ganmarteba - MAMULI
ganmarteba - MAMULI ganmarteba - MAMULI
22 `yvelaze lamazi~ 1951 `miwa caxcaxebs~ 1948 `TeTri Rameebi~ 1957 saswaulebrivad gadaurCa ganaCenis aRsrulebas da mravaldRian SimSilgamovlili, magram gautexeli, ukve mZime distrofiiT dasneulebuli, sakaciiT gamoutaniaT megobrebs `iakarinodan~. aqve xazgasmiT vityvi: viskonti sicocxlis bolomde iyo antifaSisti da Seurigebel antifaSistadve darCa xelovnebaSic. amjerad, `viskontianas~ am pirvel gadacemaSi, Cven vixilavT saukunis didi reJisoris erT-erT dauviwyar naxelqmnars, films `roko da misi Zmebi~. problemas, romelic wamoWrilia am suraTSi, Tavad italielebi `samxreTis sakiTxs~ uwodeben. igi Rrma istoriuli Zirebis, adamianurad Zalze mtkivneuli problemaa da mis gamo viskontis Cafiqrebuli hqonda farTo kinotrilogia Tu triptiqi. misi pirveli kari - filmi `miwa caxcaxebs~ gadai- Ro 1947-48 wlebSi. `roko da misi Zmebi~ kinotrilogiis meore filmia. igi 1960-Si gamovida. triptiqis mesame kari ki saerTod ar gadaRebula. viskontis mudam itacebda da aRelvebda `ojaxis Tema~ anu cxovrebaSi mravalsuliani ojaxis erTobisa da gadarCenisaTvis, mzis qveSeTSi Seni adgilisaTvis brZolis, adamianuri RirsebisaTvis SemarTebis Tema. `roko da mis ZmebSi~ ki tradiciuli ojaxis rRvevisa da sulierad gadagvarebis tragedia sruliad gansxvavebul mas- StabSia gadmocemuli. SemTxveviT ar acxadebda reJisori imTaviTve, rom es suraTi `realistur tragediad~ maqvs warmodgenilio. xolo Zala im gulaxdilobisa da emociurobis, romliTac `roko da mis ZmebSi~ wamoWrilia imJamindel italielTa saarsebo problemebi, films uTuod aqcevda socialuri sinamdvilis mniSvnelovan faqtad da, imavdroulad, cxadi xdeboda, rom viskonti ukve sul sxva elfers aniWebda da axali mimarTulebiT warmarTavda im mxatvrul aRmoCenebs, romelic Tavis droze mohyva neorealizmis mdinarebas. lukino viskontis ganumeorebeli talanti, samyaros originaluri Wvreta da gancda, misi individualuri xelwera iseTi ZaliTa da simkveTriT vlindeba mis filmebSi - Znelad, rom daeWvdes vinme am suraTebis avtoriseul sawyisebSi. arada, viskontis filmebis umetesoba literaturuli nawarmoebebis ekranizaciebia. Zneli warmosadgenia am xelovanis Rrma da intensiuri sulieri cxovreba misi mSobliuri qveynis mxatvrul memkvidreobasTan da, saerTod, evropul kulturasTan ganuy-
eli kavSiris gareSe. aq idebda saTaves misi mravalferovani da mravalwaxnagovani Semoqmedeba, misi ltolva sxvadasxva avtorebisadmi: Seqspiri da stendali, goldoni da bomarSe, verga da kamiu, dostoevski da Cexovi, Tomas mani da marsel prusti, Jan kokto, anui... mas TiTqos xelTepyra raRac jadosnuri gasaRebi, romli- Tac axleburad xorcs asxavda am avtorTa nawarmoebebs, xelaxla xsnida da avlenda maT arssac da azrs sakuTari reJisoruli koncefciiT - scenasa Tu kinoekranze. diax, viskontis filmebis avtoriseuloba ganpirobebulia Tavad xelovanis mxatvruli palitris ferTa siuxviT, daxvewili reJisoruli partituriT da, uwinares yovlisa, CanafiqriT - drosTan, mRelvare sinamdvilesTan