ganmarteba - MAMULI
ganmarteba - MAMULI ganmarteba - MAMULI
26 `sikvdili veneciaSi~ 1971 `udanaSaulo~ 1976 `ojaxuri portreti interierSi~ 1974 erT personaJs, Tavad miSkins `TviTmiznad qceuli sikeTis filosofiis Zalze damaxasiaTebeli warmomadgeneli~ uwoda. bunebrivia, rom rusuli kritika gulisyurs amaxvilebda, Tu ra siRrmiT aris gaazrebuli filmSi dostoevskis prozis klasikuri motivebi, kerZod, ramdenad mkveTradaa miniSnebuli nadias, rokosa da simones urTierTobebiT roman `idiotis~ mTavar gmirTa - nastasia filipovnas, miSkinisa da rogoJinis e.w. `samkuTxedi~... werdnen, rom `rokoSi~ uCveulod rTulad aRiqmeba suraTis damdgmelis reJisoruli neba da wadili, metadre - mis mier aRmoCenili mTavari rolebis axalgazrda Semsruleblebis - ani Jirardos, alen delonis, renato salvatoris artistuli niWis gaxsnasa da efeqtur warmarTvaSi; aRniSnavdnen - erTgvari Sinagani winaaRmdegobis, raRac mogangaSe da gulSemZravi disharmoniis SegrZnebas, rom suraTSi `miRweuli ar aris naturalizmisa da esTetizmis mTlianoba, fsiqologiuri daZabuloba mezoblobs sociologiur sqematurobasTano~. da lamis erTxmad miuTiTebdnen - filmSi damTrgunvel STabeWdilebas axdens Zaladobisa da mkvlelobis scenebis sisastikeo... diax, Tavdapirvelad raRac gaorebuli, eWviani da frTxili kritikuli damokidebuleba ufro sufevda CvenSi `roko da misi Zmebisadmi~. mere, mogvianebiT, araerTi recenzenti da kinomimomxilveli inaniebda Tavis maSindel miuxvdomlobas Tu Secdomas, TumcaRa, iSviaTad, Tu vinme eZebda mizezTa mizezs. arada, yvelafris Tavi da Tavi mizezi isev felinisa da viskontis da maTi filmebis tradiciulad dapirispireba iyo. swored im wels `roko da misi Zmebis~ paralelurad ekranebze gamoCnda kidev erTi mniSvnelovani italiuri suraTi - felinis `tkbili cxovreba~, romelic umal iqca imJamindeli sazRvargareTuli kinos mTavar movlenad. raRa Tqma unda, maSin swored felinis am araCveulebrivad STambeWdav `freskasTan~ uSualod gverdigverd yofnasa da masTan garduval SedarebaSi aRiqmeboda `roko da misi Zmebi~. - ra xiblavda an riT ipyrobda mayureblisa Tu kritikosTa gulisyurs `tkbili cxovreba~? - uwinares yovlisa, sinamdvilis gamWoli mzeriT aRqmisa da mxilebis ZalasTan erTad, albaT es iyo adamianis warmoudgenel SesaZleblobebiT gancvifreba, yofierebis
poeturi gancda da swored xelovanis esoden wrfeli da gadamdebi gancvifreba ganapirobebda mayureblis winaswar ganwyobas ara martoden filmis personaJebTan SexvedrisaTvis, aramed suraTis avtorTan uSualo urTierTobisTvisac. da axla, Tu kadnierebad ar CamiTvliT, movixmob erT amonarids swored imxanad - 1960-Si Tu 1961-Si - daweril Cemi naSromidan, romelsac `Taoba da misi bedi~ erqva. movixmob imisTvis, rom dRevandeli mayurebeli, metadre - axalgazrdoba ukeT gaerkves, Tu ra socialuri sinamdvilis, ideaTa Widilisa da kinoSemoqmedebis konteqstSi aRiqmeboda imJamad ori kinoSedevri - `roko da misi Zmebi~ da `tkbili cxovreba~. intermedia - CanarTi `omis Semdgom, sul male, - 50-anis CamodgomisTanave - gansakuTrebiT mwvaved iCina Tavi dasavleTis samyaroSi axalma krizisma, romelic pirvel rig- Si gamovlinda rogorc