei Rottb. Cyperaceae<br />

parviflorus - see C. iria Cyperaceae<br />

pilosus Vahl Cyperaceae<br />

platystylis R. Br. Cyperaceae<br />

polystachyos Rottb. Cyperaceae<br />

procerus Rottb. Cyperaceae<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth Cyperaceae<br />

pulv<strong>in</strong>atus - see C. pumilus Cyperaceae<br />

pumilus L. Cyperaceae<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,BUR,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PAK,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,MAL<br />

IND<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,PHI,SRI<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

I DO<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PAK,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

puncticulatus - see C. procerus<br />

pygmaeus Rottb.<br />

radians Nees & Mey.<br />

radiatus - see C. elatus<br />

rotundus L.<br />

rotundus L. ssp. retzii (Nees) Kuk.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kuk.<br />

silletensis - see C. pumilus<br />

sphacelatus Rottb.<br />

squarrosus L.<br />

stenophyllus Valck. Sur.<br />

stoloniferus Retz.<br />

strigosus L.<br />

substram<strong>in</strong>eus Kuk.<br />

sulc<strong>in</strong>ux Clarke<br />

tagetiformis Roxb.<br />

tegetum Roxb.<br />

teneriffae Poir.<br />

tenuiculmis Boeck.<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

trialatus (Boeck.) Kern<br />

t<strong>rice</strong>ps (Rottb.) Endl.<br />

tuberosus - see C. rotundus<br />

umbellatus - see C. cyper<strong>in</strong>us<br />

unc<strong>in</strong>atus - see C. cuspidatus<br />

zoll<strong>in</strong>geri Steud.<br />

Cyrtococcum<br />

accrescens (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) Stapf<br />

oxyphyllum (Steud.) Stapf<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 23<br />

IND,SRI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

PHI,SRI,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI<br />

BAN,BHU,BRU,BUR,<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,PAK,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

SRI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

BAN,BUR,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PAK,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,THA<br />

BAN,NEP<br />

IND,MAL,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,SRI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND,PHI

24 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cyrtococcum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

patens (L.) A. Camus<br />

trigonum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Datura<br />

metel L.<br />

Deer<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr.<br />

polysperma (Roxb.) Moq.<br />

Dentella<br />

repens (L.) Forst.<br />

serpyllifolia Wall. ex Airy Shaw<br />

Desmodium<br />

capitatum - see D. styracifolium<br />

gangeticum (L.) DC.<br />

heterocarpon (L.) DC.<br />

heterophyllum (Willd.) DC.<br />

khasianum Pra<strong>in</strong><br />

lasiocarpum - see D. velut<strong>in</strong>um<br />

laxiflorum DC.<br />

laxum L.<br />

microphyllum (Thunb.) DC.<br />

podocarpum - see D. laxum<br />

procumbens (Mill.) Hitchc.<br />

pulchellum (L.) Benth.<br />

scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv.<br />

styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr.<br />

trifolium - see D. triflorum<br />

triflorum (L.) DC<br />

triquetrum (L.) DC.<br />

velut<strong>in</strong>um (Willd.) DC.<br />

Desmostachya<br />

bip<strong>in</strong>nata (L.) Stapf<br />

Dicanthelium<br />

cl<strong>and</strong>est<strong>in</strong>um - see Panicum<br />

cl<strong>and</strong>est<strong>in</strong>um<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

IND,MAL,PHI<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

NEP,PAK,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

NEP<br />

IDO,IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

BAN<br />

BAN,IND,NEP,PHI<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

BAN,BUR,IND<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Dichanthium<br />

annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

aristatum (Poir.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

caricosum (L.) A. Camus<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>um (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

Dichrocephala<br />

bicolor - see D. <strong>in</strong>tegrifolia<br />

<strong>in</strong>tegrifolia (L.f.) O.K.<br />

latifolia - see D. <strong>in</strong>tegrifolia<br />

Dicliptera<br />

roxburghiana Nees<br />

Digera<br />

alternifolia - see D. muricata<br />

arvensis - see D. muricata<br />

muricata (L.) Mart.<br />

Digitaria<br />

abludens (Roem. & Schult.) Veldk<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

bifasciculata - see D. compacta<br />

biformis - see D. ciliaris<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis - see D. violascens<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

compacta (Roth ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.) Veldk.<br />

conjugata - see Brachiaria<br />

distachya<br />

consangu<strong>in</strong>ea - see D. setigera<br />

corymbosa - see D. compacta<br />

digitata - see D. violascens<br />

filiformis (L.) Koel.<br />

fuscescens (Presl) Henr.<br />

granularis - see D. abludens<br />

heteranthera (Hook. f.) Merr.<br />

ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex<br />

Muehl.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 25<br />

BAN,IND,NEP<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,IND,THA<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

PHI,THA<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE

26 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Digitaria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata - see D. ciliaris<br />

microbachne - see D. setigera<br />

nuda Schum.<br />

pruriens - see D. setigera<br />

radicosa (Presl) Miq.<br />

royleana - see D. stricta<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

setigera Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

speciosa - see D. longiflora<br />

stricta Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

ternata (A. Rich.) Stapf<br />

timorensis - see D. radicosa<br />

violascens L.<br />

Dimeria<br />

acutipes Bor<br />

hohenackeri Hochst. ex Miq.<br />

ornithopoda Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

D<strong>in</strong>ebra<br />

arabica - see D. retroflexa<br />

retroftexa (Vaht) Panzer<br />

Dioscorea<br />

sp.<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>a (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Dopatrium<br />

acutifolium Bonati<br />

junceurn Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

lobelioides (Retz.) Benth.<br />

nudicale (Willd.) Benth.<br />

Drosera<br />

burmanni Vahl<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

umbellata Lour.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Dioscoreaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

IDO,IND,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,LAO,PHI<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BRU,BUR,IDO,<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,THA<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

BUR,IND,MAL,PAK,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

KAM,LAO<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI<br />

IND,SRI<br />

SRI<br />

BAN,IND,KAM<br />

IDO,IND,SRI,VIE<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Drymaria<br />

cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

di<strong>and</strong>ra - see D. cordata<br />

Dryopteris<br />

sp.<br />

Duchesnea<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Andr.) Foche<br />

Dysophylla<br />

auricularia - see Pogostemon<br />

auricularius<br />

crassicaulis Benth.<br />

globulosa Doan<br />

quadrifolia - see Pogostemon<br />

stellatus<br />

stellatus - see Pogostemon<br />

stellatus<br />

tomentosa Dalz.<br />

verticillata - see Pogostemon<br />

stellatus<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var<br />

austro-japonensis Ohwi<br />

crus-galli var. breviseta - see<br />

E. crus-galli<br />

crus-galli var. caudata - see<br />

E. crus-galli ssp. hispidula<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Aspidiaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 27<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA<br />

SRI<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND<br />

BAN<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BRU,BUR,IDO,<br />

IND,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,PAK,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,CAM,LAO,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND

28 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

crus-galli var. frumentacea - see<br />

E. frumentacea<br />

crus-galli var. kasaharae - see<br />

E. glabrescens<br />

crus-galli var. oryzicola - see<br />

E. phyllopogon<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var.<br />

praticola Ohwi<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

frumentacea L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzicola - see E. phyllopogon<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss.<br />

picta (Koen.) Michael<br />

pungens - see E. crus-galli<br />

pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitch. & Chase<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>odorus<br />

ridleyi Steen<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

erecta L.<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

azurea (Sw.) Kunth<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Poaceae IND<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

NEP<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND,NEP<br />

BUR,IDO,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,NEP,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BUR,IND,VIE<br />

BUR,IND,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

BUR,IND,NEP,VIE<br />

BUR,IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,NEP,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA<br />

IND,MAL,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,NEP,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PAK,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.)Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

afflata - see E. congesta<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

capitata - see E. geniculata<br />

caribea - see E. geniculata<br />

chaetaria - see E. retroflexa<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see E. dulcis<br />

fistulosa - see E. acutangula<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

obtusa (Willd.) Schult.<br />

ochrostachys Steud.<br />

palustris (L.) R. Br.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 29<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PAK,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,NEP,PAK,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PAK,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

SRI<br />

IDO,IND,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,KAM,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,MAL<br />

BAN,BRU,BUR,IDO,<br />

IND,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN<br />

IDO,MAL<br />

BAN,IND,NEP<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E

30 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Eleocharis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>oides - see E. dulcis<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>queflora (F.X. Hartmann) O.<br />

Schwartz<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

spiralis (Rottb.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

tetraquetra Nees<br />

variegata (Poir.) Presl<br />

wolfii Gray<br />

Elephantopus<br />

mollis - see E. tomentosus<br />

scaber L.<br />

spicatus - see Pseudelephantopus<br />

spicatus<br />

tomentosus L.<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

aegyptia - see Dactyloctenium<br />

aegyptium<br />

aegyptiaca - see Dactyloctenium<br />

aegyptium<br />

coracana (L.) Gaertn.<br />

flagellifera - see Ochthochloa<br />

compressa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Eleutheranthera<br />

ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.-Bip.<br />

Elsholtzia<br />

bl<strong>and</strong>a Benth<br />

Elymus<br />

repens (L.) Gould<br />

Elytraria<br />

imbricata (Vahl) Pers.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

IDO,IND,CAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

MAL,SRI,THA<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,THA<br />

SRI<br />

IDO,KAM,MAL<br />

IDO<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,VIE<br />

PAK<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

MAL,NEP,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Elytrophorus<br />

articulatus - see E. spicatus Poaceae<br />

spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus Poaceae<br />

Emilia<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC. Asteraceae<br />

Enhalus<br />

acoroides (L.f.) Royle Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Enhydrias<br />

angustifolia Ridl. Hydrocharitaceae<br />

angustipetala - see Blyxa japonica Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Enicostemma<br />

littorale BI.<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Enteromorpha<br />

<strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Grev.<br />

Ulvavaceae<br />

Enteropogon<br />

dolichostachyus (Lagas.) Keng ex Poaceae<br />

Lazar.<br />

Enydra<br />

fluctuans Lour. Asteraceae<br />

Epaltes<br />

australis - see E. cunn<strong>in</strong>ghamii Asteraceae<br />

cunn<strong>in</strong>ghamii Benth. Asteraceae<br />

divaricata (L.) Cass.<br />

Epilobium<br />

Asteraceae<br />

hirsutum L.<br />

Equisetum<br />

Onagraceae<br />

debile Roxb. ex Vaucher<br />

diffusum Don<br />

ramosissimum Desf.<br />

Eragrostiella<br />

Equisetaceae<br />

Equisetaceae<br />

Equisetaceae<br />

bifaria (Vahl) Bor Poaceae<br />

brachyphylla (Stapf) Bor<br />

Eragrostis<br />

Poaceae<br />

amabilis - see E. tenella Poaceae<br />

aspera (Jacq.) Nees Poaceae<br />

atrovirens (Desf.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud. Poaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 31<br />

BUR,IND<br />

BUR,IND,SRI,THA<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

MAL,VIE<br />

MAL,VIE<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,VIE<br />

BAN,VIE<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND,PAK<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,VIE<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND,MAL,THA,VIE

32 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Eragrostis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

bifaria - see Eragrostiella bifaria<br />

brachyphylla - see Eragrostiella<br />

brachyphylla<br />

burmanica Bor<br />

chariis - see E. nutans<br />

cilianensis (All.) Lut. ex F.T. Hubb.<br />

ciliaris (L.) R. Br.<br />

coarctata Stapf ex Hook. f.<br />

cynosuroides - see<br />

Desmostachya bip<strong>in</strong>nata<br />

diarrhena - see E. japonica<br />

diplachnoides - see E.<br />

namaquensis<br />

elongata Jacq.<br />

gangetica (Roxb.) Steud.<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see E. japonica<br />

japonica (Thunb.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

koenigii - see E. japonica<br />

maderaspatana Bor<br />

major - see E. cilianensis<br />

megastachya - see E. cilianensis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or Host<br />

montana Balansa<br />

multicaulis Steud.<br />

namaquensis Schrad.<br />

nardoides Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

nigra Nees ex Steud.<br />

nutans (Retz.) Steud.<br />

pect<strong>in</strong>acea (Michx.) Nees<br />

pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

plumosa - see E. tenella<br />

poaeoides - see E. m<strong>in</strong>or<br />

repens Hochst. ex Miq.<br />

reptans (Michx.) Nees<br />

simplex Scribn.<br />

stenophylla - see E. gangetica<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

tremula Hochst. ex Steud.<br />

trichodes (Nutt.) Wood<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BUR<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BUR<br />

IND,PAK<br />

VIE<br />

VI E<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

BAN,IND,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

NEP,SRI,THA,VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Eragrostis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

viscosa (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

willdenoviana - see E.<br />

maderaspatana<br />

xylanica Hack.<br />

Erechtites<br />

valerianaefolia DC.<br />

Eremochloa<br />

ciliaris (L.) Merr.<br />

Eriachne<br />

pallescens R. Br.<br />

Erigeron<br />

annuus (L.) Pers.<br />

asteroides Roxb.<br />

canadensis - see Conyza<br />

canadensis<br />

karv<strong>in</strong>skianus DC.<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolius - see E. surnatrensis<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

achiton - see E. nigricans<br />

alatum Lecomte<br />

australe R. Br.<br />

brownianum Mart.<br />

capillus-naiadas Hook. f.<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

cristatum Mart.<br />

cuspidatum Dalz<br />

disepalum Ridl.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>ulatum Mart.<br />

eleanorae Fyson<br />

equisetoides van Royen<br />

gracile Mart.<br />

heterolepis Steud.<br />

longifolium Nees ex Kunth<br />

luzulaefolium Mart.<br />

nepalense Bong.<br />

nigricans R. Br.<br />

odoraturn Dalz.<br />

oryzetorum Mart.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangulare L.<br />

redactum Ruhl.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 33<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

KAM<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

MAL,PHI<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

I DO<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

BAN,IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IND,SRI<br />

IND

34 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Eriocaulon (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

setaceum L.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

sieboldianum - see E. sexangulare<br />

sollyanum Royle<br />

thwaitesii Koern.<br />

trilobum - see E. sollyanum<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

xeranthemum Mart.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriochloa<br />

fatmensis (Hochst. & Steud.)<br />

W.D. Clayton<br />

Poaceae<br />

nubica - see E. fatmensis Poaceae<br />

polystachya - see E. procera Poaceae<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. Poaceae<br />

ramosa - see E. procera Poaceae<br />

Eryngium<br />

foetidum L.<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Erythraea<br />

roxburghii - see Centaurium Gentianaceae<br />

roxburghii<br />

Eulalia<br />

monostachya (Balansa) A. Camus Poaceae<br />

Eupatorium<br />

adenophorum - see Agerat<strong>in</strong>a Asteraceae<br />

adenophora<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosum Kunth Asteraceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>ulaefolium - see Asteraceae<br />

Austroeupatorium <strong>in</strong>ulaefolium<br />

odoratum - see Chromolaena Asteraceae<br />

odorata<br />

Euphorbia<br />

capillaris Gagnep. Euphorbiaceae<br />

dracunculoides Lam. Euphorbiaceae<br />

emodi Hook. f. Euphorbiaceae<br />

geniculata - see E. heterophylla Euphorbiaceae<br />

helioscopia L. Euphorbiaceae<br />

IND,NEP<br />

BAN,IND,KAM,MAL,<br />

NEP,PAK,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IND,KAM,NEP,<br />

PAK<br />

BAN,BUR,IND<br />

SRI<br />

BAN,BUR,IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN<br />

BAN,THA<br />

BAN<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,VIE<br />

VI E<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

KAM<br />

IND,NEP,THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

IDO,SRI<br />

PAK

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Euphorbia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

heterophylla L.<br />

hirta L.<br />

hispida Boiss.<br />

hypericifolia L.<br />

microphylla Heyne ex Roth<br />

nivulia Buch.-Ham.<br />

orbiculata Miq.<br />

parviflora L.<br />

prostrata Ait.<br />

prunifolia - see E. heterophylla<br />

pulcherrima Willd.<br />

re<strong>in</strong>wardtiana - see E. vachellii<br />

serrulata - see E. vachellii<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>a Raf.<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

vachellii Hook. & Arn.<br />

Eusteralis<br />

stellata - see Pogostemon<br />

stellatus<br />

Evolvulus<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides (L.) L.<br />

nummularius (L.) L.<br />

Exacum<br />

pedunculatum L.<br />

tetragonum Roxb.<br />

F agopyrum<br />

cymosum (Trev.) Meissn.<br />

esculentunm Moench<br />

Fimbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

albicans Nees<br />

alboviridis C.B. Clarke<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 35<br />

IDO,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

BAN.IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

NEP,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

BUR<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

NEP<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,IAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND

36 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Fimbristylis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

anisoclada Ohwi<br />

annua - see F. dichotoma<br />

aphylla Steud.<br />

argentea (Rottb.) Vahl<br />

barbata - see Bulbostylis barbata<br />

bis-umbellata (Forssk.) Bub.<br />

caesia Miq.<br />

c<strong>in</strong>namometorum (Vahl) Kunth<br />

complanata (Retz.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

cymosa R. Br.<br />

cyperoides - see F.<br />

c<strong>in</strong>namometorum<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma<br />

dipsacea (Rottb.) Clarke<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

eragrostis (Nees) Hance<br />

falcata (Vahl) Kunth<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea (L.) Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

griffithii Boeck.<br />

junciformis - see F. falcata<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

merrillii Kern<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

monostachya - see F. ovata<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

ovata (Burm. f.) Kern<br />

pauciflora R. Br.<br />

podocarpa - see F. tomentosa<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

IDO,IND,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

MAL,NEP,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IND,NEP,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

IND,NEP<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PAK,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI,THA<br />

BAN,BHU,BUR,IDO,<br />

IND,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,PAK,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,SRI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Fimbristylis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

polytrichoides (Retz.) R. Br.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangularis (Vahl) Kunth<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>a R. Br.<br />

sieberiana Kunth<br />

sp.<br />

spathacea - see F. cymosa<br />

squarrosa Vahl<br />

stolonifera C.B. Clarke<br />

subbispicata - see F. tristachya<br />

tenera Roem. & Schult.<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

torresiana - see F. globulosa<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

umbellaria - see F. globulosa<br />

utilis - see F. globulosa<br />

Fissendocarpa<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia<br />

Flagellaria<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Flaveria<br />

australasica Hook.<br />

Flem<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

strobilifera (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.<br />

Floscopa<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens Lour.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

glomerata - see F. ciliaris<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Flagellariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 37<br />

IND,KAM<br />

IDO,IND,SRI<br />

IDO,lND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,PAK,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

BRU<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PAK<br />

KAM<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

SRI,THA

38 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Fuirena (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

unc<strong>in</strong>ata - see F. umbellata<br />

G ahnia<br />

javanica Mor.<br />

Gal<strong>in</strong>soga<br />

ciliata (Raf.) Blake<br />

parviflora Cav.<br />

Galium<br />

spurium L.<br />

Geissaspis<br />

cristata Wight & Arn.<br />

tenella Benth.<br />

Geranium<br />

nepalense Sweet<br />

Gisekia<br />

pharnacioides L.<br />

Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Glossostigma<br />

spathulatum Wight & Arn.<br />

Gnaphalium<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e - see G. luteo-album<br />

hypoleucum DC.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

luteo-album L.<br />

obtusifolium L.<br />

polycaulon - see G. obtusifolium<br />

pulv<strong>in</strong>atum Del.<br />

purpureum L.<br />

Gomphrena<br />

celosioides Mart.<br />

decumbens Jacq.<br />

Gonatanthus<br />

pumilus Engl. & Krause<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Geraniaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,VIE<br />

SRI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,SRI,THA<br />

THA<br />

IND,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IND,SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Gonostegia<br />

hirta (BI.) Miq.<br />

reptans C.B. Roxb.<br />

Goodenia<br />

kon<strong>in</strong>gsbergeri (Back.) Back. ex<br />

Bold.<br />

Grangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

sp.<br />

Gratiola<br />

juncea Roxb.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

pentaphylla - see G. gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Gymnogramma<br />

colomelanos Kanlf.<br />

Gymnopetalum<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Kurz<br />

Gynura<br />

crepidioides - see<br />

Crassocephalum crepidioides<br />

p<strong>in</strong>natifida DC.<br />

H ackelochloa<br />

granularis (L.) O.K.<br />

Hanguana<br />

malayana (Jack.) Merr.<br />

Hedyotis<br />

auriculata L.<br />

biflora - see H. racemosa<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

crataeogonum Spreng.<br />

diffusa L.<br />

fruticosa L.<br />

herbacea L.<br />

paniculata (L.) Lam.<br />

Urticaceae<br />

Urticaceae<br />

Goodeniaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Polypodiaceae<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Flagellariaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 39<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,KAM,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

NEP,VIE<br />

SRI<br />

I DO<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,NEP

40 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Hedyotis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

racemosa Lam.<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens Roxb.<br />

umbellata (L.) Lam.<br />

verticillata - see H. crataeogonum<br />

Heleocharis<br />

atropurpurea - see Eleocharis<br />

atropurpurea<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see Eleocharis<br />

dulcis<br />

Heleochloa<br />

variegata - see Eleocharis<br />

variegata<br />

schoenoides - see Cryspis<br />

schoenoides<br />

Heliotropium<br />

elongatum Willd. ex Cham.<br />

fruticosum L.<br />

hirtum - see H. fruticosum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

ovalifolium Forssk.<br />

strigosum (L.) Willd.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>um L.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

longiflora (Hook. f.) A. Camus<br />

protensa Nees ex Steud.<br />

Hemiadelphis<br />

polyspermus - see Hygrophila<br />

polysperma<br />

Hemigraphis<br />

hirta (Vahl) T. Anders.<br />

Herpestis<br />

chamaedroides - see Bacopa<br />

procumbens<br />

monnieri - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PAK<br />

KAM,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PAK,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IND,MAL,<br />

PAK,SRI,VIE<br />

BUR<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO<br />

IDO,LAO

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Heteranthera<br />

limosa (Sw.) Willd.<br />

reniformis Ruiz. & Pav.<br />

zosterifolia Mart.<br />

Heteropogon<br />

contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex<br />

Roem. & Schult.<br />

Hewittea<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens (Milne) Mabberley<br />

sublobata - see H. sc<strong>and</strong>ens<br />

Hibiscus<br />

cannab<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

surattensis L.<br />

trionum L.<br />

Homalocenchrus<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>rus - see Leersia hex<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Hoppea<br />

dichotoma Willd.<br />

Hordeum<br />

mur<strong>in</strong>um L.<br />

Hybanthus<br />

attenuates (Humb. & Bonpl.)<br />

G.K. Schulze<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocera<br />

angustifolia BI.<br />

triflora (L.) Wight & Arn.<br />

Hydrocharis<br />

cellulosa - see H. dubia<br />

dubia (BI.) Backer<br />

morsus-ranae L.<br />

Hydrocleys<br />

commersonii Rich.<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Violaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Geraniaceae<br />

Geraniaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Limnocharitaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 41<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

I DO<br />

IND,NEP<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

KAM<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

SRI,VIE<br />

MAL,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP,THA<br />

NEP<br />

IDO

42 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Hydrocotyle<br />

asiatica - see Centella asiatica<br />

javanica Thunb.<br />

rotundifolia - see H. sibthorpioides<br />

sibthorpioides Lam.<br />

Hydrodictyon<br />

reticulatum (L.) Lagerh.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa L.<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

auriculata (Schum.) He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

difformis (L.f.) BI.<br />

erecta (Burm. f.) Hochr.<br />

helodes He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

phlomoides Nees<br />

polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anders.<br />

quadrivalis Nees<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

serpyllum (Nees) T. Anders.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa - see H. auriculata<br />

Hygroryza<br />

aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight &<br />

Arn.<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong><br />

amplexicaulis - see H. acutigluma<br />

assamica (Hook. f.) Hitchc.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica - see Sacciolepis <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta<br />

rnyurus - see Sacciolepis myurus<br />

pseudo<strong>in</strong>terrupta -see H.<br />

acutigluma<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Hydrodictyaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

BAN,IDO<br />

IND<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IND,NEP,SRI<br />

BAN,IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL,VIE<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IDO,THA<br />

IDO,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,NEP,SRI,<br />

VI E<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

THA<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO<br />

MAL,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

THA

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

patulum - see H. uralum<br />

uralum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don<br />

Hypochoeris<br />

radicata L.<br />

Hypoxis<br />

decumbens L.<br />

Hyptis<br />

brevipes Poit.<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

rhomboidea Mart. & Gal.<br />

spicigera Lam.<br />

suaveolens (L.) Poit.<br />

l chanthus<br />

vic<strong>in</strong>us (F.M. Bail.) Merr.<br />

llysanthes<br />

antipoda - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia antipoda<br />

hyssopioides Benth.<br />

parviflora Benth.<br />

serrata - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia anagallis<br />

veronicaefolia Urb.<br />

Impatiens<br />

angustiflora Hook. f.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis L.<br />

fimbriata Hook.<br />

racemosa DC.<br />

radiata Hook. f.<br />

salicifolia Hook. f. & Thoms.<br />

lmperata<br />

arund<strong>in</strong>acea - see I. cyl<strong>in</strong>drica<br />

conferta (Presl) Ohwi<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

lndigofera<br />

dosua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa Willd.<br />

hirsuta L.<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaryllidaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 43<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

MAL,NEP,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI

44 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

lndigofera (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

prostrata Willd.<br />

suffruticosa Mill.<br />

t<strong>in</strong>ctoria L.<br />

tomentosa L.<br />

trifoliata L.<br />

lonidium<br />

suffruticosum G<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Ipomoea<br />

alba L.<br />

angustifolia Jacq.<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

bilboa - see I. pes-caprae<br />

cairica (L.) Sweet<br />

carnea Jacq.<br />

chryseides - see Merremia<br />

hederacea<br />

crassicaulis - see I. carnea<br />

fistulosa - see I. carnea<br />

gracilis R. Br.<br />

gr<strong>and</strong>iflora Lam.<br />

hederacea (L.) Jacq.<br />

hederifolia L.<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Merremia hirta<br />

macrantha Roem. & Schult.<br />

maxima (L.f.) Sweet<br />

obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl.<br />

pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.<br />

pes-tigridis L.<br />

quamoclit L.<br />

reniformis - see Merremia<br />

emarg<strong>in</strong>ata<br />

repens - see I. aquatica<br />

reptans - see I. aquatica<br />

sepiaria - see I. maxima<br />

s<strong>in</strong>dica - see Convolvulus s<strong>in</strong>dicus<br />

triloba L.<br />

tuba - see I. micrantha<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Violaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

SRI<br />

KAM<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

KAM,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IDO<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

BAN<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

KAM<br />

IND,PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

SRI<br />

PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

lsachne<br />

albens Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

australis - see I. himalaica<br />

ciliaris Boiv. ex A. Camus<br />

clarkei Hook. f.<br />

debilis Rendle<br />

dispar Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

elegans Dalz. ex Hook. f.<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

himalaica Hook. f.<br />

kunthiana (Wight & Arn. ex<br />

Steud.) Miq.<br />

meeboldii C.E.C. Fischer<br />

miliacea - see I. pulchella<br />

pangerangensis Zoll. & Mor.<br />

pauciflora Hack.<br />

pulchella Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

lschaemum<br />

aristatum - see I. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

barbatum Retz.<br />

ciliare - see I. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

imbricatum - see I. barbatum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedium - see I. polystachyum<br />

laxum - see Sehmia nervosum<br />

muticum L.<br />

pilosum (Kle<strong>in</strong> ex Willd.) Wight<br />

polystachyum PresI<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

santapaui Bor<br />

timorense Kunth<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 45<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND.MAL.<br />

SRI,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

SRI,VlE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,PHI<br />

MAL<br />

IND,PHI<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

BUR,IND,KAM,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

THA<br />

IND,LAO,VIE<br />

THA<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

BUR,IND<br />

MAL,SRI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,MAL

46 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

lseilema<br />

laxum Hack. Poaceae<br />

prostratum (L.) Anderss. Poaceae<br />

lsoetes<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>elianum L.f. lsoetaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica P. & S. lsoetaceae<br />

J acquemontia<br />

paniculata (Burm. f.) Hall. f. Convolvulaceae<br />

Juncellus<br />

laevigatus - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

laevigatus<br />

pygmaeus - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

pygmaeus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us Cyperaceae<br />

Juncus<br />

articulatus L. Juncaceae<br />

leschenaultii - see J. Juncaceae<br />

prismatocarpus<br />

prismatocarpus R. Br. Juncaceae<br />

sp.<br />

Jussiaea<br />

Juncaceae<br />

angustifolia - see Ludwigia<br />

octovalvis<br />

Onagraceae<br />

decurrens - see Ludwigia<br />

decurrens<br />

Onagraceae<br />

erecta - see Ludwigia erecta<br />

hyssopifolia - see Ludwigia<br />

hyssopifolia<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia Onagraceae<br />

perennis - see Ludwigia perennis Onagraceae<br />

prostrata - see Ludwigia prostrata Onagraceae<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens Onagraceae<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia<br />

octovalvis<br />

Onagraceae<br />

tenella - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia Onagraceae<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND,NEP<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PAK,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

NEP<br />

IDO<br />

BAN<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IDO,IND,THA<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

SRI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Justicia<br />

adhatoda L.<br />

diffusa Willd.<br />

gendarussa L.<br />

khasiana C.B. Clarke<br />

peploides - see J.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>queangularis<br />

procumbens L.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>queangularis Konig ex Roxb.<br />

simplex D. Don<br />

K osteletzkya<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

batacensis (Blanco) F. Vill. Malvaceae<br />

Kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

brevifolia - see Cyperus brevifolius Cyperaceae<br />

melanosperma - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

melanospermus<br />

monocephala - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

nemoralis - see Cyperus kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Cyperaceae<br />

t<strong>rice</strong>ps - see Cyperus t<strong>rice</strong>ps Cyperaceae<br />

L actuca<br />

runc<strong>in</strong>ata DC. Asteraceae<br />

Lagarosiphon<br />

roxburghii - see Necham<strong>and</strong>ra Hydrocharitaceae<br />

alternifolia<br />

Lagascea<br />

mollis Cav.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lagen<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

toxicaria Dalz.<br />

Araceae<br />

Laggera<br />

pterodonta - see L. purpurascens Asteraceae<br />

purpurascens Sch.-Bip. ex Hochst Asteraceae<br />

Lantana<br />

camara L.<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Laportea<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (L.) Chew<br />

Urticaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 47<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PAK<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND,PAK<br />

IND,NEP<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,MAL,<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

PHI

48 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Lasia<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa (L.) Thw.<br />

Lathyrus<br />

aphaca L.<br />

Launaea<br />

asplenifolia (DC.) Hook. f.<br />

Laurentia<br />

longiflora (L.) Peterm.<br />

Leersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

oryzoides (L.) Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Welw.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L.<br />

oligorrhiza (Hegelm.) Kurz<br />

paucicostata - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis<br />

perpusilla - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis<br />

polyrhiza - see Spirodela polyrhiza<br />

sp.<br />

tenera Kurz<br />

trisulca L.<br />

Leonurus<br />

sibiricus L.<br />

Lepidagathis<br />

cristata Willd.<br />

fasciculata Nees<br />

secunda (Blanco) Nees<br />

Lepironia<br />

articulata (Retz.) Dom<strong>in</strong><br />

Leptadenia<br />

reticulata Wight<br />

Leptocarpus<br />

disjunctus Mast.<br />

Araceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Campanulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asclepiadaceae<br />

Restionaceae<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI,SRI<br />

BAN,BRU,BUR,IDO,<br />

IND,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,PAK,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

MAL,PHI,THA<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,MAL<br />

LAO<br />

BUR,MAL<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,PHI<br />

BAN,PHI<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Leptochloa<br />

brownii C.E. Hubb.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray<br />

filiformis (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

neesii (Thw.) Benth.<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

panicoides - see Arund<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

leptochloa<br />

polystachya - see L. brownii<br />

sp.<br />

Leucas<br />

aspera (Willd.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

capitata Desf.<br />

cephalotes - see L. capitata<br />

Ciliata Benth.<br />

decemdentata (Willd.) J. Sm.<br />

javanica - see L. decemdentata<br />

lav<strong>and</strong>ulaefolium - see L. l<strong>in</strong>ifolia<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia (Roth) Spreng.<br />

Leucosyke<br />

capitellata (Poir.) Wedd.<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

cristatum - see Nymphoides<br />

cristata<br />

hydrophyllum Griseb.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Nymphoides <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Limnophila<br />

aquatica (Roxb.) Alston<br />

aromatica (Lam.) Merr.<br />

balsamea Benth.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osbeck.) Merr.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Urticaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 49<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PAK,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

PAK<br />

BAN,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,MAL,<br />

THA<br />

BUR,IDO,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,NEP,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,SRI<br />

VIE<br />

IND,LAO,SRI,VIE

50 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Limnophila (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

conferata - see L. repens<br />

erecta Benth.<br />

geoffrayi Bonati<br />

gratioloides - see L.<strong>in</strong>dica<br />

gratissima - see L. aromatica<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

hirsuta - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Druce<br />

laotica Bonati<br />

micrantha (Benth.) Benth.<br />

racemosa - see L. aquatica<br />

repens (Benth.) Benth.<br />

sessiliflora BI.<br />

villosa BI.<br />

Limnophyton<br />

obtusifolium (L.) Miq.<br />

Limnopoa<br />

meeboldii (Fischer) C.E. Hubb.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

angustifolia - see L. aragattis<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

aragattis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

cordifolia - see L. anagallis<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

hirta - see L. pusilla<br />

hookeri (C.B. Clarke) Wettst.<br />

hyssopioides (L.) Ha<strong>in</strong>es<br />

laotica Bonati<br />

multiflora (Roxb.) Mukerjee<br />

parviflora (Roxb.) Ha<strong>in</strong>es<br />

pedunculata Wettst.<br />

procumbens (Krock.) Philcox<br />

Family<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Country<br />

BAN,IND,KAM,SRI<br />

IDO,MAL<br />

LAO,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,LAO,MAL,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

LAO<br />

IND,PAK,THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IND,MAL<br />

IND,NEP<br />

BAN,IND,KAM,SRI<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI<br />

I DO<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,SRI,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,SRI,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,SRI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,SRI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI,SRI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,SRI<br />

LAO<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PAK,<br />

VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

pusilla (Willd.) Bold.<br />

pyxidaria - see L. procumbens<br />

rotundifolia (L.) Alston<br />

rualloides (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

tenuifolia (Colsm.) Alston<br />

urticaefolia (Hance) Bonati<br />

verbenaefolia - see L. antipoda<br />

viscosa (Hornem.) Bold.<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

argentea - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth<br />

Lippia<br />

alba N.E. Br. ex Brit.<br />

citriodora (Lam.) Kunth<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>ata Kunth<br />

javanica Spreng.<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

angulata Forst.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

griffithii Hook. f. & Thoms.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

trialata - see L. als<strong>in</strong>oides<br />

trigona - see L. als<strong>in</strong>oides<br />

zeylanica L.<br />

Lochnera<br />

pusilla - see Catharanthus pusillus<br />

Lolium<br />

temulentum L.<br />

Lophatherum<br />

gracile Brongn.<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Apocynaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 51<br />

BAN,IND,PHI,SRI<br />

IDO,PAK<br />

SRI<br />

lND<br />

BAN,IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,SRI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,NEP,THA,VIE<br />

KAM,LAO,VIE<br />

IDO,KAM,LAO,NEP,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND

52 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Lophotocarpus<br />

guyanensis - see Sagittaria<br />

guayensis<br />

Lotus<br />

corniculatus L.<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

decurrens Walt.<br />

erecta (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see L. hyssopifolia<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

parviflora - see L. perennis<br />

perennis L.<br />

peruviana (L.) Hara<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

Lycopodium<br />

cernuum L.<br />

Lygodium<br />

flexuosum (L.) Sw.<br />

japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.<br />

Lysimachia<br />

obovata Buch.-Ham.<br />

Lythrum<br />

salicaria L.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Family<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Lycopodiaceae<br />

Schizaceae<br />

Schizaceae<br />

Primulaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Country<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IND,PHI,SRI<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,PAK<br />

IDO,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Malachra<br />

capitata L.<br />

fasciata Jacq.<br />

Malvastrum<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>elianum (L.) Garcke<br />

Mapania<br />

cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus cyper<strong>in</strong>us<br />

cyperoides - see Cyperus<br />

cyperoides<br />

dilutus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

dregeanus Kunth<br />

flabelliformis - see Cyperus<br />

stenophyllus<br />

microcephalus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

stuppeus - see Cyperus javanicus<br />

Marsilea<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>eliana Burm.<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

erosus - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

rn<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

quadrifoliata - see M. quadrifolia<br />

Matricaria<br />

matricarioides - see Chamomilla<br />

suaveolens<br />

Mazus<br />

japonicus (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 53<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,THA<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

SRI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,PAK

54 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Mazus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

pumilus (Burm. f.) Steen.<br />

rugosus - see M. pumilus<br />

sp.<br />

Mecopus<br />

nidulans Benn.<br />

Medicago<br />

lupul<strong>in</strong>a L.<br />

Melampodium<br />

diffusum Cass.<br />

Melastoma<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e D. Don<br />

malabathricum L.<br />

polyanthum - see M. aff<strong>in</strong>e<br />

villosum Sims<br />

Melica<br />

bulbosa Geyer ex Port. & Coult.<br />

subulata (Griseb.) Scribn.<br />

Melilotus<br />

alba Desr.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) All.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

pyramidata L.<br />

Melothria<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Cogn.<br />

Mentha<br />

arvensis L.<br />

Merremia<br />

emarg<strong>in</strong>ata (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

gemella (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

peltata (L.) Merr.<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND,VIE<br />

NEP<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

BRU,IDO,IND<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

BAN,IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

MAL,NEP,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

MAL,NEP,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

LAO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,KAM,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Merremia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

tridentata - see Xenostegia<br />

tridentata<br />

umbellata (L.) Hall. f.<br />

vitifolia (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Mesona<br />

palustris BI.<br />

Microcarpaea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (Koen. ex Retz.) Merr.<br />

Microchloa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.f.) Beauv.<br />

Microcystis<br />

sp.<br />

Microstegium<br />

ciliatum (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) A. Camus<br />

vagans (Nees ex Steud.)<br />

A. Camus<br />

vim<strong>in</strong>eum (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) A. Camus<br />

Mikania<br />

cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

micrantha Kunth<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens - see M. cordata<br />

Mimosa<br />

<strong>in</strong>visa Mart. ex Colla<br />

pigra L.<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mimulus<br />

orbicularis Wall.<br />

Mirabilis<br />

jalapa L.<br />

Miscanthus<br />

floridulus (Labill.) Warb. ex<br />

K. Schum.<br />

Mitracarpus<br />

villosus (Sw.) DC.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Chroococcaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 55<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,PHI,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,MAL,SRI<br />

IND<br />

NEP<br />

NEP<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

MAL,NEP,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

IDO,SRI,THA

56 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Mitrasacme<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides R. Br.<br />

Mnesithea<br />

laevis (Retz.) Kunth<br />

Moghania<br />

strobilifera - see Flem<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

strobilifera<br />

Mollugo<br />

cerviana (L.) Ser.<br />

hirta - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us lotoides<br />

lotoides - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us lotoides<br />

oppositifolia - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

oppositifolius<br />

pentaphylla L.<br />

spergula - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us oppositifolius<br />

stricta - see M. pentaphylla<br />

verticillata - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

oppositifolius<br />

Moniera<br />

cuneifolia - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Monochoria<br />

cyanea F. Muell.<br />

elata - see M. hastata var. elata<br />

hastaefolia - see M. hastata<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

hastata (L.) Solms var. elata<br />

(Ridl.)Back.<br />

ovata - see M. vag<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) PresI<br />

Mor<strong>in</strong>da<br />

persicaefolia Buch.-Ham.<br />

Muhlenbergia<br />

huegelii Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Loganiaceae BAN,IND<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

LAO<br />

IND,NEP<br />

VIE<br />

MAL,VIE<br />

BUR,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

MAL,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BRU,BUR,IDO,<br />

IND,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,PAK,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Murdannia<br />

blumei (Hassk.) Brenan<br />

keisak (Hassk.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Mass.<br />

malabarica - see M. nudiflora<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>ata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

versicolor (Dalz.) Bruckn.<br />

Mussaenda<br />

erythrophylla Schum. & Thonn.<br />

Myosotis<br />

caespitosa Schultz<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

alternifolium DC.<br />

aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.<br />

brasiliense - see M. aquaticum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum Willd.<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedium - see M. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

spicatum L.<br />

tetr<strong>and</strong>rum Roxb.<br />

tuberculatum Roxb.<br />

N ajas<br />

falciculata - see N. <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

foveolata - see N. <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Cham.<br />

malesiana De Wilde<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or All.<br />

Nasturtium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Rorippa <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>ale R. Br.<br />

Necham<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

alternifolia (Roxb.) Thw.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 57<br />

BAN,IDO<br />

IDO,IND,MAL<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BRU,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,KAM<br />

IDO,KAM<br />

BAN,IND,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,PHI,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,PHI,VIE<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,NEP<br />

BAN,IND,VIE

58 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Nelsonia<br />

campestris R. Br.<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Nelumbium<br />

nelumbo (L.) Druce<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

speciosum - see Nelumbo nucifera Nelumbonaceae<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

sp.<br />

Neptunia<br />

oleracea Lour.<br />

Nesaea<br />

brevipes (Wight & Arn.) Koehne<br />

Neyraudia<br />

reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex<br />

Hitchc.<br />

Nic<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

physalodes (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Nitella<br />

sp.<br />

Nostoc<br />

carneum Ag. ex Born. & Flah.<br />

ellipsosporum (Desm.) Rabenh. ex<br />

Born. & Flah.<br />

sp.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

alba L.<br />

cyanea Roxb.<br />

lotus L.<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

pubescens Willd.<br />

rubra Roxb. ex Salisb.<br />

stellata - see N. nouchali<br />

Nymphoides<br />

cristata (Roxb.) O.K.<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

NEP<br />

IND,KAM,LAO,MAL<br />

BAN,IND<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

NEP<br />

NEP<br />

IND<br />

IND,KAM,MAL,PAK,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

MAL,PAK,THA<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,KAM,MAL,<br />

PAK,THA<br />

IND,NEP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Nymphoides (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

hastata (Dop) Kerr<br />

humboldtianum (Kunth) Hoehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

macrospermum Vasudevan<br />

parviflora (Wall.) O.K.<br />

peltatum (Gmel.) Britten & Rendle<br />

O chthochloa<br />

compressa (Forssk.) Hilu<br />

Ocimum<br />

americanum L.<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oenanthe<br />

benghalensis - see O. javanica<br />

javanica (BI.) DC.<br />

stolonifera - see O. javanica<br />

Oenothera<br />

drummondii Hook. f.<br />

rosea L’Her. ex Ait.<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

aspera DC.<br />

biflora - see Hedyotis racemosa<br />

corymbosa - see Hedyotis<br />

corymbosa<br />

dichotoma H.K. f.<br />

diffusa - see Hedyotis diffusa<br />

fruticosa - see Hedyotis fruticosa<br />

herbacea - see Hedyotis herbacea<br />

heynei Br.<br />

nudicaulis Roth<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis DC.<br />

paniculata - see Hedyotis<br />

paniculata<br />

umbellata - see Hedyotis<br />

umbellata<br />

Opercul<strong>in</strong>a<br />

turpethum (L.) Manso<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 59<br />

THA<br />

MAL<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,NEP,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

PAK<br />

SRI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL,THA,VIE<br />

IND,MAL,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

PHI

60 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Ophiuros<br />

exaltus (L.) O.K.<br />

monostachyus - see<br />

Thaumastochloa coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Oplismenus<br />

burmanii (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

compositus (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Oryza<br />

barthii A. Chev.<br />

breviligulata - see O. barthii<br />

coll<strong>in</strong>a - see O. offic<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

latifolia Desv.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis Wall. ex Watt<br />

perennis (annual) - see O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

perennis (perennial) - see O.<br />

rufipogon<br />

ridleyi Hook. f.<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

sativa var. fatua - see O. nivara,<br />

O. rufipogon, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

spontanea - see O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,IND,VIE<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

MAL,NEP,PAK,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

MAL,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

MAL,NEP,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BUR,IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

MAL,NEP,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PAK,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Osbeckia<br />

capitata Benth.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis L.<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis L.<br />

cr<strong>in</strong>ita Benth.<br />

glauca Naud.<br />

nepalensis Hook. f.<br />

rostrata D. Don<br />

Oscillatoria<br />

sp.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

japonica - see O. alismoides<br />

lanceolata (Gagnep.) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Oxalis<br />

acetosella L.<br />

barrelieri L.<br />

corniculata L.<br />

corymbosa DC.<br />

europaea Jord.<br />

latifolia Kunth<br />

repens - see O. corniculata<br />

sp.<br />

P aederia<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens (Lour.) Merr.<br />

tomentosa Bl.<br />

Panicum<br />

amplexicaule - see Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma<br />

antidotale Retz.<br />

atrosangu<strong>in</strong>eum Hochst. ex A.<br />

Rich.<br />

auritum Presl ex Nees<br />

austroasiaticum - see P. walense<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Oscillatoriaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 61<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

KAM<br />

THA<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PAK,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,MAL<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

NEP<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

IND,VIE

62 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Panicum (Cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

bisulcatum Thunb.<br />

brevifolium L.<br />

cambogiense Balansa<br />

capillare L.<br />

car<strong>in</strong>atum - see Cyrtococcum<br />

patens<br />

cl<strong>and</strong>est<strong>in</strong>um L.<br />

colonum - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa colona<br />

crus-galli - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

crus-galli<br />

dichotomiflorum (L.) Michx.<br />

distachyon - see Brachiaria<br />

distachya<br />

fasciculatum Sw.<br />

flavidum - see Paspalidium<br />

flavidum<br />

fluitans - see Paspalidium<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum<br />

humile - see P. walense<br />

<strong>in</strong>comtum Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Sacciolepis <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

<strong>in</strong>terruptum - see Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta<br />

isachne - see Brachiaria<br />

eruciformis<br />

javanicum - see Urochloa<br />

panicoides<br />

lutescens - see Pennisetum<br />

glaucum<br />

luzonense - see P. cambogiense<br />

maximum Jacq.<br />

miliaceum L.<br />

miliare - see P. antidotale<br />

montanum - see P. notatum<br />

myurus - see Sacciolepis myurus<br />

nodosum - see Ottochloa nodosa<br />

notatum Retz.<br />

palmifolium - see Setaria palmifolia<br />

paludosum Roxb.<br />

paspaloides - see Paspalidium<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

VIE<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND,KAM,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,PHI<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

BUR,PHI<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

KAM,THA<br />

IND.MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND,THA<br />

MAL,PHI<br />

THA,VIE<br />

I DO<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Panicum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

patens - see Cyrtococcum patens<br />

proliferum Rank<br />

psilopodium Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

punctatum - see Paspalidium<br />

punctatum<br />

purpurascens - see Brachiaria<br />

mutica<br />

ramosum - see Brachiaria ramosa<br />

repens L.<br />

reptans - see Brachiaria reptans<br />

rugosum - see P. verrucosum<br />

sarmentosum Roxb.<br />

sp.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>um - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a<br />

texanum Buckl.<br />

trichoides Sw.<br />

trigonum - see Cyrtococcum<br />

trigonum<br />

trypheron Schult.<br />

verrucosum Muhl.<br />

walense Mez<br />

Parapholis<br />

<strong>in</strong>curva (L.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Parosela<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa (Blanco) Merr.<br />

Parthenium<br />

hysterophorus L.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

punctatum (Burm.) A. Camus<br />

scrobiculatum - see Paspalum<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

Paspalurn<br />

cartilag<strong>in</strong>eum - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 63<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

Poaceae IDO,IND,PHI<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BRU,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,MAL<br />

PA K<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

LAO,VIE<br />

MAL<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL,VIE<br />

BAN<br />

PHI<br />

IND,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,NEP,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO

64 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Paspalum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

commersonii - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

distichum L.<br />

fasciculatum Willd. ex Fluegge<br />

flavidum - see Paspalidium<br />

flavidum<br />

longiflorum - see Digitaria<br />

longiflora<br />

longifolium Roxb.<br />

metzii - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

notatum Fluegge<br />

orbiculare - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

paspalodes - see P. distichum<br />

platycoleum - see P. longifolium<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>ale - see Digitaria<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

thunbergii Kunth ex Steud.<br />

urvillei Steud.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Passiflora<br />

foetida L.<br />

Pastrilichum<br />

punctulum (Burm.) A. Camus<br />

Pavonia<br />

sidaefolia Kunth<br />

Pedalium<br />

murex L.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

flaccidum Griseb.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Passifloraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Pedaliaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,SRI<br />

BRU,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI<br />

BHU,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI,THA<br />

I DO<br />

IND,NEP,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,PAK,PHI<br />

IDO,MAL<br />

BUR,IDO,IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PAK,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,VIE<br />

IDO,LAO,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Pennisetum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

orientale Rich.<br />

pedicellatum Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

polystachion (L.) Schult.<br />

purpureum K. Schum.<br />

typhoides - see P. glaucum<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Peperomia<br />

pellucida (L.) Kunth<br />

Perotis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Phalaris<br />

arund<strong>in</strong>acea L.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium<br />

lathryroides<br />

ricciard<strong>in</strong>us - see Vigna umbellata<br />

trilobus - see Vigna trilobata<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol.<br />

Phleum<br />

paniculatum Huds.<br />

Phormidium<br />

sp.<br />

Phragmites<br />

australis (Cav.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

communis - see P. australis<br />

karka (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

vulgaris - see P. australis<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

amarus Schum. & Thonn.<br />

asperulatus - see P. fraternus<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Piperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Philydraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oscillatoriaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 65<br />

BAN,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

IDO,PHI,THA<br />

IDO,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,MAL,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,PAK<br />

BUR,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

LAO,PHI,THA<br />

LAO,PHI,THA<br />

IND,THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,SRI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IND

66 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Phyllanthus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

debilis Herb. Ham. ex Wall.<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

maderaspatensis L.<br />

niruri - see P. fraternus<br />

simplex - see P. virgatus<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L.<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Physalis<br />

angulata L.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

peruviana L.<br />

Piper<br />

loheri (L.) DC.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Pithophora<br />

sp.<br />

Plantago<br />

lanceolata L.<br />

major L.<br />

Plectranthus<br />

hispidus Benth.<br />

japonicus (Thunb.) Koidz.<br />

Pluchea<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Less.<br />

tomentosa Less.<br />

Plumbago<br />

zeylanica L.<br />

Poa<br />

angustifolia - see P. pratensis<br />

annua L.<br />

pratensis L.<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Piperaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Cladophoraceae<br />

Plantag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Plantag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Plumbag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

IDO,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,THA<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,THA<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Pogonatherum<br />

cr<strong>in</strong>itum (Thunb.) Kunth<br />

Pogostemon<br />

auricularius (L.) Hassk.<br />

brachystachys Benth.<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Polanisia<br />

icos<strong>and</strong>ra - see Cleome viscosa<br />

viscosa - see Cleome viscosa<br />

Polycarpea<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

Polycarpon<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see P. prostratum<br />

loefl<strong>in</strong>giae - see P. prostratum<br />

prostratum Pax.<br />

Polygala<br />

arvensis Willd.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis - see P. arvensis<br />

glomerata Lour.<br />

paniculata L.<br />

Polygonum<br />

alatum - see P. nepalense<br />

amphibium L.<br />

barbatum L.<br />

caespitosum BI.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ense L.<br />

donii Meissn.<br />

flaccidum Meissn.<br />

glabrum Willd.<br />

glomerata Lour.<br />

hydropiper L.<br />

lapathifolium L.<br />

limbatum Meissn.<br />

rnicrocephalum D. Don<br />

m<strong>in</strong>us Huds.<br />

nepalense Meissn.<br />

orientale L.<br />

persicaria L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 67<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,NEP,THA<br />

BAN,IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

NEP<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,THA<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,IND,VIE<br />

BAN,IND,VIE

68 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Polygonum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

plebeium R. Br.<br />

posumbu Ham.<br />

praetermissum Hook. f.<br />

pubescens BI.<br />

pulchrum - see P. tomentosum<br />

scabrum - see P. lapathifolium<br />

serrulatum Lag.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>um Ham. ex Meissn.<br />

tomentosum Willd.<br />

viscosum Ham.<br />

Polypogon<br />

fugax Nees ex Steud.<br />

higagaweri - see P. fugax<br />

monospeliensis (L.) Desf.<br />

Polytoca<br />

barbata - see Chionachne koenigii<br />

Polytrias<br />

amaura (Buse) O.K.<br />

Pontederia<br />

sp.<br />

Porophyllum<br />

ruderale (Jacq.) Cass.<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

pilosa L.<br />

quadrifida L.<br />

Potamogeton<br />

crispus L.<br />

dist<strong>in</strong>ctus A. Benn.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus - see P. nodosus<br />

malaianus - see P. mucronatus<br />

miduhikimo Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

mucronatus Presl<br />

nodosus Poir.<br />

oblongus Viv.<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>rus Poir.<br />

pect<strong>in</strong>atus L.<br />

perfoliatus L.<br />

perversus A. Benn.<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

BAN,IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,LAO,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

NEP<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

BAN<br />

I DO<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

Potamogetonaceae BAN,IND<br />

Potamogetonaceae IND<br />

Potamogetonaceae IND<br />

Potamogetonaceae THA<br />

Potamogetonaceae IND<br />

Potamogetonaceae THA<br />

Potamogetonaceae IND<br />

Potamogetonaceae THA<br />

Potamogetonaceae IND,PAK<br />

Potamogetonaceae IND<br />

Potamogetonaceae IND<br />

Potamogetonaceae IND,PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Potamogeton (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

polygonifolius - see P. oblongus<br />

sp.<br />

Potentilla<br />

kle<strong>in</strong>iana Wight & Arn.<br />

mooniana Wight<br />

wallichiana - see P. kle<strong>in</strong>iana<br />

Pouzolzia<br />

bennettiana Wight<br />

zeylanica (L.) Benn.<br />

Pratia<br />

begonifolia L<strong>in</strong>dl<br />

Prunella<br />

vulgaris L.<br />

Pseudarthria<br />

viscida (L.) Wight & Arn.<br />

Pseudech<strong>in</strong>oclaena<br />

polystachya (Kunth) Stapf<br />

Pseudelephantopus<br />

spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F.<br />

Baker<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

brunoniana Griff.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickery<br />

Psilotrichum<br />

fenug<strong>in</strong>eum (Roxb.) Moq.<br />

Psoralea<br />

corylifolia L.<br />

Pteridium<br />

aquil<strong>in</strong>um (L.) Kuhn<br />

Pteris<br />

biaurita L.<br />

lunulata Retz.<br />

Pueraria<br />

lobata (Willd.) Ohwi<br />

phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.<br />

thunbergiana - see P. lobata<br />

triloba - see P. lobata<br />

Potamogetonaceae THA<br />

Potamogetonaceae NEP<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Urticaceae<br />

Urticaceae<br />

Campanulaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Dennstaedtiaceae<br />

Pteridaceae<br />

Pteridaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 69<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI

70 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Pupalia<br />

lappacea (L.) Juss.<br />

Pycreus<br />

baccha - see Cyperus procerus<br />

capillaris - see Cyperus flavidus<br />

eragrostis - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

globosus - see Cyperus flavidus<br />

macrostachyos - see Cyperus<br />

macrostachyos<br />

nitens - see Cyperus pumilis<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus<br />

polystachyos<br />

pumilus - see Cyperus pumilus<br />

puncticulatus - see Cyperus<br />

procerus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

stram<strong>in</strong>eus - see Cyperus<br />

substram<strong>in</strong>eus<br />

R anunculus<br />

sceleratus L.<br />

sp.<br />

trichophyllus Chaix<br />

Rhynchelytrum<br />

repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

roseum - see R. repens<br />

Rhynchospora<br />

aurea - see R. corymbosa<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

longisetis R. Br.<br />

rubra (Lour.) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

submarg<strong>in</strong>ata Kuk.<br />

wightiana (Nees) Steud.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

PHI<br />

KAM<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND,SRI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

NEP<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,MAL,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

THA<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,SRI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Ricciocarpus<br />

natans (L.) Corda<br />

Richardia<br />

brasiliensis (Moq.) Gomez<br />

scabra L.<br />

Richardsonia<br />

brasiliensis - see Richardia<br />

brasiliensis<br />

pilosa Kunth<br />

Ric<strong>in</strong>us<br />

communis L.<br />

Rikliella<br />

squarrosa - see Scirpus<br />

squarrosus<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

nasturtium-aquaticum - see<br />

Nasturtium offic<strong>in</strong>ale<br />

Rostellularia<br />

chiengmaiensis Brem.<br />

sundana Brem.<br />

Rotala<br />

baccifera - see Ammannia<br />

baccifera<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.)<br />

B. van Leeuwen<br />

densiflora (Roth) Koehne<br />

diversifolia Koehne<br />

fimbriata Wight<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

leptopetala - see R. rosea<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

Riccicaceae PHI<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 71<br />

IDO<br />

BUR,IDO<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IDO<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IDO,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IND,LAO,PAK,<br />

SRI,VIE<br />

LAO,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE

72 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Rotala (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Blatt. & Hallb.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook<br />

rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D.<br />

Clayton<br />

compressa - see Hemarthria<br />

compressa<br />

exaltata - see R. coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Rubia<br />

cordifolia L.<br />

Rubus<br />

moluccanus - see R.<br />

p<strong>in</strong>natisepalus<br />

p<strong>in</strong>natisepalus Hemsl.<br />

Ruellia<br />

tuberosa L.<br />

Rumex<br />

crispus L.<br />

dentatus L.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

nepalensis Spreng.<br />

Rungia<br />

angustifolia Brem.<br />

parviflora Nees<br />

pect<strong>in</strong>ata (L.) Nees<br />

repens (L.) Nees<br />

Ruppia<br />

maritima L.<br />

S accharum<br />

arund<strong>in</strong>aceum Retz.<br />

bengalense Retz.<br />

munja - see S. bengalense<br />

procerum Roxb.<br />

sp.<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI,VIE<br />

BAN,IND,LAO,NEP,<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

NEP<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND,VIE<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

Potamogetonaceae IDO,IND,MAL<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IDO

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Saccharum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

spontaneum L.<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

angusta - see S. <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

<strong>in</strong>sulicola - see Panicum auritum<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (Willd.) Stapf<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

myurus (Lam.) A. Chase<br />

polymorpha (Balansa) A. Camus<br />

Sagittaria<br />

ag<strong>in</strong>ashi Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Sm.<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salmonia<br />

cantoniensis Lour.<br />

oblongifolia DC.<br />

Salvia<br />

plebeia R. Br.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

auriculata - see S. rnolesta<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 73<br />

Poaceae IND,LAO,NEP,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

SRI,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

LAO,MAL,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IND,MAL,THA,VIE<br />

VI E<br />

THA<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

BUR,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

VI E<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA

74 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

natans (L.) All.<br />

sp.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Sarcostemma<br />

secamone (L.) Bennet Asclepiadaceae<br />

Schoenoplectus<br />

articulatus - see Scirpus articulatus Cyperaceae<br />

corymbosus (Roth ex Roem. & Cyperaceae<br />

Schult.) J. Raynal<br />

juncoides - see Scirpus juncoides Cyperaceae<br />

lateriflorus - see Scirpus lateriflorus Cyperaceae<br />

roylei (Nees) Lye Cyperaceae<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us - see Scirpus sup<strong>in</strong>us Cyperaceae<br />

Scirpodendron<br />

ghaeri (Gaertn.) Merr.<br />

Scirpus<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

acutus Muhl. Cyperaceae<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>is - see S. maritimus Cyperaceae<br />

articulatus L. Cyperaceae<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris Cyperaceae<br />

dubius - see Eleocharis dulcis Cyperaceae<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides Cyperaceae<br />

grossus L.f. Cyperaceae<br />

hotarui - see S. juncoides Cyperaceae<br />

juncoides Roxb. Cyperaceae<br />

lacustris L.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

litoralis Schrad.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL<br />

NEP<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

SRI<br />

I DO<br />

BAN<br />

IND,PAK<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,KAM,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,SRI<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IND,PAK<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Scirpus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

michelianus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

oryzetorium - see S. lateriflorus<br />

pauciflorus - see Eleocharis<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>queflora<br />

roylei (Nees) Parker<br />

squarrosus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

triqueter - see S. lacustris<br />

tuberosus - see Eleocharis dulcis<br />

wallichii Nees<br />

Sclerachne<br />

punctata R. Br.<br />

Scleria<br />

bancana Miq.<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

multifoliata - see S. purpurascens<br />

novae-holl<strong>and</strong>iae Boeck.<br />

oblata S.T. Blake<br />

oryzoides - see S. poaeformis<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

pterota Presl<br />

purpurascens Steud.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

scrobiculata Nees & Mey. ex Nees<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 75<br />

BAN,IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND,PAK<br />

IND,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IND,PAK<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,THA<br />

VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

KAM<br />

IND,PHI<br />

VIE<br />

MAL,SRI,THA<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,SRI,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,KAM<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI

76 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Scleria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

zeylanica - see S. levis<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Scutellaria<br />

discolor Colebr.<br />

galericulata L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Secamone<br />

emetica F. Muell.<br />

Sehima<br />

nervosum (Rottl.) Stapf<br />

Selag<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

decipens Warb.<br />

Senecio<br />

chrysanthemoides DC.<br />

Senna<br />

alata (L.) Roxb.<br />

hirsuta (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

occidentalis (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Sericocalyx<br />

glaucescens (Nees) Brem.<br />

Sesbania<br />

aculeata - see S. bisp<strong>in</strong>osa<br />

bisp<strong>in</strong>osa (Jacq.) Wight<br />

cannab<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) Poir.<br />

exaltata (Raf.) Cory<br />

javanica Miq.<br />

paludosa - see S. javanica<br />

procumbens (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.<br />

roxburghii - see S. javanica<br />

sesban (L.) Merr.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Asclepiadaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Selag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BUR,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

THA<br />

BAN,IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

BAN,IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

THA<br />

BAN,IND,KAM<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Sesbania (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sp.<br />

speciosa Taub.<br />

Seseli<br />

diffusum (Roxb. ex Sm.)<br />

Santapu & Wagh<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica Wight & Arn.<br />

Sesuvium<br />

portulacastrum (L.) L.<br />

Setaria<br />

aurea Hochst.<br />

barbata (Lam.) Kunth<br />

geniculata (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

glauca - see Pennisetum glaucum<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedia Roem. & Schult.<br />

italica (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

laxa Merr.<br />

lutescens - see Pennisetum<br />

glaucum<br />

pallide-fusca - see S. pumila<br />

palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

rhachitricha (Hochst.) Rendle<br />

verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

viridis (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

alba L.<br />

carp<strong>in</strong>ifolia L.f.<br />

cordifolia L.<br />

javensis Cav.<br />

retusa - see S. rhombifolia<br />

rhombifolia L.<br />

rhomboidea Roxb.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa - see S. alba<br />

veronicaefolia - see S. javensis<br />

Siegesbeckia<br />

orientalis L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 77<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

KAM,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

VI E<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

BAN,IND,NEP,PHI,<br />

SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

BAN<br />

SRI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,NEP,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

BAN,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

BAN,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

IND,THA,VIE

78 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Sium<br />

latijugum Clarke<br />

Smithia<br />

conferata Sm.<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>iflora Roth<br />

sensitiva Ait.<br />

Solanum<br />

carol<strong>in</strong>ense L.<br />

cum<strong>in</strong>gii Dumal<br />

khasianum C.B.Clarke<br />

myriacanthum Dunn<br />

nigrum L.<br />

rostratum Dun.<br />

sisymbriifolium Lam.<br />

torvum L.<br />

xanthocarpum Schrad. & W<strong>in</strong>dl.<br />

Sonchus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

asper (L.) Hill<br />

oleraceus L.<br />

Sopubia<br />

delph<strong>in</strong>ifolia Don<br />

Sorghum<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e - see S. prop<strong>in</strong>quum<br />

bicolor (L.) Moench<br />

halepense (L.) Pers.<br />

prop<strong>in</strong>quum (Kunth) Hitch.<br />

sp.<br />

Sparganium<br />

ramosum Curt.<br />

Sparganophorus<br />

vaillantii - see Struchium<br />

sparganophorum<br />

Spermacoce<br />

hispida - see Borreria articularis<br />

latifolia - see Borreria alata<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

Apiaceae IND<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceace<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sparganiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,THA<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,THA<br />

IDO<br />

IND,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

VIE<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

MAL,SRI<br />

IND,VIE<br />

SRI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,NEP,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Sphaeranthus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

mollis Roxb.<br />

senegalensis DC.<br />

Sphaeromariscus<br />

microcephalus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spigelia<br />

anthelmia L.<br />

Spilanthes<br />

acmella - see S. iabadicensis<br />

calva DC.<br />

iabadicensis A.H. Moore<br />

paniculata Wall. ex DC.<br />

Spiranthes<br />

s<strong>in</strong>ensis (Pers.) Ames<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

sp.<br />

Spirogyra<br />

longata (Vaucher) Kuetz.<br />

sp.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

africanus (Poir.) Rob. &, Tourn.<br />

berteroanus - see S. poiretti<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>elianus (Retz.) Kunth<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

humilis Presl<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus - see S. africanus<br />

poiretti (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc.<br />

sp.<br />

tremulus (Willd.) Kunth<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Loganiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Orchidaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Zygnemataceae<br />

Zygnemataceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 79<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

VI E<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

I DO<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

IDO,SRI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

IDO,IND,SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,NEP,<br />

PAK,PHI,THA<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

BAN,PHI,SRI<br />

IND,PHI,SRI<br />

IDO<br />

BUR,IND<br />

BAN,BUR,IND,MAL,<br />

NEP,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

IND,PHI,SRI<br />

IDO<br />

THA<br />

BAN,BUR,IND

80 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Family Country<br />

Stachytarpheta<br />

dichotoma Vahl Verbenaceae IND<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Vahl Verbenaceae IDO,IND,THA<br />

jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Verbenaceae IDO,PHI<br />

Staurogyne<br />

glut<strong>in</strong>osa (CI.) O.K.<br />

Stellaria<br />

Acanthaceae BAN,IND<br />

als<strong>in</strong>e Grimm Caryophyllaceae IND<br />

longissima Wall. Caryophyllaceae IND<br />

ulig<strong>in</strong>osa - see S. als<strong>in</strong>e Caryophyllaceae IND<br />

Stemodia<br />

verticillata (Mill.) Bold. Scrophulariaceae IDO<br />

viscosa Roxb. Scrophulariaceae IND<br />

Stenochlaena<br />

palustris (Burm.) Bedd. Blechnaceae IDO<br />

Striga<br />

angustifolia (D.Don) Saldanha Scrophulariaceae IND<br />

asiatica (L.) O.K. Scrophulariaceae IDO,IND<br />

densiflora Benth.<br />

euphrasioides - see S. angustifolia<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

lutea - see S. asiatica Scrophulariaceae IDO,IND<br />

Struchium<br />

sparganophorum (L.) O.K.<br />

Stylidium<br />

Asteraceae MAL,SRI,VIE<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides R. Br. Stylldaceae IDO,IND,PHI<br />

kunthii Wall. ex DC. Stylidaceae IND,THA<br />

tenellum Sw.<br />

Stylosanthes<br />

Stylidaceae IDO,IND,MAL,VIE<br />

humilis Kunth Fabaceae (P) IDO,IND<br />

sundaica - see S. humills Fabaceae (P) IDO,IND<br />

Suaeda<br />

maritima (L.) Dum. Chenopodiaceae IDO<br />

Sutera<br />

dissecta - see S. gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa Scrophulariaceae IND<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa Roth Scrophulariaceae IND<br />

Swertia<br />

cordata Wall. Gentianaceae IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Synedrella<br />

nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.<br />

T agetes<br />

erecta L.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

patula L.<br />

Tal<strong>in</strong>um<br />

triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.<br />

Taraxacum<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>ale Wiggers<br />

Tenagocharis<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch.<br />

Tephrosia<br />

dichotoma - see T. pumila<br />

hamiltonii - see T. purpurea<br />

pumila (Lam.) Pers.<br />

purpurea (L.) Pers.<br />

Teramnus<br />

labialls (L.f.) Spreng.<br />

Thaumastochloa<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) C.E.<br />

Hubb.<br />

Thelepogon<br />

elegans Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Themeda<br />

gigantea (Cav.) Hack.<br />

quadrivalis (L.) O.K.<br />

sp.<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Forssk.<br />

villosa (Poir.) A. Camus<br />

Thlaspi<br />

arvense L.<br />

Thoracostachyum<br />

sumatranurn (Miq.) Kurz<br />

Thysanolaena<br />

maxima (Roxb.) O.K.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 81<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

NEP,THA<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

PHI<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,THA

82 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Tithonia<br />

diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray<br />

Torenia<br />

concolor L<strong>in</strong>dl.<br />

crustacea - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

crustacea<br />

diffusa - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia anagallis<br />

fournieri L<strong>in</strong>den ex Fourn.<br />

parviflora Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.<br />

polygonoides Benth.<br />

violacea (Azaola ex Blanco)<br />

Pennell<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

ferax - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trachys<br />

muricata (L.) Pers.<br />

Trapa<br />

bisp<strong>in</strong>osa Roxb.<br />

Trianthema<br />

monogyna - see T. portulacastrum<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Tribulus<br />

terrestris L.<br />

Trichodesma<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (L.) R. Br.<br />

zeylanicum (Burm. f.) R. Br.<br />

Tridax<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Trifolium<br />

pratense L.<br />

repens L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Trapaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Zygophyllaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,NEP,PAK,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PAK<br />

BUR,IND,NEP,PAK,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Tristachya<br />

leucothrix Nees<br />

Triumfetta<br />

annua L.<br />

bartramia - see T. rhomboidea<br />

graveolens BI.<br />

lappula L.<br />

rhomboidea Jacq.<br />

rotundifolia Lam.<br />

semitriloba Jacq.<br />

Typha<br />

angustata - see T. angustifolla<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

elephant<strong>in</strong>a Roxb.<br />

latifolia L.<br />

Typhonium<br />

divaricatum (L.) Decne<br />

flagelliforme.- see T. divaricatum<br />

trilobatum (L.) Schott<br />

U raria<br />

lagopodoides (L.) Desv. ex DC.<br />

Urena<br />

lobata L.<br />

Urochloa<br />

helopus - see U. panicoides<br />

panicoides P. Beauv.<br />

Utricularia<br />

alb<strong>in</strong>a - see U. caerulea<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

baouleensis A. Chev.<br />

bifida L.<br />

caerulea L.<br />

exoleta R. Br.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 83<br />

BUR<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

IDO<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA<br />

BUR<br />

PHI<br />

IND,NEP<br />

IDO,IND,KAM,LAO,<br />

MAL,NEP,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND,PAK,PHl<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,PHI,THA<br />

IDO,THA<br />

lDO,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,VIE<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,NEP,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI,THA<br />

BAN,BUR,IDO,IND,<br />

KAM,LAO,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

MAL<br />

IND,KAM,NEP

84 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Utricularia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

gibba L.<br />

hirta Kle<strong>in</strong> ex L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

<strong>in</strong>flexa - see U. muelleri<br />

m<strong>in</strong>utissima Vahl<br />

muelleri Kamienski<br />

odorata Pellegr.<br />

pilosa (Mak<strong>in</strong>o) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

punctata Wall. ex A. DC.<br />

reticulata Smith<br />

stellaris L.f.<br />

ulig<strong>in</strong>osa Vahl<br />

V ahlia<br />

digyna (Retz.) O.K.<br />

Vallisneria<br />

spiralis L.<br />

verticillata - see Hydrilla verticillata<br />

V<strong>and</strong>ellia<br />

anagallis - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia anagallis<br />

angustifolia - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis<br />

crustacea (L.) Benth.<br />

elata Benth.<br />

pedunculata Benth.<br />

sessiliflora Benth.<br />

Vaucheria<br />

sp.<br />

Verbena<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis L.<br />

Vernonia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis - see V. patula<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

divergens (DC.) Edgew.<br />

patula (Dry<strong>and</strong>.) Merr.<br />

Veronica<br />

anagallis-aquatica L.<br />

beccabunga L.<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Saxifragaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Vaucheriaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,NEP,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

KAM<br />

IDO,MAL<br />

VIE<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,NEP,PAK<br />

SRI<br />

NEP<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

MAL<br />

IND,MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Veronica (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

bilboa L.<br />

secunda Pennell<br />

Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides (L.) Nash<br />

Vicia<br />

hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray<br />

sativa L.<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Vicoa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Vigna<br />

trilobata (L.) Verdc.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi Fabaceae (P)<br />

Villarsia<br />

rhomboidalis Dop<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Vitex<br />

sp.<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Vitis<br />

repens Wight & Arn.<br />

Vitaceae<br />

Volvulopsis<br />

nummularia (L.) Roberty<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Vossia<br />

cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff.<br />

Poaceae<br />

W ahlenbergia<br />

gracilis - see W. marg<strong>in</strong>ata Campanulaceae<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata (Thunb.) DC.<br />

Campanulaceae<br />

Waltheria<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Wedelia<br />

biflora (L.) DC.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Wolffia<br />

arrhiza (L.) Wimm.<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

globosa (Roxb.) Hartog & Plas Lemnaceae<br />

microscopia Kurz<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

sp.<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

SOUTHEAST ASIA 85<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,KAM,PHI,<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PAK<br />

IND<br />

KAM<br />

VI E<br />

LAO<br />

IND,NEP<br />

BAN,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND,MAL,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

NEP,VIE

86 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

X anthium<br />

Family Country<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum Roxb.<br />

Asteraceae BAN<br />

strumarium L.<br />

Xenostegia<br />

Asteraceae BUR,IND,THA<br />

tridentata (L.) Aust<strong>in</strong> & Staples<br />

Xyris<br />

Convolvulaceae IND,PHI<br />

capensis Thunb.<br />

Xyridaceae IDO,IND,THA<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Xyridaceae BAN,IND,IDO,KAM,<br />

LAO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

pauciflora Willd.<br />

Xyridaceae BAN<br />

schoenoides - see X. capensis<br />

Y oungia<br />

Xyridaceae IND<br />

japonica (L.) DC.<br />

Z anichellia<br />

Asteraceae IND,THA,VIE<br />

palustris L.<br />

Zanichelliaceae IND<br />

Zornia<br />

diphylla (L.) Pers.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

Zoysia<br />

matrella (L.) Merr. Poaceae BRU,PHI

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

A chyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Adenosma<br />

<strong>in</strong>diana (Lour.) Merr.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

paronychioides St. Hil.<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Arund<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce<br />

Azolla<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

hamiltoniana (Benth.) Wettst.<br />

procumbens (Mill.) Greenm.<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Blyxa<br />

aubertii L.C. Rich.<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Amaranthaceae NSP<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

NSP<br />

DWR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

88 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Brachiaria<br />

distachya (L.) Stapf<br />

Poaceae<br />

C aesulia<br />

axillaris Roxb.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Calystegia<br />

hederacea Wall.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Cardanthera<br />

difformis - see Hygrophila difformis Acanthaceae<br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Centipeda<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers. Asteraceae<br />

Centranthera<br />

humifusa Wall.<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Chamaeraphis<br />

gracilis - see Setaria laxa Poaceae<br />

Chara<br />

sp.<br />

Characeae<br />

Chenopodium<br />

album L.<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl Cyperaceae<br />

Cleome<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis Capparaceae<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Coldenia<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Colocasia<br />

esculenta (L.) Schott<br />

Araceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

DSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

DWR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

hasskarlii C.B. Clarke<br />

paleata Hassk.<br />

Corchorus<br />

acutangulus - see C. aestuans<br />

aestuans L.<br />

Cotula<br />

hemisphaerica Wall. ex Clarke<br />

Crotalaria<br />

saltiana Andr.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris<br />

cristata D. Don.<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifollus - see C. flabelliformis<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

corymbosus Rottb.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

flabellrformis Rottb.<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

longus L.<br />

michelianus - see C. pygmaeus<br />

odoratus L.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

pygmaeus Rottb.<br />

radiatus - see C. elatus<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C. B. Clarke<br />

strigosus L.<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

Commelioaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

BANGLADESH 89<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,DWR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP

90 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

Family Culture<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Dentella<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

repens (L.) Forst.<br />

Desmodium<br />

Rubiaceae LNS<br />

pulchellum (L.) Benth.<br />

Fabaceae (P) NSP<br />

triflorum (L.) DC.<br />

Fabaceae (P) LNS<br />

trifolium - see D. triflorum<br />

Desmostachya<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

bip<strong>in</strong>nata (L.) Stapf<br />

Dichanthium<br />

Poaceae<br />

NSP<br />

annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

Digitaria<br />

Poaceae<br />

LNS<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

Poaceae<br />

NSP<br />

ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex<br />

Muehl.<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

Drosera<br />

Poaceae<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

burmanni Vahl<br />

Dysophylla<br />

Droseraceae NSP<br />

auricularia - see Pogostemon<br />

auricularius<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

crassicaulis Benth.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

Lamiaceae LNS<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Poaceae<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,UPL<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

Poaceae<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Poaceae<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,UPL<br />

pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitch. & Chase Poaceae<br />

LNS<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Poaceae<br />

LNS<br />

Eclipta<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eleocharis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

chaetaria - see E. retroflexa Cyperaceae<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel Cyperaceae<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult. Cyperaceae<br />

obtusa (Willd.) Schult.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

palustris (L.) R. Br.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata Cyperaceae<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis Cyperaceae<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Enydra<br />

Poaceae<br />

fluctuans Lour.<br />

Epaltes<br />

Asteraceae<br />

australis - see E. cunn<strong>in</strong>ghamii Asteraceae<br />

cunn<strong>in</strong>gharnii Benth.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

Asteraceae<br />

aspera (Jacq.) Nees<br />

Poaceae<br />

cilianensis (All.) Lut. ex F.T. Hubb. Poaceae<br />

gangetica (Roxb.) Steud.<br />

Poaceae<br />

japonica (Thunb.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Poaceae<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem<br />

& Schult.<br />

Poaceae<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

Poaceae<br />

luzulaefolium Mart.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

oryzetorum Mart.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangulare L.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

sieboldianum - see E. sexangulare Eriocaulaceae<br />

sollyanum Royle<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

trilobum - see E. sollyanum Eriocaulaceae<br />

truncatum Buch.- Ham. ex Mart. Eriocaulaceae<br />

xeranthemum Mart.<br />

Eriochloa<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

fatmensis (Hochst. & Steud.)<br />

W.D. Clayton<br />

Poaceae<br />

nubica - see E. fatmensis<br />

Poaceae<br />

Euphorbia<br />

emodi Hook. f.<br />

hirta L.<br />

microphylla Heyne ex Roth<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

BANGLADESH 91<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,UPL<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR

92 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Evolvulus<br />

nummularius (L.) L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

podocarpa - see F. tomentosa<br />

squarrosa Vahl<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

glomerata - see F. ciliaris<br />

G l<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Gnaphalium<br />

luteo-album L.<br />

Grangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

H edyotis<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

protensa Nees ex Steud.<br />

Herpestis<br />

chamaedroides - see Bacopa<br />

procumbens<br />

Hoppea<br />

dichotoma Willd.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocotyle<br />

asiatica - see Centella asiatica<br />

sibthorpioides Lam.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

auriculata (Schum.) He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

difformis (L.f.) BI.<br />

polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anders.<br />

Hygroryza<br />

afistata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight &<br />

Arn.<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong><br />

pseudo<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see H.<br />

acutigluma<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

Hypochoeris<br />

radicata L.<br />

l mperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

Ipomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Merremia hirta<br />

reptans - see I. aquatica<br />

triloba L.<br />

lschaemum<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Jussiaea<br />

decurrens - see Ludwigia<br />

decurrens<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

BANGLADESH 93<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

DSR<br />

NSP

94 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

L agarosiphon<br />

Family Culture<br />

roxburghii - see Necham<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

alternifolia<br />

Leersia<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

Poaceae<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

trisulca L.<br />

Leonurus<br />

Lemnaceae DWR,TPR<br />

sibiricus L.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

Lamiaceae DSR,TPR<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

Leucas<br />

Poaceae<br />

LNS<br />

aspera (Willd.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Limnophila<br />

Lamiaceae TPR<br />

conferata - see L. repens<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

repens (Benth.) Benth.<br />

Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

sessiliflora BI.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

hyssopioides (L.) Ha<strong>in</strong>es<br />

Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

multiflora (Roxb.) Mukerjee Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

procumbens (Krock.) Philcox Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

pusilla (Willd.) Bold.<br />

Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

tenuifolia (Colsm.) Alston<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Lobelia<br />

Cyperaceae NSP<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

Lobeliaceae LNS<br />

trigona - see L. als<strong>in</strong>oides<br />

Ludwigia<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

Onagraceae DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

decurrens Walt.<br />

Onagraceae TPR<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell Onagraceae LNS<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

Onagraceae NSP<br />

perennis L.<br />

Onagraceae LNS<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

Onagraceae TPR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

M ariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Mazus<br />

japonicus (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

Melilotus<br />

alba Desr.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) All.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Merremia<br />

hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

Microcarpaea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (Koen. ex Retz.) Merr.<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mitrasacme<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides R. Br.<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

blumei (Hassk.) Brenan<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum Willd.<br />

spicatum L.<br />

tuberculatum Roxb.<br />

N ajas<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

malesiana De Wilde<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or All.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Loganiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DWR<br />

BANGLADESH 95

96 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Necham<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

alternifolia (Roxb.) Thw.<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Nesaea<br />

brevipes (Wight & Arn.) Koehne<br />

Nitella<br />

sp.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

stellata - see N. nouchali<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

corymbosa - see Hedyotis<br />

corymbosa<br />

Oplismenus<br />

burmanii (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

compositus (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

perennis (annual) - see O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

perennis (perennial) - see O.<br />

rufipogon<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

sativa var. fatua - see O. nivara,<br />

O. rufipogon, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

spontanea - see O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Oxalis<br />

europaea Jord.<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

DWR<br />

NSP<br />

DWR<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DWR<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

DWR<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

P anicum<br />

dichotomiflorum (L.) Michx.<br />

paludosum Roxb.<br />

repens L.<br />

Parapholis<br />

<strong>in</strong>curva (L.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

Paspalum<br />

commersonii - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

simplex - see P. virgatus<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L.<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

auricularius (L.) Hassk.<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Polygonum<br />

glabrum Willd.<br />

hydropiper L.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>us Huds.<br />

orientale L.<br />

persicaria L.<br />

plebeium R. Br.<br />

Pontederia<br />

sp.<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus<br />

polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

Family Culture<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

BANGLADESH 97<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LN S

98 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

R anunculus<br />

sceleratus L.<br />

Rhynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

Rotala<br />

baccifera - see Ammannia<br />

baccifera<br />

densiflora (Roth) Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne<br />

Rumex<br />

maritimus L.<br />

Rungia<br />

pect<strong>in</strong>ata (L.) Nees<br />

S acciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (Willd.) Stapf<br />

myosuroides (R.Br.) A. Camus<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

natans (L.) All.<br />

Scirpus<br />

acutus Muhl.<br />

articulatus L.<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lacustris L.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

michelianus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

triqueter - see S. lacustris<br />

Scleria<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L. Scrophulariaceae<br />

Sesbania<br />

aculeata - see S. bisp<strong>in</strong>osa Fabaceae (P)<br />

bisp<strong>in</strong>osa (Jacq.) Wight Fabaceae (P)<br />

cannab<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) Poir. Fabaceae (P)<br />

javanica Miq. Fabaceae (P)<br />

paludosa - see S. javanica<br />

Setaria<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

glauca - see Pennisetum glaucum Poaceae<br />

laxa Merr. Poaceae<br />

pallide-fusca - see S. pumila Poaceae<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Poaceae<br />

viridis (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Sida<br />

Poaceae<br />

javensis Cav. Malvaceae<br />

veronicaefolia - see S. javensis Malvaceae<br />

Solanum<br />

carol<strong>in</strong>ense L.<br />

nigrum L.<br />

rostratum Dun.<br />

torvum L.<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Spilanthes<br />

acmella - see S. iabadicensis Asteraceae<br />

iabadicensis A. H. Moore Asteraceae<br />

Spirogyra<br />

sp.<br />

Zygnemataceae<br />

Sporobolus<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv. Poaceae<br />

tremulus (Willd.) Kunth<br />

Poaceae<br />

Staurogyne<br />

glut<strong>in</strong>osa (CI.) O.K. Acanthaceae<br />

Striga<br />

densiflora Benth. Scrophulariaceae<br />

T enagocharis<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch. Butomaceae<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

DWR<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LN S<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

BANGLADESH 99

100 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

U rena<br />

lobata L.<br />

Utricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

hirta Kle<strong>in</strong> ex L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

V allisneria<br />

spiralis L.<br />

Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides (L.) Nash<br />

Vossia<br />

cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff.<br />

W ahlenbergia<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata (Thunb.) DC.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae NSP<br />

Malvaceae NSP<br />

Lentiburiaceae DWR,TPR<br />

Lentiburiaceae NSP<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae NSP<br />

Hydrocharitaceae DWR<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

Poaceae DSR,DWR<br />

Campanulaceae NSP<br />

X anthium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum Roxb.<br />

Xyris<br />

Asteraceae NSP<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L. Xyridaceae LNS<br />

pauciflora Willd. Xyridaceae NSP<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh.<br />

Ahmad M S (1974) Ecology, distribution <strong>and</strong> production of deep water <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 1-21 <strong>in</strong> Deep<br />

water <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Joydebpur, Dacca,<br />

Bangladesh.<br />

Ahmed N U (1981) Early crop weed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> weed growth <strong>and</strong> gra<strong>in</strong> yield of third crop. Int. Rice<br />

Res. Newsl. 6(6):22.<br />

Ahmed N U, Hoque M Z (1981) Weed control <strong>in</strong> dry-seeded ra<strong>in</strong>fed bunded <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> its residual<br />

effect on weed growth of the subsequent transplanted crop Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 6(2):13-<br />

14.<br />

Alam S, Alam M S. Ahmed M S (1980) Notes on Athetis pect<strong>in</strong>icornis, a pest of water lettuce<br />

<strong>and</strong> water hyac<strong>in</strong>th <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 5(3):15<br />

Alam S, Rezaul Karim A N M (1980) The black beetle: an efficient weed feeder <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh.<br />

Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 5(4):23.

