PDF EBOOK DOWNLOAD Thinking Like a Phage: The Genius of the Viruses That Infect Bacteria and Archaea

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Description :
It isn't easy to be a phage. First, what is a phage? A phage is a
virus that infects microbial cells, specifically bacterial or
archaeal cells. To succeed, a phage must encounter,
recognize, and then deliver its chromosome into a particular
type of cell. This presumptive invasion is met by the cell's
stateoftheart defenses. Unless it dodges or neutralizes every
one, the phage chromosome will be chopped into a nutritious
snack for the cell. If the phage survives, it then quickly takes
over the cell's metabolic machinery and diverts it to production
of more phages, rather than more cells. This requires intimate
knowledge of the regulatory systems that this host uses to
coordinate its activities. The phage skillfully manipulates these
activities to provide a steady supply of the energy and
materials needed to support phage replication. Under phage
supervision, production of phage components proceeds at top
speed, with all parts produced when needed and in the
quantities required. As the pieces come off the assembly line,
they assemble themselves into sophisticated transport
packages, each carrying a phage chromosome and capable of
delivering it into a new host cell. When a new crop of progeny
is ready?–?perhaps 25, 100, or more of them?–?the phage
ruptures the cell to free them all and send them out into the
world in quest of hosts of their own. These events comprise
what is known as standard lytic replication. However, many
phages have the option to follow a different script. When they
arrive in a host, they can opt to delay immediate hostile
takeover and to instead form a coalition with the host. In this
case, the phage inserts its chromosome into that of the host.
Now, as the host grows and divides, the combined
chromosome is replicated and inherited by both daughter cells.
This can continue for many generations, with the phage paying

rent in the form of some useful services. However, the phage
considers that it has signed only a momenttomoment lease. If
the cell encounters lifethreatening difficulties, the phage
switches to rapid replication. Cell rupture and release of the
new phages follows quickly. Each step of the way presents
challenges that test the ingenuity of the phages. In this
engaging book, Merry Youle relates some of the tactics used
by 21 pheatured phages to outwit their host and successfully
maintain their own lineage generation after generation. The
text is accompanied by pertinent electron micrographs,
tomographic reconstructions, and other structural diagrams
every chapter is enlivened by informative illustrations created
by San Diego fine artist Leah Pantéa. The writing focuses on
the strategies and underlying principles, with a minimum of
jargon. Since some knowledge of molecular biology is required
to appreciate the phage wizardry, a primer of the needed
basics is provided for those unfamiliar with that subject. Thus,
the book is accessible to a wide audience.Despite being the
most abundant life form, the phages?–?being much smaller
than even the microbes they infect?–?elude our everyday
perception. Thinking Like a Phage offers a tour of this unseen
dimension of life on Earth. Whether you are an expert or new
to the phage world, these vignettes drawn from phage life will
intrigue you. Awareness of this vast, creative, yet invisible
realm can enrich your appreciation for the living world of which
we, as Homo sapiens, are a small part. em em

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