rusudan sanaZe - press.tsu.ge
rusudan sanaZe - press.tsu.ge rusudan sanaZe - press.tsu.ge
avtoris stili daculia ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti ganaTlebis mecnierebebi rusudan sanaZe umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis mecnierebebis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili d i s e r t a c i a Tbilisi 2009 samecniero xelmZRvaneli: pedagogikis mecnierebaTa doqtori profesori q. Wkuaseli
- Page 2 and 3: s a r C e v i Sesavali. . . . . . .
- Page 4 and 5: 1988 wlis 18 seqtembers boloniaSi e
- Page 6 and 7: maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis
- Page 8 and 9: dasacavad gamogvaqvs debulebebi: 1.
- Page 10 and 11: praRis (1348w, CexeTi), krakovis (1
- Page 12 and 13: dayvanas, miviRebT Tanamedrove univ
- Page 14 and 15: unarebis sinTezis gaTvaliswinebiT d
- Page 16 and 17: � meore, safrangeTSi realizebuli
- Page 18 and 19: aodenobriv zrdaze iyo mimarTuli. re
- Page 20 and 21: � meore modeli _ binaruli sistema
- Page 22 and 23: sistema, romelSic dominirebs univer
- Page 24 and 25: TiToeuli qveynisaTvis cal-calke gan
- Page 26 and 27: amgvari formulirebis garda, umaRles
- Page 28 and 29: federaluri da miwebis saministroebi
- Page 30 and 31: samagistro programebis danergva moT
- Page 32 and 33: periodiT Cairicxos pirobiTad) an Ca
- Page 34 and 35: umaRlesi skolis CarCo pirobebis gaT
- Page 36 and 37: maqsimaluri xangrZlivoba xuT wels S
- Page 38 and 39: aRniSnuli procedura TiToeuli depart
- Page 40 and 41: nebismieri umaRlesi dawesebulebis n
- Page 42 and 43: da saboloo gamocdebze ganmeorebiT g
- Page 44 and 45: menejmentSi, industriul inJineriaSi
- Page 46 and 47: safuZvelze muSaobs. dafinanseba Sei
- Page 48 and 49: daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
- Page 50 and 51: daniSnuleba. amasTan, maT ar hqonda
avtoris stili daculia<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti<br />
ganaTlebis mecnierebebi<br />
<strong>rusudan</strong> <strong>sanaZe</strong><br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli<br />
saqmianobis Sefasebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
ganaTlebis mecnierebebis doqtoris (Ph.D.)<br />
akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili<br />
d i s e r t a c i a<br />
Tbilisi<br />
2009<br />
samecniero xelmZRvaneli:<br />
pedagogikis mecnierebaTa doqtori<br />
profesori q. Wkuaseli
s a r C e v i<br />
Sesavali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3<br />
Tavi I. umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis saqmianobis<br />
sauniversiteto orientirebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
$1.OumaRlesi skolis mizani (istoria da Tanamedroveoba) . . . 9<br />
$2.OumaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
Tavi II. umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis Sefaseba studentis<br />
mier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
$1. maswavleblis sauniversiteto saqmianobis Sefasebis<br />
saakreditacio moTxovnebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
$2.OsaganmanaTleblo sivrceSi studentis mier maswavleblis<br />
Sefasebis arsebuli kiTxvarebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
$3.O kvlevis Sedegad Seqmnili studentis mier maswavleblis<br />
Sefasebis kiTxvarebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160<br />
danarTiN1:OumaRlesi ganaTleba didi britaneTsa da<br />
CrdiloeT irlandiis gaerTianebul samefoSi . . . .<br />
danarTiN2: umaRlesi ganaTleba amerikis SeerTebuli StatebSi 182<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195<br />
9<br />
56<br />
70<br />
70<br />
79<br />
97<br />
163
Sesavali<br />
sazogadoebaSi mimdinare socialur-politikur cvlilebebs<br />
uciloblad mohyveba ganaTlebis sistemis Sesabamisi cvlilebebi.<br />
sxvagvarad sazogadoebis ganviTareba warmoud<strong>ge</strong>nelia.<br />
amgvari kanonzomierebidan gamomdinare, bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi<br />
mimdinare socialurma da ekonomikurma procesebma dRis wesrigSi<br />
ganaTlebis sistemis radikaluri cvlilebis sakiTxi daayena. aucilebeli<br />
gaxda msoflio saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi Cveni qveynis integracia da<br />
saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo standartebis donis miRweva. Sesabamisad,<br />
90-iani wlebidan saqarTveloSi daiwyo saganmanaTleblo reforma, romelic<br />
moicavs rogorc umaRlesi, ise saSualo ganaTlebis sferoebs.<br />
am mimarTebiT ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetSi ara erTi seriozuli cvlileba gatarda. kerZod:<br />
� 1994-95 wlebSi yvela fakulteti, garda iuridiulisa, gadavida<br />
swavlebis axlebur, orsafexurian struqturaze _ bakalavriatisa da<br />
magistraturis programebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
� orsafexurian sistemaze gadasvlam aucilebeli gaxada saswavlo<br />
<strong>ge</strong>gmebisa da programebis da codnis xarisxis Sefasebis sistemis<br />
msoflio praqtikasTan harmonizaciaSi moyvanis aucilebloba, rac<br />
etapobrivad kidec mimdinareobda.<br />
� 2003 wels dainerga maswavlebelTa sauniversiteto momzadebis axali<br />
programa. Seiqmna saswavlo procesis paraleluri ujredi, romelic<br />
studentebs maswavleblis profesiis dauflebis arCeviTobis saSualebas<br />
aZlevda.<br />
� studentTa mobilurobam da saerTaSoriso sivrceSi integraciam<br />
moiTxova sakredito sistemis SemoReba. partniori universitetebis<br />
gamocdilebis, arsebuli literaturis, sxva qveynebis sakredito<br />
sistemebis analizis safuZvelze, Tsu-Si 2001 wlis seqtembridan<br />
SemoRebul iqna sakredito sistema.<br />
3
1988 wlis 18 seqtembers boloniaSi evropis qveynebis universitetebis<br />
reqtorebis Sekrebaze Seiqmna universitetebis didi qarTia (Magna Charta<br />
Universitatum), romelic cxadad gamoxatavs msoflio saganmanaTleblo<br />
sivrceSi mimdinare globalizaciis procesebis moTxovnebsa Tu zogad<br />
CarCoebs. ivane javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi<br />
gatarebuli qmedebebi, ra Tqma, unda zustad ver asaxavda boloniis<br />
procesebis Tanamedrove kriteriumebs, magram nebismier siaxleze gadasvlis<br />
sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT am cvlilebebma udaod dadebiTi roli iTamaSa<br />
universitetis profesor-maswavlebelTa reformisadmi ganwyobis<br />
CamoyalibebaSi. amasTan unda aRiniSnos, rom boloniis procesebic im<br />
droisaTvis Camoyalibebisa da dazustebis stadiaSi imyofeboda.<br />
aqve unda iTqvas, rom rodesac Cven vsaubrobT saqarTveloSo<br />
mimdinare reformaze ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis saxeliT, ar niSnavs imas, rom qveynis sxva umaRlesi<br />
saswavleblebi am procesSi ar erTvebodnen. saqme imaSia, rom im droisaTvis<br />
realuri cvlilebebi umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi swored Tsu-dan,<br />
rogorc qveynis upirvelesi umaRlesi saswavleblidan iwyeboda, rasac<br />
SemdgomSi, bunebrivia sxva saxelmwifo, Tu kerZo saswavleblebi<br />
SeuerTdnen.<br />
2004 wels saqarTvelos parlamentma daamtkica saqarTvelos kanoni<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb. am kanonis farglebSi gawerilia yvela is<br />
aucilebeli cvlileba, romelic unda ganicados Cveni qveynis umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis sistemam saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo sivrcesTan<br />
harmonizaciisaTvis.<br />
2005 wels saqarTvelo boloniis procesis wevri gaxda. boloniis<br />
procesis wevroba ukve aucileblobiT moiTxovs mTel rig struqturul Tu<br />
Sinaarsobriv gardaqmnebs. amJamad, saqarTvelos umaRles saswavleblebSi<br />
etapobrivad xorcieldeba boloniis procesis Sesabamisi cvlilebebi,<br />
kerZod:<br />
4
� umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad, TiTqmis<br />
yvela akreditirebul universitetSi Seiqmna xarisxis uzrunvelyofis<br />
samsaxuri<br />
� xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris muSaobis farglebSi<br />
permanentulad, boloniis moTxovnebis kvaldakval, mimdinareobs<br />
saganmanaTleblo programebis (sabakalavro, samagistro da sadoqtoro)<br />
restruqturizacia<br />
� dainerga kreditebis transferisa da dagrovebis evropuli sistema<br />
(ECTS)<br />
� SemoRebul iqna studentTa Sefasebis axali sistema, Seicvala<br />
sagnobrivi saswavlo programis, silabusis forma da sxv.<br />
� Catarda universitetebis instituciuri akreditacia<br />
� amJamad universitetebi emzadebian programuli akreditaciisaTvis,<br />
romelic 2010 wlisaTvis unda dasruldes<br />
� uwyveti ganaTlebis moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, rig universitetebSi<br />
SemuSavda profesiuli ganviTarebis programebi sxvadasxva<br />
specialobaSi<br />
� ganaTlebis reformis warmatebuli ganxorcielebisaTvis umaRlesi<br />
skolis personalisaTvis sistematurad tardeba samuSao seminarebi,<br />
Sexvedrebi da a.S.<br />
ganaTlebis xaziT mimdinare nebismieri reforma, saboloo jamSi<br />
fokusirdeba maswavlebelze, romelic yvela droSi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nda da<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns mozardi Taobis aRzrdis wamyvan figuras. am mizezis gamo<br />
CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis<br />
profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebis sistemis Seswavla. amasTan, umaRlesi<br />
skolis akreditacia saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis yvela rgolis, maT<br />
Soris umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis xarisxis<br />
Sefasebas gulisxmobs. amdenad, Cveni sakvlevi Tema – umaRlesi skolis<br />
maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi –<br />
dReisaTvis Zalze saWiro da aqtualuria.<br />
5
maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebis sistema umaRles<br />
skolaSi moicavs saswavlo da samecniero sferoebs. am mimarTebiT<br />
SevecadeT mogveazrebina maswavleblis saqmianobis Sefasebis<br />
sauniversiteto sqema, romelic warmovadgineT sxvadasxva administraciuli<br />
erTeulis moTxovnaTa gaerTianebis saxiT. konkretulad, sqemaSi CarTulia<br />
komponentebi: TviTangariSi, Sefaseba administraciis mxridan, studentTa<br />
mier Sefaseba, gareSe Sefaseba. Cveni azriT, Sefasebis am sistemaSi,<br />
studentze orientirebuli swavlebis midgomebidan gamomdinare, gadamwyveti<br />
roli studentis mier maswavleblis saqmianobis Sefasebas eniWeba.<br />