BANGLADESH 101<br />

Baksha M M, Huq A M, Khan M S (1979) Taxonomic studies <strong>in</strong> the monocotyledonous weeds of<br />

the paddy fields of Dacca. Dacca Univ. Stud. 27(2):147-160.<br />

Baksha M M, Huq A M, Khan M S (1980) Taxonomic studies <strong>in</strong> the dicotyledonous weeds of the<br />

paddy fields of Dacca, Bangladesh. Dacca Univ. Stud. 28(2):49-60.<br />

Baloch G M, Khan A G, Ghani M A (1972) Phenology, biology <strong>and</strong> host specificity of some<br />

stenophagous <strong>in</strong>sects attack<strong>in</strong>g Myriophyllum spp. <strong>in</strong> Pakistan. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 10:13-<br />

16.<br />

Biswas K, Calder C C (1937) H<strong>and</strong>book of common water <strong>and</strong> marsh plants of India <strong>and</strong> Burma,<br />

1936. Health Bull. 24 (Malaria Bur. 11). Government Press, New Delhi, India. 140 p.<br />

De Datta S K. Hoque M Z (1982) <strong>Weeds</strong>, weed problems, <strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> deepwater <strong>rice</strong><br />

areas. Pages 427-442 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1981 <strong>in</strong>ternational deepwater <strong>rice</strong> workshop.<br />

International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Elahi M N E, Quddus A, Naseem S B, Khan A H, Karim S M R, Bhuiyan A M, Alam M, Faruque A<br />

K M, Alam S, Magor N P (1985) BRRI farm<strong>in</strong>g systems research programme. Pages 28-78<br />

<strong>in</strong> Report of the 16th <strong>Asia</strong>n <strong>rice</strong> farm<strong>in</strong>g systems work<strong>in</strong>g group meet<strong>in</strong>g. Bangladesh Rice<br />

Research Institute, Joydebpur, Dacca, Bangladesh <strong>and</strong> International Rice Research<br />

Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Francis P, Griff<strong>in</strong> G (1982) Crop establishment practices for deepwater <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh.<br />

Pages 415-424 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1981 <strong>in</strong>ternational deepwater <strong>rice</strong> workshop.<br />

International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Gaffer M A, Rikabder F H (1975) Evaluation of granular nitrofen <strong>and</strong> 2,4-D as means of weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> transplanted aman <strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 24(2):88-92.<br />

Grist D H (1965) Rice. 4th ed. Longmans, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 548 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häafl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Hasanuzzaman S M (1974) Cultivation of deep water <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Pages 22-44 <strong>in</strong> Deep<br />

water <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Dacca,<br />

Bangladesh.<br />

Holm L G. Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Jes<strong>in</strong>ger R, Rashid S, Tajudd<strong>in</strong> S (1971) The use of nitrogen <strong>in</strong> irrigated <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> East Pakistan.<br />

Pages 221-225 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference.<br />

<strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Khan D U, Islam N (1985) List of common weeds of Bangladesh. Tech. Doc. 133. <strong>Asia</strong>n <strong>and</strong><br />

Pacific Plant Protection Commission, FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific,<br />

Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>. 8 p.<br />

Khan D U, Shafiqudd<strong>in</strong> K (1975) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> some crops <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed agriculture <strong>in</strong><br />

Bangladesh. Page 229 <strong>in</strong> Reviews on pest, disease <strong>and</strong> weed problems <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed crops <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Far East. RAFE 23. D.B. Reddy, ed., FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the<br />

Pacific, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Khan M S, ed. (1972- ) Flora of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council,<br />

Dacca, Bangladesh.<br />

Mamun A A, Salim M, Wahab M A, Ali M A (1987) Aquatic weeds of Bangladesh <strong>and</strong> their<br />

control. Trop Pest Manage. 33:224-228<br />

Miah A S (1974) Disease of deep water <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Pages 122-139 <strong>in</strong> Deep water <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />

Bangladesh Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Dacca, Bangladesh.<br />

Mian A L, Banik M L. Das N L (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> of rabi (w<strong>in</strong>ter) crops of East Pakistan Agricultural<br />

University farms. Agric. Pakistan 21:159-187.<br />

Mian A L, Gaffer M A (1968) Tok granular (2,4-dichlorophenyl 4-nitrophenyl ether) as a<br />

weedicide <strong>in</strong> transplanted aman <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> East Pakistan. Pakistan J. Sci. Res. 20:119-124.

102 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Mian A L, Gaffer M A (1971) Granular nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl 4-nitrophenyl ether) as a<br />

herbicide <strong>in</strong> boro <strong>rice</strong> culture. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 20(4):20-24.<br />

Mian A L, Mamun A A (1969) Chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong> transplant aman <strong>rice</strong>. The Nucleus<br />

6:155-163.<br />

Mian A L, Mamun A A (1970) A nonselective weedkiller as a substitute for tillage <strong>in</strong> production of<br />

aman <strong>rice</strong>. Agron. J. 62:189-192.<br />

Mian A L, Rahman M A (1969) Chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong> aus <strong>rice</strong> culture Pakistan J. Sci.<br />

Res. 21:61-66.<br />

Mian A L, Rahman M A (1969) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> transplant aman <strong>rice</strong>. Sci. Res. 6:219-<br />

226.<br />

Mitra J N (1958) Flower<strong>in</strong>g plants of eastern India. Vol. I. Monocotyledons. The World Press<br />

Private Ltd., Calcutta, India. 388 p.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>clair J (1957) The flora of Cox's Bazaar, East Pakistan. Bull. Bot. SOC. Beng. 9:84-116.<br />

Van Rijn P J (1982) Report of a mission on FAO <strong>in</strong>ter-country programme for the development<br />

<strong>and</strong> application of <strong>in</strong>tegrated pest control for <strong>rice</strong> grow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>south</strong>-east <strong>Asia</strong> -<br />

Establishment of weed control component. Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Zuberi M I, Ahmad A, Biswas M A R, Ghosh G P, Choudhury A N M A, Roy P C (1987) Striga<br />

densiflora Benth., an angiospermic root parasite of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Int. Rice Res.<br />

Newsl. 12(6):32-33.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bhutan.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

C ynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae<br />

Cyperus<br />

rotundus L.<br />

spp.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

spp.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

P aspalum<br />

distichum L. Poaceae<br />

Reference for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Bhutan.<br />

Pradhan P M, Chettri G B (1987) Evaluation of weed control methods <strong>in</strong> Bhutan. Int. Rice Res.<br />

Newsl. 12(5):29-30.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Brunei.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

C ommel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

nudiflora - see Murdannia nudiflora Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperus<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

D igitaria<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

sp.<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

M elastoma<br />

malabathricum L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Bum. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

P anicum<br />

repens L.<br />

Paspalum<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

Z oysia<br />

Poaceae<br />

matrella (L.) Merr. Poaceae<br />

Reference for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Brunei.<br />

Williams C N, Woodroofe R B (1979) Rice herbicide trials <strong>in</strong> Brunei. PANS 25:168-170.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Burma.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

A canthospermum<br />

hispidum DC.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Alloteropsis<br />

cimic<strong>in</strong>a (L.) Stapf<br />

Alternanthera<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schuit.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

retroflexus L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Anthistiria<br />

ciliata - see Tristachya leucothrix<br />

Axonopus<br />

cimic<strong>in</strong>us - see Alloteropsis cimic<strong>in</strong>a<br />

B ergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Brachiaria<br />

eruciformis (J.E Sm.) Griseb.<br />

C assia<br />

obtusifolia - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Parkeriaceae

108 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEASTASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

chelidonii L.f.<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

communis - see C. diffusa<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

Crassocephalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus axillaris<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

globosus - see C. flavidus<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

longus L.<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pygmaeus Rottb.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaaeae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

D esmostachya<br />

bip<strong>in</strong>nata (L.) Stapf<br />

Digitaria<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

oryzicola - see E. phyllopogon<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss.<br />

picta (Koen.) Michael<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

capitata - see E. geniculata<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

Elytrophorus<br />

articulatus - see E. spicatus<br />

spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus<br />

Eragrostis<br />

burmanica Bor<br />

cynosuroides - see Desmostachya bip<strong>in</strong>nata<br />

pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Erigeron<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

BURMA 109

110 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangulare L.<br />

sollyanum Royle<br />

trilobum - see E. sollyanum<br />

Eriochloa<br />

polystachya - see E. procera<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Euphorbia<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>a Raf.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

G l<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

H emarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

longiflora (Hook. f.) A. Camus<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

I pomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

lsachne<br />

australis - see I. himalaica<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

lsachne (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

himalaica Hook. f.<br />

miliacea - see I. pulchella<br />

pulchella Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

lschaemum<br />

aristatum - see I. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

laxum - see Sehmia nervosum<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

timorense Kunth<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Jussiaea<br />

repens - see Ludwigia aascendens<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

tenera Kurz<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

filiformis (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth<br />

Lobelia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

Ludwigia<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

M ariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Mesona<br />

palustris Bl.<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastaefolia - see M. hastata<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

BURMA 111

112 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Monochoria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N ajas<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

malesiana De Wilde<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oryza<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

P anicum<br />

crus-galli - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa crus-galli<br />

flavidum - see Paspalidium flavidum<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

Paspalum<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>ale - see Digitaria sangu<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

Richardia<br />

scabra L.<br />

Rotala<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Philydraceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Lythraceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

S acciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Scirpus<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

rnaritirnus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperrna (L.) Sw.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Sehima<br />

nervosum (Rottl.) Stapf<br />

Senna<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>elianus (Retz.) Kunth<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

tremulus (Willd.) Kunth<br />

T orul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Tristachya<br />

leucothrix Nees<br />

Triumfetta<br />

rotundifolia Lam.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alisrnataceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

BURMA 113

114 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

U tricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

X anthium<br />

strumarium L.<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Burma.<br />

Biswas K, Calder C C (1937) H<strong>and</strong>book of common water <strong>and</strong> marsh plants of India <strong>and</strong> Burma,<br />

1936. Health Bull. 24 (Malaria Bur. 11). Government Press, New Delhi. India. 140 p.<br />

Bor N L (1960) The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India <strong>and</strong> Pakistan. Pergamon Press, New York,<br />

USA.<br />

Gillil<strong>and</strong> H B (1971) A revised flora of Malaya. Vol. III. Grasses. Botanic Gardens, Government<br />

Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Office, S<strong>in</strong>gapore. 319 p.<br />

Grant J W (1932) The <strong>rice</strong> crop <strong>in</strong> Burma. Agricultural Survey 17. Department of Agriculture,<br />

Rangoon, Burma. 56 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

McKerral A (1923) The commoner grasses of Burma. Bull. 20. Department of Agriculture,<br />

Rangoon, Burma. 23 p.<br />

Michael P (1983) Report on BUR/79/001 Strengthen<strong>in</strong>g plant protection. Consultant weed<br />

identification manual. Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture Organization, Rome. Italy. 30 p.<br />

Michael P W (1983) Taxonomy <strong>and</strong> distribution of Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa species with special reference to<br />

their occurrence as weeds of <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 291-306 <strong>in</strong> Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong> National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Rh<strong>in</strong>d D (1945) The grasses of Burma. Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta. India. 99 p.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V.. Jakarta, Indonesia.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> India<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

A butilon<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (L.) Sweet<br />

Acacia<br />

pennata - see A. plurigl<strong>and</strong>ulosa<br />

plurigl<strong>and</strong>ulosa Verdc.<br />

Acalypha<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

malabarica Muell.<br />

Acanthospermum<br />

hispidum DC.<br />

Achillea<br />

millefolium L.<br />

Achyranthes<br />

alternifolia - see Digera muricata<br />

aspera L.<br />

Adenostemma<br />

lavenia (L.) O.K.<br />

viscosum - see A. lavenia<br />

Adhatoda<br />

zeylanica - See Justicia adhatoda<br />

Adiantum<br />

lunulatum - see Pteris lunulata<br />

Aerva<br />

lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

americana L.<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

uniflora F. Mey.<br />

virg<strong>in</strong>ica (L.) B.S.P.<br />

Agerat<strong>in</strong>a<br />

adenophora (Spreng.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g<br />

& B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Pteridaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP

116 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Agerat<strong>in</strong>a (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

riparia (Regel) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g &<br />

B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Agrimonia<br />

eupatoria L.<br />

pilosa - see A. eupatoria<br />

Agropyron<br />

cristatum (L.) Gaertn.<br />

repens - see Elymus repens<br />

Agrostis<br />

micrantha Steud.<br />

Ajuga<br />

macrosperma Wall.<br />

Alisma<br />

plantago - see A. plantagoaquatica<br />

plantago-aquatica L.<br />

Allmania<br />

nodiflora (L.) R. Br. ex Wight<br />

Alloteropsis<br />

cimic<strong>in</strong>a (L.) Stapf<br />

Alternanthera<br />

nodiflora - see A. sessilis<br />

paronychioides St. Hil.<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra - see A. sessilis<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

monolifer DC.<br />

nummularifolius - see A. vag<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

rugosus (Willd.) DC.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

blitum - see A. lividus<br />

gracilis - see A. viridis<br />

lividus L.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR, TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Amaranthus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

tenuifolius Willd.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Ambrosia<br />

artemisiifolia L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

auriculata Wllld.<br />

baccifera L.<br />

multiflora Roxb.<br />

nodiflora R. Br.<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>ra L.f.<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra - see Rotala pent<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

peploides - see Rotala <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

pygmaea Kurz<br />

ritchiei C. B. Clarke<br />

rotundifolia - see Rotala<br />

rotundifolia<br />

senegalensis Lam.<br />

Anabaena<br />

sp.<br />

Anagallis<br />

arvensis L.<br />

pumila Sw.<br />

Anaphalis<br />

contorta (D. Don) Hook. f.<br />

Andrographis<br />

echioides Nees<br />

laxiflora (BI.) L<strong>in</strong>dau<br />

serpyllifolia Wight<br />

Andropogon<br />

aciculatus - see Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus<br />

annulatus - see Dichanthium<br />

annulatum<br />

citratus - see Cymbopogon<br />

citratus<br />

squarrosus - see Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides<br />

Aneilema<br />

hamiltonianum Wall.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Primulaceae<br />

Primulaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

INDIA 117<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR

118 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Aneilema (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

keisak - see Murdannia keisak<br />

nudiflorum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum - see Murdannia<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>ata<br />

Anemone<br />

rivularis Buch.-Ham.<br />

Anisomeles<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

ovata - see A. <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Anotis<br />

wightiana Hook. f.<br />

Apluda<br />

aristata - see A. mutica<br />

mutica L.<br />

Aponogeton<br />

crispus - see A. undulatus<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>atum Roxb.<br />

lakhonensis A. Camus<br />

monostachyon L.f.<br />

natans (L.) Engl. & Kr.<br />

undulatus Roxb.<br />

Argemone<br />

mexicana L.<br />

Ariopsis<br />

peltata F. Grah.<br />

Artemisia<br />

maderaspatana - see Grangea<br />

maderaspatana<br />

nilagirica Pampan.<br />

vulgaris L.<br />

Arthraxon<br />

lancifolius (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) Hochst.<br />

Arund<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce<br />

leptochloa (Nees) Hook. f.<br />

Asteracantha<br />

longifolia - See Hygrophila<br />

auriculata<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Ranunculaceae NSP<br />

Lamiaceae NSP<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae UPL<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae NSP<br />

Aponogetonaceae NSP<br />

Aponogetonaceae LNS,UPL<br />

Aponogetonaceae TPR<br />

Aponogetonaceae NSP<br />

Papaveraceae DIR,UPL<br />

Araceae NSP<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae NSP<br />

Asteraceae NSP<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

Poaceae LNS<br />

Poaceae TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

Acanthaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Athroisma<br />

lac<strong>in</strong>iatum DC.<br />

Atriplex<br />

hortensis L.<br />

Atylosia<br />

platycarpa Benth.<br />

Axonopus<br />

compressus (Sw.) Beauv.<br />

Azolla<br />

imbricata - see A. p<strong>in</strong>nata<br />

japonica - see A. rubra<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

rubra R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

rotundifolia Wettst.<br />

Barleria<br />

cristata L.<br />

Batrachium<br />

trichophyllum - see Ranunculus<br />

trichophyllus<br />

Belosynapsis<br />

ciliata (BI.) Rolla Rao<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

capensis L.<br />

verticellata - see B. capensis<br />

Bidens<br />

biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff<br />

ex Sherff<br />

pilosa L.<br />

tripartita L.<br />

Biophytum<br />

sensitivum (L.) DC.<br />

Bla<strong>in</strong>villea<br />

acmella (L.) Philip.<br />

Blepharis<br />

mollug<strong>in</strong>ifolia Pers.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

INDIA 119

120 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Blumea<br />

bifoliata (L.) DC.<br />

lacera (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

lac<strong>in</strong>iata (Roxb.) DC.<br />

virens DC.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Planch. ex Thw.<br />

oryzetorum - see B. auberti<br />

roxburghii - see B. oct<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

talboti Hook. f.<br />

Boerhavia<br />

diffusa L.<br />

erecta L.<br />

Bonnaya<br />

brachiata - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia ciliata<br />

oppositifolia Spreng.<br />

veronicaefolia Spreng.<br />

Borreria<br />

articularis (L.f.) F.N. Williams<br />

hispida - see B. articularis<br />

laevis (Lam.) Griseb.<br />

stricta (L.f.) G.F.N. Mey.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedia - see B. bladhii<br />

ischaemum (L.) Keng<br />

odorata - see B. bladhii<br />

pertusa (L.) A. Camus<br />

pseudoischaemum - see B.<br />

ischaemum<br />

Brachiaria<br />

distachya (L.) Stapf<br />

eruciformis (J.E. Sm.) Griseb.<br />

miliiformis (Presl) A. Chase<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash<br />

ramosa (L.) Stapf<br />

reptans (L.) Gard. & C.E. Hubb.<br />

Asteraceae TPR<br />

Asteraceae TPR,UPL<br />

Asteraceae UPL<br />

Asteraceae DSR<br />

Hydrocharitaceae TPR<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae NSP<br />

Hydrocharitaceae NSP<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae WSR<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae TPR<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae NSP<br />

Scrophulariaceae DIR,TPR<br />

Rubiaceae TPR<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae UPL<br />

Rubiaceae TPR,WSR<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae TPR,WSR<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae LNS,UPL<br />

Poaceae TPR,WSR<br />

Poaceae TPR,UPL<br />

Poaceae TPR,WSR<br />

Poaceae TPR,WSR<br />

Poaceae DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

Poaceae UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Bramia<br />

monnieri - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Brasenia<br />

schreberi Gmel.<br />

Bridelia<br />

montana (Roxb.) Willd.<br />

Briza<br />

sp.<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

capillaris - see B. densa<br />

densa (Wall. <strong>in</strong> Roxb.) H<strong>and</strong>.-<br />

Mazz.<br />

Butomopsis<br />

lanceolata Kunth<br />

Butomus<br />

umbellatus L.<br />

C aesulia<br />

axillaris Roxb.<br />

Calotropsis<br />

procera (Willd.) Dry<strong>and</strong>. ex<br />

W.T. Ait.<br />

Cannabis<br />

sativa L.<br />

Canscora<br />

decurrens Dalz.<br />

decussata Schult.<br />

diffusa R. Br.<br />

Capillipedium<br />

assimile (Steud.) A. Camus<br />

Capsella<br />

bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.<br />

Cardam<strong>in</strong>e<br />

hirsuta L.<br />

Cardanthera<br />

difformis - see Hygrophila difformis<br />

trifolia - see Hygrophila difformis<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asclepiadaceae<br />

Cannabaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NPS<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

INDIA 121

122 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cardanthera (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

ulig<strong>in</strong>osa - see Hygrophila<br />

helodes<br />

Carduus<br />

edelbergii K.H. Rech<strong>in</strong>ger<br />

Carex<br />

breviculmis R. Br.<br />

fedia - see C. wallichiana<br />

foliosa D. Don<br />

k<strong>in</strong>giana Leveille & Vaniot<br />

notha Kunth<br />

nubigena D. Don<br />

philocrena V. Krecz<br />

pru<strong>in</strong>osa Boott<br />

wallichiana Presc.<br />

Cassia<br />

auriculata L.<br />

hirsuta - see Senna hirsuta<br />

mimosoides - see Chamaecrista<br />

mimosoides<br />

obtusifolia - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

occidentalis - see Senna<br />

occidentalis<br />

tora - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

Catharanthus<br />

pusillus (Murr.) G. Don<br />

Cayratia<br />

trifolia (L.) Dom<strong>in</strong><br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

cristata - see C. argentea<br />

Centaurium<br />

centaurioides (Roxb.) Rolla Rao<br />

& Hemadri<br />

roxburghii (G. Don) Druce<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Centipeda<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers.<br />

orbicularis - see C. m<strong>in</strong>ima<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Apocynaceae<br />

Vitaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Centotheca<br />

lappacea (L.) Desv.<br />

latifolia - see C. lappacea<br />

Centranthera<br />

tranquebarica (Spreng.) Merr.<br />

Cerastium<br />

glomeratum Thuill.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

siliquosa - see C. thalictroides<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chamaecrista<br />

mimosoides St<strong>and</strong>ley<br />

Chamaeraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens - see Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens<br />

Chamomilla<br />

suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.<br />

Chara<br />

fibrosa Ag. ex Bruz<br />

fragilis - see C. globularis<br />

globularis Thuill.<br />

zeylanica Willd.<br />

Chenopodium<br />

album L.<br />

ambrosioides L.<br />

murale L.<br />

Chionachne<br />

koenigii (Spreng.) Thw.<br />

Chloris<br />

barbata Sw.<br />

gayana Kunth<br />

<strong>in</strong>flata - see C. barbata<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L.<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Chrozophora<br />

plicata (Vahl) A. Juss.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

DIR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

INDIA 123

124 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Chrozophora (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

prostrata Dalz. Euphorbiaceae<br />

rottleri (Geisel) A. Juss. ex Spreng. Euphorbiaceae<br />

Chrysanthemum<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erariifolium (Trev.) Vis. Asteraceae<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. Poaceae<br />

Cichorium<br />

<strong>in</strong>tybus L. Asteraceae<br />

Cirsium<br />

argyracanthum - see Cnicus Asteraceae<br />

argyracanthus<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cladophora<br />

sp.<br />

Cladophoraceae<br />

Cleome<br />

chelidonii L.f. Capparaceae<br />

Ciliata - see C. rutidosperma Capparaceae<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis Capparaceae<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

icos<strong>and</strong>ra L. Capparaceae<br />

monophylla L. Capparaceae<br />

rutidosperma DC. Capparaceae<br />

viscosa L. Capparaceae<br />

Clerodendrum<br />

<strong>in</strong>fortunatum Gaertn. Verbenaceae<br />

Cnicus<br />

argyracanthus C.B. Clarke Asteraceae<br />

Cocc<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica Wight & Arn. Cucurbitaceae<br />

Coelachne<br />

pulchella R. Br. Poaceae<br />

simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex Poaceae<br />

Steud.) Munro ex Benth.<br />

Coix<br />

aquatica Roxb. Poaceae<br />

gigantea Koen. ex Roxb. Poaceae<br />

lachryma-jobi L. Poaceae<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Coldenia<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Colocasia<br />

sp.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

attenuata Koen. ex Vahl<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

communis - see C. diffusa<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

forskalaei Vahl<br />

hasskarlii C.B. Clarke<br />

jacobi Fischer<br />

longifolia Lam.<br />

nudiflora - see Murdannia nudiflora<br />

obliqua - see C. paludosa<br />

paludosa Bl.<br />

salicifolia - see C. longifolia<br />

sikkimensis Clarke<br />

Convolvulus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

sc<strong>in</strong>dicus Stocks<br />

Conyza<br />

ambigua L.<br />

bonariensis (L.) Cronq.<br />

canadensis (L.) Cronq.<br />

japonica Less.<br />

Corchorus<br />

acutangulus - see C. aestuans<br />

aestuans L.<br />

antichorus Raeuschel<br />

capsularis L.<br />

fascicularis Lam.<br />

olitorius L.<br />

trilocularis L.<br />

Coreopsis<br />

lanceolata L.<br />

Courtoisia<br />

cyperoides - see Cyperus luzulae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae TPR,UPL<br />

Araceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

TPR<br />

INDIA 125<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

NUR,TPR,UPL<br />

DIR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP

126 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Crassocephalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore<br />

Crawfurdia<br />

speciosa Wall.<br />

Crepis<br />

japonica - see Youngia japonica<br />

Cressa<br />

cretica L.<br />

Cr<strong>in</strong>um<br />

latifolium L.<br />

Crotalaria<br />

alata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don<br />

bialata - see C. alata<br />

juncea L.<br />

medicag<strong>in</strong>ea Lam.<br />

mysorensis Roth<br />

pallida Ait.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quefolia L.<br />

Croton<br />

bonpl<strong>and</strong>ianus Baill.<br />

plicatus - see Chrozophora plicata<br />

sparsiflorus Morong<br />

Crypsis<br />

schoenoides (L.) Lam.<br />

Cryptocoryne<br />

Ciliata (Roxb.) Schott<br />

spiralis Fisch. ex Wydler<br />

Cucumis<br />

trigonus Roxb.<br />

Cum<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>um<br />

cym<strong>in</strong>um L.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris<br />

cristata D. Don<br />

cucullata Kunth<br />

tuberosa (Roxb.) Schult. f.<br />

vaga - see Belosynapsis ciliata<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Amaryllidaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyathocl<strong>in</strong>e<br />

lyrata Cass. Asteraceae<br />

purpurea - see C. lyrata Asteraceae<br />

Cymbopogon<br />

citratus (DC.) Stapf<br />

jwarancusa (Jones) Schult.<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cynoglossum<br />

glochidiatum DC.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

alulatus Kern<br />

amabilis - see C. castaneus<br />

aristatus - see C. squarrosus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

bulbosus - see C. rotundus<br />

castaneus Willd.<br />

cephalotes Vahl<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

conglomeratus Rottb.<br />

corymbosus Rottb.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us (Retz.) Valck. Sur.<br />

cyperoides (L.) O.K.<br />

diaphanus Schrader ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

difformis L.<br />

diffusus Vahl<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

dilutus - see C. compactus<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

eleus<strong>in</strong>oides - see C. nutans<br />

esculentus L.<br />

exaltus Retz.<br />

ferax - see C. odoratus<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

flavidus Retz<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

INDIA 127<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR

128 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

globosus - see C. flavidus<br />

grossus - see Scirpus grossus<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

javanicus Houtt.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

laevigatus L.<br />

latespicatus - see C. diaphanus<br />

longus L.<br />

luzulae Rottb. ex Willd.<br />

macrostachyos Lam.<br />

melanospermus (Nees) Valck. Sur.<br />

michelianus - see C. pygmaeus<br />

microiria Steud.<br />

monocephalus - see C. cephalotes<br />

moveus Retz.<br />

niveus Retz.<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pangorei Rottb.<br />

parviflorus - see C. iria<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

pulv<strong>in</strong>atus - see C. pumilus<br />

pumilus L.<br />

puncticulatus - see C. procerus<br />

pygmaeus Rottb.<br />

radiatus - see C. elatus<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

silletensis - see C. pumilus<br />

squarrosus L.<br />

substram<strong>in</strong>eus Kuk.<br />

sulc<strong>in</strong>ux Clarke<br />

tegetum Roxb.<br />

teneriffae Poir.<br />

tenuiculmis Boeck.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NUR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,DWR,NUR,TPR,<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

trialatus (Boeck.) Kern<br />

t<strong>rice</strong>ps (Rottb.) Endl.<br />

tuberosus - see C. rotundus<br />

umbellatus - see C. cyper<strong>in</strong>us<br />

zoll<strong>in</strong>geri Steud.<br />

Cyrtococcum<br />

accrescens (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) Stapf<br />

oxyphyllum (Steud.) Stapf<br />

patens (L.) A. Camus<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Dentella<br />

repens (L.) Forst.<br />

serpyllifolia Wall. ex Airy Shaw<br />

Desmodium<br />

gangeticum (L.) DC.<br />

heterocarpon (L.) DC.<br />

heterophyllum (Willd.) DC.<br />

khasianum Pra<strong>in</strong><br />

microphyllum (Thunb.) DC.<br />

triflorum (L.) DC.<br />

triquetrum (L.) DC.<br />

velut<strong>in</strong>um (Willd.) DC.<br />

Desmostachya<br />

bip<strong>in</strong>nata (L.) Stapf<br />

Dicanthelium<br />

cl<strong>and</strong>est<strong>in</strong>um - see Panicum<br />

cl<strong>and</strong>est<strong>in</strong>um<br />

Dichanthium<br />

annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

caricosum (L.) A. Camus<br />

Dichrocephala<br />

bicolor - see D. <strong>in</strong>tegrifolia<br />

<strong>in</strong>tegrifolia (L.f.) O.K.<br />

latifolia - see D. <strong>in</strong>tegrifolia<br />

Dicliptera<br />

roxburghiana Nees<br />

Digera<br />

alternifolia - see D. muricata<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDIA 129<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP

130 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Digera (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

arvensis - see D. muricata<br />

muricata (L.) Mart.<br />

Digitaria<br />

abludens (Roem. & Schult.) Veldk.<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

bifasciculata - see D. compacta<br />

biformis - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

conjugata - see Brachiaria<br />

distachya<br />

consangu<strong>in</strong>ea - see D. setigera<br />

digitata - see D. violascens<br />

filiformis (L.) Koel.<br />

granularis - see D. abludens<br />

ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex<br />

Muehl.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata - see D. ciliaris<br />

pruriens - see D. setigera<br />

radicosa (Presl) Miq.<br />

royleana - see D. stricta<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

setigera Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

stricta Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

timorensis - see D. radicosa<br />

violascens L.<br />

Dimeria<br />

acutipes Bor<br />

hohenackeri Hochst. ex Miq.<br />

D<strong>in</strong>ebra<br />

arabica - see D. retroflexa<br />

retroflexa (Vahl) Panzer<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

lobelioides (Retz.) Benth.<br />

Drosera<br />

burmanni Vahl<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

umbellata Lour.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

DIR,NUR,TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DIR,NUR,TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS<br />

DIR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Drymaria<br />

cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Duchesnea<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Andr.) Foche<br />

Dysophylla<br />

auricularia - see Pogostemon<br />

auricularius<br />

quadrifolia - see Pogostemon<br />

stellatus<br />

stellatus - see Pogostemon<br />

stellatus<br />

tomentosa Dalz.<br />

verticillata - see Pogostemon<br />

stellatus<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var.<br />

praticola<br />

crus-galli var. breviseta - see<br />

E. crus-galli<br />

crus-galli var. caudata - see<br />

E. crus-galli ssp. hispidula<br />

crus-galli var. frumentacea - see<br />

E. frumentacea<br />

crus-galli var. oryzicola - see<br />

E. phyllopogon<br />

frumentacea L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzicola - see E. phyllopogon<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss.<br />

picta (Koen.) Michael<br />

pungens - see E. crus-galli<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>odorus<br />

ridleyi Steen<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDIA 131<br />

DSR,DWR,NUR,TPR,<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,DWR,NUR,TPR,<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP

132 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

erecta L.<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

Elymus<br />

repens (L.) Gould<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Eichhornia<br />

azurea (Sw.) Kunth<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Cyperaceae<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult. Cyperaceae<br />

afflata - see E. congesta<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl Cyperaceae<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla Cyperaceae<br />

capitata - see E. geniculata Cyperaceae<br />

caribea - see E. geniculata Cyperaceae<br />

chaetaria - see E. retroflexa Cyperaceae<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel Cyperaceae<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult. Cyperaceae<br />

palustris (L.) R. Br.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata Cyperaceae<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis Cyperaceae<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>oides - see E. dulcis Cyperaceae<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>queflora (F.X. Hartmann) O.<br />

Schwartz<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

spiralis (Rottb.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

Elephantopus<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

scaber L.<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Asteraceae<br />

aegyptia - see Dactyloctenium<br />

aegyptium<br />

Poaceae<br />

aegyptiaca - see Dactyloctenium<br />

aegyptium<br />

Poaceae<br />

coracana (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Poaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

DSR,NUR,UPL<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Elytrophorus<br />

articulatus - see E. spicatus<br />

spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus<br />

Emilia<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Enicostemma<br />

littorale BI.<br />

Enydra<br />

fluctuans Lour.<br />

Epaltes<br />

divaricata (L.) Cass.<br />

Epilobium<br />

hirsutum L.<br />

Equisetum<br />

debile Roxb. ex Vaucher<br />

diffusum Don<br />

Eragrostiella<br />

bifaria (Vahl) Bor<br />

brachyphylla (Stapf) Bor<br />

Eragrostis<br />

amabilis - see E. tenella<br />

aspera (Jacq.) Nees<br />

atrovirens (Desf.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

bifaria - see Eragrostiella bifaria<br />

brachyphylla - see Eragrostiella<br />

brachyphylla<br />

chariis - see E. nutans<br />

cilianensis (All.) Lut. ex F.T. Hubb.<br />

ciliaris (L.) R. Br.<br />

coarctata Stapf ex Hook. f.<br />

diarrhena - see E. japonica<br />

gangetica (Roxb.) Steud.<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see E. japonica<br />

japonica (Thunb.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

koenigii - see E. japonica<br />

maderaspatana Bor<br />

major - see E. cilianensis<br />

megastachya - see E. cilianensis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or Host<br />

nardoides Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

nigra Nees ex Steud.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Equisetaceae<br />

Equisetaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaqeae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSF<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

INDIA 133

134 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eragrostis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

nutans (Retz.) Steud.<br />

pect<strong>in</strong>acea (Michx.) Nees<br />

pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

plumosa - see E. tenella<br />

poaeoides - see E. m<strong>in</strong>or<br />

repens Hochst. ex Miq.<br />

reptans (Michx.) Nees<br />

stenophylla - see E. gangetica<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

tremula Hochst. ex Steud.<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

viscosa (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

willdenoviana - see E.<br />

maderaspatana<br />

xylanica Hack.<br />

Erechtites<br />

valerianaefolia DC.<br />

Erigeron<br />

annuus (L.) Pers.<br />

asteroides Roxb.<br />

karv<strong>in</strong>skianus DC.<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolius - see E. sumatrensis<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

achiton - see E. nigricans<br />

brownianum Mart.<br />

capillus-naiadas Hook. f.<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

cristatum Mart.<br />

cuspidatum Dalz<br />

eleanorae Fyson<br />

equisetoides van Royen<br />

gracile Mart.<br />

heterolepis Steud.<br />

luzulaefolium Mart.<br />

nepalense Bong.<br />

nigricans R. Br.<br />

odoratum Dalz.<br />

oryzetorum Mart.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangulare L.<br />

redactum Ruhl.<br />

setaceum L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eriocaulon (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sexangulare L. Eriocaulaceae<br />

sieboldianum - see E. sexangulare Eriocaulaceae<br />

sollyanum Royle Eiiocaulaceae<br />

trilobum - see E. sollyanum Eriocaulaceae<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart. Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriochloa<br />

polystachya - see E. procera<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Erythraea<br />

roxburghii - see Centaurium<br />

roxburghii<br />

Eupatorium<br />

adenophorum - see Agerat<strong>in</strong>a<br />

adenophora<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosum Kunth<br />

odoratum - see Chromolaena<br />

odorata<br />

Euphorbia<br />

dracunculoides Lam.<br />

hirta L.<br />

hispida Boiss.<br />

hypericifolia L.<br />

microphylla Heyne ex Roth<br />

nivulia Buch.-Ham.<br />

parviflora L.<br />

prostrata Ait.<br />

pulcherrirna Willd.<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

Eusteralis<br />

stellata - see Pogostemon<br />

stellatus<br />

Evolvulus<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides (L.) L.<br />

nummularius (L.) L.<br />

Exacum<br />

pedunculatum L.<br />

F agopyrum<br />

cymosum (Trev.) Meissn.<br />

esculenium Moench<br />

Fimbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

INDIA 135<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

136 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Fimbristylis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

albicans Nees<br />

alboviridis C.B. Clarke<br />

anisoclada Ohwi<br />

annua - see F. dichotoma<br />

argentea (Rottb.) Vahl<br />

barbata - see Bulbostylis barbata<br />

bis-umbellata (Forssk.) Bub.<br />

c<strong>in</strong>namometorum (Vahl) Kunth<br />

complanata (Retz.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

cymosa R. Br.<br />

cyperoides - see F.<br />

c<strong>in</strong>namometorum<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma<br />

dipsacea (Rottb.) Clarke<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

falcata (Vahl) Kunth<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea (L.) Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

junciformis - see F. falcata<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

monostachya - see F. ovata<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

ovata (Burm. f.) Kern<br />

podocarpa - see F. tomentosa<br />

polytrichoides (Retz.) R. Br.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangularis (Vahl) Kunth<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

sieberiana Kunth<br />

spathacea - see F. cymosa<br />

squarrosa Vahl<br />

subbispicata - see F. tristachya<br />

tenera Roem. & Schult.<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

umbellaria - see F. globulosa<br />

Fissendocarpa<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia<br />

Flaveria<br />

australasica Hook.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Culture<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Floscopa<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens Lour.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

glomerata - see F. ciliaris<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G al<strong>in</strong>soga<br />

ciliata (Raf.) Blake<br />

parviflora Cav.<br />

Galium<br />

spurium L.<br />

Geissaspis<br />

cristata Wight & Arn.<br />

tenella Benth.<br />

Geranium<br />

nepalense Sweet<br />

Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Glossostigma<br />

spathulatum Wight & Arn.<br />

Gnaphalium<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e - see G. luteo-album<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

luteo-album L.<br />

obtusifolium L.<br />

polycaulon - see G. obtusifolium<br />

pulv<strong>in</strong>atum Del.<br />

purpureum L.<br />

Gomphrena<br />

celosioides Mart.<br />

decumbens Jacq.<br />

Gonatanthus<br />

pumilus Engl. & Krause<br />

Grangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

pentaphylla - see G. gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Geraniaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

INDIA 137

138 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Gymnogramma<br />

colomelanos Kanlf.<br />

Gynura<br />

crepidioides - see<br />

Crassocephalum crepidioides<br />

H edyotis<br />

auriculata L.<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

diffusa L.<br />

fruticosa L.<br />

paniculata (L.) Lam.<br />

racemosa Lam.<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens Roxb.<br />

umbellata (L.) Lam.<br />

Heleocharis<br />

atropurpurea - see Eleocharis<br />

atropurpurea<br />

Heleochloa<br />

schoenoides - see Cryspis<br />

schoenoides<br />

Heliotropium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

ovalifolium Forssk.<br />

strigosum (L.) Willd.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>um L.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

protensa Nees ex Steud.<br />

Hemiadelphis<br />

polyspermus - see Hygrophila<br />

polysperma<br />

Hemigraphis<br />

hirta (Vahl) T. Anders.<br />

Heteranthera<br />

limosa (Sw.) Willd.<br />

reniformis Ruiz. & Pav.<br />

Polypodiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

LNS

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Heteropogon<br />

contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex<br />

Roem. & Schult.<br />

Hibiscus<br />

surattensis L.<br />

trionum L.<br />

Homalocenchrus<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>rus - see Leersia hex<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Hoppea<br />

dichotoma Willd.<br />

Hordeum<br />

mur<strong>in</strong>um L.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocharis<br />

cellulosa - see H. dubia<br />

dubia (BI.) Backer<br />

Hydrocotyle<br />

javanica Thunb.<br />

sibthorpioides Lam.<br />

Hydrodictyon<br />

reticulatum (L.) Lagerh.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

auriculata (Schum.) He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

difformis (L.f.) BI.<br />

helodes He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

phlomoides Nees<br />

polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anders.<br />

serpyllum (Nees) T. Anders.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa - see H. auriculata<br />

Hygroryza<br />

aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight &<br />

Arn.<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong><br />

assamica (Hook. f.) Hitchc.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Hydrodictyaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

INDIA 139

140 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Hymenachne (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

pseudo<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see H.<br />

acutigluma<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

patulum - see H. uralum<br />

uralum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don<br />

Hypochoeris<br />

radicata L.<br />

Hyptis<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

rhomboidea Mart. & Gal.<br />

l chanthus<br />

vic<strong>in</strong>us (F.M. Bail.) Merr.<br />

l lysanthes<br />

hyssopioides Benth.<br />

parviflora Benth.<br />

veronicaefolia Urb.<br />

Impatiens<br />

angustiflora Hook. f.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis L.<br />

fimbriata Hook.<br />

racemosa DC.<br />

radiata Hook. f.<br />

salicifolia Hook. f. & Thoms.<br />

lmperata<br />

arund<strong>in</strong>acea - see I. cyl<strong>in</strong>drica<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

lndigofera<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa Willd.<br />

hirsuta L.<br />

prostrata Willd.<br />

trifoliata L.<br />

lonidium<br />

suffiruticosum G<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Ipomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

carnea Jacq.<br />

hederacea (L.) Jacq.<br />

maxima (L.f.) Sweet<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Violaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

LNS<br />

DSR<br />

TPR,WSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Ipomoea (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

pes-tigridis L.<br />

reniformis - see Merremia<br />

emarg<strong>in</strong>ata<br />

repens - see I. aquatica<br />

reptans - see I. aquatica<br />

sepiaria - see I. maxima<br />

s<strong>in</strong>dica - see Convolvulus s<strong>in</strong>dicus<br />

triloba L.<br />

lsachne<br />

albens Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

australis - see I. himalaica<br />

clarkei Hook. f.<br />

dispar Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

elegans Dalz. ex Hook. f.<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

himalaica Hook. f.<br />

kunthiana (Wight & Arn. ex<br />

Steud.) Miq.<br />

meeboldii C.E.C. Fischer<br />

miliacea - see I. pulchella<br />

pauciflora Hack.<br />

pulchella Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

lschaemum<br />

aristatum - see I. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

ciliare - see I. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

laxum - see Sehmia nervosum<br />

pilosum (Kle<strong>in</strong> ex Willd.) Wight<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

santapaui Bor<br />

lseilema<br />

laxum Hack.<br />

prostratum (L.) Anderss.<br />

lsoetes<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>elianum L.f.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica P. & S.<br />

J uncellus<br />

laevigatus - see Cyperus<br />

laevigatus<br />

pygmaeus - see Cyperus<br />

pygmaeus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

lsoetaceae<br />

lsoetaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

DIR,NUR,TPR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

INDIA 141

142 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Juncus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

leschenaultii - see J.<br />

prismatocarpus<br />

prismatocarpus R. Br.<br />

Juncaceae<br />

Juncaceae<br />

Juncaceae<br />

Jussiaea<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia Onagraceae<br />

perennis - see Ludwigia perennis Onagraceae<br />

prostrata - see Ludwigia prostrata Onagraceae<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens Onagraceae<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia Onagraceae<br />

octovalvis<br />

Justicia<br />

adhatoda L. Acanthaceae<br />

diffusa Willd. Acanthaceae<br />

gendarussa L. Acanthaceae<br />

khasiana C.B. Clarke Acanthaceae<br />

procumbens L. Acanthaceae<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>queangularis Konig ex Roxb. Acanthaceae<br />

simplex D. Don Acanthaceae<br />

K yll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

brevifolia - see Cyperus brevifolius Cyperaceae<br />

melanosperma - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

melanospermus<br />

monocephala - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

t<strong>rice</strong>ps - see Cyperus t<strong>rice</strong>ps Cyperaceae<br />

L actuca<br />

runc<strong>in</strong>ata DC. Asteraceae<br />

Lagarosiphon<br />

roxburghii - see Necham<strong>and</strong>ra Hydrocharitaceae<br />

alternifolia<br />

Lagascea<br />

mollis Cav.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lagen<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

toxicaria Dalz.<br />

Araceae<br />

Lantana<br />

camara L.<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lathyrus<br />

aphaca L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DIR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Launaea<br />

asplenifolia (DC.) Hook. f.<br />

Leersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Welw.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L.<br />

oligorrhiza (Hegelm.) Kurz<br />

paucicostata - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis<br />

perpusilia - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis<br />

polyrhiza - see Spirodela polyrhiza<br />

trisulca L.<br />

Lepidagathis<br />

cristata Willd.<br />

Leptadenia<br />

reticulata Wight<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray<br />

filiformis (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

panicoides - see Arund<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

leptochloa<br />

Leucas<br />

aspera (Willd.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

capitata Desf.<br />

cephalotes - see L. capitata<br />

Ciliata Benth.<br />

lav<strong>and</strong>ulaefolium - see L. l<strong>in</strong>ifolia<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia (Roth) Spreng.<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

cristatum - see Nymphoides<br />

cristata<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Nymphoides <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Limnophila<br />

aquatica (Roxb.) Alston<br />

aromatica (Lam.) Merr.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osbeck.) Merr.<br />

conferata - see L. repens<br />

gratioloides - see L.<strong>in</strong>dica<br />

gratissima - see L. aromatica<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Asclepiadaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDIA 143

144 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Limnophila (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Druce<br />

micrantha (Benth.) Benth.<br />

racemosa - see L. aquatica<br />

repens (Benth.) Benth.<br />

sessiliflora BI.<br />

Limnophyton<br />

obtusifolium (L.) Miq.<br />

Limnopoa<br />

meeboldii (Fischer) C.E. Hubb.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

angustifolia - see L. aragattis<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

aragattis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

Ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

cordifolia - see L. anagallis<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

hirta - see L. pusilla<br />

hookeri (C.B. Clarke) Wettst.<br />

hyssopioides (L.) Ha<strong>in</strong>es<br />

multiflora (Roxb.) Mukerjee<br />

parviflora (Roxb.) Ha<strong>in</strong>es<br />

procumbens (Krock.) Philcox<br />

pusilla (Willd.) Bold.<br />

rualloides (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

tenuifolia (Colsm.) Alston<br />

urticaefolia (Hance) Bonati<br />

verbenaefolia - see L. antipoda<br />

viscosa (Hornem.) Bold.<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

argentea - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth<br />

Lippia<br />

alba N.E. Br. ex Brit.<br />

citriodora (Lam.) Kunth<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>ata Kunth<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

angulata Forst.<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Lobelia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

trialata - see L. als<strong>in</strong>oides<br />

trigona - see L. als<strong>in</strong>oides<br />

Lochnera<br />

pusilla - see Catharanthus pusillus<br />

Lophatherum<br />

gracile Brongn.<br />

Lotus<br />

corniculatus L.<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

decurrens Walt.<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

parviflora - see L. perennis<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

Lycopodium<br />

cernuum L.<br />

Lygodium<br />

flexuosum (L.) Sw.<br />

Lysimachia<br />

obovata Buch.-Ham.<br />

Lythrum<br />

salicaria L.<br />

M ariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

microcephalus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>eliana Burm.<br />

erosus - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

quadrifoliata - see M. quadrifolia<br />

Matricaria<br />

matricarioides - see Chamomilla<br />

suaveolens<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Apocynaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Lycopodiaceae<br />

Schizaceae<br />

Primulaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

INDIA 145<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR

146 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Mazus<br />

japonicus (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

pumilus (Burm. f.) Steen.<br />

rugosus - see M. pumilus<br />

Medicago<br />

lupul<strong>in</strong>a L.<br />

Melastoma<br />

rnalabathricum L.<br />

Melica<br />

bulbosa Geyer ex Port. & Coult.<br />

subulata (Griseb.) Scribn.<br />

Melilotus<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) All.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Melothria<br />

rnaderaspatana (L.) Cogn.<br />

Merremia<br />

emarg<strong>in</strong>ata (Burm f.) Hall. f.<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

tridentata - see Xenostegia<br />

tridentata<br />

Mesona<br />

palustris BI.<br />

Microchloa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.f.) Beauv.<br />

Microstegium<br />

vim<strong>in</strong>eum (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) A. Camus<br />

Mikania<br />

micrantha Kunth<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mitrasacme<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides R. Br.<br />

Mnesithea<br />

laevis (Retz.) Kunth<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Loganiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

WSR<br />

DIR<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Mollugo<br />

cerviana (L.) Ser.<br />

hirta - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us lotoides<br />

lotoides - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us lotoides<br />

oppositifolia - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

oppositifolius<br />

pentaphylla L.<br />

spergula - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us oppositifolius<br />

stricta - see M. pentaphylla<br />

Moniera<br />

cuneifolia - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastaefolia - see M. hastata<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Muhlenbergia<br />

huegelii Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Murdannia<br />

keisak (Hassk.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Mass.<br />

malabarica - see M. nudiflora<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>ata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

versicolor (Dalz.) Bruckn.<br />

Mussaenda<br />

erythrophylla Schum. & Thonn.<br />

Myosotis<br />

caespitosa Schultz<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

alternifolium DC.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum Willd.<br />

spicatum L.<br />

tetr<strong>and</strong>rum Roxb.<br />

tuberculatum Roxb.<br />

N ajas<br />

foveolata - see N. <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Cham.<br />

malesiana De Wilde<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or All.<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

INDIA 147

148 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Nasturtium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicurn - see Rorippa <strong>in</strong>dica Brassicaceae<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>ale R. Br.<br />

Necham<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

alternifolia (Roxb.) Thw.<br />

Nelumbium<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

nelumbo (L.) Druce Nelumbonaceae<br />

speciosum - see Nelumbo nucifera Nelumbonaceae<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Neptunia<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

oleracea Lour.<br />

Nesaea<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

brevipes (Wight & Arn.) Koehne<br />

Nic<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Lythraceae<br />

physalodes (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Nitella<br />

Solanaceae<br />

sp.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

Characeae<br />

cyanea Roxb. Nymphaceae<br />

nouchali Burm. f. Nymphaceae<br />

rubra Roxb. ex Salisb. Nymphaceae<br />

stellata - see N. nouchali Nymphaceae<br />

cristata (Roxb.) O.K.<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

macrospermum Vasudevan<br />

peltatum (Gmel.) Britten & Rendle<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

lotus L. Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphoides<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oenanthe<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

benghalensis - see O. javanica Apiaceae<br />

javanica (BI.) DC. Apiaceae<br />

stolonifera - see O. javanica<br />

Oenothera<br />

Apiaceae<br />

drummondii Hook. f.<br />

Onagraceae<br />

rosea L'Her. ex Ait.<br />

Onagraceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

aspera DC.<br />

biflora - see Hedyotis racemosa<br />

corymbosa - see Hedyotis<br />

corymbosa<br />

dichotoma H.K. f.<br />

diffusa - see Hedyotis diffusa<br />

fruticosa - see Hedyotis fruticosa<br />

heynei Br.<br />

nudicaulis Roth<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis DC.<br />

paniculata - see Hedyotis<br />

paniculata<br />

umbellata - see Hedyotis<br />

umbellata<br />

Ophiuros<br />

exaltus (L.) O.K.<br />

Oplismenus<br />

burmanii (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

compositus (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Oryza<br />

barthii A. Chev.<br />

breviligulata - see O. barthii<br />

coll<strong>in</strong>a - see O. offic<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis Wall. ex Watt<br />

perennis (annual) - see O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

perennis (perennial) - see O.<br />

rufipogon<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

sativa var. fatua - see O. nivara,<br />

O. rufipogon, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

INDIA 149<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

LNS<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL

150 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Osbeckia<br />

capitata Benth.<br />

cr<strong>in</strong>ita Benth.<br />

glauca Naud.<br />

nepalensis Hook. f.<br />

rostrata D. Don<br />

Oscillatoria<br />

sp.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Oxalis<br />

acetosella L.<br />

corniculata L.<br />

corymbosa DC.<br />

latifolia Kunth<br />

P anicum<br />

antidotale Retz.<br />

atrosangu<strong>in</strong>eum Hochst. ex A.<br />

Rich.<br />

auritum Presl ex Nees<br />

austroasiaticum - see P. walense<br />

brevifolium L.<br />

cambogiense Balansa<br />

capillare L.<br />

cl<strong>and</strong>est<strong>in</strong>um L.<br />

colonum - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa colona<br />

crus-galli - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

crus-galli<br />

dichotomiflorum (L.) Michx.<br />

fasciculatum Sw.<br />

fluitans - see Paspalidium<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum<br />

humile - see P. walense<br />

<strong>in</strong>terruptum - see Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta<br />

isachne - see Brachiaria<br />

eruciformis<br />

javanicum - see Urochloa<br />

panicoides<br />

maximum Jacq.<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Oscillatoriaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DIR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Panicum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

miliaceum L.<br />

miliare - see P. antidotale<br />

myurus - see Sacciolepis myurus<br />

paludosum Roxb.<br />

paspaloides - see Paspalidium<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum<br />

proliferum Rank<br />

psilopodium Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

purpurascens - see Brachiaria<br />

mutica<br />

ramosum - see Brachiaria ramosa<br />

repens L.<br />

rugosum - see P. verrucosum<br />

texanum Buckl.<br />

trypheron Schult.<br />

verrucosum Muhl.<br />

walense Mez<br />

Parthenium<br />

hysterophorus L.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

punctatum (Burm.) A. Camus<br />

scrobiculatum - see Paspalum<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

Paspalum<br />

commersonii - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

distichum L.<br />

fasciculatum Willd. ex Fluegge<br />

notatum Fluegge<br />

orbiculare - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

paspalodes - see P. distichum<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>ale - see Digitaria<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

thunbergii Kunth ex Steud.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Pastrilichum<br />

punctulum (Burm.) A. Camus<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR, UPL, WSR<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

INDIA 151<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,UPL<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

152 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Pedalium<br />

murex L.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

flaccidurn Griseb.<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

orientale Rich.<br />

pedicellatum Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

typhoides - see P. glaucum<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Perotis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Phalaris<br />

arund<strong>in</strong>acea L.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

ricciard<strong>in</strong>us - see Vigna urnbellata<br />

trilobus - see Vigna trilobata<br />

Phleum<br />

paniculatum Huds.<br />

Phormidium<br />

sp.<br />

Phragmites<br />

karka (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

amarus Schum. & Thonn.<br />

asperulatus - see P. fraternus<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

maderaspatensis L.<br />

niruri - see P. fraternus<br />

simplex - see P. virgatus<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L.<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Physalis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

peruviana L.<br />

Pedaliaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oscillatoriaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Pithophora<br />

sp.<br />

Plantago<br />

lanceolata L.<br />

major L.<br />

Plectranthus<br />

japonicus (Thunb.) Koidz.<br />

Pluchea<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Less.<br />

tomentosa Less.<br />

Poa<br />

angustifolia - see P. pratensis<br />

annua L.<br />

pratensis L.<br />

Pogonatherum<br />

cr<strong>in</strong>itum (Thunb.) Kunth<br />

Pogostemon<br />

auricularius (L.) Hassk.<br />

brachystachys Benth.<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Polanisia<br />

viscosa - see Cleome viscosa<br />

Polycarpon<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see P. prostratum<br />

loefl<strong>in</strong>giae - see P. prostratum<br />

prostratum Pax.<br />

Polygala<br />

glomerata Lour.<br />

Polygonum<br />

alatum - see P. nepalense<br />

amphibium L.<br />

barbatum L.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ense L.<br />

donii Meissn.<br />

flaccidum Meissn.<br />

glabrum Willd.<br />

glomerata Lour.<br />

hydropiper L.<br />

Araceae<br />

Cladophoraceae<br />

Plantag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Plantag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

INDIA 153

154 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Polygonum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

lapathifolium L.<br />

limbatum Meissn.<br />

microcephalum D. Don<br />

m<strong>in</strong>us Huds.<br />

nepalense Meissn.<br />

orientale L.<br />

persicaria L.<br />

plebeium R. Br.<br />

posumbu Ham.<br />

praetermissum Hook. f.<br />

serrulatum Lag.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>um Ham. ex Meissn.<br />

Polypogon<br />

fugax Nees ex Steud.<br />

higagaweri - see P. fugax<br />

monospeliensis (L.) Desf.<br />

Polytoca<br />

barbata - see Chionachne koenigii<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

pilosa L.<br />

quadrifida L.<br />

Potamogeton<br />

crispus L.<br />

dist<strong>in</strong>ctus A. Benn.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus - see P. nodosus<br />

miduhikimo Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

nodosus Poir.<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>rus Poir.<br />

pect<strong>in</strong>atus L.<br />

perfoliatus L.<br />

perversus A. Benn.<br />

Potentilla<br />

kle<strong>in</strong>iana Wight & Arn.<br />

mooniana Wight<br />

wallichiana - see P. kle<strong>in</strong>iana<br />

Pouzolzia<br />

bennettiana Wight<br />

zeylanica (L.) Benn<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

Potamogetonaceae NSP<br />

Potamogetonaceae TPR<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae NSP<br />

Potamogetonaceae TPR<br />

Potamogetonaceae NSP<br />

Potamogetonaceae LNS<br />

Potamogetonaceae LNS<br />

Potamogetonaceae NSP<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Urticaceae<br />

Urticaceae<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Pratia<br />

begonifolia L<strong>in</strong>dl<br />

Prunella<br />

vulgaris L.<br />

Pseudech<strong>in</strong>oclaena<br />

polystachya (Kunth) Stapf<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

brunoniana Griff.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickery<br />

Psilotrichum<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>eum (Roxb.) Moq.<br />

Psoralea<br />

corylifolia L.<br />

Pteris<br />

biaurita L.<br />

lunulata Retz.<br />

Pycreus<br />

capillaris - see Cyperus flavidus<br />

globosus - see Cyperus flavidus<br />

macrostachyos - see Cyperus<br />

macrostachyos<br />

nitens - see Cyperus pumilis<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus<br />

polystachyos<br />

pumilus - see Cyperus pumilus<br />

puncticulatus - see Cyperus<br />

procerus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

stram<strong>in</strong>eus - see Cyperus<br />

substram<strong>in</strong>eus<br />

R anunculus<br />

sceleratus L.<br />

trichophyllus Chaix<br />

Rhynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

submarg<strong>in</strong>ata Kuk.<br />

wightiana (Nees) Steud.<br />

Richardsonia<br />

pilosa Kunth<br />

Campanulaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Pteridaceae<br />

Pteridaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

INDIA 155

156 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Rikliella<br />

squarrosa - see Scirpus<br />

squarrosus<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

nasturtium-aquaticum - see<br />

Nasturtium offic<strong>in</strong>ale<br />

Rotala<br />

baccifera - see Ammannia<br />

baccifera<br />

densiflora (Roth) Koehne<br />

fimbriata Wight<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

leptopetala - see R. rosea<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Blatt. & Hallb.<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook<br />

rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D.<br />

Clayton<br />

compressa - see Hemarthria<br />

compressa<br />

exaltata - see R. coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Rubia<br />

cordifolia L.<br />

Rubus<br />

moluccanus - see R.<br />

p<strong>in</strong>natisepalus<br />

p<strong>in</strong>natisepalus Hemsl.<br />

Rumex<br />

dentatus L.<br />

nepalensis Spreng.<br />

Rungia<br />

parviflora Nees<br />

pect<strong>in</strong>ata (L.) Nees<br />

repens (L.) Nees<br />

Ruppia<br />

maritima L.<br />

S accharum<br />

bengalense Retz.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

LNS,NUR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

Potamogetonaceae NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

Poaceae UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Saccharum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

munja - see S. bengalense Poaceae<br />

spontaneum L. Poaceae<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

angusta - see S. <strong>in</strong>dica Poaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase Poaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (Willd.) Stapf Poaceae<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus Poaceae<br />

myurus (Lam.) A. Chase Poaceae<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

Alismataceae<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

Alismataceae<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia Alismataceae<br />

trifolia L. Alismataceae<br />

Salvia<br />

plebeia R. Br. Lamiaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

auriculata - see S. molesta Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

natans (L.) All.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Sarcostemma<br />

secamone (L.) Bennet Asclepiadaceae<br />

Schoenoplectus<br />

articulatus - see Scirpus articulatus Cyperaceae<br />

corymbosus (Roth ex Roem. & Cyperaceae<br />

Schult.) J. Raynal<br />

juncoides - see Scirpus juncoides Cyperaceae<br />

lateriflorus - see Scirpus lateriflorus Cyperaceae<br />

roylei (Nees) Lye Cyperaceae<br />

Scirpus<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>is - see S. maritimus Cyperaceae<br />

articulatus L. Cyperaceae<br />

dubius - see Eleocharis dulcis Cyperaceae<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides Cyperaceae<br />

grossus L.f. Cyperaceae<br />

hotarui - see S. juncoides Cyperaceae<br />

juncoides Roxb. Cyperaceae<br />

lacustris L. Cyperaceae<br />

lateriflorus Gmel. Cyperaceae<br />

litoralis Schrad. Cyperaceae<br />

maritimus L. Cyperaceae<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

INDIA 157<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DSR<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR

158 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Scirpus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

michelianus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

pauciflorus - see Eleocharis<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>queflora<br />

roylei (Nees) Parker<br />

squarrosus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

triqueter - see S. lacustris<br />

tuberosus - see Eleocharis dulcis<br />

wallichii Nees<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

novae-holl<strong>and</strong>iae Boeck.<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Scutellaria<br />

discolor Colebr.<br />

galericulata L.<br />

Secamone<br />

emetica F. Muell.<br />

Sehima<br />

nervosum (Rottl.) Stapf<br />

Selag<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

decipens Warb.<br />

Senecio<br />

chrysanthemoides DC.<br />

Senna<br />

hirsuta (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

occidentalis (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Sesbania<br />

aculeata - see S. bisp<strong>in</strong>osa<br />

bisp<strong>in</strong>osa (Jacq.) Wight<br />

cannab<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) Poir.<br />

exaltata (Raf.) Cory<br />

javanica Miq.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Asclepiadaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Selag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Sesbania (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

paludosa - see S. javanica<br />

procumbens (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.<br />

Seseli<br />

diffusum (Roxb. ex Sm.)<br />

Santapu & Wagh<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica Wight & Arn.<br />

Setaria<br />

glauca - see Pennisetum glaucum<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedia Roem. & Schult.<br />

italica (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

pallide-fusca - see S. pumila<br />

palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

rhachitricha (Hochst.) Rendle<br />

verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

viridis (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

alba L.<br />

carp<strong>in</strong>ifolia L.f.<br />

cordifolia L.<br />

retusa - see S. rhombifolia<br />

rhombifolia L.<br />

rhomboidea Roxb.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa - see S. alba<br />

Siegesbeckia<br />

orientalis L.<br />

Sium<br />

latijugum Clarke<br />

Smithia<br />

conferata Sm.<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>iflora Roth<br />

sensitiva Ait.<br />

Solanum<br />

khasianum C.B. Clarke<br />

myriacanthum Dunn<br />

nigrum L.<br />

sisymbriifolium Lam.<br />

torvum L.<br />

xanthocarpum Schrad. & W<strong>in</strong>dl.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

INDIA 159

160 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Sonchus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

oleraceus L.<br />

Sopubia<br />

delph<strong>in</strong>ifolia Don<br />

Sorghum<br />

bicolor (L.) Moench<br />

halepense (L.) Pers.<br />

Sparganium<br />

ramosum Curt.<br />

Spermacoce<br />

hispida - see Borreria articularis<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

mollis Roxb.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spilanthes<br />

acmella - see S. iabadicensis<br />

iabadicensis A.H. Moore<br />

paniculata Wall. ex DC.<br />

Spiranthes<br />

s<strong>in</strong>ensis (Pers.) Ames<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

Spirogyra<br />

longata (Vaucher) Kuetz.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

africanus (Poir.) Rob. & Tourn.<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>elianus (Retz.) Kunth<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus - see S. africanus<br />

tremulus (Willd.) Kunth<br />

Stachytarpheta<br />

dichotoma Vahl<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Vahl<br />

Staurogyne<br />

glut<strong>in</strong>osa (CI.) O.K.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sparganiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Orchidaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Zygnemataceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DIR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,NUR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Stellaria<br />

als<strong>in</strong>e Grimm<br />

Caryophyllaceae TPR<br />

longissima Wall.<br />

Caryophyllaceae NSP<br />

ulig<strong>in</strong>osa - see S. als<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Stemodia<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

viscosa Roxb.<br />

Striga<br />

Scrophulariaceae DIR,TPR<br />

angustifolia (D. Don) Saldanha Scrophulariaceae NSP<br />

asiatica (L.) O.K.<br />

Scrophulariaceae NSP<br />

euphrasioides - see S. angustifolia Scrophulariaceae<br />

lutea - see S. asiatica<br />

Stylidium<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides R. Br.<br />

Stylidaceae NSP<br />

kunthii Wall. ex DC.<br />

Stylidaceae NSP<br />

tenellum Sw.<br />

Stylosanthes<br />

Stylidaceae NSP<br />

humilis Kunth<br />

Fabaceae (P) NSP<br />

sundaica - see S. humilis<br />

Sutera<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

dissecta - see S. gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa Scrophulariaceae<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa Roth.<br />

Swertia<br />

Scrophulariaceae NSP<br />

cordata Wall.<br />

Synedrella<br />

Gentianaceae NSP<br />

nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.<br />

T agetes<br />

Asteraceae UPL<br />

erecta L.<br />

Asteraceae NSP<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

Asteraceae NSP<br />

patula L.<br />

Tal<strong>in</strong>um<br />

Asteraceae NSP<br />

triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.<br />

Tenagocharis<br />

Portulacaceae NSP<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch.<br />

Tephrosia<br />

Butomaceae DIR,TPR<br />

dichotoma - see T. pumila Fabaceae (P)<br />

hamiltonii - see T. purpurea Fabaceae (P)<br />

pumila (Lam.) Pers.<br />

Fabaceae (P) UPL<br />

purpurea (L.) Pers.<br />

Fabaceae (P) TPR,UPL<br />

INDIA 161

162 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Thelepogon<br />

elegans Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Themeda<br />

quadrivalis (L.) O.K.<br />

Thlaspi<br />

arvense L.<br />

Thysanolaena<br />

maxima (Roxb.) O.K.<br />

Torenia<br />

crustacea - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

crustacea<br />

diffusa - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia anagallis<br />

parviflora Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.<br />

violacea (Azaola ex Blanco)<br />

Pennell<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trachys<br />

muricata (L.) Pers.<br />

Trapa<br />

bisp<strong>in</strong>osa Roxb.<br />

Triantherna<br />

monogyna - see T. portulacastrum<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Tribulus<br />

terrestris L.<br />

Trichodesma<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (L.) R. Br.<br />

Tridax<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Trifolium<br />

pratense L.<br />

repens L.<br />

Triurnfetta<br />

rhomboidea Jacq.<br />

Typha<br />

angustata - see T. angustifolia<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Trapaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Zygophyllaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Typha (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

elephant<strong>in</strong>a Roxb.<br />

latifolia L.<br />

U rena<br />

lobata L.<br />

Urochloa<br />

helopus - see U. panicoides<br />

panicoides P. Beauv.<br />

Utricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

exoleta R. Br.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

gibba L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>flexa - see U. muelleri<br />

muelleri Kamienski<br />

reticulata Smith<br />

stellaris L.f.<br />

ulig<strong>in</strong>osa Vahl<br />

V ahlia<br />

digyna (Retz.) O.K.<br />

Vallisneria<br />

spiralls L.<br />

V<strong>and</strong>ellia<br />

angustifolia - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis<br />

crustacea (L.) Benth.<br />

pedunculata Benth.<br />

sessiliflora Benth.<br />

Vaucheria<br />

sp.<br />

Verbena<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis L.<br />

Vernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

Veronica<br />

anagallis-aquatica L.<br />

beccabunga L.<br />

bilboa L.<br />

secunda Pennell<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Saxifragaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Vaucheriaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

UPL<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDIA 163

164 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides (L.) Nash<br />

Vicia<br />

Poaceae<br />

hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

sativa L.<br />

Vicoa<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Vigna<br />

Asteraceae<br />

trilobata (L.) Verdc.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi<br />

Volvulopsis<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

nummularia (L.) Roberty<br />

W ahlenbergia<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

gracilis - see W. marg<strong>in</strong>ata Campanulaceae<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata (Thunb.) DC.<br />

Wolffia<br />

Campanulaceae<br />

arrhiza (L.) Wimm.<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

globosa (Roxb.) Hartog & Plas Lemnaceae<br />

microscopia Kurz<br />

X anthium<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

strumarium L.<br />

Xenostegia<br />

Asteraceae<br />

tridentata (L.) Aust<strong>in</strong> & Staples<br />

Xyris<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

capensis Thunb.<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

schoenoides - see X. capensis<br />

Y oungia<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

japonica (L.) DC.<br />

Z anichellia<br />

Asteraceae<br />

palustris L.<br />

Zornia<br />

Zanichelliaceae<br />

diphylla (L.) Pers. Fabaceae (P)<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,NUR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DIR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> India.<br />

INDIA 165<br />

Adlakha P K, Srivastava A K, Sirohi S S, Sharma V K (1971) Weed flora of Ludhiana. Indian J.<br />

Weed Sci. 3:37-43.<br />

Ali A M (1984) Effect of time of herbicide application on <strong>rice</strong>s of different durations. Int Rice Res.<br />

Newsl. 9(6):21-22.<br />

Ali A M, Sankaran S (1984) Crop-weed competition <strong>in</strong> direct seeded flooded <strong>and</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed bunded<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 9(2):22.<br />

All India Co-ord<strong>in</strong>ated Rice Research Programme (1983) All India co-ord<strong>in</strong>ated research<br />

programme on weed control. Weed research <strong>and</strong> herbicide residue studies <strong>in</strong> cultivated<br />

crops. First annual progress report 6-1-1982 to 31-3-1983. Tamil Nadu Agricultural<br />

University, Coimbatore, India.<br />

Ambasht R S (1974) Ecological implication <strong>in</strong> the control measures of freshwater aquatic weeds.<br />

Paper presented at the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974,<br />

Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Ambasht R S, Lal B (1979) Ecological researches on weeds of north India - a review. Pages 339-<br />

341 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 7th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society, Sydney, Australia.<br />

Angiras N N, S<strong>in</strong>gh C M (1985) Weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Himachal Pradesh <strong>and</strong> their management.<br />

Farmer <strong>and</strong> Parliament 20(9):25-27.<br />

Anonymous 1963. Weed control trials <strong>in</strong> India. Rice Newsteller 11 (4):83-85.<br />

Appala Naidu B, Ch<strong>and</strong>ra S<strong>in</strong>gh D J (1961) Studies on the effects of certa<strong>in</strong> chlorophenoxy<br />

compounds on <strong>rice</strong> crop (Oryza sativa L.) <strong>and</strong> weeds. Andhra Agric. J. 8:1-9.<br />

Appala Naidu B, Satyanarayana Murty M, Subba Rao I V (1966) Pre-plant<strong>in</strong>g herbicidal<br />

treatments to control weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Andhra Agric. J. 13(3):87-94.<br />

Arceo L M, Negi N S, Mercado G L, Thompson R P (1979) Field performance of butachlor <strong>and</strong><br />

butachlor plus 2, 4-D on lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> weeds <strong>in</strong> India <strong>and</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es from 1975 to 1978.<br />

Pages 285-291 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 7th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference.<br />

<strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Sydney, Australia.<br />

Balach<strong>and</strong>ran Nair G K, Balakrishna Pillai P. Madhavan Nair K P, Sasidhar V K (1979) Relative<br />

efficiency of different herbicides on <strong>rice</strong> under semi dry conditions. Agric. Res. J Kerala<br />

17:14-17.<br />

Balyan R S (1982) Paddy herbicides: weed control <strong>and</strong> residual effect. Pesticides 16(12):15-16.<br />

Bennet S S R (1979) Flora of Howrah District. Periodical Expert Book Agency, New Delhi, India.<br />

Bhagat R K, Prasad S C, S<strong>in</strong>ha P N, S<strong>in</strong>gh A P (1977) Effectiveness of pre-emergence<br />

application of weedicides <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 9:9-13.<br />

Bhan V M (1966) Effect of amitrol-T <strong>and</strong> sodium 2,4-D on yield of upl<strong>and</strong> paddy (Oryza sativa L.)<br />

<strong>and</strong> on associated weeds. II Riso 15:301-304.<br />

Bhan V M, Maurya R A, S<strong>in</strong>gh M (1972) Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary performance study of herbicides for drilled<br />

<strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> northern India. II Riso 21:179-182.<br />

Bhan V M, S<strong>in</strong>gh M, Maurya R A (1970) Weed control <strong>in</strong> field crops at Patnagar. India - Research<br />

report 1968-69. PANS 16:690-701.<br />

Bhardwaj R B L. Verma R D (1959) The chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Indian J. Agron.<br />

4:123-129.<br />

Bharucha F R, Karnik C R (1960) Ecological studies of the weed flora of the <strong>rice</strong> fields of<br />

Bombay <strong>and</strong> Salsette Isl<strong>and</strong>s. J. Biol. Sci. 3(1):30-37.<br />

Bharucha F R, Shah C B (1959) Ecological studies of weeds of <strong>rice</strong>fields of Bombay. J. Univ.<br />

Bombay 28:17-23.<br />

Bhatnagar O K, Sharma S N (1975) Comparative study of different methods of seed<strong>in</strong>g on the<br />

yield of <strong>rice</strong> with <strong>and</strong> without weed<strong>in</strong>g. Indian J. Agron. 20:58-59.<br />

Bhattacharya S P, Kothari S K, Kole A K, M<strong>and</strong>al B B (1984) Herbicidal <strong>and</strong> cultural method of<br />

weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pestology 8(9):23-24.