sulieri anu ideebis krizisi. es ar iyo raRac moulodnelad `Tavsdatexili ubedureba~. igi kanonzomierad, TandaTan mzaddeboda. magram Tu es procesi `mamebisTvis~ Tanmimdevruli iyo, `Svilebs~ daxvdaT am procesis mxolod Sedegi. cxovrebaSi SemosvlisTanave maT dainaxes irgvliv gamefebuli sibinZure, sisastike, siyalbe da gamomfitavi er- Tferovneba. presa ki xmamaRla `winaswarmetyvelebda~ atomuri omis garduvalobas... da axalgazrdoba, romelsac, cxadia, ar gaaCnda raime axali Tavisi ideali, amboxda, uari Tqva yvelaferze, yovelgvar moralur principze, ramac gamoxatuleba hpova ukidures anarqizmSi... da ai, gazeTebi myvirala saTaurebiT iuwyebian TviTmkvlelobisa da mkvlelobis, mZarcvelobisa da sisxlis samarTlis qronikebs, yoveldRiurad afiqsireben axalgazrdobis ukiduresobamde misul sulieri sicarielis, cinizmis, amoralurobis gamovlinebebs... sazRvargareTuli kinos progresuli moRvaweebi gverds ver auvlidnen am mware sinamdviles. asec moxda. msoflio ekranebze gamoCnda reJisor nikolas reis `umizezod meamboxe~, andre kaiatis `warRvnis win~, laslo benedekis `velurTa brigada~, marsel karnes `TvalTmaqcebi~, xuan bardemis `mTavari quCa~, karel reisis `SabaT saRamos, kviras diliT~, alen renes `SarSan zafxuls marienbadSi~, franguli `axali talRis~ liderTa - fransua triufos da Jan-liuk godaris pirveli filmebi, klod Sabrolis `bi- ZaSvilebi~. da bolos, TiTqos yvelas erTad Semajamebeli lukino viskontis `roko da misi Zmebi~ da federiko felinis `tkbili cxovreba~, romelsac imTaviTve adarebdnen miqelanjelos freskebs, goias ofortebs, dantes `jojoxeTs~... zemoT CamoTvlil filmebSi asaxulia sxvadasxva qveynebis da gansxvavebuli erovnebis axalgazrdebis cxovrebis erTi raime momenti Tu etapi. cxadia, amjerad Cven gvainteresebs ara maTi gadamRebi reJisorebis filosofiuri koncefciebi, aramed Tavad filmebSi asaxuli sinamdvile: erTgan axalgazrdebi ocnebiT miiltvian Soreul marjnis kunZulebisken - isinic SeZrwunebuli arian mosalodneli atomuri katastrofiT da `warRvnis win~ gadarCenis imeds eZeben gaqcevaSi... magram ai, gamoCndnen `Tval- Tmaqcebi~, romlebic usasrulod msjeloben atomur omsa da TviTmkvlelobaze, fransuaza saganis romanebsa da beketis piesebze da, gamosavlis ZiebaSi, iZirebian parizis kafeebSi, loTobisa da Ramis drostarebisaTvis daqiravebul oTaxebSi, jazis RrialSi, ucxo loginSi - pirvel SexvedrilTa gverdiT... mere TiTqos Cadga qarbuqi, dacxrnen axalgazrdebi da is, rac zogs saxad saymawvilo senad eCveneboda, iqca yoveldRiurobad: isev wamieri, swrafwarmavali sasiyvarulo kavSirebi, mosawyeni uRimRamo qeifebi, uxaliso Sexvedrebi da ganSorebebi, usixarulo warmateba, guls gaukarebeli xelmocarva, diliT universitetebis mkacri auditoriebi, RamiT ki isev Tavbrudamxvevi rokva, ugrZnobi kocnisTvis meqanikurad gawvdili tuCebi, alkoholiTa da avadmyofuri vnebiT dabinduli Tvalebi, uazro yofiT gamofituli saxeebi... - ra daayenebT `ZeSecTomilebs~ WeSmaritebis gzaze? am SekiTxvaze sagulisxmo pasuxad meCveneba klod Sabrolis `biZaSvilebis~ finali. suraTis mTavar gmirs - pols xelmarcxad Semoakvdeba provinciidan parizSi