Tanxmier CanafiqriT, romelic moedineboda avtoris msoflSegrZebidan, msoflWvretidan. raRa Tqma unda, yofiereba da gzasavali iseTi Rrma da daucxromlad ma- Ziebeli xelovanisa, rogoric lukino viskonti gaxldaT, oden vard-yvavilebiT mofenili ver iqneboda. mas araerTgzis ganucdia aTvalwunebisa da xelovnebaSi misi Rvawlis daunaxaobiT gamowveuli Takilic; ugrZvnia da Seucvnia sakuTari xelmocarvis, zogjer ki aSkara Cavardnebis tkivilis sisastikec. da mainc, swored mas SeeZlo eTqva - da Tqva kidec: `yvelafers, rac sicocxleSi mikeTebia, oden kargad vakeTebdio~. es sityvebi ki imis dasturi da gamoxatulebaa, rom Tavad masSi arasodes Canavlula da Canacrebula Semoqmedebis uwmindesi cecxli; da maTSi imis miniSnebac ismis, rom igi yovel Tavis naxelqmnarSi axorcielebda ukompromiso umaRlesi ostatobis miRwevis sakuTar ltolvasa da wadils. da iqneb, swored ostatobis, `xelobis~ dauflebis kriteriumia is uaRresad faseuli aRTqma Tu anderZi, romelsac kinematografistTa axal Taobebs utovebda didi maestro - lukino viskonti. aqve aRvniSnav - viskonti arc sadme da arca vis miuCneviaT bedis nebier, e.w. `modur~ reJisorad. arada, viRa ar yofila modaSi mis TanamedroveTagan - Jan renuari Tu roselini, bergmani Tu kurosava, antonioni Tu felini, xiCkoki, triufo, godari... viskontis ki, marTalia, ver Cqmalavdnen, magram misi saxelis irgvlis `sicivis~ an dumilis gamefebas ki cdilobdnen saeWvo mimarTulebisa Tu mizandasaxulobis presa da kritika. `amxedrebul snobebs~ TavianTi sinamdvilis Zalze dauride- bel mxilebad, an yvedrebad eCvenebodaT misi gulaxdilad moubari da araCveulebrivad daxvewili ostatobiT Sesrulebuli filmebi, maTi TvalsazrisiT, viskontis Semoqmedeba moklebuli iyo e.w. `Tanadrouli kinos~ namdvil garegnul niSnebs. TumcaRa, viskontis arcTu iSviaTad uwodebdnen `perfekcionists~. es gamoTqma warmomdgaria franguli sityvidan - `perfection~, rac `srulqmnils~, `srulyofilebas~ niSnavs. drom, JamTasvlam daadastura am wodebis miniWebis samar- Tlianoba im xelovanisTvis, romlis saxeli da naxelqmnari Rirseulad Sevida da damkvidrda msoflio xelovnebis istoriaSi. SemTxveviT ar SeurqmeviaT Tanamemamuleebs misTvis - `aRorZinebis xanis didostat mxatvarTa toli da swori xelovani~. viskontis kinoSemoqmedeba, metadre misi `meore periodi~ - dawyebuli filmebiT `roko da misi Zmebi~ da `leopardi~, sul ufro da ufro sibrZniT daxunZlulad warmogvidgeboda. sicocxlis bolo wlebSi igi Zalze axlo iyo Tavis kinoTxrobaSi farTo da tevad romanul formasTan. axal epikur saxierebas iZendnen ara martoden misi e.w. `germanuli trilogia~ - `RmerTebis daRupva~, `ludvigi~ da `sikvdili veneciaSi~, aramed Semdgomi suraTebic: `ojaxis portreti interierSi~ (Tavisi moCvenebiTi kamerulobiT) da viskontis bolo filmi - `udana- Saulo~ (e.w. `danuncios kompleqsis~ daZlevis cda). TiTqos aRaraferi aSorebda did xelovans, rom xorci Seesxa ekranze Tavisi didi xnis CanafiqrnaocnebarisaTvis - gadaeRo ekranizaciebi Tomas manis `jadosnuri mTis~ da marsel prustis romanisa - `dakarguli drois ZiebaSi~. magram... ulmobelia wuTisoflis triali. 