mosazrebas amyarebs boloniis procesis yvela dokumentSi naTlad da<br />
berlinis komunikeSi (2003 wlis 19 seqtemberi) ukve moTxovnis saxiT<br />
gaJRerebuli azri _ xarisxis uzunvelyofis sistema unda moicavdes<br />
saswavlo procesis Sida da gare Sefasebas studentTa mxridan. aseve<br />
mniSvnelovania ber<strong>ge</strong>nis (2005 wlis 19-20 maisi) da londonis komunikeSi<br />
(2007 wlis 18 maisi) aRniSnuli moTxovna xarisxis uzrunvelyofis sistemaSi<br />
studentTa monawileobis Sesaxeb da studenturi organizaciis (ESIB - The<br />
National Union of Students in Europe) araerTi angariSgasawevi Sexeduleba.<br />
gamomdinare aqedan, Cveni Sromis ZiriTad mizans warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nda<br />
maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis modelis warmod<strong>ge</strong>na da am modelSi<br />
studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis kiTxvaris Seqmna da aprobacia.<br />
Cvens mier Sesrulebuli naSromi, Temis aqtualobidan gamomdinare<br />
moicavs ramdenime Zalze mniSvnelovan siaxles, kerZod:<br />
� naSromis Tematikis irgvliv Teoriuli bazis Camoyalibeba<br />
� umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis saqmianobis Sefasebis sqemis Seqmna<br />
� Teoriuli da empiriuli kvlevis safuZvelze pedagogis profesiuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebis Seqmna<br />
� profesiuli maxasiaTeblebis bazaze, empiriuli kvlevis Sedegad<br />
studentTa mier maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebis<br />
kiTxvaris Seqmna<br />
6
zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, kvlevis sagania umaRlesi skolis<br />
maswavlebelis saqmianoba. kvlevis sagnidan gamomdinare kvlevis obieqtebia:<br />
� pedagogis profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebis Teoriuli modeli<br />
� pedagogis profesiuli maxasiaTeblebi<br />
� studentis mier umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis Sefasebis kiTxvari<br />
kvlevis meTodebad gamoyenebul iqna pedagogiuri kvlevis klasikuri<br />
meTodebi _ dakvirveba da eqsperimenti, aseve maTze damyarebuli<br />
Tanamedrove kvlevis meTodebis (raodenobrivi, Tvisebrivi) erToblioba.<br />
kvlevis procesSi monawileobdnen ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis studentebi da maswavleblebi, <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis - qalaq<br />
kilis kristian albrextis kilis universitetis studentebi da<br />
maswavleblebi, zaarlandis universitetis maswavleblebi da mowveuli<br />
eqspertebi.<br />
kvlevis pirvel etapze, klasikur gamocdilebasa da Tanamedrove<br />
literaturaze dayrdnobiT moviazreT maswavleblis profesiuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebi Teoriuli modelis saxiT. CamovayalibeT hipoTeza -<br />
pedagogis profesiuli maxasiaTeblebi sami aspeqtisagan Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba: sagnis<br />
codna, meToduri momzadeba, pirovnuli Tvisebebi. kvlevis Semdeg etapze,<br />
hipoTezis Semowmebis mizniT CavatareT ori, erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli<br />
(Tsu-s yvela fakulteti, kristian albrextis kilis universitetis,<br />
pedagogikis instituti, <strong>ge</strong>rmania) empiriuli kvleva, romelic praqtikulad<br />
gamosadegi instrumentis – aprobirebuli kiTxvarebis SeqmniT dasrulda.<br />
vfiqrobT, rom Catarebuli samuSao dReisaTvis mniSvnelovani da<br />
aucilebelia. umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli maxasiaTeblebis<br />
dad<strong>ge</strong>na, Sefasebis sistemis moazreba da am sistemaSi studentis azris<br />
dafiqsireba gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, radgan maswavleblis upirveles<br />
movaleobas swored studentTan xarisxiani muSaoba da misi interesebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns.<br />
7
dasacavad gamogvaqvs debulebebi:<br />
1. umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebis<br />
sqema<br />
2. umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli maxasiaTeblebis<br />
Teoriuli modeli, romelic sami aspeqtis erTianobiT moiazreba:<br />
sagnis codna, meToduri momzadeba, pirovnuli Tvisebebi<br />
3. aRniSnuli mosazrebebis Sesamowmeblad Catarebuli kvlevis etapebi<br />
saqarTvelosa da <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi<br />
4. kiTxvaris Sed<strong>ge</strong>nis procedura<br />
5. kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli kiTxvarebis aprobacia saqarTvelosa da<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi<br />
naSromi Sesrulebulia ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis pedagogikis kaTedris bazaze, <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis kristian<br />
albrextis kilis universitetis pedagogikis institutisa da zaarlandis<br />
universitetis evalvaciis centris bazaze. naSromma aprobacia gaiara<br />
saqarTvelos masStabiT Catarebul saerTaSoriso samecniero<br />
konferenciebze, zaarlandis da kilis universitetebis seminarebze.<br />
naSromis SesrulebaSi mniSvnelovani daxmareba gamiwia aRniSnul<br />
RonisZiebebze da Sexvedrebze pedagogiuri sazogadoebis mier gamoTqmulma<br />
survilebma da SeniSvnebma, risTvisac gulwrfeli madloba minda<br />
gadavuxado yvela monawiles.<br />
8
Tavi I. umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis saqmianobis<br />
sauniversiteto orientirebi<br />
$1. OumaRlesi skolis mizani (istoria da Tanamedroveoba)<br />
universiteti (Lat. Universitas - erToblioba), umaRlesi saswavlo-<br />
samecniero dawesebulebaa, romelic amzadebs specialistebs fundamentur<br />
mecnierebaTa dar<strong>ge</strong>bSi (qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, tomi X, 1976w).<br />
universitetis msoflio istoriuli tradicia yovelTvis eyrdnoboda<br />
maRal moralur da inteleqtualur faseulobebs. sauniversiteto<br />
ganaTlebis ideologiis programas ZiriTadad Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns zogadsakacobrio<br />
kulturis saukeTeso miRwevaTa memkvidreoba, erovnul TaviseburebaTa<br />
gaTvaliswineba, nacionaluri sazRvrebis arqona, miswrafeba pirovnebis<br />
inteleqtualuri ganviTarebisaken, Ria dialogi da komunikacia kvlevebsa<br />
da swavlebaSi.<br />
terminiT Universitas (- Lat. – erToblioba, sityvidan Universus – wona,<br />
erTad aRebuli) Sua saukuneebSi iwodeboda sxvadasxva amxanagobebi,<br />
vaWarTa gildiebi, savaWro-samrewvelo centrebi da zogierTi sxva<br />
gaerTianeba. amis Sesabamisad im dros aRmocenebul `Tavisufal~ skolebs<br />
daerqvaT studentTa da maswavlebelTa korporacia (Universitas magistrum et<br />
scolarum). xolo Semdgom, TandaTanobiT, saswavlo dawesebulebebs<br />
universitetebi ewodaT.<br />
Tu miviRebT termins `prosauniversiteto ganaTleba~, maSin pirvel<br />
samecniero-filosofiur da eTikur-pilitikur TanamegobrobaTa<br />
organizaciebs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT piTagoras kavSiri, platonis akademia,<br />
aristoteles likei, ptolemeis mier aleqsandriaSi daarsebuli muzeumi.<br />
universitetis istoria Sua saukuneebidan iwyeba da dasavleT<br />
evropaSi qalaquri ekonomikis da kulturis ganviTarebas ukavSirdeba.<br />
pirveli saero universitetebi iyo: boloniis (1158w, italia), kembrijis<br />
(1209w, inglisi) da oqsfordis (XII, inglisi), parizis (1215w, safran<strong>ge</strong>Ti),<br />
salamankis (1218-26 ww. Soris, espaneTi), lisabonis (1290w, portugalia),<br />
9
praRis (1348w, CexeTi), krakovis (1364w, poloneTi), venis (1365w, avstria),<br />
haidelbergis (1386w, <strong>ge</strong>rmania), ufralis (1477w, SvedeTi), kopenha<strong>ge</strong>nis (1479w,<br />
dania).<br />
Sua saukuneebis universitetis Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobaSi oTxi fakulteti iyo:<br />
mosamzadebli, romelsac artistuli xelovnebis (Semdgom filosofiis)<br />
fakulteti ewodeboda, RvTismetyvelebis, samedicino da iuridiuli<br />
fakultetebi. studentebi da maswavleblebi cxovrobdnen saerTo<br />
sacxovrebelSi – kolegiumebSi (Lat. Collegium – SemdgomSi kolejebi,<br />
koleJebi). mecadineobebic, aseve kolegiumebSi tardeboda. mosamzadebel anu<br />
artistuli xelovnebis fakultetze iswavleboda `Svidi Tavisufali<br />
xelovneba~ - triviumi (gramatika, ritorika, dialeqtika) da kvadriumi<br />
(ariTmetika, <strong>ge</strong>ometria, astronomia, musika) (Septem artes liberals, trivium, quadrium).<br />
igi saSualo skolis rols asrulebda. am fakultetze swavla 6-7 wels<br />
grZeldeboda. triviumis damTavrebis Semdeg studentebs xelovnebaTa<br />
bakalavris xarisxi, xolo kvadriumis damTavrebis Semdeg xelovnebaTa<br />
magistris xarisxi eniWebodaT. magistris xarisxis mflobelebs erT-erT<br />
specialur fakultetze Sesvlis neba eZleodaT, sadac swavla 5-6 wels<br />
mimdinareobda. universitetis kursdamTavrebuli Rebulobda doqtoris, e.i.<br />
mecnieris wodebas. universitetebSi swavlebis xangrZlivoba da studentTa<br />
asaki dad<strong>ge</strong>nili ar iyo. praqtikulad swavleba universitetebSi 12-14 wliani<br />
iyo. swavleba laTinur enaze leqciis an diskusiis saxiT mimdinareobda.<br />
profesori wignidan wakiTxul teqsts komentars ukeTebda, ewyoboda<br />
disputebi. sadisputo moxsenebis Tezisebs Cveulebrivad winaswar ad<strong>ge</strong>ndnen.<br />
universitetebs administraciuli avtonomia da sakuTari iurisdiqcia<br />
hqondaT.<br />
saero universitetis sawinaaRmdegod, religiuri wris<br />
warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebma, mecnierebasa da mosamzadebel (sasuliero, iuristTa,<br />
eqimTa) kadrebze Zalauflebis SenarCunebis mizniT, XII saukuneSi parizSi<br />
gaxsnes universiteti. mas xelmZRvanelobda episkoposis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>neli –<br />
kancleri. universitetis avtonomia Zalian SezRuduli iyo. Tanamdebobis<br />
10
pirTa arCevaSi studentebi ar monawileobdnen, profesorebi iniSnebodnen<br />
da finansdebodnen eklesiis mier. parizis universitetis msgavsi<br />
universitetebi gaixsna safran<strong>ge</strong>Tis sxva qalaqebSi, <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi, inglisSi –<br />
oqsfordisa da kembrijis universitetebi.<br />
Tavdapirvelad TiTqosda damoukidebeli kulturuli centrebi,<br />
adreul Sua saukuneebSi, sul ufro da ufro Teologiur orientacias<br />
Rebulobdnen. magram mecniereba Zalas ikrefda da igi cxadia, ver Caeteoda<br />
religiur CarCoebSi, ramac aRorZinebis epoqaSi, sxva socialur<br />
institutebs – samecniero akademiebs Cauyara safuZveli.<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi situacia radikalurad icvleba XVIII_XIX saukuneebis<br />