bedis saZieblad Camosuli biZaSvili Sarli, es Jiulien sorelisa da rastiniakis dakninebuli oreuli. pols, romelic uneburi mkvleli Seiqmna, saxeze aRbeWdia tkivili, gaoreba, gaurkvevloba... iqve, mis gverdiT ki, radiolaze isev brunavs patefonis Savi firfita... brunavs... brunavs... ... da ai, `tkbili cxovreba~ - misi sawyisi efeqturi kadrebi: qristes Crdili dascemia roms - siZveleebiT damZimebul Ria qalaqs. helikopterze dakiduli macxovris qandakeba gadaufrens abdRvialebul via venetoze Ramis klubebs, feSeneblur vilebs, Zvel aristokratul cixedarbazes, kosmopolitur salonebs... TiTqosda, marTla goias ofortebidan gadmosulano, landebiviT irevian Ramis saeWvo duqnebis mudmivi muStrebi; iaffasiani siZvis diacebi kabareebTan; sxvaTa intimur cxovrebas dadarajebuli, sensaciebs daxarbebuli paparaci reportiorebi; Tavxedi turistebi; aRtkinebuli, lamis SeSlili fanatikosebi - `madonas saswaulebrivi gamocxadebis~ adgilze TavSeyrilni; cxovrebamoyirWebuli milioneris qaliSvili, meZavi qalis sawolze rom eZleva vnebaTaRelvas... ai, axali babiloni, misi ZeSecdomilTa `tkbili cxovreba~ da amaoeba amaoebaTa! aseT garemoSi gvixatavs felini Tavis sulierad gaxleCil personaJebs da erTdroulad imasac migvaniSnebs, Tu rogori iqnebodnen isini sxva samyaroSi da rad aqcia Tanadroulma sinamdvilem. es ar aris ganyenebuli sjani adamianze an sazogadoebaze. `tkbili cxovrebis~ personaJebi konkretuli sazogadoebis istoriis, misi gansaz- Rvruli momentis Svilebi arian. amitomac ase Seucdomlad amoicno am filmSi Tavisi saxe Tanadroulma dasavleTma, dainaxa sakuTari `gankiTxvis dRe~. amitomac ase gaborotebiT aRsdgnen mis winaaRmdeg vatikani, memarjvene politikuri partiebi da presa. martoden kaTolikuri eklesiis oficiozma - `osservatore romanosma~ TerTmeti saredaqcio statia `miuZ- Rvna~ `tkbil cxovrebas~, TerTmetjer gadasca igi anaTemas. kinos istoria- Si jerac ar Cawerila aseTi sastiki brZola romelime filmis gamo. erTi kritikosis moxdenili Sedarebisa ar iyos. felini bibliur brZenTa msgavsad amxels da winaswarmetyvelebs swored im sazogadoebis kraxs, romelsac Tavadve ekuTvnis~. lukino viskonti ki gansxvavebuli poziiciidan, sul sxvagvarad Wvretda da ganixilavda `rokoSi~ Tavis personaJebs - mRelvared, gulSeZrulad, TanagrZnobiT da, imavdroulad, yovelgvari macTunebeli sibralulis gareSe. es aris mZime da mware istoriuli gamocdilebis pozicia. igi uRrmavdeba da xsnis ara oden fsiqologiur, aramed im socialur kanonzomierebasac, romelsac xSirad mihyavs adamiani fatalur Sedegamde - TviTmsxvrevamde, roca adamiani uneburad da gaucnobiereblad Tvi- Tonve xdeba sakuTari Tavis damRupveli viTarebis xelSemwyobi. TiTqos moulodnelia, rom `rokos~ literaturuli Tavwyaroebidan viskontis - rogorc scenaris satitulo 27
- Page 2 and 3: gamocemis gamocemis me-9 me-9 weli
- Page 4 and 5: 4 levan fanCviZe wvimda da aRar gad
- Page 6 and 7: fers moiTxovda anazRaurebis magvars
- Page 8 and 9: 8 stumrad CvenTan nato gelaSvili da
- Page 10 and 11: me dRemde vcxovrob im saxlSi, romel
- Page 12 and 13: `ra lana lana RoRober RoRoberiZe: R