1976-is swored am TveSi - 17 marts aResrula viskonti. jer 70-ic ar Sesruleboda. albaT ar darCenila dasavleTSi gazeTi Tu Jurnali, radio - Tu telearxi - wrfeli dananebiT rom ar gamoTxoveboda mas. maxsovs erTi popularuli gamocema werda: `misi biografia istoriis Sedevrad moCans - masSi ise Tvalxmierad aisaxa italiis - da saerTod - didi evropuli kulturis uwyveteloba, misi ZirZveli, maRali tradiciebisa da dekadenturi esTetizmis winaaRmdegobrivi kavSiri~. ... vgrZnob, rom rogorRac gagvigrZelda winaTqma, magram viskontis gamo SemdegisTvisac bevria saTqmeli. amje- rad ki, filmis Cvenebis dawyebamde, albaT, mainc unda aRiniSnos erTi sagulisxmo garemoeba: rogorc viciT (da vinc ar icis - axla ixilavs), - `roko da misi Zmebi~ iwyeba imiT, rom samxreT italieli, lukanieli pafundebis mravalsuliani ojaxi, romelsac marCenali mama daukargavs, winaparTa keridan ayrila da - dabneuli da miusafari - ukve CrdiloeTis didi samrewvelo qalaqis, milanis rkinigzis vagzalzea... filmis dramaturgiul fuZeSi anu scenarSi ki aris `prologi~, romelic, samwuxarod, viskontis ar gadauRia. `samwuxarod~-meTqi, rameTu, SesaZloa, igi italieli mayureblisaTvis aucilebeli arc iyo, metadre - maSin, roca maT sulSi jer isev `duRda~ e.w. `samxreTis problema~, magram sxva qveynebis mayureblebisaTvis lukaniel glex- Ta iZulebiTi emigraciis mTeli tragizmis warmosadgenad, vfiqrob, saWiro da aucilebelic ki iyo es mokle `prologi~. ai, isic: `... dilabindia. wvims da gaSmagebiT uberavs qari. zRvac gaavebula da zaTqiT, RrialiT awydeba kldovan napirs... koncxze nislSi ilandeba oTxi adamianis uZravi figura. amaTgan ors mxrebze kubo SeudgamT. isini moulodneli moZraobiT kubos maRla asweven da zRvaSi isvrian... erTi vaJi win gamodis. wvima da cremli usvelebs saxes. qviTins Zlivs ikavebs da ambobs: - me simone var. SenTvis gamosaTxovari sityva vinCencos unda eTqva. is aris Seni ufrosi Svili. magram axla igi Sorsaa da Cveni ara icis ra. Sen rom zamTarSi momkvdariyavi, dasamarxavad bernalSi wagiRebdiT. iq aris sasaflao. axla ki yvelgan mewyeria, yvelaferi lafSi efloba da gza arsad Cans... simones gverdiT dgeba meore Zma da gaubedavad warmoTqvams: - me roko var. gulSi mwuxareba Cagvidga da nugeSismcemeli aravin a. magram mand, zRvis fskerze, sxvebica wvanan, isini yvela Seni megobrebi arian... Zmebi ukan brundebian, uxmod Cauvlian lukaniaSi Sromis birJasTan TavSeyril umuSevar Tanasoflelebs... Semdeg ismis ojaxis dedis - qvrivi rozarias werili ufrosi Svilisadmi, romelSic Taviseburad axsnilia ojaxis sasowarkveTa da milanSi Camosvlis iZulebiTi nabiji...~ vimeoreb, samxreTeli Rataki pafun- 23
- Page 2 and 3: gamocemis gamocemis me-9 me-9 weli
- Page 4 and 5: 4 levan fanCviZe wvimda da aRar gad
- Page 6 and 7: fers moiTxovda anazRaurebis magvars
- Page 8 and 9: 8 stumrad CvenTan nato gelaSvili da
- Page 10 and 11: me dRemde vcxovrob im saxlSi, romel