mijnaze. vilhelm humboltis mier Camoyalibebuli iqna klasikuri<br />
universitetis principulad axali idea, romelic SemdegSi mdgomareobda:<br />
a) kvlevis orientaciisa da swavlebis Sexameba;<br />
b) saxelmwifos mxridan moswavlisa da maswavleblis Tavisuflebis<br />
uzrunvelyofa.<br />
am droidan moyolebuli saxelmwifos pirvelxarisxovan amocanad<br />
iqca mecnierebis winsvla, swavlebisa da kvlevis axali formebis danergva.<br />
warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili modelis ganxorcieleba srulad moxerxda 1810 wels<br />
berlinis universitetis gaxsniT.<br />
am universitetis ideis sabazo principebi SemdegSi mdgomareobda:<br />
� universitets unda hqondes SedarebiTi avtonomia;<br />
� kvleva da swavleba ganaTlebis arsia;<br />
� universiteti imedovnebs sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi aqtiur<br />
CarTvas, mis RirebulebaTa aRorZinebas, aseve codnisa da<br />
ganswavlulobis Rirsebis eTikur dasabuTebas.<br />
SemdgomSi, universitetis yvela evoluciuri cvlileba, dasavleT<br />
evropasa da amerikaSi, humboltis saxelTan dakavSirebul universitetis<br />
modelTan SedarebiT ganixileboda.<br />
sauniversiteto ganaTlebis Tanamedrove meTodologTa poziciebi<br />
sakmarisad sxvadasxvagvaria, magram Tu vecdebiT maT erT safuZvelze<br />
11
dayvanas, miviRebT Tanamedrove universitetis ganzogadebul models.<br />
rogorc wesi, maT naazrevSi fiqsirdeba umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis<br />
wamyvani miznebi, funqciebi da Rirebuli orientaciebi, romlebic<br />
msjelobis sagans warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen. magram miuxedavad amisa, naTelia, rom<br />
xelSeuxebeli rCeba universitetis funqciebi da RirebulebaTa<br />
fundamenturi sistema. universitetis tradiciuli misiis (swavlebisa da<br />
kvlevis erTianoba, avtonomiuroba) SenarCunebis Tviseba ganixileba rogorc<br />
unikaluri.<br />
universitetis mizani da amocanebi sazogadoebrivi dakveTis mixedviT<br />
icvleba droSi. arsebobs ara erTi gansxvavebuli mosazreba imis Taobaze,<br />
Tu rogori unda iyos universiteti da ra mizans unda emsaxurebodes igi.<br />
gTavazobT ramdenime maTgans:<br />
jon henri niumeni, irlandiis kaTolikuri universitetis pirveli<br />
reqtori iyo. am universitetis Seqmnis idea XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi<br />
gaCnda. universitetis ideaSi seriozuli uzustobebis gamo igi 7 weliwadSi<br />
(1851-1858 ww.) daixura. niumenis azriT: `universiteti _ adgilia, sadac<br />
iswavleba universaluri codna. naTqvamidan gamomdinare, universitetis<br />
mizani, erTis mxriv inteleqtualuria, xolo meores mxriv dakavSirebulia<br />
codnis gavrcelebasTan da ara axali codnis miRebasTan. Tu universitetis<br />
miznad miviRebT samecniero da filosofiur aRmoCenebs, maSin CemTvis<br />
gau<strong>ge</strong>baria, ratom unda iyos masSi studenti, xolo Tu mizani _<br />
religiuria, ratom unda iyos warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili literatura da mecniereba?.<br />
... miuxedavad imisa, ra dasaxelebas gamoviyenebT, vfiqrob, es istoriis<br />
faqtia, _ universitetis amocana imaSi mdgomareobs, rom inteleqtualuri<br />
kultura gaxdes saqmianobis sfero, misi amocana _ inteleqtis formirebaa<br />
...<br />
... Tavad universitetis ideas, manam mas, rogorc eklesiis instruments<br />
ganvixilavT, sakuTari mizani da misia gaaCnia. universitetis daniSnuleba<br />
inteleqtualuri kulturaa. swored masze unda iqnes orientirebuli<br />
mecnierTa yuradReba, swored es gansazRvravs misi saqmianobis Sinaarss,<br />
12
orientirebuls inteleqtis yovelmxriv ganviTarebaze, Semecnebaze da<br />
WeSmaritebis dad<strong>ge</strong>naze... ~<br />
rogorc citatidan Cans henri niumeni Tavad modis winaaRmdegobaSi<br />
ideasTan unviersitetis Sesaxeb. ramac rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT gamoiwvia<br />
misi daxurva.<br />
Oortega-i-gaseTi madridis universitetis filosofiis profesori iyo.<br />
amavdroulad, igi politikiTac iyo dakavebuli. 1930 wels madridSi mis<br />
mier wakiTxul iqna leqciaTa kursi `universitetTa misia~ (Mision de la<br />
Universidad). ai ras wers igi:<br />
pirvel rigSi ra unda iyos universiteti?<br />
1. universiteti pirvel rigSi, upiratesobiT aRniSnavs umaRles<br />
ganaTlebas, romelic unda miiRos Cveulebrivma adamianma.<br />
2. es Cveulebrivi adamiani Tavdapirvelad unda gavxadoT<br />
kulturuli e.i. igi, drois moTxovnaTa simaRleze unda davayenoT.<br />
aqedan, universitetis pirveladi funqcia gamomdinareobs _<br />
kulturis TvalsazrisiT fundamentalur disciplinaTa (fizika,<br />
biologia, istoria, socioligia, filosofia) flobaSi.<br />
3. Cveulebrivi adamiani unda gaxdes kargi profesionali.<br />
universitetma, muSaobis yvelaze racionaluri da efeqturi<br />
meTodebis gamoyenebiT, adamians saSualeba unda misces gaxdes<br />
kargi eqimi, kargi mosamarTle, kargi maTematikisa, Tu istoriis<br />
maswavlebeli.<br />
4. aranairi dasabuTebuli safuZveli ar arsebobs imisa, rom<br />
Cveulebrivi adamiani aucileblad mecnieri gaxdeba. aqedan,<br />
bevrisaTvis gamaocebeli daskvna gamomdinareobs: mecniereba<br />
Tavisi SinaarsiT, e.i. samecniero kvleva, nebismieri formiT, ar<br />
figurirebs universitetis ZiriTad funqciaTa ricxvSi.<br />
garda amisa, gaseti Tvlis, rom universitetSi profesorTa SerCeva<br />
unda xorcieldebodes pedagogiuri saqmianobisa da mecnieruli kvlevis<br />
13
unarebis sinTezis gaTvaliswinebiT da ara imiT, Tu raoden kargi<br />
mkvlevaria aRniSnuli pirovneba.<br />
karl iaspersma omis Semdeg dawera da 1949 wels gamoaqveyna Sroma<br />
`universitetis idea~ (`Die Idee der Universität~). Tavis wignSi is xazs usvams<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmanul universitetSi kvlevis tradicias im saxiT, rogorc es jer kidev<br />
humboltma gansazRvra.<br />
universiteti _ gansakuTrebuli saxis skolaa. igi ara mxolod<br />
momzadebis adgilia. mis kedlebSi studentebi aqtiurad monawileoben<br />
kvlevebSi. amgvari samuSao gamocdilebis dagroveba ayalibebs xarisxs<br />
dakavSirebuls inteleqtualur disciplinasTan. igi IRebs ganaTlebas,<br />
romelic mTeli cxovrebis manZilze masTan darCeba.<br />
... korporaciuli formiT, universiteti axorcielebs adamianis<br />
ZiriTad moTxovnilebas – codnas. misi uSualo daniSnuleba mdgomareobs<br />
imis aRmoCenaSi, Tu risi codnaa saWiro da ra gamomdinareobs amgvari<br />
codnidan adamianebisaTvis.<br />
amrigad, universiteti aerTianebs kvlevisadmi profesiulad<br />
Tavdadebul adamianebs, romlebmac sinamdvile mecnierebisaTvis misaRebi<br />
formiT unda mogvawodon.<br />
radgan sinamdvilis aRmoCena sistematuri kvleviTaa SesaZlebeli,<br />
universitetis upirveles amocanas kvleva warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. meore amocana<br />
dakavSirebulia swavlebasTan, radganac codna WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb<br />
gadacemul unda iqnas.<br />
... Tavis mxriv universiteti wyvets samecniero da saswavlo amocanebs,<br />
kvleva da swavleba uzrunvelyofs inteleqtualuri kulturis<br />
ganviTarebas, romelSic WeSmariteba iRebs Tavis mniSvnelobas da sicxades.<br />
amrigad, universitetis amocanas _ kvleva da codnis gadacema<br />
(ganaTleba) warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. TiToeuli cal-calke ganisazRvreba, magram ar<br />
SeiZleba erTmaneTisagan gamoyofil iqnas.<br />
alfred nots uaitxedi _ filosofosi, maTematikosi, pedagogi. igi<br />
aswavlida kembrijSi (inglisi), SemdgomSi harvardis profesori. mis mier<br />
14
wakiTxul leqciaTa kursi sxvadasxva Temebze, gamocemul iqna saerTo<br />
saTauriT `ganaTlebis miznebi da sxva eseebi~ (`The Aims of Education and Other<br />
Essays~) 1929 wels. misi azriT: `universiteti ganaTlebisa da kvlevis<br />
skolaa. misi aRmocenebis namdvili mizezi, dakavSirebuli araa arc<br />
studentebisaTvis codnis gadacemasTan da arc fakultetebze samecniero<br />
kvlevebis CatarebasTan. am ori amocanis gadawyveta gacilebiT iafad da<br />
damoukidebladac SeiZleboda” [20].<br />
rogorc zemoT moyvanil avtorTa naazrevidan Cans, universitetis<br />
daarsebis aucilebloba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi inarCunebs kavSirs<br />
codnasa da cxovrebis arss Soris. aerTianebs sxvadasxva Taobas swavlebis<br />
procesSi. universiteti gadascems TvalsaCino informacias. yovel<br />
SemTxvevaSi es is funqciaa, romelic universitetma sazogadoebisaTvis unda<br />
Seasrulos, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas arsebobis ufleba ar eqneba.<br />
dReisaTvis, universitetad iwodeba mravalprofiliani umaRlesi<br />
saswavlo-samecniero dawesebuleba, romelic amzadebs sxvadasxva dargis<br />
maRalkvalificiur specialistebs. universiteti uzrunvelyofs<br />
kursdamTavrebulTa Rrma Teoriul da praqtikul momzadebas, rogorc<br />
samecniero, ise pedagogiur sferoebSi.<br />
1960-1970-ian wlebSi bevr evropul qveyanaSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
sistemam saxe icvala. am periodSi aRmocenebulma da gavrcelebulma<br />
sistemebma Caanacvla omamdel periodSi Camoyalibebuli universitetebi.<br />
evropis Tanamedrove umaRlesi ganaTlebis daxasiaTebis da aRweris<br />
uamravi gza arsebobs. erT-erTi maTgania, daaxasiaTo gansxvavebuli<br />
struqturebi RirebulebaTa sistemis mixedviT. magaliTad, evropuli<br />
universitetis institutis (European University Institute) profesori klaudius<br />
galerti gamoyofs evropuli universitetebis tradiciebis sam ZiriTad<br />
mimarTulebas:<br />
� pirveli, istoriuli identificireba <strong>ge</strong>rmaniasTan, codnis taZris<br />
Seqmna da SenarCuneba universitetis mTavari misiaa; moxseniebuli<br />
universiteti samecniero dawesebulebaa.<br />
15
� meore, safran<strong>ge</strong>TSi realizebuli Grandes écoles 1 , romlebic<br />
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas maRali donis dargobrivi unarebis<br />
SeZenaze amaxvileben; aq universiteti gamoiyureba rogorc<br />
profesiuli dawesebuleba;<br />
� mesame, anglo-saqsonuri (an ufro zustad oqsfordis da kembrijis)<br />
modeli, romelic koncentrirebulia profesionalizmis<br />
ganviTarebaze; universiteti aq pirvel rigSi saswavlo, ufro<br />
farTod kulturuli dawesebulebaa.<br />
dReisaTvis, umaRlesi ganaTleba moicavs gansxvavebul tradiciebs,<br />
bevrad ufro mets vidre es profesorma <strong>ge</strong>lertma aRniSna – teqnikuri da<br />