- Page 14 and 15: imarTeboda, da imarTeba dResac, maT
- Page 16 and 17: gamovlil 55 wlis kacs Soris didxans
- Page 18 and 19: liko-varinkas akakisagan~. akakis m
- Page 20 and 21: Cvens saubrebSi ukve araerTxel iTqv
- Page 22 and 23: 22 `yvelaze lamazi~ 1951 `miwa caxc
- Page 24 and 25: debis sabediswero emigraciis, Crdil
- Page 28 and 29: furcelze, ise filmis TavsarT titreb
- Page 30 and 31: qcio qmedebebiT, romelTa erTaderTi
- Page 32 and 33: 32 wm. ninos saxelobis niu-iorkis q
- Page 34 and 35: didxans ucqira frinvelTa nadims, Se
- Page 36 and 37: vardaT mucelSi ena, xmis amoRebas v
- Page 38 and 39: garemoze sasaubrod, sad unda ipovno
- Page 40 and 41: SeiZleba filmi gegonoT, an raindobi
- Page 42 and 43: mivartyi manqanidan Camosvlisas da
- Page 44 and 45: Tumca dRes Tbilisis quCebSi kvlav g
- Page 46 and 47: misamarTze misvlisTanave davusignal
- Page 48 and 49: 48 nomris stumari
- Page 50 and 51: 50 mama-Svili meuRlesTan erTad jari
- Page 52 and 53: didi siamovnebiT davTanxmdi, damewe
- Page 54 and 55: 54 bantiani
- Page 56 and 57: Za: RmerTi eZebs Svils da poulobs m
- Page 58 and 59: miani Tundac orasi wlis mere aRiqva
- Page 60 and 61: adamianebs xSirad metsaxeliT mimar-
- Page 62 and 63: siCume da Cveni gulwrfeli megobroba
- Page 64 and 65: ogor rogor menatrebi menatrebi ulam
- Page 66: patara daCis dabadebas vulocavT iri
poeturi gancda da swored xelovanis<br />
esoden wrfeli da gadamdebi gancvifreba<br />
ganapirobebda mayureblis winaswar<br />
ganwyobas ara martoden filmis<br />
personaJebTan SexvedrisaTvis, aramed<br />
suraTis avtorTan uSualo urTierTobisTvisac.<br />
da axla, Tu kadnierebad ar CamiTvliT,<br />
movixmob erT amonarids swored<br />
imxanad - 1960-Si Tu 1961-Si - daweril<br />
Cemi naSromidan, romelsac `Taoba<br />
da misi bedi~ erqva. movixmob imisTvis,<br />
rom dRevandeli mayurebeli, metadre<br />
- axalgazrdoba ukeT gaerkves, Tu ra<br />
socialuri sinamdvilis, ideaTa Widilisa<br />
da kinoSemoqmedebis konteqstSi<br />
aRiqmeboda imJamad ori kinoSedevri -<br />
`roko da misi Zmebi~ da `tkbili<br />
cxovreba~.<br />
intermedia - CanarTi<br />
`omis Semdgom, sul male, - 50-anis<br />
CamodgomisTanave - gansakuTrebiT mwvaved<br />
iCina Tavi dasavleTis samyaroSi<br />
axalma krizisma, romelic pirvel rig-<br />
Si gamovlinda rogorc sulieri anu<br />
ideebis krizisi. es ar iyo raRac moulodnelad<br />
`Tavsdatexili ubedureba~.<br />
igi kanonzomierad, TandaTan mzaddeboda.<br />
magram Tu es procesi `mamebisTvis~<br />
Tanmimdevruli iyo, `Svilebs~<br />
daxvdaT am procesis mxolod Sedegi.<br />
cxovrebaSi SemosvlisTanave maT dainaxes<br />
irgvliv gamefebuli sibinZure,<br />
sisastike, siyalbe da gamomfitavi er-<br />
Tferovneba. presa ki xmamaRla `winaswarmetyvelebda~<br />
atomuri omis garduvalobas...<br />
da axalgazrdoba, romelsac, cxadia,<br />
ar gaaCnda raime axali Tavisi ideali,<br />
amboxda, uari Tqva yvelaferze,<br />
yovelgvar moralur principze, ramac<br />
gamoxatuleba hpova ukidures anarqizmSi...<br />
da ai, gazeTebi myvirala saTaurebiT<br />