166 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Bhol B B, S<strong>in</strong>gh K N (1987) Weed control <strong>in</strong> irrigated wet <strong>and</strong> dry seeded <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> mediumtextured<br />

soils of northwestern India. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 12(4):46.<br />

Bir S S, Sidhu M (1974) Observations on the weed flora of cultivable l<strong>and</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Punjab paddy<br />

fields <strong>in</strong> Patiala District. Geobios 1 :156-159.<br />

Bisen C R, Patel J P (1973) Controll<strong>in</strong>g weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields with herbicides. Mysore J. Agric. Sci.<br />

7:43-49.<br />

Bisht P S, P<strong>and</strong>ey P C, Lal P (1987) Agronomic <strong>and</strong> economic evaluation of herbicides <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 12(2):36-37.<br />

Biswas K, Calder C C (1937) H<strong>and</strong>book of common water <strong>and</strong> marsh plants of India <strong>and</strong> Burma,<br />

1936. Health Bull. 24 (Malaria Bur. 11). Government Press, New Delhi, India 140 p.<br />

Bor N L (1960) The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India <strong>and</strong> Pakistan. Pergamon Press, New York,<br />

USA.<br />

Boraiah G, Gowda B (1981) Biology of some obnoxious weeds of Karnataka. Pages 209-214 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 8th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society, Bangalore, India.<br />

Borgoha<strong>in</strong> M, Upadhaya L P (1980) Efficiency of butachlor, propanil <strong>and</strong> 2.4-D <strong>in</strong> controll<strong>in</strong>g<br />

weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 12:145-150.<br />

Chacko A J, Balakrishnan M P, Narayanan P K (1964) Weed control <strong>in</strong> 'Cole' areas of Trichul<br />

District. Rice Newsteller 12(1):28.<br />

Chakraborty T (1973) Nature of competition between weeds <strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> for nitrogen under dryl<strong>and</strong><br />

conditions. Exp. Agric. 9:219-223.<br />

Chakraborty T, Majumdar S (1973) Efficiency <strong>and</strong> economics of different methods of weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> their residual effect on mustard. Indian Agric. 17:169-179.<br />

Chakravarty A K (1957) Weed flora of paddy fields of West Bengal. Indian Agric. 1:19-26.<br />

Ch<strong>and</strong>ra S<strong>in</strong>gh D J, Narayana Rao K (1970) Studies on weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci.<br />

2:31-36.<br />

Ch<strong>and</strong>ra S<strong>in</strong>gh D J, Narayana Rao K (1973) Weed flora of Andhra Pradesh. PANS 19:223-229.<br />

Ch<strong>and</strong>ra S<strong>in</strong>gh D J, Narayana Rao K (1975) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> flooded <strong>rice</strong>. lnt. Rice<br />

Comm. Newsl. 24(2):86-87.<br />

Ch<strong>and</strong>ra S<strong>in</strong>gh D J, Narayana Rao K (1976) Weed control by chemicals Sree Lakshmi Press,<br />

Andhra Pradesh, India.<br />

Ch<strong>and</strong>rakar B L, Ch<strong>and</strong>rawanshi B R (1985) Comparative study of cultivation method <strong>and</strong> weed<br />

management system on the yield potential of <strong>rice</strong> under puddled condition. Trop. Pest<br />

Manage. 31:30-32.<br />

Ch<strong>and</strong>rasekharan K, Sr<strong>in</strong>ivasan V (1977) Two less known weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Page 280 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the weed science conference 1977. Indian Society of Weed Science,<br />

Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.<br />

Chatterjee B N, Maiti S (1979) Rice production technology manual. Oxford <strong>and</strong> IBH Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Co., Calcutta, India. 139 p.<br />

Chatterjee B N, M<strong>and</strong>al B B, M<strong>and</strong>al B (1971) Studies on herbicides for controll<strong>in</strong>g weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. II Riso 20:177-181.<br />

Chaudhry M S, Bedekar A R (1968) Optimum dose <strong>and</strong> volume of liquid spray of herbicides for<br />

weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Oryza 5(1):70.<br />

Chaudhuri A B, Naithani H B (1985) A comprehensive ecological-botanical survey of the grasses<br />

(Gram<strong>in</strong>eae) <strong>and</strong> sedges (Cyperaceae). Part IV. International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun,<br />

India.<br />

Chaudhuri A B, Naithani H B (1985) A comprehensive eco-botanical survey Of monocotyledons.<br />

Part V. International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun, India.<br />

Chaudhury R L (1971) Studies on paddy crop weeds of Basti <strong>and</strong> adjacent Nepal. Oryza<br />

8(2):63-70.<br />

Chauhan D V S, Patil N S, Khan R A, Dube B P, Ch<strong>and</strong>rakar B L, Kashyap M L, Choubey S D<br />

(1975) A note on weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted dwarf <strong>rice</strong>. PANS 21:175-176.

INDIA 167<br />

Chela G S, Gill H S (1980) Chemical control of Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa crus-galli <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> (Oryza<br />

sativa). Indian J. Weed Sci. 12:7-14.<br />

Choubey S D, Patel J P, Misra S N, Nema M L. Khare B M (1965) Control of weeds <strong>in</strong> wheat <strong>and</strong><br />

paddy crops. Indian J. Agron. 10:194-200.<br />

Choudhary B S, Upadhyay U C (1979) Studies on weed management <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> paddy. Page 36<br />

<strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Indian Society of Weed Science, 1979 Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g. Marathwada<br />

Agricultural University, Parbhani, India.<br />

Cook C D K (1981) Polymorphic dispersal units <strong>in</strong> aquatic macrophytes. Page 124 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts.<br />

13th International Botanical Congress. Sydney, Australia.<br />

Cooke T (1958) The flora of the presidency of Bombay. Vol. I-Ill. Botanical Survey of India,<br />

Calcutta, India.<br />

Das N, Laloo R C (1977) Ecological studies on the floristic composition of weed flora <strong>in</strong> the<br />

agricultural l<strong>and</strong>s of some of the hill areas of Ja<strong>in</strong>tia Hills District, Meghalaya <strong>and</strong> their<br />

chemical control. Pages 53-74 <strong>in</strong> Studies on weeds <strong>and</strong> their control. D.N. Borthakur <strong>and</strong><br />

A.K. Ghosh, eds., Renaissance Pr<strong>in</strong>ters, Calcutta, India.<br />

Dash B, S<strong>in</strong>gh B (1984) Effect of weed control methods on growth <strong>and</strong> yield of unpuddled <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Indian J. Weed Sci. 16:11-16.<br />

Datta P C. Maiti R K (1963) Paddy field weeds of Midnapore District. Indian Agric. 7:137-165.<br />

Datta S C (1959) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control. Indian Agric. 3:26-36.<br />

Datta S C. Banerjee A K (1973) Weight <strong>and</strong> number of seeds. Pages 87-91 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

4th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society,<br />

Rotorua, New Zeal<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Datta S C, Banerjee A K (1975) Biology of weeds. Sci. Cult. 41:142-146.<br />

Datta S C, Banerjee A K (1976) Some aspects of the phenology of <strong>rice</strong>-field weeds. Acta Soc.<br />

Bot. Poloniae 45:285-299.<br />

Datta S C, Banerjee A K (1976) The weight <strong>and</strong> number of seeds produced by <strong>rice</strong> field weeds.<br />

PANS 22:257-263.<br />

Datta S C, Banerjee A K (1978) Useful weeds of West Bengal <strong>rice</strong>fields. Econ. Bot. 32:297-310.<br />

Datta S C. Banerjee B (1979) Recent development <strong>in</strong> cultivation of deep-water <strong>rice</strong>. Macco<br />

Agric. Dig. 4(1):9-16.<br />

De C C, Mukhopadhyay S K (1979) Efficiency of granular herbicides <strong>and</strong> cultural methods <strong>in</strong><br />

controll<strong>in</strong>g weeds of <strong>rice</strong>. Page 33 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Indian Society of Weed Science,<br />

1979 Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g. Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, India.<br />

De G C. Mukhopadhyay S K (1984) Weed flora <strong>in</strong> sub-humid lateritic belt of West Bengal, India.<br />

Indian J. Weed Sci. 16:101-115.<br />

De Datta S K, Hoque M Z (1982) <strong>Weeds</strong>, weed problems <strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> deepwater <strong>rice</strong><br />

areas Pages 427-442 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1981 <strong>in</strong>ternational deepwater <strong>rice</strong> workshop.<br />

International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Deshmukh M R, Trivedi K K. Tiwari J P (1987) Response of upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> to weed control<br />

methods. Int Rice Res. Newsl. 12(4):47.<br />

Devendra R. Ramach<strong>and</strong>ra Prasad T V, Krishnamurthy K, Prasad T G (1986) Comparative<br />

growth pattern of Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa spp. <strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> monoculture. Indian J. Weed Sci. 18:71-78.<br />

Dey B P (1977) Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary <strong>in</strong>vestigation of paddy field weeds of some localities of north-eastern<br />

India. Pages 22-28 <strong>in</strong> Studies on weeds <strong>and</strong> their control. D.N. Borthakur <strong>and</strong> A K. Ghosh,<br />

eds., Renaissance Pr<strong>in</strong>ters, Calcutta, India.<br />

Dhiman P C (1970) Studies on chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong> paddy. MS thesis, Himachal<br />

Agricultural College <strong>and</strong> Research Institute, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. 86 p.<br />

Dhiman P C. Aswasthi O P (1977) A survey of weed flora <strong>in</strong> paddy fields <strong>in</strong> mid-hills of Himachal.<br />

Indian J. Agric. Res. 11:181-184.<br />

Dixit R S, S<strong>in</strong>gh M M (1981) Studies on different weed control measures <strong>in</strong> direct seeded upl<strong>and</strong><br />

ra<strong>in</strong>fed paddy. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 30(1):38-42.

168 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Dixit S N, Tripathi R S, Srivastava T N (1968) Weed flora of paddy crop at Gorakhpur. Oryza<br />

5:38-44.<br />

Dodda Byre Gowda R S, Susheela Devi L (1984) Studies on efficacy of pendimethal<strong>in</strong> for paddy:<br />

I. Pesticides 18(12):13-15.<br />

Droupathi D D, George T V (1979) A note on the comparative efficiency of certa<strong>in</strong> herbicides <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong> fields. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 17(1):116-117.<br />

Dubey A N (1981) Biological control of weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Trop. Pest Manage. 27:143-144.<br />

Dutta T R, Rao C N, Gupta J N (1977) Evaluation of herbicides for direct sown <strong>rice</strong>. Page 175 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the weed science conference 1977. Indian Society of Weed Science,<br />

Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.<br />

Easwaran K S S (1979) Comparison of efficiency of some herbicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> crop on the yield.<br />

Page 40 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Indian Society of Weed Science, 1979 Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, India.<br />

Edward J C, Srivastava R N, S<strong>in</strong>gh R B (1963) <strong>Weeds</strong> of the Allahabad Agricultural Institute<br />

campus. Allahabad Farmer 37:1-44.<br />

Ganguli R N, Ghosh A K (1968) <strong>Weeds</strong> associated with cultivated crops of Tripura. Indian Agric.<br />

12:58-61.<br />

Gautam K C, Mani V S (1973) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> paddy nursery beds. Page 20 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d All India weed control sem<strong>in</strong>ar. Haryana Agricultural University,<br />

Hissar, India.<br />

George K (1959) A general survey of the weeds of Calcutta <strong>and</strong> its suburbs. Allahabad Farmer<br />

33:85-138.<br />

George K (1976) Studies on the chemical control of some important aquatic weeds of Kerala.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia, Ludwigia <strong>and</strong> Cyperus. Pages 255-262 <strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K.<br />

Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk, The Hague, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Ghosh A K (1982) Effectiveness of new herbicides to control weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. MS thesis,<br />

Visva-Bharati, College of Agriculture, Sr<strong>in</strong>iketan, West Bengal, India<br />

Ghosh A K, P<strong>and</strong>e P N (1967) DPA <strong>and</strong> Tok E-25 for weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Allahabad Farmer<br />

41:253-258.<br />

Ghosh B C, Sharma H C, S<strong>in</strong>gh M (1977) Method <strong>and</strong> time of weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Indian<br />

J. Weed Sci. 9:43-48.<br />

Ghosh B C, S<strong>in</strong>gh H B, Sharma H C, S<strong>in</strong>gh M (1975) Effect of time of weed removal on the<br />

performance of upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (Ratna) under ra<strong>in</strong>fed conditions of Varanasi. Indian J. Weed<br />

Sci. 7:42-48.<br />

Gidnavar V S, Shivan<strong>and</strong>aiah M P (1979) Influence of herbicides on growth <strong>and</strong> yield of<br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Curr. Res. 8:121-123.<br />

Gill H S, Bhatia R K, Mehra S P (1985) Effect of some herbicides on germ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> seedl<strong>in</strong>g<br />

growth of paddy ( Oryza sativa L.) <strong>and</strong> Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa crusgalli L. J. Res. Punjab Agric. Univ.<br />

22(1):167-170.<br />

Gill H S, Brar L S (1975) Important weedicides <strong>and</strong> their use. Prog. Farm<strong>in</strong>g 11(7):8-9.<br />

Gill H S, Brar L S (1975) Weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Prog. Farm<strong>in</strong>g 11(10):12-13.<br />

Gill H S, Brar L S (1982) Weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Prog. Farm<strong>in</strong>g 18(10):5.<br />

Gill H S, Kolar J S (1980) Efficacy of some d<strong>in</strong>itroanil<strong>in</strong>e <strong>and</strong> other herbicides for control of<br />

barnyard grass <strong>in</strong> transplanted paddy. Pesticides 14(8):32-34.<br />

Gill H S, Kolar J S (1981) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Prog. Farm<strong>in</strong>g 17(10):6-7.<br />

Gill H S, S<strong>and</strong>hu K S, S<strong>in</strong>gh T (1984) Weed flora Kharif crops of the Ludhiana, Ferozepur <strong>and</strong><br />

Faridkot districts of Punjab. Indian J. Weed Sci. 16:36-47.<br />

Gill H S, Walia U S (1987) Influence of pond<strong>in</strong>g water on the bioefficacy of herbicides <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> grown on light textured soil. Oryza 24:146-149.<br />

Gill H S, Walia U S, Brar L S (1987) Effective weed control. Prog. Farm<strong>in</strong>g 23(9):7,6.<br />

Gill R S. S<strong>in</strong>gh H (1977) Studies on herbicidal weed control <strong>in</strong> relation to different methods of<br />

sow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>rice</strong> (IR-8). Indian J. Agron. 22:193.

INDIA 169<br />

Gillil<strong>and</strong> H B (1971) A revised flora of Malaya. Vol. III. Grasses. Botanic Gardens, Government<br />

Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Office, S<strong>in</strong>gapore. 319 p.<br />

Gopal B (1982) Ecology of Typha species <strong>in</strong> India. Pages 20-28 <strong>in</strong> Sixth International<br />

Symposium on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>. European Weed Research Society, Vovi Sad, Yugoslavia.<br />

Gopal B K (1987) Water hyac<strong>in</strong>th. Aquatic plant studies 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The<br />

Netherl<strong>and</strong>s. 471 p.<br />

Gopal Naidu N, Bhan V M (1980) Effect of different groups of weeds <strong>and</strong> periods of weed free<br />

ma<strong>in</strong>tenance on the gra<strong>in</strong> yields of drilled <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 12:151-157.<br />

Gopalakrishna Pillai K (1973) Recent results of herbicide trials on <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> India. Paper presented<br />

at the International Rice Research Conference, 23-27 Apr 1973, International Rice Research<br />

Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Gopalakrishna Pillai K (1977) Integrated weed management <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Indian Farm<strong>in</strong>g 26(12):17-23.<br />

Gopalakrishna Pillai K (1981) L<strong>and</strong> preparation, methods of crop establishment <strong>and</strong> weed<br />

management practices <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 30(1):43-45.<br />

Gopalakrishna Pillai K, Krishnamurthy K, Ramprasad A S (1983) Performance of granular<br />

herbicides <strong>in</strong> wetl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Oryza 20:23-30.<br />

Gopalakrishna Pillai K, Rao M V (1974) Current status of herbicides research on <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> India.<br />

Paper presented at the International Rice Research Conference, 21-25 Apr 1974,<br />

International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Gopalakrishna Pillai K, Vamadevan V K, Subbaiah S B (1976) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

possibilities of chemical control. Indian J. Weed Sci. 8:77-87<br />

Gopalakrishnan R, Narayanan P K, Balakrishnan M P (1966) Effective weedicide for broadcast<br />

<strong>rice</strong> crop. Indian Farm<strong>in</strong>g 15(10):10-11.<br />

Gov<strong>in</strong>dra S, Dheer S (1980) Integrated weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Indian Farmers' Dig. 13(5-6):19-22.<br />

Graham J (1839) A catalogue of the plants grow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Bombay <strong>and</strong> its vic<strong>in</strong>ity. Government<br />

Press, Bombay. 254 p.<br />

Green D H, Ebner L, P<strong>and</strong>e P (1969) Development work with C 6989, 2,4'-d<strong>in</strong>itro-4trifluoromethyldiphenyl<br />

ether. Pages 254-264 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Control Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Gupta G P, Srivastava O N (1983) An ecological <strong>in</strong>vestigation on weeds of paddy fields of<br />

Ranchi District (Bihar). Indian J. Ecol. 10.71-77.<br />

Gupta O P (1966) A survey of weed flora of Tarai region of U P. Labdev. J. Sci. Technol. 4(2):86-<br />

96.<br />

Gupta O P (1984) Scientific weed management. Today <strong>and</strong> Tomorrow's Pr<strong>in</strong>ters <strong>and</strong> Publishers,<br />

New Delhi, India. 474 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Bask, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Haq A (1955) Weed flora of paddy fields <strong>and</strong> its control <strong>in</strong> eastern Uttar Pradesh. Sci. Cult.<br />

21:277-278.<br />

Holm L G, Herberger J (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> of tropical crops. Pages 1132-1149 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

10th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

lndo-British Fertiliser Education Project (1986) Project manual on pest management. Calcutta,<br />

India. 162 p.<br />

lruthayaraj M R (1981) Study on the effect of water management practices <strong>and</strong> nitrogen levels<br />

on weed growth <strong>in</strong> two swamp <strong>rice</strong> varieties. Agric. Sci. Dig. 1(1):39-42.<br />

Ja<strong>in</strong> S C (1975) Aquatic weeds <strong>and</strong> their management <strong>in</strong> India. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:6-8.

170 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Ja<strong>in</strong> S P, S<strong>in</strong>gh N B (1979) <strong>Weeds</strong> of paddy, wheat <strong>and</strong> sugarcane fields of Kurukshetra District<br />

<strong>in</strong> Haryana. Botanique 10(1/4):15-18.<br />

Jhala R C, Patel Z P, Shah A H (1987) Occurrence of Altica cyanea (Weber), a possible<br />

biocontrol agent for weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Gujarat Agric. Univ. Res. J. 13(1):64.<br />

John V T, Kalode M B (1981) Cultivation practices <strong>and</strong> the impact of modern varieties. Pages 3-<br />

39 <strong>in</strong> Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture Organization. A review of pest, disease <strong>and</strong> weed complexes <strong>in</strong><br />

high yield<strong>in</strong>g varieties <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> Pacific. RAPA 45. FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the<br />

Pacific, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Joshi N C (1971) Status of weed control <strong>in</strong> India. Pages 46-51 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Kuala<br />

Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Joshi N C (1973) Some problems <strong>and</strong> progress of weed control <strong>in</strong> India, 1948-1972. Pages 170-<br />

176 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 4th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society, Rotorua, New Zeal<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Joshi N C (1974) Manual of weed control. Researchco Publications, Delhi, India. 365 p.<br />

Joshi N C, S<strong>in</strong>gh S (1965) <strong>Weeds</strong> of agricultural importance of India. Plant Prot. Bull. (India)<br />

17(3 & 4).<br />

Kakati N N, Pradhani A K (1980) Effect of nitrogen <strong>and</strong> weed control measures on the growth<br />

<strong>and</strong> yield of upl<strong>and</strong> TTB 4/7 <strong>rice</strong> crop. Pages 42-43 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual<br />

conference of the Indian Society of Weed Science. Orissa University of Agriculture <strong>and</strong><br />

Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.<br />

Kale V R, Hapase D G, D'Cruz R (1965) A new herbicide for paddy fields. Poona Agric. Coll.<br />

Mag. 56(1,2):30-32.<br />

Kannaiyan S (1987) Use of Azolla <strong>in</strong> India. Pages 109-118 <strong>in</strong> Azolla utilization. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Kannaiyan S, Thangaraju M, Oblisami G (1983) Effect of azolla <strong>in</strong>oculation on weed growth <strong>in</strong><br />

wetl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 8(4):22.<br />

Kannaiyan S, Thangaraju M, Oblisami G (1984) Effect of Azolla <strong>in</strong>oculation <strong>in</strong> check<strong>in</strong>g the<br />

weeds under low-l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Sci. Cult. 50(5):174-175.<br />

Kar B K (1939) Water hyac<strong>in</strong>th - a problem for Bengal. Sci. Cult. 4:684-685.<br />

Kasahara Y (1954) Studies on the weeds of arable l<strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong> Japan with special reference to k<strong>in</strong>ds<br />

of harmful weeds, their geographic distribution, abundance. life-length, orig<strong>in</strong> <strong>and</strong> history.<br />

Ber. Ohara Inst. L<strong>and</strong>wirtsch. Forsch. 10(2):72-115.<br />

Kaul M K (1986) Weed flora of Kashmir Valley. Scientific Publishers. Jodhpur, India. 422 p.<br />

Kaushik S K, Mani V S (1978) Weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded <strong>and</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J.<br />

Weed Sci. 10:73-78.<br />

Kaushik S K, Mani V S (1980) Effect of chemical weed control on the nutrition <strong>and</strong> seed yield of<br />

direct sown <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 50:41-44.<br />

Kerni P N, Shant P S, Gupta B B, S<strong>in</strong>gh D (1984) Effect of butachlor (g) on the function<strong>in</strong>g of<br />

blue green algae <strong>in</strong> paddy fields. Pesticides 18(10):21-22.<br />

Kolhe S S, Mittra B N (1981) Weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 67-72 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 8th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society, Bangalore, India.<br />

Kondap S M, Rao A R, Mohammad S, Khan F (1985) Studies on the efficacy of certa<strong>in</strong> new<br />

herbicides <strong>in</strong> relation to slow release nitrogenous fertilizers <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 583-586 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 10th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society, Chiangmai, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Krishna Sastry K S (1957) Common weeds of cultivated <strong>and</strong> grassl<strong>and</strong>s of Mysore. Bot. Ser.<br />

Bull. 2. Department of Agriculture, Mysore State, lndia 86 p<br />

Krishna Sastry K S, Boraiah G, Gov<strong>in</strong>du H C, Khaleel T F (1980) <strong>Weeds</strong> of Karnataka. UAS Text<br />

Book Ser. 2. University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore, India. 359 p.

INDIA 171<br />

Kumar J, Gautam R C (1986) Effect of various herbicides on yield <strong>and</strong> yield attributes of direct<br />

seeded <strong>rice</strong> on puddled soil. Indian J. Weed Sci. 18:54-56.<br />

Kumar P, Gill H S (1981) Herbicidal control of weeds <strong>in</strong> direct-seeded <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryra sativa L.)<br />

under non-puddled conditions <strong>and</strong> their residual effect ,on wheat, brassica <strong>and</strong> l<strong>in</strong>seed.<br />

Indian J. Weed Sci. 13:50-55.<br />

Mahadevappa M, Narayana Swamy S, Channaiah C (1982) Wild paddy, a pernicious weed.<br />

Indian Farm<strong>in</strong>g 32(7):34-35.<br />

Mahapatra S C S, Guha J, Roy N N, Paul A K (1965) The weed flora <strong>in</strong> the <strong>rice</strong> fields of<br />

Kalimpong on the Eastern Himalayas. Indian Agric. 9:33-40.<br />

Maharudrappa K, Kulkarni K R, Shakuntalaraju (1975) Further studies on chemical weed control<br />

<strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Mysore J. Agric. Sci. 9:585-591.<br />

Maharudrappa K, Kulkarni K R, Shakunthalaraju (1974) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> low l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Mysore J. Agric. Sci. 8:242-247.<br />

Maheshwari J K (1963) The flora of Delhi. Council of Scientific <strong>and</strong> Industrial Research<br />

Publications. New Delhi, India. 447 p.<br />

Maiti D B (1974) Weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> puddled soil. MS thesis, Vishva-Bharati,<br />

Sr<strong>in</strong>iketan Bhirbhum, West Bengal, India.<br />

Maiti R K, Majumder A L (1975) Studies on occurrence of weeds <strong>in</strong> different crop fields with<br />

special reference to jute. Indian J. Weed Sci. 7:93-100.<br />

Majumder R B (1962) Weed flora of the district of 24-Parganas, W. Bengal. Indian Agric 6:89-<br />

213.<br />

Malik R K, Bhan V M, Katyal S K, Balyan R S, S<strong>in</strong>gh B V (1981) Weed management problems <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>-wheat cropp<strong>in</strong>g system - adoption of weed control technology <strong>in</strong> northwestern India.<br />

Page 33 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the <strong>in</strong>dian Society of Weed Science.<br />

University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore, India.<br />

Malik R K, Bhan V M, Katyal S K, Balyan R S, S<strong>in</strong>gh B V (1984) Weed management problems <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>-wheat cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems - adoption of weed control technology <strong>in</strong> Haryana. Haryana<br />

Agric. Univ. Res. J. 14:45-50.<br />

Mani V S, Gautam K C, Chakraborty T K (1968) Losses <strong>in</strong> crop yield <strong>in</strong> India due to weed<br />

growth. PANS (C) 14:142-158.<br />

Mani V S, Gautam K C, Kulshrestha G (1976) <strong>Weeds</strong> of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> their control. Pages 108-115 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the national sem<strong>in</strong>ar on control of pests of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> jowar. New Delhi, India.<br />

Manna G B (1978) Weed control. Pages 110-121 <strong>in</strong> Rice production manual. P.L. Jaiswal. ed.,<br />

Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.<br />

Manna G B (1983) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> under different situations. Paper presented at the Annual<br />

Workshop of the All-India Rice Improvement Project, 9-12 Apr 1983, Hyderabad. India<br />

Manna G B, Chaudhry M S (1968) Weed control by newly <strong>in</strong>troduced herbicides <strong>in</strong> summer <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Paper presented at the 12th Session of the International Rice Commission Work<strong>in</strong>g Party<br />

on Rice Production <strong>and</strong> Protection, 2-14 Sep 1968, Central Agricultural Research Institute,<br />

Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. 7 p.<br />

Manna G B, Rao M V, Dubey A N (1971) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> on upl<strong>and</strong>s. Oryza (Suppl.)<br />

8(2):265-268.<br />

Mehta H M, Shah C B, Trivedi G C, Patel H R (1983) Survey of weed flora <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tensity of certa<strong>in</strong><br />

weeds <strong>in</strong> major crops of Zone V <strong>and</strong> Vlll of Gujarat State. Pest. Inf. 9(1):27-31,38.<br />

Mehta I, S<strong>in</strong>gh V B (1969) A survey of field weeds of Chambal Comm<strong>and</strong>ed Area (KOTA),<br />

Rajasthan. Indian J. Weed Sci. 1:63-75.<br />

Melkania N P (1983) <strong>Weeds</strong> of monsoon crops <strong>in</strong> western Himalayas <strong>and</strong> Tarai region. Indian J.<br />

Weed Sci. 15:87-93.<br />

Michael P W (1973) Barnyard grass ( Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa ) <strong>in</strong> the <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific region with special<br />

reference to Australia. Pages 489-493 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 4th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Rotorua, New Zeal<strong>and</strong>.

172 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Michael P W (1983) Taxonomy <strong>and</strong> distribution of Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa species with special reference to<br />

their occurrence as weeds of <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 291-306 <strong>in</strong> Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mishra M D, Ghosh A, Niazi F R, Basu A N, Raychaudhuri S P (1973) The role of gram<strong>in</strong>aceous<br />

weeds <strong>in</strong> the perpetuation of <strong>rice</strong> tungro virus. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 52:176-183.<br />

Misra A, Patro G K, Tosh G C (1976) Integrated weed control on multiple cropp<strong>in</strong>g sequences <strong>in</strong><br />

irrigated up-l<strong>and</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 8:44-52.<br />

Misra A, Roy N C (1971) Herbicidal-cum-cultivar weed control studies <strong>in</strong> high l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. II. Effect<br />

on weed growth. Indian J. Weed Sci. 3:68-75.<br />

Misra P K, Lenka D (1973) A note on m<strong>in</strong>imum tillage <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> cultivation. Indian J. Weed Sci. 5:57-<br />

59.<br />

Misra P K, Lenka D (1973) Weed flora of the Hirakud Ayacut area. Pages 68-69 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs<br />

of the 3d All-India weed control sem<strong>in</strong>ar. Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India.<br />

Mitra J N (1958) Flower<strong>in</strong>g plants of eastern India. Vol. I. Monocotyledons. The World Press<br />

Private Ltd., Calcutta, India. 388 p.<br />

Mohamed Ali A (1978) Studies on weed control <strong>in</strong> direct sown <strong>rice</strong> under puddled <strong>and</strong> nonpuddled<br />

conditions. Ph D thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.<br />

Mohamed Ali A, Arokia Raj A, Sankaran S (1977) Weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Page 174<br />

<strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the weed science conference 1977. Indian Society of Weed Science,<br />

Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. India.<br />

Mohamed Ali A, Krishna Kurnar V (1986) Survey of weed flora <strong>in</strong> Coimbatore district of the<br />

western agroclimatic zone of Tamil Nadu. Indian J. Weed Sci. 18:50-53.<br />

Mohamed Ali A, Ramamoorthy K (1987) Control of Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 12(1):23-24.<br />

Mohamed Ali A, Sankaran S (1975) Selectivity <strong>and</strong> efficiency of herbicides <strong>in</strong> direct sown<br />

lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> varieties. Oryza 12:89-94.<br />

Mohamed Ali A, Sankaran S (1979) Studies on crop-weed competition <strong>in</strong> direct sown <strong>rice</strong> under<br />

puddled <strong>and</strong> non-puddled conditions. Pages 41-42 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Indian Society of<br />

Weed Science, 1979 Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g. Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, India.<br />

Mohamed Ali A, Sankaran S (1984) Crop-weed competition <strong>in</strong> direct seeded low l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

upl<strong>and</strong> bunded <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 16:90-96.<br />

Mohamed Ali A, Sankaran S (1984) Nutrient removal by weeds <strong>in</strong> direct-sown low l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Indian J. Weed Sci. 16:56-58.<br />

Mohamed Ali A, Sankaran S (1985) Effect of preemergence herbicides on Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa crusgalli<br />

(L.) Beauv. <strong>and</strong> Cyperus difformis L. <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Int Rice Res. Newsl.<br />

10(2):20.<br />

Mohamed Ali A, Sankaran S (1986) Effect of butachlor, thiobencarb <strong>and</strong> pendimethal<strong>in</strong> on<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa colonum <strong>in</strong> dry seeded bunded <strong>rice</strong> (Var.) Bhavani. Madras Agric. J. 73:287-<br />

293.<br />

Mohammed Ali A, Gururajan B (1985) Weed control <strong>in</strong> low l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> nursery. Madras Agric. J.<br />

72:429-431.<br />

Mohammed Ali A, Sankaran N, Sankaran S (1977) Relative efficiency <strong>and</strong> methods of<br />

application of herbicides <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 167-168 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the weed<br />

science conference 1977. Indian Society of Weed Science, Andhra Pradesh Agricultural<br />

University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.<br />

Mohan Kumar B, S<strong>in</strong>gh K N (1985) Comb<strong>in</strong>ed effects of weed control <strong>and</strong> water regimes on the<br />

nitrogen response of direct-seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 55:409-414.<br />

Mohanty S K, Bhaktavatsalam G, S<strong>in</strong>gh S K (1987) A new weed host of <strong>rice</strong> tungro virus<br />

complex. Curr. Sci. 56:1185-1 186.<br />

Moorthy B T S (1980) Relative efficiency of some granular herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> direct<br />

sown <strong>rice</strong> on puddled soil. Oryza 17:132-134.

INDIA 173<br />

Moorthy B T S, Dubey A N (1981) Relative efficacy of different herbicides for control of weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

upl<strong>and</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 13:56-62.<br />

Moorthy B T S, Manna G B (1984) Herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> puddle seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J.<br />

Weed Sci. 16:148-155.<br />

Moorthy B T S, Manna G B (1984) Weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> by herbicides <strong>in</strong> summer<br />

season. Indian J. Weed Sci. 16:82-89.<br />

Morishima H, Sano Y, Oka H I (1980) Observations on wild <strong>and</strong> cultivated <strong>rice</strong>s <strong>and</strong> companion<br />

weeds <strong>in</strong> the hilly areas of Nepal, India <strong>and</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. National Institute of Genetics Contrib.<br />

1349. Misima, Japan. 97 p.<br />

Mudranna V (1971) Contribution to the knowledge of aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> fisheries tanks of Mysore,<br />

their distribution <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>fluences on fisheries. UAS Res. Ser. 10 University of Agricultural<br />

Sciences, Bangalore, India. 18 p.<br />

Mukherji S K (1968) Chemical control of algae <strong>in</strong> West Bengal paddy fields. World Crops<br />

20(1):54-55.<br />

Mukherji S K (1970) Further studies on the chemical control of algal weeds. World Crops<br />

22:387-388.<br />

Mukherji S K, Ray B K (1966) Algal weeds of paddy fields of coastal West Bengal <strong>and</strong> their<br />

control by a new chemical. Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenpathol. Pflanzenschutz. 73:35-40.<br />

Mukherji S K, Sengupta S K (1964) Control of algal weeds <strong>in</strong> paddy fields <strong>in</strong> West Bengal, India.<br />

FAO Plant Prot. Bull. 12:129-130.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K (1967) Studies on weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> crop. I. Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> by Stam<br />

F-34, 2,4-D <strong>and</strong> cultural methods. Indian Agric. 11:33-39.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K (1968) Major weed flora <strong>in</strong> the ma<strong>in</strong> crop field of W. Bengal. Farm J. 9(8):43-<br />

47.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K (1978) Weed control <strong>in</strong> different <strong>rice</strong> culture systems. I. Weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> under submergence. Paper presented at the National Symposium on<br />

Increas<strong>in</strong>g Rice Yield <strong>in</strong> Kharif, 8-11 Feb 1978, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack<br />

(Orissa), India.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K (1982) Noxious aquatic vegetation <strong>in</strong> West Bengal Page 47 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of<br />

papers. Annual conference of the Indian Society of Weed Science. Haryana Agricultural<br />

University, Hissar, India.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K (1982) Weed problem <strong>and</strong> control of weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> West Bengal. Pages<br />

127-135 <strong>in</strong> Rice <strong>in</strong> West Bengal. Vol. Ill. D.K. Mukherji, ed., Directorate of Agriculture,<br />

Calcutta, India.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K (1986) Weed situation <strong>in</strong> West Bengal <strong>and</strong> its control. Paper presented at<br />

the State Level Animal Plant Protection Sem<strong>in</strong>ar, 3-4 Jan 1986, Directorate of Agriculture,<br />

West Bengal, India.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Bag S (1967) New herbicides for controll<strong>in</strong>g weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J.<br />

Agron. 12:253-256.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Bhattacharyay S P (1968) Weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> by chemical <strong>and</strong><br />

cultural methods. Pages 503-507 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the <strong>in</strong>ternational symposium on plant<br />

growth substances. S.M. Sircar, ed., University Grants Commission, New Delhi <strong>and</strong><br />

Department of Botany, Calcutta University, India.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, De G C (1979) Efficiency of granular herbicides <strong>and</strong> cultural methods <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong> weed control. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4(4):11-12.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, De G C (1980) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> culture <strong>and</strong> their control. Page<br />

52 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the Indian Society of Weed Science, Orissa<br />

University of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, De G C (1984) Granular herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Indian Agric. 28:153-159.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, De G C, Bhattacharya M (1985) <strong>Weeds</strong> of major crop fields of West Bengal.<br />

Pages 17-22 <strong>in</strong> Saar Samachar, Oct-Dec.

174 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Khara A B, Ghosh B C (1972) Nature <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tensity of competition of weeds<br />

with direct seeded upl<strong>and</strong> IR 8 <strong>rice</strong> crop. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl 21 (2):10-14.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Maiti D B (1978) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded puddled <strong>rice</strong><br />

culture. J. Res. Visva-Bharati Sci. 2(2):34-41.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, M<strong>and</strong>al B T (1982) Efficiency of some herbicides <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong> weed<strong>in</strong>g for<br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> weed control. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 7(5):21.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Mondal A (1981) Efficiency of fluchloral<strong>in</strong>, butachlor, nitrofen <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong><br />

weed<strong>in</strong>g for <strong>rice</strong> weed control. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 6(4):16-17.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Rooj S (1971) Rice production with m<strong>in</strong>imal cultivation us<strong>in</strong>g Gramoxone.<br />

Indian J. Agron. 16:362-363.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Sen AK (1981) Studies on <strong>in</strong>teractions of herbicides with <strong>in</strong>secticides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

crop. Pages 463-468 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 8th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society<br />

Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Bangalore, India.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Taraphdar S K (1976) Aquatic weed problems <strong>in</strong> West Bengal <strong>and</strong> control<br />

through herbicides. Pages 269-275 <strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong><br />

J. Rzoska, eds., Junk, The Hague, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Nair R R, Kuriakose T F, Saifudd<strong>in</strong> N (1978) New pre-emergence chemicals for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

flooded <strong>rice</strong>. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 16:264-265.<br />

Nair R R, Nair M S, Kuriakose T F, Tomy P J (1982) Screen<strong>in</strong>g herbicides for weed control<br />

efficiency <strong>in</strong> broadcast-seeded, flooded <strong>rice</strong>. Pesticides 16(2):26-27,29.<br />

Nair R R, Pillai G R, Pisharody P N, Gopalakrishnan R (1975) Investigations on the compet<strong>in</strong>g<br />

ability of <strong>rice</strong> with weeds <strong>in</strong> the ra<strong>in</strong>fed upl<strong>and</strong>s. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 13:146-151.<br />

Nair R R, Vidyadharan K K, Pisharody P N, Gopalakrishnan R (1974) Comparative efficiency of<br />

new herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded <strong>rice</strong> fields. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 12:24-27.<br />

Nairne A K (1894) The flower<strong>in</strong>g plants of western India. Allen & Co. Ltd., London, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Nanjappa H V, Krishnamurthy K (1980) Nutrient losses due to weed competition <strong>in</strong> tall <strong>and</strong> dwarf<br />

varieties of <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Agron. 25:273-278.<br />

Nanjappa H V, Krishnamurthy K (1981) Weed control <strong>in</strong> tall <strong>and</strong> dwarf varieties of <strong>rice</strong>. Mysore J.<br />

Agric. Sci. 15:245-252.<br />

Narayana Rao K (1985) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> production. Farmer <strong>and</strong> Parliament 20(1):13-14,8.<br />

Narayana Rao K, Mahadeva Gupta K (1981) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with granular<br />

formulations of herbicides. Pages 14-15 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the<br />

Indian Society of Weed Science. University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore,<br />

India.<br />

Narayana Rao K, Mahadeva Gupta K (1982) Studies on weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with herbicides.<br />

Pesticides 16(10):19-21.<br />

Narayanaswamy M, Sankaran S (1977) Relative efficiency of granular <strong>and</strong> emulsifiable<br />

concentrate herbicides under graded levels of nitrogen <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Page 171 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />

the weed science Conference 1977, Indian Society of Weed Science, Andhra Pradesh<br />

Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.<br />

Negi L S, Sa<strong>in</strong>i S S (1955/1956) Wild <strong>rice</strong> problem <strong>in</strong> Kangra <strong>and</strong> control. Rice Newsteller<br />

3(4)/4(1):5-15.<br />

Negi N S (1976) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pest. Inf. 2(3):94-102.<br />

Neogi B, Rao R R (1980) Floristic composition of the weed flora, Seasonal variation <strong>and</strong><br />

phenology of some weeds of agriculture l<strong>and</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Khasi Hills, Meghalaya. Proc. Indian Natl.<br />

Sci. Acad. B. 46:579-586.<br />

Neoai B, Rao R R (1982) Weed flora of various hill agro-ecosystems <strong>in</strong> Meghalaya, north-eastern<br />

India. Aust. <strong>Weeds</strong> 2(1):9-15.<br />

Oza G M (1974) The weeds of the cultivated fields of Gujarat State. Ann. Arid Zone 13(3):196-<br />

201.

INDIA 175<br />

Padharia K D (1982) Analysis of <strong>in</strong>sect pest, plant disease <strong>and</strong> weed complexes <strong>in</strong> high yield<strong>in</strong>g<br />

varieties <strong>and</strong> hybrids under <strong>in</strong>tensified agricultural practices <strong>in</strong> India <strong>and</strong> South East <strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

Plant Prot. Bull. (India) 34(1/2):1-12.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Bhan V M (1964) Effect of vary<strong>in</strong>g degrees of soil manipulation on yield of upl<strong>and</strong><br />

paddy (Oryza sativa) <strong>and</strong> on associated weeds. Can. J. Plant Sci. 44:376-380<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Bhan V M (1966) Effect of depth of tillage on yield of upl<strong>and</strong> paddy <strong>and</strong> on<br />

associated weeds. Exp. Agric. 2:225-232.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Bhan V M (1966) Effect of row spac<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>and</strong> levels of fertilization on growth, yield<br />

<strong>and</strong> nutrient uptake of upl<strong>and</strong> paddy <strong>and</strong> on associated weeds. II Riso 15:47-67.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Mittra B N (1982) Studies on the cultural <strong>and</strong> management practices <strong>in</strong>fluenc<strong>in</strong>g<br />

production <strong>and</strong> quality of <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 69-93 <strong>in</strong> Rice <strong>in</strong> West Bengal. Vol. III. D.K. Mukherji,<br />

ed., Directorate of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, Calcutta, India.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Sankar Rao K S R K (1965) Effect of different dates of seed<strong>in</strong>g on control of weeds<br />

<strong>and</strong> growth <strong>and</strong> yield of upl<strong>and</strong> paddy <strong>in</strong> lateritic soils of West Bengal. Indian J. Agron.<br />

10:66-71.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Sankar Rao K S R K, Bhan V M (1966) Chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> paddy.<br />

Indian J. Agron. 11:257-263.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Sankar Rao K S R K, Bhan V M (1967) Studies on the chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. II Riso 16:15-21.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>ey J (1984) Control of aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> deep water paddy. Pesticides 18(7):66-67.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>ey J, Mishra B K (1980) Effect of herbicides on the response of micronutrients to<br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> calcareous soil. Page 49 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of<br />

the Indian Society of Weed Science, Orissa University of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Technology,<br />

Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>ey J, Sharma N N (1980) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with herbicides. Indian Farm<strong>in</strong>g 30(9):11<br />

P<strong>and</strong>ey J, S<strong>in</strong>gh B P (1981) Effect of preemergence applied herbicides on micronutrient<br />

removal by lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> associated weeds <strong>in</strong> calcareous soil. Pesticides 15(11):32-34.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>eya S C, Shaha D P (1966) Phytosociology <strong>and</strong> seasonal weed succession of paddy fields<br />

<strong>and</strong> a comparison thereof with adjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g arable l<strong>and</strong> at Raipur (M.P.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.<br />

India 36:190-198.<br />

Patel C L, Patel Z G (1983) Efficiency of weed control methods <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J.<br />

Weed Sci. 15:203-206.<br />

Patel C L, Patel Z G (1985) Studies on <strong>in</strong>tegrated weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> Indian J.<br />

Agron. 30:267-270.<br />

Patel C L, Patel Z G, Patel P V (1983) Fertilizer use efficiency <strong>in</strong> relation to weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 15:199-202.<br />

Patel C S, Moorthy B T S (1980) Weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> by chemicals. Seeds <strong>and</strong><br />

Farms 6(5):37-38.<br />

Patel C S, P<strong>and</strong>e H K (1982) Weed control experiments <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>-based cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems. Pages<br />

549-560 <strong>in</strong> Report of a workshop on cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems research <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Patel J P (1965) Evaluat<strong>in</strong>g the various factors of the "Japanese method" of <strong>rice</strong> cultivation <strong>in</strong><br />

India. Agron. J. 57:567.572.<br />

Patil N S, Chauhan D V S (1972) A note on the relative efficiency of some new herbicides on<br />

weeds <strong>and</strong> the <strong>rice</strong> crop. Indian J. Weed Sci. 4:54-65.<br />

Patro G K (1971) Survey of major distribution of weed flora <strong>in</strong> four field crops at Bhubaneswar<br />

area. Indian J. Weed Sci. 3:104-111.<br />

Patro G K, Misra A (1969) Chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Andhra Agric. J. 16:194-<br />

198.

176 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Patro G K, Panigrahi V C (1985) Major lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> weeds of Koraput District, Orissa. Int. Rice<br />

Res. Newsl. 10(2):20.<br />

Patro G K, Tosh G C (1973) Relative efficiency of propanil. MCPA <strong>and</strong> 2,4-D on control of weeds<br />

<strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 5:98-104.<br />

Patro G K, Tosh G C (1975) Simultaneous foliar nutrition <strong>and</strong> weed control through herbicidefertilizer<br />

mixture <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 24(2):93-97<br />

Paul A K, Bhattacharyya R K (1959) Paddy field weed flora of the state agricultural farm,<br />

Ch<strong>in</strong>surah (West Bengal). J. Indian Bot. Soc. 38:249-253.<br />

Paul S R (1967) Rice-field weed flora of District Bhagalpur. India. Proc. Bihar Acad. Agric. Sci.<br />

15:15-24.<br />

Pillai S J, Kuriakose T F, Madhavan Nair K P, Saifudeen N (1980) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

under semi-dry condition. Page 43 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers Annual conference of the Indian<br />

Society of Weed Science. Orissa University of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Technology, Bhubaneswar,<br />

Orissa, India.<br />

Prabhakar A S, Krishnamurthy K, Ramadas K S (1973) Studies on weed control <strong>in</strong> paddy with<br />

herbicides. Indian J. Weed Sci. 5:140-147.<br />

Pra<strong>in</strong> D (1905) The vegetation of the district of Hughli-Howrah <strong>and</strong> the 24-Pargunnahs. Records<br />

of the botanical survey of India. Vol. III, No. 2. Office of the Super<strong>in</strong>tendent of Government<br />

Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, India. 339 p.<br />

Prakash J (1970) Control of weed associated with paddy. Pages 93-95 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

symposium on recent advances <strong>in</strong> crop production. Uttar Pradesh Institute of Agricultural<br />

Sciences, Kanpur, India.<br />

Prasad R, S<strong>in</strong>gh V (1975) Note on methods of l<strong>and</strong> preparation <strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> directly<br />

sown <strong>and</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 45:377-379.<br />

Prasada Rao RDVJ, John VT (1974) Alternate hosts of <strong>rice</strong> tungro virus <strong>and</strong> its vector. Plant<br />

Disease Reporter 58:856-860.<br />

Raghavulu P, Sreerama Murthy V (1973) Weed control <strong>in</strong> direct-sown upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Andhra Agric.<br />

J. 20:47-49.<br />

Rai B (1959) Most obnoxious weeds of east U.P. Allahabad Farmer 33:10-14.<br />

Rajaram S, Natarajan K, Subramanian S (1978) A note on the effect of weed control methods <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Madras Agric. J. 65:274-275.<br />

Rajaramamohana Rao S, S<strong>in</strong>gh G, Bhan V M (1974) Lest weeds may rob you of your <strong>rice</strong> yield.<br />

Indian Farmers’ Dig. 7(6):19-22.<br />

Raju R A, Nageshwar Reddy M (1986) Comparative efficacy of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. J. Res. Andhra Pradesh Agric. Univ. 14:75-76.<br />

Raju R A, Nageshwar Reddy M (1987) Weed flora of wet l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> West Godavari. J. Res.<br />

Andhra Pradesh Agric. Univ. 15:62-63.<br />

Raju R A, Varma S C (1979) Observations on <strong>rice</strong> grown <strong>in</strong> submerged vs saturated hydroecosystems<br />

<strong>in</strong> Gangetic alluvial soils. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4(1):23.<br />

Raju R A, Varma S C (1979) Weed flora associated with low l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> eastern U.P., India. Food<br />

Farm<strong>in</strong>g Agric. 1 1 :24-25.<br />

Ramakrishnan Nair T, Balakrishna Pillai P, George C M (1979) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

under semi dry conditions. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 17:108-110.<br />

Ramamoorthi R, Kul<strong>and</strong>aisamy S, Sankaran S (1974) Effect of propanil on weed growth <strong>and</strong><br />

yield of IR20 <strong>rice</strong> under different seed<strong>in</strong>g methods <strong>and</strong> rates. Madras Agric. J. 61:307-311.<br />

Ramamoorthi R, Kul<strong>and</strong>aisamy S, Sankaran S (1974) Influence of weed growth <strong>and</strong> nutrient<br />

removal on the yield of <strong>rice</strong> variety IR20. Oryza 11 (1):21-26.<br />

Ramaswamy S U, Razi B A (1973) Flora of Bangalore district. University of Mysore,<br />

Manasagangotri, Mysore, India.<br />

Ramiah K (1937) Rice <strong>in</strong> Madras. Government Press, Madras, India. 249 p.<br />

Rangiah P K, Mohamad Ali A, Kul<strong>and</strong>aisamy S (1976) Cultural <strong>and</strong> chemical methods Of weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Madras Agric. J. 63:434-436.

INDIA 177<br />

Rangiah P K, Natarajan K, Rajagopalan K (1 975) Systems of weed control for transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Madras Agric. J. 63:500-501.<br />

Rangiah P K, Palchamy A, Pothiraj P (1974) Effect of chemical <strong>and</strong> cultural methods of weed<br />

control on transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Madras Agric. J. 61:312-316.<br />

Rangiah P K, Rob<strong>in</strong>son J G, Rajagopalan K (1975) Effect of m<strong>in</strong>imum tillage <strong>and</strong> different<br />

methods of weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>, IR20. Madras Agric. J. 62:403-407.<br />

Rao A R, Kondap S M, Mirza W A, Reddy G B (1984) Efficacy of propanil <strong>and</strong> oxadiazon under<br />

different water management practices <strong>in</strong> direct seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 16:244-249.<br />

Rao M S S, Agarwal P C (1977) Problems of weed control <strong>in</strong> Chotanagpur. Page 259 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the weed science conference 1977. Indian Society of Weed Science,<br />

Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.<br />

Rao M S S, Agarwal P C (1979) Investigation on chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Page 39 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Indian Society of Weed Science, 1979 Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, India.<br />

Rao M V, Pillai K G (1974) Efficiency of weedicides for <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> India. Paper presented at the<br />

International Rice Research Conference, 22-25 Apr 1974, International Rice Research<br />

Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Rao R R, Neogi B (1977) Some common aquatic weeds of Meghalaya - a prelim<strong>in</strong>ary<br />

observation. Pages 29-35 <strong>in</strong> Studies on weeds <strong>and</strong> their control. D.N. Borthakur <strong>and</strong> A.K.<br />

Ghosh, eds., Renaissance Pr<strong>in</strong>ters, Calcutta, India.<br />

Rao V S (1983) Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples of weed science. Oxford <strong>and</strong> IBH Publish<strong>in</strong>g Co., New Delhi, India.<br />

Rathi K S, Tewari A N (1979) Weed management <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> direct seeded paddy under irrigated<br />

condition. Indian J. Agric. Res. 13:111-112.<br />

Ray B, Mustafee T P (1980) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with bifenox. Indian J. Weed Sci. 12:93-98.<br />

Ray B R (1973) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> -a review. Indian J. Weed Sci. 5:60-72.<br />

Reed C F (1977) Economically important foreign weeds. Potential problems <strong>in</strong> the United States.<br />

Agric. H<strong>and</strong>b. 498. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 746 p.<br />

Reth<strong>in</strong>am P, Sankaran S (1974) Comparative efficiency of herbicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (var. IR20) under<br />

different methods of plant<strong>in</strong>g. Madras Agric. J. 61:317-323.<br />

Reth<strong>in</strong>am P, Thirunavukkarasu D R, Sankaran S (1974) Studies on the rates, formulations <strong>and</strong><br />

methods of application of butachlor <strong>and</strong> propanil herbicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (var. IR20). Madras<br />

Agric. J. 61:710-712.<br />

Roy A K, Hussa<strong>in</strong> S (1983) Sawdust-mulch<strong>in</strong>g for controll<strong>in</strong>g weeds <strong>in</strong> transplanted summer<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 8(4):20-21.<br />

Sabnis S D, Pathak C H (1961) A survey of the common weeds of Kharif <strong>and</strong> Rabi field crops.<br />

Indian J. Agron. 6:149-152.<br />

Sahu B N, Bhattacharya T K (1964) Effects of 2,4-D <strong>and</strong> MCPA with <strong>and</strong> without cultural<br />

practices on the control of weeds <strong>and</strong> the growth <strong>and</strong> yield of <strong>rice</strong>. Rice Newsteller<br />

12(4):111-118.<br />

Sahu B N, Jena A C (1968) Weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. I. Effect of cultural <strong>and</strong><br />

weedicidal treatments on control of weeds <strong>and</strong> yield of <strong>rice</strong> crop. Indian J. Agron. 13:4-12.<br />

Sahu B N, Lenka D (1969) M<strong>in</strong>imum tillage us<strong>in</strong>g Gramoxone for <strong>rice</strong> production. Indian J. Agric.<br />

Sci. 39:473-481.<br />

Sahu B N, M<strong>and</strong>al B B (1963) Effect of submergence on weed association <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Sci.<br />

Cult. 29(3):140-141.<br />

Sa<strong>in</strong>i S K, S<strong>in</strong>gh O P (1981) Control weeds <strong>in</strong> the <strong>rice</strong> field. Indian Farmers' Dig. 14(5):7-8.<br />

Saksena H K (1975) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> some crops <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed agriculture <strong>in</strong> India. Pages 230-<br />

231 <strong>in</strong> FAO Regular Program RAFE 23. FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific,<br />

Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Saldanha C J, Nicholson D H, eds. (1976) Flora of Hassan district, Karnataka, India. Amer<strong>in</strong>d<br />

Publish<strong>in</strong>g Co., New Delhi, India. 923 p.

178 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Sankaran S, Reth<strong>in</strong>am P, Thirunavukkarasu D R (1974) A note on the efficiency of herbicideurea<br />

mixture <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> (var. IR20). Madras Agric. J 61.706-708.<br />

Sankaran S, Thiagarajan P (1982) Study on new herbicide formulations <strong>in</strong> planted <strong>rice</strong> (var.<br />

Bhavani). Pestology 6(8):9-12.<br />

Santapan H (1953) The flora of Kh<strong>and</strong>ala on the western ghats of India. Records of the botanical<br />

survey of India. Vol. 16, No. 1. Government of India Press, Calcutta, India. 396 p.<br />

Satyanarayana Prasad J, Seshagiri Rao Y, Zaheruddeen S M, Mohan Das C (1980) <strong>Weeds</strong> as<br />

hosts to parasitic nematodes of <strong>rice</strong>. Curr. Sci. 49:755-756.<br />

Sen D N (1981) Ecological approaches to Indian weeds. Geobios International, Jodhpur, India.<br />

301 p.<br />

Seshavatharam V (1974) Aquatic weed flora of the paddy fields <strong>and</strong> irrigation canals of the Delta<br />

area of the West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. Sci. Cult. 40:489-491.<br />

Shahi H N, Gill P S, Kh<strong>in</strong>d C S (1978) Machete, a promis<strong>in</strong>g weedicide for <strong>rice</strong> crop. Indian<br />

Farm<strong>in</strong>g 27(10):11-12.<br />

Shahi H N, Gill P S, Kh<strong>in</strong>d C S (1979) Comparative effect of different herbicides on weed control<br />

<strong>and</strong> nutrient removal <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> (Oryza sativa L.). Int Pest Contr. 21(3):55-<br />

56,58,73.<br />

Shankar V (1966) <strong>Weeds</strong> of paddy fields of Varanasi District. J. Sci. Res. (Banaras H<strong>in</strong>du Univ.)<br />

16:139-145.<br />

Sharma J (1981) Exp<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g the role of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> India - problems <strong>and</strong><br />

prospects. Page 44 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the Indian Society of<br />

Weed Science. University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore, India.<br />

Sharma M (1981) Weed flora of Punjab. II. <strong>Weeds</strong> of Kharif crops. Indian J. Weed Sci. 13:26-31.<br />

Sharma R S, Rathi G S, Tiwari J P (1986) Weed management studies <strong>in</strong> drilled paddy under<br />

Jabalpur conditions. Indian J. Weed Sci. 18:111-114.<br />

Shetty S V R, Gill H S (1975) Efficiency of different herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> direct sown<br />

<strong>rice</strong> (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J. Weed Sci. 7:80-84.<br />

Shetty S V R, Gill H S, Brar L S (1975) Weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> (Oryza saliva L.) <strong>in</strong> the Punjab. J. Res.<br />

Punjab Agric. Univ. 12: 43-51.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh B, Dash B (1984) Effect of methods of weed control on growth of weeds <strong>and</strong> uptake of<br />

nitrogen by weeds <strong>in</strong> direct seeded unpuddled <strong>rice</strong>. Agric. Sci Dig. 4(4):231 233.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh B P, Ghosh D C (1985) Increase <strong>rice</strong> production through efficient water management.<br />

Farmer <strong>and</strong> Parliament 20(7):23-24,29.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh C (1983) Modern techniques of rais<strong>in</strong>g field crops. Oxford & IBH Publish<strong>in</strong>g Co., New<br />

Delhi, India. 523 p.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh D, Gangwar B (1986) Studies on weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> South Andaman. J. Andaman Sci<br />

Assoc. 2(2):51-54.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh D, Gangwar B (1987) Ricefield weeds <strong>in</strong> South Andaman. India Int. Rice Res. Newsl.<br />

12(4):47.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh G, Chauhan R S (1978) Weed management <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> paddy. Indian J. Weed Sci. 10:83-<br />

86.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh K N, Gautam K C, Misra B N (1987) Weed control <strong>in</strong> irrigated upl<strong>and</strong> direct seeded <strong>and</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> North Western India. Pesticides 21 (2):7-9, 11.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh M, Prakash O, S<strong>in</strong>gh K (1974) Weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> field Oryza 11(1) 17-20.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh M P, Biswas S P (1981) Weed control through herbicides <strong>in</strong> different <strong>rice</strong> cultures. Pages<br />

91-97 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 8th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society, Bangalore, India.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh O P, Bh<strong>and</strong>ari R K (1985) Relative efficiency of different herbicides <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Indian J. Weed Sci. 17:47-49.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh O P, Bh<strong>and</strong>ari R K (1986) Relative efficiency of different herbicides <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Indian J. Weed Sci. 18:57-59.

INDIA 179<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh O P, S<strong>in</strong>gh R A, S<strong>in</strong>gh M (1975) Effect of soil compaction <strong>and</strong> nitrogen placement on<br />

weed population <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> wheat <strong>in</strong> India. Indian J. Weed Sci. 17:110-114.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh P K (1973) Occurrence of green algae Pithophora sp. <strong>and</strong> Hydrodictyon reticulatum as<br />

weed <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of Cuttack. Phykos 12(1/2):82-85.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh R P, Sharma G L (1981) Effect of methods of plant<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> herbicides on <strong>rice</strong>/weed<br />

competition. Pages 75-78 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 6th Australian <strong>Weeds</strong> Conference. Vol. I.<br />

Council of Australian Weed Science Societies, Broadbeach, Gold Coast, Australia.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh S K, S<strong>in</strong>gh O P (1979) Weed flora of paddy crop <strong>in</strong> Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh. Oryza 16:113-<br />

114.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh S P, Mani V S (1981) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>-wheat rotations. Pages 61-67 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the national symposium on crop management to meet the new challenges.<br />

R. Prasad, K.S. Parashar, R. Pal S<strong>in</strong>gh, M. S<strong>in</strong>gh <strong>and</strong> V. Kumar, eds., National Pr<strong>in</strong>ters, New<br />

Delhi, India.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh S P, Moolani M K (1973) Control of cattail ( Typha angustata ) <strong>in</strong> relation to period of<br />

stubble submergence. Pages 329-338 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 4th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Rotorua, New Zeal<strong>and</strong>.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh S P, Ram P (1986) Weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> under different tillage<br />

systems Indian J. Weed Sci. 18:79-84.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh S R, S<strong>in</strong>gh O P, S<strong>in</strong>gh Y, Sharma H C, S<strong>in</strong>gh M (1976) Mechanical weed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> direct sown<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 46:507-509.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh T N, S<strong>in</strong>gh G, S<strong>in</strong>gh H P (1982) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> dryl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Res.<br />

Newsl. 7(5):21-22.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>glachar M A, Ch<strong>and</strong>rashekar G, Veeraraj Urs Y S, Kempegowda S B (1978) Chemical weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> direct sown upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Page 2 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. All India weed science<br />

conference. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>glachar M A, Shivappa T G, Bhaskar Rao Y (1978) Effect of weed free duration on the<br />

performance of dwarf <strong>and</strong> tall <strong>rice</strong> types. Mysore J. Agric. Sci. 12:210-212.<br />

Smith R J Jr (1969) International cooperative experiments on evaluat<strong>in</strong>g herbicides for weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 21-25 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control<br />

Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Soundara Rajan M S, Sudhakara Rao R, Murthy B T S, Sankara Reddi H (1978) Selectivity of<br />

granular herbicides <strong>in</strong> direct sown <strong>rice</strong>. Oryza 15:211-213.<br />

Sridhar T S. Yogeswara Rao Y, Sankara Reddi G H (1976) Effect of granular herbicides <strong>in</strong> the<br />

control of weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> directly seeded on puddled soil. Madras Agric. J. 63:431-433.<br />

Sr<strong>in</strong>ivasan S (1981) Population of the weed Marsilea quartrifoliata <strong>in</strong> plots with azolla. Int. Rice<br />

Res. Newsl. 6(3):22.<br />

Srivastava P S, Sharma D K, Srivastava M M (1987) Increas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>rice</strong> production <strong>in</strong> Eastern<br />

Madhya Pradesh. Indian Farm<strong>in</strong>g 36(11):13,15.<br />

Subba Rao M S, Agrawal P C (1973) Efficient herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> various crops under<br />

the conditions of Bihar. Pages 11-12 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d All India weed control<br />

sem<strong>in</strong>ar. Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India.<br />

Subba Rao M S, Prasad L K (1972) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> Chotanagpur agriculture. PANS 18:286-<br />

289.<br />

Subbiah E, Sreerangasamy S R (1978) Studies on the efficiency of herbicide - diammonium<br />

phosphate mixture <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Madras Agric. J. 65:629-630.<br />

Subbiah K K, Morachan Y B (1976) Efficacy of herbicides <strong>in</strong> direct sown short duration <strong>rice</strong>,<br />

Madras Agric. J. 63:242-243.<br />

Subbiah K K, Reth<strong>in</strong>am P, Morachan Y B (1975) Efficiency of some new herbicides for the weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> (var. IR20). Madras Agric. J. 62:555-558.<br />

Subramanian A, Kol<strong>and</strong>aisamy S (1971) Certa<strong>in</strong> observations on the effect of a new weedicide<br />

on broadcast paddy. Oryza 8:92-94.

180 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Subramanian S, Mohamed Ali A (1985) Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa crus-galli (L) Beauv competition <strong>and</strong><br />

control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Madras Agric. J. 72:376-381.<br />

Subramanyam K (1962) Aquatic angiosperms. Bot. Monogr. 3. Council of Scientific <strong>and</strong><br />

Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.<br />

Sudhara K, Nair R R (1986) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> under semi-dry system. Agric. Res. J. Kerala.<br />

24:211-215.<br />

Sugha S K, Shukla S P (1977) Angiospermic weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.) fields <strong>in</strong> Kangra.<br />

Indian J. Weed Sci. 9:1-8.<br />

Tadul<strong>in</strong>gam C, Venkatanarayana G (1932) A h<strong>and</strong>book of some <strong>south</strong> Indian weeds. 2d ed.<br />

Government Press, Madras, India. 356 p.<br />

Thakur R N, Nezamudd<strong>in</strong> S, Agarawal K N, Sharma N N, Akhtar M (1967) Effects of Stam F-34,<br />

Agroxone-3 <strong>and</strong> Spontox with <strong>and</strong> without cultural practices on the control of <strong>rice</strong> weeds.<br />

Madras Agric. J. 54:415-420.<br />

Thomas K J (1976) Observations on the aquatic vegetation of Triv<strong>and</strong>rum, Kerala. Pages 99-102<br />

<strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk, The Hague,<br />

The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Thomas K J (1979) The extent of Salv<strong>in</strong>ia <strong>in</strong>festations <strong>in</strong> Kerala (S. India): its impact <strong>and</strong><br />

suggested methods of control. Environ. Conserv. 6(1):63-69.<br />

Tiwari D K, Nema D P (1967) An ecological study of weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> fields. JNKVV Res. J. 1:1-<br />

5.<br />

Tiwari J P, Bisen C R (1981) Ecology of an exotic weed - Parthenium hysterophorus L. Page 4 <strong>in</strong><br />

Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the Indian Society of Weed Science. University<br />

of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore, India.<br />

Tiwari J P, Bisen C R, Trivedi K K (1985) Herbicides to control weeds <strong>in</strong> paddy nursery. Page 2<br />

<strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the Indian Society of Weed Science. Gujarat<br />

Agricultural University, An<strong>and</strong>, Gujarat, India.<br />

Tiwary N P (1953) Loss <strong>in</strong> yield due to weeds <strong>in</strong> paddy fields. Proc. Bihar Acad. Agric. Sci.<br />

2:115-116.<br />

Tosh G C (1975) New herbicides for the control of weeds <strong>in</strong> direct sown <strong>rice</strong> on upl<strong>and</strong> soil.<br />

Indian J. Farm Sci. 3:60-63.<br />

Tosh G C, Patro G K (1975) Survey of major aquatic weed flora <strong>in</strong> the coastal tracts of Orissa.<br />

JNK W Res. J. 9:10-12.<br />

Trivedi K K, Tiwari J P, Bisen C R (1986) Integrated weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> drilled <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pesticides 20(11):29-33.<br />

University of Agricultural Sciences (1970) Plant protection manual. UAS Res. Ser. 3. Hebbal,<br />

Bangalore, India.<br />

Upadhyay U C, Choudhary B S (1979) Effect of different weed control methods on growth <strong>and</strong><br />

yield of <strong>rice</strong> under upl<strong>and</strong> conditions. Pages 289-291 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 7th <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Sydney,<br />

Australia.<br />

Vachhani M V, Chaudhri M S, Mitra N N (1963) Control of weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> by selective herbicides.<br />

Indian J. Agron. 8:368-377.<br />

Vachhani M V, Chaudhry M S (1961) Herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Paper presented<br />

at the International Rice Commission 9th Meet<strong>in</strong>g of Work<strong>in</strong>g Party on Rice Production <strong>and</strong><br />

Protection, 11-16 Dec 1961, New Delhi, India.<br />

Vachhani M V, Chaudhry M S (1961) Present position of research on weed control <strong>in</strong> India.<br />

Recent advances <strong>in</strong> weedicides <strong>and</strong> techniques with particular reference to <strong>rice</strong> crop <strong>and</strong><br />

suggestions for further work. Paper presented at the Indian Council of Agricultural<br />

Research Sem<strong>in</strong>ar, 3-6 Oct 1961, Bombay, India.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950-). Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V.. Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Vartak V D (1966) Enumeration of plants from Gomantak, India. Maharashtra Association for the<br />

Cultivation of Science, Poona, India. 167 p.