teqnologiuri ganaTleba, zrdasrulTa ganaTleba da a.S.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis gansxvavebuli tipebis ganxilva<br />
mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac mimdinareobs saubari umaRles ganaTlebaze, rogorc<br />
`seqtorze~ an (qve-) `sistemaze~. meore msoflio omamde,<br />
multidisciplinaruli universitetebi evropis umetes qveyanaSi, sistemis<br />
mwvervalis saxiT iyvnen warmod<strong>ge</strong>nilni. metic, monodisciplinaruli<br />
dawesebulebebi Tavdapirvelad maTTan Tanasworuflebian pirobebSi arc ki<br />
ganixilebodnen. pirveli ori Tu sami dekadis Semdeg, es gansxvaveba<br />
TandaTanobiT Camoirecxa. samedicino kolejebi, teqnikuri kolejebi da<br />
bevri sxva koleji miRebul iqna rogorc universitetTan<br />
Tanasworuflebiani, bevrma - magram ara yvelam – teqnikuri universitetis<br />
saxeli dairqva da a.S.<br />
gansxvavebulma mcdelobebma evropaSi 1960 wlidan umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis meoradi seqtori warmoSva. SerCeul iqna sxvadasxva termini:<br />
� umaRlesi ganaTlebis `mokle wre~<br />
� `arasauniversiteto~ umaRlesi ganaTleba<br />
� umaRlesi ganaTlebis alternatiuli seqtori<br />
� profesiuli umaRlesi ganaTleba<br />
1 Grandes écoles - grandzekol - amgvari dawesebulebebi teqnikuri xasiaTis umaRlesi<br />
saswavleblebia da principSi universitetis sistemis gareT iricxeba<br />
16
� profesionaluri umaRlesi ganaTleba<br />
� `axali~ umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebi an programebi<br />
� `kolejis seqtori~<br />
� nacionaluri tipebis CamonaTvalis seqtori mag. `Instituts<br />
Universitaires de Technologie“, `Fachhochschulen“ da a.S.<br />
Tumca, konsensusi metad misaReb terminze miRweuli ar iqna. iseT<br />
asociacias, rogoricaa EURASHE 2 (misi survilic iyo am seqtoris ward<strong>ge</strong>na<br />
da mxardaWera), terminisaTvis propaganda ar gauwevia. saerTo terminis<br />
ararseboba siurprizi ar yofila, umetesoba am terminTagani seqtors Tavis<br />
`did Zma~, e.i. universitetTan damokidebulebaSi gansazRvravs. umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis `axal~ seqtors aRiarebis mopoveba ki universitetis Crdilis<br />
gareTac surs.<br />
safran<strong>ge</strong>TSi universitetebis reorganizaciam, 1968 wlis Semdgom<br />
mimdinare movlenebma, gamoamJRavna universitetTa cota ar iyos<br />
moZvelebuli struqtura. igi mecxramete saukunis Semdeg umniSvnelod iyo<br />
Secvlili. xuTi wliT adre britaneTSi gafarTovda evropaSi yvelaze<br />
arCevadi sauniversiteto sistema; samociani wlebis bolos, rogorc<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis alternatiuli forma, daarsda politeqnikuri<br />
saswavleblebi. <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSic msgavsi movlenebi ganviTarda. universitetebi<br />
gafarTovdnen da mravalmimarTulebianni gaxdnen, gaZlierdnen dargobrivi<br />
umaRlesi skolebi (Fachhochschuhlen). SvedeTSi, dekadiT gvian, universitetTa<br />
da kolejTa unificirebuli sistema Camoyalibda. msgavsi procesebi evropis<br />
gareTac mimdinareobda. yvelaze pirveli da aRsaniSnavi kaliforniis<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis `mTavari (<strong>ge</strong>neraluri) <strong>ge</strong>gma~ (`master plan”)<br />
ganviTarebis mkafio magaliTia, romlis farglebSic Camoyalibda umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis samsafexuriani sistema (Condron 1988; OECD 1989; Rothblatt 1992).<br />
mopovebuli masalis analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom<br />
reformis procesis orientirebi evropaSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone pirTa<br />
2<br />
EURASHE – European Association of Institutions in Higher Education – umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
dawesebulebaTa evropuli asociacia<br />
17
aodenobriv zrdaze iyo mimarTuli. reforma ori mimarTulebiT<br />
ganxorcielda: pirveli - arsebuli universitetebis gafarToeba da axali<br />
universitetebis Camoyalibeba. evropis reqtorTa konferenciis (Conference of<br />
European Rectors - CRE) wevr universitetTagan mesamedze meti 1960 wlis Semdeg<br />
Camoyalibebuli universitetia. 1960-1970 wlebi SesaZloa daxasiaTdes,<br />
rogorc evropuli univesitetebis ganviTarebis dinamiuri safexuri. meore –<br />
sxva tipis (ara universitetis) umaRles saswavlebelTa modernizacia da<br />
gafarToeba.<br />
reformis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad sxvadasxva strategia iqna<br />
SemoTavazebuli. zogierT qveyanaSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis axali formebis<br />
Camoyalibeba dakavSirebuli iyo universitetTa gafarToebisa da gardaqmnis<br />
kursTan. magaliTad, safran<strong>ge</strong>TSi universitetTan arsebuli teqnologiuri<br />
institutebi (IUT - Instituts Universitaires de Technologie) sazogadoebisaTvis<br />
dargobrivi kursebis SeTavazebaze iyvnen orientirebuli. Tumca, rogorc<br />
dasaxelebidan Cans, institutebi organulad dakavSirebulni iyvnen<br />
tradiciuli universitetebis fakultetebTan. SvedeTSi, metad radikaluri<br />
mimarTuleba iqna arCeuli. 1977 wlidan, saeqTno da maswavlebelTa<br />
momzadebis kolejebi, romlebic manamade calkeuli dawesebulebebi iyvnen,<br />
universitetebs SeuerTdnen.<br />
sxva qveynebSi, calsaxad ormagi - `binaruli” mimarTuleba<br />
Camoyalibda. saukeTeso magaliTi britaneTia, sadac politeqnikuri<br />
saswavleblebi universitetebis alternativas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ndnen. am or<br />
seqtors Soris intensiuri konkurencia warmoiSva, Tumca isini erTmaneTis<br />
Semavsebel da ara konkurentunarian seqtorebad ganixilebodnen.<br />
universitetebis upiratesoba damtkicebul iqna, magram Zalisxmeva mainc<br />
teqnikuri umaRlesi skolebisa da msgavsi dawesebulebebis ganviTarebisaken<br />
iyo mimarTuli.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom modernizaciis gansxvavebuli strategiebis mkacri<br />
gamijvna marTebuli araa. formalurad unificirebul sistemaSic SeiniSneba<br />
binaruli (Binary) maxasiaTeblebi. magaliTad, SvedeTSi gafarToebuli<br />
18
universitetebis Serwyma arsebul tradiciul fakultetebsa da axlaxan<br />
aRmocenebul kolejebs Soris, rogoricaa Zveli upsala (Uppsala) da axali<br />
umea (Umea). msgavsad amisa binaruli sistema srulad ar SeiZleba iyos<br />
Tanmimdevruli da logikuri. britaneTSi universitetis seqtoris gareT,<br />
ormocdaaTian wlebSi Camoyalibda maRali teqnologiebis kolejebi.<br />
aRniSnuli dawesebulebebi teqnologiur universitetebad mxolod<br />
alternatiuli dawesebulebebis (`politeqnikumebis~) warmoSobis Semdeg<br />
gardaiqmnen.<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi da niderlandebSi, araformaruli binaruli sistema<br />
aRmocenda ara rogorc universitetebTan konkurirebadi alternatiuli<br />
dawesebulebebis warmoqmnis Sedegi, aramed rogorc etapobrivad cvladi<br />
saSualosSemdgomi (Post-secondary) 3 ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis<br />
ganviTarebuli saxe. mTavari cvlileba dakavSirebuli iyo ara umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis, universitetebis tolZalovani dawesebulebebis<br />
CamoyalibebasTan, aramed saSualosSemdgomi ganaTlebis gadaxalisebasTan<br />
[49, 50].<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemuri organizaciis modelebi, sxvadasxva<br />
avtoris mier sxvadasxvagvarad xasiaTdeba, SerCeulia gansxvavebuli<br />
dasaxelebebi da klasifikaciis kriteriumebi. Cven SevCerdebiT e.w. skotis 4<br />
tipologiaze. mis mier SemoTavazebul sistemebis modificirebul variants<br />
araerTi avtori gvTavazobs.<br />
piter skotis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis organizaciis modelebi<br />
Semdegnairia [45]:<br />
� pirveli modeli _ dualuri sistema (Dual system). universitetebi da<br />
qveyanaSi moqmedi sxva tipis saSualosSemdgomi saswavleblebi<br />
arseboben erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad, anu zustad ise, rogorc<br />
moiazrebda Zveli ganaTlebis sistema.<br />
3 saSualosSemdgomi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi – Post-secondary education institutions –<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa rgoli umaRles da saSualo ganaTlebis dawesebulebebs<br />
Soris<br />
4 Peter Scott – School of Education, University of Leeds, Leeds,UK<br />
19
� meore modeli _ binaruli sistema (Binary system). am sistemis<br />
pirobebSi arsebobs universiteti da alternatiuli umaRlesi<br />
saswavlebeli, romelic droisa da sazogadoebis dakveTis<br />
Sesabamisad SeiZleba SeuerTdes universitets an iyos mis<br />
daqvemdebarebaSi myofi calke erTeuli. am sistemaSi es rgoli<br />
SeiZleba ganixilos, rogorc gardamavali Semad<strong>ge</strong>neli nawili<br />
dualursa da binarul sistemas Soris.<br />
� mesame modeli _ unificirebuli sistema (Unified system). qveyanaSi<br />
arsebuli yvela umaRlesi saswavlebeli ekuTvnis erTian sistemas<br />
da formalurad ar diferencirdeba. saukeTeso magaliTia SvedeTi.<br />
1992 wlidan britaneTSic Camoyalibda umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
unificirebuli sistema – an ufro zustad, gansxvavebuli<br />
unificirebuli sistemebi inglissa, uelssa da SotlandiaSi.<br />
� meoTxe modeli _ stratificirebuli sistema (Stratifies system).<br />
qveyanaSi umaRlesi saswavleblebi erTian sistemas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen da<br />
klasificirebuli arian romelime prioritetuli niSnis mixedviT.<br />
klasikuri SemTxvevis magaliTia kaliforniis `mTavari <strong>ge</strong>gma~. (am<br />
principiT qveyndeba saukeTeso universitetTa CamonaTvali).<br />
miuxedavad zemoT aRniSnuli klasificirebisa, mkacri gamijvna am oTx<br />
models Soris ar SeiZleba gakeTdes. gansxvaveba pirvel da meore models<br />
Soris, rogorc wesi, ama Tu im konkretul SemTxvevaSi TiTqmis gau<strong>ge</strong>baria.<br />
dualuri sistemebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, SedarebiT stabiluria, xolo<br />
binaruli – SedarebiT arastabiluri. praqtikulad mudmivad mimdinareobs<br />
maTi erTmaneTSi gadasvlis procesebi. binaruli sistemis gaZliereba da<br />
ganviTareba Tavis mxriv xels uwyobs konkurentunariani garemos Seqmnas. es<br />
cxadadaa asaxuli holandiisa magaliTze da nawilobriv Seesabameba<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniis sistemas.<br />
igive daskvnis gamotana SeuZlebelia safran<strong>ge</strong>Tis magaliTis<br />
moyvanisas, sadac arasauniversiteto seqtorma moipova sruluflebiani da<br />