iuwyebian TviTmkvlelobisa da<br />
mkvlelobis, mZarcvelobisa da sisxlis<br />
samarTlis qronikebs, yoveldRiurad<br />
afiqsireben axalgazrdobis ukiduresobamde<br />
misul sulieri sicarielis,<br />
cinizmis, amoralurobis gamovlinebebs...<br />
sazRvargareTuli kinos progresuli<br />
moRvaweebi gverds ver auvlidnen<br />
am mware sinamdviles. asec moxda.<br />
msoflio ekranebze gamoCnda reJisor<br />
nikolas reis `umizezod meamboxe~,<br />
andre kaiatis `warRvnis win~, laslo<br />
benedekis `velurTa brigada~, marsel<br />
karnes `TvalTmaqcebi~, xuan bardemis<br />
`mTavari quCa~, karel reisis `SabaT<br />
saRamos, kviras diliT~, alen renes<br />
`SarSan zafxuls marienbadSi~, franguli<br />
`axali talRis~ liderTa - fransua<br />
triufos da Jan-liuk godaris<br />
pirveli filmebi, klod Sabrolis `bi-<br />
ZaSvilebi~. da bolos, TiTqos yvelas<br />
erTad Semajamebeli lukino viskontis<br />
`roko da misi Zmebi~ da federiko felinis<br />
`tkbili cxovreba~, romelsac<br />
imTaviTve adarebdnen miqelanjelos<br />
freskebs, goias ofortebs, dantes `jojoxeTs~...<br />
zemoT CamoTvlil filmebSi asaxulia<br />
sxvadasxva qveynebis da gansxvavebuli<br />
erovnebis axalgazrdebis cxovrebis<br />
erTi raime momenti Tu etapi.<br />
cxadia, amjerad Cven gvainteresebs<br />
ara maTi gadamRebi reJisorebis filosofiuri<br />
koncefciebi, aramed Tavad<br />
filmebSi asaxuli sinamdvile:<br />
erTgan axalgazrdebi ocnebiT miiltvian<br />
Soreul marjnis kunZulebisken<br />
- isinic SeZrwunebuli arian mosalodneli<br />
atomuri katastrofiT da<br />
`warRvnis win~ gadarCenis imeds eZeben<br />
gaqcevaSi... magram ai, gamoCndnen `Tval-<br />
Tmaqcebi~, romlebic usasrulod msjeloben<br />
atomur omsa da TviTmkvlelobaze,<br />
fransuaza saganis romanebsa da<br />
beketis piesebze da, gamosavlis ZiebaSi,<br />
iZirebian parizis kafeebSi, loTobisa<br />
da Ramis drostarebisaTvis daqiravebul<br />
oTaxebSi, jazis RrialSi, ucxo<br />
loginSi - pirvel SexvedrilTa gverdiT...<br />
mere TiTqos Cadga qarbuqi, dacxrnen<br />
axalgazrdebi da is, rac zogs<br />
saxad saymawvilo senad eCveneboda,<br />
iqca yoveldRiurobad: isev wamieri,<br />
swrafwarmavali sasiyvarulo kavSirebi,<br />
mosawyeni uRimRamo qeifebi, uxaliso<br />
Sexvedrebi da ganSorebebi, usixarulo<br />
warmateba, guls gaukarebeli<br />
xelmocarva, diliT universitetebis<br />
mkacri auditoriebi, RamiT ki isev<br />
Tavbrudamxvevi rokva, ugrZnobi kocnisTvis<br />
meqanikurad gawvdili tuCebi,<br />
alkoholiTa da avadmyofuri vnebiT<br />
dabinduli Tvalebi, uazro yofiT gamofituli<br />
saxeebi...<br />
- ra daayenebT `ZeSecTomilebs~<br />
WeSmaritebis gzaze?<br />
am SekiTxvaze sagulisxmo pasuxad<br />
meCveneba klod Sabrolis `biZaSvilebis~<br />
finali. suraTis mTavar gmirs -<br />
pols xelmarcxad Semoakvdeba provinciidan<br />
parizSi bedis saZieblad Camosuli<br />
biZaSvili Sarli, es Jiulien<br />
sorelisa da rastiniakis dakninebuli<br />
oreuli. pols, romelic uneburi<br />
mkvleli Seiqmna, saxeze aRbeWdia tkivili,<br />