- Page 12 and 13: `ra lana lana RoRober RoRoberiZe: R
- Page 14 and 15: imarTeboda, da imarTeba dResac, maT
- Page 16 and 17: gamovlil 55 wlis kacs Soris didxans
- Page 18 and 19: liko-varinkas akakisagan~. akakis m
- Page 20 and 21: Cvens saubrebSi ukve araerTxel iTqv
- Page 24 and 25: debis sabediswero emigraciis, Crdil
- Page 26 and 27: 26 `sikvdili veneciaSi~ 1971 `udana
- Page 28 and 29: furcelze, ise filmis TavsarT titreb
- Page 30 and 31: qcio qmedebebiT, romelTa erTaderTi
- Page 32 and 33: 32 wm. ninos saxelobis niu-iorkis q
- Page 34 and 35: didxans ucqira frinvelTa nadims, Se
- Page 36 and 37: vardaT mucelSi ena, xmis amoRebas v
- Page 38 and 39: garemoze sasaubrod, sad unda ipovno
- Page 40 and 41: SeiZleba filmi gegonoT, an raindobi
- Page 42 and 43: mivartyi manqanidan Camosvlisas da
- Page 44 and 45: Tumca dRes Tbilisis quCebSi kvlav g
- Page 46 and 47: misamarTze misvlisTanave davusignal
- Page 48 and 49: 48 nomris stumari
- Page 50 and 51: 50 mama-Svili meuRlesTan erTad jari
- Page 52 and 53: didi siamovnebiT davTanxmdi, damewe
- Page 54 and 55: 54 bantiani
- Page 56 and 57: Za: RmerTi eZebs Svils da poulobs m
- Page 58 and 59: miani Tundac orasi wlis mere aRiqva
- Page 60 and 61: adamianebs xSirad metsaxeliT mimar-
- Page 62 and 63: siCume da Cveni gulwrfeli megobroba
- Page 64 and 65: ogor rogor menatrebi menatrebi ulam
- Page 66: patara daCis dabadebas vulocavT iri
eli kavSiris gareSe. aq idebda saTaves<br />
misi mravalferovani da mravalwaxnagovani<br />
Semoqmedeba, misi ltolva sxvadasxva<br />
avtorebisadmi:<br />
Seqspiri da stendali, goldoni da<br />
bomarSe, verga da kamiu, dostoevski da<br />
Cexovi, Tomas mani da marsel prusti,<br />
Jan kokto, anui... mas TiTqos xelTepyra<br />
raRac jadosnuri gasaRebi, romli-<br />
Tac axleburad xorcs asxavda am avtorTa<br />
nawarmoebebs, xelaxla xsnida da<br />
avlenda maT arssac da azrs sakuTari<br />
reJisoruli koncefciiT - scenasa Tu<br />
kinoekranze. diax, viskontis filmebis<br />
avtoriseuloba ganpirobebulia Tavad<br />
xelovanis mxatvruli palitris ferTa<br />
siuxviT, daxvewili reJisoruli partituriT<br />
da, uwinares yovlisa, CanafiqriT<br />
- drosTan, mRelvare sinamdvilesTan<br />
Tanxmier CanafiqriT, romelic<br />
moedineboda avtoris msoflSegrZebidan,<br />
msoflWvretidan.<br />
raRa Tqma unda, yofiereba da gzasavali<br />
iseTi Rrma da daucxromlad ma-<br />
Ziebeli xelovanisa, rogoric lukino<br />
viskonti gaxldaT, oden vard-yvavilebiT<br />
mofenili ver iqneboda. mas araerTgzis<br />
ganucdia aTvalwunebisa da<br />
xelovnebaSi misi Rvawlis daunaxaobiT<br />
gamowveuli Takilic; ugrZvnia da<br />
Seucvnia sakuTari xelmocarvis, zogjer<br />
ki aSkara Cavardnebis tkivilis sisastikec.<br />
da mainc, swored mas SeeZlo<br />
eTqva - da Tqva kidec: `yvelafers, rac<br />
sicocxleSi mikeTebia, oden kargad<br />
vakeTebdio~. es sityvebi ki imis dasturi<br />
da gamoxatulebaa, rom Tavad masSi<br />
arasodes Canavlula da Canacrebula<br />