konkurentunariani statusi. sakmaod prestiJuli ` grandzekol” (grandes<br />
20
écoles), Seqmnili iyo momavali `mmarTveli klasis~ aRsazrdelad. aq ar aris<br />
aucilebeli umaRlesi ganaTlebis tipis saswavleblebi eqvemdebarebodnen<br />
universitets. ufro metic, am saswavleblebs SeuZliaT ar aRiaron sxva<br />
saswavleblis bakalavris xarisxi e.i. damoukideblobas inarCuneben.<br />
aseve, wmindad unificirebulni ar arian arc SvedeTis (1977 wlidan)<br />
da arc britaneTis (1992 wlidan) sistemebi. SvedeTSi 13 universiteti<br />
calkeul privilegirebul jgufad darCa. isini uwyvetad sar<strong>ge</strong>bloben<br />
kvlevisaTvis gankuTvnili yvela privilegiiT. britaneTSic msgavsi situacia<br />
aRiniSneba.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, ra statusis matarebelia umaRlesi skola, yvela<br />
maTganSi moqmedebs erTiani mizani da principi, kerZod, kvleviTi fondebiT<br />
unda dafinansdes is sferoebi, romlebzec didia sazogadoebis (sabazro)<br />
dakveTa.<br />
kaliforniis msgavsi umaRlesi skolebis stratificirebuli sistemis<br />
magaliTi evropaSi ar moipoveba. Tumca misi elementebi bevr qveyanaSi<br />
gvxvdeba. gansxvaveba universitetebsa da universitetis tipis kolejebs<br />
Soris SvedeTSi ukve aRiniSna. evropaSi universitetTa umetesobas<br />
doqtoranturis programebis monopolia aqvT mopovebuli. Tumca, arc erTi<br />
maTgani kaliforniis modelis stratificirebas ar Seefereba.<br />
amrigad, es oTxi modeli erT-erTi SesaZlo magaliTia imisa, rom<br />
davaxasiaToT evropis rTuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema. Tumca,<br />
damokidebuleba am oTx models Soris kvlav bundovania. arian isini<br />
damoukidebelni, erTmaneTis alternatiulni an mimdevrobiTni,<br />
gaurkvevelia. TiToeul qveyanas umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebis<br />
sakuTari gza aqvs.<br />
evropuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebis etapebi Semdegi<br />
saxiT SeiZleba warmovidginoT:<br />
21
sistema, romelSic dominirebs universiteti (University-dominated system) 5 :<br />
sistema, romelSic universitetisagan gansxvavebuli yvela sxva<br />
dawesebuleba warmod<strong>ge</strong>nilia, rogorc saSualo an umetes SemTxvevaSi<br />
teqnikuri ganaTlebis seqtori. universitetebi da arasrulyofili<br />
saSualosSemdgomi dawesebulebebi ganixileba rogorc calkeuli<br />
seqtorebi.<br />
dualuri sistema (Dual system):<br />
sistema, romelSic universitetisagan gansxvavebuli saswavlo<br />
dawesebulebebi aRiarebulia, rogorc saSualosSemdgomi ganaTlebis rgoli<br />
da universitetebis mxridan maTi koordinirebis sakiTxi oficialuradaa<br />
miRebuli. bolo dros isini ganixilebian rogorc konkurirebadi<br />
erTeulebi.<br />
binaruli sistema (Binary system):<br />
sistema, romelSic viTardeba ori paraleluri umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
rgoli, erTi _ tradiciuli universitetebi, xolo meore _ `alternatiuli~<br />
dawesebulebebi. (am ori calkeuli rgolis urTierTTanamSromlobis<br />
tendencia maTi damatebiT konkurenciis saxiT arsebobs).<br />
unificirebuli sistema (Unified system):<br />
sistema, romelic moicavs rogorc tradiciul aseve sxva tipis umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis dawesebulebebs. aseve mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom<br />
gaerTianebisas ara aqvs mniSvneloba dawesebulebis reputaciasa da<br />
statuss.<br />
stratificirebuli sistema (Stratified system) 6 :<br />
5 University-dominated system – sistema, romelSic dominirebs universiteti avtors (piter skoti)<br />
mis Semdgomi wlis SromaSi [31] moxseniebuli aqvs rogorc divided system - calkeuli,<br />
dayofili sistema.<br />
6 Stratified system - stratificirebuli sistema avtoris (piter skoti) momdevmo SromaSi [31]<br />
“market system” - `sabazro sistemis~ saxeliT, xolo svein kivinis statiaSi [16] - ganfenilis<br />
saxeliT moixsenieba<br />
22
sistema, romelSic SenarCunebulia gansxvavebul saswavlebelTa erTiani<br />
sistema, Tumca gansxvaveba fiqsirdeba rogorc Sinagan, aseve garegan<br />
maxasiaTeblebSi (gansxvaveba aisaxeba politikuri dakveTisa an sabazro<br />
saqmianobis mixedviT).<br />
aRniSnuli sqema ar miuTiTebs TiToeul qveyanaSi umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis ganviTarebis etapebs, aseve ar igulisxmeba, rom erTi sistema<br />
meores gadafaravs an aucileblad mimdevrobiTi saxisaa.<br />
qveynebis mixedviT umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebis etapebi<br />
moyvanilia Semdeg sqemaze.<br />
SvedeTi<br />
holandia<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmania<br />
britaneTi<br />
dualuri binaruli unificirebuli<br />
1977<br />
stratificirebuli<br />
1992<br />
(amJamadac gardaqmnis procesSia)<br />
1965 1992<br />
safran<strong>ge</strong>Ti 1969? (araordinaluri da rTuli sistema) ?1969<br />
avstralia<br />
kalifornia<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom etapebis diferenciacia pirobiTi xasiaTisaa,<br />
metadre individualuri damokidebulebis sakiTxia. radgan calkeuli<br />
qveynis erTmniSvnelovnad, romelime sistemaze mikuTvneba SeuZlebelia,<br />
avtorTa mier gamoTqmul azrTa mravalferovnebaSi sxvadasxva Sexeduleba<br />
ikveTeba.<br />
vinaidan, qveynebis mixedviT sauniversiteto da arasauniversiteto<br />
rgolis sistemuri gansxvavebebis dafiqsireba calsaxad SeuZlebelia,<br />
gadavwyviteT umaRlesi ganaTlebis seqtoris Tanamedrove tendenciebi<br />
23<br />
1988<br />
1960
TiToeuli qveynisaTvis cal-calke gangvexila. dainteresebuli mkiTxveli<br />
detalur informacias danarTSi SeiZleba gaecnos.<br />
magaliTisaTvis SesaZloa mxolod <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
sistema ganvixiloT. wyaroebSi igi, rogorc wmindad binaruli, dualuri an<br />
maTi kombinaciis saxeliT aris moxseniebuli.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTleba <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi 7<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, Tanamedrove umaRlesi ganaTlebis seqtori,<br />
struqturulad sxvadasxvagvar modelebadaa dayofili. ganmartebaTa<br />
mravalferovnebaSi, <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis magaliTisaTvis ori - dualuri (Dual system) da<br />
binaruli (Bynary system) sistemis tipis gamoyofaa SesaZlebeli.<br />
dualuri sistema (Dual System) – sistema, romelSic sxvadasxva<br />
dawesebulebebi aRiarebulia, rogorc saSualosSemdgomi (Postsecondary)<br />
seqtori. garda amisa, daSvebulia koordinacia universitetebsa da<br />
`axlebur~ dawesebulebebs Soris, aseve ganixileba kategoriuli<br />
daqvemdebarebis sakiTxebic.<br />
binaruli sistema (Bynary system) – sistema, romelSic<br />
arasauniversiteto dawesebulebebi ganixileba, rogorc umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis sistemis calkeuli nawili. sistema dayofilia or calkeul<br />
seqtorad – tradiciuli universitetebi da `alternatiuli~<br />
dawesebulebebi.<br />
praqtikaSi, gansxvaveba dualur da binarul sistemas Soris xSirad<br />
gau<strong>ge</strong>baria. arsebobs dualuri sistemisaTvis stabiluri tendencia,<br />
romelSic dawesebulebebis gansxvavebuli tipebi moipoveben calkeul da<br />
zogadad damatebiT rols, raTa ganviTardes SedarebiT arastabiluri<br />
binaruli sistema. binaruli sistemis gaZliereba da ganviTareba Tavis<br />
mxriv xels uwyobs konkurentunariani garemos Seqmnas.<br />
7 warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili masala eyrdnoba umaRlesi ganaTlebis politikis Semswavleli centris<br />
(CHEPS - Center for Higher Education Policy Sudies) yovelwliur saxelmwifo angariSs [26].<br />
24
dReisaTvis <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema warmod<strong>ge</strong>nilia<br />
tradiciuli sauniversiteto seqtorisa da umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
dawesebulebaTa SedarebiT axali seqtorisagan. `axali seqtori~<br />
sxvadasxvagvarad, `arasauniversiteto seqtoris~ an e.w. `axali tipis<br />
universitetebis~ saxeliT moixsenieba.<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniis arsebuli umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebi sami tipis<br />
universitetebad SeiZleba davyoT:<br />
pirveli tipi – klasikuri `uZvelesi~ universitetebi, romelTa<br />
istoriuli fesvebi Sua saukuneebidan iwyeba. <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis uZvelesi<br />
haidelbergis universiteti (1386w), vilhelm fon humboltis mier<br />
daarsebuli berlinis universiteti (1810w), universiteti fraiburgSi,<br />
tiubin<strong>ge</strong>nSi da sxva.<br />
meore tipi – universitetebi, romlebmac TavianTi statusi teqnikuri<br />
da sxva dargobrivi saswavleblebis universitetebas gardqmniT moipoves.<br />
magaliTad hanoveris, umaRlesma teqnikurma skolam 1968 wels teqnikuri<br />
universitetis statusi miiRo, xolo Semdgom 1978 wels universitetad<br />
gardaiqmna. am jgufs teqnikuri universitetebi (Technische Universitaeten) da<br />
maTTan gaTanabrebuli teqnikuri umaRlesi skolebi (Technische Hochschulen)<br />
miekuTvneba (aaxeni, darmStati). sazRvari teqnikur universitetsa da<br />
ubralod universitets Soris xSirad pirobiTia. universitetSi teqnikuri<br />
fakultetia da teqnikur universitetSi humanitaruli ganyofileba<br />
arsebobs.<br />
mesame tipi – umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebi, romlebic<br />
ukanaskneli 30-40 wlis ganmavlobaSi, <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi umaRlesi ganaTlebisaken<br />
miswrafebis pikze warmoiSven (universitetebi rurSi, boxumSi). momzadebis<br />
mimarTulebaTa mravalferovnebaSi arc erT maTgans, ar SeuZliaT klasikur<br />
universitetebTan konkurireba. samagierod aq kvlevis Tanamedrove meTodTa<br />
danergvis eqsperimentebi tardeba uxvad.<br />
25
amgvari formulirebis garda, umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebis<br />
kategoriebad dayofis ramdenime varianti arsebobs. Tumca yvelaze xSirad<br />
Semdeg tipebs ganasxvaveben:<br />
- umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebi (Fachhochschule) administraciul-<br />
profesiuli (Verwaltungsfachhochschule) saswavleblebis CaTvliT.<br />
- universitetebi, teqnikuri universitetebi, universiteti-erToblivi<br />
umaRlesi saswavleblebi (Universitaeten-Gesamthochschulen), pedagogiuri<br />
umaRlesi saswavleblebi, Teologiuri umaRlesi skolebi.<br />
- xelovnebis umaRlesi saswavlebeli da samusiko umaRlesi<br />
saswavleblebi.<br />