gaoreba, gaurkvevloba... iqve, mis<br />
gverdiT ki, radiolaze isev brunavs<br />
patefonis Savi firfita... brunavs...<br />
brunavs...<br />
... da ai, `tkbili cxovreba~ - misi<br />
sawyisi efeqturi kadrebi:<br />
qristes Crdili dascemia roms -<br />
siZveleebiT damZimebul Ria qalaqs.<br />
helikopterze dakiduli macxovris<br />
qandakeba gadaufrens abdRvialebul<br />
via venetoze Ramis klubebs, feSeneblur<br />
vilebs, Zvel aristokratul cixedarbazes,<br />
kosmopolitur salonebs...<br />
TiTqosda, marTla goias ofortebidan<br />
gadmosulano, landebiviT irevian Ramis<br />
saeWvo duqnebis mudmivi muStrebi;<br />
iaffasiani siZvis diacebi kabareebTan;<br />
sxvaTa intimur cxovrebas dadarajebuli,<br />
sensaciebs daxarbebuli paparaci<br />
reportiorebi; Tavxedi turistebi; aRtkinebuli,<br />
lamis SeSlili fanatikosebi<br />
- `madonas saswaulebrivi gamocxadebis~<br />
adgilze TavSeyrilni; cxovrebamoyirWebuli<br />
milioneris qaliSvili,<br />
meZavi qalis sawolze rom eZleva<br />
vnebaTaRelvas... ai, axali babiloni,<br />
misi ZeSecdomilTa `tkbili cxovreba~<br />
da amaoeba amaoebaTa!<br />
aseT garemoSi gvixatavs felini<br />
Tavis sulierad gaxleCil personaJebs<br />
da erTdroulad imasac migvaniSnebs,<br />
Tu rogori iqnebodnen isini sxva samyaroSi<br />
da rad aqcia Tanadroulma sinamdvilem.<br />
es ar aris ganyenebuli sjani<br />
adamianze an sazogadoebaze. `tkbili<br />
cxovrebis~ personaJebi konkretuli<br />
sazogadoebis istoriis, misi gansaz-<br />
Rvruli momentis Svilebi arian. amitomac<br />
ase Seucdomlad amoicno am<br />
filmSi Tavisi saxe Tanadroulma dasavleTma,<br />
dainaxa sakuTari `gankiTxvis<br />
dRe~. amitomac ase gaborotebiT aRsdgnen<br />
mis winaaRmdeg vatikani, memarjvene<br />
politikuri partiebi da presa.<br />
martoden kaTolikuri eklesiis oficiozma<br />
- `osservatore romanosma~<br />
TerTmeti saredaqcio statia `miuZ-<br />
Rvna~ `tkbil cxovrebas~, TerTmetjer<br />
gadasca igi anaTemas. kinos istoria-<br />
Si jerac ar Cawerila aseTi sastiki<br />
brZola romelime filmis gamo. erTi<br />
kritikosis moxdenili Sedarebisa ar<br />
iyos. felini bibliur brZenTa msgavsad<br />
amxels da winaswarmetyvelebs swored<br />
im sazogadoebis kraxs, romelsac<br />
Tavadve ekuTvnis~.<br />
lukino viskonti ki gansxvavebuli<br />
poziiciidan, sul sxvagvarad Wvretda<br />
da ganixilavda `rokoSi~ Tavis personaJebs<br />
- mRelvared, gulSeZrulad, TanagrZnobiT<br />
da, imavdroulad, yovelgvari<br />
macTunebeli sibralulis gareSe. es<br />
aris mZime da mware istoriuli gamocdilebis<br />
pozicia. igi uRrmavdeba da<br />
xsnis ara oden fsiqologiur, aramed<br />
im socialur kanonzomierebasac, romelsac<br />
xSirad mihyavs adamiani fatalur<br />
Sedegamde - TviTmsxvrevamde, roca adamiani<br />
uneburad da gaucnobiereblad Tvi-<br />
Tonve xdeba sakuTari Tavis damRupveli<br />
viTarebis xelSemwyobi.<br />
TiTqos moulodnelia, rom `rokos~<br />
literaturuli Tavwyaroebidan viskontis<br />
- rogorc scenaris satitulo<br />
27
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