Semoqmedebis uwmindesi cecxli; da<br />
maTSi imis miniSnebac ismis, rom igi<br />
yovel Tavis naxelqmnarSi axorcielebda<br />
ukompromiso umaRlesi ostatobis<br />
miRwevis sakuTar ltolvasa da wadils.<br />
da iqneb, swored ostatobis, `xelobis~<br />
dauflebis kriteriumia is uaRresad<br />
faseuli aRTqma Tu anderZi, romelsac<br />
kinematografistTa axal Taobebs utovebda<br />
didi maestro - lukino viskonti.<br />
aqve aRvniSnav - viskonti arc sadme<br />
da arca vis miuCneviaT bedis nebier,<br />
e.w. `modur~ reJisorad. arada, viRa<br />
ar yofila modaSi mis TanamedroveTagan<br />
- Jan renuari Tu roselini, bergmani<br />
Tu kurosava, antonioni Tu felini,<br />
xiCkoki, triufo, godari... viskontis<br />
ki, marTalia, ver Cqmalavdnen, magram<br />
misi saxelis irgvlis `sicivis~ an<br />
dumilis gamefebas ki cdilobdnen saeWvo<br />
mimarTulebisa Tu mizandasaxulobis<br />
presa da kritika. `amxedrebul snobebs~<br />
TavianTi sinamdvilis Zalze dauride-<br />
bel mxilebad, an yvedrebad eCvenebodaT<br />
misi gulaxdilad moubari da araCveulebrivad<br />
daxvewili ostatobiT Sesrulebuli<br />
filmebi, maTi TvalsazrisiT,<br />
viskontis Semoqmedeba moklebuli<br />
iyo e.w. `Tanadrouli kinos~ namdvil<br />
garegnul niSnebs.<br />
TumcaRa, viskontis arcTu iSviaTad<br />
uwodebdnen `perfekcionists~. es gamoTqma<br />
warmomdgaria franguli sityvidan<br />
- `perfection~, rac `srulqmnils~, `srulyofilebas~<br />
niSnavs. drom, JamTasvlam<br />
daadastura am wodebis miniWebis samar-<br />
Tlianoba im xelovanisTvis, romlis<br />
saxeli da naxelqmnari Rirseulad Sevida<br />
da damkvidrda msoflio xelovnebis<br />
istoriaSi. SemTxveviT ar SeurqmeviaT<br />
Tanamemamuleebs misTvis - `aRorZinebis<br />
xanis didostat mxatvarTa toli<br />
da swori xelovani~.<br />
viskontis kinoSemoqmedeba, metadre<br />
misi `meore periodi~ - dawyebuli<br />
filmebiT `roko da misi Zmebi~ da<br />
`leopardi~, sul ufro da ufro sibrZniT<br />
daxunZlulad warmogvidgeboda.<br />
sicocxlis bolo wlebSi igi Zalze<br />
axlo iyo Tavis kinoTxrobaSi farTo<br />
da tevad romanul formasTan. axal<br />
epikur saxierebas iZendnen ara martoden<br />
misi e.w. `germanuli trilogia~<br />
- `RmerTebis daRupva~, `ludvigi~ da<br />
`sikvdili veneciaSi~, aramed Semdgomi<br />
suraTebic: `ojaxis portreti interierSi~<br />
(Tavisi moCvenebiTi kamerulobiT)<br />
da viskontis bolo filmi - `udana-<br />
Saulo~ (e.w. `danuncios kompleqsis~<br />
daZlevis cda). TiTqos aRaraferi aSorebda<br />
did xelovans, rom xorci Seesxa<br />
ekranze Tavisi didi xnis CanafiqrnaocnebarisaTvis<br />
- gadaeRo ekranizaciebi<br />
Tomas manis `jadosnuri mTis~ da<br />
marsel prustis romanisa - `dakarguli<br />
drois ZiebaSi~.<br />
magram... ulmobelia wuTisoflis<br />
triali. 1976-is swored am TveSi - 17<br />
marts aResrula viskonti. jer 70-ic<br />
ar Sesruleboda. albaT ar darCenila<br />
dasavleTSi gazeTi Tu Jurnali,<br />
