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species from this section were excluded from both Paecilomyces and Isaria and still await transfers into appropriate
anamorphic genera (Table 3). Most recently, Paec. lilacinus was transferred to a new (as yet monotypic) genus in
Ophiocordycipitaceae as Purpureocillium lilacinum (Luangsa-ard et al. 2011).
EXTREMELY IMPORTANT NEWS ABOUT CHANGES
IN FUNGAL NOMENCLATURAL RULES
Dual nomenclature for anamorphic and teleomorphic generic names has been eliminated – The longused
established and accepted use of a dual nomenclatural system under the International Code of Botanical
Nomenclature was replaced during the 2012 International Botanical Congress in Melbourne, Australia, and
replaced with a new standard generally referred to as One Fungus = One Name (or by the shorter 1F=1N)
(Hawksworth 2011, Hawksworth et al. 2011, Norvell 2011, Taylor 2011) under which a still undefined, unstaffed
system of committees of mycologists will have to consider all linked conidial (anamorphic) and sexual
(teleomorphic) genera of pleomorphic fungi and choose one generic name–generally expected to be the oldest
published applicable name–will be accepted (prioritized?) while the use of all other linked generic names will be
suppressed, and the species in the suppressed genera will need to be transferred to the accepted (prioritized)
genus. Since no committees have yet been established nor any decisions rendered, no official information can be
given here to suggestion exactly how entomopathogenic fungi (especially those in Hypocreales) will be affected,
but it is that the following will represent a few of the probable resulting decisions for some of these fungi in
the following families. The probable ACCEPTED generic names are given followed by the linked genera to be
suppressed and synonymized in parentheses :
Clavicipitaceae: METARHIZIUM (Metacordyceps, Nomuraea, Pochonia, Rotiferophthora, etc.)
Cordycipitaceae: CORDYCEPS (Beauveria, Isaria, Lecanicillium, Microhilum, Simplicillium, etc.)
Ophiocordycipitaceae: OPHIOCORDYCEPS (Hirsutella, Hymenostilbe, Paraisaria, Purpureocillium,
Sorosporella, Syngliocladium)
Because Ophiocordyceps is a much newer genus than some of its linked anamorphic (conidial) genera, it may
not eventually be the case that this teleomorphic genus will be accepted as prioritized over its anamorphs;
none of those anamorphic genera may be regarded as sufficiently important (except, possibly, Hirsutella) to be
accepted in place of Ophiocordyceps. The problem with Hirsutella, however, is that this genus is very plastic and
comparatively poorly understood despite its many described species, and its species are anamorphic states for
fungi in all three of the families listed above.
Some of the problems of the loss of Article 59 of the ICBN (now renamed the International Code of Nomenclature
for algae, fungi and plants) and of dual nomenclature are discussed by Gams et al. (2012). No official changes in
this highly disruptive new standard for fungal nomenclature are possible until the 2017 Botanical Congress at the
earliest, and it will probably be unrealistic to expect any significant change of the newly adopted rules (and even
much less likely that the situation will be reversed to reflect procedures before the 2012 changes).
REFERENCES
Gams W. 1971. Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Hyphomycetes). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Gams W, Hodge KT, Samson RA, Korf RP, Seifert KA. 2005. (1684) Proposal to conserve the name Isaria (anamorphic fungi) with a conserved type. Taxon 52:
537. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25065390
Gams W, Humber RA, Jaklitsch, Kirschner R, Stadler M. 2012. Minimizing the chaos following the loss of Article 59: Suggestions for a discussion. Mycotaxon
(in press).
Gams W, Zare R. 2001. A revision of Verticillium sect. Prostrata. III. Generic classification. Nova Hedwigia 72: 329-337.
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