INDIA 181<br />

Venkatakrishnan J, Vivekan<strong>and</strong>an P, Ramach<strong>and</strong>ran M (1983) <strong>Weeds</strong> of Ch<strong>in</strong>gleput District,<br />

Tamil Nadu. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 8(2):17.<br />

Venu Gopal P V K S N (1983) Weed management <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> under different methods of cultivation.<br />

MS thesis, Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. 226 p.<br />

Venu Gopal P V K S N, Kondap S M, Bucha Reddy B (1983) Efficacy of herbicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

cultivars under different methods of cultivation. Indian J. Weed Sci. 15:207-213.<br />

Verma I S (1967) Chemicals for weed control. Pesticides Bombay 1 (4):13-18.<br />

Verma J K, Mani V S (1970) Efficiency <strong>and</strong> selectivity of herbicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> production. Pages<br />

705-710 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 10th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop<br />

Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Verma O P S, Tyagi R C, Katyal S K (1978) Efficacy of new herbicides on the control of weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Haryana state. Pesticides 12(1):21-22.<br />

Verma S P, Sharma K K, S<strong>in</strong>gh C M (1985) Weed management <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> nursery <strong>in</strong> Himachal<br />

Pradesh. Page 2 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the Indian Society of Weed<br />

Science. Gujarat Agricultural University, An<strong>and</strong>, Gujarat, India.<br />

Vijaya Koteswari M, Antonio S R, Mary T N (1985) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> of Guntur area. Geobios New<br />

Rep. 4:86-88.<br />

Vikraman Nair R, Sadan<strong>and</strong>an N (1975) Studies on the comparative performance of granular<br />

weedicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 13:58-61.<br />

Wood J J (1977) Plants of Chutia Nagpur <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Jaspur <strong>and</strong> Sirguja. Periodical Expert Book<br />

Agency, Vivek Nihar, Delhi, India. 170 p.<br />

Zahetuddeen S M, Prakasa Rao P S (1983) Characterization of weed problems <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

ecosystems <strong>in</strong> Orissa. Oryza 20:55-63.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Indonesia.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

A canthospermum<br />

hispidum DC.<br />

Achyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Acrostichum<br />

aureum L.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

americana L.<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

uniflora F. Mey.<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

houstonianum Mill.<br />

mexicanum - see A. houstonianum<br />

Alisma<br />

plantago-aquatica L.<br />

Allmania<br />

nodiflora (L.) R. Br. ex Wight<br />

Alternanthera<br />

ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Griseb.<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

repens (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra - see A. sessilis<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

rugosus (Willd.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

gracilis - see A. viridis<br />

lividus L.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Polypodiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL

184 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

humilis Michx.<br />

microcarpa DC.<br />

multiflora Roxb.<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>ra L.f.<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra - see Rotala pent<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Aneilema<br />

blumei - see Murdannia blumei<br />

hamiltonianum Wall.<br />

japonicum Kunth<br />

keisak - see Murdannia keisak<br />

malabaricum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

nudiflorum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

spiratum - see Murdannia spirata<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum - see Murdannia<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>ata<br />

Aponogeton<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>atum Roxb.<br />

lakhonensis A. Camus<br />

Artanema<br />

longifolia (L.) Merr.<br />

Athroisma<br />

lac<strong>in</strong>iatum DC.<br />

Austroeupatorium<br />

<strong>in</strong>ulaefolium (Kunth.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g &<br />

B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Axonopus<br />

compressus (Sw.) Beauv.<br />

Azolla<br />

filiculoides Lam.<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

floribunda (R. Br.) Wettst.<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

procumbens (Mill.) Greenm.<br />

rotundifolia Wettst.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

~<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Basilicum<br />

polystachyon (L.) Moench<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

capensis L.<br />

verticellata - see B. capensis<br />

Bidens<br />

chrysanthemoides Michx.<br />

laevis - see B. chrysanthemoides<br />

pilosa L.<br />

Blumea<br />

lacera (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

tenella DC.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Boerhavia<br />

diffusa L.<br />

erecta L.<br />

repens - see B. diffusa<br />

Bonnaya<br />

brachiata - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia ciliata<br />

Borreria<br />

alata (Aubl.) DC.<br />

articularis (L.f.) F.N. Williams<br />

distans Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

laevis (Lam.) Griseb.<br />

latifolia (Aubl.) Schum.<br />

ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

repens DC.<br />

Brachiaria<br />

distachya (L.) Stapf<br />

eruciformis (J.E. Sm.) Griseb.<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

paspaloides (Presl) C.E. Hubb.<br />

reptans (L.) Gard. & C.E. Hubb.<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

puberula (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TSR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDONESIA 185

186 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

C alogyne<br />

pilosa R. Br.<br />

Calopogonium<br />

mucunoides Desv.<br />

Cassia<br />

tora - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

Cayratia<br />

trifolia (L.) Dom<strong>in</strong><br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

cristata - see C. argentea<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Centipeda<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers.<br />

orbicularis - see C. m<strong>in</strong>ima<br />

Centrosema<br />

plumieri (Turp. ex Pers.) Benth.<br />

pubescens Benth.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chenopodium<br />

ambrosioides L.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L.<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

aspera Koen. ex DC.<br />

chelidonii L.f.<br />

ciliata - see C. rutidosperma<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

icos<strong>and</strong>ra L.<br />

rutidosperma DC.<br />

viscosa L.<br />

Goodeniaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Vitaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TSR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

japonica - see Aneilema japonicum<br />

longifolia Lam.<br />

nudiflora - see Murdannia nudiflora<br />

paludosa BI.<br />

Conyza<br />

albida Willd. ex Spreng.<br />

ambigua L.<br />

bonariensis (L.) Cronq.<br />

canadensis (L.) Cronq.<br />

sumatrensis (Retz.) E.H. Walker<br />

Crassocephalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore<br />

Crotalaria<br />

anagyroides - see C. micans<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea Grah. ex Benth.<br />

micans L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quefolia L.<br />

verrucosa L.<br />

Croton<br />

hirtus L'Her.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris<br />

cristata D. Don.<br />

Cyathula<br />

prostrata (L.) BI.<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

babakensis - see C. babakan<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

cephalotes Vahl<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

INDONESIA 187<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

TPR,UPL

188 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us (Retz.) Valck. Sur.<br />

cyperoides (L.) O.K.<br />

diaphanus Schrader ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

dilutus - see C. compactus<br />

distans L.f.<br />

dubius Rottb.<br />

elatus L.<br />

erythrorhizos Muhl.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

ferax - see C. odoratus<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

globosus - see C. flavidus<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

javanicus Houtt.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gaeoides - see C. dubius<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

malaccensis Lam.<br />

mitis Steud.<br />

monocephalus - see C. cephalotes<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

pumilus L.<br />

pygmaeus Rottb.<br />

radiatus - see C. elatus<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

sphacelatus Rottb.<br />

stoloniferus Retz.<br />

tagetiformis Roxb.<br />

tegetum Roxb.<br />

tenuiculmis Boeck.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

TSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

trialatus (Boeck.) Kern<br />

umbellatus - see C. cyper<strong>in</strong>us<br />

zoll<strong>in</strong>geri Steud.<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Dentella<br />

repens (L.) Forst.<br />

serpyllifolia Wall. ex Airy Shaw<br />

Dichrocephala<br />

bicolor -see D. <strong>in</strong>tegrifolia<br />

<strong>in</strong>tegrifolia (L.f.) O.K.<br />

latifolia - see D. <strong>in</strong>tegrifolia<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

consangu<strong>in</strong>ea - see D. setigera<br />

digitata - see D. violascens<br />

fuscescens (Presl) Henr.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata - see D. ciliaris<br />

rnicrobachne - see D. setigera<br />

nuda Schum.<br />

pruriens - see D. setigera<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

setigera Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

speciosa - see D. longiflora<br />

ternata (A. Rich.) Stapf<br />

violascens L.<br />

Dimeria<br />

ornithopoda Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

Drosera<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Drymaria<br />

cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Dryopteris<br />

sp.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Aspidiaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR, UPL<br />

TSR<br />

INDONESIA 189

190 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Dysophylla<br />

auricularia - see Pogostemon<br />

auricularius<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

erecta L.<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

afflata - see E. congesta<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

capitata - see E. geniculata<br />

caribea - see E. geniculata<br />

chaetaria - see E. retroflexa<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see E. dulcis<br />

fistulosa - see E. acutangula<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

ochrostachys Steud.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>oides - see E. dulcis<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

DIR,TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eleocharis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

spiralis (Rottb.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

variegata (Poir.) Presl<br />

wolfii Gray<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

coracana (L.) Gaertn.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Eleutheranthera<br />

ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.-Bip.<br />

Emilia<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Enhalus<br />

acoroides (L.f.) Royle<br />

Enydra<br />

fluctuans Lour.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

amabilis - see E. tenella<br />

pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

plumosa - see E. tenella<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

Erechtites<br />

valerianaefolia DC.<br />

Erigeron<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolius - see E. sumatrensis<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

equisetoides van Royen<br />

heterolepis Steud.<br />

longifolium Nees ex Kunth<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Eriochloa<br />

polystachya - see E. procera<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Eupatorium<br />

<strong>in</strong>ulaefolium - see<br />

Austroeupatorium <strong>in</strong>ulaefolium<br />

odoratum - see Chromolaena<br />

odorata<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

INDONESIA 191<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP

192 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Euphorbia<br />

geniculata - see E. heterophylla<br />

heterophylla L.<br />

hirta L.<br />

hypericifolia L.<br />

orbiculata Miq.<br />

parviflora L.<br />

prunifolia - see E. heterophylla<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

alboviridis C.B. Clarke<br />

anisoclada Ohwi<br />

annua - see F. dichotoma<br />

aphylla Steud.<br />

bis-umbellata (Forssk.) Bub.<br />

caesia Miq.<br />

complanata (Retz.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma<br />

dipsacea (Rottb.) Clarke<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea (L.) Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

griffithii Boeck.<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

merrillii Kern<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

monostachya - see F. ovata<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

ovata (Burm. f.)Kern<br />

podocarpa - see F. tomentosa<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangularis (Vahl) Kunth<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

squarrosa Vahl<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

torresiana - see F. globulosa<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

umbellaria - see F. globulosa<br />

utilis - see F. globulosa<br />

Floscopa<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens Lour<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

glomerata - see F. ciliaris<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G al<strong>in</strong>soga<br />

parviflora Cav.<br />

Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Gomphrena<br />

celosioides Mart.<br />

Goodenia<br />

kon<strong>in</strong>gsbergeri (Back.) Back. ex<br />

Bold.<br />

Grangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

Gratiola<br />

juncea Roxb.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

Gynura<br />

crepidioides - see<br />

Crassocephalum crepidioides<br />

H ackelochloa<br />

granularis (L.) O.K.<br />

Hanguana<br />

malayana (Jack.) Merr.<br />

Hedyotis<br />

biflora - see H. racemosa<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

diffusa L.<br />

herbacea L.<br />

racemosa Lam.<br />

Heleocharis<br />

variegata - see Eleocharis<br />

variegata<br />

Heliotropium<br />

elongatum Willd. ex Cham.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Goodeniaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Flagellariaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

INDONESIA 193

194 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Herpestis<br />

chamaedroides - see Bacopa<br />

procumbens<br />

monnieri - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Heteranthera<br />

zosterifolia Mart.<br />

Hybanthus<br />

attenuates (Humb. & Bonpl.)<br />

G.K. Schulze<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocleys<br />

commersonii Rich.<br />

Hydrocotyle<br />

asiatica - see Centella asiatica<br />

rotundifolia - see H. sibthorpioides<br />

sibthorpioides Lam.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa L.<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

quadrivalis Nees<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong><br />

amplexicaulis - see H. acutigluma<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica - see Sacciolepis <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta<br />

pseudo<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see H.<br />

acutigluma<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

Hyptis<br />

brevipes Poit.<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

spicigera Lam.<br />

l lysanthes<br />

antipoda - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia antipoda<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae NSP<br />

Violaceae TSR,UPL<br />

Hydrocharitaceae TPR<br />

Limnocharitaceae NSP<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae TPR<br />

Hydrophyllaceae TPR<br />

Hydrophyllaceae TPR<br />

Acanthaceae TSR<br />

Acanthaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae TPR,TSR<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hypericaceae NSP<br />

Lamiaceae UPL<br />

Lamiaceae NSP<br />

Lamiaceae NSP<br />

Scrophulariaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

llysanthes (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

hyssopioides Benth.<br />

serrata - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia anagallis<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

lmperata<br />

arund<strong>in</strong>acea - see I. cyl<strong>in</strong>drica Poaceae<br />

conferta (Presl) Ohwi<br />

Poaceae<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

lndigofera<br />

Poaceae<br />

tomentosa L.<br />

Ipomoea<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

carnea Jacq.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

crassicaulis - see I. carnea Convolvulaceae<br />

fistulosa - see I. carnea<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

triloba L.<br />

lsachne<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

australis - see I. himalaica Poaceae<br />

dispar Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Poaceae<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

Poaceae<br />

himalaica Hook. f.<br />

Poaceae<br />

miliacea - see I. pulchella<br />

Poaceae<br />

pulchella Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

lschaemum<br />

Poaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

Poaceae<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

Poaceae<br />

timorense Kunth<br />

J uncellus<br />

Poaceae<br />

pygmaeus - see Cyperus<br />

pygmaeus<br />

Juncus<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

prismatocarpus R. Br.<br />

Jussiaea<br />

Juncaceae<br />

angustifolia - see Ludwigia<br />

octovalvis<br />

Onagraceae<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia Onagraceae<br />

prostrata - see Ludwigia prostrata Onagraceae<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens Onagraceae<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia<br />

octovalvis<br />

Justicia<br />

Onagraceae<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TPR<br />

TSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,TSR<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDONESIA 195

196 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

K yll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

Family Culture<br />

brevifolia - see Cyperus brevifolius Cyperaceae<br />

monocephala - see Cyperus<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

L asia<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa (L.) Thw.<br />

Leersia<br />

Araceae<br />

TPR<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Welw. Lemnaceae NSP<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L. Lemnaceae TPR<br />

perpusilla - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Lemnaceae<br />

polyrhiza - see Spirodela polyrhiza Lemnaceae<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees Poaceae<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

filiformis (Lam.) P. Beauv. Poaceae<br />

TPR<br />

neesii (Thw.) Benth. Poaceae<br />

NSP<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Leucas<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR<br />

lav<strong>and</strong>ulaefolium - see L. l<strong>in</strong>ifolia Lamiaceae<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia (Roth) Spreng.<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

UPL<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Nymphoides <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Limnocharis<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Limnophila<br />

Butomaceae TPR,TSR<br />

aromatica (Lam.) Merr.<br />

erecta Benth.<br />

villosa BI.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae TPR,UPL<br />

angustifolia - see L. aragattis Scrophulariaceae<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

Scrophulariaceae TPR,UPL<br />

aragattis (Burm. f.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae NSP<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

Scrophulariaceae UPL<br />

cordifolia - see L. anagallis Scrophulariaceae<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

Scrophulariaceae TPR<br />

hyssopioides (L.) Ha<strong>in</strong>es<br />

Scrophulariaceae TPR<br />

procumbens (Krock.) Philcox Scrophulariaceae UPL<br />

pyxidaria - see L. procumbens Scrophulariaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

argentea - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth<br />

Lippia<br />

javanica Spreng.<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Lophotocarpus<br />

guyanensis - see Sagittaria<br />

guayensis<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

parviflora - see L. perennis<br />

perennis L.<br />

peruviana (L.) Hara<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

Lygodium<br />

flexuosum (L.) Sw.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mapania<br />

cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

cyperoides - see Cyperus<br />

cyperoides<br />

dilutus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melastoma<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e D. Don<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Schizaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDONESIA 197<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR

198 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Melastoma (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

malabathricum L.<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

polyanthum - see M. aff<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Melochia<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

concatenata L.<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Merremia<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

emarg<strong>in</strong>ata (Burm. f.) Hall. f. Convolvulaceae<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

vitifolia (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Mesona<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

palustris BI.<br />

Microcarpaea<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (Koen. ex Retz.) Merr.<br />

Mikania<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son Asteraceae<br />

micrantha Kunth<br />

Mimosa<br />

Asteraceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>visa Mart. ex Colla<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

pigra L.<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mitracarpus<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

villosus (Sw.) DC.<br />

Mollugo<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

hirta - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us lotoides<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

lotoides - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us lotoides Aizoaceae<br />

oppositifolia - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

oppositifolius<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

pentaphylla L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

blumei (Hassk.) Brenan<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

keisak (Hassk.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Mass. Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>ata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

brasiliense - see M. aquaticum Haloragaceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

N ajas<br />

falciculata - see N. <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Cham.<br />

malesiana De Wilde<br />

Nasturtium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Rorippa <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

parviflora (wall.) O.K.<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

corymbosa - see Hedyotis<br />

corymbosa<br />

dichotoma H.K. f.<br />

diffusa - see Hedyotis diffusa<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

perennis (annual) - see O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

perennis (perennial) - see O.<br />

rufipogon<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

sativa var. fatua - see O. nivara,<br />

O. rufipogon, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae NSP<br />

Najadaceae TPR<br />

Najadaceae NSP<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae NSP<br />

Nymphaceae NSP<br />

Gentianaceae TPR<br />

Gentianaceae NSP<br />

Lamiaceae NSP<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae NSP<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae TSR<br />

INDONESIA 199

200 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Oxalis<br />

barrelieri L.<br />

corniculata L.<br />

repens - see O. corniculata<br />

P anicum<br />

amplexicaule - see Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma<br />

auritum Presl ex Nees<br />

colonum - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa colona<br />

crus-galli - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

crus-galli<br />

distachyon - see Brachiaria<br />

distachya<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Sacciolepis <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

<strong>in</strong>terruptum - see Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta<br />

isachne - see Brachiaria<br />

eruciformis<br />

palmifolium - see Setaria palmifolia<br />

paludosum Roxb.<br />

proliferum Rank<br />

purpurascens - see Brachiaria<br />

mutica<br />

repens L.<br />

reptans - see Brachiaria reptans<br />

sarmentosum Roxb.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>um - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a<br />

trypheron Schult.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

Paspalum<br />

cartilag<strong>in</strong>eum - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

commersonii - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

distichum L.<br />

longiflorum - see Digitaria<br />

longiflora<br />

longifolium Roxb.<br />

metzii - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Paspalum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

orbiculare - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

paspalodes - see P. distichum<br />

platycoleum - see P. longifolium<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>ale - see Digitaria<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Passiflora<br />

foetida L.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

polystachion (L.) Schult.<br />

purpureum K. Schum.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium<br />

lathryroides<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

amarus Schum. & Thonn.<br />

debilis Herb. Ham. ex Wall.<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

maderaspatensis L.<br />

niruri - see P. fraternus<br />

simplex - see P. virgatus<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L.<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Physalis<br />

angulata L.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

peruviana L.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Plumbago<br />

zeylanica L.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

auricularius (L.) Hassk.<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Passifloraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Plumbag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDONESIA 201

202 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Polanisia<br />

icos<strong>and</strong>ra - see Cleome viscosa<br />

viscosa - see Cleome viscosa<br />

Polygala<br />

arvensis Willd.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis - see P. arvensis<br />

paniculata L.<br />

Polygonum<br />

alatum - see P. nepalense<br />

barbatum L.<br />

caespitosum BI.<br />

hydropiper L.<br />

nepalense Meissn.<br />

plebeium R. Br.<br />

pulchrum - see P. tomentosum<br />

tomentosum Willd.<br />

Polytrias<br />

amaura (Buse) O.K.<br />

Porophyllum<br />

ruderale (Jacq.) Cass.<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickerv<br />

Pycreus<br />

eragrostis - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

globosus - see Cyperus flavidus<br />

nitens - see Cyperus pumilis<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus<br />

polystachyos<br />

pumilus - see Cyperus pumilus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchelytrum<br />

repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

roseum - see R. repens<br />

Rhynchospora<br />

aurea - see R. corymbosa<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Rhynchospora (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

submarg<strong>in</strong>ata Kuk.<br />

wightiana (Nees) Steud.<br />

Richardia<br />

brasiliensis (Moq.) Gomez<br />

scabra L.<br />

Richardsonia<br />

brasiliensis - see Richardia<br />

brasiliensis<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

Rostellularia<br />

sundana Brem.<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.)<br />

B. van Leeuwen<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

leptopetala - see R. rosea<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Blatt. & Hallb.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D.<br />

Clayton<br />

exaltata - see R. coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Ruppia<br />

maritima L.<br />

S accharum<br />

sp.<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

angusta - see S. <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

<strong>in</strong>sulicola - see Panicum auritum<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (Willd.) Stapf<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayensis Kunth<br />

platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Sm.<br />

Cyperaceae NSP<br />

Cyperaceae NSP<br />

Rubiaceae UPL<br />

Rubiaceae NSP<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Brassicaceae NSP<br />

Acanthaceae NSP<br />

Lythraceae TPR<br />

Lythraceae NSP<br />

Lythraceae TPR<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae TPR<br />

Lythraceae NSP<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae TPR<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

Poaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae NSP<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae TPR,TSR<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

Alismataceae NSP<br />

Alismataceae NSP<br />

INDONESIA 203

204 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Sagittaria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

auriculata - see S. molesta<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell<br />

natans (L.) All.<br />

Scirpodendron<br />

ghaeri (Gaertn.) Merr.<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

litoralis Schrad.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

oryzetorium - see S. lateriflorus<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Sclerachne<br />

punctata R. Br.<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

purpurascens Steud.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Senna<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

Sesbania<br />

javanica Miq.<br />

Setaria<br />

pallide-fusca - see S. pumila<br />

palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR,TSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

retusa - see S. rhombifolia<br />

rhombifolia L.<br />

Sonchus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

asper (L.) Hill<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spigelia<br />

anthelmia L.<br />

Spilanthes<br />

acmella - see S. iabadicensis<br />

calva DC.<br />

iabadicensis A.H. Moore<br />

paniculata Wall. ex DC.<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

berteroanus - see S. poiretti<br />

humilis Presl<br />

poiretti (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc.<br />

Stachytarpheta<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Vahl<br />

jamaicensis (L.) Vahl<br />

Stemodia<br />

verticillata (Mill.) Bold.<br />

Stenochlaena<br />

palustris (Burm.) Bedd.<br />

Striga<br />

asiatica (L.) O.K.<br />

lutea - see S. asiatica<br />

Stylidium<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides R. Br.<br />

tenellum Sw.<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Loganiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Blechnaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Stylidaceae<br />

Stylidaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDONESIA 205

206 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Stylosanthes<br />

humilis Kunth<br />

sundaica - see S. humilis<br />

Suaeda<br />

maritima (L.) Dum.<br />

Synedrella<br />

nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.<br />

T enagocharis<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch.<br />

Themeda<br />

sp.<br />

Thoracostachyum<br />

sumatranum (Miq.) Kurz<br />

Thysanolaena<br />

maxima (Roxb.) O.K.<br />

Torenia<br />

crustacea - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

crustacea<br />

violacea (Azaola ex Blanco)<br />

Pennell<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

ferax - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Tridax<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Triumfetta<br />

graveolens BI.<br />

rhomboidea Jacq.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

Typhonium<br />

divaricatum (L.) Decne<br />

flagelliforme - see T. divaricatum<br />

trilobatum (L.) Schott<br />

U raria<br />

lagopodoides (L.) Desv. ex DC.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Urena<br />

lobata L. Malvaceae TPR<br />

Utricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

baouleensis A. Chev.<br />

bifida L.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

pilosa (Mak<strong>in</strong>o) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

V <strong>and</strong>ellia<br />

crustacea (L.) Benth.<br />

Vernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

patula (Dry<strong>and</strong>.) Merr.<br />

W edelia<br />

biflora (L.) DC.<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TSR<br />

X yris<br />

capensis Thunb. Xyridaceae NSP<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L. Xyridaceae TPR<br />

INDONESIA 207<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Indonesia.<br />

Ackerson R C, Davis LA (1987) Metsulfuron methyl - a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 137-143 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Agronomy Division, Central Institute for Agriculture (1974) Progress report of a weed control<br />

experiment on upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> 1973 wet season. Paper presented at the International Rice<br />

Research Conference, 22-25 Apr 1974, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños,<br />

Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Amir R, Yas<strong>in</strong> HG M (1987) Effect of <strong>in</strong>teraction between herbicides <strong>and</strong> nitrogen on weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> [<strong>in</strong> Indonesian, English abstract]. Weed Res. Bull. 1:1-9.<br />

Angudi S (1971) Progress report on paraquat m<strong>in</strong>imum tillage <strong>and</strong> paraquat zero tillage<br />

<strong>in</strong>vestigation <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 141-143 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Indonesian<br />

Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Anonymous (1971) Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary list of weeds commonly found <strong>in</strong> Indonesian agriculture. Paper<br />

presented at the 8th session of the FAO Plant Protection Committee for the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong><br />

<strong>and</strong> the Pacific Region, 4-11 Oct 1971, Jakarta, Indonesia. 6 p.<br />

Ardjasa W S, Sudiman A, Noor E S (1979) The effects of several weed species toward <strong>rice</strong> [<strong>in</strong><br />

Indonesian, English abstract]. Pages 14-26 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 5th Indonesian Weed<br />

Science Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Baccam L, Utomo I, Soendaroe M (1975) Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary study of weed control at different spac<strong>in</strong>g<br />

of transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 239-251 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed Science<br />

Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia, B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Backer C A, Bakhuizen van den Br<strong>in</strong>k R C (1963-1968) Flora of Java. Wolters-Noordhoff N.V.-<br />

Gron<strong>in</strong>gen, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.

208 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Bangun P, Wiroatmodjo J (1986) Dom<strong>in</strong>ant weeds <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong> Indonesian food crops.<br />

Pages 163-181 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the symposium <strong>in</strong> weed science. J.V. Pancho, S.S. Sas-<br />

troutomo <strong>and</strong> S. Tjitrosemito, eds., Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional Center for Tropical Biology,<br />

Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Calderon J I, Hare C J, Palis F V, Burhan H, Bh<strong>and</strong>hufalck A, Chong W C (1987) Setoff - a new<br />

<strong>rice</strong> herbicide for S.E. <strong>Asia</strong>. Pages 73-79 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Carew B P (1984) Large-scale farm<strong>in</strong>g border<strong>in</strong>g the Musi River tidal swamps: the P.T. Patra<br />

Tani project. Pages 29-36 <strong>in</strong> Workshop on research priorities <strong>in</strong> tidal swamp <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

De Datta S K (1977) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>: methods <strong>and</strong> trends. Philipp. Weed<br />

Sci. Bull. 4:39-63.<br />

Dekker R J (1981) Notes on new or remarkable Indonesian weed species. Pages 243-248 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 6th Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of<br />

Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Hanafiah A R, Sisombat L, Sathal H (1973) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> irrigated lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> different soil types<br />

<strong>in</strong> Bogor district. Pages 131-138 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d Indonesian Weed Science<br />

Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Holm L G, Herberger J (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> of tropical crops. Pages 1132-1149 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

10th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Mangoensoekardjo S, Kadnan N (1971) Weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 133-139 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of<br />

Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Mangoensoekardjo S, Kadnan N (1971) Weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with mixtures of propanil<br />

<strong>and</strong> 2,4-D esters. Pages 235-240 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Mangoensoekardjo S, Pancho J V (1975) Current status of weed problems <strong>in</strong> rubber, oil palm,<br />

cocoa, tea <strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> their control [<strong>in</strong> Indonesian, English abstract]. Bull. Balai Penelitian<br />

Perkebunan Medan 6(1):3,13-27.<br />

Nakagawa K (1972) Weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control research <strong>in</strong> the <strong>south</strong>-east<br />

<strong>Asia</strong> [<strong>in</strong> Japanese]. Weed Res. Jpn. 13:6-14.<br />

Noor H A, Watson G A (1986) Farmer management of weeds <strong>in</strong> tidal swamp <strong>rice</strong> cultivation,<br />

<strong>south</strong> <strong>and</strong> central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Pages 251-261 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the symposium<br />

<strong>in</strong> weed science. J.V. Pancho, S.S. Sastroutomo <strong>and</strong> S. Tjitrosemito, eds., Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n<br />

Regional Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972. Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Mangoensoekardjo S (1975) Notes on witchweed ( Striga lutea Lour.): a potential<br />

pest of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Pages 207-211 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed<br />

Science Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia. B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.

INDONESIA 209<br />

Pane H, Sundaru M (1981) Response of important weeds <strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> varieties IR-36 <strong>and</strong> Sukan<strong>and</strong>i<br />

to 2,4-D under several levels of N fertilization [<strong>in</strong> Indonesian, English abstract]. Pages 181-<br />

191 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 6th Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science<br />

Society of Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia.<br />

Pieterse A H, Siregar H, Soemarwoto O (1975) The spread of noxious aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> the<br />

Citarum Bas<strong>in</strong>. Pages 458-462 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed Science<br />

Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia, B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Pons T L, Utomo I H (1979) The competition of selected weed species with lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Biotrop<br />

Newsl. 28:5.<br />

Purba R M, Munirudd<strong>in</strong>, Junan M (1973) Weed control experiment on lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with<br />

herbicides [<strong>in</strong> Indonesian, English abstract]. In Risalah Sem<strong>in</strong>ar Rerumputan. S. Mangoen-<br />

soekarjo, ed., Balai Penelitian Perkebunan, Medan/Weed Science Society of Indonesia,<br />

Jakarta, Indonesia. 3 p.<br />

Quadranti M, Rufence J, Zoschke A (1987) CGA 142,464: a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 117-128 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Rahman M, Lamid Z, Sjahbudd<strong>in</strong> (1975) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>undated <strong>rice</strong> field <strong>in</strong> west Sumatra. Pages<br />

269-278 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science<br />

Society of Indonesia, B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Robson T O (1976) A review of the distribution of aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> the tropics <strong>and</strong> sub-tropics.<br />

Pages 25-30 <strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk,<br />

The Hague, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Ronoprawiro S (1975) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> crops <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 232-233 <strong>in</strong><br />

Reviews on pest, disease <strong>and</strong> weed problems <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed crops <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Far East.<br />

RAFE 23. D.B. Reddy, ed., FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Ronoprawiro S, Mardjuki A, Nasution R E (1971) The <strong>in</strong>ventory of weeds Pages 59-86 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of<br />

Indonesia, Bogor Indonesia.<br />

Satari G, Trimar<strong>in</strong>i A (1974) Some notes on fish production with lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> as a biological<br />

method to control weeds. Paper presented at the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Siregar H. Soemarwoto O (1976) Studies on Panicum repens L. <strong>in</strong> west Java. Pages 211-213 <strong>in</strong><br />

Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk, The Hague, The<br />

Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Soelastri S, Tjitrosoepomo G (1974) Salv<strong>in</strong>ia sp. <strong>in</strong> the special region of Yogyakarta. Paper<br />

presented at the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang,<br />

Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M (1971) Present status of weed problem <strong>and</strong> the importance of weed dispersal <strong>in</strong><br />

Indonesia. Paper presented at the 8th session of the FAO Plant Protection Committee for<br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific region, 4-11 Oct 1971, Jakarta, Indonesia. 27 p.<br />

Soerjani M (1977) Weed management <strong>and</strong> weed science development <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 31-<br />

41 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 6th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M, Kostermans A J G H, Tjitrosoepomo G. eds. (1987) <strong>Weeds</strong> of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Balai<br />

Pustaka, Jakarta, Indonesia. 716 p.<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V, Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Soerjani M, Soedarsan A, Mangoensoekarjo S, Kuntohartono T, Sundaru M (1976) Weed<br />

problems <strong>and</strong> prospects for chemical control <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 18-22 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />

the 5th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society, Tokyo, Japan.

210 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Soerjani M, Soemarwoto O, Azis H, Somaatmadja D, Partosoedarso M, Tirtarahardja P,<br />

Sommamadja M (1971) Past, present <strong>and</strong> future of weed research <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 177-<br />

191 <strong>in</strong> Tropical weeds: some problems, biology <strong>and</strong> control. M. Soerjani, ed., Southeast<br />

<strong>Asia</strong>n Regional Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M, Soetidjo D, Soemarwoto O (1969) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> food crops <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. PANS<br />

15:334-339.<br />

Soerjani M, Sundaru M, Anwar C (1986) Present status of weed problems <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong><br />

Indonesia. Pages 7-21 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the symposium <strong>in</strong> weed science. J.V. Pancho, S.S.<br />

Sastroutomo <strong>and</strong> S. Tjitrosemito, eds., Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional Center for Tropical<br />

Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M, Tirtarahardja P (1971) Prospects for chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 18-<br />

35 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Soetidjo D, Sjarifullah G (1971) The use of propanil <strong>and</strong> MCPA <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> cultivation. Pages<br />

129-132 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science<br />

Society of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Sundaru M (1969) The effectiveness of several herbicides on weeds of lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 135-<br />

141 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Sundaru M (1971) Evaluation of some promis<strong>in</strong>g granular herbicide application on transplanted<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the 3d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, 7-12 Jun<br />

1971, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Sundaru M (1971) Results of an experiment with granular herbicides on transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages<br />

115-119 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science<br />

Society of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Sundaru M (1973) Some results of a multilocation test with granular herbicides on transplanted<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Pages 259-263 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed<br />

Science Society of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Sundaru M (1975) A multi-location test of granular herbicides on transplanted <strong>rice</strong> Pages 270-<br />

274 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 5th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society, Tokyo, Japan.<br />

Sundaru M (1975) Dosage <strong>and</strong> time of application of MCPA on transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 279-287<br />

<strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of<br />

Indonesia, B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Sundaru M (1981) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> paddy field <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 57-61 <strong>in</strong> <strong>Weeds</strong><br />

<strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>. FFTC Book Ser. 20. Food <strong>and</strong> Fertilizer Technology Center,<br />

Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Sundaru M, Sudiman A, Prayoto (1979) Efficacy of several preplant<strong>in</strong>g herbicides on tidal<br />

swamp <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 71-73 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 7th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society<br />

Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Sydney, Australia. (suppl.)<br />

Suryatna E S, McIntosh J L (1982) Weed control <strong>in</strong> a shift<strong>in</strong>g cultivation <strong>and</strong> permanent<br />

agriculture. Pages 61-71 <strong>in</strong> Weed control <strong>in</strong> small farms. M. Soerjani, D.E. Barnes <strong>and</strong> T.O.<br />

Robson, eds., <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Sutidjo D (1969) Control of weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with propanil <strong>and</strong> MCPA. Pages 129-134 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Tjitrosoepomo G, Wirjahardja S, Soerjani M (1974) Important aquatic weeds <strong>and</strong> their problems<br />

<strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Paper presented at the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29<br />

Jun 1974, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950-) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Jakarta Indonesia.

INDONESIA 211<br />

Wirjahardja S, Dekker R J, Utomo I H, Eussen J H H, Laumonier E K, Megia R (1979) The<br />

biology of important weeds (distribution, taxonomy, ecology <strong>and</strong> physiology) <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields.<br />

Biotrop Newsl. 30:7-8.<br />

Wirjahardja S, Nurfilmarasa E (1975) Some autecological aspects of wild <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 18-32 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of<br />

Indonesia, B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Yas<strong>in</strong> HG M, P<strong>and</strong>ang M S, Bahar F A (1987) Performance of "oxyfluorfen" as pre-emergence<br />

herbicide on transplanted <strong>and</strong> direct seeded <strong>rice</strong> [<strong>in</strong> Indonesian, English abstract]. Weed<br />

Res. Bull. 1:50-74.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Kampuchea.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

A eschynomene<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Apocopis<br />

wrightii Munro<br />

Aponogeton<br />

lakhonensis A. Camus<br />

rob<strong>in</strong>sonii A. Camus<br />

Azolla<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B ergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Bonnaya<br />

multiflora Bonati<br />

veronicaefolia Spreng.<br />

Brachiaria<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

C eratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae

214 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

longifolia Lam.<br />

salicifolia - see C. longifolia<br />

Corchorus<br />

capsularis L.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus axillaris<br />

papilionacea Schult. f.<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

halpan L.<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

longus L.<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

D igitaria<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Dopatrium<br />

acutifolium Bonati<br />

Drosera<br />

burmanni Vahl<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see E. dulcis<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

variegata (Poir.) Presl<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

australe R. Br.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

sieboldianum - see E. sexangulare<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Eulalia<br />

monostachya (Balansa) A. Camus<br />

KAMPUCHEA 215<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae

216 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Fimbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

polytrichoides (Retz.) R. Br.<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

stolonifera C.B. Clarke<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G l<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Goodenia<br />

kon<strong>in</strong>gsbergeri (Back.) Back. ex Bold.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

H eleocharis<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see Eleocharis dulcis<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

Hibiscus<br />

cannab<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

I pomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

bilboa - see I. pes-caprae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Goodeniaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ipomoea (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

chryseides - see Merremia hederacea<br />

pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.<br />

lschaemum<br />

aristatum - see I. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Jussiaea<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens<br />

K yll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

monocephala - see Cyperus kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Nymphoides <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Lirnnophila<br />

conferata - see L. repens<br />

repens (Benth.) Benth.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

Ciliata (Colsrn.) Pennell<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Lippia<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

griffithii Hook. f. & Thoms.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

KAMPUCHEA 217<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae

218 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ludwigia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Merremia<br />

hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Mesona<br />

palustris BI.<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastaefolia - see M. hastata<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.<br />

brasiliense - see M. aquaticum<br />

N ajas<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Cham.<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Neptunia<br />

oleracea Lour.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

lotus L.<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

stellata - see N. nouchali<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Gentianaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara, O. sativa<br />

f. sportanea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

japonica - see O. alismoides<br />

P anicum<br />

cambogiense Balansa<br />

luzonense - see P. cambogiense<br />

repens L.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

Paspalum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium lathryroides<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol.<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Pycreus<br />

baccha - see Cyperus procerus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

KAMPUCHEA 219<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Philydraceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

220 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.) B. van Leeuwen<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

S agittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

Scirpus<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

multifoliata - see S. purpurascens<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

purpurascens Steud.<br />

rugosa R.Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Sesbania<br />

javanica Miq.<br />

paludosa - see S. javanica<br />

Sesuvium<br />

portulacastrum (L.) L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

T rianthema<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Typhaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

U tricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

exoleta R. Br.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

odorata Pellegr.<br />

V etiveria<br />

zizanioides (L.) Nash<br />

Villarsia<br />

rhomboidalis Dop<br />

X yris<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

KAMPUCHEA 221<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Kampuchea.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Lecomte H (1907-1951) General flora of Indo-ch<strong>in</strong>a [<strong>in</strong> French]. Masson et Cie, Paris.<br />

Lecomte H, Tardieu-blot M L, eds. (1960- ) Flora of Cambodia,<br />

Laos <strong>and</strong> Vietnam [<strong>in</strong> French]. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972, Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Sathal H (1973) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> low l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields <strong>in</strong> Khmer. Pages 163-165 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs<br />

of the 2d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia,<br />

Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V, Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Jakarta, Indonesia.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Laos.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

A eschynomene<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Aponogeton<br />

rob<strong>in</strong>sonii A. Camus<br />

Arundo<br />

donax L.<br />

Azolla<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex Aschers. & Guerke<br />

lancifolia - see B. auberti<br />

Bonnaya<br />

oppositifolia Spreng.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae

224 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Borreria<br />

ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

Brachiaria<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

C elosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Centranthera<br />

brunoniana Benth.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chara<br />

sp.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Cissus<br />

repens - see Vitis repens<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gyaridropsis gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Coix<br />

aquatica Roxb.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus axillaris<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Vitaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

diffusus Vahl<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

halpan L.<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

longus L.<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

microbachne - see D. setigera<br />

setigera Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

acutifolium Bonati<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

LAOS 225<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae

226 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Er. & Sav.) Palla<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Euphorbia<br />

hirta L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

G l<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Capparaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

H eliotropium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

Herpestis<br />

monnieri - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

l mperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

Ipomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

lsachne<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

lschaemum<br />

ciliare - see l. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Jussiaea<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

sp.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Family<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

LAOS 227<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Butomaceae

228 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Limnophila<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osbeck.) Merr.<br />

geoffrayi Bonati<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

hirsuta - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

laotica Bonati<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Lobelia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

griffithii Hook. f. & Thoms.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melochia<br />

pyramidata L.<br />

Mesona<br />

palustris BI.<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mollugo<br />

verticillata - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us oppositifolius<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastaefolia - see M. hastata<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Monochoria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N elumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Neptunia<br />

oleracea Lour.<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oryza<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

P anicum<br />

repens L.<br />

trichoides Sw.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

Paspalum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Passiflora<br />

foetida L.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium lathryroides<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol.<br />

Phragmites<br />

australls (Cav.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

communis - see P. australis<br />

Physalis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

LAOS 229<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Passifloraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Philydraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Solanaceae

230 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Polygonum<br />

tomentosum Willd.<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.) B. van Leeuwen<br />

densiflora (Roth) Koehne<br />

diversifolia Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne<br />

S accharum<br />

spontaneum L.<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

Scirpus<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

Araceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Scleria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

rhombifolia L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

T enagocharis<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch.<br />

Trianthema<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

U tricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

V ernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

Vitis<br />

repens Wight & Arn.<br />

X yris<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

LAOS 231<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Vitaceae<br />

Xyridaceae

232 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Laos.<br />

Choulamountry O (1974) An <strong>in</strong>troduction to aquatic weeds of Laos. Paper presented at the<br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Gangstad E O, Seaman D E, Nelson M L (1972) Potential growth of aquatic plants of the lower<br />

Mekong river bas<strong>in</strong> Laos-Thail<strong>and</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 10:4-9.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hamet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subiamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Lecomte H (1907-1951) General flora of Indo-ch<strong>in</strong>a [<strong>in</strong> French]. Masson et Cie, Paris.<br />

Lecomte H, Tardieu-blot M L, eds. (1960- ) Flora of Cambodia, Laos <strong>and</strong> Vietnam [<strong>in</strong> French].<br />

Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong> Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972, Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Sisounthone C, Sisombat L (1973) Brief <strong>in</strong>formation on weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields <strong>in</strong> Laos. Pages 151-<br />

153 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society<br />

of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V, Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N. V., Jakarta, Indonesia.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Malaysia.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

A eschynomene<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra - see A. sessilis<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

nummularifolius - see A. vag<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.)Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

peploides - see Rotala <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Aneilema<br />

keisak - see Murdannia keisak<br />

nudiflorum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

Azolla<br />

filiculoides Lam.<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B ergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

malayana - see B. auberti<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Commellnaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

VOL,WSR<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR

234 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Borreria<br />

laevis (Lam.) Griseb.<br />

setidens (Miq.) Bold.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedia - see B. bladhii<br />

Brachiaria<br />

miliiformis (Presl) A. Chase<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

paspaloides (Presl) C.E. Hubb.<br />

C alopogonium<br />

mucunoides Desv.<br />

Centipeda<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers.<br />

orbicularis - see C. m<strong>in</strong>ima<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron.<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chamaeraphis<br />

squarrosa - see Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens<br />

Chara<br />

gymnopitys Brann.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L.<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Clidemia<br />

hirta (L.) D. Don<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

DIR,VOL<br />

TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

VOL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

diffusa Burm. f. Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

nudiflora - see Murdannia nudifiora<br />

Crotalaria<br />

mucronata - see C. pallida<br />

pallida Ait.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quefolia L.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris<br />

cristata D. Don.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

aromaticus (Rid .) Mattf. & Kuk.<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

babakensis - see C. babakan<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

ferax - see C. odoratus<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

longus L.<br />

luzulae Rottb. ex Willd.<br />

malaccensis Lam.<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

MALAYSIA 235<br />

TPR<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DIR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

TP R<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

VOL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP

236 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

substram<strong>in</strong>eus Kuk.<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

trialatus (Boeck.) Kern<br />

Cyrtococcum<br />

patens (L.) A. Camus<br />

trigonum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

D entella<br />

repens (L.) Forst.<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

violascens L.<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Dysophylla<br />

verticillata - see Pogostemon<br />

stellatus<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>odorus<br />

ridleyi Steen<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

WSR<br />

DIR,VOL,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eleocharis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

chaetaria - see E. retroflexa<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

fistulosa - see E. acutangula<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

ochrostachys Steud.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

variegata (Poir.) Presl<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Emilia<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Enhydrias<br />

angustifolia Ridl.<br />

angustipetala - see Blyxa japonica<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Eragrostis<br />

amabilis - see E. tenella<br />

Poaceae<br />

atrovirens (Desf.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud. Poaceae<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Poaceae<br />

Schult.<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Poaceae<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

disepalum Ridl.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart. Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriochloa<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. Poaceae<br />

Eupatorium<br />

odoratum - see Chromolaena Asteraceae<br />

odorata<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma Cyperaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

MALAYSIA 237

238 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Fimbristylis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

pauciflora R. Br.<br />

podocarpa - see F. tomentosa<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

glomerata - see F. ciliaris<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G l<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Grangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

H edyotis<br />

diffusa L.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (Lf.) Royle<br />

Hydrocera<br />

triflora (L.) Wight & Arn.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

phlomoides Nees<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Geraniaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong> Poaceae<br />

myurus - see Sacciolepis myurus Poaceae<br />

pseudo<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see H. Poaceae<br />

acutigluma<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

Hyptis<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

brevipes Poit.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

l mperata<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

Ipomoea<br />

Poaceae<br />

aquatica Forssk. Convolvulaceae<br />

reptans - see I. aquatica<br />

lsachne<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

australis - see I. himalaica Poaceae<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K. Poaceae<br />

himalaica Hook. f. Poaceae<br />

pangerangensis Zoll. & Mor. Poaceae<br />

lschaemum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr. Poaceae<br />

muticum L. Poaceae<br />

rugosum Salisb. Poaceae<br />

timorense Kunth Poaceae<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us Cyperaceae<br />

Jussiaea<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigis hyssopifolia Onagraceae<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia Onagraceae<br />

octovalvis<br />

K yll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

monocephala - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

oryzoides (L.) Sw.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DIR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

Onagraceae<br />

MALAYSIA 239<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP

240 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Lemna<br />

aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Welw. Lemnaceae<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L. Lemnaceae<br />

perpusilla - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Lemnaceae<br />

polyrhiza - see Spirodela polyrhiza Lemnaceae<br />

tenera Kurz Lemnaceae<br />

trisulca L.<br />

Lepironia<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

articulata (Retz.) Dom<strong>in</strong><br />

Leptochloa<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

brownii C.E. Hubb. Poaceae<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees Poaceae<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi Poaceae<br />

polystachya - see L. brownii<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

Poaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Nymphoides <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Limnocharis<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Limnophila<br />

Butomaceae<br />

aromatica (Lam.) Merr. Scrophulariaceae<br />

erecta Benth. Scrophulariaceae<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

micrantha (Benth.) Benth.<br />

sessiliflora BI.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

peduncul +<br />

- a Wettst.<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth<br />

Lippia<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

Ludwigia<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

Onagraceae<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell Onagraceae<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

VOL<br />

VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Ludwigia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see L. hyssopifolia<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Merremia<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

Microcarpaea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (Koen. ex Retz.) Merr.<br />

Mikania<br />

cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

micrantha Kunth<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

elata - see M. hastata var. elata<br />

hastaefolia - see M. hastata<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

hastata (L.) Solms var. elata<br />

(Ridl.) Back.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

keisak (Hassk.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Mass.<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N ajas<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

malesiana De Wilde<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

MALAYSIA 241<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL,VOL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

242 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Neptunia<br />

oleracea Lour.<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Nymphaea<br />

lotus L. Nymphaceae<br />

nouchali Burm. f. Nymphaceae<br />

stellata - see N. nouchali Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphoides<br />

humboldtianum (Kunth) Hoehne Gentianaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L. Lamiaceae<br />

Oenanthe<br />

javanica (BI.) DC. Apiaceae<br />

stolonifera - see O. javanica Apiaceae<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

dichotoma H.K. f. Rubiaceae<br />

diffusa - see Hedyotis diffusa Rubiaceae<br />

Oplismenus<br />

compositus (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara, Poaceae<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl Poaceae<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry Poaceae<br />

rufipogon Griff. Poaceae<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev. Poaceae<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oxalis<br />

corniculata L.<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

corymbosa DC.<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

P anicum<br />

amplexicaule - see Hymenachne Poaceae<br />

acutigluma<br />

auritum Presl ex Nees Poaceae<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Panicum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Sacciolepis <strong>in</strong>dica Poaceae<br />

maximum Jacq. Poaceae<br />

nodosum - see Ottochloa nodosa Poaceae<br />

repens L. Poaceae<br />

sarmentosurn Roxb. Poaceae<br />

trigonum - see Cyrtococcum<br />

trigonum<br />

Poaceae<br />

walense Mez Poaceae<br />

Paspalum<br />

commersonii - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

longifoliurn Roxb.<br />

orbiculare - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

platycoleum - see P. longifolium<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium Fabaceae (P)<br />

lathryroides<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol. Philydraceae<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

fraternus Webster Euphorbiaceae<br />

niruri - see P. fraternus Euphorbiaceae<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L. Euphorbiaceae<br />

Physalis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Araceae<br />

Pogostemon<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

polystachyos<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

MALAYSIA 243

244 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Pycreus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

Polygonum<br />

barbatum L.<br />

hydropiper L.<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickery<br />

R hynchospora<br />

aurea - see R. corymbosa<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

submarg<strong>in</strong>ata Kuk.<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.)<br />

B. van Leeuwen<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

Ruppia<br />

maritima L.<br />

S acciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (Willd.) Stapf<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

myurus (Lam.) A. Chase<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

auriculata - see S. molesta<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell<br />

natans (L.) All.<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR, WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

VOL,WSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Scirpus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

wallichii Nees<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

oryzoides - see S. poaeformis<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Sparganophorus<br />

vaillantii - see Struchium<br />

sparganophorum<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Struchium<br />

sparganophorum (L.) O.K.<br />

Stylidium<br />

tenellum Sw.<br />

T hemeda<br />

villosa (Poir.) A. Camus<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

U tricularia<br />

alb<strong>in</strong>a - see U. caerulea<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Stylidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

MALAYSIA 245<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP

246 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Utricularia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

caerulea L.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>utissima Vahl<br />

pilosa (Mak<strong>in</strong>o) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

V <strong>and</strong>ellia<br />

elata Benth.<br />

pedunculata Benth.<br />

W olffia<br />

arrhiza (L.) Wimm.<br />

X yris<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Malaysia.<br />

Ackerson R C, Davis L A (1987) Metsulfuron methyl - a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 137-143 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Allen E F, Bewlay E W (1949) Investigations on the mechanical cultivation of padi at<br />

Chenderong Balai, 1948-1949. Malayan Agric. J. 32:208-222.<br />

Baki B B (1981) Weed management <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Malaysia. Pages 228-254 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of a<br />

workshop on <strong>in</strong>tegrated pest control for <strong>rice</strong>. Malaysian Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong><br />

Development Institute, Bumbong Lima, Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai. Malaysia.<br />

Baki B B, Khir A R (1983) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> major <strong>rice</strong> grow<strong>in</strong>g areas <strong>in</strong> Pen<strong>in</strong>sular Malaysia: detection<br />

<strong>and</strong> classification of groups of ecologically related species by multivariate analysis. Paper<br />

presented at the Symposium on Weed Science <strong>in</strong> the Tropics, 4-5 Oct 1983, Universiti<br />

Pertanian Malaysia, Ser<strong>and</strong>ang, Selangor, Malaysia.<br />

Baki B B, Supaad M A (1983) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> direct-seeded <strong>rice</strong> with special reference<br />

to butachlor or butachlor + 2,4-D IPE. Paper presented at the Symposium on Weed<br />

Science <strong>in</strong> the Tropics, 4-5 Oct 1983, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Ser<strong>and</strong>ang, Selangor,<br />

Malaysia.<br />

Barnes D E, Ch<strong>and</strong>apillai M M (1972) Common Malaysian weeds <strong>and</strong> their control. Ansul<br />

(Malaysia) Sdn. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 146 p.<br />

Buckley T A (1951) Notes on the control of trees <strong>and</strong> weeds by phytocides. Malaysian Agric. J.<br />

34:27-31.<br />

Burkill I H (1966) A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Pen<strong>in</strong>sula. Vol. 1 & 2. 2d<br />

ed. M<strong>in</strong>istry of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Calderon J I, Hare C J, Palis F V, Burhan H, Bh<strong>and</strong>hufalck A, Chong W C (1987) Setoff - a new<br />

<strong>rice</strong> herbicide for S.E. <strong>Asia</strong>. Pages 73-79 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11 th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Cheam A H (1974) Current status of aquatic weed problems <strong>in</strong> Pen<strong>in</strong>sular Malaysia. Paper<br />

presented at the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang,<br />

Indonesia. 14 p.<br />

Coleman P G, Haynes D W N, Hitchcock J L B (1956) Observations on the control of weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

padi fields by the use of herbicides. Malayan Agric. J. 39:191-199.<br />

Elias R S (1969) Rice production <strong>and</strong> m<strong>in</strong>imum tillage. Outlook Agric. 6(2):67-70.

MALAYSIA 247<br />

Enoch I C (1972) Notes on some common members of the Cyperaceae <strong>in</strong> West Malaysia.<br />

Malayan Agric. 11:69-77.<br />

Gillil<strong>and</strong> H B (1971) A revised flora of Malaya. Vol. III. Grasses. Botanic Gardens, Government<br />

Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Office, S<strong>in</strong>gapore. 319 p.<br />

Glass E H, Smith R J Jr, Thomason I J. Thurston H.D (1972) Plant protection problems <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 66 p.<br />

Grist D H (1 965) Rice. 4th ed. Longmans. London, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 548 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae.<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Henderson M R (1954) Malayan wild flowers. Monocotyledons. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala<br />

Lumpur, Malaysia. 357 p.<br />

Henderson M R (1959) Malayan wild flowers. Dicotyledons. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala<br />

Lumpur, Malaysia. 472 p.<br />

Hill R D (1 982) Agriculture <strong>in</strong> the Malaysian region. Geography of world agriculture 11. Research<br />

Institute of Geography, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. 232 p.<br />

Ho B L. Saharan H A (1976) Important <strong>rice</strong> pests <strong>and</strong> their management <strong>in</strong> Malaysia. MARDl<br />

Rep. 46. Malaysian Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute, Bumbong Lima,<br />

Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai, Malaysia. 7 p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1982) The future of direct seed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the Muda area. Muda Agricultural Development<br />

Authority, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. 25 p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1983) Status of pesticide application technology on small farmers <strong>in</strong> the Muda area.<br />

Paper presented at the 2d UPM-MAPPS Course on Pesticide Application Technology, 18-22<br />

Oct 1983, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Ser<strong>and</strong>ang, Selangor, Malaysia. 21 p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1984) Status of <strong>rice</strong> pests <strong>and</strong> pesticide usage <strong>in</strong> the Muda irrigation scheme. Muda<br />

Agricultural Development Authority, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. 21 p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1985) An overview of weed problems <strong>in</strong> the Muda irrigation scheme of Pen<strong>in</strong>sular<br />

Malaysia. Pages 1-15 <strong>in</strong> MADA Monogr. 42. Muda Agricultural Development Authority, Alor<br />

Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1985) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> the direct seeded <strong>and</strong> volunteer seedl<strong>in</strong>g fields <strong>in</strong> the Muda<br />

area. Pages 16-25 <strong>in</strong> MADA Monogr. 42. Muda Agricultural Development Authority, Alor<br />

Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1986) Comparison of weed flora <strong>and</strong> farmers' weed control practices <strong>in</strong> the<br />

transplanted <strong>and</strong> direct-seeded <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Muda area of Malaysia. Paper presented at the<br />

2d International Plant Protection Conference, 17-20 Mar 1986, Gent<strong>in</strong>g Highl<strong>and</strong>s, Malaysia.<br />

3p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1986) Status report of <strong>rice</strong> pests <strong>in</strong> the Muda area (Year 1984-1985). Muda<br />

Agricultural Development Authority, Alor Setar, Kedah. Malaysia. 10 p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1987) Direct seed<strong>in</strong>g culture <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrated weed management programme <strong>in</strong> the<br />

Muda area, Malaysia. Paper presented at the Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g of the National Integrated<br />

Pest Control Committee of Malaysia, 12 Mar 1987, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Holm L G, Herberger J (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> of tropical crops. Pages 1132-1149 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

10th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Holttum R E (1954) Plant life <strong>in</strong> Malaya. Longmans, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 254 p.<br />

Hua Hs<strong>in</strong>g Chemical Company (1981) Successful control of watergrass <strong>in</strong> padi fields at Sek<strong>in</strong>-<br />

chan, Tanjung Karang us<strong>in</strong>g different formulations of Ordram selective <strong>rice</strong> herbicide.<br />

Technical <strong>in</strong>formation. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 21 p.

248 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Ismail A A (1978) Some recent studies on Salv<strong>in</strong>ia - an aquatic weed of <strong>rice</strong>. Information Paper<br />

6. Malaysian Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute, Bumbong Lima, Kepala<br />

Batas, Seberang Perai, Malaysia.<br />

Jagoe R B, Johnston M (1949) The use of plant growth-regulat<strong>in</strong>g substances as weed killers.<br />

Malayan Agric. J. 32:304-314.<br />

Kadir M H B A (1986) Present status of weeds <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong> Malaysian agriculture. Pages<br />

55-67 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the symposium <strong>in</strong> weed science. J V. Pancho, S.S. Sastroutomo<br />

<strong>and</strong> S. Tjitrosemito, eds., Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor,<br />

Indonesia.<br />

Lee S A (1977) An analysis of weed research <strong>in</strong> west Malaysia (1912-76). Malaysian Plant<br />

Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 18 p.<br />

Malaysian Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute (1978) Rice Research Branch annual<br />

report for 1977. Bumbong Lima, Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai, Malaysia. 155 p.<br />

Malaysian Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute (1982) Rice Research Branch annual<br />

report for 1981. Bumbong Lima, Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai. Malaysia. 288 p.<br />

Mansor M, Nord<strong>in</strong> A P, Kimi S (1985) Phosphate <strong>and</strong> the distribution of aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

northern Malaysia. Pages 438-451 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 10th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Chiangmai, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Moriya M (1960) Experiments on weed control with herbicides. Va. Effect of 2,4-D <strong>in</strong> padi field.<br />

Pages 95-101 <strong>in</strong> Experimental results of paddy <strong>rice</strong> conducted by Colombo plan technical<br />

expert <strong>in</strong> Malaya. M<strong>in</strong>istry of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Forestry, Bukit Merah Padi Experiment Station,<br />

Prov<strong>in</strong>ce Wellesley, Malaysia.<br />

Moriya M (1960) Experiments on weed control with herbicides. Vc. Experiment on weed<strong>in</strong>g<br />

methods <strong>in</strong> the padi field. Pages 39-45 <strong>in</strong> Experimental results of paddy <strong>rice</strong> conducted by<br />

Colombo plan technical expert <strong>in</strong> Malaya. M<strong>in</strong>istry of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Forestry, Bukit Merah<br />

Padi Experiment Station, Prov<strong>in</strong>ce Wellesley, Malaysia.<br />

Nakagawa K (1972) Weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control research <strong>in</strong> the <strong>south</strong>-east<br />

<strong>Asia</strong> [<strong>in</strong> Japanese]. Weed Res. Jpn. 13:6-14.<br />

Ng P H (1983) Weed problem <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded/broadcasted <strong>rice</strong> field. Paper<br />

presented at the Symposium on Weed Science <strong>in</strong> the Tropics, 4-5 Oct 1983, Universiti<br />

Pertanian Malaysia, Ser<strong>and</strong>ang. Selangor, Malaysia.<br />

Noda K (1971) 3rd APWSS conference <strong>and</strong> agriculture <strong>and</strong> weed problems <strong>in</strong> Malaysia <strong>and</strong><br />

Taiwan [<strong>in</strong> Japanese]. Shoku-cho 5(6):2-16.<br />

Noda K (1979) Present status <strong>and</strong> future challenge of weed problems <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>n<br />

countries. Based on a survey carried out <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>, Malaysia <strong>and</strong> Indonesia [<strong>in</strong> Japanese,<br />

English summary]. Nekken-Shiryo 41. 60 p.<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972, Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Quadranti M, Rufence J, Zoschke A (1987) CGA 142,464: a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 117-128 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Reed C F (1977) Economically important foreign weeds. Potential problems <strong>in</strong> the United States.<br />

Agric. H<strong>and</strong>b. 498. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 746 p.<br />

Ridley H N (1922-1925) The flora of the Malay Pen<strong>in</strong>sula. Vol. 1-5. Reeve, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Saharan H A (1977) Rice weed control <strong>in</strong> Malaysia - a review. Pages 250-256 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />

the <strong>rice</strong> review meet<strong>in</strong>g. A.A. Ismail, J. Varughese <strong>and</strong> W.R. Abdullah, eds., Malaysian<br />

Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute, Bumbong Lima, Kepala Batas, Seberang<br />

Perai, Malaysia.<br />

Saharan H A, Cheong A W (1982) Weed management <strong>in</strong> direct seeded <strong>and</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Malaysian Agric. J. 53:288-298.

MALAYSIA 249<br />

Saiki D F, Plucknett D L, Motooka P S (1967) A checklist of important weeds <strong>in</strong> the <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

region. Pages 131-133 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control Interchange.<br />

<strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.<br />

Samy J, Wong A, lsmail A, Jaafar M (1980) A h<strong>and</strong>book of padi-field weeds Malaysian<br />

Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute, Bumbong Lima. Kepala Batas Seberang<br />

Perai, Malaysia. 84 p.<br />

S<strong>and</strong>s N H (1933) Notes on certa<strong>in</strong> submerged aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> padi fields. Malayan Agric. J.<br />

21:175-176.<br />

S<strong>and</strong>s W N (1933) The vegetation of the <strong>rice</strong> l<strong>and</strong>s <strong>in</strong> north Kedah. Malayan Agric. J. 21:379-386.<br />

Seth A K, Khaw C H, Fua J M (1971) M<strong>in</strong>imal <strong>and</strong> zero tillage techniques <strong>and</strong> post-plant<strong>in</strong>g weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 188-200 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society<br />

Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V, Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Sugimoto K (1964) F<strong>in</strong>al report for period 1962 to 1964 padi experiment <strong>and</strong> survey <strong>in</strong> double<br />

cropp<strong>in</strong>g areas of Prov<strong>in</strong>ce Wellesley, Federation of Malaya. Malaysian Agricultural<br />

Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute, Bumbong Lima, Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai,<br />

Malaysia. 155 p.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N. V., Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Yong S H, Goh A K (1977) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> padi-fields (Pen<strong>in</strong>sular Malaysia). Cawangan Pemeliharaan<br />

Tanaman, Jabatan Pertanian, Malaysia. 74 p.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Nepal.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

A chyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Acorus<br />

calamus L.<br />

Araceae<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

aspera L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

virg<strong>in</strong>ica (L.) B.S.P.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Agerat<strong>in</strong>a<br />

adenophora (Spreng.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son Asteraceae<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Alisma<br />

sp.<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alopecurus<br />

aequalis Sobol.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alternanthera<br />

amoena - see A. ficoidea<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Griseb.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

monolifer DC.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthus<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Lythraceae<br />

pygmaea Kurz<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Anabaena<br />

sp.<br />

Nostocaceae

252 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Aneilema<br />

hamiltonianum Wall.<br />

Arenaria<br />

serpyllifolia L.<br />

Arund<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce<br />

Asteracantha<br />

longifolia - See Hygrophila auriculata<br />

Azolla<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

Biophytum<br />

sensitivum (L.) DC.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Boerhavia<br />

diffusa L.<br />

Bonnaya<br />

brachiata - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia ciliata<br />

veronicaefolia Spreng.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

pertusa (L.) A. Camus<br />

Brachiaria<br />

eruciformis (J.E. Sm.) Griseb.<br />

ramosa (L.) Stapf<br />

Briza<br />

sp.<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

C aesulia<br />

axillaris Roxb.<br />

Canscora<br />

decussata Schult.<br />

Cassia<br />

obtusifolia - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Chara<br />

sp .<br />

Chenopodium<br />

album L.<br />

murale L.<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cladophora<br />

sp .<br />

Colocasia<br />

sp.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

longifolia Lam.<br />

obliqua - see C. paludosa<br />

paludosa BI.<br />

salicifolia - see C. longifolia<br />

Corchorus<br />

capsularis L.<br />

olitorius L.<br />

Crassocephalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore<br />

Cr<strong>in</strong>um<br />

latifolium L.<br />

Crotalaria<br />

humifusa Grah. ex Benth.<br />

Croton<br />

sparsiflorus Morong<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus axillaris<br />

barbata D. Don<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

NEPAL 253<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cladophoraceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaryllidaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae

254 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

dilutus - see C. compactus<br />

distans L.f.<br />

erythrorhizos Muhl.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

globosus - see C. flavidus<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

longus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

strigosus L.<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Dentella<br />

repens (L.) Forst.<br />

Desmodium<br />

triflorum (L.) DC.<br />

Dichanthium<br />

annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli var. kasaharae - see E. glabrescens<br />

crus-galli var. oryzicola - see E. phyllopogon<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var. praticola Ohwi<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

dulcis (Burrn. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

palustris (L.) R. Br.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

setaceum L.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

sieboldianum - see E. sexangulare<br />

Eupatorium<br />

adenophorurn - see Agerat<strong>in</strong>a adenophora<br />

Euphorbia<br />

hirta L.<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

Evolvulus<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides (L.) L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

NEPAL 255

256 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Exacum<br />

tetragonum Roxb.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma<br />

falcata (Vahl) Kunth<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

junciformis - see F. falcata<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

G rangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

H edyotis<br />

diffusa L.<br />

paniculata (L.) Lam.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

strigosum (L.) Willd.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

Heteropogon<br />

contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocharis<br />

dubia (BI.) Backer<br />

morsus-ranae L.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

auriculata (Schum.) He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Hygroryza<br />

aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight & Arn.<br />

l mperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

lndigofera<br />

trifoliata L.<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ipomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

lschaemum<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

lsoetes<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica P. & S.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Juncus<br />

sp.<br />

Jussiaea<br />

perennis - see Ludwigia perennis<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia octovalvis<br />

Justicia<br />

simplex D. Don<br />

K yll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

brevifolia - see Cyperus brevifolius<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L.<br />

Leucas<br />

aspera (Willd.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Limnophila<br />

aquatica (Roxb.) Alston<br />

racemosa - see L. aquatica<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Lippia<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

lsoetaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Juncaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

NEPAL 257<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae

258 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M ariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Mazus<br />

sp.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Microcystis<br />

sp.<br />

Microstegium<br />

ciliatum (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) A. Camus<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Moniera<br />

cuneifolia - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N asturtium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Rorippa <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>ale R. Br.<br />

Nelumbo<br />

sp.<br />

Nostoc<br />

sp.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

alba L.<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Chroococcaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Nymphaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Nymphoides<br />

cristata (Roxb.) O.K.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

O ldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

diffusa - see Hedyotis diffusa<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis DC.<br />

paniculata - see Hedyotis paniculata<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

perennis (annual) - see O. nivara<br />

perennis (perennial) - see O. rufipogon<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Oxalis<br />

sp.<br />

P anicum<br />

fluitans - see Paspalidium gem<strong>in</strong>atum<br />

repens L.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

Paspalum<br />

commersonii - see Paspalum scrobiculatum<br />

distichum L.<br />

notatum Fluegge<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

niruri - see P. fraternus<br />

simplex - see P. virgatus<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

NEPAL 259

260 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Physalis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Polygonum<br />

barbatum L.<br />

flaccidum Meissn.<br />

glabrum Wild.<br />

hydropiper L.<br />

viscosum Ham.<br />

Polypogon<br />

fugax Nees ex Steud.<br />

Potamogeton<br />

sp.<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R anunculus<br />

sp.<br />

Rhynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

Rotala<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Wild.) Koehne<br />

leptopetala - see R. rosea<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook<br />

rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton<br />

exaltata - see R. coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Rumex<br />

crispus L.<br />

S accharum<br />

spontaneum L.<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

sp.<br />

Scirpus<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Scleria<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Senna<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

Setaria<br />

glauca - see Pennisetum glaucum<br />

pallide-fusca - see S. pumila<br />

palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

T enagocharis<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch.<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

Typha<br />

angustata - see T. angustifolia<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

U tricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

exoleta R. Br.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

NEPAL 261

262 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

V allisneria<br />

spiralis L.<br />

V<strong>and</strong>ellia<br />

anagallis - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia anagallis<br />

Volvulopsis<br />

nummularia (L.) Roberty<br />

W olffia<br />

sp.<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Nepal.<br />

Chaudhury R L (1971) Studies on paddy crop weeds of Basti <strong>and</strong> adjacent Nepal. Oryza<br />

8(2):63-70.<br />

Gupta O P, Bajracharya S R, Shivakoti G P (1977) A study of weed problem at Rampur,<br />

Chitwan, Nepal. J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 1:1-86.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Malla M L (1979) Review of weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the 6th Summer Crop<br />

Sem<strong>in</strong>ar, Central Agricultural Research Station, Khumaltar, Nepal. 13 p.<br />

Malla M L, Rangit J D (1981) Weed control trial <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>, 1980. Pages 96-98 <strong>in</strong> The 8th Rice<br />

Improvement Workshop - 1980. Department of Agriculture, Parwanipur, Nepal.<br />

Mallick R N (1981/82) Rice <strong>in</strong> Nepal. Syndicate Pr<strong>in</strong>ters, Jal<strong>and</strong>har City, Nepal. 224 p.<br />

Mallick R N, Shresth R B, Upadhyay B P, Choudhary R M (1974) Cooperative weed control<br />

experiments <strong>in</strong> Nepal. Paper presented at the International Rice Research Conference, 22-<br />

25 Apr 1974, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Michael P W (1983) Taxonomy <strong>and</strong> distribution of Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa species with special reference to<br />

their occurrence as weeds of <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 291-306 <strong>in</strong> Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Morishima H, Sano Y, Oka H I (1980) Observations on wild <strong>and</strong> cultivated <strong>rice</strong>s <strong>and</strong> companion<br />

weeds <strong>in</strong> the hilly areas of Nepal, India <strong>and</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Contrib 1349. National Institute of<br />

Genetics, Misima, Japan. 97 p.<br />

Numata M (1985) Ecological studies of weed vegetation <strong>in</strong> Himalayas of Eastern Nepal. Pages<br />

15-23 <strong>in</strong> Ecology <strong>and</strong> resource management <strong>in</strong> tropics. Vol. I. K.C. Misra, ed., Bhargava<br />

Bhushan Press, Varanasi, India.<br />

Reed C F (1977) Economically important foreign weeds. Potential problems <strong>in</strong> the United States.<br />

Agric. H<strong>and</strong>b. 498. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 746 p.

NEPAL 263<br />

Regmi P P (1983) Some fundamentals of <strong>rice</strong> weeds <strong>in</strong> Nepal. Paper presented at the Rice<br />

Protection Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Program, National Rice Improvement Program, Parwanipur, Nepal. 3 p.<br />

Regmi P P, Bajacharya J (1983) Identification <strong>and</strong> control of <strong>rice</strong> weeds <strong>in</strong> Nepal. The study of<br />

<strong>rice</strong> weeds <strong>and</strong> their management. Paper presented at the Rice Protection Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />

Program, National Rice Improvement Program, Parwanipur, Nepal. 12 p.<br />

Regmi P P, Rangit J D (1985) Some aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> Nepal. Nepalese J. Agric. 16:149-152.<br />

Yabuno T (1956) Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa. Pages 256-259 <strong>in</strong> L<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> crops of Nepal Himalaya. H. Kihara,<br />

ed.. Fauna <strong>and</strong> Flora Research Society, University of Kyoto, Japan.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Pakistan.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

A eschynomene<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

auriculata Willd.<br />

baccifera L.<br />

multiflora Roxb.<br />

B lyxa<br />

aubert Rich.<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Brachiaria<br />

sp.<br />

C ladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

Convolvulus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amlschophacelus axillaris<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

halpan L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Commellnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

266 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

longus L.<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Digitaria<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

flagellifera - see Ochthochloa compressa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Epilobium<br />

hirsutum L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Onagraceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

sieboldianum - see E. sexangulare<br />

Eriochloa<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Euphorbia<br />

helioscopia L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

bis-umbellata (Forssk.) Bub.<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea (L.) Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

squarrosa Vahl<br />

H eliocharis<br />

atropurpurea - see Eleocharis atropurpurea<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

I pomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

lschaemum<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Justicia<br />

peploides - see J. qu<strong>in</strong>queangularis<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>queangularis Konig ex Roxb.<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

PAKISTAN 267<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae

268 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Lemna<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

Limnophila<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Druce<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

procumbens (Krock.) Philcox<br />

pyxidaria - see L. procumbens<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Ludwigia<br />

perennis L.<br />

Lythrum<br />

salicaria L.<br />

M ariscus<br />

compactus - sea Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Mazus<br />

japonicus (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

Monochoria<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N ymphaea<br />

lotus L.<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

stellata - see N. nouchali<br />

O chthochloa<br />

compressa (Forssk.) Hilu<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Oryza (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sativa var. fatua - see O. nivara, O. rufipogon,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Oxalis<br />

corniculata L.<br />

P anicum<br />

sp.<br />

Paspalum<br />

distichum L.<br />

paspalodes - see P. distichum<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Potamogeton<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>rus Poir.<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

Rotala<br />

densiflora (Roth) Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

S agittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Scirpus<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>is - see S. maritimus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lacustris L.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

roylei (Nees) Parker<br />

triqueter - see S. lacustris<br />

Scleria<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Poaceae<br />

PAKISTAN 269<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

270 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

T orul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

monogyna - see T. portulacastrum<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

V allisneria<br />

spiralis L.<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Pakistan.<br />

Ahmad S, Stewart R R (1958) Grasses of West Pakistan. Part I. Subfamily Panicoideae. Pages 1-<br />

151 <strong>in</strong> Biological Society of Pakistan. Monogr. 3. Lahore, Pakistan.<br />

Ahmad S, Stewart R R (1959) Grasses of West Pakistan. Part II Subfamily Pooideae. Pages 152-<br />

388 <strong>in</strong> Biological Society of Pakistan. Monogr. 3. Lahore, Pakistan.<br />

Bajwa A M, Saeed S A, Rao A U R, Alam K (1985) Impact of herbicidal weed control on <strong>rice</strong><br />

( Oryza sativa L.) yield. J. Agric. Res. (Pakistan) 23:57-63.<br />

Ghouri A S K (1977) Elements of pest management <strong>in</strong> the <strong>rice</strong> crop. Int. Pest Contr. 19(3):9-<br />

11,14-16.<br />

Ghouri A S K, Tirmazi S S, Rehman H, lrshad M (1979) Conventional <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrated control of<br />

paddy pests <strong>in</strong> the Punjab, Pakistan. Int. Pest Contr. 21 (3):63-64.<br />

Gilal J A, Qureshi M A H (1984) Improved cultural practices for <strong>rice</strong> production <strong>in</strong> S<strong>in</strong>d. Pages<br />

125-128 <strong>in</strong> Research publications 1969 to 1983. I.M. Bhatti, ed., Rice Research Institute,<br />

Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Food, Government of S<strong>in</strong>d, Pakistan.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle. Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Khan A B, Ch<strong>and</strong> S, Sahto G A (1984) Review of weed control research at Rice Research<br />

Station, Dokri. Pages 15-32 <strong>in</strong> Research publications 1969 to 1983. I.M. Bhatti, ed., Rice<br />

Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Food, Government<br />

of S<strong>in</strong>d, Pakistan.<br />

Khan A M, Jamil M (1965) <strong>Weeds</strong> of field crops <strong>in</strong> Hyderabad district. West Pakistan J. Agric.<br />

Res. 3:152-183.<br />

Koehler C S, Wilcoxson R D, Mai W F, Zimdahl R L (1972) Plant protection <strong>in</strong> Turkey, Iran,<br />

Afghanistan <strong>and</strong> Pakistan. United States Agency for International Development,<br />

Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 82 p.<br />

Majid A, Ahmad S, Ahmad M (1974) Effect of types of weed on <strong>rice</strong> yield. J. Agric. Res. (Punjab)<br />

12:119-124.<br />

Nasir E, Ali S I, eds. (1970- ) Flora of West Pakistan. Department of Botany, University of<br />

Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.

PAKISTAN 271<br />

Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (1981) F<strong>in</strong>al Technical Report (Oct. 1, 1974 - Dec. 31,<br />

1980). PL-480 Project FG-Pa-246, PK-ARS-46. Islamabad, Pakistan. 261 p.<br />

Saeed S A (1982) National research programme on weeds of cereals. Pages 1-24 <strong>in</strong> Annual<br />

report. University of Agriculture, Faisalahad, Pakistan.<br />

Shad R A, Khan R (1985) Weed control strategies <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 171-182 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

5th National Sem<strong>in</strong>ar on Rice Research <strong>and</strong> Production, 25-27 Apr 1985. Rice Research<br />

Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan.<br />

Shad R A, Hussa<strong>in</strong> M, Khan R, Ziaudd<strong>in</strong> M (1986) Socio-economic aspects of losses <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> due<br />

to weeds. Pakistan J. Agric. Res. 7:257-263.<br />

Stewart R R (1957) The flora of Rawalp<strong>in</strong>di District. Frontier Exchange Press Ltd., Rawdp<strong>in</strong>di,<br />

Pakistan. 163 p.<br />

Stewart R R (1972) Annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan <strong>and</strong> Kashmir.<br />

Fakhri Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Press, Karachi, Pakistan. 1028 p.<br />

Zafar MA (1988) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Int Rice Res. Newsl. 13(1):29.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

A butilon<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (L.) Sweet<br />

Acalypha<br />

boehmerioides - see A. lanceolata<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

lanceolata Willd.<br />

Achyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Aeg<strong>in</strong>etia<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Aerva<br />

lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Agerat<strong>in</strong>a<br />

adenophora (Spreng.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g<br />

& B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Agrostis<br />

alba - see A. stolonifera<br />

stolonifera L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

bupleurifolius (L.) DC.<br />

nummularifolius - see A. vag<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

dubius Mart.<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Orobanchaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP

174 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Khara A B, Ghosh B C (1972) Nature <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tensity of competition of weeds<br />

with direct seeded upl<strong>and</strong> IR 8 <strong>rice</strong> crop. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl 21 (2):10-14.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Maiti D B (1978) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded puddled <strong>rice</strong><br />

culture. J. Res. Visva-Bharati Sci. 2(2):34-41.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, M<strong>and</strong>al B T (1982) Efficiency of some herbicides <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong> weed<strong>in</strong>g for<br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> weed control. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 7(5):21.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Mondal A (1981) Efficiency of fluchloral<strong>in</strong>, butachlor, nitrofen <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong><br />

weed<strong>in</strong>g for <strong>rice</strong> weed control. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 6(4):16-17.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Rooj S (1971) Rice production with m<strong>in</strong>imal cultivation us<strong>in</strong>g Gramoxone.<br />

Indian J. Agron. 16:362-363.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Sen AK (1981) Studies on <strong>in</strong>teractions of herbicides with <strong>in</strong>secticides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

crop. Pages 463-468 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 8th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society<br />

Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Bangalore, India.<br />

Mukhopadhyay S K, Taraphdar S K (1976) Aquatic weed problems <strong>in</strong> West Bengal <strong>and</strong> control<br />

through herbicides. Pages 269-275 <strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong><br />

J. Rzoska, eds., Junk, The Hague, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Nair R R, Kuriakose T F, Saifudd<strong>in</strong> N (1978) New pre-emergence chemicals for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

flooded <strong>rice</strong>. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 16:264-265.<br />

Nair R R, Nair M S, Kuriakose T F, Tomy P J (1982) Screen<strong>in</strong>g herbicides for weed control<br />

efficiency <strong>in</strong> broadcast-seeded, flooded <strong>rice</strong>. Pesticides 16(2):26-27,29.<br />

Nair R R, Pillai G R, Pisharody P N, Gopalakrishnan R (1975) Investigations on the compet<strong>in</strong>g<br />

ability of <strong>rice</strong> with weeds <strong>in</strong> the ra<strong>in</strong>fed upl<strong>and</strong>s. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 13:146-151.<br />

Nair R R, Vidyadharan K K, Pisharody P N, Gopalakrishnan R (1974) Comparative efficiency of<br />

new herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded <strong>rice</strong> fields. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 12:24-27.<br />

Nairne A K (1894) The flower<strong>in</strong>g plants of western India. Allen & Co. Ltd., London, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Nanjappa H V, Krishnamurthy K (1980) Nutrient losses due to weed competition <strong>in</strong> tall <strong>and</strong> dwarf<br />

varieties of <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Agron. 25:273-278.<br />

Nanjappa H V, Krishnamurthy K (1981) Weed control <strong>in</strong> tall <strong>and</strong> dwarf varieties of <strong>rice</strong>. Mysore J.<br />

Agric. Sci. 15:245-252.<br />

Narayana Rao K (1985) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> production. Farmer <strong>and</strong> Parliament 20(1):13-14,8.<br />

Narayana Rao K, Mahadeva Gupta K (1981) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with granular<br />

formulations of herbicides. Pages 14-15 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the<br />

Indian Society of Weed Science. University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore,<br />

India.<br />

Narayana Rao K, Mahadeva Gupta K (1982) Studies on weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with herbicides.<br />

Pesticides 16(10):19-21.<br />

Narayanaswamy M, Sankaran S (1977) Relative efficiency of granular <strong>and</strong> emulsifiable<br />

concentrate herbicides under graded levels of nitrogen <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Page 171 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />

the weed science Conference 1977, Indian Society of Weed Science, Andhra Pradesh<br />

Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.<br />

Negi L S, Sa<strong>in</strong>i S S (1955/1956) Wild <strong>rice</strong> problem <strong>in</strong> Kangra <strong>and</strong> control. Rice Newsteller<br />

3(4)/4(1):5-15.<br />

Negi N S (1976) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pest. Inf. 2(3):94-102.<br />

Neogi B, Rao R R (1980) Floristic composition of the weed flora, Seasonal variation <strong>and</strong><br />

phenology of some weeds of agriculture l<strong>and</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Khasi Hills, Meghalaya. Proc. Indian Natl.<br />

Sci. Acad. B. 46:579-586.<br />

Neoai B, Rao R R (1982) Weed flora of various hill agro-ecosystems <strong>in</strong> Meghalaya, north-eastern<br />

India. Aust. <strong>Weeds</strong> 2(1):9-15.<br />

Oza G M (1974) The weeds of the cultivated fields of Gujarat State. Ann. Arid Zone 13(3):196-<br />

201.