aRniSnuli tipebis garda, arsebobs specialuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
dawesebulebebi, romlebic mxolod garkveuli jgufebis mieraa aRiarebuli<br />
(magaliTad federaluri SeiaraRebuli Zalebis umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
dawesebulebebi). aseve, calkeul administraciul erTeulebze (miwebze)<br />
organizebuli profesiuli akademiebi (Berufsakademien) tertiaruli seqtoris<br />
(tertiary sector) 8 oficialuri nawilia. dawesebulebaTa udidesi nawili<br />
saxelmwifo seqtors miekuTvneba, aseve arsebobs `kerZo~ dawesebulebebic.<br />
am SemTxvevaSi kerZo ar unda iqnas aRqmuli sityva-sityviT, am<br />
dawesebulebebisaTvis arsebobs igivenairi moTxovnebi rac saxelmwifo<br />
dawesebulebebisaTvis. am TvalsazrisiT, termini `saxelmwifos mier<br />
aRiarebuli~ (80 dawesebuleba) ufro metad Sesaferisia.<br />
2002 wlisaTvis umaRlesi ganaTlebis sul arsebuli 345<br />
dawesebulebis garda, arsebobs 70-mde `realurad~ kerZo dawesebuleba.<br />
rogorc wesi, patara da konkretuli disciplinebisaTvis gankuTvnil<br />
dawesebulebebSi daaxloebiT 20 000 studenti iricxeba.<br />
8 tertiary - mesameuli, mikuTvnebukli mesame rangs, seqtors, klass;<br />
tertiary education - oficialuri, arasavaldebulo ganaTlebaa, romelic saSualo ganaTlebas<br />
Semdgomi safexuria<br />
26
umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebi<br />
struqtura<br />
umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebi (Fachhochschulen) <strong>ge</strong>rmaniSi,<br />
rogorc umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis axali tipi, 1970 wlidan daarsda.<br />
umaRles profesiul saswavleblebSi swavleba mkacrad mimarTulia<br />
profesiuli saqmianobis moTxovnebsa da saWiroebebze. rogorc wesi<br />
umaRlesi profesiuli saswavlebebSi profesiaTa limitirebuli raodenoba<br />
iswavleba. swavlebasTan erTad umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebSi<br />
damatebiT, gamoyenebiTi kvleva da daskvnebis gamotana moiTxoveba. 1992<br />
wlidan, mniSvnelovani gaxda programa `gamoyenebiTi kvleva da ganviTareba<br />
umaRles profesiul saswavleblebSi~ (Applied Research and Development at<br />
Fachhochschulen). es programa, damoukidebeli dawesebulebis gamoyenebiTi<br />
kvlevis da proeqtebis dasafinanseblad iqna Seqmnili. umaRlesi<br />
profesiuli saswavleblebis amocana teqnologiebisa da codnis gadacemis<br />
regionalur rolTanacaa dakavSirebuli.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas<br />
raodenonebriv sakiTxebs aqceven: studentebis raodenobas, saswavlo<br />
kursebis raodenobas. zogierT umaRles profesiul saswavlebels<br />
specifiuri regionaluri maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare, specializaciaTa<br />
calkeuli CamonaTvali aqvT. dawesebulebebs Soris didi gansxvaveba aseve<br />
miwebis mixedviTac aRiniSneba. dReisaTvis, umaRlesi ganaTlebis studentTa<br />
TiTqmis 25% umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebis programebSia Cawerili.<br />
umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebis raodenoba 90-ian wlebSi SedarebiT<br />
gaizarda. 2002 wels saxelmwifosa da samecniero sabWos (Wissenschaftsrat)<br />
miznebidan gamomdinare ki mcired daiklo.<br />
umaRles profesiul saswavlebelTa garkveuli raodenoba (31)<br />
saxelmwifo administirebis saqmeSi (Verwaltungsfachhochschulen) specialur<br />
rols TamaSobs. aRniSnuli saswavleblebi saxelmwifo moxeleebs e.w.<br />
maRali donis saxelmwifo saqmianobisaTvis amzadeben. isini sxvadasxva<br />
27
federaluri da miwebis saministroebis mier finansdebian. miReba mxolod<br />
saxelmwifo moxeleebisTvisaa daSvebuli.<br />
arsebobs mimarTulebaTa CamonaTvali, romlebic umaRlesi<br />
profesiuli saswavleblebSi, saerTo jamSi 50 saswavlo kursiT<br />
Semoifargleba:<br />
1. inJineria<br />
2. ekonomika<br />
3. administrireba da samarTlis administireba<br />
4. socialuri saqmianoba<br />
5. janmrTeloba da Terapia<br />
6. religiuri ganaTleba<br />
7. maTematika<br />
8. kompiuteruli mecnierebebi<br />
9. informaciisa da komunikaciis swavleba<br />
10. dieturi da saojaxo mecnierebebi<br />
11. xelovneba, dizaini da restavracia<br />
am kursebis garda, romlebic rogorc, wesi xarisxis pirvel doneze (first<br />
degree) tardeba, arsebobs Semdgomi swavlebis (further study), damatebiTi da<br />
damamTavrebeli kursebi (posrgraduale Studiengaen<strong>ge</strong>). aRniSnuli kursebi Sedian<br />
pirveli xarisxebis Semad<strong>ge</strong>nlobaSi da aviTareben profesiul unarebs,<br />
aZliereben da amaRleben specializaciis dones an swavlebis sxva kursebis<br />
paralelurad tardebian. uwyveti ganaTlebisagan gansxvavebiT, am formalur<br />
xarisxisSemdgom kursebs (formal postgraduate courses), rogorc wesi, pirveli<br />
saswavlo wlis Semdeg mimdevrobiT an parlelurad irCeven. igi umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis xarisxis mopovebas uwyobs xels.<br />
umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebis daaxloebiT erTi mesamedi,<br />
internacionaluri xarisxis programebs (International degree Programmes)<br />
sTavazobs studentebs. amgvari programebis garkveuli nawili<br />
sazRvargareTis dawesebulebasa Tu kompaniebSi mimdinareobs. zogierTi<br />
aseTi programa, umaRlesi skolis reqtorebis konferenciis (HRK) da<br />
28
<strong>ge</strong>rmanuli akademiuri gacvliTi samsaxuris (DAAD) mxardaWeriT<br />
mimdinareobs.<br />
programebis Sinaarsi<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniis universitetebSi swavlebis da gamocdebis procesis<br />
organizebis saxelmwifo wesi, umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebzec<br />
vrceldeba. samecniero kvlevisa da akademiuri swavlebis, aseve akademiuri<br />
xarisxebis Sesatyvisi standartebis uzrunvelsayofis mizniT,<br />
administraciuli miwebis ganaTlebisa da kulturis ministrebis<br />
regularuli konferenciis mier, umaRlesi profesiuli<br />
saswavleblebisaTvis gamoqveynebuli iyo dad<strong>ge</strong>nileba `zogadi<br />
dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebebi sadiplomo gamocdebis regulirebisaTvis - umaRlesi<br />
profesiuli saswavleblebSi~ (All<strong>ge</strong>meine Bestimmun<strong>ge</strong>n für Diplomprüfungsordnun<strong>ge</strong>n -<br />
FH). es dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebebi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos TiToeuli sagnis<br />
Sinaarsis regulirebis dros.<br />
programis struqtura<br />
TiToeuli programa dayofilia sabaziso (Grundstudium) da ZiriTad<br />
(Hauptstudium) seqtorad. G sabazo safexuri (Grundstudium) swavlis periodi<br />
oTx semestramdea. igi saSualo donis diplomis gamocdiT sruldeba<br />
(Diplomvorpruefung). ZiriTadi safexuri (Hauptstudium) swavlebis seqtoris<br />
xangrZlivoba, rogorc wesi, 9 semestriania da diplomis gamocdiT<br />
(Diplompruefung) sruldeba. semestrebi martidan agvistomde da seqtembridan<br />
Tebervlamde mimdinareobs. semestri, rogorc wesi 19 kvira grZeldeba,<br />
saswavlo saaTebis umetesoba leqciebze ixarjeba. sagamocdo regulireba<br />
sagnebis mixedviT xdeba. dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebebi gamocdebis Sesaxeb umaRlesi<br />
profesiuli saswavleblebis mier iwereba da aRiarebisaTvis gadaecema<br />
administraciuli miwis mecnierebaTa samisistros.<br />
1998 wels umaRlesi skolis CarCo kanonma (Hochschulrahmen<strong>ge</strong>setz HRG),<br />
dawesebulebebs, arsebuli sadiplomi programebis gverdiT sabakalavro da<br />
29
samagistro programebis danergva moTxova. bakalavris programebi sam an<br />
oTx wels SeiZleba grZeldebodes, magistris programebi ki Semdgom erT an<br />
or wels. im SemTxvevaSi Tu sabakalavro da samagistro programebi<br />
erTmaneTis gamgrZelebel blokad iqna Camoyalibebuli, swavlis<br />
maqsimaluri xangrZlivoba xuTi wliT limitirdeba. dReisaTvis,<br />
mimdevrobiT modelze srulad programaTa nawilia gadasuli. arsebobs<br />
sabakalavro da samagistro programebis sakmarisi raodenoba..<br />
kursis dizaini<br />
saswavlo kursis dizaini da swavlebis da<strong>ge</strong>gmva umaRlesi<br />
profesiuli saswavleblebSi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli praqtikul<br />
moTxovnebsa da profesiul saWiroebebze. praqtikis semestrebis<br />
(Praxissemester) ganmavlobaSi, dawesebulebis gareT, praqtikuli gamocdilebis<br />
SeZena cxovrebiseuli momavalia. umaRles profesiul saswavleblebSi<br />
saswavlo personali da sagnobrivi kursebi gamoyenebiT mecnierebebsa da<br />
ganviTarebad proeqtebze muSaoben, rac amgvari dawesebulebebis<br />
maxasiaTebelia.<br />
dualuri sistema<br />
ukanasknel wlebSi, umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebma dargobrivi<br />
akademiebis (Berufsakademien) msgavsi adaptacia gaiares, gansakuTrebiT<br />
inJineriisa da biznesis menejmentis mimarTulebiT. warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili kursebi,<br />
dualuri sistemis (Duales system) mimarTulebis Sesabamisad, akademiur<br />
swavlebas samuSaoze miRebul (on-the-job training) gamocdilebasa Tu<br />
dasaqmebasTan akavSireben. es kursebi `swavlebisa da praqtikis kombinaciis<br />
kursebis~ (Studiengaen<strong>ge</strong> im Praxisverbund) saxelwodebiTaa cnobili an<br />
`kooperatiuli swavlebis kursebis~ (Kooperative studiengaen<strong>ge</strong>) saxeliT<br />
moixsenieba. studentebs utardebaT treinin<strong>ge</strong>bi an uformdebaT<br />
damqiraveblis kontraqti. swavlebis periodi da samuSao gamocdileba<br />
gansxvavebuli modelis (Teoria da praqtika paralelurad e.w. sandwich an<br />
30
mimdevrobiTi modeli - Consecutive model) an saswavlo regulirebis mixedviT<br />
nawildeba. diplomis xarisxi (Diplomgrad), romelSic miTiTebulia sityva<br />
`Fachhochschuhle~, studentebs programis dasrulebis Semdeg mieniWebaT.<br />
miReba<br />
umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebSi Casaricxad saWiroa mowmoba,<br />
rogoricaa, erTis mxriv, umaRles saswavlebelSi misaRebi zogadi<br />
kvalifikacia (All<strong>ge</strong>meine Hochschulreife), an umaRles saswavlebelSi misaRebi<br />
kvalifikacia dar<strong>ge</strong>bis mixedviT (Fach<strong>ge</strong>bundene Hochschulreife), an meores mxriv,<br />
dargobriv umaRles saswavlebelSi misaRebi kvalifikacia (Fachhochschulreife),<br />
romlis mopovebac, dargobrivi saSualo skolis maRal klasebSi<br />
(Fachoberschule) SeiZleba. rogorc wesi, visac aqvs umaRles saswavlebelSi<br />
misaRebi kvalifikacia (Hochschulreife), man aucileblad unda gaiaros<br />