radio - Tu telearxi - wrfeli dananebiT<br />
rom ar gamoTxoveboda mas. maxsovs<br />
erTi popularuli gamocema werda:<br />
`misi biografia istoriis Sedevrad<br />
moCans - masSi ise Tvalxmierad aisaxa<br />
italiis - da saerTod - didi evropuli<br />
kulturis uwyveteloba, misi<br />
ZirZveli, maRali tradiciebisa da dekadenturi<br />
esTetizmis winaaRmdegobrivi<br />
kavSiri~.<br />
... vgrZnob, rom rogorRac gagvigrZelda<br />
winaTqma, magram viskontis gamo<br />
SemdegisTvisac bevria saTqmeli. amje-<br />
rad ki, filmis Cvenebis dawyebamde, albaT,<br />
mainc unda aRiniSnos erTi sagulisxmo<br />
garemoeba:<br />
rogorc viciT (da vinc ar icis -<br />
axla ixilavs), - `roko da misi Zmebi~<br />
iwyeba imiT, rom samxreT italieli,<br />
lukanieli pafundebis mravalsuliani<br />
ojaxi, romelsac marCenali mama<br />
daukargavs, winaparTa keridan ayrila<br />
da - dabneuli da miusafari - ukve<br />
CrdiloeTis didi samrewvelo qalaqis,<br />
milanis rkinigzis vagzalzea...<br />
filmis dramaturgiul fuZeSi anu<br />
scenarSi ki aris `prologi~, romelic,<br />
samwuxarod, viskontis ar gadauRia.<br />
`samwuxarod~-meTqi, rameTu, SesaZloa,<br />
igi italieli mayureblisaTvis aucilebeli<br />
arc iyo, metadre - maSin, roca<br />
maT sulSi jer isev `duRda~ e.w. `samxreTis<br />
problema~, magram sxva qveynebis<br />
mayureblebisaTvis lukaniel glex-<br />
Ta iZulebiTi emigraciis mTeli tragizmis<br />
warmosadgenad, vfiqrob, saWiro<br />
da aucilebelic ki iyo es mokle `prologi~.<br />
ai, isic:<br />
`... dilabindia. wvims da gaSmagebiT<br />
uberavs qari. zRvac gaavebula<br />
da zaTqiT, RrialiT awydeba<br />
kldovan napirs... koncxze nislSi<br />
ilandeba oTxi adamianis uZravi figura.<br />
amaTgan ors mxrebze kubo SeudgamT.<br />
isini moulodneli moZraobiT<br />
kubos maRla asweven da zRvaSi<br />
isvrian... erTi vaJi win gamodis.<br />
wvima da cremli usvelebs saxes.<br />
qviTins Zlivs ikavebs da ambobs:<br />
- me simone var. SenTvis gamosaTxovari<br />
sityva vinCencos unda eTqva.<br />
is aris Seni ufrosi Svili. magram<br />
axla igi Sorsaa da Cveni ara icis<br />
ra. Sen rom zamTarSi momkvdariyavi,<br />
dasamarxavad bernalSi wagiRebdiT.<br />
iq aris sasaflao. axla ki yvelgan<br />
mewyeria, yvelaferi lafSi efloba<br />
da gza arsad Cans...<br />
simones gverdiT dgeba meore Zma<br />
da gaubedavad warmoTqvams:<br />
- me roko var. gulSi mwuxareba<br />
Cagvidga da nugeSismcemeli aravin<br />
a. magram mand, zRvis fskerze, sxvebica<br />
wvanan, isini yvela Seni megobrebi<br />
arian...<br />
Zmebi ukan brundebian, uxmod Cauvlian<br />
lukaniaSi Sromis birJasTan<br />
TavSeyril umuSevar Tanasoflelebs...<br />
Semdeg ismis ojaxis dedis - qvrivi<br />
rozarias werili ufrosi Svilisadmi,<br />
romelSic Taviseburad axsnilia<br />
ojaxis sasowarkveTa da milanSi<br />
Camosvlis iZulebiTi nabiji...~<br />
vimeoreb, samxreTeli Rataki pafun-<br />
23
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