INDIA 175<br />

Padharia K D (1982) Analysis of <strong>in</strong>sect pest, plant disease <strong>and</strong> weed complexes <strong>in</strong> high yield<strong>in</strong>g<br />

varieties <strong>and</strong> hybrids under <strong>in</strong>tensified agricultural practices <strong>in</strong> India <strong>and</strong> South East <strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

Plant Prot. Bull. (India) 34(1/2):1-12.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Bhan V M (1964) Effect of vary<strong>in</strong>g degrees of soil manipulation on yield of upl<strong>and</strong><br />

paddy (Oryza sativa) <strong>and</strong> on associated weeds. Can. J. Plant Sci. 44:376-380<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Bhan V M (1966) Effect of depth of tillage on yield of upl<strong>and</strong> paddy <strong>and</strong> on<br />

associated weeds. Exp. Agric. 2:225-232.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Bhan V M (1966) Effect of row spac<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>and</strong> levels of fertilization on growth, yield<br />

<strong>and</strong> nutrient uptake of upl<strong>and</strong> paddy <strong>and</strong> on associated weeds. II Riso 15:47-67.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Mittra B N (1982) Studies on the cultural <strong>and</strong> management practices <strong>in</strong>fluenc<strong>in</strong>g<br />

production <strong>and</strong> quality of <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 69-93 <strong>in</strong> Rice <strong>in</strong> West Bengal. Vol. III. D.K. Mukherji,<br />

ed., Directorate of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, Calcutta, India.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Sankar Rao K S R K (1965) Effect of different dates of seed<strong>in</strong>g on control of weeds<br />

<strong>and</strong> growth <strong>and</strong> yield of upl<strong>and</strong> paddy <strong>in</strong> lateritic soils of West Bengal. Indian J. Agron.<br />

10:66-71.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Sankar Rao K S R K, Bhan V M (1966) Chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> paddy.<br />

Indian J. Agron. 11:257-263.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>e H K, Sankar Rao K S R K, Bhan V M (1967) Studies on the chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. II Riso 16:15-21.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>ey J (1984) Control of aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> deep water paddy. Pesticides 18(7):66-67.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>ey J, Mishra B K (1980) Effect of herbicides on the response of micronutrients to<br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> calcareous soil. Page 49 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of<br />

the Indian Society of Weed Science, Orissa University of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Technology,<br />

Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>ey J, Sharma N N (1980) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with herbicides. Indian Farm<strong>in</strong>g 30(9):11<br />

P<strong>and</strong>ey J, S<strong>in</strong>gh B P (1981) Effect of preemergence applied herbicides on micronutrient<br />

removal by lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> associated weeds <strong>in</strong> calcareous soil. Pesticides 15(11):32-34.<br />

P<strong>and</strong>eya S C, Shaha D P (1966) Phytosociology <strong>and</strong> seasonal weed succession of paddy fields<br />

<strong>and</strong> a comparison thereof with adjo<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g arable l<strong>and</strong> at Raipur (M.P.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.<br />

India 36:190-198.<br />

Patel C L, Patel Z G (1983) Efficiency of weed control methods <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J.<br />

Weed Sci. 15:203-206.<br />

Patel C L, Patel Z G (1985) Studies on <strong>in</strong>tegrated weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> Indian J.<br />

Agron. 30:267-270.<br />

Patel C L, Patel Z G, Patel P V (1983) Fertilizer use efficiency <strong>in</strong> relation to weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 15:199-202.<br />

Patel C S, Moorthy B T S (1980) Weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> by chemicals. Seeds <strong>and</strong><br />

Farms 6(5):37-38.<br />

Patel C S, P<strong>and</strong>e H K (1982) Weed control experiments <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>-based cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems. Pages<br />

549-560 <strong>in</strong> Report of a workshop on cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems research <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Patel J P (1965) Evaluat<strong>in</strong>g the various factors of the "Japanese method" of <strong>rice</strong> cultivation <strong>in</strong><br />

India. Agron. J. 57:567.572.<br />

Patil N S, Chauhan D V S (1972) A note on the relative efficiency of some new herbicides on<br />

weeds <strong>and</strong> the <strong>rice</strong> crop. Indian J. Weed Sci. 4:54-65.<br />

Patro G K (1971) Survey of major distribution of weed flora <strong>in</strong> four field crops at Bhubaneswar<br />

area. Indian J. Weed Sci. 3:104-111.<br />

Patro G K, Misra A (1969) Chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Andhra Agric. J. 16:194-<br />

198.

176 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Patro G K, Panigrahi V C (1985) Major lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> weeds of Koraput District, Orissa. Int. Rice<br />

Res. Newsl. 10(2):20.<br />

Patro G K, Tosh G C (1973) Relative efficiency of propanil. MCPA <strong>and</strong> 2,4-D on control of weeds<br />

<strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 5:98-104.<br />

Patro G K, Tosh G C (1975) Simultaneous foliar nutrition <strong>and</strong> weed control through herbicidefertilizer<br />

mixture <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 24(2):93-97<br />

Paul A K, Bhattacharyya R K (1959) Paddy field weed flora of the state agricultural farm,<br />

Ch<strong>in</strong>surah (West Bengal). J. Indian Bot. Soc. 38:249-253.<br />

Paul S R (1967) Rice-field weed flora of District Bhagalpur. India. Proc. Bihar Acad. Agric. Sci.<br />

15:15-24.<br />

Pillai S J, Kuriakose T F, Madhavan Nair K P, Saifudeen N (1980) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

under semi-dry condition. Page 43 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers Annual conference of the Indian<br />

Society of Weed Science. Orissa University of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Technology, Bhubaneswar,<br />

Orissa, India.<br />

Prabhakar A S, Krishnamurthy K, Ramadas K S (1973) Studies on weed control <strong>in</strong> paddy with<br />

herbicides. Indian J. Weed Sci. 5:140-147.<br />

Pra<strong>in</strong> D (1905) The vegetation of the district of Hughli-Howrah <strong>and</strong> the 24-Pargunnahs. Records<br />

of the botanical survey of India. Vol. III, No. 2. Office of the Super<strong>in</strong>tendent of Government<br />

Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, India. 339 p.<br />

Prakash J (1970) Control of weed associated with paddy. Pages 93-95 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

symposium on recent advances <strong>in</strong> crop production. Uttar Pradesh Institute of Agricultural<br />

Sciences, Kanpur, India.<br />

Prasad R, S<strong>in</strong>gh V (1975) Note on methods of l<strong>and</strong> preparation <strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> directly<br />

sown <strong>and</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 45:377-379.<br />

Prasada Rao RDVJ, John VT (1974) Alternate hosts of <strong>rice</strong> tungro virus <strong>and</strong> its vector. Plant<br />

Disease Reporter 58:856-860.<br />

Raghavulu P, Sreerama Murthy V (1973) Weed control <strong>in</strong> direct-sown upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Andhra Agric.<br />

J. 20:47-49.<br />

Rai B (1959) Most obnoxious weeds of east U.P. Allahabad Farmer 33:10-14.<br />

Rajaram S, Natarajan K, Subramanian S (1978) A note on the effect of weed control methods <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Madras Agric. J. 65:274-275.<br />

Rajaramamohana Rao S, S<strong>in</strong>gh G, Bhan V M (1974) Lest weeds may rob you of your <strong>rice</strong> yield.<br />

Indian Farmers’ Dig. 7(6):19-22.<br />

Raju R A, Nageshwar Reddy M (1986) Comparative efficacy of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. J. Res. Andhra Pradesh Agric. Univ. 14:75-76.<br />

Raju R A, Nageshwar Reddy M (1987) Weed flora of wet l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> West Godavari. J. Res.<br />

Andhra Pradesh Agric. Univ. 15:62-63.<br />

Raju R A, Varma S C (1979) Observations on <strong>rice</strong> grown <strong>in</strong> submerged vs saturated hydroecosystems<br />

<strong>in</strong> Gangetic alluvial soils. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4(1):23.<br />

Raju R A, Varma S C (1979) Weed flora associated with low l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> eastern U.P., India. Food<br />

Farm<strong>in</strong>g Agric. 1 1 :24-25.<br />

Ramakrishnan Nair T, Balakrishna Pillai P, George C M (1979) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

under semi dry conditions. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 17:108-110.<br />

Ramamoorthi R, Kul<strong>and</strong>aisamy S, Sankaran S (1974) Effect of propanil on weed growth <strong>and</strong><br />

yield of IR20 <strong>rice</strong> under different seed<strong>in</strong>g methods <strong>and</strong> rates. Madras Agric. J. 61:307-311.<br />

Ramamoorthi R, Kul<strong>and</strong>aisamy S, Sankaran S (1974) Influence of weed growth <strong>and</strong> nutrient<br />

removal on the yield of <strong>rice</strong> variety IR20. Oryza 11 (1):21-26.<br />

Ramaswamy S U, Razi B A (1973) Flora of Bangalore district. University of Mysore,<br />

Manasagangotri, Mysore, India.<br />

Ramiah K (1937) Rice <strong>in</strong> Madras. Government Press, Madras, India. 249 p.<br />

Rangiah P K, Mohamad Ali A, Kul<strong>and</strong>aisamy S (1976) Cultural <strong>and</strong> chemical methods Of weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Madras Agric. J. 63:434-436.

INDIA 177<br />

Rangiah P K, Natarajan K, Rajagopalan K (1 975) Systems of weed control for transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Madras Agric. J. 63:500-501.<br />

Rangiah P K, Palchamy A, Pothiraj P (1974) Effect of chemical <strong>and</strong> cultural methods of weed<br />

control on transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Madras Agric. J. 61:312-316.<br />

Rangiah P K, Rob<strong>in</strong>son J G, Rajagopalan K (1975) Effect of m<strong>in</strong>imum tillage <strong>and</strong> different<br />

methods of weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>, IR20. Madras Agric. J. 62:403-407.<br />

Rao A R, Kondap S M, Mirza W A, Reddy G B (1984) Efficacy of propanil <strong>and</strong> oxadiazon under<br />

different water management practices <strong>in</strong> direct seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Weed Sci. 16:244-249.<br />

Rao M S S, Agarwal P C (1977) Problems of weed control <strong>in</strong> Chotanagpur. Page 259 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the weed science conference 1977. Indian Society of Weed Science,<br />

Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.<br />

Rao M S S, Agarwal P C (1979) Investigation on chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Page 39 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Indian Society of Weed Science, 1979 Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, India.<br />

Rao M V, Pillai K G (1974) Efficiency of weedicides for <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> India. Paper presented at the<br />

International Rice Research Conference, 22-25 Apr 1974, International Rice Research<br />

Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Rao R R, Neogi B (1977) Some common aquatic weeds of Meghalaya - a prelim<strong>in</strong>ary<br />

observation. Pages 29-35 <strong>in</strong> Studies on weeds <strong>and</strong> their control. D.N. Borthakur <strong>and</strong> A.K.<br />

Ghosh, eds., Renaissance Pr<strong>in</strong>ters, Calcutta, India.<br />

Rao V S (1983) Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples of weed science. Oxford <strong>and</strong> IBH Publish<strong>in</strong>g Co., New Delhi, India.<br />

Rathi K S, Tewari A N (1979) Weed management <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> direct seeded paddy under irrigated<br />

condition. Indian J. Agric. Res. 13:111-112.<br />

Ray B, Mustafee T P (1980) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with bifenox. Indian J. Weed Sci. 12:93-98.<br />

Ray B R (1973) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> -a review. Indian J. Weed Sci. 5:60-72.<br />

Reed C F (1977) Economically important foreign weeds. Potential problems <strong>in</strong> the United States.<br />

Agric. H<strong>and</strong>b. 498. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 746 p.<br />

Reth<strong>in</strong>am P, Sankaran S (1974) Comparative efficiency of herbicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (var. IR20) under<br />

different methods of plant<strong>in</strong>g. Madras Agric. J. 61:317-323.<br />

Reth<strong>in</strong>am P, Thirunavukkarasu D R, Sankaran S (1974) Studies on the rates, formulations <strong>and</strong><br />

methods of application of butachlor <strong>and</strong> propanil herbicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (var. IR20). Madras<br />

Agric. J. 61:710-712.<br />

Roy A K, Hussa<strong>in</strong> S (1983) Sawdust-mulch<strong>in</strong>g for controll<strong>in</strong>g weeds <strong>in</strong> transplanted summer<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 8(4):20-21.<br />

Sabnis S D, Pathak C H (1961) A survey of the common weeds of Kharif <strong>and</strong> Rabi field crops.<br />

Indian J. Agron. 6:149-152.<br />

Sahu B N, Bhattacharya T K (1964) Effects of 2,4-D <strong>and</strong> MCPA with <strong>and</strong> without cultural<br />

practices on the control of weeds <strong>and</strong> the growth <strong>and</strong> yield of <strong>rice</strong>. Rice Newsteller<br />

12(4):111-118.<br />

Sahu B N, Jena A C (1968) Weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. I. Effect of cultural <strong>and</strong><br />

weedicidal treatments on control of weeds <strong>and</strong> yield of <strong>rice</strong> crop. Indian J. Agron. 13:4-12.<br />

Sahu B N, Lenka D (1969) M<strong>in</strong>imum tillage us<strong>in</strong>g Gramoxone for <strong>rice</strong> production. Indian J. Agric.<br />

Sci. 39:473-481.<br />

Sahu B N, M<strong>and</strong>al B B (1963) Effect of submergence on weed association <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Sci.<br />

Cult. 29(3):140-141.<br />

Sa<strong>in</strong>i S K, S<strong>in</strong>gh O P (1981) Control weeds <strong>in</strong> the <strong>rice</strong> field. Indian Farmers' Dig. 14(5):7-8.<br />

Saksena H K (1975) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> some crops <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed agriculture <strong>in</strong> India. Pages 230-<br />

231 <strong>in</strong> FAO Regular Program RAFE 23. FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific,<br />

Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Saldanha C J, Nicholson D H, eds. (1976) Flora of Hassan district, Karnataka, India. Amer<strong>in</strong>d<br />

Publish<strong>in</strong>g Co., New Delhi, India. 923 p.

178 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Sankaran S, Reth<strong>in</strong>am P, Thirunavukkarasu D R (1974) A note on the efficiency of herbicideurea<br />

mixture <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> (var. IR20). Madras Agric. J 61.706-708.<br />

Sankaran S, Thiagarajan P (1982) Study on new herbicide formulations <strong>in</strong> planted <strong>rice</strong> (var.<br />

Bhavani). Pestology 6(8):9-12.<br />

Santapan H (1953) The flora of Kh<strong>and</strong>ala on the western ghats of India. Records of the botanical<br />

survey of India. Vol. 16, No. 1. Government of India Press, Calcutta, India. 396 p.<br />

Satyanarayana Prasad J, Seshagiri Rao Y, Zaheruddeen S M, Mohan Das C (1980) <strong>Weeds</strong> as<br />

hosts to parasitic nematodes of <strong>rice</strong>. Curr. Sci. 49:755-756.<br />

Sen D N (1981) Ecological approaches to Indian weeds. Geobios International, Jodhpur, India.<br />

301 p.<br />

Seshavatharam V (1974) Aquatic weed flora of the paddy fields <strong>and</strong> irrigation canals of the Delta<br />

area of the West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. Sci. Cult. 40:489-491.<br />

Shahi H N, Gill P S, Kh<strong>in</strong>d C S (1978) Machete, a promis<strong>in</strong>g weedicide for <strong>rice</strong> crop. Indian<br />

Farm<strong>in</strong>g 27(10):11-12.<br />

Shahi H N, Gill P S, Kh<strong>in</strong>d C S (1979) Comparative effect of different herbicides on weed control<br />

<strong>and</strong> nutrient removal <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> (Oryza sativa L.). Int Pest Contr. 21(3):55-<br />

56,58,73.<br />

Shankar V (1966) <strong>Weeds</strong> of paddy fields of Varanasi District. J. Sci. Res. (Banaras H<strong>in</strong>du Univ.)<br />

16:139-145.<br />

Sharma J (1981) Exp<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g the role of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> India - problems <strong>and</strong><br />

prospects. Page 44 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the Indian Society of<br />

Weed Science. University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore, India.<br />

Sharma M (1981) Weed flora of Punjab. II. <strong>Weeds</strong> of Kharif crops. Indian J. Weed Sci. 13:26-31.<br />

Sharma R S, Rathi G S, Tiwari J P (1986) Weed management studies <strong>in</strong> drilled paddy under<br />

Jabalpur conditions. Indian J. Weed Sci. 18:111-114.<br />

Shetty S V R, Gill H S (1975) Efficiency of different herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> direct sown<br />

<strong>rice</strong> (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J. Weed Sci. 7:80-84.<br />

Shetty S V R, Gill H S, Brar L S (1975) Weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> (Oryza saliva L.) <strong>in</strong> the Punjab. J. Res.<br />

Punjab Agric. Univ. 12: 43-51.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh B, Dash B (1984) Effect of methods of weed control on growth of weeds <strong>and</strong> uptake of<br />

nitrogen by weeds <strong>in</strong> direct seeded unpuddled <strong>rice</strong>. Agric. Sci Dig. 4(4):231 233.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh B P, Ghosh D C (1985) Increase <strong>rice</strong> production through efficient water management.<br />

Farmer <strong>and</strong> Parliament 20(7):23-24,29.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh C (1983) Modern techniques of rais<strong>in</strong>g field crops. Oxford & IBH Publish<strong>in</strong>g Co., New<br />

Delhi, India. 523 p.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh D, Gangwar B (1986) Studies on weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> South Andaman. J. Andaman Sci<br />

Assoc. 2(2):51-54.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh D, Gangwar B (1987) Ricefield weeds <strong>in</strong> South Andaman. India Int. Rice Res. Newsl.<br />

12(4):47.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh G, Chauhan R S (1978) Weed management <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> paddy. Indian J. Weed Sci. 10:83-<br />

86.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh K N, Gautam K C, Misra B N (1987) Weed control <strong>in</strong> irrigated upl<strong>and</strong> direct seeded <strong>and</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> North Western India. Pesticides 21 (2):7-9, 11.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh M, Prakash O, S<strong>in</strong>gh K (1974) Weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> field Oryza 11(1) 17-20.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh M P, Biswas S P (1981) Weed control through herbicides <strong>in</strong> different <strong>rice</strong> cultures. Pages<br />

91-97 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 8th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society, Bangalore, India.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh O P, Bh<strong>and</strong>ari R K (1985) Relative efficiency of different herbicides <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Indian J. Weed Sci. 17:47-49.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh O P, Bh<strong>and</strong>ari R K (1986) Relative efficiency of different herbicides <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Indian J. Weed Sci. 18:57-59.

INDIA 179<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh O P, S<strong>in</strong>gh R A, S<strong>in</strong>gh M (1975) Effect of soil compaction <strong>and</strong> nitrogen placement on<br />

weed population <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> wheat <strong>in</strong> India. Indian J. Weed Sci. 17:110-114.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh P K (1973) Occurrence of green algae Pithophora sp. <strong>and</strong> Hydrodictyon reticulatum as<br />

weed <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of Cuttack. Phykos 12(1/2):82-85.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh R P, Sharma G L (1981) Effect of methods of plant<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> herbicides on <strong>rice</strong>/weed<br />

competition. Pages 75-78 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 6th Australian <strong>Weeds</strong> Conference. Vol. I.<br />

Council of Australian Weed Science Societies, Broadbeach, Gold Coast, Australia.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh S K, S<strong>in</strong>gh O P (1979) Weed flora of paddy crop <strong>in</strong> Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh. Oryza 16:113-<br />

114.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh S P, Mani V S (1981) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>-wheat rotations. Pages 61-67 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the national symposium on crop management to meet the new challenges.<br />

R. Prasad, K.S. Parashar, R. Pal S<strong>in</strong>gh, M. S<strong>in</strong>gh <strong>and</strong> V. Kumar, eds., National Pr<strong>in</strong>ters, New<br />

Delhi, India.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh S P, Moolani M K (1973) Control of cattail ( Typha angustata ) <strong>in</strong> relation to period of<br />

stubble submergence. Pages 329-338 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 4th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Rotorua, New Zeal<strong>and</strong>.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh S P, Ram P (1986) Weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> under different tillage<br />

systems Indian J. Weed Sci. 18:79-84.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh S R, S<strong>in</strong>gh O P, S<strong>in</strong>gh Y, Sharma H C, S<strong>in</strong>gh M (1976) Mechanical weed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> direct sown<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 46:507-509.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh T N, S<strong>in</strong>gh G, S<strong>in</strong>gh H P (1982) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> dryl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Res.<br />

Newsl. 7(5):21-22.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>glachar M A, Ch<strong>and</strong>rashekar G, Veeraraj Urs Y S, Kempegowda S B (1978) Chemical weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> direct sown upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Page 2 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. All India weed science<br />

conference. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>glachar M A, Shivappa T G, Bhaskar Rao Y (1978) Effect of weed free duration on the<br />

performance of dwarf <strong>and</strong> tall <strong>rice</strong> types. Mysore J. Agric. Sci. 12:210-212.<br />

Smith R J Jr (1969) International cooperative experiments on evaluat<strong>in</strong>g herbicides for weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 21-25 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control<br />

Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Soundara Rajan M S, Sudhakara Rao R, Murthy B T S, Sankara Reddi H (1978) Selectivity of<br />

granular herbicides <strong>in</strong> direct sown <strong>rice</strong>. Oryza 15:211-213.<br />

Sridhar T S. Yogeswara Rao Y, Sankara Reddi G H (1976) Effect of granular herbicides <strong>in</strong> the<br />

control of weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> directly seeded on puddled soil. Madras Agric. J. 63:431-433.<br />

Sr<strong>in</strong>ivasan S (1981) Population of the weed Marsilea quartrifoliata <strong>in</strong> plots with azolla. Int. Rice<br />

Res. Newsl. 6(3):22.<br />

Srivastava P S, Sharma D K, Srivastava M M (1987) Increas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>rice</strong> production <strong>in</strong> Eastern<br />

Madhya Pradesh. Indian Farm<strong>in</strong>g 36(11):13,15.<br />

Subba Rao M S, Agrawal P C (1973) Efficient herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> various crops under<br />

the conditions of Bihar. Pages 11-12 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d All India weed control<br />

sem<strong>in</strong>ar. Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India.<br />

Subba Rao M S, Prasad L K (1972) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> Chotanagpur agriculture. PANS 18:286-<br />

289.<br />

Subbiah E, Sreerangasamy S R (1978) Studies on the efficiency of herbicide - diammonium<br />

phosphate mixture <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Madras Agric. J. 65:629-630.<br />

Subbiah K K, Morachan Y B (1976) Efficacy of herbicides <strong>in</strong> direct sown short duration <strong>rice</strong>,<br />

Madras Agric. J. 63:242-243.<br />

Subbiah K K, Reth<strong>in</strong>am P, Morachan Y B (1975) Efficiency of some new herbicides for the weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> (var. IR20). Madras Agric. J. 62:555-558.<br />

Subramanian A, Kol<strong>and</strong>aisamy S (1971) Certa<strong>in</strong> observations on the effect of a new weedicide<br />

on broadcast paddy. Oryza 8:92-94.

180 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Subramanian S, Mohamed Ali A (1985) Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa crus-galli (L) Beauv competition <strong>and</strong><br />

control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Madras Agric. J. 72:376-381.<br />

Subramanyam K (1962) Aquatic angiosperms. Bot. Monogr. 3. Council of Scientific <strong>and</strong><br />

Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.<br />

Sudhara K, Nair R R (1986) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> under semi-dry system. Agric. Res. J. Kerala.<br />

24:211-215.<br />

Sugha S K, Shukla S P (1977) Angiospermic weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.) fields <strong>in</strong> Kangra.<br />

Indian J. Weed Sci. 9:1-8.<br />

Tadul<strong>in</strong>gam C, Venkatanarayana G (1932) A h<strong>and</strong>book of some <strong>south</strong> Indian weeds. 2d ed.<br />

Government Press, Madras, India. 356 p.<br />

Thakur R N, Nezamudd<strong>in</strong> S, Agarawal K N, Sharma N N, Akhtar M (1967) Effects of Stam F-34,<br />

Agroxone-3 <strong>and</strong> Spontox with <strong>and</strong> without cultural practices on the control of <strong>rice</strong> weeds.<br />

Madras Agric. J. 54:415-420.<br />

Thomas K J (1976) Observations on the aquatic vegetation of Triv<strong>and</strong>rum, Kerala. Pages 99-102<br />

<strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk, The Hague,<br />

The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Thomas K J (1979) The extent of Salv<strong>in</strong>ia <strong>in</strong>festations <strong>in</strong> Kerala (S. India): its impact <strong>and</strong><br />

suggested methods of control. Environ. Conserv. 6(1):63-69.<br />

Tiwari D K, Nema D P (1967) An ecological study of weed flora of <strong>rice</strong> fields. JNKVV Res. J. 1:1-<br />

5.<br />

Tiwari J P, Bisen C R (1981) Ecology of an exotic weed - Parthenium hysterophorus L. Page 4 <strong>in</strong><br />

Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the Indian Society of Weed Science. University<br />

of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore, India.<br />

Tiwari J P, Bisen C R, Trivedi K K (1985) Herbicides to control weeds <strong>in</strong> paddy nursery. Page 2<br />

<strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the Indian Society of Weed Science. Gujarat<br />

Agricultural University, An<strong>and</strong>, Gujarat, India.<br />

Tiwary N P (1953) Loss <strong>in</strong> yield due to weeds <strong>in</strong> paddy fields. Proc. Bihar Acad. Agric. Sci.<br />

2:115-116.<br />

Tosh G C (1975) New herbicides for the control of weeds <strong>in</strong> direct sown <strong>rice</strong> on upl<strong>and</strong> soil.<br />

Indian J. Farm Sci. 3:60-63.<br />

Tosh G C, Patro G K (1975) Survey of major aquatic weed flora <strong>in</strong> the coastal tracts of Orissa.<br />

JNK W Res. J. 9:10-12.<br />

Trivedi K K, Tiwari J P, Bisen C R (1986) Integrated weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> drilled <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pesticides 20(11):29-33.<br />

University of Agricultural Sciences (1970) Plant protection manual. UAS Res. Ser. 3. Hebbal,<br />

Bangalore, India.<br />

Upadhyay U C, Choudhary B S (1979) Effect of different weed control methods on growth <strong>and</strong><br />

yield of <strong>rice</strong> under upl<strong>and</strong> conditions. Pages 289-291 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 7th <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Sydney,<br />

Australia.<br />

Vachhani M V, Chaudhri M S, Mitra N N (1963) Control of weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> by selective herbicides.<br />

Indian J. Agron. 8:368-377.<br />

Vachhani M V, Chaudhry M S (1961) Herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Paper presented<br />

at the International Rice Commission 9th Meet<strong>in</strong>g of Work<strong>in</strong>g Party on Rice Production <strong>and</strong><br />

Protection, 11-16 Dec 1961, New Delhi, India.<br />

Vachhani M V, Chaudhry M S (1961) Present position of research on weed control <strong>in</strong> India.<br />

Recent advances <strong>in</strong> weedicides <strong>and</strong> techniques with particular reference to <strong>rice</strong> crop <strong>and</strong><br />

suggestions for further work. Paper presented at the Indian Council of Agricultural<br />

Research Sem<strong>in</strong>ar, 3-6 Oct 1961, Bombay, India.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950-). Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V.. Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Vartak V D (1966) Enumeration of plants from Gomantak, India. Maharashtra Association for the<br />

Cultivation of Science, Poona, India. 167 p.

INDIA 181<br />

Venkatakrishnan J, Vivekan<strong>and</strong>an P, Ramach<strong>and</strong>ran M (1983) <strong>Weeds</strong> of Ch<strong>in</strong>gleput District,<br />

Tamil Nadu. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 8(2):17.<br />

Venu Gopal P V K S N (1983) Weed management <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> under different methods of cultivation.<br />

MS thesis, Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. 226 p.<br />

Venu Gopal P V K S N, Kondap S M, Bucha Reddy B (1983) Efficacy of herbicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

cultivars under different methods of cultivation. Indian J. Weed Sci. 15:207-213.<br />

Verma I S (1967) Chemicals for weed control. Pesticides Bombay 1 (4):13-18.<br />

Verma J K, Mani V S (1970) Efficiency <strong>and</strong> selectivity of herbicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> production. Pages<br />

705-710 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 10th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop<br />

Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Verma O P S, Tyagi R C, Katyal S K (1978) Efficacy of new herbicides on the control of weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Haryana state. Pesticides 12(1):21-22.<br />

Verma S P, Sharma K K, S<strong>in</strong>gh C M (1985) Weed management <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> nursery <strong>in</strong> Himachal<br />

Pradesh. Page 2 <strong>in</strong> Abstracts of papers. Annual conference of the Indian Society of Weed<br />

Science. Gujarat Agricultural University, An<strong>and</strong>, Gujarat, India.<br />

Vijaya Koteswari M, Antonio S R, Mary T N (1985) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> of Guntur area. Geobios New<br />

Rep. 4:86-88.<br />

Vikraman Nair R, Sadan<strong>and</strong>an N (1975) Studies on the comparative performance of granular<br />

weedicides <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 13:58-61.<br />

Wood J J (1977) Plants of Chutia Nagpur <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Jaspur <strong>and</strong> Sirguja. Periodical Expert Book<br />

Agency, Vivek Nihar, Delhi, India. 170 p.<br />

Zahetuddeen S M, Prakasa Rao P S (1983) Characterization of weed problems <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

ecosystems <strong>in</strong> Orissa. Oryza 20:55-63.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Indonesia.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

A canthospermum<br />

hispidum DC.<br />

Achyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Acrostichum<br />

aureum L.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

americana L.<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

uniflora F. Mey.<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

houstonianum Mill.<br />

mexicanum - see A. houstonianum<br />

Alisma<br />

plantago-aquatica L.<br />

Allmania<br />

nodiflora (L.) R. Br. ex Wight<br />

Alternanthera<br />

ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Griseb.<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

repens (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra - see A. sessilis<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

rugosus (Willd.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

gracilis - see A. viridis<br />

lividus L.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Polypodiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL

184 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

humilis Michx.<br />

microcarpa DC.<br />

multiflora Roxb.<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>ra L.f.<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra - see Rotala pent<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Aneilema<br />

blumei - see Murdannia blumei<br />

hamiltonianum Wall.<br />

japonicum Kunth<br />

keisak - see Murdannia keisak<br />

malabaricum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

nudiflorum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

spiratum - see Murdannia spirata<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum - see Murdannia<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>ata<br />

Aponogeton<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>atum Roxb.<br />

lakhonensis A. Camus<br />

Artanema<br />

longifolia (L.) Merr.<br />

Athroisma<br />

lac<strong>in</strong>iatum DC.<br />

Austroeupatorium<br />

<strong>in</strong>ulaefolium (Kunth.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g &<br />

B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Axonopus<br />

compressus (Sw.) Beauv.<br />

Azolla<br />

filiculoides Lam.<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

floribunda (R. Br.) Wettst.<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

procumbens (Mill.) Greenm.<br />

rotundifolia Wettst.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

~<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Basilicum<br />

polystachyon (L.) Moench<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

capensis L.<br />

verticellata - see B. capensis<br />

Bidens<br />

chrysanthemoides Michx.<br />

laevis - see B. chrysanthemoides<br />

pilosa L.<br />

Blumea<br />

lacera (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

tenella DC.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Boerhavia<br />

diffusa L.<br />

erecta L.<br />

repens - see B. diffusa<br />

Bonnaya<br />

brachiata - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia ciliata<br />

Borreria<br />

alata (Aubl.) DC.<br />

articularis (L.f.) F.N. Williams<br />

distans Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

laevis (Lam.) Griseb.<br />

latifolia (Aubl.) Schum.<br />

ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

repens DC.<br />

Brachiaria<br />

distachya (L.) Stapf<br />

eruciformis (J.E. Sm.) Griseb.<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

paspaloides (Presl) C.E. Hubb.<br />

reptans (L.) Gard. & C.E. Hubb.<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

puberula (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TSR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDONESIA 185

186 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

C alogyne<br />

pilosa R. Br.<br />

Calopogonium<br />

mucunoides Desv.<br />

Cassia<br />

tora - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

Cayratia<br />

trifolia (L.) Dom<strong>in</strong><br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

cristata - see C. argentea<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Centipeda<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers.<br />

orbicularis - see C. m<strong>in</strong>ima<br />

Centrosema<br />

plumieri (Turp. ex Pers.) Benth.<br />

pubescens Benth.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chenopodium<br />

ambrosioides L.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L.<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

aspera Koen. ex DC.<br />

chelidonii L.f.<br />

ciliata - see C. rutidosperma<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

icos<strong>and</strong>ra L.<br />

rutidosperma DC.<br />

viscosa L.<br />

Goodeniaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Vitaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TSR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

japonica - see Aneilema japonicum<br />

longifolia Lam.<br />

nudiflora - see Murdannia nudiflora<br />

paludosa BI.<br />

Conyza<br />

albida Willd. ex Spreng.<br />

ambigua L.<br />

bonariensis (L.) Cronq.<br />

canadensis (L.) Cronq.<br />

sumatrensis (Retz.) E.H. Walker<br />

Crassocephalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore<br />

Crotalaria<br />

anagyroides - see C. micans<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea Grah. ex Benth.<br />

micans L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quefolia L.<br />

verrucosa L.<br />

Croton<br />

hirtus L'Her.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris<br />

cristata D. Don.<br />

Cyathula<br />

prostrata (L.) BI.<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

babakensis - see C. babakan<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

cephalotes Vahl<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

INDONESIA 187<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

TPR,UPL

188 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us (Retz.) Valck. Sur.<br />

cyperoides (L.) O.K.<br />

diaphanus Schrader ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

dilutus - see C. compactus<br />

distans L.f.<br />

dubius Rottb.<br />

elatus L.<br />

erythrorhizos Muhl.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

ferax - see C. odoratus<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

globosus - see C. flavidus<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

javanicus Houtt.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gaeoides - see C. dubius<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

malaccensis Lam.<br />

mitis Steud.<br />

monocephalus - see C. cephalotes<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

pumilus L.<br />

pygmaeus Rottb.<br />

radiatus - see C. elatus<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

sphacelatus Rottb.<br />

stoloniferus Retz.<br />

tagetiformis Roxb.<br />

tegetum Roxb.<br />

tenuiculmis Boeck.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

TSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

trialatus (Boeck.) Kern<br />

umbellatus - see C. cyper<strong>in</strong>us<br />

zoll<strong>in</strong>geri Steud.<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Dentella<br />

repens (L.) Forst.<br />

serpyllifolia Wall. ex Airy Shaw<br />

Dichrocephala<br />

bicolor -see D. <strong>in</strong>tegrifolia<br />

<strong>in</strong>tegrifolia (L.f.) O.K.<br />

latifolia - see D. <strong>in</strong>tegrifolia<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

consangu<strong>in</strong>ea - see D. setigera<br />

digitata - see D. violascens<br />

fuscescens (Presl) Henr.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata - see D. ciliaris<br />

rnicrobachne - see D. setigera<br />

nuda Schum.<br />

pruriens - see D. setigera<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

setigera Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

speciosa - see D. longiflora<br />

ternata (A. Rich.) Stapf<br />

violascens L.<br />

Dimeria<br />

ornithopoda Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

Drosera<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Drymaria<br />

cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Dryopteris<br />

sp.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Aspidiaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR, UPL<br />

TSR<br />

INDONESIA 189

190 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Dysophylla<br />

auricularia - see Pogostemon<br />

auricularius<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

erecta L.<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

afflata - see E. congesta<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

capitata - see E. geniculata<br />

caribea - see E. geniculata<br />

chaetaria - see E. retroflexa<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see E. dulcis<br />

fistulosa - see E. acutangula<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

ochrostachys Steud.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>oides - see E. dulcis<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

DIR,TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eleocharis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

spiralis (Rottb.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

variegata (Poir.) Presl<br />

wolfii Gray<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

coracana (L.) Gaertn.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Eleutheranthera<br />

ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.-Bip.<br />

Emilia<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Enhalus<br />

acoroides (L.f.) Royle<br />

Enydra<br />

fluctuans Lour.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

amabilis - see E. tenella<br />

pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

plumosa - see E. tenella<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

Erechtites<br />

valerianaefolia DC.<br />

Erigeron<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolius - see E. sumatrensis<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

equisetoides van Royen<br />

heterolepis Steud.<br />

longifolium Nees ex Kunth<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Eriochloa<br />

polystachya - see E. procera<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Eupatorium<br />

<strong>in</strong>ulaefolium - see<br />

Austroeupatorium <strong>in</strong>ulaefolium<br />

odoratum - see Chromolaena<br />

odorata<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

INDONESIA 191<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP

192 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Euphorbia<br />

geniculata - see E. heterophylla<br />

heterophylla L.<br />

hirta L.<br />

hypericifolia L.<br />

orbiculata Miq.<br />

parviflora L.<br />

prunifolia - see E. heterophylla<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

alboviridis C.B. Clarke<br />

anisoclada Ohwi<br />

annua - see F. dichotoma<br />

aphylla Steud.<br />

bis-umbellata (Forssk.) Bub.<br />

caesia Miq.<br />

complanata (Retz.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma<br />

dipsacea (Rottb.) Clarke<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea (L.) Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

griffithii Boeck.<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

merrillii Kern<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

monostachya - see F. ovata<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

ovata (Burm. f.)Kern<br />

podocarpa - see F. tomentosa<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangularis (Vahl) Kunth<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

squarrosa Vahl<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

torresiana - see F. globulosa<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

umbellaria - see F. globulosa<br />

utilis - see F. globulosa<br />

Floscopa<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens Lour<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

glomerata - see F. ciliaris<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G al<strong>in</strong>soga<br />

parviflora Cav.<br />

Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Gomphrena<br />

celosioides Mart.<br />

Goodenia<br />

kon<strong>in</strong>gsbergeri (Back.) Back. ex<br />

Bold.<br />

Grangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

Gratiola<br />

juncea Roxb.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

Gynura<br />

crepidioides - see<br />

Crassocephalum crepidioides<br />

H ackelochloa<br />

granularis (L.) O.K.<br />

Hanguana<br />

malayana (Jack.) Merr.<br />

Hedyotis<br />

biflora - see H. racemosa<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

diffusa L.<br />

herbacea L.<br />

racemosa Lam.<br />

Heleocharis<br />

variegata - see Eleocharis<br />

variegata<br />

Heliotropium<br />

elongatum Willd. ex Cham.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Goodeniaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Flagellariaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

INDONESIA 193

194 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Herpestis<br />

chamaedroides - see Bacopa<br />

procumbens<br />

monnieri - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Heteranthera<br />

zosterifolia Mart.<br />

Hybanthus<br />

attenuates (Humb. & Bonpl.)<br />

G.K. Schulze<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocleys<br />

commersonii Rich.<br />

Hydrocotyle<br />

asiatica - see Centella asiatica<br />

rotundifolia - see H. sibthorpioides<br />

sibthorpioides Lam.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa L.<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

quadrivalis Nees<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong><br />

amplexicaulis - see H. acutigluma<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica - see Sacciolepis <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta<br />

pseudo<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see H.<br />

acutigluma<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

Hyptis<br />

brevipes Poit.<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

spicigera Lam.<br />

l lysanthes<br />

antipoda - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia antipoda<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae NSP<br />

Violaceae TSR,UPL<br />

Hydrocharitaceae TPR<br />

Limnocharitaceae NSP<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae TPR<br />

Hydrophyllaceae TPR<br />

Hydrophyllaceae TPR<br />

Acanthaceae TSR<br />

Acanthaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae TPR,TSR<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hypericaceae NSP<br />

Lamiaceae UPL<br />

Lamiaceae NSP<br />

Lamiaceae NSP<br />

Scrophulariaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

llysanthes (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

hyssopioides Benth.<br />

serrata - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia anagallis<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

lmperata<br />

arund<strong>in</strong>acea - see I. cyl<strong>in</strong>drica Poaceae<br />

conferta (Presl) Ohwi<br />

Poaceae<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

lndigofera<br />

Poaceae<br />

tomentosa L.<br />

Ipomoea<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

carnea Jacq.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

crassicaulis - see I. carnea Convolvulaceae<br />

fistulosa - see I. carnea<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

triloba L.<br />

lsachne<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

australis - see I. himalaica Poaceae<br />

dispar Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Poaceae<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

Poaceae<br />

himalaica Hook. f.<br />

Poaceae<br />

miliacea - see I. pulchella<br />

Poaceae<br />

pulchella Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

lschaemum<br />

Poaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

Poaceae<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

Poaceae<br />

timorense Kunth<br />

J uncellus<br />

Poaceae<br />

pygmaeus - see Cyperus<br />

pygmaeus<br />

Juncus<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

prismatocarpus R. Br.<br />

Jussiaea<br />

Juncaceae<br />

angustifolia - see Ludwigia<br />

octovalvis<br />

Onagraceae<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia Onagraceae<br />

prostrata - see Ludwigia prostrata Onagraceae<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens Onagraceae<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia<br />

octovalvis<br />

Justicia<br />

Onagraceae<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TPR<br />

TSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,TSR<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDONESIA 195

196 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

K yll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

Family Culture<br />

brevifolia - see Cyperus brevifolius Cyperaceae<br />

monocephala - see Cyperus<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

L asia<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa (L.) Thw.<br />

Leersia<br />

Araceae<br />

TPR<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Welw. Lemnaceae NSP<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L. Lemnaceae TPR<br />

perpusilla - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Lemnaceae<br />

polyrhiza - see Spirodela polyrhiza Lemnaceae<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees Poaceae<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

filiformis (Lam.) P. Beauv. Poaceae<br />

TPR<br />

neesii (Thw.) Benth. Poaceae<br />

NSP<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Leucas<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR<br />

lav<strong>and</strong>ulaefolium - see L. l<strong>in</strong>ifolia Lamiaceae<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia (Roth) Spreng.<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

UPL<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Nymphoides <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Limnocharis<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Limnophila<br />

Butomaceae TPR,TSR<br />

aromatica (Lam.) Merr.<br />

erecta Benth.<br />

villosa BI.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae TPR,UPL<br />

angustifolia - see L. aragattis Scrophulariaceae<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

Scrophulariaceae TPR,UPL<br />

aragattis (Burm. f.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae NSP<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

Scrophulariaceae UPL<br />

cordifolia - see L. anagallis Scrophulariaceae<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

Scrophulariaceae TPR<br />

hyssopioides (L.) Ha<strong>in</strong>es<br />

Scrophulariaceae TPR<br />

procumbens (Krock.) Philcox Scrophulariaceae UPL<br />

pyxidaria - see L. procumbens Scrophulariaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

argentea - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth<br />

Lippia<br />

javanica Spreng.<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Lophotocarpus<br />

guyanensis - see Sagittaria<br />

guayensis<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

parviflora - see L. perennis<br />

perennis L.<br />

peruviana (L.) Hara<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

Lygodium<br />

flexuosum (L.) Sw.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mapania<br />

cuspidata (Miq.) Uittien<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

cyperoides - see Cyperus<br />

cyperoides<br />

dilutus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melastoma<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e D. Don<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Schizaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDONESIA 197<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR

198 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Melastoma (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

malabathricum L.<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

polyanthum - see M. aff<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Melochia<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

concatenata L.<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Merremia<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

emarg<strong>in</strong>ata (Burm. f.) Hall. f. Convolvulaceae<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

vitifolia (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Mesona<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

palustris BI.<br />

Microcarpaea<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (Koen. ex Retz.) Merr.<br />

Mikania<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son Asteraceae<br />

micrantha Kunth<br />

Mimosa<br />

Asteraceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>visa Mart. ex Colla<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

pigra L.<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mitracarpus<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

villosus (Sw.) DC.<br />

Mollugo<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

hirta - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us lotoides<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

lotoides - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us lotoides Aizoaceae<br />

oppositifolia - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

oppositifolius<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

pentaphylla L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

blumei (Hassk.) Brenan<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

keisak (Hassk.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Mass. Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>ata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

brasiliense - see M. aquaticum Haloragaceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

N ajas<br />

falciculata - see N. <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Cham.<br />

malesiana De Wilde<br />

Nasturtium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Rorippa <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

parviflora (wall.) O.K.<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

corymbosa - see Hedyotis<br />

corymbosa<br />

dichotoma H.K. f.<br />

diffusa - see Hedyotis diffusa<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

perennis (annual) - see O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

perennis (perennial) - see O.<br />

rufipogon<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

sativa var. fatua - see O. nivara,<br />

O. rufipogon, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae NSP<br />

Najadaceae TPR<br />

Najadaceae NSP<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae NSP<br />

Nymphaceae NSP<br />

Gentianaceae TPR<br />

Gentianaceae NSP<br />

Lamiaceae NSP<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae NSP<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae TSR<br />

INDONESIA 199

200 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Oxalis<br />

barrelieri L.<br />

corniculata L.<br />

repens - see O. corniculata<br />

P anicum<br />

amplexicaule - see Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma<br />

auritum Presl ex Nees<br />

colonum - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa colona<br />

crus-galli - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

crus-galli<br />

distachyon - see Brachiaria<br />

distachya<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Sacciolepis <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

<strong>in</strong>terruptum - see Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta<br />

isachne - see Brachiaria<br />

eruciformis<br />

palmifolium - see Setaria palmifolia<br />

paludosum Roxb.<br />

proliferum Rank<br />

purpurascens - see Brachiaria<br />

mutica<br />

repens L.<br />

reptans - see Brachiaria reptans<br />

sarmentosum Roxb.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>um - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a<br />

trypheron Schult.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

Paspalum<br />

cartilag<strong>in</strong>eum - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

commersonii - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

distichum L.<br />

longiflorum - see Digitaria<br />

longiflora<br />

longifolium Roxb.<br />

metzii - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,TSR,UPL<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Paspalum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

orbiculare - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

paspalodes - see P. distichum<br />

platycoleum - see P. longifolium<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>ale - see Digitaria<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Passiflora<br />

foetida L.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

polystachion (L.) Schult.<br />

purpureum K. Schum.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium<br />

lathryroides<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

amarus Schum. & Thonn.<br />

debilis Herb. Ham. ex Wall.<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

maderaspatensis L.<br />

niruri - see P. fraternus<br />

simplex - see P. virgatus<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L.<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Physalis<br />

angulata L.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

peruviana L.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Plumbago<br />

zeylanica L.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

auricularius (L.) Hassk.<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Passifloraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Plumbag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDONESIA 201

202 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Polanisia<br />

icos<strong>and</strong>ra - see Cleome viscosa<br />

viscosa - see Cleome viscosa<br />

Polygala<br />

arvensis Willd.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis - see P. arvensis<br />

paniculata L.<br />

Polygonum<br />

alatum - see P. nepalense<br />

barbatum L.<br />

caespitosum BI.<br />

hydropiper L.<br />

nepalense Meissn.<br />

plebeium R. Br.<br />

pulchrum - see P. tomentosum<br />

tomentosum Willd.<br />

Polytrias<br />

amaura (Buse) O.K.<br />

Porophyllum<br />

ruderale (Jacq.) Cass.<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickerv<br />

Pycreus<br />

eragrostis - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

globosus - see Cyperus flavidus<br />

nitens - see Cyperus pumilis<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus<br />

polystachyos<br />

pumilus - see Cyperus pumilus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchelytrum<br />

repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

roseum - see R. repens<br />

Rhynchospora<br />

aurea - see R. corymbosa<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Rhynchospora (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

submarg<strong>in</strong>ata Kuk.<br />

wightiana (Nees) Steud.<br />

Richardia<br />

brasiliensis (Moq.) Gomez<br />

scabra L.<br />

Richardsonia<br />

brasiliensis - see Richardia<br />

brasiliensis<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

Rostellularia<br />

sundana Brem.<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.)<br />

B. van Leeuwen<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

leptopetala - see R. rosea<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Blatt. & Hallb.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D.<br />

Clayton<br />

exaltata - see R. coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Ruppia<br />

maritima L.<br />

S accharum<br />

sp.<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

angusta - see S. <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

<strong>in</strong>sulicola - see Panicum auritum<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (Willd.) Stapf<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayensis Kunth<br />

platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Sm.<br />

Cyperaceae NSP<br />

Cyperaceae NSP<br />

Rubiaceae UPL<br />

Rubiaceae NSP<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Brassicaceae NSP<br />

Acanthaceae NSP<br />

Lythraceae TPR<br />

Lythraceae NSP<br />

Lythraceae TPR<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae TPR<br />

Lythraceae NSP<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae TPR<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

Poaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae NSP<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae TPR<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae TPR,TSR<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

Alismataceae NSP<br />

Alismataceae NSP<br />

INDONESIA 203

204 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Sagittaria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

auriculata - see S. molesta<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell<br />

natans (L.) All.<br />

Scirpodendron<br />

ghaeri (Gaertn.) Merr.<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

litoralis Schrad.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

oryzetorium - see S. lateriflorus<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Sclerachne<br />

punctata R. Br.<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

purpurascens Steud.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Senna<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

Sesbania<br />

javanica Miq.<br />

Setaria<br />

pallide-fusca - see S. pumila<br />

palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DIR,TPR,TSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

retusa - see S. rhombifolia<br />

rhombifolia L.<br />

Sonchus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

asper (L.) Hill<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spigelia<br />

anthelmia L.<br />

Spilanthes<br />

acmella - see S. iabadicensis<br />

calva DC.<br />

iabadicensis A.H. Moore<br />

paniculata Wall. ex DC.<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

berteroanus - see S. poiretti<br />

humilis Presl<br />

poiretti (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc.<br />

Stachytarpheta<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Vahl<br />

jamaicensis (L.) Vahl<br />

Stemodia<br />

verticillata (Mill.) Bold.<br />

Stenochlaena<br />

palustris (Burm.) Bedd.<br />

Striga<br />

asiatica (L.) O.K.<br />

lutea - see S. asiatica<br />

Stylidium<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides R. Br.<br />

tenellum Sw.<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Loganiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Blechnaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Stylidaceae<br />

Stylidaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,TSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

INDONESIA 205

206 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Stylosanthes<br />

humilis Kunth<br />

sundaica - see S. humilis<br />

Suaeda<br />

maritima (L.) Dum.<br />

Synedrella<br />

nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.<br />

T enagocharis<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch.<br />

Themeda<br />

sp.<br />

Thoracostachyum<br />

sumatranum (Miq.) Kurz<br />

Thysanolaena<br />

maxima (Roxb.) O.K.<br />

Torenia<br />

crustacea - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

crustacea<br />

violacea (Azaola ex Blanco)<br />

Pennell<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

ferax - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Tridax<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Triumfetta<br />

graveolens BI.<br />

rhomboidea Jacq.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

Typhonium<br />

divaricatum (L.) Decne<br />

flagelliforme - see T. divaricatum<br />

trilobatum (L.) Schott<br />

U raria<br />

lagopodoides (L.) Desv. ex DC.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Urena<br />

lobata L. Malvaceae TPR<br />

Utricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

baouleensis A. Chev.<br />

bifida L.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

pilosa (Mak<strong>in</strong>o) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

V <strong>and</strong>ellia<br />

crustacea (L.) Benth.<br />

Vernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

patula (Dry<strong>and</strong>.) Merr.<br />

W edelia<br />

biflora (L.) DC.<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TSR<br />

X yris<br />

capensis Thunb. Xyridaceae NSP<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L. Xyridaceae TPR<br />

INDONESIA 207<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Indonesia.<br />

Ackerson R C, Davis LA (1987) Metsulfuron methyl - a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 137-143 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Agronomy Division, Central Institute for Agriculture (1974) Progress report of a weed control<br />

experiment on upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> 1973 wet season. Paper presented at the International Rice<br />

Research Conference, 22-25 Apr 1974, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños,<br />

Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Amir R, Yas<strong>in</strong> HG M (1987) Effect of <strong>in</strong>teraction between herbicides <strong>and</strong> nitrogen on weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> [<strong>in</strong> Indonesian, English abstract]. Weed Res. Bull. 1:1-9.<br />

Angudi S (1971) Progress report on paraquat m<strong>in</strong>imum tillage <strong>and</strong> paraquat zero tillage<br />

<strong>in</strong>vestigation <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 141-143 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Indonesian<br />

Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Anonymous (1971) Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary list of weeds commonly found <strong>in</strong> Indonesian agriculture. Paper<br />

presented at the 8th session of the FAO Plant Protection Committee for the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong><br />

<strong>and</strong> the Pacific Region, 4-11 Oct 1971, Jakarta, Indonesia. 6 p.<br />

Ardjasa W S, Sudiman A, Noor E S (1979) The effects of several weed species toward <strong>rice</strong> [<strong>in</strong><br />

Indonesian, English abstract]. Pages 14-26 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 5th Indonesian Weed<br />

Science Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Baccam L, Utomo I, Soendaroe M (1975) Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary study of weed control at different spac<strong>in</strong>g<br />

of transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 239-251 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed Science<br />

Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia, B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Backer C A, Bakhuizen van den Br<strong>in</strong>k R C (1963-1968) Flora of Java. Wolters-Noordhoff N.V.-<br />

Gron<strong>in</strong>gen, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.

208 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Bangun P, Wiroatmodjo J (1986) Dom<strong>in</strong>ant weeds <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong> Indonesian food crops.<br />

Pages 163-181 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the symposium <strong>in</strong> weed science. J.V. Pancho, S.S. Sas-<br />

troutomo <strong>and</strong> S. Tjitrosemito, eds., Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional Center for Tropical Biology,<br />

Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Calderon J I, Hare C J, Palis F V, Burhan H, Bh<strong>and</strong>hufalck A, Chong W C (1987) Setoff - a new<br />

<strong>rice</strong> herbicide for S.E. <strong>Asia</strong>. Pages 73-79 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Carew B P (1984) Large-scale farm<strong>in</strong>g border<strong>in</strong>g the Musi River tidal swamps: the P.T. Patra<br />

Tani project. Pages 29-36 <strong>in</strong> Workshop on research priorities <strong>in</strong> tidal swamp <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

De Datta S K (1977) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>: methods <strong>and</strong> trends. Philipp. Weed<br />

Sci. Bull. 4:39-63.<br />

Dekker R J (1981) Notes on new or remarkable Indonesian weed species. Pages 243-248 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 6th Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of<br />

Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Hanafiah A R, Sisombat L, Sathal H (1973) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> irrigated lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> different soil types<br />

<strong>in</strong> Bogor district. Pages 131-138 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d Indonesian Weed Science<br />

Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Holm L G, Herberger J (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> of tropical crops. Pages 1132-1149 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

10th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Mangoensoekardjo S, Kadnan N (1971) Weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 133-139 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of<br />

Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Mangoensoekardjo S, Kadnan N (1971) Weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with mixtures of propanil<br />

<strong>and</strong> 2,4-D esters. Pages 235-240 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Mangoensoekardjo S, Pancho J V (1975) Current status of weed problems <strong>in</strong> rubber, oil palm,<br />

cocoa, tea <strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> their control [<strong>in</strong> Indonesian, English abstract]. Bull. Balai Penelitian<br />

Perkebunan Medan 6(1):3,13-27.<br />

Nakagawa K (1972) Weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control research <strong>in</strong> the <strong>south</strong>-east<br />

<strong>Asia</strong> [<strong>in</strong> Japanese]. Weed Res. Jpn. 13:6-14.<br />

Noor H A, Watson G A (1986) Farmer management of weeds <strong>in</strong> tidal swamp <strong>rice</strong> cultivation,<br />

<strong>south</strong> <strong>and</strong> central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Pages 251-261 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the symposium<br />

<strong>in</strong> weed science. J.V. Pancho, S.S. Sastroutomo <strong>and</strong> S. Tjitrosemito, eds., Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n<br />

Regional Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972. Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Mangoensoekardjo S (1975) Notes on witchweed ( Striga lutea Lour.): a potential<br />

pest of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Pages 207-211 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed<br />

Science Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia. B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.

INDONESIA 209<br />

Pane H, Sundaru M (1981) Response of important weeds <strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> varieties IR-36 <strong>and</strong> Sukan<strong>and</strong>i<br />

to 2,4-D under several levels of N fertilization [<strong>in</strong> Indonesian, English abstract]. Pages 181-<br />

191 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 6th Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science<br />

Society of Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia.<br />

Pieterse A H, Siregar H, Soemarwoto O (1975) The spread of noxious aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> the<br />

Citarum Bas<strong>in</strong>. Pages 458-462 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed Science<br />

Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia, B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Pons T L, Utomo I H (1979) The competition of selected weed species with lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Biotrop<br />

Newsl. 28:5.<br />

Purba R M, Munirudd<strong>in</strong>, Junan M (1973) Weed control experiment on lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with<br />

herbicides [<strong>in</strong> Indonesian, English abstract]. In Risalah Sem<strong>in</strong>ar Rerumputan. S. Mangoen-<br />

soekarjo, ed., Balai Penelitian Perkebunan, Medan/Weed Science Society of Indonesia,<br />

Jakarta, Indonesia. 3 p.<br />

Quadranti M, Rufence J, Zoschke A (1987) CGA 142,464: a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 117-128 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Rahman M, Lamid Z, Sjahbudd<strong>in</strong> (1975) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>undated <strong>rice</strong> field <strong>in</strong> west Sumatra. Pages<br />

269-278 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science<br />

Society of Indonesia, B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Robson T O (1976) A review of the distribution of aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> the tropics <strong>and</strong> sub-tropics.<br />

Pages 25-30 <strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk,<br />

The Hague, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Ronoprawiro S (1975) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> crops <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 232-233 <strong>in</strong><br />

Reviews on pest, disease <strong>and</strong> weed problems <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed crops <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Far East.<br />

RAFE 23. D.B. Reddy, ed., FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Ronoprawiro S, Mardjuki A, Nasution R E (1971) The <strong>in</strong>ventory of weeds Pages 59-86 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of<br />

Indonesia, Bogor Indonesia.<br />

Satari G, Trimar<strong>in</strong>i A (1974) Some notes on fish production with lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> as a biological<br />

method to control weeds. Paper presented at the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Siregar H. Soemarwoto O (1976) Studies on Panicum repens L. <strong>in</strong> west Java. Pages 211-213 <strong>in</strong><br />

Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk, The Hague, The<br />

Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Soelastri S, Tjitrosoepomo G (1974) Salv<strong>in</strong>ia sp. <strong>in</strong> the special region of Yogyakarta. Paper<br />

presented at the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang,<br />

Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M (1971) Present status of weed problem <strong>and</strong> the importance of weed dispersal <strong>in</strong><br />

Indonesia. Paper presented at the 8th session of the FAO Plant Protection Committee for<br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific region, 4-11 Oct 1971, Jakarta, Indonesia. 27 p.<br />

Soerjani M (1977) Weed management <strong>and</strong> weed science development <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 31-<br />

41 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 6th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M, Kostermans A J G H, Tjitrosoepomo G. eds. (1987) <strong>Weeds</strong> of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Balai<br />

Pustaka, Jakarta, Indonesia. 716 p.<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V, Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Soerjani M, Soedarsan A, Mangoensoekarjo S, Kuntohartono T, Sundaru M (1976) Weed<br />

problems <strong>and</strong> prospects for chemical control <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 18-22 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />

the 5th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society, Tokyo, Japan.

210 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Soerjani M, Soemarwoto O, Azis H, Somaatmadja D, Partosoedarso M, Tirtarahardja P,<br />

Sommamadja M (1971) Past, present <strong>and</strong> future of weed research <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 177-<br />

191 <strong>in</strong> Tropical weeds: some problems, biology <strong>and</strong> control. M. Soerjani, ed., Southeast<br />

<strong>Asia</strong>n Regional Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M, Soetidjo D, Soemarwoto O (1969) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> food crops <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. PANS<br />

15:334-339.<br />

Soerjani M, Sundaru M, Anwar C (1986) Present status of weed problems <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong><br />

Indonesia. Pages 7-21 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the symposium <strong>in</strong> weed science. J.V. Pancho, S.S.<br />

Sastroutomo <strong>and</strong> S. Tjitrosemito, eds., Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional Center for Tropical<br />

Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M, Tirtarahardja P (1971) Prospects for chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 18-<br />

35 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Soetidjo D, Sjarifullah G (1971) The use of propanil <strong>and</strong> MCPA <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> cultivation. Pages<br />

129-132 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science<br />

Society of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Sundaru M (1969) The effectiveness of several herbicides on weeds of lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 135-<br />

141 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Sundaru M (1971) Evaluation of some promis<strong>in</strong>g granular herbicide application on transplanted<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the 3d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, 7-12 Jun<br />

1971, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Sundaru M (1971) Results of an experiment with granular herbicides on transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages<br />

115-119 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science<br />

Society of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Sundaru M (1973) Some results of a multilocation test with granular herbicides on transplanted<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Pages 259-263 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed<br />

Science Society of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Sundaru M (1975) A multi-location test of granular herbicides on transplanted <strong>rice</strong> Pages 270-<br />

274 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 5th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society, Tokyo, Japan.<br />

Sundaru M (1975) Dosage <strong>and</strong> time of application of MCPA on transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 279-287<br />

<strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of<br />

Indonesia, B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Sundaru M (1981) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> paddy field <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Pages 57-61 <strong>in</strong> <strong>Weeds</strong><br />

<strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>. FFTC Book Ser. 20. Food <strong>and</strong> Fertilizer Technology Center,<br />

Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Sundaru M, Sudiman A, Prayoto (1979) Efficacy of several preplant<strong>in</strong>g herbicides on tidal<br />

swamp <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 71-73 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 7th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society<br />

Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Sydney, Australia. (suppl.)<br />

Suryatna E S, McIntosh J L (1982) Weed control <strong>in</strong> a shift<strong>in</strong>g cultivation <strong>and</strong> permanent<br />

agriculture. Pages 61-71 <strong>in</strong> Weed control <strong>in</strong> small farms. M. Soerjani, D.E. Barnes <strong>and</strong> T.O.<br />

Robson, eds., <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Sutidjo D (1969) Control of weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> with propanil <strong>and</strong> MCPA. Pages 129-134 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Tjitrosoepomo G, Wirjahardja S, Soerjani M (1974) Important aquatic weeds <strong>and</strong> their problems<br />

<strong>in</strong> Indonesia. Paper presented at the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29<br />

Jun 1974, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950-) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Jakarta Indonesia.

INDONESIA 211<br />

Wirjahardja S, Dekker R J, Utomo I H, Eussen J H H, Laumonier E K, Megia R (1979) The<br />

biology of important weeds (distribution, taxonomy, ecology <strong>and</strong> physiology) <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields.<br />

Biotrop Newsl. 30:7-8.<br />

Wirjahardja S, Nurfilmarasa E (1975) Some autecological aspects of wild <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 18-32 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of<br />

Indonesia, B<strong>and</strong>ung, Indonesia.<br />

Yas<strong>in</strong> HG M, P<strong>and</strong>ang M S, Bahar F A (1987) Performance of "oxyfluorfen" as pre-emergence<br />

herbicide on transplanted <strong>and</strong> direct seeded <strong>rice</strong> [<strong>in</strong> Indonesian, English abstract]. Weed<br />

Res. Bull. 1:50-74.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Kampuchea.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

A eschynomene<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Apocopis<br />

wrightii Munro<br />

Aponogeton<br />

lakhonensis A. Camus<br />

rob<strong>in</strong>sonii A. Camus<br />

Azolla<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B ergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Bonnaya<br />

multiflora Bonati<br />

veronicaefolia Spreng.<br />

Brachiaria<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

C eratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae

214 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

longifolia Lam.<br />

salicifolia - see C. longifolia<br />

Corchorus<br />

capsularis L.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus axillaris<br />

papilionacea Schult. f.<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

halpan L.<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

longus L.<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

D igitaria<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Dopatrium<br />

acutifolium Bonati<br />

Drosera<br />

burmanni Vahl<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see E. dulcis<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

variegata (Poir.) Presl<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

australe R. Br.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

sieboldianum - see E. sexangulare<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Eulalia<br />

monostachya (Balansa) A. Camus<br />

KAMPUCHEA 215<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae

216 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Fimbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

polytrichoides (Retz.) R. Br.<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

stolonifera C.B. Clarke<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G l<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Goodenia<br />

kon<strong>in</strong>gsbergeri (Back.) Back. ex Bold.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

H eleocharis<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see Eleocharis dulcis<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

Hibiscus<br />

cannab<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

I pomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

bilboa - see I. pes-caprae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Goodeniaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ipomoea (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

chryseides - see Merremia hederacea<br />

pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.<br />

lschaemum<br />

aristatum - see I. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Jussiaea<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens<br />

K yll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

monocephala - see Cyperus kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Nymphoides <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Lirnnophila<br />

conferata - see L. repens<br />

repens (Benth.) Benth.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

Ciliata (Colsrn.) Pennell<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Lippia<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

griffithii Hook. f. & Thoms.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

KAMPUCHEA 217<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae

218 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ludwigia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Merremia<br />

hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Mesona<br />

palustris BI.<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastaefolia - see M. hastata<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.<br />

brasiliense - see M. aquaticum<br />

N ajas<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Cham.<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Neptunia<br />

oleracea Lour.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

lotus L.<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

stellata - see N. nouchali<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Gentianaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara, O. sativa<br />

f. sportanea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

japonica - see O. alismoides<br />

P anicum<br />

cambogiense Balansa<br />

luzonense - see P. cambogiense<br />

repens L.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

Paspalum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium lathryroides<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol.<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Pycreus<br />

baccha - see Cyperus procerus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

KAMPUCHEA 219<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Philydraceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

220 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.) B. van Leeuwen<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

S agittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

Scirpus<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

multifoliata - see S. purpurascens<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

purpurascens Steud.<br />

rugosa R.Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Sesbania<br />

javanica Miq.<br />

paludosa - see S. javanica<br />

Sesuvium<br />

portulacastrum (L.) L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

T rianthema<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Typhaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

U tricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

exoleta R. Br.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

odorata Pellegr.<br />

V etiveria<br />

zizanioides (L.) Nash<br />

Villarsia<br />

rhomboidalis Dop<br />

X yris<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

KAMPUCHEA 221<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Kampuchea.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Lecomte H (1907-1951) General flora of Indo-ch<strong>in</strong>a [<strong>in</strong> French]. Masson et Cie, Paris.<br />

Lecomte H, Tardieu-blot M L, eds. (1960- ) Flora of Cambodia,<br />

Laos <strong>and</strong> Vietnam [<strong>in</strong> French]. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972, Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Sathal H (1973) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> low l<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields <strong>in</strong> Khmer. Pages 163-165 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs<br />

of the 2d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of Indonesia,<br />

Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V, Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Jakarta, Indonesia.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Laos.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

A eschynomene<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Aponogeton<br />

rob<strong>in</strong>sonii A. Camus<br />

Arundo<br />

donax L.<br />

Azolla<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex Aschers. & Guerke<br />

lancifolia - see B. auberti<br />

Bonnaya<br />

oppositifolia Spreng.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae

224 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Borreria<br />

ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

Brachiaria<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

C elosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Centranthera<br />

brunoniana Benth.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chara<br />

sp.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Cissus<br />

repens - see Vitis repens<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gyaridropsis gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Coix<br />

aquatica Roxb.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus axillaris<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Vitaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

diffusus Vahl<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

halpan L.<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

longus L.<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

microbachne - see D. setigera<br />

setigera Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

acutifolium Bonati<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

LAOS 225<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae

226 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Er. & Sav.) Palla<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Euphorbia<br />

hirta L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

G l<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Capparaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

H eliotropium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

Herpestis<br />

monnieri - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

l mperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

Ipomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

lsachne<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

lschaemum<br />

ciliare - see l. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Jussiaea<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

sp.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Family<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

LAOS 227<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Butomaceae

228 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Limnophila<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osbeck.) Merr.<br />

geoffrayi Bonati<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

hirsuta - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

laotica Bonati<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Lobelia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

griffithii Hook. f. & Thoms.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melochia<br />

pyramidata L.<br />

Mesona<br />

palustris BI.<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mollugo<br />

verticillata - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us oppositifolius<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastaefolia - see M. hastata<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Monochoria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N elumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Neptunia<br />

oleracea Lour.<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oryza<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

P anicum<br />

repens L.<br />

trichoides Sw.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

Paspalum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Passiflora<br />

foetida L.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium lathryroides<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol.<br />

Phragmites<br />

australls (Cav.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

communis - see P. australis<br />

Physalis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

LAOS 229<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Passifloraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Philydraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Solanaceae

230 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Polygonum<br />

tomentosum Willd.<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.) B. van Leeuwen<br />

densiflora (Roth) Koehne<br />

diversifolia Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne<br />

S accharum<br />

spontaneum L.<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

Scirpus<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

Araceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Scleria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

rhombifolia L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

T enagocharis<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch.<br />

Trianthema<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

U tricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

V ernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

Vitis<br />

repens Wight & Arn.<br />

X yris<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

LAOS 231<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Vitaceae<br />

Xyridaceae

232 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Laos.<br />

Choulamountry O (1974) An <strong>in</strong>troduction to aquatic weeds of Laos. Paper presented at the<br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Gangstad E O, Seaman D E, Nelson M L (1972) Potential growth of aquatic plants of the lower<br />

Mekong river bas<strong>in</strong> Laos-Thail<strong>and</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 10:4-9.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hamet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subiamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Lecomte H (1907-1951) General flora of Indo-ch<strong>in</strong>a [<strong>in</strong> French]. Masson et Cie, Paris.<br />

Lecomte H, Tardieu-blot M L, eds. (1960- ) Flora of Cambodia, Laos <strong>and</strong> Vietnam [<strong>in</strong> French].<br />

Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong> Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972, Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Sisounthone C, Sisombat L (1973) Brief <strong>in</strong>formation on weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields <strong>in</strong> Laos. Pages 151-<br />

153 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d Indonesian Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society<br />

of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V, Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N. V., Jakarta, Indonesia.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Malaysia.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

A eschynomene<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra - see A. sessilis<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

nummularifolius - see A. vag<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.)Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

peploides - see Rotala <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Aneilema<br />

keisak - see Murdannia keisak<br />

nudiflorum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

Azolla<br />

filiculoides Lam.<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B ergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

malayana - see B. auberti<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Commellnaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

VOL,WSR<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR

234 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Borreria<br />

laevis (Lam.) Griseb.<br />

setidens (Miq.) Bold.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedia - see B. bladhii<br />

Brachiaria<br />

miliiformis (Presl) A. Chase<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

paspaloides (Presl) C.E. Hubb.<br />

C alopogonium<br />

mucunoides Desv.<br />

Centipeda<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers.<br />

orbicularis - see C. m<strong>in</strong>ima<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron.<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chamaeraphis<br />

squarrosa - see Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens<br />

Chara<br />

gymnopitys Brann.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L.<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Clidemia<br />

hirta (L.) D. Don<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

DIR,VOL<br />

TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

VOL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

diffusa Burm. f. Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

nudiflora - see Murdannia nudifiora<br />

Crotalaria<br />

mucronata - see C. pallida<br />

pallida Ait.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quefolia L.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris<br />

cristata D. Don.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

aromaticus (Rid .) Mattf. & Kuk.<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

babakensis - see C. babakan<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

ferax - see C. odoratus<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

longus L.<br />

luzulae Rottb. ex Willd.<br />

malaccensis Lam.<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

MALAYSIA 235<br />

TPR<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DIR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

TP R<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

VOL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP

236 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

substram<strong>in</strong>eus Kuk.<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

trialatus (Boeck.) Kern<br />

Cyrtococcum<br />

patens (L.) A. Camus<br />

trigonum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

D entella<br />

repens (L.) Forst.<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

violascens L.<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Dysophylla<br />

verticillata - see Pogostemon<br />

stellatus<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>odorus<br />

ridleyi Steen<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

WSR<br />

DIR,VOL,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eleocharis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

chaetaria - see E. retroflexa<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

fistulosa - see E. acutangula<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

ochrostachys Steud.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

variegata (Poir.) Presl<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Emilia<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Enhydrias<br />

angustifolia Ridl.<br />

angustipetala - see Blyxa japonica<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Eragrostis<br />

amabilis - see E. tenella<br />

Poaceae<br />

atrovirens (Desf.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud. Poaceae<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Poaceae<br />

Schult.<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Poaceae<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

disepalum Ridl.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart. Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriochloa<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. Poaceae<br />

Eupatorium<br />

odoratum - see Chromolaena Asteraceae<br />

odorata<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma Cyperaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

MALAYSIA 237

238 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Fimbristylis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

pauciflora R. Br.<br />

podocarpa - see F. tomentosa<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

glomerata - see F. ciliaris<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G l<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Grangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

H edyotis<br />

diffusa L.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (Lf.) Royle<br />

Hydrocera<br />

triflora (L.) Wight & Arn.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

phlomoides Nees<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Geraniaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong> Poaceae<br />

myurus - see Sacciolepis myurus Poaceae<br />

pseudo<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see H. Poaceae<br />

acutigluma<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

Hyptis<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

brevipes Poit.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

l mperata<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

Ipomoea<br />

Poaceae<br />

aquatica Forssk. Convolvulaceae<br />

reptans - see I. aquatica<br />

lsachne<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

australis - see I. himalaica Poaceae<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K. Poaceae<br />

himalaica Hook. f. Poaceae<br />

pangerangensis Zoll. & Mor. Poaceae<br />

lschaemum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr. Poaceae<br />

muticum L. Poaceae<br />

rugosum Salisb. Poaceae<br />

timorense Kunth Poaceae<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us Cyperaceae<br />

Jussiaea<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigis hyssopifolia Onagraceae<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia Onagraceae<br />

octovalvis<br />

K yll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

monocephala - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

oryzoides (L.) Sw.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DIR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

Onagraceae<br />

MALAYSIA 239<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP

240 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Lemna<br />

aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Welw. Lemnaceae<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L. Lemnaceae<br />

perpusilla - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Lemnaceae<br />

polyrhiza - see Spirodela polyrhiza Lemnaceae<br />

tenera Kurz Lemnaceae<br />

trisulca L.<br />

Lepironia<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

articulata (Retz.) Dom<strong>in</strong><br />

Leptochloa<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

brownii C.E. Hubb. Poaceae<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees Poaceae<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi Poaceae<br />

polystachya - see L. brownii<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

Poaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Nymphoides <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Limnocharis<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Limnophila<br />

Butomaceae<br />

aromatica (Lam.) Merr. Scrophulariaceae<br />

erecta Benth. Scrophulariaceae<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

micrantha (Benth.) Benth.<br />

sessiliflora BI.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

peduncul +<br />

- a Wettst.<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth<br />

Lippia<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

Ludwigia<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

Onagraceae<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell Onagraceae<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

VOL<br />

VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Ludwigia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see L. hyssopifolia<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Merremia<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

Microcarpaea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (Koen. ex Retz.) Merr.<br />

Mikania<br />

cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

micrantha Kunth<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

elata - see M. hastata var. elata<br />

hastaefolia - see M. hastata<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

hastata (L.) Solms var. elata<br />

(Ridl.) Back.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

keisak (Hassk.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Mass.<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N ajas<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

malesiana De Wilde<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

MALAYSIA 241<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

DIR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL,VOL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

242 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Neptunia<br />

oleracea Lour.<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Nymphaea<br />

lotus L. Nymphaceae<br />

nouchali Burm. f. Nymphaceae<br />

stellata - see N. nouchali Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphoides<br />

humboldtianum (Kunth) Hoehne Gentianaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L. Lamiaceae<br />

Oenanthe<br />

javanica (BI.) DC. Apiaceae<br />

stolonifera - see O. javanica Apiaceae<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

dichotoma H.K. f. Rubiaceae<br />

diffusa - see Hedyotis diffusa Rubiaceae<br />

Oplismenus<br />

compositus (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara, Poaceae<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl Poaceae<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry Poaceae<br />

rufipogon Griff. Poaceae<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev. Poaceae<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oxalis<br />

corniculata L.<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

corymbosa DC.<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

P anicum<br />

amplexicaule - see Hymenachne Poaceae<br />

acutigluma<br />

auritum Presl ex Nees Poaceae<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Panicum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Sacciolepis <strong>in</strong>dica Poaceae<br />

maximum Jacq. Poaceae<br />

nodosum - see Ottochloa nodosa Poaceae<br />

repens L. Poaceae<br />

sarmentosurn Roxb. Poaceae<br />

trigonum - see Cyrtococcum<br />

trigonum<br />

Poaceae<br />

walense Mez Poaceae<br />

Paspalum<br />

commersonii - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

longifoliurn Roxb.<br />

orbiculare - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

platycoleum - see P. longifolium<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium Fabaceae (P)<br />

lathryroides<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol. Philydraceae<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

fraternus Webster Euphorbiaceae<br />

niruri - see P. fraternus Euphorbiaceae<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L. Euphorbiaceae<br />

Physalis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Araceae<br />

Pogostemon<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

polystachyos<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

MALAYSIA 243

244 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Pycreus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

Polygonum<br />

barbatum L.<br />

hydropiper L.<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickery<br />

R hynchospora<br />

aurea - see R. corymbosa<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

submarg<strong>in</strong>ata Kuk.<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.)<br />

B. van Leeuwen<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

Ruppia<br />

maritima L.<br />

S acciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (Willd.) Stapf<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

myurus (Lam.) A. Chase<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

auriculata - see S. molesta<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell<br />

natans (L.) All.<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR, WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

VOL,WSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Scirpus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

wallichii Nees<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

oryzoides - see S. poaeformis<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Sparganophorus<br />

vaillantii - see Struchium<br />

sparganophorum<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Struchium<br />

sparganophorum (L.) O.K.<br />

Stylidium<br />

tenellum Sw.<br />

T hemeda<br />

villosa (Poir.) A. Camus<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

U tricularia<br />

alb<strong>in</strong>a - see U. caerulea<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Stylidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

MALAYSIA 245<br />

DSR,TPR,VOL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP

246 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Utricularia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

caerulea L.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>utissima Vahl<br />

pilosa (Mak<strong>in</strong>o) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

V <strong>and</strong>ellia<br />

elata Benth.<br />

pedunculata Benth.<br />

W olffia<br />

arrhiza (L.) Wimm.<br />

X yris<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Malaysia.<br />

Ackerson R C, Davis L A (1987) Metsulfuron methyl - a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 137-143 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Allen E F, Bewlay E W (1949) Investigations on the mechanical cultivation of padi at<br />

Chenderong Balai, 1948-1949. Malayan Agric. J. 32:208-222.<br />

Baki B B (1981) Weed management <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Malaysia. Pages 228-254 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of a<br />

workshop on <strong>in</strong>tegrated pest control for <strong>rice</strong>. Malaysian Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong><br />

Development Institute, Bumbong Lima, Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai. Malaysia.<br />

Baki B B, Khir A R (1983) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> major <strong>rice</strong> grow<strong>in</strong>g areas <strong>in</strong> Pen<strong>in</strong>sular Malaysia: detection<br />

<strong>and</strong> classification of groups of ecologically related species by multivariate analysis. Paper<br />

presented at the Symposium on Weed Science <strong>in</strong> the Tropics, 4-5 Oct 1983, Universiti<br />

Pertanian Malaysia, Ser<strong>and</strong>ang, Selangor, Malaysia.<br />

Baki B B, Supaad M A (1983) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> direct-seeded <strong>rice</strong> with special reference<br />

to butachlor or butachlor + 2,4-D IPE. Paper presented at the Symposium on Weed<br />

Science <strong>in</strong> the Tropics, 4-5 Oct 1983, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Ser<strong>and</strong>ang, Selangor,<br />

Malaysia.<br />

Barnes D E, Ch<strong>and</strong>apillai M M (1972) Common Malaysian weeds <strong>and</strong> their control. Ansul<br />

(Malaysia) Sdn. Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 146 p.<br />

Buckley T A (1951) Notes on the control of trees <strong>and</strong> weeds by phytocides. Malaysian Agric. J.<br />

34:27-31.<br />

Burkill I H (1966) A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Pen<strong>in</strong>sula. Vol. 1 & 2. 2d<br />

ed. M<strong>in</strong>istry of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Calderon J I, Hare C J, Palis F V, Burhan H, Bh<strong>and</strong>hufalck A, Chong W C (1987) Setoff - a new<br />

<strong>rice</strong> herbicide for S.E. <strong>Asia</strong>. Pages 73-79 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11 th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Cheam A H (1974) Current status of aquatic weed problems <strong>in</strong> Pen<strong>in</strong>sular Malaysia. Paper<br />

presented at the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang,<br />

Indonesia. 14 p.<br />

Coleman P G, Haynes D W N, Hitchcock J L B (1956) Observations on the control of weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

padi fields by the use of herbicides. Malayan Agric. J. 39:191-199.<br />

Elias R S (1969) Rice production <strong>and</strong> m<strong>in</strong>imum tillage. Outlook Agric. 6(2):67-70.