praqtikuli treiningi an praqtikuli internatura. Tumca, kvalifikacia<br />
umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebisaTvis aseve SeiZleba mopovebuli<br />
iqnas damatebiTi klasebis gavliT dargobriv skolebSi. magaliTad,<br />
Berufsfachschulen an Fachschulen-Si. damatebiT, garkveul kursze Casaricxad<br />
aucileblobiT moiTxoveba manamade miRebuli praqtikuli gamocdileba.<br />
garkveul kursebze (mag. dizaini) Casaricxad, umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebi<br />
kvalifikaciis garda, moiTxoveba xelovnebisadmi midrekilebis<br />
damadasturebeli sabuTebi. dReisaTvis umaRlesi profesiuli<br />
saswavleblebis abiturientebs aqvT umaRles saswavlebelSi misaRebi<br />
zogadi kvalifikacia, romlis saSualebiTac maT universitetSic SeuZliaT<br />
Cabareba. SedarebisaTvis 1975 wels amgvari kvalifikaciis mflobeli<br />
studentebis mxolod 20% abarebda umaRles profesiul saswavlebelSi.<br />
TiTqmis yvela administraciul miwaze arsebobs alternatiuli gza im<br />
abiturientebisaTvis, romelTac gaaCniaT dargobrivi kvalifikacia, magram<br />
ar aqvT umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebi kvalifikacia. abiturientma unda<br />
daamtkicos, rom mas gaaCnia umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad saWiro codna<br />
da unarebi. gaiaros misaRebi procedurebi (mag. swavlebis garkveuli<br />
31
periodiT Cairicxos pirobiTad) an Caabaros misaRebi gamocdebi umaRles<br />
profesiul saswavleblebSi (mag. Sefasebis an vargisianobis testi,<br />
interviu). abiturientebis wina gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, rogorc wesi,<br />
IReben uflebas Cairicxon umaRlesi ganaTlebis swavlebis specifiur<br />
kursze.<br />
ucxoeli abiturientebisaTvis (aplikantebisTvis) damatebiT zogierTi<br />
wesis dakmayofilebaa saWiro. isini aseve iricxebian umaRles profesiul<br />
saswavlebelSi, Tuki gaaCniaT eqvivalenturi ucxouri xarisxi da SeuZliaT<br />
daakmayofilon <strong>ge</strong>rmanuli enis garkveuli codnis done.<br />
TiTqmis yvela umaRles profesiul saswavlebelSi, studentTa didi<br />
raodenobis gamo, SezRudulia sagnebze Cawera. sagnebze misaReb adgilTa<br />
raodenoba umaRlesi profesiuli saswavlebelebis mier ganisazRvreba,<br />
rogorc wesi, saSualo niSanTa da lodinis periodis mixedviT.<br />
gamocdebi da xarisxebi umaRles profesiul saswavlebelSi (Fachschulen)<br />
swavlebis standartuli periodi (Re<strong>ge</strong>lstudienzeit) TiToeuli<br />
kursisaTvis sagamocdo instruqciebiT (Pruefungsordnung) fiqsirdeba.<br />
instruqciebis Sinaarsi damokidebulia saswavlo kurssa da im droisaTvis<br />
Casabarebel gamocdebze. cxra semestridan, erTi an ori praqtikuli<br />
semesteri (Praxissemester) TiTqmis yvela specialobaze savaldebuloa.<br />
saSualod, studentebi swavlebis dasamTavreblad damatebiT erT an or<br />
semestrs iReben.<br />
umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebi xarisxis Sesabamis diplomebs<br />
dasrulebuli saswavlo kursebis mixedviT aniWeben. xarisxi aRniSnavs<br />
specialobas da imas, rom igi gacemulia umaRlesi profesiuli<br />
saswavleblis (Fachschulen) mier: magaliTad inJineris diplomi - dargobrivi<br />
umaRlesi saswavlebeli (Diplomingineur (Fachhochschule)), abriviatura Dipl. Ing.<br />
(FH). zogierT umaRlesi profesiul saswavlebels aqvs SeTanxmeba ucxour<br />
universitetTan an sxva umaRlesi skolis dawesebulebasTan. SeTanxmebis<br />
Tanaxmad studenti iRebs ucxouri xarisxs <strong>ge</strong>rmanul diplomTan erTad.<br />
32
Semdgomi swavleba (Further study), damatebiT da Semavsebel kursebs<br />
(Postgraduale Studiengaen<strong>ge</strong>) sTavazobs studentebs. igi ZiriTadad bolo sami<br />
semestris ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobs da meore diplomis xarisxiT (Second<br />
Diplom degree) an akademiur miRwevis damadasturebeli sertifikatiT<br />
sruldeba. doqtoris xarisxis mopoveba umaRles profesiul saswavlebelSi<br />
SeuZlebelia, es xarisxi, mxolod xarisxis miniWebis uflebis (Doktorgrad)<br />
mflobeli universitetebis an maTi eqvivalenturi umaRlesi saswavleblebis<br />
mier gaicema.<br />
universitetebi 9<br />
struqtura<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi tradiciuli universitetebis gverdiT, universitetis statusiT<br />
sabunebismetyvelo da sainJinro profilis specializirebulni teqnikuri<br />
universitetebic (Technische Hochschulen an Technische Universitaeten) sar<strong>ge</strong>bloben.<br />
1970 wlis Semdeg Seqmnili erToblivi universitetebi (Gesamthochschulen)<br />
SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT universitetebis specialur tipebs, Tumca maTi<br />
popularoba garkveulwilad dabalia. am tipis Svidi universiteti -<br />
erToblivi umaRlesi skola (Universitaet-Gesamthochschulen) darCenilia mxolod<br />
hesenis da nordrain-vestfaliis miwebze. isini saswavlo akademiur,<br />
umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebs da e.w. integrirebul kursebsac<br />
atareben. kvalifikaciebs sami an oTxi wlis Semdeg, universitetis statusis<br />
eqvivalentur statuss aniWeben. iseTi dawesebulebebi rogoricaa,<br />
Teologiuri umaRlesi skolebi (Theologische Hochschulen) da pedagogiuri<br />
umaRlesi skolebi (Paedagogische Hochschulen), kursebis SedarebiT SezRuduli<br />
raodenoba iswavleba.<br />
yvela am dawesebulebas kanonmdeblobiT aqvs tradiciuli ufleba<br />
momxmarebels SesTavazon doqtorantura (Doctorgrad) da doqtoranturis<br />
Semdgomi swavlebis kvalifikacia (Habilitation).<br />
9<br />
am seqtorSi moqceulia, calke gansaxilveli informacia xelovnebisa da musikis<br />
kolejebis seqtoris Sesaxeb.<br />
33
umaRlesi skolis CarCo pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
(Hochschulrahmen<strong>ge</strong>setz), universiteti studentebs garkveuli profesiuli<br />
sferosaTvis amzadebs, aZlevs maT profilis Sesabamis gansakuTrebul<br />
codnas, uviTarebs unarebs ise, rom warmarTon mecnieruli an SemoqmedebiTi<br />
saqmianoba.<br />
universitetebis saswavlo mimarTulebebi<br />
universitetebi, rogorc wesi, saganTa farTo arCevans sTavazoben<br />
studentebs. saganTa raodenoba varirebs dawesebulebaTa Soris, erTad maTi<br />
raodenoba 330-s Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns da 6800 gansxvavebuli xarisxis kurss iTvlis.<br />
yvelaze gavrcelebuli mimarTulebebia:<br />
- ena da humanitaruli mecnierebebi, sporti<br />
- iurisprudencia, ekonomika da socialuri mecnierebebi<br />
- maTematika, sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi<br />
- medicina<br />
- agronomia, metyeveoba, dieturi(kvebasTan dakavSirebuli) mecnierebebi<br />
- sainJinro mecnierebebi<br />
garda amisa, xelovnebis da samusiko profiliT, <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi arsebobs<br />
umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebi, romelTac kolejebi hqviaT.<br />
xelovnebisa da samusiko kolejebis saswavlo mimarTulebebi<br />
xelovnebis kolejebi studentebs sTavazoben kursebs vizualur, dizainisa<br />
da SemoqmedebiT xelovnebaSi. samusiko kolejebi sxvadasxva sagnebs,<br />
zogjer Teoriul disciplinebTan kombinaciis saxiTac aswavlian<br />
(SemoqmedebiTi xelovneba da xelovnebis istoria, musikaTmcodneoba, musikis<br />
swavlebis istoria, da bolo wlebSi gavrcelebuli mediis axali<br />
sferoebi). zogierTi koleji xelovnebis saganTa srul speqtrs aswavlis,<br />
zogierTi ki garkveul mimarTulebs sTavazobs studentebs.<br />
34
gamocdebi da xarisxebi universitetebSi<br />
standartuli swavlebis periodi (Re<strong>ge</strong>lstudienzeit) gamocdebis instruqciebis<br />
safuZvelze (Pruefungsordnun<strong>ge</strong>n) TiToeuli saswavlo programisaTvis<br />
individualurad fiqsirdeba. kursis swavlebis xangrZlovobis (da<br />
gamocdebis Cabarebis) periodi Sesabamisi instruqciiT ganisazRvreba.<br />
umetesoba kursebisa oTxnaxevari weli grZleldeba, zogierTi ufro<br />
metxans (mag. medicinis swavleba grZeldeba eqvsi weli da sami Tve).<br />
saSualod, miuxedavad amisa, yvela studenti swavlis dasasruleblad<br />
damatebiT erT an or wels iRebs.<br />
akademiur xarisxebis mosapoveblad, studentebi abareben akademiur,<br />
saxelmwifo da saeklesio gamocdebs. rogorc wesi, profesiuli<br />
kvalifikaciis miniWeba gamocdebis Cabarebis safuZvelze xdeba. umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis dawesebulebebs kanonieri ufleba aqvT Tavad Caataron<br />
gamocdebi (Hochschulpruefun<strong>ge</strong>n). akademiuri xarisxi mieniWebaT Semdegi ori<br />
tipis akademiuri gamocdis safuZvelze xdeba:<br />
- sadiplomo gamocda (Diplompruefung) (romelic aniWebs diplomis<br />
xarisxs (Diplomgrad) da wodebas, mag. fsiqologis diplomi)<br />
- samagistro gamocda (Magisterpruefung) (romelic aniWebs magistris<br />
xarisxs (Magistergrad) da wodebas, magaliTad, Magister Artium - MA).<br />
saswavlo kursebi, romlebic sruldeba diplomiT (Diploma) Semoifargleba<br />
mxolod erTi sferoTi, xolo is kursebi, romlebic magistris xarisxiT<br />
sruldeba, moicavs specialobaTa kombinacias, rogorc wesi, erT ZiriTad<br />
(Major) da or meorexarisxovan (Minor) sferoebs, an or Tanasworuflebian<br />
Major sferos.<br />
1998 wlis umaRlesi skolis CarCo kanoni (HRG), ukve arsebuli Diplom<br />
da Magister programebis paralelurad, sTavazobs universitetebs<br />
warmoadginon sabakalavro da samagistro (MASTER) programebi. bakalavro<br />
programebi SeiZleba iyos sam an oTx wliani, samagistro programebi<br />
swavlebis erTi an ori weli. im SemTxvevaSi Tu sabakalavro da samagistro<br />
programebi erTmaneTis Tanmimdevrul blokad iqna Camoyalibebuli, swavlis<br />
35
maqsimaluri xangrZlivoba xuT wels Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns. arsebobs sabakalavro da<br />
samagistro programebis didi raodenoba (gansakuTrebiT maTematikaSi,<br />
sabunebismetyvelo da humanitarul mecnierebebSi bakalavriatis doneze, da<br />
sainJinro pogramebi samagistro doneze). umaRlesi skolis reqtorTa<br />
konferenciaze (Hochschulrektorenknferenz) `umaRlesi skolis kompasma”<br />
(Hochschulkompass) aRricxa TiTqmis aTasi sabakalavro da samagistro<br />
programa (55). Tumca am programebze msurvelTa raodenoba SedarebiT<br />
mwiria. <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis umaRlesi ganaTlebis kursTa mxolod 10% mimdinareobs<br />
inglisurad. (Klemperer et al., 2002).<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniis kanonmdeblobiT, saxelmwifo gamocdebiT (Staatpruefung)<br />