MALAYSIA 247<br />

Enoch I C (1972) Notes on some common members of the Cyperaceae <strong>in</strong> West Malaysia.<br />

Malayan Agric. 11:69-77.<br />

Gillil<strong>and</strong> H B (1971) A revised flora of Malaya. Vol. III. Grasses. Botanic Gardens, Government<br />

Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Office, S<strong>in</strong>gapore. 319 p.<br />

Glass E H, Smith R J Jr, Thomason I J. Thurston H.D (1972) Plant protection problems <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 66 p.<br />

Grist D H (1 965) Rice. 4th ed. Longmans. London, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 548 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae.<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Henderson M R (1954) Malayan wild flowers. Monocotyledons. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala<br />

Lumpur, Malaysia. 357 p.<br />

Henderson M R (1959) Malayan wild flowers. Dicotyledons. Malayan Nature Society, Kuala<br />

Lumpur, Malaysia. 472 p.<br />

Hill R D (1 982) Agriculture <strong>in</strong> the Malaysian region. Geography of world agriculture 11. Research<br />

Institute of Geography, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. 232 p.<br />

Ho B L. Saharan H A (1976) Important <strong>rice</strong> pests <strong>and</strong> their management <strong>in</strong> Malaysia. MARDl<br />

Rep. 46. Malaysian Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute, Bumbong Lima,<br />

Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai, Malaysia. 7 p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1982) The future of direct seed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the Muda area. Muda Agricultural Development<br />

Authority, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. 25 p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1983) Status of pesticide application technology on small farmers <strong>in</strong> the Muda area.<br />

Paper presented at the 2d UPM-MAPPS Course on Pesticide Application Technology, 18-22<br />

Oct 1983, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Ser<strong>and</strong>ang, Selangor, Malaysia. 21 p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1984) Status of <strong>rice</strong> pests <strong>and</strong> pesticide usage <strong>in</strong> the Muda irrigation scheme. Muda<br />

Agricultural Development Authority, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia. 21 p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1985) An overview of weed problems <strong>in</strong> the Muda irrigation scheme of Pen<strong>in</strong>sular<br />

Malaysia. Pages 1-15 <strong>in</strong> MADA Monogr. 42. Muda Agricultural Development Authority, Alor<br />

Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1985) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> the direct seeded <strong>and</strong> volunteer seedl<strong>in</strong>g fields <strong>in</strong> the Muda<br />

area. Pages 16-25 <strong>in</strong> MADA Monogr. 42. Muda Agricultural Development Authority, Alor<br />

Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1986) Comparison of weed flora <strong>and</strong> farmers' weed control practices <strong>in</strong> the<br />

transplanted <strong>and</strong> direct-seeded <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Muda area of Malaysia. Paper presented at the<br />

2d International Plant Protection Conference, 17-20 Mar 1986, Gent<strong>in</strong>g Highl<strong>and</strong>s, Malaysia.<br />

3p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1986) Status report of <strong>rice</strong> pests <strong>in</strong> the Muda area (Year 1984-1985). Muda<br />

Agricultural Development Authority, Alor Setar, Kedah. Malaysia. 10 p.<br />

Ho Nai K<strong>in</strong> (1987) Direct seed<strong>in</strong>g culture <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrated weed management programme <strong>in</strong> the<br />

Muda area, Malaysia. Paper presented at the Annual Meet<strong>in</strong>g of the National Integrated<br />

Pest Control Committee of Malaysia, 12 Mar 1987, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Holm L G, Herberger J (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> of tropical crops. Pages 1132-1149 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

10th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Holttum R E (1954) Plant life <strong>in</strong> Malaya. Longmans, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 254 p.<br />

Hua Hs<strong>in</strong>g Chemical Company (1981) Successful control of watergrass <strong>in</strong> padi fields at Sek<strong>in</strong>-<br />

chan, Tanjung Karang us<strong>in</strong>g different formulations of Ordram selective <strong>rice</strong> herbicide.<br />

Technical <strong>in</strong>formation. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 21 p.

248 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Ismail A A (1978) Some recent studies on Salv<strong>in</strong>ia - an aquatic weed of <strong>rice</strong>. Information Paper<br />

6. Malaysian Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute, Bumbong Lima, Kepala<br />

Batas, Seberang Perai, Malaysia.<br />

Jagoe R B, Johnston M (1949) The use of plant growth-regulat<strong>in</strong>g substances as weed killers.<br />

Malayan Agric. J. 32:304-314.<br />

Kadir M H B A (1986) Present status of weeds <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong> Malaysian agriculture. Pages<br />

55-67 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the symposium <strong>in</strong> weed science. J V. Pancho, S.S. Sastroutomo<br />

<strong>and</strong> S. Tjitrosemito, eds., Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor,<br />

Indonesia.<br />

Lee S A (1977) An analysis of weed research <strong>in</strong> west Malaysia (1912-76). Malaysian Plant<br />

Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 18 p.<br />

Malaysian Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute (1978) Rice Research Branch annual<br />

report for 1977. Bumbong Lima, Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai, Malaysia. 155 p.<br />

Malaysian Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute (1982) Rice Research Branch annual<br />

report for 1981. Bumbong Lima, Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai. Malaysia. 288 p.<br />

Mansor M, Nord<strong>in</strong> A P, Kimi S (1985) Phosphate <strong>and</strong> the distribution of aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

northern Malaysia. Pages 438-451 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 10th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Chiangmai, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Moriya M (1960) Experiments on weed control with herbicides. Va. Effect of 2,4-D <strong>in</strong> padi field.<br />

Pages 95-101 <strong>in</strong> Experimental results of paddy <strong>rice</strong> conducted by Colombo plan technical<br />

expert <strong>in</strong> Malaya. M<strong>in</strong>istry of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Forestry, Bukit Merah Padi Experiment Station,<br />

Prov<strong>in</strong>ce Wellesley, Malaysia.<br />

Moriya M (1960) Experiments on weed control with herbicides. Vc. Experiment on weed<strong>in</strong>g<br />

methods <strong>in</strong> the padi field. Pages 39-45 <strong>in</strong> Experimental results of paddy <strong>rice</strong> conducted by<br />

Colombo plan technical expert <strong>in</strong> Malaya. M<strong>in</strong>istry of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Forestry, Bukit Merah<br />

Padi Experiment Station, Prov<strong>in</strong>ce Wellesley, Malaysia.<br />

Nakagawa K (1972) Weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control research <strong>in</strong> the <strong>south</strong>-east<br />

<strong>Asia</strong> [<strong>in</strong> Japanese]. Weed Res. Jpn. 13:6-14.<br />

Ng P H (1983) Weed problem <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded/broadcasted <strong>rice</strong> field. Paper<br />

presented at the Symposium on Weed Science <strong>in</strong> the Tropics, 4-5 Oct 1983, Universiti<br />

Pertanian Malaysia, Ser<strong>and</strong>ang. Selangor, Malaysia.<br />

Noda K (1971) 3rd APWSS conference <strong>and</strong> agriculture <strong>and</strong> weed problems <strong>in</strong> Malaysia <strong>and</strong><br />

Taiwan [<strong>in</strong> Japanese]. Shoku-cho 5(6):2-16.<br />

Noda K (1979) Present status <strong>and</strong> future challenge of weed problems <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>n<br />

countries. Based on a survey carried out <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>, Malaysia <strong>and</strong> Indonesia [<strong>in</strong> Japanese,<br />

English summary]. Nekken-Shiryo 41. 60 p.<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972, Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Quadranti M, Rufence J, Zoschke A (1987) CGA 142,464: a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 117-128 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Reed C F (1977) Economically important foreign weeds. Potential problems <strong>in</strong> the United States.<br />

Agric. H<strong>and</strong>b. 498. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 746 p.<br />

Ridley H N (1922-1925) The flora of the Malay Pen<strong>in</strong>sula. Vol. 1-5. Reeve, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Saharan H A (1977) Rice weed control <strong>in</strong> Malaysia - a review. Pages 250-256 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />

the <strong>rice</strong> review meet<strong>in</strong>g. A.A. Ismail, J. Varughese <strong>and</strong> W.R. Abdullah, eds., Malaysian<br />

Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute, Bumbong Lima, Kepala Batas, Seberang<br />

Perai, Malaysia.<br />

Saharan H A, Cheong A W (1982) Weed management <strong>in</strong> direct seeded <strong>and</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Malaysian Agric. J. 53:288-298.

MALAYSIA 249<br />

Saiki D F, Plucknett D L, Motooka P S (1967) A checklist of important weeds <strong>in</strong> the <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

region. Pages 131-133 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control Interchange.<br />

<strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.<br />

Samy J, Wong A, lsmail A, Jaafar M (1980) A h<strong>and</strong>book of padi-field weeds Malaysian<br />

Agricultural Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute, Bumbong Lima. Kepala Batas Seberang<br />

Perai, Malaysia. 84 p.<br />

S<strong>and</strong>s N H (1933) Notes on certa<strong>in</strong> submerged aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> padi fields. Malayan Agric. J.<br />

21:175-176.<br />

S<strong>and</strong>s W N (1933) The vegetation of the <strong>rice</strong> l<strong>and</strong>s <strong>in</strong> north Kedah. Malayan Agric. J. 21:379-386.<br />

Seth A K, Khaw C H, Fua J M (1971) M<strong>in</strong>imal <strong>and</strong> zero tillage techniques <strong>and</strong> post-plant<strong>in</strong>g weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 188-200 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 3d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society<br />

Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V, Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Sugimoto K (1964) F<strong>in</strong>al report for period 1962 to 1964 padi experiment <strong>and</strong> survey <strong>in</strong> double<br />

cropp<strong>in</strong>g areas of Prov<strong>in</strong>ce Wellesley, Federation of Malaya. Malaysian Agricultural<br />

Research <strong>and</strong> Development Institute, Bumbong Lima, Kepala Batas, Seberang Perai,<br />

Malaysia. 155 p.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N. V., Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Yong S H, Goh A K (1977) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> padi-fields (Pen<strong>in</strong>sular Malaysia). Cawangan Pemeliharaan<br />

Tanaman, Jabatan Pertanian, Malaysia. 74 p.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Nepal.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

A chyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Acorus<br />

calamus L.<br />

Araceae<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

aspera L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

virg<strong>in</strong>ica (L.) B.S.P.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Agerat<strong>in</strong>a<br />

adenophora (Spreng.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son Asteraceae<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Alisma<br />

sp.<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alopecurus<br />

aequalis Sobol.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alternanthera<br />

amoena - see A. ficoidea<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Griseb.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

monolifer DC.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthus<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Lythraceae<br />

pygmaea Kurz<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Anabaena<br />

sp.<br />

Nostocaceae

252 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Aneilema<br />

hamiltonianum Wall.<br />

Arenaria<br />

serpyllifolia L.<br />

Arund<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce<br />

Asteracantha<br />

longifolia - See Hygrophila auriculata<br />

Azolla<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

Biophytum<br />

sensitivum (L.) DC.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Boerhavia<br />

diffusa L.<br />

Bonnaya<br />

brachiata - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia ciliata<br />

veronicaefolia Spreng.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

pertusa (L.) A. Camus<br />

Brachiaria<br />

eruciformis (J.E. Sm.) Griseb.<br />

ramosa (L.) Stapf<br />

Briza<br />

sp.<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

C aesulia<br />

axillaris Roxb.<br />

Canscora<br />

decussata Schult.<br />

Cassia<br />

obtusifolia - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Chara<br />

sp .<br />

Chenopodium<br />

album L.<br />

murale L.<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cladophora<br />

sp .<br />

Colocasia<br />

sp.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

longifolia Lam.<br />

obliqua - see C. paludosa<br />

paludosa BI.<br />

salicifolia - see C. longifolia<br />

Corchorus<br />

capsularis L.<br />

olitorius L.<br />

Crassocephalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore<br />

Cr<strong>in</strong>um<br />

latifolium L.<br />

Crotalaria<br />

humifusa Grah. ex Benth.<br />

Croton<br />

sparsiflorus Morong<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus axillaris<br />

barbata D. Don<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

NEPAL 253<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cladophoraceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaryllidaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae

254 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

dilutus - see C. compactus<br />

distans L.f.<br />

erythrorhizos Muhl.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

globosus - see C. flavidus<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

longus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

strigosus L.<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Dentella<br />

repens (L.) Forst.<br />

Desmodium<br />

triflorum (L.) DC.<br />

Dichanthium<br />

annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli var. kasaharae - see E. glabrescens<br />

crus-galli var. oryzicola - see E. phyllopogon<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var. praticola Ohwi<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

dulcis (Burrn. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

palustris (L.) R. Br.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

setaceum L.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

sieboldianum - see E. sexangulare<br />

Eupatorium<br />

adenophorurn - see Agerat<strong>in</strong>a adenophora<br />

Euphorbia<br />

hirta L.<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

Evolvulus<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides (L.) L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

NEPAL 255

256 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Exacum<br />

tetragonum Roxb.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma<br />

falcata (Vahl) Kunth<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

junciformis - see F. falcata<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

G rangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

H edyotis<br />

diffusa L.<br />

paniculata (L.) Lam.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

strigosum (L.) Willd.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

Heteropogon<br />

contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocharis<br />

dubia (BI.) Backer<br />

morsus-ranae L.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

auriculata (Schum.) He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Hygroryza<br />

aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight & Arn.<br />

l mperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

lndigofera<br />

trifoliata L.<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ipomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

lschaemum<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

lsoetes<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica P. & S.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Juncus<br />

sp.<br />

Jussiaea<br />

perennis - see Ludwigia perennis<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia octovalvis<br />

Justicia<br />

simplex D. Don<br />

K yll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

brevifolia - see Cyperus brevifolius<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L.<br />

Leucas<br />

aspera (Willd.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Limnophila<br />

aquatica (Roxb.) Alston<br />

racemosa - see L. aquatica<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Lippia<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

lsoetaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Juncaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

NEPAL 257<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae

258 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M ariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Mazus<br />

sp.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Microcystis<br />

sp.<br />

Microstegium<br />

ciliatum (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) A. Camus<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Moniera<br />

cuneifolia - see Bacopa monnieri<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N asturtium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Rorippa <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>ale R. Br.<br />

Nelumbo<br />

sp.<br />

Nostoc<br />

sp.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

alba L.<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Chroococcaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Nymphaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Nymphoides<br />

cristata (Roxb.) O.K.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

O ldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

diffusa - see Hedyotis diffusa<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis DC.<br />

paniculata - see Hedyotis paniculata<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

perennis (annual) - see O. nivara<br />

perennis (perennial) - see O. rufipogon<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Oxalis<br />

sp.<br />

P anicum<br />

fluitans - see Paspalidium gem<strong>in</strong>atum<br />

repens L.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

Paspalum<br />

commersonii - see Paspalum scrobiculatum<br />

distichum L.<br />

notatum Fluegge<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

niruri - see P. fraternus<br />

simplex - see P. virgatus<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

NEPAL 259

260 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Physalis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Polygonum<br />

barbatum L.<br />

flaccidum Meissn.<br />

glabrum Wild.<br />

hydropiper L.<br />

viscosum Ham.<br />

Polypogon<br />

fugax Nees ex Steud.<br />

Potamogeton<br />

sp.<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R anunculus<br />

sp.<br />

Rhynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

Rotala<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Wild.) Koehne<br />

leptopetala - see R. rosea<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook<br />

rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton<br />

exaltata - see R. coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Rumex<br />

crispus L.<br />

S accharum<br />

spontaneum L.<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Ranunculaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

sp.<br />

Scirpus<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Scleria<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Senna<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

Setaria<br />

glauca - see Pennisetum glaucum<br />

pallide-fusca - see S. pumila<br />

palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

T enagocharis<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch.<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

Typha<br />

angustata - see T. angustifolia<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

U tricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

exoleta R. Br.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

NEPAL 261

262 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

V allisneria<br />

spiralis L.<br />

V<strong>and</strong>ellia<br />

anagallis - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia anagallis<br />

Volvulopsis<br />

nummularia (L.) Roberty<br />

W olffia<br />

sp.<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Nepal.<br />

Chaudhury R L (1971) Studies on paddy crop weeds of Basti <strong>and</strong> adjacent Nepal. Oryza<br />

8(2):63-70.<br />

Gupta O P, Bajracharya S R, Shivakoti G P (1977) A study of weed problem at Rampur,<br />

Chitwan, Nepal. J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 1:1-86.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Malla M L (1979) Review of weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the 6th Summer Crop<br />

Sem<strong>in</strong>ar, Central Agricultural Research Station, Khumaltar, Nepal. 13 p.<br />

Malla M L, Rangit J D (1981) Weed control trial <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>, 1980. Pages 96-98 <strong>in</strong> The 8th Rice<br />

Improvement Workshop - 1980. Department of Agriculture, Parwanipur, Nepal.<br />

Mallick R N (1981/82) Rice <strong>in</strong> Nepal. Syndicate Pr<strong>in</strong>ters, Jal<strong>and</strong>har City, Nepal. 224 p.<br />

Mallick R N, Shresth R B, Upadhyay B P, Choudhary R M (1974) Cooperative weed control<br />

experiments <strong>in</strong> Nepal. Paper presented at the International Rice Research Conference, 22-<br />

25 Apr 1974, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Michael P W (1983) Taxonomy <strong>and</strong> distribution of Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa species with special reference to<br />

their occurrence as weeds of <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 291-306 <strong>in</strong> Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Morishima H, Sano Y, Oka H I (1980) Observations on wild <strong>and</strong> cultivated <strong>rice</strong>s <strong>and</strong> companion<br />

weeds <strong>in</strong> the hilly areas of Nepal, India <strong>and</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Contrib 1349. National Institute of<br />

Genetics, Misima, Japan. 97 p.<br />

Numata M (1985) Ecological studies of weed vegetation <strong>in</strong> Himalayas of Eastern Nepal. Pages<br />

15-23 <strong>in</strong> Ecology <strong>and</strong> resource management <strong>in</strong> tropics. Vol. I. K.C. Misra, ed., Bhargava<br />

Bhushan Press, Varanasi, India.<br />

Reed C F (1977) Economically important foreign weeds. Potential problems <strong>in</strong> the United States.<br />

Agric. H<strong>and</strong>b. 498. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 746 p.

NEPAL 263<br />

Regmi P P (1983) Some fundamentals of <strong>rice</strong> weeds <strong>in</strong> Nepal. Paper presented at the Rice<br />

Protection Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Program, National Rice Improvement Program, Parwanipur, Nepal. 3 p.<br />

Regmi P P, Bajacharya J (1983) Identification <strong>and</strong> control of <strong>rice</strong> weeds <strong>in</strong> Nepal. The study of<br />

<strong>rice</strong> weeds <strong>and</strong> their management. Paper presented at the Rice Protection Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />

Program, National Rice Improvement Program, Parwanipur, Nepal. 12 p.<br />

Regmi P P, Rangit J D (1985) Some aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> Nepal. Nepalese J. Agric. 16:149-152.<br />

Yabuno T (1956) Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa. Pages 256-259 <strong>in</strong> L<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> crops of Nepal Himalaya. H. Kihara,<br />

ed.. Fauna <strong>and</strong> Flora Research Society, University of Kyoto, Japan.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Pakistan.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

A eschynomene<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

auriculata Willd.<br />

baccifera L.<br />

multiflora Roxb.<br />

B lyxa<br />

aubert Rich.<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Brachiaria<br />

sp.<br />

C ladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

Convolvulus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amlschophacelus axillaris<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

halpan L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Commellnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

266 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

longus L.<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Digitaria<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

flagellifera - see Ochthochloa compressa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Epilobium<br />

hirsutum L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Onagraceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

sieboldianum - see E. sexangulare<br />

Eriochloa<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Euphorbia<br />

helioscopia L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

bis-umbellata (Forssk.) Bub.<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea (L.) Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

squarrosa Vahl<br />

H eliocharis<br />

atropurpurea - see Eleocharis atropurpurea<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

I pomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

lschaemum<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Justicia<br />

peploides - see J. qu<strong>in</strong>queangularis<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>queangularis Konig ex Roxb.<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

PAKISTAN 267<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae

268 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Lemna<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

Limnophila<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Druce<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

procumbens (Krock.) Philcox<br />

pyxidaria - see L. procumbens<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Ludwigia<br />

perennis L.<br />

Lythrum<br />

salicaria L.<br />

M ariscus<br />

compactus - sea Cyperus compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Mazus<br />

japonicus (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

Monochoria<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N ymphaea<br />

lotus L.<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

stellata - see N. nouchali<br />

O chthochloa<br />

compressa (Forssk.) Hilu<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Oryza (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sativa var. fatua - see O. nivara, O. rufipogon,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Oxalis<br />

corniculata L.<br />

P anicum<br />

sp.<br />

Paspalum<br />

distichum L.<br />

paspalodes - see P. distichum<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Potamogeton<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>rus Poir.<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

Rotala<br />

densiflora (Roth) Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

S agittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Scirpus<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>is - see S. maritimus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lacustris L.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

roylei (Nees) Parker<br />

triqueter - see S. lacustris<br />

Scleria<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Poaceae<br />

PAKISTAN 269<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae

270 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

T orul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

monogyna - see T. portulacastrum<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

V allisneria<br />

spiralis L.<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Pakistan.<br />

Ahmad S, Stewart R R (1958) Grasses of West Pakistan. Part I. Subfamily Panicoideae. Pages 1-<br />

151 <strong>in</strong> Biological Society of Pakistan. Monogr. 3. Lahore, Pakistan.<br />

Ahmad S, Stewart R R (1959) Grasses of West Pakistan. Part II Subfamily Pooideae. Pages 152-<br />

388 <strong>in</strong> Biological Society of Pakistan. Monogr. 3. Lahore, Pakistan.<br />

Bajwa A M, Saeed S A, Rao A U R, Alam K (1985) Impact of herbicidal weed control on <strong>rice</strong><br />

( Oryza sativa L.) yield. J. Agric. Res. (Pakistan) 23:57-63.<br />

Ghouri A S K (1977) Elements of pest management <strong>in</strong> the <strong>rice</strong> crop. Int. Pest Contr. 19(3):9-<br />

11,14-16.<br />

Ghouri A S K, Tirmazi S S, Rehman H, lrshad M (1979) Conventional <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrated control of<br />

paddy pests <strong>in</strong> the Punjab, Pakistan. Int. Pest Contr. 21 (3):63-64.<br />

Gilal J A, Qureshi M A H (1984) Improved cultural practices for <strong>rice</strong> production <strong>in</strong> S<strong>in</strong>d. Pages<br />

125-128 <strong>in</strong> Research publications 1969 to 1983. I.M. Bhatti, ed., Rice Research Institute,<br />

Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Food, Government of S<strong>in</strong>d, Pakistan.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle. Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Khan A B, Ch<strong>and</strong> S, Sahto G A (1984) Review of weed control research at Rice Research<br />

Station, Dokri. Pages 15-32 <strong>in</strong> Research publications 1969 to 1983. I.M. Bhatti, ed., Rice<br />

Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Food, Government<br />

of S<strong>in</strong>d, Pakistan.<br />

Khan A M, Jamil M (1965) <strong>Weeds</strong> of field crops <strong>in</strong> Hyderabad district. West Pakistan J. Agric.<br />

Res. 3:152-183.<br />

Koehler C S, Wilcoxson R D, Mai W F, Zimdahl R L (1972) Plant protection <strong>in</strong> Turkey, Iran,<br />

Afghanistan <strong>and</strong> Pakistan. United States Agency for International Development,<br />

Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 82 p.<br />

Majid A, Ahmad S, Ahmad M (1974) Effect of types of weed on <strong>rice</strong> yield. J. Agric. Res. (Punjab)<br />

12:119-124.<br />

Nasir E, Ali S I, eds. (1970- ) Flora of West Pakistan. Department of Botany, University of<br />

Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.

PAKISTAN 271<br />

Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (1981) F<strong>in</strong>al Technical Report (Oct. 1, 1974 - Dec. 31,<br />

1980). PL-480 Project FG-Pa-246, PK-ARS-46. Islamabad, Pakistan. 261 p.<br />

Saeed S A (1982) National research programme on weeds of cereals. Pages 1-24 <strong>in</strong> Annual<br />

report. University of Agriculture, Faisalahad, Pakistan.<br />

Shad R A, Khan R (1985) Weed control strategies <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 171-182 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

5th National Sem<strong>in</strong>ar on Rice Research <strong>and</strong> Production, 25-27 Apr 1985. Rice Research<br />

Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan.<br />

Shad R A, Hussa<strong>in</strong> M, Khan R, Ziaudd<strong>in</strong> M (1986) Socio-economic aspects of losses <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> due<br />

to weeds. Pakistan J. Agric. Res. 7:257-263.<br />

Stewart R R (1957) The flora of Rawalp<strong>in</strong>di District. Frontier Exchange Press Ltd., Rawdp<strong>in</strong>di,<br />

Pakistan. 163 p.<br />

Stewart R R (1972) Annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan <strong>and</strong> Kashmir.<br />

Fakhri Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Press, Karachi, Pakistan. 1028 p.<br />

Zafar MA (1988) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Int Rice Res. Newsl. 13(1):29.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

A butilon<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (L.) Sweet<br />

Acalypha<br />

boehmerioides - see A. lanceolata<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

lanceolata Willd.<br />

Achyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Aeg<strong>in</strong>etia<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Aerva<br />

lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Agerat<strong>in</strong>a<br />

adenophora (Spreng.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g<br />

& B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Agrostis<br />

alba - see A. stolonifera<br />

stolonifera L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

bupleurifolius (L.) DC.<br />

nummularifolius - see A. vag<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

dubius Mart.<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Orobanchaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP

274 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Amaranthus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

gracilis - see A. viridis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

cocc<strong>in</strong>ea Rottb.<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>ra L.f.<br />

Anabaena<br />

sphaerica Born. & Flah.<br />

unispora Gardner<br />

Andropogon<br />

aciculatus - see Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus<br />

halepensis - see Sorghum<br />

halepense<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedius - see Bothriochloa<br />

bladhii<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>us - see Dichanthium<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>um<br />

zizanioides - see Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides<br />

Aneilema<br />

malabaricum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

nudiflorum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

Apluda<br />

mutica L.<br />

Asystasia<br />

gangetica (L.) T. Anders.<br />

Austroeupatorium<br />

<strong>in</strong>ulaefolium (Kunth.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g &<br />

B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Axonopus<br />

compressus (Sw.) Beauv.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Nostocaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

DSR,LNS,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Azolla<br />

filiculoides Lam.<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

floribunda (R. Br.) Wettst.<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

Basella<br />

rubra L.<br />

Basilicum<br />

polystachyon (L.) Moench<br />

Belosynapsis<br />

moluccana (L.) C.E.C. Fischer<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Bidens<br />

pilosa L.<br />

Biophytum<br />

sensitivum (L.) DC.<br />

Blechum<br />

pyramidatum (Lam.) Urb.<br />

Blumea<br />

lacera (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

lac<strong>in</strong>iata (Roxb.) DC.<br />

s<strong>in</strong>uata - see B. lac<strong>in</strong>iata<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Planch. ex Thw.<br />

Boerhavia<br />

diffusa L.<br />

Borreria<br />

articularis (L.f.) F.N. Williams<br />

laevis (Lam.) Griseb.<br />

ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

bladhil (Retz.) S.T. Blake<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedia - see B. bladhii<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Basellaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

PHILIPPINES 275

276 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Brachiaria<br />

distachya (L.) Stapf<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

reptans (L.) Gard. & C.E. Hubb.<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

C alogyne<br />

pilosa R. Br.<br />

Calopogonium<br />

mucunoides Desv.<br />

Canavalia<br />

maritima (Aubl.) Thou.<br />

Capparis<br />

micrantha DC.<br />

zeylanica L.<br />

Cardiospermum<br />

halicacabum L.<br />

Cassia<br />

alata - see Senna alata<br />

mimosoides - see Chamaecrista<br />

mimosoides<br />

obtusifolia - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

occidentalis - see Senna<br />

occidentalis<br />

tora - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

Catharanthus<br />

roseus (L.) G. Don<br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Cenchrus<br />

brownii Roem. & Schult.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>atus L.<br />

viridis - see C. brownii<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Centotheca<br />

lappacea (L.) Desv.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Goodeniaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Sap<strong>in</strong>daceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Apocynaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Culture<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Centrosema<br />

plumieri (Turp. ex Pers.) Benth.<br />

pubescens Benth.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

siliquosa - see C. thalictroides<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chamaecrista<br />

mimosoides St<strong>and</strong>ley<br />

Chara<br />

vulgaris L.<br />

Chenopodium<br />

ambrosioides L.<br />

Chloris<br />

barbata Sw.<br />

gayana Kunth<br />

<strong>in</strong>flata - see C. barbata<br />

polydactyla (L.) Sw.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

rutidosperma DC.<br />

viscosa L.<br />

Coix<br />

lachryma-jobi L.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

nudiflora - see Murdannia nudiflora<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Characeae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

PHILIPPINES 277<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPRNSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR

278 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Corchorus<br />

acutangulus - see C. aestuans<br />

aestuans L.<br />

capsularis L.<br />

olitorius L.<br />

Coreopsis<br />

t<strong>in</strong>ctoria Nutt.<br />

Cosmos<br />

caudatus Kunth<br />

Crassocephalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore<br />

Crotalaria<br />

bracteata Roxb.<br />

<strong>in</strong>cana L.<br />

juncea L.<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see C. montana<br />

montana Roth<br />

mucronata - see C. pallida<br />

pallida Ait.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quefolia L.<br />

retusa L.<br />

saltiana Andr.<br />

striata DC.<br />

verrucosa L.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris<br />

cristata D. Don.<br />

moluccana - see Belosynapsis<br />

moluccana<br />

Cyathula<br />

prostrata (L.) BI.<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us (Retz.) Valck. Sur.<br />

cyperoides (L.) O.K.<br />

diaphanus Schrader ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

difformis L.<br />

diffusus Vahl<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

ferax - see C. odoratus<br />

flabelliforrnis Rottb.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

globosus - see C. flavidus<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

javanicus Houtt.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

levis - see C. sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

malaccensis Lam.<br />

melanospermus (Nees) Valck. Sur.<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

pumilus L.<br />

pygmaeus Rottb.<br />

radiatus - see C. elatus<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kuk.<br />

stenophyllus Valck. Sur.<br />

tenuiculmis Boeck.<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

unc<strong>in</strong>atus - see C. cuspidatus<br />

zoll<strong>in</strong>geri Steud.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

TPR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

PHILIPPINES 279<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

LN S<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS,UPL

280 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Cyrtococcum<br />

accrescens (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) Stapf<br />

oxyphyllum (Steud.) Stapf<br />

patens (L.) A. Camus<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Deer<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr.<br />

polysperma (Roxb.) Moq.<br />

Desmodium<br />

capitatum - see D. styracifolium<br />

gangeticum (L.) DC.<br />

heterocarpon (L.) DC.<br />

heterophyllum (Willd.) DC.<br />

lasiocarpum - see D. velut<strong>in</strong>um<br />

laxiflorum DC.<br />

laxum L.<br />

podocarpum - see D. laxum<br />

procumbens (Mill.) Hitchc.<br />

pulchellum (L.) Benth.<br />

scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv.<br />

styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr.<br />

triflorum (L.) DC.<br />

velut<strong>in</strong>um (Willd.) DC.<br />

Dichanthium<br />

aristatum (Poir.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>um (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

Digitaria<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

compacta (Roth ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.) Veldk.<br />

corymbosa - see D. compacta<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

microbachne - see D. setigera<br />

radicosa (Presl) Miq.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

setigera Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

timorensis - see D. radicosa<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Culture<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Drymaria<br />

cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Caryophyllaceae<br />

Schult.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k Poaceae<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var<br />

austro-japonensis Ohwi<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

picta (Koen.) Michael<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

f. Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata Asteraceae<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

Asteraceae<br />

azurea (Sw.) Kunth Pontederiaceae<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

afflata - see E. congesta<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

capitata - see E. geniculata<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see E. dulcis<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Elephantopus<br />

mollis - see E. tomentosus Asteraceae<br />

scaber L. Asteraceae<br />

UPL<br />

PHILIPPINES 281<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR.WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL

282 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Elephantopus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

spicatus - see Pseudelephantopus<br />

spicatus<br />

tomentosus L.<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Elytraria<br />

imbricata (Vahl) Pers.<br />

Emilia<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Equisetum<br />

ramosissimum Desf.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see E. japonica<br />

japonica (Thunb.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

multicaulis Steud.<br />

simplex Scribn.<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Erigeron<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

alatum Lecomte<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

disepalum Ridl.<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Eriochloa<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Eupatorium<br />

<strong>in</strong>ulaefolium - see<br />

Austroeupatorium <strong>in</strong>ulaefolium<br />

odoratum - see Chromolaena<br />

odorata<br />

Euphorbia<br />

capillaris Gagnep.<br />

heterophylla L.<br />

hirta L.<br />

hypericifolia L.<br />

prostrata Ait.<br />

re<strong>in</strong>wardtiana - see E. vachellii<br />

serrulata - see E. vachellii<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Equisetaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Euphorbia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

vachellii Hook. & Arn.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

annua - see F. dichotoma<br />

barbata - see Bulbostylis barbata<br />

bis-umbellata (Forssk.) Bub.<br />

complanata (Retz.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma<br />

dipsacea (Rottb.) Clarke<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea (L.) Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

merrillii Kern<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

monostachya - see F. ovata<br />

ovata (Burm. f.) Kern<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

Flem<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

strobilifera (L.)R. Br. ex Ait. f.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G ahnia<br />

javanica Mor.<br />

Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Gomphrena<br />

celosioides Mart.<br />

Gonostegia<br />

hirta (BI.) Miq.<br />

reptans C.B. Roxb.<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Urticaceae<br />

Urticaceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

PHILIPPINES 283<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL

284 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

pentaphylla - see G. gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

Gynura<br />

crepidioides - see<br />

Crassocephalum crepidioides<br />

H ackelochloa<br />

granularis (L.) O.K.<br />

Hedyotis<br />

biflora - see H. racemosa<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

crataeogonum Spreng.<br />

diffusa L.<br />

herbacea L.<br />

racemosa Lam.<br />

verticillata - see H. crataeogonum.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Hewittea<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens (Milne) Mabberley<br />

sublobata - see H. sc<strong>and</strong>ens<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vanl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

Hypoxis<br />

decumbens<br />

Hyptis<br />

brevipes Poit.<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

spicigera Lam.<br />

suaveolens (L.) Poit.<br />

l lysanthes<br />

antipoda - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia antipoda<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Amaryllidaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,UPL .<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

lmperata<br />

arund<strong>in</strong>acea - see I. cyl<strong>in</strong>drica<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

lndigofera<br />

hirsuta L.<br />

suffruticosa Mill.<br />

t<strong>in</strong>ctoria L.<br />

Ipomoea<br />

alba L.<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

cairica (L.) Sweet<br />

gr<strong>and</strong>iflora Lam.<br />

macrantha Roem. & Schult.<br />

obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl.<br />

pes-tigridis L.<br />

reptans - see I. aquatica<br />

triloba L.<br />

tuba - see I. micrantha<br />

lsachne<br />

debilis Rendle<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

miliacea - see I. pulchella<br />

pauciflora Hack.<br />

pulchella Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

lschaemum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedium - see I. polystachyum<br />

polystachyum Presl<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae DSR,UPL<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

J acquemontia<br />

paniculata (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Jussiaea<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

erecta - see Ludwigia erecta Onagraceae<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia Onagraceae<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens Onagraceae<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia<br />

octovalvis<br />

Onagraceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

PHILIPPINES 285<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

UPL

286 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

K osteletzkya<br />

Family Culture<br />

batacensis (Blanco) F. Vill.<br />

Kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

Malvaceae NSP<br />

brevifolia - see Cyperus brevifolius Cyperaceae<br />

monocephala - see Cyperus<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

nemoralis - see Cyperus kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

L antana<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

camara L.<br />

Laportea<br />

Verbenaceae UPL<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (L.) Chew<br />

Laurentia<br />

Urticaceae LNS,UPL<br />

longiflora (L.) Peterm.<br />

Leersia<br />

Campanulaceae UPL<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

oryzoides (L.) Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

Poaceae<br />

NSP<br />

aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Welw. Lemnaceae TPR<br />

paucicostata - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Lemnaceae<br />

perpusilla - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Lemnaceae<br />

trisulca L.<br />

Leonurus<br />

Lemnaceae LNS<br />

sibiricus L.<br />

Lepidagathis<br />

Lamiaceae LNS,UPL<br />

secunda (Blanco) Nees<br />

Leptochloa<br />

Acanthaceae LNS,UPL<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees Poaceae<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

filiformis (Lam.) P. Beauv. Poaceae<br />

UPL<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Leucas<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR<br />

aspera (Willd.) L<strong>in</strong>k Lamiaceae LNS,UPL<br />

decemdentata (Willd.) J. Sm. Lamiaceae LNS,UPL<br />

javanica - see L. decemdentata Lamiaceae<br />

lav<strong>and</strong>ulaefolium - see L. l<strong>in</strong>ifolia Lamiaceae<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia (Roth) Spreng.<br />

Leucosyke<br />

Lamiaceae LNS,UPL<br />

capitellata (Poir.) Wedd. Urticaceae UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Limnophila<br />

sessiliflora BI.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

cordifolia - see L. anagallis<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

hirta - see L. pusilla<br />

pusilla (Willd.) Bold.<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth<br />

Lippia<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

Lolium<br />

temulentum L.<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

decurrens Walt.<br />

erecta (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

Lygodium<br />

flexuosum (L.) Sw.<br />

japonicurn (Thunb.) Sw.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Malachra<br />

capitata L.<br />

fasciata Jacq.<br />

Malvastrum<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>elianum (L.) Garcke<br />

Family Culture<br />

Scrophulariaceae NSP<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Schizaceae<br />

Schizaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

PHILIPPINES 287<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NUR,TPR,UPL.WSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

DSR,UPL

288 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus cyper<strong>in</strong>us<br />

dilutus - see Cyperus compactus<br />

flabelliformis - see Cyperus<br />

stenophyllus<br />

stuppeus - see Cyperus javanicus<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melampodium<br />

diffusum Cass.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

pyramidata L.<br />

Merremia<br />

emarg<strong>in</strong>ata (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

gemella (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

peltata (L.) Merr.<br />

tridentata - see Xenostegia<br />

tridentata<br />

umbellata (L.) Hall. f.<br />

vitifolia (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Mesona<br />

palustris BI.<br />

Mikania<br />

cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens - see M. cordata<br />

Mimosa<br />

<strong>in</strong>visa Mart. ex Colla<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mirabilis<br />

jalapa L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Moghania<br />

strobilifera - see Flem<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

strobilifera<br />

Mollugo<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

hirta - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us lotoides Aizoaceae<br />

lotoides - see Gl<strong>in</strong>us lotoides Aizoaceae<br />

pentaphylla L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

N ajas<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

Najadaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Cham.<br />

Najadaceae<br />

malesiana De Wilde<br />

Nasturtium<br />

Najadaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Rorippa <strong>in</strong>dica Brassicaceae<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn. Nelumbonaceae<br />

Nostoc<br />

carneum Ag. ex Born. & Flah. Nostocaceae<br />

ellipsosporum (Desm.) Rabenh. ex Nostocaceae<br />

Born. & Flah.<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

biflora - see Hedyotis racemosa Rubiaceae<br />

corymbosa - see Hedyotis Rubiaceae<br />

corymbosa<br />

diffusa - see Hedyotis diffusa Rubiaceae<br />

herbacea - see Hedyotis herbacea Rubiaceae<br />

Opercul<strong>in</strong>a<br />

turpethum (L.) Manso Convolvulaceae<br />

Ophiuros<br />

monostachyus - see Poaceae<br />

Thaumastochloa coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

PHILIPPINES 289<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LN S<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

UPL

290 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Oplismenus<br />

compositus (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

sativa var. fatua - see O. nivara,<br />

O. rufipogon, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Oxalis<br />

corniculata L.<br />

repens - see O. corniculata<br />

P aederia<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens (Lour.) Merr.<br />

Panicum<br />

auritum Presl ex Nees<br />

cambogiense Balansa<br />

car<strong>in</strong>atum - see Cyrtococcum<br />

patens<br />

colonum - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa colona<br />

crus-galli - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

crus-galli<br />

distachyon - see Brachiaria<br />

distachya<br />

flavidum - see Paspaíidium<br />

flavidum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Sacciolepis <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

maximum Jacq.<br />

miliaceum L.<br />

nodosum - see Ottochloa nodosa<br />

paludosum Roxb.<br />

patens - see Cyrtococcum patens<br />

punctatum - see Paspalidium<br />

punctatum<br />

purpurascens - see Brachiaria<br />

mutica<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Panicum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

repens L.<br />

reptans - see Brachiaria reptans<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>um - see Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a<br />

Parosela<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa (Blanco) Merr.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

punctatum (Burm.) A. Camus<br />

Paspalum<br />

commersonii - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

distichum L.<br />

fasciculatum Willd. ex Fluegge<br />

longiflorum - see Digitaria<br />

longiflora<br />

longifolium Roxb.<br />

notatum Fluegge<br />

orbiculare - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

paspalodes - see P. distichum<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Passiflora<br />

foetida L.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

polystachion (L.) Schult.<br />

purpureum K. Schum.<br />

Peperomia<br />

pellucida (L.) Kunth<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium<br />

lathryroides<br />

Phragmites<br />

australis (Cav.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

communis - see P. australis<br />

vulgaris - see P. australis<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Passifloraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Piperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

PHILIPPINES 291<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

DSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

LNS

292 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene Verbenaceae<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

amarus Schum. & Thonn.<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

niruri - see P. fraternus<br />

simplex - see P. virgatus<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L.<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Physalis<br />

angulata L.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

peruviana L.<br />

Piper<br />

loheri (L.) DC.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Plantago<br />

major L.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Polanisia<br />

icos<strong>and</strong>ra - see Cleome viscosa<br />

viscosa - see Cleome viscosa<br />

Polycarpea<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

Polygonum<br />

barbatum L.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ense L.<br />

pulchrum - see P. tomentosum<br />

tomentosum Willd.<br />

Polytrias<br />

amaura (Buse) O.K.<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

pilosa L.<br />

quadrifida L.<br />

Potamogeton<br />

perversus A. Benn.<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Piperaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Plantag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Culture<br />

NUR,TPR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

Potamogetonaceae NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

UPL

~~<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Pseudarthria<br />

viscida (L.) Wight & Arn.<br />

Pseudelephantopus<br />

spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F.<br />

Baker<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickery<br />

Pueraria<br />

lobata (Willd.) Ohwi<br />

phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.<br />

thunbergiana - see P. lobata<br />

triloba - see P. lobata<br />

Pupalia<br />

lappacea (L.) Juss.<br />

Pycreus<br />

eragrostis - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

nitens - see Cyperus pumilis<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus<br />

polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchelytrum<br />

repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

roseum - see R. repens<br />

Rhynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

rubra (Lour.) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

Ricciocarpus<br />

natans (L.) Corda<br />

Ric<strong>in</strong>us<br />

communis L.<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.)<br />

B. van Leeuwen<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

leptopetala - see R. rosea<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Riccicaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

PHILIPPINES 293<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

DSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP

294 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Rotala (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica Lythraceae<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook Lythraceae<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D.<br />

Clayton<br />

exaltata - see R. coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

S accharum<br />

spontaneum L.<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

Sagittaria<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

wallichii Nees<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

novae-holl<strong>and</strong>iae Boeck.<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

pterota Presl<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

scrobiculata Nees & Mey. ex Nees<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

zeylanica - see S. levis<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Senna<br />

alata (L.) Roxb.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

DSR,NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Senna (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

occidentalis (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Sesbania<br />

cannab<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) Poir.<br />

sesban (L.) Merr.<br />

speciosa Taub.<br />

Setaria<br />

geniculata (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

glauca - see Pennisetum glaucum<br />

italica (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

pallide-fusca - see S. pumila<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

viridis (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

cordifolia L.<br />

javensis Cav.<br />

retusa - see S. rhombifolia<br />

rhombifolia L.<br />

Solanum<br />

cum<strong>in</strong>gii Dumal<br />

Sorghum<br />

halepense (L.) Pers.<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spilanthes<br />

acmella - see S. iabadicensis<br />

iabadicensis A.H. Moore<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

Spirogyra<br />

sp.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

africanus (Poir.) Rob. & Tourn.<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus - see S. africanus<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Zygnemataceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

PHILIPPINES 295<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR

296 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Stachytarpheta<br />

jamaicensis (L.) Vahl<br />

Stylidium<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides R. Br.<br />

Synedrella<br />

nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.<br />

T agetes<br />

erecta L.<br />

Tal<strong>in</strong>um<br />

triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.<br />

Tephrosia<br />

dichotoma - see T. pumila<br />

pumila (Lam.) Pers.<br />

Teramnus<br />

labialis (L.f.) Spreng.<br />

Thaumastochloa<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) C.E.<br />

Hubb.<br />

Themeda<br />

gigantea (Cav.) Hack.<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Forssk.<br />

Tithonia<br />

diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray<br />

Torenia<br />

concolor L<strong>in</strong>dl.<br />

fournieri L<strong>in</strong>den ex Fourn.<br />

polygonoides Benth.<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

ferax - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

Trichodesma<br />

zeylanicum (Burm. f.) R. Br.<br />

Tridax<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Triumfetta<br />

bartramia - see T. rhomboidea<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Stylidaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Triumfetta (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

lappula L.<br />

rhomboidea Jacq.<br />

semitriloba Jacq.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

elephant<strong>in</strong>a Roxb.<br />

latifolia L.<br />

Typhonium<br />

divaricaturn (L.) Decne<br />

trilobatum (L.) Schott<br />

U raria<br />

lagopodoides (L.) Desv. ex DC.<br />

Urena<br />

lobata L.<br />

Utricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

baouleensis A. Chev.<br />

bifida L.<br />

V ernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

patula (Dry<strong>and</strong>.) Merr.<br />

Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides (L.) Nash<br />

W edelia<br />

biflora (L.) DC.<br />

Wolffia<br />

arrhiza (L.) Wimm.<br />

X enostegia<br />

tridentata (L.) Aust<strong>in</strong> & Staples<br />

Xyris<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Z ornia<br />

diphylla (L.) Pers.<br />

Zoysia<br />

matrella (L.) Merr.<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

PHILIPPINES 297<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS,UPL

298 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Abana N, Egipto E, Tomas S, Marcaida R, Torres R (1981) Component technology trials for<br />

irrigated transplanted <strong>rice</strong> at Alcala-Amulung pilot area (first crop 1980-81). Paper<br />

presented at the Solana Cropp<strong>in</strong>g Systems Workshop, 9-11 Feb 1981, International Rice<br />

Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 24 p.<br />

Acse J L (1987) Herbicidal performance of pretilachlor on <strong>rice</strong> (Oryza sativa L.) cv. IR-36 <strong>and</strong><br />

lowl<strong>and</strong> weed species as affected by rate, time of application, <strong>and</strong> flood<strong>in</strong>g. MS thesis,<br />

University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 56 p.<br />

Ahmed N U (1979) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems as affected by hydrology <strong>and</strong> weed<strong>in</strong>g regime<br />

with emphasis on dry-seeded <strong>rice</strong>. MS thesis, University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños,<br />

College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 241 p.<br />

Ahmed N U, Moody K (1980) Effect of method of seed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> weed control on weed growth<br />

<strong>and</strong> yield of two <strong>rice</strong> crops grown <strong>in</strong> sequence. Trop. Pest Manage. 26:303-308.<br />

Ahmed N U, Moody K (1982) Weed control <strong>in</strong> dry-seeded wetl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (Oryza sativa L.). Philipp.<br />

Agric. 65:1-15.<br />

Ahmed N U, Moody K (1982) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems as affected by l<strong>and</strong>scape position <strong>and</strong><br />

weed<strong>in</strong>g regime. I. Well-dra<strong>in</strong>ed upl<strong>and</strong>. Philipp. Agric. 65:35-44.<br />

Ahmed N U, Moody K (1982) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems as affected by l<strong>and</strong>scape position <strong>and</strong><br />

weed<strong>in</strong>g regime. II. L<strong>and</strong> with a very low pond<strong>in</strong>g potential. Philipp. Agric. 65:45-52.<br />

Ahmed N U, Moody K (1982) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems as affected by l<strong>and</strong>scape position <strong>and</strong><br />

weed<strong>in</strong>g regime. III. L<strong>and</strong> with a low pond<strong>in</strong>g potential. Philipp. Agric. 65:159-167.<br />

Ahmed N U, Moody K (1982) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems as affected by l<strong>and</strong>scape position <strong>and</strong><br />

weed<strong>in</strong>g regime. IV. L<strong>and</strong> with a high pond<strong>in</strong>g potential. Philipp. Agric. 65:169-175.<br />

Ahmed N U, Moody K (1982) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems as affected by l<strong>and</strong>scape position <strong>and</strong><br />

weed<strong>in</strong>g regime. V. Comparisons between the first <strong>rice</strong> crop grown <strong>in</strong> different fields, 1977<br />

wet season. Philipp. Agric. 65:367-375.<br />

Ahmed N U, Moody K (1982) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems as affected by l<strong>and</strong>scape position <strong>and</strong><br />

weed<strong>in</strong>g regime. VI. Comparisons between dry-seeded <strong>rice</strong> grown <strong>in</strong> fields with different<br />

pond<strong>in</strong>g potentials. Philipp. Agric. 65:377-384.<br />

Ahmed N U, Moody K (1982) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed <strong>rice</strong> cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems as affected by l<strong>and</strong>scape<br />

position. Pages 475-480 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the <strong>in</strong>ternational conference on plant protection<br />

<strong>in</strong> the tropics. K.I. Heong, B.S. Lee, T.M. Lim, C.H. Teoh, <strong>and</strong> Y. Ibrahim, eds., Malaysian<br />

Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

Akh<strong>and</strong>a A M (1966) Test of weed control techniques for upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. MS thesis, University of<br />

the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 102 p<br />

Antazo T A (1983) Agro-pesticide distribution <strong>and</strong> use <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>n countries (Philipp<strong>in</strong>es). Pages<br />

157-176 <strong>in</strong> Agro-pesticide distribution <strong>and</strong> use <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>n countries. <strong>Asia</strong>n Productivity Organization,<br />

Tokyo, Japan.<br />

Arceo L M, Mercado G L (1981) Improv<strong>in</strong>g crop safety of butachlor <strong>in</strong> wet-seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Philipp.<br />

J. Weed Sci. 8 : 19-24.<br />

Arceo L M, Negi N<br />

butachlor plus<br />

Pages 285-291<br />

S, Mercado G L, Thompson R P (1979) Field performance of butachlor <strong>and</strong><br />

2,4-D on lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> weeds <strong>in</strong> India <strong>and</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es from 1975 to 1978.<br />

<strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 7th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference.<br />

<strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Sydney, Australia.<br />

Basbas D M (1978) Chemical control of Scirpus maritimus L. <strong>in</strong> transplanted lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. BS<br />

thesis, University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 26 P.<br />

Bh<strong>and</strong>ari D C, Moody K (1983) Ecology <strong>and</strong> management of weed communities <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>-based<br />

cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems. Pages 220-221 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the national symposium on advance<br />

frontiers <strong>in</strong> plant science. H.C. Arya, N. Sankhla, M.N. Tewari, N.S. Sekhawat, <strong>and</strong> S.D.<br />

Purohit, eds., University of Jodhpur, India.<br />

Bua-ngam T, Mercado B L (1976) Competition of water lettuce (Pistia stratiores) with <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

commonly associated weed species. Philipp. Agric. 60:22-30.

PHILIPPINES 299<br />

Bueno A J, Cabanilla H C (1971) Different rates of CP53619 herbicide applied alone or <strong>in</strong><br />

comb<strong>in</strong>ation with 2,4-D (IPE) <strong>and</strong> propanil <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 51-57 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs<br />

of the 2d Annual Conference of the Pest Control Council of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pest Control<br />

Council of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Zamboanga City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Bueno A J, Cabanilla H C (1971) Study on the reaction of recommended <strong>rice</strong> varieties to early<br />

post- <strong>and</strong> pre-emergence herbicides. Down to Earth 27(3):8-11.<br />

Bueno A J, Cabanilla H C, Mir<strong>and</strong>a L C (1975) Pre-emergence <strong>and</strong> post-emergence herbicides<br />

for upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> direct-seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Philipp. Weed Sci. Bull. 2:40-44.<br />

Bueno A J, Supan R M (1970) Broadcast <strong>rice</strong> culture <strong>and</strong> tim<strong>in</strong>g of Tok-G herbicide for weed<br />

control. Pages 225-230 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st National Pest Control Conference of the<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, 5-8 May 1970, Central Philipp<strong>in</strong>e University, lloilo City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Bugayong R G (1973) The weed flora <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. NRCP Res. Bull. 28:6-15.<br />

Bugayong R G, Pancho J V (1971) Major aquatic weeds of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pages 15-20 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d Annual Conference of the Pest Control Council of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Pest Control Council of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Zamboanga City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Cabailo B C (1925) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> the <strong>rice</strong> field <strong>and</strong> their effect on the yield of gra<strong>in</strong>. Philipp. Agric.<br />

14:359-372.<br />

Cadag R T, Mercado B L (1980) Evaluation of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages<br />

29-32 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1979-80. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College,<br />

Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Cadag R T, Mercado B L (1980) Evaluation of mol<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>and</strong> R-coded herbicides for weed control<br />

<strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 18-21 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1979-80. University of the<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Cadag R T, Mercado B L (1980) Evaluation of mol<strong>in</strong>ate/R-29511 <strong>and</strong> R-56575 herbicides for<br />

weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 22-24 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1979-80. University<br />

of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Cadag R T, Mercado B L (1980) Evaluation of RH2915 (Goal) for weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Pages 25-28 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1979-80. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los<br />

Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Cadag R T, Mercado B L (1981) Evaluation of bifenox for weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pages 25-27 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1980-81. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños,<br />

College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Cadag R T, Mercado B L (1981) Evaluation of butachlor formulation for weed control <strong>in</strong> directseeded<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Pages 28-31 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1980-81. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at<br />

Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Cadag R T, Mercado B L (1981) Evaluation of butachlor mixtures for improved broadleaf weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 32-35 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1980-81. University of the<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Cadag R T. Mercado B L (1981) Evaluation of different Goal (oxyfluorfen) formulations for weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 36-38 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1980-81. University of the<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Cadag R T, Mercado B L (1983) Proper tim<strong>in</strong>g of butachlor application <strong>in</strong> wet-seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Paper<br />

presented at the 14th Annual Conference of the Pest Control Council of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, 5-8<br />

May 1983, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Calderon J I, Hare C J, Palis F V, Burhan H, Bh<strong>and</strong>hufalck A, Chong W C (1987) Setoff - a new<br />

<strong>rice</strong> herbicide for S.E. <strong>Asia</strong>. Pages 73-79 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11 th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Carbonell P U, Moody K (1983) Weed control practices <strong>in</strong> irrigated <strong>and</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed <strong>rice</strong> farms <strong>in</strong><br />

Nueva Ecija, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Philipp. Agric. 66:458-469.<br />

Cast<strong>in</strong> E M, Janiya J D, Pablico P P, Moody K (1983) Effect of tillage on upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> weed<br />

control. Pages 327-348 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 9th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society<br />

Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.

300 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Cast<strong>in</strong> E M, Moody K (1985) Weed control <strong>in</strong> dry-seeded wetl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> as affected by time <strong>and</strong><br />

method of tillage. Pages 645-661 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 10th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Chiangmai, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Cast<strong>in</strong> E M, Moody K (1987) Butachlor performance as affected by water overflow<strong>in</strong>g from a<br />

herbicide-treated field. Crop Prot. 6:197-199.<br />

Castroverde Y L (1978) Effects of the different tillage techniques on the efficiency of weed<br />

control <strong>and</strong> nitrogen uptake <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. MS thesis, University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at<br />

Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 83 p.<br />

Celario F P (1975) Screen<strong>in</strong>g of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> direct seeded C-12 <strong>rice</strong> variety.<br />

BS thesis, Central Luzon State University, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 27 p.<br />

Cia B S (1986) Agronomic characteristics <strong>and</strong> cultural practices for broadcast-seeded flooded<br />

<strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> tropical <strong>Asia</strong>. MS thesis, University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 151 p.<br />

Clarete C L, Mabbayad B B (1978) Effects of fertilization, row spac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> weed control on the<br />

yield of upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Philipp. J. Crop Sci. 3:200-202.<br />

Cruz E D, Moody K, De Ramos M B (1986) Reduc<strong>in</strong>g variability <strong>in</strong> sampl<strong>in</strong>g weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

(Oryza sativa). Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 13:56-67.<br />

Cruz R T, O’Toole J C, Moody K (1983) Leaf water potential of weeds <strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (Oryza sativa).<br />

Weed Sci. 31:410-414.<br />

Custodio H A, Pablo S J, Olivares Jr F, Cortado R.V, Bergonia H T, Bueno A, Cornelio D (1981)<br />

Critical review of pests, diseases <strong>and</strong> weed complexes <strong>in</strong> high yield<strong>in</strong>g varieties under <strong>in</strong>ten-<br />

sified agricultural practices <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pages 52-72 <strong>in</strong> Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture<br />

Organization. A review of pest, disease <strong>and</strong> weed complexes <strong>in</strong> high yield<strong>in</strong>g varieties <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> Pacific. RAPA 45. FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

De Datta S K (1972) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. World Farm<strong>in</strong>g 14(12):22-27.<br />

De Datta S K (1972) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> tropical <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>. PANS 18:433-440.<br />

De Datta S K (1973) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. World Farm<strong>in</strong>g 15(2):9-12,15.<br />

De Datta S K (1974) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>: present status <strong>and</strong> future challenge. Philipp. Weed<br />

Sci. Bull. 1(1):1-16.<br />

De Datta S K (1977) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>: methods <strong>and</strong> trends. Philipp. Weed<br />

Sci. Bull. 4:39-63.<br />

De Datta S K (1978) Weed control <strong>and</strong> soil <strong>and</strong> crop management <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed <strong>rice</strong> at IRRI <strong>and</strong><br />

other locations <strong>in</strong> tropical <strong>Asia</strong>. Pages 201-211 <strong>in</strong> Rice <strong>in</strong> Africa. I.W. Buddenhagen <strong>and</strong> G.J.<br />

Persley, eds., Academic Press, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

De Datta S K (1979) Weed problems <strong>and</strong> methods of control <strong>in</strong> tropical <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 9-44 <strong>in</strong><br />

Weed control <strong>in</strong> tropical crops. K. Moody, ed., Weed Science Society of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es<br />

College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

De Datta S K, Bantilan R T, Park J K (1969) Selective control of annual grassy weeds <strong>in</strong><br />

transplanted tropical <strong>rice</strong> with -2,2,2-trichloroethyI styrene. Nature 221 (5175):64-65.<br />

De Datta S K, Bernasor P C (1970) Selectivity of some new herbicides for direct-seeded flooded<br />

<strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the tropics. Pages 242-248 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st National Pest Control<br />

Conference of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, 5-8 May 1970, Central Philipp<strong>in</strong>e University, lloilo City,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

De Dana S K, Bernasor P C (1971) Selectivity of some new herbicides for direct-seeded flooded<br />

<strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the tropics. Weed Res. 11:41-46.<br />

De Datta S K, Bernasor P C (1973) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> broadcast-seeded flooded tropical<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Weed Res. 13:351-354.<br />

De Datta S K, Bernasor P C (1981) Integrated control of perennial weed Scirpus maritimus L. <strong>in</strong><br />

wetl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 219-229 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 9th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society<br />

Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Bangalore, India.<br />

De Datta S K, Bernasor P C, Lacs<strong>in</strong>a R Q (1973) Weed control <strong>in</strong> flooded <strong>and</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the<br />

tropics. Paper presented at a Sem<strong>in</strong>ar on Plant Protection for the Rice Crop, 21-29 May<br />

1973, West Africa Rice Development Association, Monrovia, Liberia.

PHILIPPINES 301<br />

De Datta S K, Bernasor P C, Malabuyoc J A (1973) Varietal performance <strong>in</strong> <strong>and</strong> cultu:al<br />

practices for upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the International Rice Research Conference,<br />

23-27 Apr 1973, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

De Datta S K, Bolton F R, L<strong>in</strong> W L (1979) Prospects for us<strong>in</strong>g m<strong>in</strong>imum <strong>and</strong> zero tillage <strong>in</strong><br />

tropical lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Weed Res. 119:9-15.<br />

De Datta S K, Jereza H C (1976) The use of cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems,<strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> water management<br />

to shift weed species. Philipp. J. Crop Sci. 1:173-178.<br />

De Datta S K, Lacs<strong>in</strong>a R Q (1969) Promis<strong>in</strong>g new herbicides for transplanted tropical <strong>rice</strong>. Pages<br />

112-128 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

De Datta S K, Park J K, Hawes J E (1968) Granular herbicides for controll<strong>in</strong>g grasses <strong>and</strong> other<br />

weeds <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 16-25 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Philipp<strong>in</strong>e Weed Science<br />

Conference. Weed Science Society of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Makati, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Del Rosario R, Santos J V, Zamora P M (1971) Bryophytes <strong>and</strong> ferns. Pages 458-487 <strong>in</strong> Plants of<br />

the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Science Education Center, University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es Press, Quezon City,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Devasundrarajah N (1971) L<strong>and</strong> preparation <strong>and</strong> water management requirements for<br />

broadcast-seeded flooded <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa ). MS thesis, Cornell University, New York,<br />

USA. 107 p.<br />

Diop A M (1982) Weed control <strong>in</strong> broadcast-seeded wetl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.). MS thesis,<br />

University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 94 p.<br />

Dom<strong>in</strong>go I S, Palis G T (1966) Chemical weed control experiment <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> at the La Granja<br />

Experiment Station. Philipp. J. Plant Ind. 31:145-156.<br />

Dom<strong>in</strong>go I S, Palis G T (1967) Chemical control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>: The effects of s<strong>in</strong>gle <strong>and</strong> split<br />

applications of herbicides. Philipp. J. Plant Ind. 32:133-145.<br />

Drost D C (1982) Weed ecology <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed <strong>rice</strong> cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems. Ph D thesis,<br />

University of Wiscons<strong>in</strong>, Madison, Wiscons<strong>in</strong>, USA. 256 p.<br />

Drost D C, Moody K (1982) Effect of butachlor on Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa glabrescens <strong>in</strong> wet-seeded <strong>rice</strong><br />

( Orzva sativa ). Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 9:57-64.<br />

Elliot P C, Moody K (1987) Determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g suitable weed control practices for upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza<br />

sativa ) <strong>in</strong> Claveria, Misamis Oriental. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 1452-61.<br />

Elliot P C, Navarez D C, EstaAo D B, Moody K (1984) Determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g suitable weed control<br />

practices for dry-seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 11:70-82.<br />

Elliot P C, Navarez D C, Fajardo F F, Moody K (1985) Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary evaluation of weed control<br />

practices <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa ) <strong>in</strong> Guimba, Nueva Ecija. Philipp. J. Weed Sci.<br />

12: 5687.<br />

Estorn<strong>in</strong>os L E Jr, Moody K (1982) Farmers’ weed control practices <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed wetl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

( Oryza sativa ) grow<strong>in</strong>g areas <strong>in</strong> Iloilo, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 9:18-28.<br />

Estorn<strong>in</strong>os L E Jr, Moody K (1983) The effect of plant spac<strong>in</strong>g on weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted<br />

<strong>rice</strong> ( Orva sativa ). Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 10:77-89.<br />

Estorn<strong>in</strong>os L E Jr, Navarez D C, Moody K (1982) Farmers’ concepts about weeds <strong>and</strong> weed<br />

control practices <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed areas <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pages 507-518 <strong>in</strong> Report of a workshop<br />

on cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems research <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>. International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933,<br />

Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Fajardo F F, Moody K (1987) Effect of l<strong>and</strong> preparation on control of Paspalurn distichurn. Int.<br />

Rice Res. Newsl. 12(4):50.<br />

Floresca E T, Calora F 6, Obien S R (1970) Performance of pendirnethal<strong>in</strong> under different water<br />

management levels <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryz a sativa L. ). Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 6:31-40.<br />

Furoc R E, Javier E Q (1975) Integration of fodder production with <strong>in</strong>tensive cropp<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. I. Grass production from irrigated lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> field. 11. Herbage weeds dur<strong>in</strong>g juvenile<br />

stage of the <strong>rice</strong> crop. Philipp. J. Crop Sci. 1 :I 46-1 48.<br />

Glass E H, Smith R J Jr, Thomason I J, Thurston H D (1972) Plant protection problems <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 66 p.<br />

Grist D H (1965) Rice. 4th ed. Longmans, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 548 p.

302 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Harwood R R, Bantilan R T (1974) Integrated weed management. 2. Shifts <strong>in</strong> composition of the<br />

weed community on <strong>in</strong>tensive cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems. Philipp. Weed Sci. Bull. 1 (2):37-59.<br />

He<strong>in</strong>richs E A, Palis F V, Moody K, Aqu<strong>in</strong>o G B (1987) The effects of tim<strong>in</strong>g of butachlor<br />

application on the economics of direct seeded <strong>rice</strong> production. J. Plant Prot. Trop. 4:95-<br />

100.<br />

Herrera W A T, Bantilan R T, T<strong>in</strong>sley R L, Harwood R R, Z<strong>and</strong>stra H G (1976) An evaluation of<br />

alternative cropp<strong>in</strong>g patterns on a ra<strong>in</strong>fed lowl<strong>and</strong> area <strong>in</strong> Pangas<strong>in</strong>an. Paper presented at a<br />

Saturday Sem<strong>in</strong>ar, 8 May 1976, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Holm L G, Herberger J (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> of tropical crops. Pages 1132-1149 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

10th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world’s worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Hoopper J (1974) Maximis<strong>in</strong>g gra<strong>in</strong> production through direct seed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the ra<strong>in</strong>fed lowl<strong>and</strong><br />

areas of Central Luzon. Paper presented at a Saturday Sem<strong>in</strong>ar, 11 May 1974, International<br />

Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Hoque M M, Olvida J L (1986) Rodent activity <strong>and</strong> damage <strong>in</strong> clean <strong>and</strong> weedy cropfields.<br />

Philipp. Agric. 69:329-340.<br />

Hou F F (1983) Effects of plant growth regulators <strong>and</strong> herbicides on weed community<br />

compositions, sprout<strong>in</strong>g, development <strong>and</strong> gra<strong>in</strong> yield of ma<strong>in</strong> <strong>and</strong> ratoon <strong>rice</strong>. MS thesis,<br />

University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 173 p.<br />

Imperial E M (1980) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> direct-seeded <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.) grown under<br />

flooded conditions. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 7:70-75.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1967) Annual report for 1966. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 302 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1968) Annual report for 1967. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 308 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1969) Annual report for 1968. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 402 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1971) Annual report for 1970. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 265 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1973) Annual report for 1972. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 266 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1974) Annual report for 1973. P.O. BOX 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 266 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1975) Annual report for 1974. P.O. BOX 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 384 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1976) Annual report for 1975. P.O. BOX 933, Manila.<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 479 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1977) Annual report for 1976. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 418 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1978) Annual report for 1977. P.O. BOX 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 548 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1979) Annual report for 1978. P.O. BOX 933. Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 478 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1980) Annual report for 1979. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 538 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1981) Annual report for 1980. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 467 p.

PHILIPPINES 303<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1983) Annual report for 1981. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 585 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1983) Annual report for 1982. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 532 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1984) Annual report for 1983. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 494 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1985) Annual report for 1984. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 504 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1986) Annual report for 1985. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 555 p.<br />

International Rice Research Institute (1987) Annual report for 1986. P.O. Box 933, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 639 p.<br />

Janiya J D, Moody K (1981) Weed suppression <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> with Azolla p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br. Int.<br />

Pest Contr. 23(5):136-137.<br />

Janiya J D, Moody K (1982) Weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa ) grown under<br />

different moisture regimes. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 9:29-35.<br />

Janiya J D, Moody K (1983) Degree of tillage <strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza<br />

sativa ). Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 10:56-64.<br />

Janiya J D, Moody K (1983) Weed growth <strong>and</strong> yield of two <strong>rice</strong> crops grown <strong>in</strong> sequence <strong>in</strong><br />

three ra<strong>in</strong>fed locations <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Philipp. Agric. 66:90-101.<br />

Janiya J D, Moody K (1984) Effect of irrigation levels <strong>and</strong> method of weed control on yield of<br />

upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 26-43 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Tropical Weed Science Conference. Vol.<br />

1. Weed Science Society of Thail<strong>and</strong>, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Janiya J D, Moody K (1984) Use of azolla to suppress weeds <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Trop. Pest<br />

Manage. 30:1-6.<br />

Janiya J D, Moody K (1987) Azolla: friend or foe? Pages 29-38 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei,<br />

Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Janiya J D, Moody K (1987) Effect of cont<strong>in</strong>uous herbicide application on weed growth <strong>and</strong><br />

yield of transplanted <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa ) Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 14:62-69.<br />

Jereza H C, De Dana S K (1976) The use of cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> water management<br />

to shift weed species. Philipp. J. Crop. Sci. 1:173-178.<br />

Juliano J B (1931) Morphological study of the flower of Monochoria vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl.<br />

Philipp. Agric. 20:177-186.<br />

Kim S C, Moody K (1980) Effect of a mixture of two <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars on the<br />

competitive ability of <strong>rice</strong> aga<strong>in</strong>st weeds <strong>and</strong> on <strong>rice</strong> gra<strong>in</strong> yield. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 7:12-<br />

25.<br />

Kim S C, Moody K (1980) Effect of plant spac<strong>in</strong>g on the competitive ability of <strong>rice</strong> grow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />

association with various weed communities at different nitrogen levels. J. Korean Soc. Crop<br />

Sci. 25(4):17-27.<br />

Kim S C, Moody K (1980) Reduced plant spac<strong>in</strong>g for weed suppression <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pages 383-388 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1980 British Crop Protection Conference - <strong>Weeds</strong>.<br />

British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Kim S C, Moody K (1980) Study on the residual effect of plant spac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> weed<strong>in</strong>g treatment<br />

on the weed flora. Res. Rep. Off. Rural Dev. (Suweon, Korea) 22:76-81.<br />

Kim S C, Moody K (1980) Types of weed community <strong>in</strong> transplanted lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

relationship between yield <strong>and</strong> weed weight <strong>in</strong> weed communities. J. Korean Soc. Crop Sci.<br />

25(3):1-8.<br />

Kim S C, Moody K (1982) Effect of seedl<strong>in</strong>g number per hill <strong>and</strong> seedl<strong>in</strong>g age on the competitive<br />

ability of <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.) grown at different plant spac<strong>in</strong>gs. Philipp. Agric. 65:177-194.<br />

Kim S C, Moody K (1983) Effect of tillage <strong>and</strong> plant density on weed population <strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> growth.<br />

Philipp. Agric. 66:311-323.<br />

Lacs<strong>in</strong>a R Q (1980) Cultural practices for reduced tillage systems under <strong>in</strong>tensive cropp<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />

the tropics. Ph D thesis, Iowa State University, Ames. Iowa, USA. 170 p.

304 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Lacs<strong>in</strong>a R Q, Bernasor P C (1971) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at a Saturday Sem<strong>in</strong>ar,<br />

8 May 1971, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lacs<strong>in</strong>a R Q, De Datta S K (1973) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> flooded <strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the<br />

International Rice Research Conference, 23-27 Apr 1973, International Rice Research<br />

Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lacs<strong>in</strong>a R Q, De Datta S K (1975) Integrated weed management practices for controll<strong>in</strong>g a<br />

difficult weed <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Philipp. Weed Sci. Bull. 2:1-10.<br />

Langeluddeke P, Salbeck G, Bier<strong>in</strong>ger H, Kassebeer H, Unglaub H (1981) HOE 30374: a new<br />

herbicide for transplanted paddy. Pages 449-454 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 8th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Bangalore, India.<br />

Leal D S (1975) Screen<strong>in</strong>g of new herbicides for the control of nutsedge ( Cyperus rotundus L.)<br />

<strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. MS thesis, University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 148 p.<br />

L<strong>in</strong> W L (1976) Weed control with m<strong>in</strong>imum <strong>and</strong> zero tillage <strong>in</strong> flooded <strong>rice</strong>. MS thesis, University<br />

of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 89 p.<br />

Llagas M A, Mercado B L, De Datta S K (1985) Reduced volume application of 2,4-D us<strong>in</strong>g<br />

controlled drop applicators <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa ). Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 12:28-43.<br />

Lopez L M, De Datta S K, Mabbayad B B (1980) Integrated weed control methods <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

( Oryza sativa L.). Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 7:45-56.<br />

Lubigan R T (1972) Advance evaluation of amiben <strong>and</strong> amiben + 2,4-D for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 102-104 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1971-72. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es<br />

at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T (1972) Screen<strong>in</strong>g of A-820 + 2,4-D EE for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 95-<br />

98 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1971-72. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College,<br />

Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T, Mercado B L (1973) Comparison of granular <strong>and</strong> emulsifiable concentrate<br />

formulations of C-288 <strong>and</strong> c-19490 for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 13-14 <strong>in</strong> Weed<br />

science report 1972-73. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T, Mercado B L (1973) Evaluation of C-288 <strong>and</strong> C-19490 for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Pages 11-12 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1972-73. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los<br />

Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T, Mercado B L (1973) Screen<strong>in</strong>g of new herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pages 9-10 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1972-73. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños,<br />

College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T, Mercado B L (1974) Evaluation of AC-92553 + 2,4-D for weed control <strong>in</strong> irrigated<br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 13-14 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1973-74. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es<br />

at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T, Mercado B L (1974) Evaluation of C-288 <strong>and</strong> c-19490 for weed control <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed<br />

lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 6-7 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1973-74. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los<br />

Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T, Mercado B L (1974) Screen<strong>in</strong>g of new herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pages 8-10 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1973-74. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños,<br />

College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T, Mercado B L (1977) Biology <strong>and</strong> control of Paspalum distichum L. I. Survey of P.<br />

distichum <strong>in</strong>festation. Pages 7-15 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1976-77. University of the<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T, Mercado B L (1977) Chemical control of Scirpus maritimus <strong>and</strong> mixed S.<br />

maritimus-Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa crusgalli populations <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Philipp. Agric.<br />

60:280-284.<br />

Lubigan R T, Moody K (1982) Herbicide comb<strong>in</strong>ations for weed control <strong>in</strong> dry-seeded wetl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pages 511-518 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the <strong>in</strong>ternational conference on<br />

plant protection <strong>in</strong> the tropics. K.L. Heong, B.S. Lee, T.M. Lim, C.H. Teoh, <strong>and</strong> Y. Ibrahim,<br />

eds., Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

PHILIPPINES 305<br />

Lubigan R T, Moody K (1987) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> shift<strong>in</strong>g cultivation <strong>in</strong> Quezon Prov<strong>in</strong>ce, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Int.<br />

Rice Res. Newsl. 12(1):24.<br />

Lubigan R T, Sierra W N, Mercado B L (1974) Screen<strong>in</strong>g herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

broadcast-seeded upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 15-17 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1973-74. University of<br />

the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College. Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T, Sierra W N, Mercado B L (1974). Screen<strong>in</strong>g herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

broadcast-seeded upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (wet season 1973). Pages 18-19 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report<br />

1973-74. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Lubigan R T, Vega.M R (1971) The effect on yield of the competition of <strong>rice</strong> with Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

crusgalli (L.) Beauv. <strong>and</strong> Monochoria vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl. Philipp. Agric. 55:210-215.<br />

Lucero C F (1953) Tests of herbicides for the control of weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Philipp.<br />

Agric. 37:99-110.<br />

Mabbayad B B (1967) Tillage techniques <strong>and</strong> plant<strong>in</strong>g methods for lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. MS thesis,<br />

University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es College of Agriculture, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mabbayad M O, Moody K (1984) Effect of time of herbicide application on crop damage <strong>and</strong><br />

weed control <strong>in</strong> wet-seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 9(3):22.<br />

Mabbayad M O, Moody K (1985) Improv<strong>in</strong>g butachlor selectivity <strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> wet-<br />

seeded <strong>rice</strong>. J. Plant Prot. Trop. 2:117-124.<br />

Mabbayad M O, Pablico P P, Moody K (1983) The effect of time <strong>and</strong> method of l<strong>and</strong> preparation<br />

on weed populations <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 357-368 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 9th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Madrid M T Jr, Punzalan F L, Lubigan R T (1972) Some common weeds <strong>and</strong> their control. Weed<br />

Science Society of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 62 p.<br />

Manipon E F, Ruscoe A W, Moody K (1981) Yield of dry-seeded <strong>rice</strong> (Oryza sativa L.) as<br />

<strong>in</strong>fluenced by cultivar <strong>and</strong> weed control treatment. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 8:30-40.<br />

Manipon E F, Ruscoe A W, Moody K (1 983) Yield of wet-seeded <strong>rice</strong> (Oryza sativa) as <strong>in</strong>fluenced<br />

by cultivar <strong>and</strong> method of weed control. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 10:3-12.<br />

Manuel J S, Mercado B L, Lubigan R T (1979) Approaches to the control of Paspalum distichum<br />

L. <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Philipp. Agric. 62:255-261.<br />

Mendoza D, Santos J V (1971) Common weeds <strong>and</strong> their distribution. Pages 181-240 <strong>in</strong> Plants<br />

of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Science Education Center, University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es Press, Quezon<br />

City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L (1975) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pages 234-237 <strong>in</strong> Reviews on<br />

pest, disease <strong>and</strong> weed problems <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed crops <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Far East. RAFE 23. D.B.<br />

Reddy, ed., FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Mercado B L (1976) Weed control problems <strong>in</strong> the <strong>rice</strong>-based multiple cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems. Paper<br />

presented at the 7th Annual Conference of the Pest Control Council of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, 5-7<br />

May 1976, Cagayan de Oro City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L (1980) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> herbicide use <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 20-26 <strong>in</strong> Developments <strong>in</strong> pest<br />

management <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pest Control Council of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Lubigan R T (1975) Evaluation of EPTC <strong>and</strong> mol<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>in</strong> comb<strong>in</strong>ation with 2,4-D for<br />

the control of weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 11-13 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1974-75.<br />

University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Lubigan R T (1975) Evaluation of herbicides for the control of mixed populations<br />

of annual weeds <strong>and</strong> Scirpus maritimus <strong>in</strong> irrigated lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 14-17 <strong>in</strong> Weed<br />

science report 1974-75. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Lubigan R T (1975) Evaluation of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pages 25-27 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1974-75. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños,<br />

College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Lubigan R T (1975) Evaluation of RH-2915 for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages<br />

8-10 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1974-75. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College,<br />

Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.

306 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Mercado B L, Lubigan R T (1976) Evaluation of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> direct-seeded<br />

ra<strong>in</strong>fed lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (wet season, 1975). Pages 18-19 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1975-76.<br />

University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Lubigan R T (1976) Screen<strong>in</strong>g of mol<strong>in</strong>ate, mol<strong>in</strong>ate-dicamba comb<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong><br />

FMC-23486 for weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 16-17 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report<br />

1975-76. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Madrid M T Jr, Talatala R L (1974) Chemical control of some important aquatic<br />

weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Paper presented at the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic<br />

<strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Mercado B L, Mercado L R, Manitim M B (1977) Weed control <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed direct-seeded lowl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Pages 34-36 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1976-77. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los<br />

Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Razon J L (1978) Comparative performance of different formulation of butachlor<br />

<strong>and</strong> its comb<strong>in</strong>ations <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 21-25 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1977-78.<br />

University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Razon J L (1978) Evaluation of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> direct-seeded <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pages 16-17 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1977-78. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños,<br />

College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Razon J L (1978) Evaluation of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (wet<br />

season, 1977). Pages 14-15 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1977-78. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at<br />

Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Razon J L (1978) Evaluation of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted<br />

lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 18-20 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1977-78. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at<br />

Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Razon J L (1978) Evaluation of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages<br />

11-13 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1977-78. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College,<br />

Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Razon J L (1979) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 16-20 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1978-<br />

79. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado B L, Razon J L (1979) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 21-28 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1978-<br />

79. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mercado G L, Arceo L,M (1980) Cost of effective weed control with butachlor <strong>in</strong> transplanted<br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 7:40-44.<br />

Merrill E D (1912) A flora of Manila. Bureau of Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Merrill E D (1923-1926) An enumeration of Philipp<strong>in</strong>e flower<strong>in</strong>g plants. Vol. 1-4. Bureau of<br />

Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Michael P W (1981) Notes on Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 5:16-18.<br />

Michael P W (1983) Taxonomy <strong>and</strong> distribution of Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa species with special reference to<br />

their occurrence as weeds of <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 291-306 <strong>in</strong> Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Migo T R (1976) Comparison of physical <strong>and</strong> chemical weed control methods <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. BS<br />

thesis, University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 17<br />

P.<br />

Migo T R, De Datta S K (1984) Chemical control of Rottboellia exaltata <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza<br />

sativa). Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 11:83-93.<br />

Moody K (1982) Weed control <strong>in</strong> dry-seeded <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 161-178 <strong>in</strong> Report of a workshop on<br />

cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems research <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>. International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933,<br />

Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Moody K (1983) Classification of some common weeds <strong>in</strong> wetl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.) <strong>and</strong><br />

dryl<strong>and</strong> crops <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pages 87-101 <strong>in</strong> Weed management <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

PLITS 1 (1). H. Walter, ed., Institute für Pflanzenprodukion <strong>in</strong> den Tropen und Subtropen,<br />

Universität Hohenheim, Federal Republic of Germany.

PHILIPPINES 307<br />

Moody K (1 983) Some common weeds of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pages 102-127 <strong>in</strong> Weed management<br />

<strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. PLITS 1(1). H. Walter, ed., Institute für Pflanzenproduktion <strong>in</strong> den Tropen<br />

und Subtropen. Universität Hohenheim. Federal Republic of Germany.<br />

Moody K (1983) <strong>Weeds</strong>: def<strong>in</strong>itions, costs, characteristics, classification <strong>and</strong> effects. Pages 11-<br />

32 <strong>in</strong> Weed management <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. PLITS 1(1). H. Walter, ed., Institute für<br />

Pflanzenproduktion <strong>in</strong> den Tropen und Subtropen, Universität Hohenheim, Federal<br />

Republic of Germany.<br />

Moody K (1983) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pages 81-86 <strong>in</strong> Weed management <strong>in</strong><br />

the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. PLITS 1(1). H. Walter, ed., Institute für Pflanzenproduktion <strong>in</strong> den Tropen<br />

und Subtropen, Universität Hohenheim, Federal Republic of Germany.<br />

Moody K (1984) Rice ( Oryza sativa ) weeds <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es: a literature review. Philipp. J.<br />

Weed Sci. 11:1 -37.<br />

Moody K, Descalsota J P, Gonzales P C, Cacnio V N (1985) Salv<strong>in</strong>ia molesta found <strong>in</strong> Philipp<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>rice</strong> fields. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 10(5):25-26.<br />

Moody K, Elliot P C (1984) The use of <strong>rice</strong>-field weeds for animal feed. Pages 52-64 <strong>in</strong> Report of<br />

the crop-livestock systems research monitor<strong>in</strong>g tour, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es <strong>and</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. International<br />

Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Moomaw J C, Kim D S (1968) Selectivity of 2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyrid<strong>in</strong>ol as a herbicide for direct-<br />

seeded flooded <strong>rice</strong>. Weed Res. 8:163-169.<br />

Munroe C E, Samiano A R, O'Brien D T, dela Tr<strong>in</strong>idad E C (1981) Evaluation of traditional <strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong>tegrated weed control approaches <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pages 113-116 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 8th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society, Bangalore, India.<br />

Nakagawa K (1972) Weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control research <strong>in</strong> the <strong>south</strong>-east<br />

<strong>Asia</strong> [<strong>in</strong> Japanese]. Weed Res. Jpn. 13:6-14.<br />

Navarez D C. Cast<strong>in</strong> E M, Moody K (1987) Effect of frequent cultivation on Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis density. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 12(4):45-46.<br />

Navarez D C, Chavez R C, Moody K (1983) Weed<strong>in</strong>g regimes <strong>in</strong> an upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>-mungbean<br />

cropp<strong>in</strong>g system. Pages 291-304 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 9th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Navarez D C, Estaño D B, Moody K (1981) Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary evaluation of farmers' weed control<br />

practices <strong>in</strong> Cagayan, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 8:49-55.<br />

Navarez D C, Estaño D B, Moody K (1983) Farmers' weed control practices <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>-grow<strong>in</strong>g<br />

areas <strong>in</strong> the Cagayan Valley. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 10:13-20.<br />

Navarez D C. Moody K (1979) Farmers' weed control practices <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> grow<strong>in</strong>g<br />

areas <strong>in</strong> Manaoag, Pangas<strong>in</strong>an, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 6:55-68.<br />

Navarez D C, Roa L L, Moody K (1979) Weed control <strong>in</strong> wet-seeded <strong>rice</strong> grown under different<br />

moisture regimes. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 6:23-31.<br />

Novero V P (1968) M<strong>in</strong>imum tillage <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> Pages 10-15 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Philipp<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Weed Science Conference. Weed Science Society of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Makati, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Okafor L I (1979) Chemical control of annual weeds <strong>and</strong> Cyperus rotundus L. <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Philipp. J Weed Sci. 6.1-9<br />

Okafor L I, De Dana S K (1974) Competition between weeds <strong>and</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> monsoon <strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

Philipp. Weed Sci. Bull. 1(1):39-45.<br />

Okafor L I, De Datta S K (1976) Chemical control of perennial nutsedge ( Cyperus rotundus L.) <strong>in</strong><br />

tropical upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Weed Res. 16:1-5.<br />

Olof<strong>in</strong>toye J A, Mabbayad B B (1980) Weed growth, establishment <strong>and</strong> yield of upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

variety under three tillage systems <strong>and</strong> four seed<strong>in</strong>g rates. Philipp Agric 63:345-352.<br />

Pablico P P, Estorn<strong>in</strong>os L E Jr. Moody K (1982) Effect of time of herbicide application on<br />

seedl<strong>in</strong>g damage, weed control <strong>and</strong> yield of dry-seeded <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa ). Philipp. J. Weed<br />

Sci. 9:65-71.<br />

Pablico P P, Moody K (1982) Possibility of us<strong>in</strong>g reduced tillage for establishment of a second<br />

transplanted <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa ) crop. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 9:11-17.

308 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Pablico P P, Moody K (1983) Effect of different cropp<strong>in</strong>g patterns <strong>and</strong> weed<strong>in</strong>g treatments on<br />

weed populations <strong>and</strong> crop yields. Philipp. Agric. 66:448-457.<br />

Pablico P P, Moody K (1983) Stale-seedbed technique for weed control <strong>in</strong> dryl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza<br />

sativa). Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 10:31-37.<br />

Pablico P P, Moody K (1984) Effect of different cropp<strong>in</strong>g patterns <strong>and</strong> weed<strong>in</strong>g treatments <strong>and</strong><br />

their residual effects on weed populations <strong>and</strong> crop yield. Philipp. Agric. 67:70-81.<br />

Pablico P P, Moody K (1985) A survey of lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa) weeds <strong>in</strong> central <strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>ern Luzon, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 12:44-55,68.<br />

Pablico P P, Moody K (1986) A dry season lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa) weed survey <strong>in</strong> central<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>south</strong>ern Luzon, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 13:39-49.<br />

Pablico P P, Moody K (1986) Lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> field weeds <strong>in</strong> Nueva Ecija, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Int. Rice Res.<br />

Newsl. 11 (2):29.<br />

Pablico P P, Moody K (1987) A survey of weeds <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>and</strong> wet-seeded <strong>rice</strong> under<br />

ra<strong>in</strong>fed <strong>and</strong> irrigated conditions. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 12(1):23.<br />

Paller E C Jr, Lubigan R T, Vega M R (1971) Evaluation of phenoxy-propanil treatments for the<br />

control of Scirpus maritimus L. <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Philipp. Agric. 55:225-231.<br />

Paller E C, Vega M R (1971) Screen<strong>in</strong>g of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 74-<br />

77 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1970-71. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College,<br />

Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Pamplona P P, Evangelista C C (1981) Comparative evaluation of anilofos plus 2,4-D, butachlor<br />

plus 2,4-D <strong>and</strong> butachlor for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the 13th<br />

Annual Conference of the Pest Control Council of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, 5-7 May 1981, Baguio<br />

City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Pamplona P P, Evangelista C C (1981) Comparative evaluation of Aros<strong>in</strong>, Rogue <strong>and</strong> butachlor<br />

for weed control <strong>in</strong> transplanted dapog <strong>and</strong> wetbed raised <strong>rice</strong> field. SMARC Monitor<br />

2(4):18.<br />

Pancho J V (1964) Seed sizes <strong>and</strong> production capacities of common weed species <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields<br />

of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Philipp. Agric. 48:307-316.<br />

Pancho J V (1969) Pr<strong>in</strong>cipal noxious weeds of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Pages 15-17 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />

the 2d <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Los<br />

Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Pancho J V (1971) A prelim<strong>in</strong>ary checklist of important weeds <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Paper<br />

presented at the 2d Annual Conference of the Pest Control Council of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, 3-5<br />

May 1971, Zamboanga City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972, Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V (1974) Summary of aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Paper presented at the<br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V (1976) Philipp<strong>in</strong>e aquatic weeds. Philipp. J. Biol. 5: 37-91.<br />

Pancho J V (1983) Vascular flora of Mount Makil<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> vic<strong>in</strong>ity (Luzon, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es). Part 1.<br />

Kalikasan, Philipp. J. Biol. (Suppl.) 1. 476 p.<br />

Pancho J V, Bardenas E A, Cap<strong>in</strong>p<strong>in</strong> J M (1961) Vegetative characters as an aid to the<br />

identification of common weed seedl<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Philipp. Agric. 45:73-87.<br />

Pancho J V, Guantes M M (1962) Seed identification of common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields.<br />

Philipp. Agric. 46:481-513.<br />

Pancho J V, Guantes M M, Santos F I (1963) Identification of common forage <strong>and</strong> pasture<br />

grasses by their vegetative characters. Philipp. Agric. 46:733-757.<br />

Pancho J V, Paller E C (1967) Identification of Cyperus spp. <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields based on<br />

achene characters. Philipp. Agric. 50:894-906.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Pancho J V, Vega M R, Plucknett D L (1969) Some common weeds of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Weed<br />

Science Society of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 106 p.

PHILIPPINES 309<br />

Paroh<strong>in</strong>g D A, Reyes P L (1976) Effect of Agroxone 4 when applied at different times on weeds,<br />

tiller production <strong>and</strong> yield of directly seeded <strong>and</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>, variety IR 26. Araneta<br />

Res. J. 23:l-37.<br />

Perret Y, Simmonds M (1977) Oxadiazon weed control, crop tolerance <strong>and</strong> yield results of field<br />

trials conducted <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es on some <strong>rice</strong> crops. Pages 322-329 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />

the 6th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society, Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Quadranti M, Rufence J, Zoschke A (1987) CGA 142,464: a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 117-128 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Quisumb<strong>in</strong>g E (1923) General characters of some Philipp<strong>in</strong>e weed seeds. Philipp. Agric. Rev.<br />

16:298-351.<br />

Quisumb<strong>in</strong>g E (1924) Marsilea crenata Presl., a noxious weed: its eradication <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong><br />

fields. Philipp. Agric. 13:209-212.<br />

Radanachaless T, Mercado B L (1980) Weed population <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>-tomato <strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>-mungbean<br />

multiple cropp<strong>in</strong>g patterns. Philipp. Agric. 63:1-8.<br />

Rao A N, Moody K (1987) Rice yield losses caused by transplanted Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa glabrescens<br />

<strong>and</strong> possible control methods. Pages 203-210 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Rao A N, Moody K (1987) <strong>Weeds</strong> dissem<strong>in</strong>ated with <strong>rice</strong> seedl<strong>in</strong>gs. Int. Rice Res. Newsl.<br />

12(5):30.<br />

Rao A N, Moody K (1987) Weed seedl<strong>in</strong>gs transplanted with <strong>rice</strong> seedl<strong>in</strong>gs reduce gra<strong>in</strong> yield.<br />

Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 12(3):51.<br />

Rao A N, Moody K (1987) Weed species occurr<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> seedl<strong>in</strong>g nurseries <strong>in</strong> Guimba, Nueva<br />

Ecija, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 12(2):37.<br />

Responso E M, Casquito A M, Busig R T, Alemania N R, Labios R V (1981) Effect of herbicide<br />

application <strong>and</strong> weed control treatment on upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the 3d Agusan,<br />

Bukidnon, Capiz-Agricultural Service Center Review, Cagayan de Oro City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Responso E M, Casquito A M, Busig R T, Alemania N R, Labios R V (1981) Effect of herbicide<br />

application on transplanted IR36 under fully irrigated condition. Paper presented at the 3d<br />

Agusan, Bukidnon, Capiz-Agricultural Service Center Review, Cagayan de Oro City,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Responso E M, Gamila E B, Alemania N R, Labios R V (1982) Develop<strong>in</strong>g weed control<br />

recommendations for <strong>in</strong>tensive cropp<strong>in</strong>g pattern, Bukidnon settlement. Paper presented at<br />

the 4th Agusan, Bukidnon, Capiz-Agricultural Service Center Review, 8-10 Mar 1982, Cebu<br />

City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Riyanto, Mabbayad B B, Paller E C Jr, Camutan A D (1977) Cultural manipulation to improve<br />

efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> production. Philipp. J. Crop Sci. 2:232-237.<br />

Ruscoe A W, Moody K (1981) Soil <strong>in</strong>corporated herbicides <strong>and</strong> herbicide antidotes <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.) Paper presented at the 12th Annual Conference of the Pest Control<br />

Council of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, 5-7 May 1981, University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños,<br />

College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Sabio E A, Fisher H H, Pastores R M (1981) Results from retest<strong>in</strong>g a production technology<br />

package based on C-22 upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.) <strong>in</strong> Cavite. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 8:41-<br />

48.<br />

Sagaral E G, Moomaw J C, De Datta S K (1968) Chemical weed control <strong>in</strong> mechanised drillseeded<br />

flooded <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 26-34 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Philipp<strong>in</strong>e Weed Science<br />

Conference. Weed Science Society of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Makati, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Salcedo R R. Reyes P L (1972) The effects of granular herbicides (weed<strong>in</strong>g, Machete <strong>and</strong> Treflan<br />

R) at different time of application on weed control, tiller production <strong>and</strong> yield of transplanted<br />

<strong>rice</strong>, variety IR20. Araneta Res. J. 19:261-290.

310 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Sanchez F F (1981) Pest <strong>and</strong> disease complexes <strong>in</strong> high yield<strong>in</strong>g varieties of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> other<br />

crops. Pages 73-79 <strong>in</strong> Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture Organization. A review of pest, disease <strong>and</strong><br />

weed complexes <strong>in</strong> high yield<strong>in</strong>g varieties <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> Pacific. RAPA 45. FAO Regional<br />

Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Sierra J N (1957) Effects of herbicides on weed species <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields.<br />

Philipp. Agric. 41:171-190.<br />

S<strong>in</strong>gh C M, Moody K, Cho S C (1985) Weed control through <strong>in</strong>ter-row cultivation <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Agric. Mech. <strong>Asia</strong>, Afr. <strong>and</strong> Lat<strong>in</strong> Am. 16(3):35-40.<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V, Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Tan J P (1924) The <strong>rice</strong> root aphis (Dryopeia hirsuta A.C. Baker). Philipp. Agric. 13:277-288.<br />

Tasic R C, Aqu<strong>in</strong>o S P, Jereza H C (1982) Weed management studies <strong>in</strong> Capiz settlement. Paper<br />

presented at the 4th Agusan, Bukidnon, Capiz-Agricultural Service Center Review, 8-10 Mar<br />

1982, Cebu City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Tasic R C, Sabordo M P, Balairos J B (1981) The effect of various weed control practices on the<br />

yield of upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.) Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 7:76-79<br />

Tasic R C, Sabordo M P, Davas E T (1981) The effect of various weed control practices. Paper<br />

presented at the 3d Agusan, Bukidnon, Capiz-Agricultural Service Center Review, Cagayan<br />

de Oro City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Tauro A C (1970) Evaluation of weed control practices <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. MS thesis, University<br />

of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es College of Agriculture, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Timis<strong>in</strong>a J, Robles R P, Carangal V R (1984) Weed flora <strong>in</strong> dry-seeded <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa ) as<br />

<strong>in</strong>fluenced by previous crop. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 11:56-64.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Vargas J P (1978) Integrated practices for weed control <strong>in</strong> direct-seeded <strong>rice</strong>. MS thesis,<br />

University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 186 p.<br />

Vega M R (1954) The effect of herbicides on weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Philipp. Agric. 38:13-47.<br />

Vega M R (1957) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L.). MS thesis. Cornell University, Ithaca,<br />

New York, USA. 166 p.<br />

Vega M R, Bradfield R B, Paller E C Jr, Madrid M T Jr (1971) Field evaluation of herbicides for<br />

weed control <strong>in</strong> irrigated drilled <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 78-81 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1970-71<br />

University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Lubigan R T (1972) Field evaluation of A-820 + 2,4-D EE for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Pages 55-56 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1971-72. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los<br />

Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Lubigan R T (1972) Field evaluation of amiben + 2,4-D EE for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 66-67 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1971-72. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at<br />

Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Lubigan R T (1972) Screen<strong>in</strong>g of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pages 63-65 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1971-72. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at LOS Baños,<br />

College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Lubigan R T (1972) Screen<strong>in</strong>g of new herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pages 61-62 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1971-72. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños,<br />

College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Ona J D, Paller E C Jr (1967) Evaluation of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Pages 59-62 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.<br />

Vega M R, Ona J D, Paller E C Jr (1967) Evaluation of herbicides for weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Pages 63-66 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Control Interchange. <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.<br />

Vega M R, Ona J D, Paller E C Jr (1967) Weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> at the University of the<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es College of Agriculture. Philipp. Agric. 51:397-411.

PHILIPPINES 311<br />

Vega M R, Paller E C Jr (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> their control. Pages 147-170 <strong>in</strong> Rice production<br />

manual. Rev. ed. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es College of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> International Rice<br />

Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Paller E C Jr, Lubigan R T (1971) Evaluation of triflural<strong>in</strong>, triflural<strong>in</strong>/2,4-D IPE,<br />

triflural<strong>in</strong>/MCPA <strong>and</strong> 2,4-D IPE for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 29-31 <strong>in</strong> Weed<br />

science report 1970-71. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Paller E C Jr, Lubigan R T (1971) Field evaluation of amiben for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 51-54 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1970-71. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at<br />

Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Paller E C Jr, Lubigan R T (1971) Field evaluation of amiben + 2,4-D IPE for weed<br />

control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 49-50 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1970-71. University of the<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Paller E C Jr, Lubigan R T (1971) Field evaluation of EL-119 + 2,4-D acid/lPE <strong>in</strong><br />

LiOH, NaOH <strong>and</strong> acetone for weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 44-45 <strong>in</strong> Weed science<br />

report 1970-71. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Paller E C Jr, Lubigan R T (1971) Screen<strong>in</strong>g of herbicides for the control of Scirpus<br />

maritimus. Pages 38-39 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1970-71. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los<br />

Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Paller E C Jr, Lubigan R T (1971) The effect of cont<strong>in</strong>uous herbicide treatments on<br />

weed population <strong>and</strong> yield of lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Philipp. Agric. 55:204-209.<br />

Vega M R, Paller E C Jr, Lubigan R T (1971) The effects of cont<strong>in</strong>uous herbicide treatments on<br />

weeds <strong>and</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 24-28 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1970-71. University of the<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Paller E C Jr, Lubigan R T (1971) The <strong>in</strong>fluence of phosphorus on the growth of<br />

weeds <strong>and</strong> on yield of lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 32-34 <strong>in</strong> Weed science report 1970-71. University<br />

of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R, Punzalan F L (1968) Weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> at the University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es<br />

College of Agriculture. Pages 682-686 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 9th British Weed Control<br />

Conference. British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Vega M R, Sierra J N (1968) Population of weed seeds <strong>in</strong> a lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> field. Pages 1-9 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 1st Philipp<strong>in</strong>e Weed Science Conference, Weed Science Society of the<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Makati, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vega M R. Sierra J N (1968) Population of weed seeds <strong>in</strong> a lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> field. Philipp. Agric.<br />

54:1-7.<br />

Velasco J R (1953) A study on the effect of herbicide on weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields. Proc. Pac. Sci.<br />

Congr. 8(4B):65-106.<br />

Velasco J R, Ona J D (1962) Tests with 3,4 dichloropropionanilide for control of weeds <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the FAO Conference on Plant Protection, 11-19 Jun 1962, Manila,<br />

Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Velasco J R, Vega M R, Llena P A (1958) Effects of repeated herbicide spray<strong>in</strong>g on upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Philipp. Agric. 41:432-439.<br />

Velasco J R, Vega M R, Llena P A, Obien S R (1961) Studies on weed control <strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>.<br />

Philipp. Agric. 44:373-393.<br />

Yapit N M (1981) Effects of nitrogen rate <strong>in</strong> the seedbeds, plant spac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> weed control<br />

practices on growth <strong>and</strong> yield of transplanted forty-day-old <strong>rice</strong> seedl<strong>in</strong>gs. MS thesis,<br />

University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es at Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 83 p.<br />

Zimdahl R L, Moody K, Chavez R C (1987) The <strong>in</strong>fluence of soil moisture on growth of some <strong>rice</strong><br />

( Oryza sativa) weeds. Philipp. J. Weed Sci. 14:19-25.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sri Lanka.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

A canthospermum<br />

hispidum DC.<br />

Achyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

americana L.<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Alloteropsis<br />

cimic<strong>in</strong>a (L.) Stapf<br />

Alternanthera<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

nummularifolius - see A. vag<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Aneilema<br />

spiratum - see Murdannia spirata<br />

Asteracantha<br />

longifolia - See Hygrophila<br />

auriculata<br />

Azolla<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

UPL<br />

DSR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

LNS<br />

DSR<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS

314 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae NSP<br />

capensis L.<br />

Blyxa<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae NSP<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

Hydrocharitaceae TPR, WSR<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti Hydrocharitaceae<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Hydrocharitaceae NSP<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Planch. ex Thw. Hydrocharitaceae LNS<br />

zeylanica - see B. auberti<br />

Boerhavia<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

sp.<br />

Borreria<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae UPL<br />

alata (Aubl.) DC.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

Rubiaceae LNS<br />

ischaemum (L.) Keng<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

pseudoischaemum - see B.<br />

‘ischaemum<br />

Brachiaria<br />

Poaceae<br />

distachya (L.) Stapf<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

C elosia<br />

Poaceae NSP<br />

argentea L.<br />

Cenchrus<br />

Amaranthaceae UPL<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>atus L.<br />

Centranthera<br />

Poaceae UPL<br />

tranquebarica (Spreng.) Merr.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

Scrophulariaceae LNS<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

Ceratophyllaceae LNS<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chara<br />

Parkeriaceae LNS<br />

sp.<br />

Chloris<br />

Characeae LNS<br />

barbata Sw.<br />

Cladium<br />

Poaceae UPL<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cyperaceae NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cleome<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

viscosa L.<br />

Coelachne<br />

simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex<br />

Steud.) Munro ex Benth.<br />

Coix<br />

gigantea Koen. ex Roxb.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

Corchorus<br />

olitorius L.<br />

Crassocephalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore<br />

Cressa<br />

cretica L.<br />

Crotalaria<br />

laburnifolia L.<br />

Cuscuta<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lam.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alopecuroides Rottb.<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

bifax - see C. rotundus ssp. retzii<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

corymbosus Rottb.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us (Retz.) Valck. Sur.<br />

dehiscens - see C. halpan<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

SRI LANKA 315

316 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

distans L.f.<br />

exaltus Retz.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

globosus - see C. flavidus<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

longus L.<br />

melanospermus (Nees) Valck. Sur.<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

puncticulatus - see C. procerus<br />

pygmaeus Rottb.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

rotundus L. ssp. retzii (Nees) Kuk.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

substram<strong>in</strong>eus Kuk.<br />

tenuiculmis Boeck.<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Desmodium<br />

triquetrum (L.) DC.<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata - see D. ciliaris<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LN S<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Dopatrium (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

lobelioides (Retz.) Benth.<br />

nudicale (Willd.) Benth.<br />

Drosera<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Drymaria<br />

cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

di<strong>and</strong>ra - see D. cordata<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

frumentacea L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

capitata - see E. geniculata<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis<br />

tetraquetra Nees<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Elytrophorus<br />

spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

SRI LANKA 317<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

DSR, UPL<br />

NSP

318 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Emilia<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Epaltes<br />

divaricata (L.) Cass.<br />

Eragrostiella<br />

bifaria (Vahl) Bor<br />

Eragrostis<br />

japonica (Thunb.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

maderaspatana Bor<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

viscosa (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

willdenoviana - see E.<br />

maderaspatana<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangulare L.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

thwaitesii Koern.<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Eriochloa<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Euphorbia<br />

geniculata - see E. heterophylla<br />

heterophylla L.<br />

hirta L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

bis-umbellata (Forssk.) Bub.<br />

complanata (Retz.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

falcata (Vahl) Kunth<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea (L.) Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangularis (Vahl) Kunth<br />

Family Culture<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Fimbristylis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

glomerata - see F. ciliaris<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

unc<strong>in</strong>ata - see F. umbellata<br />

G l<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Gnaphalium<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e - see G. luteo-album<br />

luteo-album L.<br />

Gomphrena<br />

decumbens Jacq.<br />

Grangea<br />

sp.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

H edyotis<br />

diffusa L.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocera<br />

angustifolia BI.<br />

triflora (L.) Wight & Arn.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

auriculata (Schum.) He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Hygroryza<br />

aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight &<br />

Arn.<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

l mperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Geraniaceae<br />

Geraniaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

LN S<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,WSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

SRI LANKA 319

320 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Family Culture<br />

Ipomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk. Convolvulaceae<br />

asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. Convolvulaceae<br />

triloba L. Convolvulaceae<br />

lsachne<br />

australis - see I. himalaica<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

himalaica Hook. f.<br />

lschaemum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

muticum L.<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Juncus<br />

prismatocarpus R. Br.<br />

Jussiaea<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia<br />

octovalvis<br />

tenella - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia<br />

K yil<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

brevifolia - see Cyperus brevifolius<br />

L aurentia<br />

longiflora (L.) Peterm.<br />

Leersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Limnophila<br />

aquatica (Roxb.) Alston<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Juncaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Campanulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

WSR<br />

LNS

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Limnophila (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

aromatica (Lam.) Merr.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osbeck.) Merr.<br />

conferata - see L. repens<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

repens (Benth.) Benth.<br />

sessiliflora BI.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

angustifolia - see L. aragattis<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

aragattis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

cordifolia - see L. anagallis<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

hirta - see L. pusilla<br />

hyssopioides (L.) Ha<strong>in</strong>es<br />

pusilla (Willd.) Bold.<br />

rotundifolia (L.) Alston<br />

tenuifolia (Colsm.) Alston<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

argentea - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Lobelia<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

zeylanica L.<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

decurrens Walt.<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

dregeanus Kunth<br />

Marsilea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

quadrifoliata - see M. quadrifolia<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

WSR<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

SRI LANKA 321

322 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Microcarpaea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (Koen. ex Retz.) Merr.<br />

Mikania<br />

cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mitracarpus<br />

villosus (Sw.) DC.<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>ata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N ymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

parviflora (Wall.) O.K.<br />

O cimum<br />

americanum L.<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

dichotoma H.K. f.<br />

Oryza<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

perennis (annual) - see O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

perennis (perennial) - see O.<br />

rufipogon<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poacaae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

WSR<br />

WSR<br />

WSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

P anicum<br />

brevifolium L.<br />

cambogiense Balansa<br />

repens L.<br />

Paspalum<br />

commersonii - see P.<br />

scrobiculatum<br />

distichum L.<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium<br />

lathryroides<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

debilis Herb. Ham. ex Wall.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

auricularius (L.) Hassk.<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickery<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus<br />

polystachyos<br />

puncticulatus - see Cyperus<br />

procerus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

wightiana (Nees) Steud.<br />

Rotala<br />

densiflora (Roth) Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

leptopetala - see R. rosea<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

SRI LANKA 323<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

WSR<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS

324 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Rotala (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

rnexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook<br />

S acciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (Willd.) Stapf<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayensis Kunth<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

auriculata - see S. molesta<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell<br />

Schoenoplectus<br />

juncoides - see Scirpus juncoides<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us - see Scirpus sup<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

erectus - see S. juncoides<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

oryzetorium - see S. lateriflorus<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

oryzoides - see S. poaeformis<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Setaria<br />

geniculata (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

glauca - see Pennisetum glaucum<br />

lutescens - see Pennisetum<br />

glaucum<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Sparganophorus<br />

vaillantii - see Struchium<br />

sparganophorum<br />

Spermacoce<br />

latifolia - see Borreria alata<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spilanthes<br />

acmella - see S. iabadicensis<br />

calva DC.<br />

iabadicensis A.H. Moore<br />

paniculata Wall. ex DC.<br />

Spirogyra<br />

sp.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

africanus (Poir.) Rob. & Tourn.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus - see S. africanus<br />

Struchium<br />

sparganophorum (L.) O.K.<br />

T orul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Triumfetta<br />

rhomboidea Jacq.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

U tricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

reticulata Smith<br />

V allisneria<br />

verticillata - see Hydrilla verticillata<br />

Vernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

X yris<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Zygnemataceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

LNS<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS<br />

SRI LANKA 325

326 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sri Lanka.<br />

Abeyratne E L F (1956) Dry l<strong>and</strong> farm<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Ceylon. Trop. Agric. 62:191-229.<br />

Agricultural Research Station (1980) Half yearly report, Yala 1980. Maha Illuppallama, Sri Lanka.<br />

64 p.<br />

Agricultural Research Station (1981) Half yearly report, Maha 1980/81. Maha Illuppallama, Sri<br />

Lanka. 105 p.<br />

Agricultural Research Station (1982) Half yearly report, Maha 1981/82. Maha Illuppallama, Sri<br />

Lanka. 86 p.<br />

Agricultural Research Station (1982) Half yearly report, Yala 1982. Maha Illuppallama, Sri Lanka.<br />

92 p.<br />

Agricultural Research Station (1984) Half yearly report, Maha 1983/84. Maha Illuppallama, Sri<br />

Lanka. 172 p.<br />

Agricultural Research Station (1984) Half yearly report, Yala 1984. Maha Illuppallama, Sri Lanka.<br />

95 p.<br />

Agricultural Research Station (1985) Half yearly report, Maha 1984/85. Maha Illuppallama, Sri<br />

Lanka. 110 p.<br />

Agricultural Research Station (1985) Half yearly report, Yala 1985. Maha Illuppallama. Sri Lanka.<br />

144 p.<br />

Amaratunga K L D (1977) A provisional list of weeds (Phanerogams) found <strong>in</strong> arable soils <strong>in</strong> Sri<br />

Lanka with special reference to three noteworthy new weed records. Ceylon J. Sci. 12:185-<br />

193.<br />

Anonymous (1952) Weed control <strong>in</strong> paddy. Trop. Agric. 108:196-199.<br />

Anonymous (1959) Common obnoxious weeds of Ceylon. Meet<strong>in</strong>g Paper 32. FAO Plant<br />

Protection Committee for the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> Pacific region. FAO Regional Office for<br />

<strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Far East, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Appadurai R R (1969) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Ceylon. Pages 693-696 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 9th<br />

British Weed Control Conference. British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Auma E O, Gunasena H P M (1972) Effect of method of st<strong>and</strong> establishment <strong>and</strong> weed control<br />

on growth <strong>and</strong> yield of lowl<strong>and</strong> ’IR8’ <strong>rice</strong>. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 42:1041-1046.<br />

B<strong>and</strong>ara J M R S, Nadaraja V (1979) Reaction of some common weeds <strong>in</strong> Sri Lankan <strong>rice</strong> fields<br />

to Corticium sasakii. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 4(3):15-16.<br />

Biswas K, Calder C C (1937) H<strong>and</strong>book of common water <strong>and</strong> marsh plants of India <strong>and</strong> Burma,<br />

1936. Health Bull. 24 (Malaria Bur. 11). Government Press, New Delhi, India. 140 p.<br />

Bor N L (1960) The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India <strong>and</strong> Pakistan. Pergamon Press, New York,<br />

USA.<br />

Ch<strong>and</strong>rasena J P N R (1987) Ludwigia species - most prevalent broad-leafed weeds <strong>in</strong> wet zone<br />

<strong>rice</strong>fields of Sri Lanka. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 12(6):32.<br />

Dassanayake M D (1976) Noxious aquatic vegetation control <strong>in</strong> Sri Lanka. Pages 59-61 <strong>in</strong><br />

Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk, The Hague, The<br />

Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Dassanayake M D, Fosberg F R, eds. (1980) A revised h<strong>and</strong>book of the flora of Ceylon. Oxford<br />

& IBH Publish<strong>in</strong>g Co., New Delhi, India. Dias G R W (1966) Control of Salv<strong>in</strong>ia - methods<br />

<strong>and</strong> progress. Pages 139-152 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of a symposium on research <strong>and</strong> production<br />

of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Ceylon. D.V.W. Abeygunawardena, ed., Colombo Apothecaries’ Co. Ltd.,<br />

Colombo, Sri Lanka.<br />

Dias G R W (1967) Eradication of water weed <strong>in</strong> Ceylon. World Crops 19(1):64-68.<br />

Grist D H (1965) Rice. 4th ed. Longmans, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 548 p.<br />

Gunasena H P M (1971) Evaluation of new herbicides for broadcast sown lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza<br />

sativa L.) - I. J. Natl. Agric. Soc. Ceylon 8:13-22.<br />

Gunasena H P M (1971) Evaluation of new herbicides for broadcast sown lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza<br />

sativa L.) - II. J. Natl. Agric. Soc. Ceylon 8:23-30.

SRI LANKA 327<br />

Gunasena H P M (1974) Current results from cooperative weed control trials <strong>in</strong> Sri Lanka.<br />

Evaluation of herbicides for ra<strong>in</strong>-fed upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the International Rice<br />

Research Conference, 22-25 Apr 1974, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños,<br />

Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 15 p.<br />

Gunasena H P M, Arceo L M (1981) Weed control studies with butachlor <strong>in</strong> direct seeded <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />

Sri Lanka. Pages 27-33 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 8th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society<br />

Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Bangalore, India.<br />

Gunasena H P M, Auma E O (1972/73) Effect of method of st<strong>and</strong> establishment <strong>and</strong> weed<br />

control on growth <strong>and</strong> yield of lowl<strong>and</strong> ’IR8’ <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza sativa L). J. Natl. Agric. Soc.<br />

Ceylon 9 /10:63-72.<br />

Gunasena H P M, Kannangara H W (1974) Evaluation of herbicides for ra<strong>in</strong>-fed upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>,<br />

Oryza sativa L. J. Natl. Sci. Coun. Sri Lanka 2:161-164.<br />

Gunawardena S D I E, Yogaratnam V (1968) Chemical control of weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> the<br />

<strong>in</strong>termediate <strong>and</strong> wet zones of Ceylon. Paper presented at the 12th Session of the<br />

International Rice Commission Work<strong>in</strong>g Party on Rice Production <strong>and</strong> Protection, 9-14 Sep<br />

1968, Central Agricultural Research Institute, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. 7 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Holm L G, Herberger J (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> of tropical crops. Pages 1132-1149 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

10th British weed control conference. British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world’s worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Kir<strong>in</strong>de S T W (1957) Weed control <strong>in</strong> dry l<strong>and</strong> farm<strong>in</strong>g. Trop. Agric. 113:131-146.<br />

Kir<strong>in</strong>de S T W (1958) Weed control problems <strong>in</strong> the dry zone. Trop. Agric. 114:175-182.<br />

Kotalawala J (1976) Noxious water vegetation <strong>in</strong> Sri Lanka: the extent <strong>and</strong> impact of exist<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>in</strong>festations. Pages 51-58 <strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska,<br />

eds., Junk, The Hague, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Michael P W (1973) Barnyard grass ( Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa ) <strong>in</strong> the <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific region with special<br />

reference to Australia. Pages 489-493 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 4th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science<br />

Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Rotorua, New Zeal<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Michael P W (1983) Taxonomy <strong>and</strong> distribution of Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa species with special reference to<br />

their occurrence as weeds of <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 291-306 <strong>in</strong> Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Mittra M K, Pieris J W L (1968) Paraquat as an aid to paddy cultivation. Pages 668-674 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 9th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop Protection Council,<br />

Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Mittra M K, Pieris J W L (1969) Paraquat as an aid to paddy cultivation. Int. Pest Contr. 11 (1):23-<br />

26.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Paul W R C, Senaratna J E (1941) The species of Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa <strong>in</strong> Ceylon <strong>and</strong> their occurrence<br />

<strong>and</strong> distribution as weeds of paddy l<strong>and</strong>. Trop. Agric. 96:35-41.<br />

Robson T O (1976) A review of the distribution of aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> the tropics <strong>and</strong> sub-tropics.<br />

Pages 25-30 <strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk,<br />

The Hague, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Senaratna J E (1940) Limnocharis flava (L.)Buchenau, a weed of <strong>rice</strong>-fields, recently naturalized<br />

<strong>in</strong> Ceylon. Trop. Agric. 94:362-364.<br />

Senaratna J E (1943) Cyperus procerus Rottboell: an <strong>in</strong>digenous plant liable to be a<br />

troublesome weed of paddy l<strong>and</strong>s. Trop. Agric. 99:212-213.

328 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Senaratna S D J E (1956) The grasses of Ceylon. Peradeniya Manual 8. Government Press,<br />

Colombo, Ceylon. 229 p.<br />

Senewiratne S T, Appadurai R R (1966) Field crops of Ceylon. Lake House Investment Ltd.,<br />

Colombo, Sri Lanka. 376 p.<br />

Van Rijn P J (1982) Report of a mission on FAO <strong>in</strong>ter-country programme for the development<br />

<strong>and</strong> application of <strong>in</strong>tegrated pest control for <strong>rice</strong> grow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>south</strong>-east <strong>Asia</strong> -<br />

establishment of weed control component. Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Velmurugu V, Yogaratnam V (1968) The role of herbicides <strong>and</strong> problems aris<strong>in</strong>g out of their use<br />

<strong>in</strong> weed control. Paper presented at the 24th Annual Session of the Ceylon Association for<br />

the Advancement of Science, Dec 1968, Colombo, Ceylon.<br />

Weerakoon W L, Gunewardena S D I E (1983) Rice field weed flora of Sri Lanka. Trop. Agric.<br />

139:1-14.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

A chyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Aerva<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olenta (L.) BI.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Agerat<strong>in</strong>a<br />

adenophora (Spreng.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g<br />

& B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra - see A. sessilis<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

lividus L.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

tricolor L.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Anisochilus<br />

pallidus Wall. ex Benth<br />

Aponogeton<br />

lakhonensis A. Camus<br />

monostachyon L.f.<br />

Family Culture<br />

Amaranthaceae NSP<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amarantnaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

DSR,DWR,WSR<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR,UPL<br />

DSR,DWR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

330 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Artemisia<br />

dubia Wail. ex DC.<br />

Arundo<br />

donax L.<br />

Atylosia<br />

volubilis (Blanco) Gamble<br />

Azolla<br />

japonica - see A. rubra<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

rubra R. Br.<br />

B ergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

capensis L.<br />

Bidens<br />

biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff<br />

ex Sherff<br />

pilosa L.<br />

Blumea<br />

lacera (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

mollis (D. Don) Merr.<br />

napifolia DC.<br />

Blumeopsis<br />

falcata (D. Don) Merr.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

lancifolia - see B. auberti<br />

Boerhavia<br />

diffusa L.<br />

erecta L.<br />

Borreria<br />

laevis (Lam.) Griseb.<br />

latifolia (Aubl.) Schum.<br />

Brachiaria<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

reptans (L.) Gard. & C.E. Hubb.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

DSR,UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Buddleja<br />

asiatica Lour.<br />

C apillipedium<br />

parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf<br />

Cardam<strong>in</strong>e<br />

hirsuta L.<br />

Cassia<br />

mimosoides - see Chamaecrista<br />

mimosoides<br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chamaecrista<br />

mimosoides St<strong>and</strong>ley<br />

Chara<br />

zeylanica Willd.<br />

Chloris<br />

barbata Sw.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L.<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Chrozophora<br />

rottleri (Geisel) A. Juss. ex Spreng.<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cleome<br />

chelidonii L.f.<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

viscosa L.<br />

Family Culture<br />

Buddlejaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Characeae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

THAILAND 331<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR

332 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Codonopsis<br />

javanica (BI.) Hook. f. Campanulaceae<br />

Coelorachis<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) Stapf ex Ridl. Poaceae<br />

Coix<br />

aquatica Roxb.<br />

lachryma-jobi L.<br />

Colocasia<br />

esculenta (L.) Schott<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L. Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

diffusa Burm. f. Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

nudiflora - see Murdannia nudiflora Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Conyza<br />

leucantha (D. Don) Ludlow & Asteraceae<br />

Raven<br />

sumatrensis (Retz.) E.H. Walker Asteraceae<br />

Corchorus<br />

aestuans L. Tiliaceae<br />

Crassocephalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore Asteraceae<br />

Crotalaria<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea Grah. ex Benth. Fabaceae (P)<br />

juncea L. Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

axillaris<br />

Cyathula<br />

prostrata (L.) BI.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cynoglossum<br />

lanceolatum Forssk.<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis Cyperaceae<br />

babakan Steud. Cyperaceae<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. Cyperaceae<br />

compactus Retz. Cyperaceae<br />

compressus L. Cyperaceae<br />

cuspidatus Kunth Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

DSR,DWR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

cyperoides (L.) O.K.<br />

difformis L.<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

globosus - see C. flavidus<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

longus L.<br />

malaccensis Lam.<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

stoloniferus Retz.<br />

tagetiformis Roxb.<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

trialatus (Boeck.) Kern<br />

Cyrtococcum<br />

accrescens (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) Stapf<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Datura<br />

metel L.<br />

Desmodium<br />

microphyllum (Thunb.) DC.<br />

Dichrocephala<br />

<strong>in</strong>tegrifolia (L.f.) O.K.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

THAILAND 333<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL

334 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

biformis - see D. ciliaris<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis - see D. violascens<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

compacta (Roth ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.) Veldk.<br />

corymbosa - see D. compacta<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata - see D. ciliaris<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

violascens L.<br />

Dioscorea<br />

sp.<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Drymaria<br />

cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. &.<br />

Schult.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

picta (Koen.) Michael<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Dioscoreaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

DSR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

plantag<strong>in</strong>ea - see E. dulcis<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

spiralis (Rottb.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Elsholtzia<br />

bl<strong>and</strong>a Benth<br />

Elytrophorus<br />

spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus<br />

Emilia<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Enteropogon<br />

dolichostachyus (Lagas.) Keng ex<br />

Lazar.<br />

Enydra<br />

fluctuans Lour.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

atrovirens (Desf.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

japonica (Thunb.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

namaquensis Schrad.<br />

nigra Nees ex Steud.<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

trichodes (Nutt.) Wood<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>ulatum Mart.<br />

odoratum Dalz.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

THAILAND 335<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR

336 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eriochloa<br />

fatmensis (Hochst. & Steud.)<br />

W.D. Clayton<br />

Eryngium<br />

foetidum L.<br />

Eupatorium<br />

adenophorum - see Agerat<strong>in</strong>a<br />

adenophora<br />

odoratum - see Chromolaena<br />

odorata<br />

Euphorbia<br />

heterophylla L.<br />

hirta L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

anisoclada Ohwi<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

eragrostis (Nees) Hance<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea (L.) Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

merrillii Kern<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

glomerata - see F. ciliaris<br />

G al<strong>in</strong>soga<br />

parviflora Cav.<br />

Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC<br />

Gnaphalium<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e - see G. luteo-album<br />

hypoleucum DC.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Gnaphalium (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

luteo-album L.<br />

Gomphrena<br />

celosioides Mart.<br />

Goodenia<br />

kon<strong>in</strong>gsbergeri (Back.) Back. ex<br />

Bold.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

H edyotis<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

diffusa L.<br />

racemosa Lam.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

fruticosum L.<br />

hirtum - see H. fruticosum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocharis<br />

dubia (BI.) Backer<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

quadrivalis Nees<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong><br />

myurus - see Sacciolepis myurus<br />

pseudo<strong>in</strong>terrupta - see H.<br />

acutigluma<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

I mpatiens<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Goodeniaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

DSR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

THAILAND 337

338 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

lmperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel Poaceae<br />

lndigofera<br />

dosua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Fabaceae (P)<br />

Ipomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

gracilis R. Br.<br />

hederifolia L.<br />

Family Culture<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

lsachne<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K. Poaceae<br />

pulchella Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

lschaemum<br />

Poaceae<br />

aristatum - see I. <strong>in</strong>dicum Poaceae<br />

barbatum Retz. Poaceae<br />

imbricatum - see I. barbatum Poaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr. Poaceae<br />

rugosum Salisb. Poaceae<br />

lsoetes<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>elianum L.f. lsoetaceae<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us Cyperaceae<br />

Juncus<br />

prismatocarpus R. Br. Juncaceae<br />

Jussiaea<br />

hyssopifolia - see Ludwigia Onagraceae<br />

hyssopifolia<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia Onagraceae<br />

prostrata - see Ludwigia prostrata Onagraceae<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens Onagraceae<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia Onagraceae<br />

octovalvis<br />

L aggera<br />

pterodonta - see L. purpurascens Asteraceae<br />

purpurascens Sch.-Bip. ex Hochst. Asteraceae<br />

Leersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

oryzoides (L.) Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Welw.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,WSR<br />

DWR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Lemna (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L.<br />

perpusilla - see L. aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis<br />

Lepidagathis<br />

fasciculata Nees<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Nymphoides <strong>in</strong>dica<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Limnophila<br />

geoffrayi Bonati<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Druce<br />

laotica Bonati<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth<br />

Lobelia<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

THAILAND 339<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,UPL,<br />

WSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR

340 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Mariscus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

cyperoides - see Cyperus<br />

cyperoides<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Merremia<br />

hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

Microstegium<br />

vagans (Nees ex Steud.)<br />

A. Camus<br />

Mimosa<br />

<strong>in</strong>visa Mart. ex Colla<br />

pigra L.<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mimulus<br />

orbicularis Wall.<br />

Miscanthus<br />

floridulus (Labill.) Warb. ex<br />

K. Schum.<br />

Mitracarpus<br />

villosus (Sw.) DC.<br />

Mollugo<br />

pentaphylla L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

N ajas<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,DWR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Neyraudia<br />

reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex<br />

Hitchc.<br />

Nitella<br />

sp.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

pubescens Willd.<br />

stellata - see N. nouchali<br />

Nymphoides<br />

hastata (Dop) Kerr<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

parviflora (Wall.) O.K.<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Oenanthe<br />

javanica (Bl.) DC.<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

biflora - see Hedyotis racemosa<br />

diffusa - see Hedyotis diffusa<br />

Oplismenus<br />

compositus (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

latifolia Desv.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis Wall. ex Watt<br />

perennis (annual) - see O. nivara,<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

perennis (perennial) - see O.<br />

rufipogon<br />

ridleyi Hook. f.<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

sativa var. fatua - see O. nivara,<br />

O. rufipogon, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

Poaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

THAILAND 341<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

THA<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

DWR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

DWR,TPR,WSR<br />

DWR,TPR

342 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

lanceolata (Gagnep.) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Oxalis<br />

corniculata L.<br />

P anicum<br />

auritum Presl ex Nees<br />

cambogiense Balansa<br />

<strong>in</strong>comtum Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

lutescens - see Pennisetum<br />

glaucum<br />

luzonense - see P. cambogiense<br />

maximum Jacq.<br />

myurus - see Sacciolepis myurus<br />

notatum Retz.<br />

paludosum Roxb.<br />

repens L.<br />

reptans - see Brachiaria reptans<br />

Paspalum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

distichum L.<br />

longifolium Roxb.<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Pavonia<br />

sidaefolia Kunth<br />

Pennisetum<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

pedicellatum Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

polystachion (L.) Schult.<br />

purpureum K. Schum.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium<br />

lathryroides<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol.<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Philydraceae<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR<br />

UPL<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,DWR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Phragmites<br />

australis (Cav.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

communis - see P. australis<br />

karka (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

niruri - see P. fratemus<br />

simplex - see P. virgatus<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L.<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Physalis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Plantago<br />

major L.<br />

Plectranthus<br />

hispidus Benth.<br />

Pogostermon<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Polygonum<br />

barbatum L.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ense L.<br />

flaccidum Meissn.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>us Huds.<br />

pubescens BI.<br />

tomentosum Willd.<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

Potamogeton<br />

malaianus - see P. mucronatus<br />

mucronatus PresI<br />

oblongus Viv.<br />

polygonifolius - see P. oblongus<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickery<br />

Pteridium<br />

aquil<strong>in</strong>um (L.) Kuhn<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Plantag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

LNS<br />

DSR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae NSP<br />

Potamogetonaceae TPR<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Dennstaedtiaceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

THAILAND 343

344 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus<br />

polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

longisetis R. Br.<br />

rubra (Lour.) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

submarg<strong>in</strong>ata Kuk.<br />

Rostellularia<br />

chiengmaiensis Brem.<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.)<br />

B. van Leeuwen<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D.<br />

Clayton<br />

exaltata - see R. coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Rungia<br />

angustifolia Brem.<br />

S accharum<br />

arund<strong>in</strong>aceum Retz.<br />

procerum Roxb.<br />

spontaneum L.<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

myurus (Lam.) A. Chase<br />

Sagittaria<br />

ag<strong>in</strong>ashi Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

guayensis Kunth<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Sclerachne<br />

punctata R. Br.<br />

Scleria<br />

biflora Roxb.<br />

levis Retz.<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

oryzoides - see S. poaeformis<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Sericocalyx<br />

glaucescens (Nees) Brem.<br />

Sesbania<br />

javanica Miq.<br />

roxburghii - see S. javanica<br />

Setaria<br />

geniculata (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

pallide-fusca - see S. pumila<br />

palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

Siegesbeckia<br />

orientalis L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

DSR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

THAlLAND 345

346 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Solanum<br />

nigrum L.<br />

Sonchus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

oleraceus L.<br />

Sorghum<br />

sp .<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

senegalensis DC.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spilanthes<br />

acmella - see S. iabadicensis<br />

iabadicensis A.H. Moore<br />

paniculata Wall. ex DC.<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

sp.<br />

Stachytarpheta<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Vahl<br />

Stylidium<br />

kunthii Wall. ex DC.<br />

Synedrella<br />

nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.<br />

T enagocharis<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch.<br />

Thysanolaena<br />

maxima (Roxb.) O.K.<br />

Torul<strong>in</strong>ium<br />

odoratum - see Cyperus odoratus<br />

Trianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Tridax<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Solanaceae UPL<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Stylidaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

DSR<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Triumfetta<br />

annua L.<br />

rhomboidea Jacq.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

Typhonium<br />

flagelliforme - see T. divaricatum<br />

divaricatum (L.) Decne<br />

U rena<br />

lobata L.<br />

Utricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

baouleensis A. Chev.<br />

bifida L.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

V erbena<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis L.<br />

Vernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

divergens (DC.) Edgew.<br />

X anthium<br />

strumarium L.<br />

Xyris<br />

capensis Thunb.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Y oungia<br />

japonica (L.) DC.<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DWR<br />

UPL<br />

THAILAND 347<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Ackerson R C, Davis L A (1987) Metsulfuron methyl - a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 137-143 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Calderon J I, Hare C J, Palis F V, Burhan H, Bh<strong>and</strong>hufalck A, Chong W C (1987) Setoff - a new<br />

<strong>rice</strong> herbicide for S.E. <strong>Asia</strong>. Pages 73-79 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed<br />

Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Chomchalow N, Pongpangan S (1974) Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Paper presented at the<br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang, Indonesia.<br />

Chomchalow N, Pongpangan S (1976) Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>: Occurrence, problems <strong>and</strong><br />

exist<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> proposed control measures. Pages 43-50 <strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk, The Hague, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.

348 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Dansk Botanisk Arkiu (1961- ) Studies <strong>in</strong> the flora of Thail<strong>and</strong>. Copenhagen, Denmark.<br />

Gangstad E O, Seaman D E, Nelson M L (1972) Potential growth of aquatic plants of the lower<br />

Mekong river bas<strong>in</strong> Laos-Thail<strong>and</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 10:4-9.<br />

Gillil<strong>and</strong> H B (1971) A revised flora of Malaya. Vol. III. Grasses. Botanic Gardens, Government<br />

Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Office, S<strong>in</strong>gapore. 319 p.<br />

Glass E H, Smith R J Jr, Thomason I J, Thurston H D (1972) Plant protection problems <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. United States Department of Agriculture, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C., USA. 66 p.<br />

Grist D H (1965) Rice. 4th ed. Longmans, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 548 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd.. Basle. Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Harada J, Paisooksantivatana Y, Zungsontiporn S (1987) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> the highl<strong>and</strong>s of northern<br />

Thail<strong>and</strong>. Project Manual 1. National Weed Science Research Institute Project, Bangkok,<br />

Thail<strong>and</strong>. 126 p.<br />

Heckman C W (1979) Rice field ecology <strong>in</strong> northeastern Thail<strong>and</strong>. Monogr. Biol. 34. Junk, The<br />

Hague, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s. 228 p.<br />

Holm L G, Herberger J (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> of tropical crops. Pages 1132-1149 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />

10th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop Protection Council, Brighton, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Holm L G, Plucknett D L, Pancho J V, Herberger J R (1977) The world's worst weeds.<br />

Distribution <strong>and</strong> biology. East-West Center Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 609 p.<br />

Hyakutake H, Supatanakul C, Zungsontiporn S, Noda K (1982) Distribution <strong>and</strong> some ecological<br />

features of wild <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> deep-water <strong>rice</strong> areas <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong> (prelim<strong>in</strong>ary report). Weed Res.<br />

Jpn. 27 (Suppl.):163-164.<br />

Hyakutake H, Zungsontiporn S (1985) Effect of temperature <strong>and</strong> chemicals on break<strong>in</strong>g seed<br />

dormancy <strong>in</strong> wild <strong>rice</strong> ( Oryza perennis ). Pages 419-424 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 10th <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Chiang-<br />

mai, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Japan International Cooperation Agency (1980) Reports of JlCA survey team for National Weed<br />

Science Research Institute (NWSRI) Project <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Tokyo, Japan.<br />

Kanchanomai P (1975) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> some ra<strong>in</strong>fed crops of Thail<strong>and</strong>. Pages 238-244 <strong>in</strong><br />

Reviews on pest, disease <strong>and</strong> weed problems <strong>in</strong> ra<strong>in</strong>fed crops <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Far East.<br />

RAFE 23. D.B. Reddy, ed., FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Kanchanomai P, Seaman D E (1971) <strong>Weeds</strong>. Pages 72-74 <strong>in</strong> Rice diseases <strong>and</strong> pests of<br />

Thail<strong>and</strong>. Rice Protection Research Centre, M<strong>in</strong>istry of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Khomvilai S, Supatankul C (1987) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrated pest control. Paper presented at a<br />

Sem<strong>in</strong>ar on Weed Biology <strong>and</strong> Weed Control <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>, 22-23 Jan 1987, Department of<br />

Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Japan International Cooperation Agency, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Kittipong P. (1981) Weed science research. Pages 13-15 <strong>in</strong> Sanpatong Rice Experiment Station<br />

research report, 29 Oct 1981. Chiangmai, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Kittipong P (1983) Weed control <strong>in</strong> farmers' fields <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Pages 193-200 <strong>in</strong> Weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Kittipong P (1984) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (northern region). Pages 15-16 <strong>in</strong> National Weed<br />

Science Research Institute Project. Suggested guide for weed control <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong> - 1984.<br />

Tech. Bull. 1. Department of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Kovitvadhi K (1981) Pest complexes <strong>in</strong> high yield<strong>in</strong>g varieties of <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Pages 80-83 <strong>in</strong><br />

Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture Organization. A review of pest, disease <strong>and</strong> weed complexes <strong>in</strong> high<br />

yield<strong>in</strong>g varieties <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> Pacific. RAPA 45. FAO Regional Office for <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Pacific,<br />

Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Michael P W (1983) Taxonomy <strong>and</strong> distribution of Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa species with special reference to<br />

their occurrence as weeds of <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 291-306 <strong>in</strong> Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. International Rice<br />

Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.

THAILAND 349<br />

Morishima H, Sano Y, Oka H I (1980) Observations on wild <strong>and</strong> cultivated <strong>rice</strong>s <strong>and</strong> companion<br />

weeds <strong>in</strong> the hilly areas of Nepal, India <strong>and</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Contrib. 1349. National Institute of<br />

Genetics, Misima, Japan. 97 p.<br />

Nakagawa K (1972) Weed control <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control research <strong>in</strong> the <strong>south</strong>-east<br />

<strong>Asia</strong> [<strong>in</strong> Japanese]. Weed Res. Jpn. 13:6-14.<br />

Noda K, Teerawatsakul M (1982) Weed problems <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduction of National Weed<br />

Science Research Institute Project. Weed Res. Jpn. 27:55-60.<br />

Noda K, Teerawatsakul M, Prakongvongs C, Chaiwirtnukul L (1984) Major weeds <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Project Manual 1. National Weed Science Research Institute Project, Bangkok. Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

142 p.<br />

Palaraks V. Promchum J, Laohasiriwong S (1984) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> northeastern Thail<strong>and</strong>. Siripunt<br />

Offset Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Company, Khon Kaen, Thail<strong>and</strong>. 42 p.<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972, Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Puckridge D W, Chankasem L, Vongsaroj P, Thongbai P, Ch<strong>in</strong>awong S (1987) Effects of tillage<br />

<strong>and</strong> sow<strong>in</strong>g methods on control of wild <strong>rice</strong> Oryza rufipogon <strong>in</strong> deepwater <strong>rice</strong>. Paper<br />

presented at the International Deepwater Rice Workshop, 26-30 Oct 1987, Bangkok,<br />

Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Quadranti M. Rufence J, Zoschke A (1987) CGA 142,464: a new herbicide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

different <strong>rice</strong> production systems. Pages 117-128 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 11th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific<br />

Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.<br />

Robert G L (1982) Economic returns to <strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>in</strong> control of Mimosa pigra <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. IPPC<br />

Doc. 42-A-82. MCP Agricultural Economics Rep. 15. International Plant Protection Center,<br />

Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. 247 p.<br />

Robson T O (1 976) A review of the distribution of aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> the tropics <strong>and</strong> sub-tropics.<br />

Pages 25-30 <strong>in</strong> Aquatic weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. C.K. Varshney <strong>and</strong> J. Rzoska, eds., Junk,<br />

The Hague, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

Schiller J M, lndhaphun P (1979) Weed control studies <strong>in</strong> direct seeded upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 271-<br />

276 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 7th <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-<br />

Pacific Weed Science Society, Sydney, Australia.<br />

Senthong S (1986) The effects of weed control on yield <strong>and</strong> growth of direct seeded lowl<strong>and</strong><br />

<strong>rice</strong>. Pages 203-208 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the symposium <strong>in</strong> weed science. J.V. Pancho, S.S.<br />

Sastroutomo, <strong>and</strong> S. Tjitrosemito, eds., Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional Center for Tropical<br />

Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Smit<strong>in</strong><strong>and</strong> T, Larsen K, eds. (1970- ) Flora of Thail<strong>and</strong>. Applied Scientific Research Corporation<br />

of Thail<strong>and</strong>, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V, Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Suwatab<strong>and</strong>hu K (1950) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> paddy field <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Tech. Bull. 4. Department of<br />

Agriculture, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>. 21 p.<br />

Suwunnamek U (1983) Profile on weed management <strong>and</strong> related problems <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Report<br />

submitted to FAO Regional Centre for Southeast <strong>Asia</strong> <strong>in</strong> support of the Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course on<br />

Advanced Weed Control, 8-15 Dec 1983, Pr<strong>in</strong>ce of Songkhla University. Hat Yai, Songkhla,<br />

Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Suwunnamek U (1986) Present status of weed problems <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Pages 31-<br />

50 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the symposium <strong>in</strong> weed science. J.V. Pancho. S.S. Sastroutomo, <strong>and</strong><br />

S. Tjitrosemito, eds.. Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor,<br />

Indonesia.<br />

Teerawatsakul M (1981) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> paddy field <strong>and</strong> their control <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>. Pages 51-56 <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>Asia</strong>. FFTC Book Ser. 20. Food <strong>and</strong> Fertilizer Technology<br />

Center, Taipei, Ch<strong>in</strong>a.

350 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Van Rijn P J (1982) Report of a mission on FAO <strong>in</strong>ter-country programme for the development<br />

<strong>and</strong> application of <strong>in</strong>tegrated pest control for <strong>rice</strong> grow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>south</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>south</strong>-east <strong>Asia</strong> -<br />

establishment of weed control component. Food <strong>and</strong> Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Jakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Varamisra V (1976) The growth <strong>and</strong> cultural control of weeds <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. MA thesis, University of<br />

Sydney, Australia. 175 p.<br />

Vega M R. Paller E C Jr (1970) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> their control. Pages 147-170 <strong>in</strong> Rice production<br />

manual. Rev. ed. University of the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es College of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> International Rice<br />

Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

Vongsaroj P (1980) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> paddy field <strong>and</strong> their control. Lecture prepared for participants<br />

attend<strong>in</strong>g the Applied Crop Protection Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 1-30 Jun 1980, Department of<br />

Agricultural Extension, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Vongsaroj P (1982) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> paddy field <strong>and</strong> their control. Pages 189-193 <strong>in</strong> Weed science.<br />

Weed Science Society of Thail<strong>and</strong>, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Vongsaroj P (1984) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> (Central <strong>and</strong> Northeast Region). Pages 10-14 <strong>in</strong><br />

National Weed Science Research Institute Project. Suggested guide for weed control <strong>in</strong><br />

Thail<strong>and</strong> - 1984. Tech. Bull. 1. Department of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Vongsaroj P, Ch<strong>in</strong>awong S, Notaya A, Lekkum J (1987) Weed control <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented<br />

at a Sem<strong>in</strong>ar on Weed Biology <strong>and</strong> Weed Control <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>, 22-23 Jan 1987, Department<br />

of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Jaoan International Cooperation Agency, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>.<br />

Vongsaroj P, Puckridge D W, Ch<strong>in</strong>awong S, Chomvilai S (1987) Assessment of some weed<br />

control methods for deepwater <strong>rice</strong>. Paper presented at the International Deepwater Rice<br />

Workshop, 26-30 Oct 1987, Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong><br />

Vongsaroj P, Sangtong T, Notaya A (1981) Studies on the effectiveness of chemical control of<br />

Chara zeylanica KI. ex Willd. <strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong>. Pages 9-11 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 8th<br />

<strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific weed science conference. <strong>Asia</strong>n-Pacific Weed Science Society, Bangalore,<br />

India.<br />

Walter H (1982) Report about k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>and</strong> significance of weeds <strong>in</strong> plant production systems <strong>in</strong><br />

Thail<strong>and</strong> [<strong>in</strong> German]. Institute für Pflanzenproduktion <strong>in</strong> den Tropen und Subtropen, Uni-<br />

versität Hohenheim, Federal Republic of Germany. 63 p.<br />

Yongboonkird U (1975) Some weeds <strong>in</strong> paddy field [<strong>in</strong> Thai]. Department of Agriculture,<br />

Bangkok, Thail<strong>and</strong>. 67 p.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Vietnam.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

A butilon<br />

Family Culture<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (L.) Sweet<br />

Acalypha<br />

Malvaceae<br />

UPL<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

Euphorbiaceae UPL<br />

aspera L.<br />

Fabaceae (P) TPR,UPL<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Ageratum<br />

Fabaceae (P) TPR<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Alp<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

Asteraceae<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

conchigera Griff.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

Z<strong>in</strong>giberaceae NSP<br />

repens (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Amaranthaceae NSP<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

Amaranthaceae NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

Amaranthaceae UPL<br />

tricolor L.<br />

Amaranthaceae UPL<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

Amaranthaceae UPL<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae TPR,UPL<br />

auriculata Wild.<br />

Lythraceae<br />

NSP<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Lythraceae<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

multiflora Roxb.<br />

Amphilophis<br />

Lythraceae<br />

NSP<br />

glabra - see Bothriochloa bladhii Poaceae<br />

pertusa - see Bothriochloa<br />

pertusa<br />

Poaceae

352 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Aneilema<br />

nudiflorum - see Murdannia<br />

nudiflora<br />

versicolor Dalz.<br />

Aniseia<br />

mart<strong>in</strong>icensis (Jacq.) Choisy<br />

Aponogeton<br />

lakhonensis A. Camus<br />

rob<strong>in</strong>sonii A. Camus<br />

Azolla<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

floribunda (R. Br.) Wettst.<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>osperma - see B. auberti<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Bonnaya<br />

veronicaefolia Spreng.<br />

Borreria<br />

articularis (L.f.) F.N. Williams<br />

ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake<br />

pertusa (L.) A. Camus<br />

Brachiaria<br />

distachya (L.) Stapf<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

C alotis<br />

gaudichaudii Gagnep.<br />

Cardiospermum<br />

halicacabum L.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sap<strong>in</strong>daceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

NUR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cassia<br />

alata - see Senna alata<br />

lechenaultiana - see<br />

Chamaecrista mimosoides<br />

occidentalis - see Senna<br />

occidentalis<br />

tora - see Senna obtusifolia<br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Cenchrus<br />

<strong>in</strong>flexus R. Br.<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Centrolepis<br />

asiatica Merr. ex Gagnep.<br />

Centrostachys<br />

aquatica (R. Br.) Wall.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chamaecrista<br />

rnimosoides St<strong>and</strong>ley<br />

Chamaeraphis<br />

brunoniana - see Pseudoraphis<br />

brunoniana<br />

Chara<br />

sp.<br />

Chenopodium<br />

album L.<br />

ambrosioides L.<br />

Chloris<br />

barbata Sw.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L.<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Fabaceae. (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Centrolepidaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

WSR<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

VIETNAM 353<br />

NUR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL

354 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cladium<br />

mariscus (L.) Pohl<br />

Cladophora<br />

sp.<br />

Cleome<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra - see Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

viscosa L.<br />

Coix<br />

aquatica Roxb.<br />

Coldenia<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

communis - see C. diffusa<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

Conyza<br />

canadensis (L.) Cronq.<br />

Crepis<br />

japonica - see Youngia japonica<br />

Croton<br />

hirtus L’Her.<br />

Cudrania<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) Kudo &<br />

Masamune ex Sauer<br />

Cyanotis<br />

axillaris - see Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alternifolius - see C. flabelliformis<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

bancanus - see C. trialatus<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

castaneus Willd.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cladophoraceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Moraceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NUR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

difformis L.<br />

diffusus Vahl<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

flabelliformis Rottb.<br />

halpan L.<br />

haspan - see C. halpan<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

longus L.<br />

malaccensis Lam.<br />

nutans Vahl<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

platystylis R. Br.<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

pygmaeus Rottb.<br />

radians Nees & Mey.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

squarrosus L.<br />

tagetiformis Roxb.<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

trialatus (Boeck.) Kern<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Desmodium<br />

heterophyllum (Willd.) DC.<br />

Digitaria<br />

adscendens - see D. ciliaris<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

heteranthera (Hook. f.) Merr.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata - see D. ciliaris<br />

radicosa (Presl) Miq.<br />

timorensis - see D. radicosa<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae UPL<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

VIETNAM 355<br />

NUR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NUR

356 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>a (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Drosera<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Dysophylla<br />

globulosa Doan<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

colonum - see E. colona<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzicola - see E. phyllopogon<br />

phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss.<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>odorus<br />

ridleyi Steen<br />

Eclipta<br />

alba - see E. prostrata<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

attenuata (Fr. & Sav.) Palla<br />

caribea - see E. geniculata<br />

chaetaria - see E. retroflexa<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see E. dulcis<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

pellucida - see E. attenuata<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NUR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NUR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR,TPR<br />

TPR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eleocharis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

philipp<strong>in</strong>ensis Svens.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

coracana (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Poaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Emilia<br />

Poaceae<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Enhydrias<br />

Asteraceae<br />

angustifolia Ridl.<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

angustipetala - see Blyxa japonica<br />

Enteromorpha<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Grev.<br />

Enydra<br />

Ulvavaceae<br />

fluctuans Lour.<br />

Epaltes<br />

Asteraceae<br />

australis - see E. cunn<strong>in</strong>ghamii Asteraceae<br />

cunn<strong>in</strong>ghamii Benth.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

Asteraceae<br />

amabilis - see E. tenella<br />

Poaceae<br />

atrovirens (Desf.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud. Poaceae<br />

diplachnoides - see E.<br />

namaquensis<br />

Poaceae<br />

elongata Jacq.<br />

Poaceae<br />

japonica (Thunb.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Poaceae<br />

montana Balansa<br />

Poaceae<br />

namaquensis Schrad.<br />

Poaceae<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Poaceae<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

Eremochloa<br />

Poaceae<br />

ciliaris (L.) Merr.<br />

Eriachne<br />

Poaceae<br />

pallescens R. Br.<br />

Erigeron<br />

Poaceae<br />

canadensis - see Conyza<br />

canadensis<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

Asteraceae<br />

brownianum Mart.<br />

Eriocaulacese<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

VIETNAM 357<br />

NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP

358 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Eriocaulon (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

gracile Mart.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Eriochloa<br />

polystachya - see E. procera<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

ramosa - see E. procera<br />

Eupatorium<br />

odoratum - see Chromolaena<br />

odorata<br />

Euphorbia<br />

hirta L.<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

anisoclada Ohwi<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

diphylla - see F. dichotoma<br />

dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr.<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

griffithii Boeck.<br />

littoralis - see F. miliacea<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

nutans (Retz.) Vahl<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>a R. Br.<br />

tetragona R. Br.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

tristachya R. Br.<br />

umbellaria - see F. globulosa<br />

Flagellaria<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G eissaspis<br />

cristata Wight & Arn.<br />

Gisekia<br />

pharnacioides L.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Flagellariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

NUR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NUR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Gnaphalium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Grangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

Gymnopetalum<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Kurz<br />

Gynura<br />

p<strong>in</strong>natifida DC.<br />

H ackelochloa<br />

granularis (L.) O. K.<br />

Hedyotis<br />

herbacea L.<br />

Heliocharis<br />

equiset<strong>in</strong>a - see Eleocharis<br />

dulcis<br />

Heliotropium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocera<br />

angustifolia BI.<br />

Hydrocotyle<br />

rotundifolia - see H. sibthorpioides<br />

sibthorpioides Lam.<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

erecta (Burm. f.) Hochr.<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Geraniaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DIR<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

VIETNAM 359

360 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Hygrophila (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

phlomoides Nees<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Hygroryza<br />

aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight &<br />

Arn.<br />

Hypericum<br />

japonicum Thunb.<br />

Hyptis<br />

brevipes Poit.<br />

suaveolens (L.) Poit.<br />

l lysanthes<br />

antipoda - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

antipoda<br />

serrata - see L<strong>in</strong>dernia anagallis<br />

lmperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

Ipomoea<br />

angustifolia Jacq.<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

chryseides - see Merremia<br />

hederacea<br />

quamoclit L.<br />

lsachne<br />

australis - see I. himalaica<br />

ciliaris Boiv. ex A. Camus<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

himalaica Hook. f.<br />

lschaemum<br />

aristatum - see I. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

ciliare - see I. <strong>in</strong>dicum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

J uncellus<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us - see Cyperus serot<strong>in</strong>us<br />

Juncus<br />

prismatocarpus R. Br.<br />

Jussiaea<br />

erecta - see Ludwigia erecta<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hypericaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Juncaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Jussiaea (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia - see Ludwigia hyssopifolia Onagraceae<br />

repens - see Ludwigia adscendens Onagraceae<br />

suffruticosa - see Ludwigia Onagraceae<br />

octovalvis<br />

K yll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

brevifolia - see Cyperus brevifolius Cyperaceae<br />

monocephala - see Cyperus Cyperaceae<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

L agarosiphon<br />

roxburghii - see Necham<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

alternifolia<br />

Lantana<br />

camara L.<br />

Leersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L.<br />

Leptocarpus<br />

disjunctus Mast.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

filiformis (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Leucas<br />

aspera (Willd.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

hydrophyllum Griseb.<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Limnophila<br />

balsamea Benth.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osbeck.) Merr.<br />

geoffrayi Bonati<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Druce<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Restionaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

VIETNAM 361<br />

DIR,TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS<br />

NSP

362 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Limnophyton<br />

obtusifolium (L.) Miq.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

angustifolia - see L. aragattis<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

aragattis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

procumbens (Krock.) Philcox<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

microcephala (R. Br.) Kunth<br />

Lippia<br />

nodiflora - see Phyla nodiflora<br />

Lobelia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Lour.<br />

griffithii Hook. f. & Thoms.<br />

radicans - see L. ch<strong>in</strong>ensis<br />

Lophotocarpus<br />

guyanensis - see Sagittaria<br />

guayensis<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

erecta (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Mariscus<br />

compactus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

Marsilea<br />

crenata - see M. m<strong>in</strong>uta<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,WSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Mazus<br />

pumilus (Burm. f.) Steen.<br />

rugosus - see M. pumilus<br />

Mecopus<br />

nidulans Benn.<br />

Melastoma<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e D. Don<br />

polyanthum - see M. aff<strong>in</strong>e<br />

villosum Sims<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

corchorifolia - see M. concatenata<br />

Mentha<br />

arvensis L.<br />

Merremia<br />

hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

Mesona<br />

palustris BI.<br />

Mimosa<br />

<strong>in</strong>visa Mart. ex Colla<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mimulus<br />

orbicularis Wall.<br />

Mollugo<br />

pentaphylla L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

cyanea F. Muell.<br />

elata - see M. hastata var. elata<br />

hastata (L.) Solms<br />

hastata (L.) Solms var. elata<br />

(Ridl.) Back.<br />

ovata - see M. vag<strong>in</strong>alis<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Mor<strong>in</strong>da<br />

persicaefolia Buch.-Ham.<br />

Murdannia<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

VIETNAM 363<br />

NUR,TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP

364 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum Willd. Haloragaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>termedium - see M. <strong>in</strong>dicum Haloragaceae<br />

spicatum L. Haloragaceae<br />

N ajas<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Cham.<br />

malesiana De Wilde<br />

Nasturtium<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum - see Rorippa <strong>in</strong>dica Brassicaceae<br />

Necham<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

alternifolia (Roxb.) Thw. Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nelsonia<br />

campestris R. Br.<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Nitella<br />

sp.<br />

Characeae<br />

Nymphaea<br />

lotus L.<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

O cimum<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Oenanthe<br />

javanica (BI.) DC. Apiaceae<br />

stolonifera - see O. javanica Apiaceae<br />

Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia<br />

corymbosa - see Hedyotis Rubiaceae<br />

corymbosa<br />

Oplismenus<br />

burmanii (Retz.) P. Beauv. Poaceae<br />

Oryza<br />

fatua - see O. rufipogon, O. nivara, Poaceae<br />

O. sativa f. spontanea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl Poaceae<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry Poaceae<br />

rufipogon Griff. Poaceae<br />

LNS<br />

DSR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

DSR,TPR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Oryza (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

sativa var. fatua - see O. nivara,<br />

O. rufipogon, O. sativa<br />

f. spontanea<br />

Osbeckia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis L.<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis L.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Oxalis<br />

corniculata L.<br />

repens - see O. corniculata<br />

P aederia<br />

tomentosa BI.<br />

Panicum<br />

austroasiaticum - see P. walense<br />

bisulcatum Thunb.<br />

<strong>in</strong>comtum Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

maximum Jacq.<br />

montanum - see P. notatum<br />

notatum Retz.<br />

repens L.<br />

trichoides Sw.<br />

walense Mez<br />

Parthenium<br />

hysterophorus L.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

Paspalum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

distichum L.<br />

flavidum - see Paspalidium<br />

flavidum<br />

orbiculare - see P. scrobiculatum<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

urvillei Steud.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Passiflora<br />

foetida L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Passifloraceae<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

UPL<br />

VIETNAM 365

366 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Perotis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Phaseolus<br />

lathyroides - see Macroptilium<br />

lathryroides<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol.<br />

Phragmites<br />

karka (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

niruri - see P. fraternus<br />

Physalis<br />

angulata L.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Plantago<br />

major L.<br />

Pluchea<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Less.<br />

Pogostemon<br />

stellatus (Lour.) O.K.<br />

Polanisia<br />

icos<strong>and</strong>ra - see Cleome viscosa<br />

Polygonum<br />

barbatum L.<br />

lapathifolium L.<br />

orientale L.<br />

persicaria L.<br />

scabrum - see P. lapathifolium<br />

tomentosum Willd.<br />

Polytrias<br />

amaura (Buse) O.K.<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Philydraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Plantag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

DSR<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

UPL<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

brunoniana Griff.<br />

Pycreus<br />

polystachyos - see Cyperus<br />

polystachyos<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus - see Cyperus<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus<br />

R hynchospora<br />

aurea - see R. corymbosa<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

rubra (Lour.) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

submarg<strong>in</strong>ata Kuk.<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.)<br />

B. van Leeuwen<br />

densiflora (Roth) Koehne<br />

diversifolia Koehne<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

leptopetala - see R. rosea<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

ramosior - see R. catholica<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook<br />

Ruellia<br />

tuberosa L.<br />

Rungia<br />

parviflora Nees<br />

S accharum<br />

spontaneum L.<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (Willd.) Stapf<br />

myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

myurus (Lam.) A. Chase<br />

polymorpha (Balansa) A. Camus<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

VIETNAM 367<br />

NUR,TPR,UPL,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

DSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR

368 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayensis Kunth<br />

Alismataceae<br />

pygmaea Miq.<br />

Alismataceae<br />

sagittifolia - see S. trifolia Alismataceae<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salmonia<br />

Alismataceae<br />

cantoniensis Lour.<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

oblongifolia DC.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

Scirpus<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

articulatus L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

ciliaris - see Fuirena ciliaris Cyperaceae<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

maritimus L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

squarrosus L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

wallichii Nees<br />

Scleria<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

bancana Miq.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

biflora Roxp.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

levis Retz.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

lithosperma (L.) Sw.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

oblata S.T.Blake<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

rugosa R. Br.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

tessellata Willd.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Scutellaria<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Senna<br />

alata (L.) Roxb.<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

occidentalis (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Sesbania<br />

sp.<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

TPR,WSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

DSR,TPR,WSR

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Sesuvium<br />

portulacastrum (L.) L.<br />

Setaria<br />

aurea Hochst.<br />

barbata (Lam.) Kunth<br />

pallide-fusca - see S. pumila<br />

palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

viridis (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

Siegesbeckia<br />

orientalis L.<br />

Sonchus<br />

oleraceus L.<br />

Sorghum<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e - see S. prop<strong>in</strong>quum<br />

prop<strong>in</strong>quum (Kunth) Hitch.<br />

Spermacoce<br />

hispida - see Borreria articularis<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

Sphaeromariscus<br />

microcephalus - see Cyperus<br />

compactus<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spirodela<br />

sp.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

humilis Presl<br />

Struchium<br />

sparganophorum (L.) O.K.<br />

Stylidium<br />

tenellum Sw.<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Stylidaceae<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

LNS<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

TPR<br />

LNS<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

NSP<br />

VIETNAM 369

370 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Synedrella<br />

nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.<br />

T araxacum<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>ale Wiggers<br />

Torenia<br />

polygonoides Benth.<br />

Trianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.<br />

Tridax<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Typha<br />

angustifolia L.<br />

Typhonium<br />

trilobatum (L.) Schott<br />

U rena<br />

lobata L.<br />

Urochloa<br />

panicoides P. Beauv.<br />

Utricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

bifida L.<br />

flexuosa - see U. aurea<br />

punctata Wall. ex A. DC.<br />

stellaris L.f.<br />

V ernonia<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis - see V. patula<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

patula (Dry<strong>and</strong>.) Merr.<br />

Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides (L.) Nash<br />

Vitex<br />

sp.<br />

Vossia<br />

cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff.<br />

W ahlenbergia<br />

marg<strong>in</strong>ata (Thunb.) DC.<br />

Waltheria<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Campanulaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

LNS,UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

DSR,TPR<br />

NSP<br />

DSR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

UPL<br />

NSP<br />

TPR<br />

NSP<br />

UPL

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Culture<br />

Wolffia<br />

sp.<br />

X yris<br />

Lemnaceae LNS<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L. Xyridaceae TPR<br />

Y oungia<br />

japonica (L.) DC. Asteraceae UPL<br />

Z ornia<br />

diphylla (L.) Pers. Fabaceae (P) NSP<br />

References for weeds <strong>reported</strong> to occur <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> Vietnam.<br />

VIETNAM 371<br />

Cung H A (1981) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>in</strong> some crops <strong>and</strong> procedures to control them. Ph D thesis,<br />

Agricultural Scientific Technological Institute. Hanoi, Vietnam.<br />

D<strong>in</strong>h Van Cu, Nguyen Thi Nga (1984) Weed control efficiency of weedicide (10% granular<br />

Saturn) <strong>in</strong> the direct seeded <strong>rice</strong>. [<strong>in</strong> Vietnamese, English abstract]. Pages 27-31 <strong>in</strong> 1978-<br />

1983 Report. Food Crop Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Kühn U, Hämet-Ahti L, Cook C D K, Faden R, Speda F (1982) Monocot weeds 3.<br />

Monocot weeds exclud<strong>in</strong>g grasses. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 132 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1980) Grass weeds 1. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamily Panicoideae. Ciba-Geigy<br />

Ltd.. Basle, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 142 p.<br />

Häfl<strong>in</strong>ger E, Scholz H (1981) Grass weeds 2. <strong>Weeds</strong> of the subfamilies Chloridoideae, Pooideae,<br />

Oryzoideae. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basle. Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 137 p.<br />

Ho-M<strong>in</strong>h-Si (1969) <strong>Weeds</strong> of South Vietnam. M<strong>in</strong>istry of L<strong>and</strong> Reform <strong>and</strong> Development of<br />

Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Fisheries, Agriculture Research Institute. Saigon, Vietnam.<br />

Ho-M<strong>in</strong>h-Si, Cu-Nhan, Giao-Khoa, Van-Vat (1974) <strong>Weeds</strong> of South Vietnam [<strong>in</strong> Vietnamese].<br />

Vietnam Cong-Hoa, Vien Khao-Cuu, Nong-Nghiep, Saigon, Vietnam. 184 p.<br />

Lecomte H (1907-1951) General flora of lndo-ch<strong>in</strong>a [<strong>in</strong> French]. Masson et Cie, Paris.<br />

Lecomte H, Tardieu-blot M L, eds. (1960- ). Flora of Cambodia, Laos <strong>and</strong> Vietnam [<strong>in</strong> French].<br />

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.<br />

Nguyen-Thi Thu Cac (1982) New weed hosts of <strong>rice</strong> stem nematode identified <strong>in</strong> Vietnam. Int.<br />

Rice Res. Newsl. 7(3):15.<br />

Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1973) Weed flora <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong> field <strong>in</strong> South Vietnam. Pages 155-161 <strong>in</strong><br />

Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 2d Indonesian Weed Science Conference, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<br />

Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1974) Some aspects of the autecology of Salv<strong>in</strong>ia spp. Paper presented at<br />

the Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Workshop on Aquatic <strong>Weeds</strong>, 25-29 Jun 1974, Malang, Indonesia<br />

Pancho J V (1972) Common weeds <strong>in</strong> lowl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> fields of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Lecture presented at<br />

the 2d Weed Science Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Course, 24 Apr-27 May 1972, Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>n Regional<br />

Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Pancho J V, Soerjani M (1978) Aquatic weeds of <strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. National Publish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Cooperative Inc., Quezon City, Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. 130 p.<br />

Pham-Hoang Ho (1970) An illustrated flora of South Vietnam [<strong>in</strong> Vietnamese]. Vol 1. Education<br />

Center, M<strong>in</strong>istry of Education, Saigon, Vietnam. 1115 p.<br />

Pham-Hoang Ho (1972) An illustrated flora of South Vietnam [<strong>in</strong> Vietnamese]. Vol. 2. Education<br />

Center, M<strong>in</strong>istry of Education, Saigon, Vietnam. 1139 p.<br />

Pham-Hoang-Ho, Thai-Cong-Tung (1974) The Mekong Delta: its environment <strong>and</strong> its problems.<br />

M<strong>in</strong>istry of Agriculture, Vietnam.<br />

Phung Dang Ch<strong>in</strong>, Duong Huu Tuyen. Le Truong (1978) <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> weed control [<strong>in</strong><br />

Vietnamese]. Nha Xuat Ban, Nong-Nghiep. Saigon, Vietnam. 339 p.

372 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Soerjani M, Pancho J V. Nguyen-Van-Vuong (1975) Aquatic weed problems <strong>and</strong> control <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>south</strong>east <strong>Asia</strong>. Hyac<strong>in</strong>th Control J. 13:2-3.<br />

Ton That Tr<strong>in</strong>h (1972) Chemicals/herbicides for weed<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Saigon, Vietnam. 175 p.<br />

[<strong>in</strong> Vietnamese]. Nong-Nghiep,<br />

Van Steenis C G C J (1950- ) Flora Malesiana. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V.. Jakarta, Indonesia.

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> deep-water <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> some<br />

countries <strong>in</strong> South <strong>and</strong><br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

A eschynomene<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Azolla<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

C eratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Chara<br />

sp.<br />

zeylanica Willd.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

Cyperus<br />

difformis L.<br />

iria L.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

rotundus L.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

BAN<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

BAN<br />

BAN,IND,THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,THA<br />

BAN,IND,THA<br />

BAN,IND,THA

374 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Eleocharis<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Enydra<br />

fluctuans Lour.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

H ydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hygroryza<br />

aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight &<br />

Arn.<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong><br />

I pomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

gracilis R. Br.<br />

lschaemum<br />

barbatum Retz.<br />

rugosurn Salisb.<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

trisulca L.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

M elochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

BAN,IND<br />

BAN,THA<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,IND<br />

BAN<br />

BAN,THA<br />

BAN,IND,THA<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,THA<br />

BAN<br />

THA<br />

BAN<br />

THA<br />

BAN

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

spicatum L.<br />

N ajas<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or All.<br />

Necham<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

alternifolia (Roxb.) Thw.<br />

Nelumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Nitella<br />

sp.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

O ryza<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

P anicum<br />

cambogiense Balansa<br />

dichotomiflorum (L.) Michx.<br />

Paspalum<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Potamogeton<br />

crispus L.<br />

S agittaria<br />

sp.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

natans (L.) All.<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

Sesbania<br />

bisp<strong>in</strong>osa (Jacq.) Wight<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

DEEP-WATER RICE 375<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN,THA<br />

BAN,THA<br />

BAN,THA<br />

BAN<br />

THA<br />

BAN<br />

BAN,IND,THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN

376 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Sesbania (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

cannab<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) Poir.<br />

javanica Miq.<br />

Setaria<br />

laxa Merr.<br />

Spirogyra<br />

longata (Vaucher) Kuetz.<br />

sp.<br />

T yphonium<br />

divaricatum (L.) Decne<br />

U tricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

V allisneria<br />

spiralis L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Zygnemataceae<br />

Zygnemataceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

THA<br />

BAN<br />

BAN<br />

Vossia<br />

cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff. Poaceae BAN

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> dry-seeded <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> some<br />

countries <strong>in</strong> South <strong>and</strong><br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

A chyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Griseb.<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

auriculata Willd.<br />

baccifera L.<br />

B acopa<br />

rotundifolia Wettst.<br />

Blumea<br />

virens DC.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

SRI<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,THA<br />

BAN,PHI,THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,SRI,PHI,THA<br />

IND,SRI,THA<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND

378 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Borreria<br />

laevis (Lam.) Griseb.<br />

Brachiaria<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

ramosa (L.) Stapf<br />

reptans (L.) Gard. & C.E. Hubb.<br />

C alopogonium<br />

mucunoides Desv.<br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Centrosema<br />

pubescens Benth.<br />

Chamaecrista<br />

mimosoides St<strong>and</strong>ley<br />

Chara<br />

zeylanica Willd.<br />

Chloris<br />

barbata Sw.<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L.<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Chrozophora<br />

rottleri (Geisel) A. Juss. ex Spreng.<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Cleome<br />

chelidonii L.f.<br />

rutidosperma DC.<br />

viscosa L.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

Convolvulus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

Corchorus<br />

aestuans L.<br />

olitorius L.<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Characeae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,THA,PHI<br />

BAN,IND,PHI,THA<br />

PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND,PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Crotalaria<br />

juncea L.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quefolia L.<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

aromaticus (Ridl.) Mattf. & Kuk.<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us (Retz.) Valck. Sur.<br />

difformis L.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

iria L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

rotundus L.<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Digera<br />

muricata (L.) Mart.<br />

Digitaria<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

compacta (Roth ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.) Veldk.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

D<strong>in</strong>ebra<br />

retroflexa (Vahl) Panzer<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

DRY-SEEDED RICE 379<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,IND,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA<br />

MAL<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

THA<br />

SRI,THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

IND,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI,THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI

380 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

picta (Koen.) Michael<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eclipta<br />

erecta L.<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

ciliaris (L.) R. Br.<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex<br />

Steud.<br />

Eriochloa<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Euphorbia<br />

hirta L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangularis (Vahl) Kunth<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

G naphalium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Gomphrena<br />

decumbens Jacq.<br />

H edyotis<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

BAN,IND,THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,THA<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

SRI<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI,THA

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Heteranthera<br />

limosa (Sw.) Willd.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hygrophila<br />

auriculata (Schum.) He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

quadrivalis Nees<br />

Hygroryza<br />

aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight &<br />

Arn.<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong><br />

Hyptis<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

l mperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

Ipomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

hederacea (L.) Jacq.<br />

pes-tigridis L.<br />

triloba L.<br />

lsachne<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

lschaemum<br />

barbatum Retz.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

timorense Kunth<br />

J usticia<br />

simplex D. Don<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Lemna<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L.<br />

Leonurus<br />

sibiricus L.<br />

Family Country<br />

Pontederiaceae IND<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

DRY-SEEDED RICE 381<br />

IND<br />

SRI<br />

THA<br />

BAN<br />

BAN,THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI,SRI<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,PHI<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

BAN,MAL,THA<br />

THA<br />

BAN

382 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Limnophila<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Druce<br />

repens (Benth.) Benth.<br />

Lobelia<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Malachra<br />

fasciata Jacq.<br />

Malvastrum<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>elianum (L.) Garcke<br />

Marsilea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

Merremia<br />

hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Mimosa<br />

<strong>in</strong>visa Mart. ex Colla<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mollugo<br />

pentaphylla L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Murdannia<br />

nudiflora (L,) Brenan<br />

Poaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

BAN,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,MAL,THA<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

MAL,THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI,THA<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,IND,PHI<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

spicatum L.<br />

N elumbo<br />

nucifera Gaertn.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

O ryza<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

ridleyi Hook. f.<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

P anicum<br />

cambogiense Balansa<br />

repens L.<br />

Paspalum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

distichum L.<br />

fasciculatum Willd. ex Fluegge<br />

notatum Fluegge<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Peperomia<br />

pellucida (L.) Kunth<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

Physalis<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Polygonum<br />

barbatum L.<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Nelumbonaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Piperaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

DRY-SEEDED RICE 383<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,THA<br />

THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

VIE<br />

THA<br />

BAN,IND,VIE<br />

VI E<br />

THA<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND,THA<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,MAL<br />

BAN,THA,VIE<br />

THA

384 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

R hynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

rubra (Lour.) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

Ric<strong>in</strong>us<br />

communis L.<br />

Rotala<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D.<br />

Clayton<br />

S agittaria<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Scleria<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

Senna<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

Sesbania<br />

bisp<strong>in</strong>osa (Jacq.) Wight<br />

exaltata (Raf.) Cory<br />

javanica Miq.<br />

sp.<br />

Setaria<br />

laxa Merr.<br />

geniculata (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

IND,PHI<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

THA<br />

PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,THA<br />

MAL,THA<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

BAN,THA<br />

VIE<br />

BAN<br />

THA

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

senegalensis DC.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spilanthes<br />

paniculata Wall. ex DC.<br />

Striga<br />

densiflora Benth.<br />

Synedrella<br />

nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.<br />

T orenia<br />

concolor L<strong>in</strong>dl.<br />

Trianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

Tridax<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Triumfetta<br />

lappula L.<br />

Typha<br />

elephant<strong>in</strong>a Roxb.<br />

U rochloa<br />

panicoides P. Beauv.<br />

Utricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

punctata Wall. ex A. DC.<br />

V ernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

Vicia<br />

sativa L.<br />

Vigna<br />

trilobata (L.) Verdc.<br />

Vossia<br />

cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff.<br />

X yris<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Typhaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

DRY-SEEDED RICE 385<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

MAL,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

MAL,PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

MAL,THA,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

THA

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> transplanted <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> some<br />

countries <strong>in</strong> South <strong>and</strong><br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

A butilon<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (L.) Sweet<br />

Achyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Aerva<br />

lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

americana L.<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Alisma<br />

plantago-aquatica L.<br />

Allmania<br />

nodiflora (L.) R. Br. ex Wight<br />

Alternanthera<br />

ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Griseb.<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

monolifer DC.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND

388 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae BAN,IND,VIE<br />

Ammannia<br />

auriculata Willd.<br />

baccifera L.<br />

cocc<strong>in</strong>ea Rottb.<br />

multiflora Roxb.<br />

nodiflora R. Br.<br />

oct<strong>and</strong>ra L.f.<br />

pygmaea Kurz<br />

senegalensis Lam.<br />

Anagallis<br />

arvensis L.<br />

Andrographis<br />

echioides Nees<br />

Aneilema<br />

hamiltonianum Wall.<br />

Apluda<br />

mutica L.<br />

Aponogeton<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>atum Roxb.<br />

natans (L.) Engl. & Kr.<br />

Arund<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

leptochloa (Nees) Hook. f.<br />

Atriplex<br />

hortensis L.<br />

Axonopus<br />

compressus (Sw.) Beauv.<br />

Azolla<br />

filiculoides Lam.<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B acopa<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

Bergia<br />

ammannioides Roxb.<br />

capensis L.<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Primulaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,THA

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Bidens<br />

pilosa L.<br />

Biophytum<br />

sensitivum (L.) DC.<br />

Blepharis<br />

mollug<strong>in</strong>ifolia Pers.<br />

Blumea<br />

bifoliata (L.) DC.<br />

lacera (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

Blyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

Boerhavia<br />

diffusa L.<br />

erecta L.<br />

Bonnaya<br />

veronicaefolia Spreng.<br />

Borreria<br />

articularis (L.f.) F.N. Williams<br />

ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

setidens (Miq.) Bold.<br />

stricta (L.f.) G.F.N. Mey.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

pertusa (L.) A. Camus<br />

Brachiaria<br />

eruciformis (J.E. Sm.) Griseb.<br />

miliiformis (Presl) A. Chase<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

paspaloides (Presl) C.E. Hubb.<br />

platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash<br />

ramosa (L.) Stapf<br />

reptans (L.) Gard. & C.E. Hubb.<br />

Briza<br />

sp.<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 389<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

MAL,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,VIE

390 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

C aesulia<br />

axillaris Roxb.<br />

Canscora<br />

decussata Schult.<br />

Cassia<br />

auriculata L.<br />

Catharanthus<br />

pusillus (Murr.) G. Don<br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Centipeda<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers.<br />

Cerastium<br />

glomeratum Thuill.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chara<br />

globularis Thuill.<br />

gymnopitys Brann.<br />

sp.<br />

vulgaris L.<br />

zeylanica Willd.<br />

Chenopodium<br />

murale L.<br />

Chloris<br />

barbata Sw.<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Cleome<br />

viscosa L.<br />

Cocc<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica Wight & Arn.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Apocynaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Characeae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,VIE<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family country<br />

Coelachne<br />

simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex<br />

Steud.) Munro ex Benth.<br />

Coix<br />

gigantea Koen. ex Roxb.<br />

Coldenia<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Colocasia<br />

esculenta (L.) Schott<br />

sp.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

hasskarlii C.B. Clarke<br />

longifolia Lam.<br />

Convolvulus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

sc<strong>in</strong>dicus Stocks<br />

Conyza<br />

ambigua L.<br />

Corchorus<br />

aestuans L.<br />

antichorus Raeuschel<br />

capsularis L.<br />

olitorius L.<br />

trilocularis L.<br />

Cr<strong>in</strong>um<br />

latifolium L.<br />

Crotalaria<br />

medicag<strong>in</strong>ea Lam.<br />

Croton<br />

sparsiflorus Morong<br />

Cucumis<br />

trigonus Roxb.<br />

Cum<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>um<br />

cym<strong>in</strong>um L.<br />

Cyanotis<br />

cucullata Kunth<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Amaryllidaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 391<br />

IND<br />

SRI<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,PHI<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND

392 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cyathula<br />

prostrata (L.) BI.<br />

Cymbopogon<br />

citratus (DC.) Stapf<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

alulatus Kern<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

castaneus Willd.<br />

cephalotes Vahl<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

corymbosus Rottb.<br />

cuspidatus Kunth<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us (Retz.) Valck. Sur.<br />

cyperoides (L.) O.K.<br />

diaphanus Schrader ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

difformis L.<br />

diffusus Vahl<br />

digitatus Roxb.<br />

distans L.f.<br />

elatus L.<br />

erythrorhizos Muhl.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

exaltus Retz.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

halpan L.<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

luzulae Rottb. ex Willd.<br />

malaccensis Lam.<br />

microiria Steud.<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BHU,IDO,IND,<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,VIE<br />

BRU<br />

BRU,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

niveus Retz.<br />

odoratus L.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

pumilus L.<br />

pygmaeus Rottb.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

serot<strong>in</strong>us C.B. Clarke<br />

sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kuk.<br />

stoloniferus Retz.<br />

strigosus L.<br />

tagetiformis Roxb.<br />

tegetum Roxb.<br />

tenuispica Steud.<br />

trialatus (Boeck.) Kern<br />

Cyrtococcum<br />

patens (L.) A. Camus<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Dentella<br />

repens (L.) Forst.<br />

Desrnodium<br />

heterophyllum (Willd.) DC.<br />

microphyllum (Thunb.) DC.<br />

triflorum (L.) DC.<br />

Dichanthium<br />

annulaturn (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

Digera<br />

muricata (L.) Mart.<br />

Digitaria<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

compacta (Roth ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.) Veldk.<br />

ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex<br />

Muehl.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 393<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,VIE<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO<br />

BHU,BRU,IDO,IND,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO<br />

BAN<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,THA,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BRU,IDO,IND

394 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Diplachne<br />

fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

Drymaria<br />

cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var<br />

austro-japonensis Ohwi<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss.<br />

picta (Koen.) Michael<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eclipta<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

azurea (Sw.) Kunth<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>e<br />

tri<strong>and</strong>ra Schk.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.<br />

atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Elat<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BRU,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IDO;PHI,THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,SRI<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

I DO<br />

MAL,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Eleocharis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

obtusa (Willd.) Schult.<br />

palustris (L.) R. Br.<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

variegata (Poir.) Presl<br />

wolfii Gray<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Elytrophorus<br />

spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus<br />

Emilia<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Enhydrias<br />

angustifolia Ridl.<br />

Enterornorpha<br />

<strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Grev.<br />

Enydra<br />

fluctuans Lour.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

cilianensis (All.) Lut. ex F.T. Hubb.<br />

ciliaris (L.) R. Br.<br />

gangetica (Roxb.) Steud.<br />

japonica (Thunb.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

nigra Nees ex Steud.<br />

pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

viscosa (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Erechtites<br />

valerianaefolia DC.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

brownianum Mart.<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

gracile Mart.<br />

luzulaefolium Mart.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangulare L.<br />

setaceum L.<br />

sexangulare L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 395<br />

BRU,VIE<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

IDO,MAL,VIE<br />

MAL<br />

IDO<br />

Poaceae BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Ulvavaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,VIE<br />

MAL,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND

396 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Eriocaulon (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

sollyanum Royle<br />

truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart.<br />

Eriochloa<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Euphorbia<br />

hirta L.<br />

hypericifolia L.<br />

microphylla Heyne ex Roth<br />

prostrata Ait.<br />

pulcherrima Willd.<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

Evolvulus<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides (L.) L.<br />

nummularius (L.) L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

aestivalis Vahl<br />

albicans Nees<br />

complanata (Retz.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

falcata (Vahl) Kunth<br />

ferrug<strong>in</strong>ea (L.) Vahl<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangularis (Vahl) Kunth<br />

schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>a R. Br.<br />

sp.<br />

tenera Roem. & Schult.<br />

tomentosa Vahl<br />

Flaveria<br />

australasica Hook.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G al<strong>in</strong>soga<br />

parviflora Cav.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,THA,VIE<br />

IND,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND<br />

IDO<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

MAL,PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

BAN,BHU,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

BRU<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Gisekia<br />

pharnacioides L.<br />

Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

Gnaphalium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

luteo-album L.<br />

pulv<strong>in</strong>atum Del.<br />

Gomphrena<br />

decumbens Jacq.<br />

Grangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

Gratiola<br />

juncea Roxb.<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

H edyotis<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

diffusa L.<br />

paniculata (L.) Lam.<br />

umbellata (L.) Lam.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

strigosum (L.) Willd.<br />

Hemarthria<br />

compressa (L.f.) R. Br.<br />

Heteranthera<br />

limosa (Sw.) Willd.<br />

Heteropogon<br />

contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex<br />

Roem. & Schult.<br />

Hibiscus<br />

trionum L.<br />

Hoppea<br />

dichotoma Willd.<br />

Hydrilla<br />

verticillata (L.f.) Royle<br />

Hydrocotyle<br />

sibthorpioides Lam.<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 397<br />

VI E<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

I DO, MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,VIE<br />

IDO

398 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Hydrolea<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa L. Hydrophyllaceae<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl Hydrophyllaceae<br />

Hygrophila<br />

auriculata (Schum.) He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

difformis (L.f.) BI.<br />

phlomoides Nees<br />

salicifolia (Vahl) Nees<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Hygroryza<br />

aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight & Poaceae<br />

Arn.<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong> Poaceae<br />

Hypochoeris<br />

radicata L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Hyptis<br />

brevipes Poit.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

l mperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel Poaceae<br />

lndigofera<br />

trifoliata L.<br />

Ipomoea<br />

angustifolia Jacq.<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

carnea Jacq.<br />

maxima (L.f.) Sweet<br />

pes-tigridis L.<br />

triloba L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

lsachne<br />

dispar Tr<strong>in</strong>. Poaceae<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K. Poaceae<br />

himalaica Hook. f. Poaceae<br />

pulchella Roth ex Roem. & Schult. Poaceae<br />

lschaemum<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr. Poaceae<br />

muticum L. Poaceae<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL<br />

BAN<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

VIE<br />

MAL,SRI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

THA,VIE<br />

MAL,SRI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

lschaemum (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

pilosum (Kle<strong>in</strong> ex Willd.) Wight Poaceae<br />

polystachyum Presl Poaceae<br />

rugosum Salisb. Poaceae<br />

timorense Kunth Poaceae<br />

lseilema<br />

laxum Hack. Poaceae<br />

prostratum (L.) Anderss. Poaceae<br />

lsoetes<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica P. & S. lsoetaceae<br />

J uncus<br />

prismatocarpus R. Br. Juncaceae<br />

Justicia<br />

diffusa Willd. Acanthaceae<br />

procumbens L. Acanthaceae<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>queangularis Konig ex Roxb. Acanthaceae<br />

simplex D. Don Acanthaceae<br />

L agascea<br />

mollis Cav.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lasia<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa (L.) Thw.<br />

Araceae<br />

Launaea<br />

asplenifolia (DC.) Hook. f. Asteraceae<br />

Leersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemna<br />

aequ<strong>in</strong>oltialis Welw.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>or L.<br />

trisulca L.<br />

Leonurus<br />

sibiricus L.<br />

Lepidagathis<br />

cristata Willd.<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Lepironia<br />

articulata (Retz.) Dom<strong>in</strong> Cyperaceae<br />

Leptadenia<br />

reticulata Wight Asclepiadaceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 399<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

BAN,BRU,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

BAN,IND<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

IND

400 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

filiformis (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Leucas<br />

aspera (Wild.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

capitata Desf.<br />

ciliata Benth.<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia (Roth) Spreng.<br />

Limnanthemum<br />

hydrophyllum Griseb.<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

Limnophila<br />

aquatica (Roxb.) Alston<br />

erecta Benth.<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Druce<br />

micrantha (Benth.) Benth.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

hyssopioides (L.) Ha<strong>in</strong>es<br />

parviflora (Roxb.) Ha<strong>in</strong>es<br />

procumbens (Krock.) Philcox<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Lobelia<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

decurrens Walt.<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

Family<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Country<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,MAL,THA<br />

IND<br />

I DO<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,THA<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,VIE<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Ludwigia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb<br />

Marsilea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Mazus<br />

japonicus (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

pumilus (Burm. f.) Steen.<br />

Melastoma<br />

malabathricum L.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

Melothria<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Cogn.<br />

Merremia<br />

emarg<strong>in</strong>ata (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mimulus<br />

orbicularis Wall.<br />

Mollugo<br />

cerviana (L.) Ser.<br />

pentaphylla L.<br />

Monochoria<br />

hastata Presl<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

Muhlenbergia<br />

huegelii Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Murdannia<br />

keisak (Hassk.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Mass.<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 401<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

BAN,IND,PHI<br />

IDO,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IND,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,VIE<br />

BRU<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

BAN,BRU,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND

402 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Murdannia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

spirata (L.) Bruckn.<br />

Myriophyllum<br />

aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum Willd.<br />

spicatum L.<br />

tuberculatum Roxb.<br />

N ajas<br />

gram<strong>in</strong>ea Del.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Cham.<br />

Necham<strong>and</strong>ra<br />

alternifolia (Roxb.) Thw.<br />

Neptunia<br />

oleracea Lour.<br />

Nitella<br />

sp.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

lotus L.<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

O enanthe<br />

javanica (BI.) DC.<br />

Oplismenus<br />

burmanii (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Oryza<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

ridleyi Hook. f.<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Haloragaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Najadaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Characeae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

BAN,BRU,IDO,IND,<br />

MAL,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,VtE<br />

BAN,IND,VIE<br />

MAL<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,THA<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,THA,<br />

VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Oxalis<br />

acetosella L.<br />

corniculata L.<br />

europaea Jord.<br />

P anicum<br />

antidotale Retz.<br />

auritum Presl ex Nees<br />

brevifolium L.<br />

dichotomiflorum (L.) Michx.<br />

psilopodium Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

repens L.<br />

trypheron Schult.<br />

walense Mez<br />

Parapholis<br />

<strong>in</strong>curva (L.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Parthenium<br />

hysterophorus L.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

punctatum (Burm.) A. Camus<br />

Paspalum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

distichum L.<br />

fasciculatum Willd. ex Fluegge<br />

longifolium Roxb.<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Pennisetum<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Perotis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Philydrum<br />

lanug<strong>in</strong>osum Banks & Sol.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Philydraceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 403<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,VIE<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

BRU,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,SRI,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

BRU,IND,MAL,PHI<br />

BHU,IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

BAN,lND<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

VIE

404 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

amarus Schum. & Thonn.<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

maderaspatensis L.<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L.<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Physalis<br />

angulata L.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Pluchea<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Less.<br />

tomentosa Less.<br />

Polycarpon<br />

prostratum Pax.<br />

Polygala<br />

paniculata L.<br />

Polygonum<br />

barbatum L.<br />

glabrum Willd.<br />

hydropiper L.<br />

microcephalum D. Don<br />

m<strong>in</strong>us Huds.<br />

nepalense Meissn.<br />

persicaria L.<br />

plebeium R. Br.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>um Ham. ex Meissn.<br />

tomentosum Willd.<br />

Polytrias<br />

amaura (Buse) O.K.<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

Potamogeton<br />

dist<strong>in</strong>ctus A. Benn.<br />

nodosus Poir.<br />

oblongus Viv.<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Potamogetonaceae<br />

Country<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

BAN<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Pseudelephantopus<br />

spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F.<br />

Baker<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

brunoniana Griff.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickery<br />

R hynchelytrum<br />

repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Rhynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

rubra (Lour.) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

Richardsonia<br />

pilosa Kunth<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.)<br />

B. van Leeuwen<br />

densiflora (Roth) Koehne<br />

diversifolia Koehne<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

mexicana Cham. & Schlecht.<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Blatt. & Hallb.<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook<br />

rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D.<br />

Clayton<br />

Rumex<br />

dentatus L.<br />

Rungia<br />

repens (L.) Nees<br />

S accharum<br />

sp.<br />

spontaneum L.<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (Willd.) Stapf<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Polygonaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 405<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

MAL,PHI<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,VIE<br />

IDO

406 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Sacciolepis (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

myurus (Lam.) A. Chase Poaceae<br />

polymorpha (Balansa) A. Camus Poaceae<br />

Sagittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

Alismataceae<br />

trifolia L. Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

cucullata Roxb. ex Bory Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

natans (L.) All.<br />

Scirpus<br />

acutus Muhl.<br />

articulatus L.<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

juncoides Roxb. Cyperaceae<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

litoralis Schrad.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

mucronatus L. Cyperaceae<br />

roylei (Nees) Parker<br />

squarrosus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Scleria<br />

bancana Miq.<br />

poaeformis Retz.<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Scutellaria<br />

discolor Colebr.<br />

Secamone<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

emetica F. Muell.<br />

Senna<br />

Asclepiadaceae<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby Fabaceae (C)<br />

occidentalis (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k Fabaceae (C)<br />

MAL,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

I DO, IN D, MAL,THA<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI, VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND<br />

BAN<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,THA<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

VI E<br />

VI E<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Sesbania<br />

bisp<strong>in</strong>osa (Jacq.) Wight<br />

cannab<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) Poir.<br />

exaltata (Raf.) Cory<br />

javanica Miq.<br />

sesban (L.) Merr.<br />

sp.<br />

Setaria<br />

palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf<br />

pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

viridis (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

cordifolia L.<br />

rhombifolia L.<br />

Solanum<br />

xanthocarpum Schrad. & W<strong>in</strong>dl.<br />

Sonchus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

asper (L.) Hill<br />

Sorghum<br />

bicolor (L.) Moench<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Spigelia<br />

anthelmia L.<br />

Spilanthes<br />

calva DC.<br />

iabadicensis A.H. Moore<br />

paniculata Wall. ex DC.<br />

Spirodela<br />

polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.<br />

Spirogyra<br />

longata (Vaucher) Kuetz.<br />

sp.<br />

Family Country<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Loganiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Zygnemataceae<br />

Zygnemataceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 407<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

BAN<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

BAN,PHI

408 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Sporobolus<br />

africanus (Poir.) Rob. & Tourn. Poaceae<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv. Poaceae<br />

poiretti (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc. Poaceae<br />

tremulus (Willd.) Kunth<br />

Poaceae<br />

Stellaria<br />

als<strong>in</strong>e Grimm<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Stemodia<br />

viscosa Roxb.<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Synedrella<br />

nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

T enagocharis<br />

latifolia (D. Don) Buch.<br />

Butomaceae<br />

Tephrosia<br />

purpurea (L.) Pers.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Thaumastochloa<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) C.E. Poaceae<br />

Hubb.<br />

Themeda<br />

sp.<br />

Poaceae<br />

villosa (Poir.) A. Camus<br />

Poaceae<br />

Torenia<br />

parviflora Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. Scrophulariaceae<br />

violacea (Azaola ex Blanco) Scrophulariaceae<br />

Pennell<br />

Trianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Tridax<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Triumfetta<br />

rhomboidea Jacq.<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

U rena<br />

lobata L.<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Urochloa<br />

panicoides P. Beauv.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Utricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

exoleta R. Br.<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IND,MAL,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Utricularia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

pilosa (Mak<strong>in</strong>o) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

stellaris L.f.<br />

V ahlia<br />

digyna (Retz.) O.K.<br />

Vallisneria<br />

spiralis L.<br />

V<strong>and</strong>ellia<br />

crustacea (L.) Benth.<br />

pedunculata Benth.<br />

Vernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) Less.<br />

Veronica<br />

anagallis-aquatica L.<br />

Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides (L.) Nash<br />

Vigna<br />

trilobata (L.) Verdc.<br />

Volvulopsis<br />

nummularia (L.) Roberty<br />

Vossia<br />

cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff.<br />

W olffia<br />

arrhiza (L.) Wimm.<br />

globosa (Roxb.) Hartog & Plas<br />

X anthium<br />

strumarium L.<br />

Xenostegia<br />

tridentata (L.) Aust<strong>in</strong> & Staples<br />

Xyris<br />

capensis Thunb.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Z oysia<br />

matrella (L.) Merr.<br />

Family<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Saxifragaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Lemnaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

TRANSPLANTED RICE 409<br />

Country<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

BRU

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> upl<strong>and</strong> <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> some<br />

countries <strong>in</strong> South <strong>and</strong><br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

A butilon<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (L.) Sweet<br />

Acalypha<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

lanceolata Willd.<br />

Acanthospermum<br />

hispidum DC.<br />

Achyranthes<br />

aspera L.<br />

Aeg<strong>in</strong>etia<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Aerva<br />

lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult.<br />

Aeschynomene<br />

aspera L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Agerat<strong>in</strong>a<br />

adenophora (Spreng.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g<br />

& B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

houstonianum Mill.<br />

Agrostis<br />

micrantha Steud.<br />

Allmania<br />

nodiflora (L.) R. Br. ex Wight<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Orobanchaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,SRI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

PHI,SRI<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IND

412 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Alloteropsis<br />

cimic<strong>in</strong>a (L.) Stapf<br />

Alternanthera<br />

ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Griseb.<br />

philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.<br />

sessilis (L.) DC.<br />

Alysicarpus<br />

bupleurifolius (L.) DC.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) DC.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

lividus L.<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osus L.<br />

tenuifolius Willd.<br />

tricolor L.<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

Anotis<br />

wightiana Hook. f.<br />

Apluda<br />

mutica L.<br />

Aponogeton<br />

monostachyon L.f.<br />

Argemone<br />

mexicana L.<br />

Artemisia<br />

dubia Wall. ex DC.<br />

Arund<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

leptochloa (Nees) Hook. f.<br />

Asystasia<br />

gangetica (L.) T. Anders.<br />

Austroeupatorium<br />

<strong>in</strong>ulaefolium (Kunth.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g &<br />

B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Poaceae SRI<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Aponogetonaceae<br />

Papaveraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,LAO,PHI,THA<br />

IDO<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Axonopus<br />

compressus (Sw.) Beauv.<br />

B acopa<br />

floribunda (R. Br.) Wettst.<br />

monnieri (L.) Pennell<br />

Basella<br />

rubra L.<br />

Basilicum<br />

polystachyon (L.) Moench<br />

Belosynapsis<br />

moluccana (L.) C.E.C. Fischer<br />

Bidens<br />

biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff<br />

ex Sherff<br />

pilosa L.<br />

Biophytum<br />

sensitivum (L.) DC.<br />

Blechum<br />

pyramidatum (Lam.) Urb.<br />

Blumea<br />

lacera (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

lac<strong>in</strong>iata (Roxb.) DC.<br />

mollis (D. Don) Merr.<br />

Blumeopsis<br />

falcata (D. Don) Merr.<br />

Boerhavia<br />

diffusa L.<br />

sp.<br />

Bonnaya<br />

veronicaefolia Spreng.<br />

Borreria<br />

alata (Aubl.) DC.<br />

articularis (L.f.) F.N. Williams<br />

laevis (Lam.) Griseb.<br />

latifolia (Aubl.) Schum.<br />

ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake<br />

pertusa (L.) A. Camus<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Basellaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

UPLAND RICE 413<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND,PHI<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI<br />

SRI<br />

VIE<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IDO<br />

LAO,PHI,VIE<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

VI E

414 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Brachiaria<br />

distachya (L.) Stapf<br />

miliiformis (Presl) A. Chase<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

ramosa (L.) Stapf<br />

reptans (L.) Gard. & C.E. Hubb.<br />

Buddleja<br />

asiatica Lour.<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

C aesulia<br />

axillaris Roxb.<br />

Calopogonium<br />

mucunoides Desv.<br />

Calotis<br />

gaudichaudii Gagnep.<br />

Canavalia<br />

maritima (Aubl.) Thou.<br />

Capparis<br />

micrantha DC.<br />

zeylanica L.<br />

Capsella<br />

bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.<br />

Cardiospermum<br />

halicacabum L.<br />

Carex<br />

pru<strong>in</strong>osa Boott<br />

Catharanthus<br />

roseus (L.) G. Don<br />

Celosia<br />

argentea L.<br />

Cenchrus<br />

brownii Roem. & Schult.<br />

ech<strong>in</strong>atus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>flexus R. Br.<br />

Centella<br />

asiatica (L.) Urb.<br />

Family Country<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Buddlejaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Sap<strong>in</strong>daceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Apocynaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

MAL,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,LAO,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

PHI,SRI<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,PHI,THA,VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Centotheca<br />

lappacea (L.) Desv.<br />

Centrosema<br />

plumieri (Turp. ex Pers.) Benth.<br />

pubescens Benth.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Chamaecrista<br />

mimosoides St<strong>and</strong>ley<br />

Chenopodium<br />

album L.<br />

ambrosioides L.<br />

Chloris<br />

barbata Sw.<br />

gayana Kunth<br />

Chromolaena<br />

odorata (L.) H.M. K<strong>in</strong>g & B.L.<br />

Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Chrozophora<br />

rottleri (Geisel) A. Juss. ex Spreng.<br />

Chrysopogon<br />

aciculatus (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Cleome<br />

aspera Koen. ex DC.<br />

chelidonii L.f.<br />

monophylla L.<br />

rutidosperma DC.<br />

viscosa L.<br />

Coelachne<br />

simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex<br />

Steud.) Munro ex Benth.<br />

Coix<br />

lachryma-jobi L.<br />

Coldenia<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

PHI<br />

UPLAND RICE 415<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

I DO<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

LAO,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,LAO,PHI,VIE<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND

416 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L. Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

hasskarlii C.B. Clarke<br />

longifolia Lam.<br />

Convolvulus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

Conyza<br />

canadensis (L.) Cronq.<br />

leucantha (D. Don) Ludlow<br />

& Raven<br />

sumatrensis (Retz.) E.H. Walker<br />

Corchorus<br />

aestuans L.<br />

capsularis L.<br />

olitorius L.<br />

Cosmos<br />

caudatus Kunth<br />

Crassocephalum<br />

crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore<br />

Crotalaria<br />

bracteata Roxb.<br />

<strong>in</strong>cana L.<br />

juncea L.<br />

laburnifolia L.<br />

micans L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

montana Roth<br />

pallida Ait.<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quefolia L.<br />

retusa L.<br />

saltiana Andr.<br />

verrucosa L.<br />

Croton<br />

hirtus L’Her.<br />

sparsiflorus Morong<br />

Cudrania<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) Kudo &<br />

Masamune ex Sauer<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Moraceae<br />

B4N,IDO,IND,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

SRI<br />

IDO<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,VIE<br />

IND<br />

VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cyanotis<br />

cristata D. Don.<br />

Cyathula<br />

prostrata (L.) BI.<br />

Cymbopogon<br />

citratus (DC.) Stapf<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cynoglossum<br />

lanceolatum Forssk.<br />

Cyperus<br />

babakan Steud.<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

castaneus Willd.<br />

cephalotes Vahl<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

compressus L.<br />

corymbosus Rottb.<br />

cyper<strong>in</strong>us (Retz.) Valck. Sur.<br />

cyperoides (L.) O.K.<br />

difformis L.<br />

diffusus Vahl<br />

distans L.f.<br />

dubius Rottb.<br />

exaltus Retz.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

halpan L.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

niveus Retz.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

pumilus L.<br />

radians Nees & Mey.<br />

rotundus L.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>olentus Vahl<br />

sphacelatus Rottb.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

PHI<br />

UPLAND RICE 417<br />

IDO,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

IND,LAO,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

LAO,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,IND,IAO,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

IDO

418 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Cyperus (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

tagetiformis Roxb.<br />

t<strong>rice</strong>ps (Rottb.) Endl.<br />

Cyrtococcum<br />

accrescens (Tr<strong>in</strong>.) Stapf<br />

oxyphyllum (Steud.) Stapf<br />

patens (L.) A. Camus<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Datura<br />

metel L.<br />

Deer<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

amarantnoides (Lam.) Merr.<br />

polysperma (Roxb.) Moq.<br />

Desmodium<br />

gangeticum (L.) DC.<br />

heterocarpon (L.) DC.<br />

heterophyllum (Willd.) DC.<br />

laxiflorum DC.<br />

laxum L.<br />

procumbens (Mill.) Hitchc.<br />

pulchellum (L.) Benth.<br />

scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv.<br />

styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr.<br />

triflorum (L.) DC.<br />

triquetrum (L.) DC.<br />

velut<strong>in</strong>um (Willd.) DC.<br />

Dichanthium<br />

annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

aristatum (Poir.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

caricosum (L.) A. Camus<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>um (R. Br.) A. Camus<br />

Dichrocephala<br />

<strong>in</strong>tegrifolia (L.f.) O.K.<br />

Digera<br />

muricata (L.) Mart.<br />

Digitaria<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

compacta (Roth ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.) Veldk.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

Poaceae IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

SRI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Digitaria (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

filiformis (L.) Koel.<br />

fuscescens (Presl) Henr.<br />

longiflora (Retz.) Pers.<br />

radicosa (Presl) Miq.<br />

sangu<strong>in</strong>alis (L.) Scop.<br />

setigera Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

violascens L.<br />

D<strong>in</strong>ebra<br />

retroflexa (Vahl) Panzer<br />

Dopatrium<br />

junceum Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.<br />

Drosera<br />

umbellata Lour.<br />

Drymaria<br />

cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

frumentacea L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eclipta<br />

erecta L.<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eleocharis<br />

congesta D. Don<br />

Elephantopus<br />

scaber L.<br />

tomentosus L.<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Elymus<br />

repens (L.) Gould<br />

Elytraria<br />

imbricata (Vahl) Pers.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Droseraceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

UPLAND RICE 419<br />

IND<br />

I DO<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI,THA<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

PHI,SRI,THA,VIE<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

PHI,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

BAN,IDO,IND,LAO,<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI

420 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Elytrophorus<br />

spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus<br />

Emilia<br />

Poaceae<br />

sonchifolia (L.) DC.<br />

Equisetum<br />

Asteraceae<br />

debile Roxb. ex Vaucher<br />

Eragrostis<br />

Equisetaceae<br />

aspera (Jacq.) Nees<br />

Poaceae<br />

gangetica (Roxb.) Steud.<br />

Poaceae<br />

japornca (Thunb.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Poaceae<br />

montana Balansa<br />

Poaceae<br />

multicaulis Steud.<br />

Poaceae<br />

namaquensis Schrad.<br />

Poaceae<br />

nigra Nees ex Steud.<br />

Poaceae<br />

pect<strong>in</strong>acea (Michx.) Nees<br />

Poaceae<br />

pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Poaceae<br />

tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.<br />

viscosa (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Erechtites<br />

valerianaefolia DC.<br />

Eremochloa<br />

ciliaris (L.) Merr.<br />

Erigeron<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangulare L.<br />

Eriochloa<br />

procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Eryngium<br />

foetidum L.<br />

Eupatorium<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosum Kunth<br />

Euphorbia<br />

capillaris Gagnep.<br />

heterophylla L.<br />

hirta L.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

hypericifolia L. Euphorbiaceae<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

SRI<br />

I DO<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Euphorbia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

prostrata Ait.<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

vachellii Hook. & Arn.<br />

Evolvulus<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides (L.) L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

albicans Nees<br />

complanata (Retz.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

ovata (Burm. f.) Kern<br />

qu<strong>in</strong>quangularis (Vahl) Kunth<br />

tornentosa Vahl<br />

Flaveria<br />

australasica Hook.<br />

Flem<strong>in</strong>gia<br />

strobilifera (L.)R. Br. ex Ait. f.<br />

G al<strong>in</strong>soga<br />

parviflora Cav.<br />

Geissaspis<br />

cristata Wight & Arn.<br />

Gisekia<br />

pharnacioides L.<br />

Gl<strong>in</strong>us<br />

lotoides L.<br />

oppositifolius (L.) A. DC.<br />

Gnaphalium<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

luteo-album L.<br />

Gomphrena<br />

celosioides Mart.<br />

decumbens Jacq.<br />

Gonostegia<br />

hirta (BI.) Miq.<br />

reptans C.B. Roxb.<br />

Grangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

Family<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Urticaceae<br />

Urticaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

UPLAND RICE 421<br />

Country<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI,<br />

VIE<br />

IND,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

I DO<br />

VIE<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND,SRI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

VI E

422 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Gy<strong>and</strong>ropsis<br />

gyn<strong>and</strong>ra (L.) Briq.<br />

Gymnopetalum<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis Kurz<br />

Gynura<br />

p<strong>in</strong>natifida DC.<br />

H ackelochloa<br />

granularis (L.) O.K.<br />

Hedyotis<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

crataeogonum Spreng.<br />

diffusa L.<br />

herbacea L.<br />

racemosa Lam.<br />

umbellata (L.) Lam.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

fruticosum L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum L.<br />

Heteropogon<br />

contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex<br />

Roem. & Schult.<br />

Hewittea<br />

sc<strong>and</strong>ens (Milne) Mabberley<br />

Hoppea<br />

dichotoma Willd.<br />

Hybanthus<br />

attenuates (Humb. & Bonpl.)<br />

G.K. Schulze<br />

Hydrocotyle<br />

javanica Thunb.<br />

sibthorpioides Lam.<br />

Hygrophila<br />

auriculata (Schum.) He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Hygroryza<br />

aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight &<br />

Arn.<br />

Hypoxis<br />

decumbens<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Cucurbitaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Violaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Apiaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaryllidaceae<br />

IDO,PHI,SRI<br />

VIE<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Hyptis<br />

brevipes Poit.<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

spicigera Lam.<br />

suaveolens (L.) Poit.<br />

I mpatiens<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis L.<br />

lmperata<br />

cyl<strong>in</strong>drica (L.) Raeuschel<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Balsam<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

lndigofera<br />

dosua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Fabaceae (P)<br />

hirsuta L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

suffruticosa Mill.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

t<strong>in</strong>ctoria L.<br />

lonidium<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

suffruticosum G<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

Ipomoea<br />

Violaceae<br />

alba L.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

angustifolia Jacq.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

cairica (L.) Sweet<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

gracilis R. Br.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

macrantha Roem. & Schult. Convolvulaceae<br />

obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

pes-tigridis L.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

quamoclit L.<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

triloba L.<br />

lsachne<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

albens Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Poaceae<br />

clarkei Hook. f.<br />

Poaceae<br />

pulchella Roth ex Roem. & Schult.<br />

lschaemum<br />

Poaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicum (Houtt.) Merr.<br />

Poaceae<br />

polystachyum Presl<br />

Poaceae<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

J acquemontia<br />

Poaceae<br />

paniculata (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Juncus<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

prismatocarpus R.Br.<br />

Juncaceae<br />

UPLAND RICE 423<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND

424 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Justicia<br />

simplex D. Don Acanthaceae IND<br />

L actuca<br />

runc<strong>in</strong>ata DC.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Lagascea<br />

mollis Cav.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Laggera<br />

purpurascens Sch.-Bip. ex Hochst. Asteraceae<br />

Lantana<br />

camara L.<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Laportea<br />

<strong>in</strong>terrupta (L.) Chew<br />

Urticaceae<br />

Laurentia<br />

longiflora (L.) Peterm. Campanulaceae<br />

Leersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Leonurus<br />

sibiricus L.<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lepidagathis<br />

secunda (Blanco) Nees Acanthaceae<br />

Leptocarpus<br />

disjunctus Mast. Restionaceae<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees Poaceae<br />

filiformis (Lam.) P. Beauv. Poaceae<br />

panicea (Retz.) Ohwi<br />

Leucas<br />

Poaceae<br />

aspera (Willd.) L<strong>in</strong>k Lamiaceae<br />

decemdentata (Willd.) J. Sm. Lamiaceae<br />

l<strong>in</strong>ifolia (Roth) Spreng.<br />

Leucosyke<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

capitellata (Poir.) Wedd.<br />

Limnophila<br />

Urticaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Druce<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

repens (Benth.) Benth.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

VI E<br />

IND,LAO,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

MAL,SRI<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

procumbens (Krock.) Philcox<br />

pusilla (Willd.) Bold.<br />

Lipocarpha<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Osb.) Kern<br />

Lobelia<br />

als<strong>in</strong>oides Lam.<br />

angulata Forst.<br />

Ludwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

Lygodium<br />

flexuosum (L.) Sw.<br />

japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Malachra<br />

capitata L.<br />

fasciata Jacq.<br />

Malvastrum<br />

corom<strong>and</strong>elianum (L.) Garcke<br />

Marsilea<br />

quadrifolia L.<br />

Mazus<br />

japonicus (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

Melampodium<br />

diffusum Cass.<br />

Melastoma<br />

aff<strong>in</strong>e D. Don<br />

villosum Sims<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

pyramidata L.<br />

Mentha<br />

arvensis L.<br />

Family Country<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Lobeliaceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Schizaceae<br />

Schizaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Melastomaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

UPLAND RICE 425<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,LAO<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

LAO,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

LAO, PH I<br />

VIE

426 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Merremia<br />

emarg<strong>in</strong>ata (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

gemella (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

hirta (L.) Merr.<br />

peltata (L.) Merr.<br />

umbellata (L.) Hall. f.<br />

vitifolia (Burm. f.) Hall. f.<br />

Microstegium<br />

vagans (Nees ex Steud.)<br />

A. Camus<br />

Mikania<br />

cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob<strong>in</strong>son<br />

Mimosa<br />

<strong>in</strong>visa Mart. ex Colla<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mirabilis<br />

jalapa L.<br />

Miscanthus<br />

floridulus (Labill.) Warb. ex<br />

K. Schum.<br />

Mitracarpus<br />

villosus (Sw.) DC.<br />

Mollugo<br />

pentaphylla L.<br />

Murdannia<br />

nudiflora (L.) Brenan<br />

N eyraudia<br />

reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex<br />

Hitchc.<br />

O cimum<br />

americanum L.<br />

basilicum L.<br />

Opercul<strong>in</strong>a<br />

turpethum (L.) Manso<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Nyctag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

THA<br />

IDO,MAL,PHI,SRI<br />

IDO,LAO,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

IDO,SRI,THA<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

THA<br />

SRI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Oplismenus<br />

burmanii (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

compositus (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Oryza<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis Wall. ex Watt<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f. spontanea Roschev.<br />

Ottochloa<br />

nodosa (Kunth) D<strong>and</strong>y<br />

Oxalis<br />

acetosella L.<br />

barrelieri L.<br />

corniculata L.<br />

latifolia Kunth<br />

P aederia<br />

tomentosa BI.<br />

Panicum<br />

auritum Presl ex Nees<br />

cambogiense Balansa<br />

capillare L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>comtum Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

maximum Jacq.<br />

miliaceum L.<br />

notatum Retz.<br />

paludosum Roxb.<br />

psilopodium Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

repens L.<br />

sarmentosum Roxb.<br />

trichoides Sw.<br />

walense Mez<br />

Parosela<br />

gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa (Blanco) Merr.<br />

Parthenium<br />

hysterophorus L.<br />

Paspalidium<br />

flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus<br />

gem<strong>in</strong>atum (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

punctatum (Burm.) A. Camus<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Oxalidaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

UPLAND RICE 427<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO<br />

IDO,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IDO<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI

428 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Paspalum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

dilatatum Poir.<br />

distichum L.<br />

longifolium Roxb.<br />

notatum Fluegge<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

urvillei Steud.<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>atum Sw.<br />

Passiflora<br />

foetida L.<br />

Pavonia<br />

sidaefolia Kunth<br />

Pennisetum<br />

glaucum (L.) R. Br.<br />

pedicellatum Tr<strong>in</strong>.<br />

polystachion (L.) Schult.<br />

purpureum K. Schum.<br />

Peperomia<br />

pellucida (L.) Kunth<br />

Perotis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

Phragmites<br />

karka (Retz.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Steud.<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

amarus Schum. & Thonn.<br />

debilis Herb. Ham. ex Wall.<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

ur<strong>in</strong>aria L.<br />

virgatus Forst. f.<br />

Physalis<br />

angulata L.<br />

m<strong>in</strong>ima L.<br />

peruviana L.<br />

Plantago<br />

major L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Passifloraceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Piperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Plantag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,MAL,<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,LAO,MAL,PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

SRI<br />

IDO,LAO,PHI,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IND,SRI<br />

IND<br />

IDO,PHI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

THA<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

SRI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IDO,LAO,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI,VIE

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Plectranthus<br />

hispidus Benth.<br />

Pluchea<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Less.<br />

tomentosa Less.<br />

Pogonatherum<br />

cr<strong>in</strong>itum (Thunb.) Kunth<br />

Polycarpea<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

Polygala<br />

paniculata L.<br />

Polygonum<br />

barbatum L.<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ense L.<br />

glabrum Willd.<br />

limbatum Meissn.<br />

praetermissum Hook. f.<br />

serrulatum Lag.<br />

tomentosum Willd.<br />

Polytrias<br />

amaura (Buse) O.K.<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

pilosa L.<br />

quadrifida L.<br />

Potentilla<br />

kle<strong>in</strong>iana Wight & Arn.<br />

Pseudarthria<br />

viscida (L.) Wight & Arn.<br />

Pseudelephantopus<br />

spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F.<br />

Baker<br />

Psoralea<br />

corylifolia L.<br />

Pteridium<br />

aquil<strong>in</strong>um (L.) Kuhn<br />

Lamiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Caryophyllaceae<br />

Polygalaceae<br />

THA<br />

UPLAND RICE 429<br />

IND,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IDO<br />

Polygonaceae IND,PHI<br />

Polygonaceae THA<br />

Polygonaceae IND<br />

Polygonaceae IND<br />

Polygonaceae IND<br />

Polygonaceae IND<br />

Polygonaceae PHI<br />

Poaceae PHI,VIE<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Rosaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Dennstaedtiaceae<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

THA

430 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Pueraria<br />

lobata (Willd.) Ohwi<br />

phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.<br />

Pupalia<br />

lappacea (L.) Juss.<br />

R hynchelytrum<br />

repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.<br />

Rhynchospora<br />

corymbosa (L.) Britt.<br />

rubra (Lour.) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

Richardia<br />

brasiliensis (Moq.) Gomez<br />

Richardsonia<br />

pilosa Kunth<br />

Rorippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

Rotala<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Blatt. & Hallb.<br />

rosea (Poir.) C.D. Cook<br />

rotundifolia (Roxb.) Koehne<br />

Rottboellia<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) W.D.<br />

Clayton<br />

Ruellia<br />

tuberosa L.<br />

Rungia<br />

pect<strong>in</strong>ata (L.) Nees<br />

repens (L.) Nees<br />

S accharum<br />

arund<strong>in</strong>aceum Retz.<br />

bengalense Retz.<br />

procerum Roxb.<br />

spontaneum L.<br />

Sacciolepis<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) A. Chase<br />

Sagittaria<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Acanthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

I DO<br />

IND<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

Scleria<br />

oblata S.T.Blake<br />

Scoparia<br />

dulcis L.<br />

Sehima<br />

nervosum (Rottl.) Stapf<br />

Senna<br />

obtusifolia (L.) Irw<strong>in</strong> & Barneby<br />

occidentalis (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

Sesbania<br />

cannab<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) Potr.<br />

exaltata (Raf.) Cory<br />

sesban (L.) Merr.<br />

speciosa Taub.<br />

Setaria<br />

aurea Hochst.<br />

barbata (Lam.) Kunth<br />

geniculata (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf<br />

pumiia (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.<br />

viridis (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Sida<br />

acuta Burm. f.<br />

cordifolia L.<br />

javensis Cav.<br />

rhombifalia L.<br />

Siegesbeckia<br />

orientalis L.<br />

Solanum<br />

cum<strong>in</strong>gii Dumal<br />

nigrum L.<br />

Sonchus<br />

oleraceus L.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (C)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

UPLAND RICE 431<br />

IDO,IND,LAO,PHI,<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

VI E<br />

VI E<br />

PHI,THA<br />

THA,VIE<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

LAO,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND,LAO,PHI<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND,THA,VIE

432 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Sorghum<br />

bicolor (L.) Moench<br />

halepense (L.) Pers.<br />

prop<strong>in</strong>quum (Kunth) Hitch.<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

Spigelia<br />

anthelmia L.<br />

Spilanthes<br />

iabadicensis A.H. Moore<br />

paniculata Wall. ex DC.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

africanus (Poir.) Rob. & Tourn.<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Stachytarpheta<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Vahl<br />

jamaicensis (L.) Vahl<br />

Synedrella<br />

nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.<br />

T agetes<br />

erecta L.<br />

Taraxacum<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>ale Wiggers<br />

Tephrosia<br />

pumila (Lam.) Pers.<br />

purpurea (L.) Pers.<br />

Teramnus<br />

labialis (L.f.) Spreng.<br />

Thaumastochloa<br />

coch<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (Lour.) C.E.<br />

Hubb.<br />

Thysanolaena<br />

maxima (Roxb.) O.K.<br />

Tithonia<br />

diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray<br />

Torenia<br />

concolor L<strong>in</strong>dl.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Loganiaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceaa<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

SRI,THA<br />

I DO<br />

IDO,IND,PHI<br />

IND,SRI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

IND,THA<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,PHI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

PHI<br />

PHI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Torenia (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

fournieri L<strong>in</strong>den ex Fourn.<br />

polygonoides Benth.<br />

Trianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

Trichodesma<br />

zeylanicum (Burm. f.) R. Br.<br />

Tridax<br />

procumbens L.<br />

Triumfetta<br />

annua L.<br />

graveolens BI.<br />

lappula L.<br />

rhomboidea Jacq.<br />

semitriloba Jacq.<br />

Typhonium<br />

divaricatum (L.) Decne<br />

trilobatum (L.) Schott<br />

U raria<br />

lagopodoides (L.) Desv. ex DC.<br />

Urena<br />

lobata L.<br />

Utricularia<br />

bifida L.<br />

V <strong>and</strong>ellia<br />

crustacea (L.) Benth.<br />

Verbena<br />

offic<strong>in</strong>alis L.<br />

Vernonia<br />

c<strong>in</strong>erea (L.) less.<br />

divergens (DC.) Edgew.<br />

patula (Dry<strong>and</strong>.) Merr.<br />

Vetiveria<br />

zizanioides (L.) Nash<br />

Vicoa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Vigna<br />

trilobata (L.) Verdc.<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

UPLAND RICE 433<br />

IND,PHI,SRI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

IND,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IDO<br />

PHI<br />

PHI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,PHI<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

IND,LAO,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

THA<br />

IDO,PHI,VIE<br />

PHI,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND

434 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

W altheria<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L. Sterculiaceae VIE<br />

Wedelia<br />

biflora (L.) DC.<br />

X anthium<br />

strumarium L.<br />

Xenostegia<br />

tridentata (L.) Aust<strong>in</strong> & Staples<br />

Y oungia<br />

japonica (L.) DC.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

THA,VIE<br />

Z ornia<br />

diphylla (L.) Pers.<br />

Zoysia<br />

Fabaceae (P) PHI<br />

matrella (L.) Merr. Poaceae PHI

<strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>reported</strong> to occur<br />

<strong>in</strong> wet-seeded <strong>rice</strong> <strong>in</strong> some<br />

countries <strong>in</strong> South <strong>and</strong><br />

Southeast <strong>Asia</strong>.<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

A eschynomene<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L. Fabaceae (P)<br />

Ageratum<br />

conyzoides L.<br />

Agropyron<br />

cristatum (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Alternanthera<br />

sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. &<br />

Schult.<br />

Amaranthus<br />

viridis L.<br />

Amischophacelus<br />

axillaris (L.) Rolla Rao & Kamathy<br />

Ammannia<br />

baccifera L.<br />

cocc<strong>in</strong>ea Rottb.<br />

Arund<strong>in</strong>ella<br />

leptochloa (Nees) Hook. f.<br />

Azolla<br />

filiculoides Lam.<br />

p<strong>in</strong>nata R. Br.<br />

B lyxa<br />

auberti Rich.<br />

japonica (Miq.) Maxim ex<br />

Aschers. & Guerke<br />

talboti Hook. f.<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Azollaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Hydrocharitaceae<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

SRI<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

MAL,SRI,THA<br />

THA<br />

IND

436 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Borreria<br />

setidens (Miq.) Bold.<br />

stricta (L.f.) G.F.N. Mey.<br />

Bothriochloa<br />

pertusa (L.) A. Camus<br />

Brachiaria<br />

eruciformis (J.E. Sm.) Griseb.<br />

mutica (Forssk.) Stapf<br />

platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash<br />

ramosa (L.) Stapf<br />

Bulbostylis<br />

barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke<br />

C aesulia<br />

axillaris Roxb.<br />

Calopogonium<br />

mucunoides Desv.<br />

Calotis<br />

gaudichaudii Gagnep.<br />

Ceratophyllum<br />

demersum L.<br />

Ceratopteris<br />

thalictroides (L.) Brogn.<br />

Chara<br />

zeylanica Willd.<br />

Chenopodium<br />

album L.<br />

ambrosioides L.<br />

Chloris<br />

barbata Sw.<br />

Cleome<br />

rutidosperma DC.<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>a<br />

benghalensis L.<br />

diffusa Burm. f.<br />

Convolvulus<br />

arvensis L.<br />

Corchorus<br />

aestuans L.<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Rubiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Ceratophyllaceae<br />

Parkeriaceae<br />

Characeae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Chenopodiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Capparaceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Commel<strong>in</strong>aceae<br />

Convolvulaceae<br />

Tiliaceae<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI,THA<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

MAL<br />

PHI<br />

THA<br />

VIE<br />

VIE<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Croton<br />

sparsiflorus Morong<br />

Cynodon<br />

dactylon (L.) Pers.<br />

Cyperus<br />

brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.<br />

castaneus Willd.<br />

compactus Retz.<br />

difformis L.<br />

diffusus Vahl<br />

distans L.f.<br />

esculentus L.<br />

exaltus Retz.<br />

flavidus Retz.<br />

halpan L.<br />

imbricatus Retz.<br />

iria L.<br />

kyll<strong>in</strong>gia Endl.<br />

luzulae Rottb. ex Willd.<br />

pilosus Vahl<br />

polystachyos Rottb.<br />

procerus Rottb.<br />

pulcherrimus Willd. ex Kunth<br />

rotundus L.<br />

D actyloctenium<br />

aegyptium (L.) Willd.<br />

Desmodium<br />

heterophyllum (Willd.) DC.<br />

Digera<br />

muricata (L.) Mart.<br />

Digitaria<br />

ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.<br />

E ch<strong>in</strong>ochloa<br />

colona (L.) L<strong>in</strong>k<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp.<br />

hispidula (Retz.) Honda<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Amaranthaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

WET-SEEDEC RICE 437<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

IND,SRI<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

VI E<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

IND,PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,SRI,<br />

THA,VIE<br />

PHI

438 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

Ech<strong>in</strong>ochloa (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />

crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.<br />

glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f.<br />

oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch.<br />

stagn<strong>in</strong>a (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

Eclipta<br />

prostrata (L.) L.<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

zippeliana BI.<br />

Eichhornia<br />

Asteraceae<br />

crassipes (Mart.) Solms<br />

Eleocharis<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

dulcis (Burm. f.) Tr<strong>in</strong>. ex Henschel Cyperaceae<br />

retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

variegata (Poir.) Presl<br />

Eleus<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Gaertn.<br />

Enydra<br />

Poaceae<br />

fluctuans Lour.<br />

Eragrostis<br />

Asteraceae<br />

cilianensis (All.) Lut. ex F.T. Hubb. Poaceae<br />

reptans (Michx.) Nees<br />

Eriocaulon<br />

Poaceae<br />

c<strong>in</strong>ereum R. Br.<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

gracile Mart.<br />

Euphorbia<br />

Eriocaulaceae<br />

hirta L.<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

thymifolia L.<br />

F imbristylis<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

acum<strong>in</strong>ata Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

dichotoma (L.) Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

globulosa (Retz.) Kunth<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

miliacea (L.) Vahl<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

se<strong>rice</strong>a R. Br.<br />

Fuirena<br />

ciliaris (L.) Roxb.<br />

umbellata Rottb.<br />

G rangea<br />

maderaspatana (L.) Poir.<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Country<br />

MAL,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

PHI<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI<br />

IND,PHI,SRI,THA,<br />

VI E<br />

PHI<br />

IND,SRI<br />

THA<br />

MAL<br />

MAL<br />

IND,PHI<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

THA<br />

VI E<br />

IND,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

MAL<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA,VIE<br />

VI E<br />

PHI,THA<br />

MAL<br />

VI E

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

H edyotis<br />

corymbosa (L.) Lam.<br />

Heliotropium<br />

strigosum (L.) Willd.<br />

Hydrocera<br />

triflora (L.) Wight & Arn<br />

Hydrolea<br />

zeylanica (L.) Vahl<br />

Hygrophila<br />

auriculata (Schum.) He<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Hymenachne<br />

acutigluma (Steud.) Gillil<strong>and</strong><br />

Hyptis<br />

capitata Jacq.<br />

I pomoea<br />

aquatica Forssk.<br />

maxima (L.f.) Sweet<br />

triloba L.<br />

lsachne<br />

debilis Rendle<br />

globosa (Thunb.) O.K.<br />

himalaica Hook. f.<br />

lschaemum<br />

pilosum (Kle<strong>in</strong> ex Willd.) Wight<br />

rugosum Salisb.<br />

L eersia<br />

hex<strong>and</strong>ra Sw.<br />

Leptochloa<br />

ch<strong>in</strong>ensis (L.) Nees<br />

Limnocharis<br />

flava (L.) Buch.<br />

L imnophila<br />

heterophylla Benth.<br />

L<strong>in</strong>dernia<br />

anagallis (Burm. f.) Pennell<br />

antipoda (L.) Alston<br />

ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell<br />

crustacea (L.) F. Muell.<br />

Rubiaceae PHI<br />

Borag<strong>in</strong>aceae IND<br />

Geraniaceae MAL<br />

Hydrophyllaceae THA<br />

Acanthaceae IND,SRI<br />

Poaceae MAL<br />

Lamiaceae PHI<br />

WET-SEEDED RICE 439<br />

Convolvulaceae IND,PHI,THA<br />

Convolvulaceae IND<br />

Convolvulaceae PHI<br />

Poaceae PHI<br />

Poaceae PHI,SRI<br />

Poaceae SRI<br />

Poaceae IND<br />

Poaceae PHI,SRI,THA<br />

Poaceae MAL,PHI<br />

Poaceae MAL,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

Butomaceae MAL,SRI,THA<br />

Scrophulariaceae THA<br />

Scrophulariaceae THA<br />

Scrophulariaceae PHI<br />

Scrophulariaceae IND<br />

Scrophulariaceae IND,MAL

440 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family<br />

L udwigia<br />

adscendens (L.) Hara Onagraceae<br />

hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell<br />

octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven<br />

perennis L.<br />

prostrata Roxb.<br />

M acroptilium<br />

lathyroides (L.) Urb.<br />

Marsilea<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta L.<br />

quadritolia L.<br />

Mazus<br />

pumilus (Burm. f.) Steen.<br />

Melica<br />

bulbosa Geyer ex Port. & Coult.<br />

subulata (Griseb.) Scribn.<br />

Melochia<br />

concatenata L.<br />

Mimosa<br />

pudica L.<br />

Mimulus<br />

orbicularis Wall.<br />

Monochoria<br />

vag<strong>in</strong>alis (Burm. f.) Presl<br />

N eptunia<br />

oleracea Lour.<br />

Nymphaea<br />

nouchali Burm. f.<br />

Nymphoides<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) O.K.<br />

O ryza<br />

m<strong>in</strong>uta J.C. Presl ex C.B. Presl<br />

nivara Sharma & Shastry<br />

rufipogon Griff.<br />

sativa L. f spontanea Roschev.<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Onagraceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Marsileaceae<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Scrophulariaceae<br />

Pontederiaceae<br />

Fabaceae (M)<br />

Nymphaceae<br />

Gentianaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Country<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,THA,<br />

VIE<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI,THA<br />

PHI,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL<br />

PHI<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

THA<br />

IND,SRI,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

IND<br />

MAL,PHI,THA<br />

IND,PHI<br />

THA<br />

IDO,IND,MAL,PHI,<br />

SRI,THA<br />

MAL<br />

MAL<br />

IND,THA<br />

THA<br />

IND,MAL,SRI<br />

IND,MAL,SRI,THA<br />

MAL,SRI

Genus <strong>and</strong> species Family Country<br />

Ottelia<br />

alismoides (L.) Vahl Hydrocharitaceae<br />

Panicum<br />

repens L.<br />

texanum Buckl.<br />

Parthenium<br />

hysterophorus L.<br />

Paspalum<br />

conjugatum Berg.<br />

distichum L.<br />

scrobiculatum L.<br />

sp.<br />

Pentapetes<br />

phoenicia L.<br />

Phyla<br />

nodiflora (L.) Greene<br />

Phyllanthus<br />

fraternus Webster<br />

Physalis<br />

angulata L.<br />

Pistia<br />

stratiotes L.<br />

Portulaca<br />

oleracea L.<br />

Pseudoraphis<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>escens (R. Br.) J. Vickery<br />

R orippa<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (L.) Hiern<br />

Rotala<br />

catholica (Cham. & Schlecht.)<br />

B. van Leeuwen<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica (Willd.) Koehne<br />

pent<strong>and</strong>ra (Roxb.) Blatt. & Hallb.<br />

S agittaria<br />

guayanensis Kunth<br />

trifolia L.<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>ia<br />

molesta D.S. Mitchell<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Sterculiaceae<br />

Verbenaceae<br />

Euphorbiaceae<br />

Solanaceae<br />

Araceae<br />

Portulacaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Brassicaceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Lythraceae<br />

Alisrnataceae<br />

Alismataceae<br />

Salv<strong>in</strong>iaceae<br />

WET-SEEDED RICE 441<br />

THA<br />

IND,PHI,SRI<br />

IND<br />

VI E<br />

IND,PHI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

I DO<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

MAL,PHI,SRI<br />

IND,PHI<br />

PHI<br />

VIE<br />

PHI<br />

MAL,THA,VIE<br />

IND<br />

MAL<br />

IND,THA,VIE<br />

PHI

442 RICE WEEDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA<br />

Genus <strong>and</strong> species<br />

Scirpus<br />

articulatus L.<br />

grossus L.f.<br />

juncoides Roxb.<br />

lateriflorus Gmel.<br />

maritimus L.<br />

mucronatus L.<br />

squarrosus L.<br />

sup<strong>in</strong>us L.<br />

Scleria<br />

sumatrensis Retz.<br />

Sehima<br />

nervosum (Rottl.) Stapf<br />

Sesbania<br />

sp.<br />

Setaria<br />

geniculata (Lam.) P. Beauv.<br />

viridis (L.) P. Beauv.<br />

Sphaeranthus<br />

africanus L.<br />

<strong>in</strong>dicus L.<br />

Sphenoclea<br />

zeylanica Gaertn.<br />

Sporobolus<br />

di<strong>and</strong>er (Retz.) P. Beauv.<br />

T rianthema<br />

portulacastrum L.<br />

U rena<br />

lobata L.<br />

Utricularia<br />

aurea Lour.<br />

pilosa (Mak<strong>in</strong>o) Mak<strong>in</strong>o<br />

V etiveria<br />

zizanioides (L.) Nash<br />

X yris<br />

<strong>in</strong>dica L.<br />

Family<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Cyperaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Fabaceae (P)<br />

Poaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Asteraceae<br />

Sphenocleaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Aizoaceae<br />

Malvaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Lentiburiaceae<br />

Poaceae<br />

Xyridaceae<br />

Country<br />

IND,THA<br />

MAL,PHI,THA<br />

IND,MAL,THA<br />

MAL<br />

PHI<br />

IND,MAL,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND,PHI,VIE<br />

VIE<br />

IND<br />

VIE<br />

THA<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

IND,MAL,PHI,THA<br />

PHI<br />

IND<br />

PHI<br />

MAL,THA<br />

MAL<br />

IND<br />

THA

logo

Prodotti

Risorse

Aziende

Terms of service
Privacy policy
Cookie policy
Cookie settings
Imprint
Change language
Made with love in Switzerland
© 2024 Yumpu.com all rights reserved

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!