aucileblobiT unda sruldebodes sazogadoebisaTvis gansakuTrebuli<br />
mniSvnelobis profesiis mimniWebeli kursebi. aseTebia medicina,<br />
stomatologia, veterinaruli medicina, farmacia, kvebis qimia,<br />
iurisprudencia da ganaTleba. saxelmwifo gamocdis Catarebis standarti<br />
Seesabameba akademiur gamocdebs. aqedan gamomdinare, gansxvaveba saxelmwifo<br />
da akademiur gamocdebs Soris principSi formaluri xasiaTisaa.<br />
saxelmwifo gamocdebis Catarebis Semdeg, saxelmwifo gamomcdelebi,<br />
universitetis profesorebTan SeTanxmebiT, gamocdebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs aqtis saxiT<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen. saeklesio gamocdebi tardeba Teologiuri sferos<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT da zustad asaxavs saxelmwifo gamocdebis xarisxs.<br />
momavali iuristebi da maswavleblebi, pirveli saxelmwifo gamocdis<br />
Semdeg, gadian treinings e.w. mosamzadebel serviss (Vorbereitungsdienst),<br />
romelic sruldeba Semdgomi saxelmwifo gamocdiT. kursdamTavrebuls<br />
mxolod meore saxelmwifo gamocdis Cabarebis Semdeg eZleva profesiul<br />
sferoSi praqtikis gavlis ufleba.<br />
gamocdebi da xarisxebi xelovnebisa da musikalur kolejebSi<br />
xelovanis kvalifikacia <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi eniWebaT pirveli xarisxis kursis<br />
(Diplom) damTavrebisas. xelovnebis treinin<strong>ge</strong>bTan erTad, xelovnebis<br />
kolejebi atareben iseTi tipis saswavlo kursebsac, romelic studentebs<br />
36
saxelmwifo gamocdebis Cabarebis (Staatpruefung) da Semdgomi mosamzadebeli<br />
servisis (Vorbereitungsdienst) gavlisas skolebSi xelovnebisa an musikis<br />
swavlebis uflebas aZlevs. swavlis gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi, damatebiTi da<br />
momdevno kursebis (postgraduale Studiengaen<strong>ge</strong>) gavlis Semdeg studentebs<br />
mieniWebaT xelovnebis skolis studentis (Meisterschueler) wodeba, xelovanis<br />
kvalifikaciis damadasrulebeli mowmoba (Kuenstlerische Reifepruefung),<br />
sakoncerto gamocdis damadasturebeli mowmoba (Konzerterxamen) an Semdgomi<br />
xarisxis diplomi (Diplom). sabolood, umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirveli<br />
kvalifikaciis mopovebis Semdeg, profesiul saqmianobaSi Cabmamde,<br />
studentebs aseve doqtoranturis gavla SeuZliaT.<br />
xelovnebisa da musikis kolejebma (iseve rogorc Teologiurma<br />
umaRlesma skolebma (Theologische Hochschulen) da pedagogiurma umaRlesma<br />
skolebma (Paedagogische Hochschulen)) gadawyvites ar warmoadginon sabakalavro<br />
da samagistro programebi. xelovnebisa da musikis kolejebma magistris<br />
donis gamoyofa maT sferoSi azrs moklebulad CaTvales. Teologiuri<br />
saswavleblebi didad arian damokidebuli kursdamTavrebulTa dasaqmebis<br />
arealze (mag. eklesiebi, skolebi). am saswavleblebs jer ar aqvT danergili<br />
sabakalavro da samagistro programebi, magram didi wnexis gamo<br />
iZulebulni iqnebian gadavidnen swavlebis am modelze. (Klemperer et al., 2002).<br />
kursebis Sinaarsi universitetebSi<br />
saswavlo kursTa struqtura da Sinaarsi gansazRvrulia saswavlo<br />
instruqciebiT (Studienordnun<strong>ge</strong>n) da sagamocdo wesebiT (Pruefungsoednun<strong>ge</strong>n).<br />
instruqciebSi aRwerilia konkretul klasebSi saaTobrivi datvirTvis is<br />
raodenoba, romelic saWiroa umaRlesi ganaTlebis TiToeuli safexuris<br />
(sabaziso - Grundstudium da ZiriTadi - Hauptstudium) saswavlo kursis<br />
warmatebiT dasrulebisaTvis, miTiTebulia romeli sagania savaldebulo,<br />
arCeviTi da arasavaldebulo. saswavlo debulebaSi aseve aRniSnulia<br />
serTifikatis forma, romelic mieniWebaT specialuri klasebis gavlisas.<br />
amgvari debulebebis Sesaxeb informacias studentebi srulad floben.<br />
37
aRniSnuli procedura TiToeuli departamentis kurikulumis da<strong>ge</strong>gmvis<br />
erT-erTi sabaziso safuZvelia.<br />
sagamocdo wesebiTa Tu instruqciebiT (Pruefungsoednun<strong>ge</strong>n), aseve<br />
dad<strong>ge</strong>nilia swavlebis standartuli periodi (Re<strong>ge</strong>lstudienzeit), misaRebi<br />
moTxovnebi, gamocdebze misaniWebeli kreditebis raodenoba, disertaciis<br />
dasasruleblad daSvebuli periodi, sagamocdo standartebs, procedurebi<br />
da sagnebi.<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi, sxvadasxva administraciuli erTeulis (miwebis)<br />
ganaTlebisa da kulturis saqmeTa saministroebis regularulma<br />
konferenciam da umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis reqtorebisa da<br />
prezidentebis konferenciam (Hochschulrektorenkonferenz), saswavlo<br />
dawesebulebebSi sagamocdo instruqciaTa regulaciis mizniT, Seadgina<br />
`saswavlo da sagamocdo instruqciebis maregulirebeli erToblivi<br />
komisia~ (“Joint Commission for the Coordination of Study and Examination Regulations”),<br />
romelmac SeimuSava ZiriTadi dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebebi gamocdebisa da struqturis<br />
tipis Sesaxeb TiToeuli saswavlo kursis (Magister, Diplom) doneze.<br />
akademiuri weli sauniversiteto seqtorSi<br />
akademiuri weli or semestradaa dayofili, zafxulis semestri<br />
mimdinareobs aprilidan agvistomde, zamTris semestri oqtombridan<br />
martamde. xuTTvian periodebSi studentebs aqvT dro individualuri<br />
mecadineobisaTvis, praqtikuli samuSao gamocdilebis miRebisa da<br />
gamocdebis momzadebisaTvis.<br />
universitetebSi semestris ganmavlobaSi kvireuli saauditorio saaTebi<br />
umaRlesi dawesebulebebis mier SeTavazebuli yvela kursi<br />
eqvivalentur kvalifikaciebiT (Diplom, Magister, Staatpruefung) sruldeba.<br />
kvalifikaciebi gansazRvrulia `saswavlo da sagamocdo instruqciebis<br />
maregulirebeli erToblivi komisis~ (“Joint Commission for the Coordination of Study<br />
and Examination Regulations~) mier. komisia aseve aregulirebs saswavlo kursebis<br />
raodenobriv monacemebs, gansakuTrebiT swavlebis standartul periods<br />
38
(Re<strong>ge</strong>lstudienzeit), savaldebulo da arasavaldebulo sagnebis saaTobriv<br />
datvirTvas da saganTa ganawilebas, gamocdebis Semdeg miniWebad<br />
sertifikatebs (Leistungsnachweise), gamocdebis detalebs da saboloo<br />
Tezisebis dasrulebisaTvis saWiro periods.<br />
semestris ganmavlobaSi saWiro saswavlo saaTebis raodenoba<br />
damokidebulia umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebis saswavlo<br />
instruqciebze. TiToeuli sagnisaTvis ganisazRvreba semestris<br />
ganmavlobaSi saauditorio kvireuli saaTebi (Semesterwochenstunden).<br />
Cveulebriv, universitetebis kursebi studentTa saswavlo datvirTvis<br />
debulebis (Re<strong>ge</strong>lstudienzeit) gaTvaliswinebiT an standartuli swavlebiT,<br />
saSualod 9 semestrs moicavs 160 saaTiani datvirTviT (20 kvireuli<br />
saauditorio saaTi, 8 saswavlo semestri). es sqema gacilebiT izrdeba,<br />
rodesac kursi praqtikul treinin<strong>ge</strong>bs an laboratoriul samuSaos moicavs.<br />
periodi, romelic cnobilia `daswrebis periodis~ (saauditorio datvirTva)<br />
saxelwodebiT, saswavlo kursis dasrulebis mxolod erTi aspeqtia.<br />
damatebiT, studentebma drois mniSvnelovani nawili unda daxarjon<br />
damoukidebel muSobaze, moemzadon individualuri mecadineobisaTvis an<br />
dauTmon yuradReba specialobaSi im damatebiT mimarTulebebs, romelic<br />
araa SemoTavazebuli kursis mimdinareobisas. dReisaTvis, yovelTvis<br />
SesaZlebeli araa drois nawilobrivi datvirTviT (Part-time) swavlis<br />
gaformeba, kursebis organizebisas didi yuradReba eTmoba mosamsaxure da<br />
im studetebis moTxovnebs, romelTac Svilebi yavT.<br />
miReba<br />
sauniversiteto seqtorze misaRebi kvalifikacia da miReba<br />
universitetis da misi eqvivalenturi umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
dawesebulebaSi misaRebad moiTxoveba zogadi kvalifikacia (All<strong>ge</strong>meine<br />
Hochschulreife) an kvalifikacia dar<strong>ge</strong>bis mixedviT (Fach<strong>ge</strong>bundene Hochschulreife).<br />
amgvari forma yofil moswavleebs aZlevs uflebas gaagrZelon swavla<br />
39
nebismieri umaRlesi dawesebulebis nebismier mimarTulebaze, maSin roca,<br />
adre arsebuli uflebebiT kursTa mimaTulebebi SezRuduli iyo.<br />
evrosabWos qveynebis aplikantebma, romelTac ar gaaCniaT <strong>ge</strong>rmanuli<br />
umeRlesi ganaTlebis seqtorSi misaRebi kvalifikacia, unda warmoadginon<br />
saSualo skolis sertifikati, romelic aZlevs uflebas Cairicxon<br />
sakuTari qveynis umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebaSi. aplikants aseve<br />
SeuZlia warmoadginos sakuTari qveynis umaRles saswavlebelSi swavlis<br />
cnoba. damatebiT, ucxoelma aplikantebma saswavlo adgilis mosapoveblad<br />
unda daamtkicon <strong>ge</strong>rmanuli enis garkveuli donis codna, Caabaron<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmanuli enis gamocda umaRlesi ganaTlebis seqtorSi misaRebad ucxoeli<br />
aplikantebisTvis (Deutsche Sprachpruefung fuer den Hochschulzugang auslaendischer<br />
Studienbewerber - DSH) an eqvivalenturi gamocda.<br />
SerCeva<br />
umetesoba saswavlo kursze, nacionalobis kriteriumis mixedviT ar<br />
arsebobs aplikantTa raodenobis SezRudva. es niSnavs, rom nebismieri<br />
nacionalobis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nels, SeuZlia saqmianobis Tavisufali arCevanis<br />
uflebiT isar<strong>ge</strong>blos, rogorc es garantirebulia konstituciis me-12-e<br />
muxliT. yvela aplikanti, romelic daadasturebs zemoT aRniSnul<br />
moTxovnebs, daregistrirdeba umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebaSi,<br />
sakuTari survilis mixedviT arCeul saswavlo kursze, yovelgvari<br />
damatebiTi misaRebi procedurebis gareSe.<br />
zogierT kursze, (magaliTad medicina, veterinariuli medicina,<br />
stomatologia, arqiteqtura, biznesis menejmenti da fsiqologia), arsebobs<br />
nacionaluri qvota, aplikantebis didi raodenobis gamo misaRebi adgilebis<br />
arasakmarisi raodenobaa gamoyofili. 1998 wlis zafxulis semestridan,<br />
saerTo arCeviTi proceduris gaTvaliswinebiT, kursebze misaReb adgilTa<br />
raodenobas ad<strong>ge</strong>ns saswavlo adgilTa gamoyofis centraluri ofisi<br />
(Zentralstelle fuer die Vergabe von Studienplaetzen, ZVS). am proceduris legaluri<br />
safuZveli, saswavlo adgilebis gamoyofasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />
40
administraciuli miwebis Sida saxelmwifo SeTanxmebaa. 1997-98 wlis<br />
zamTris semestridan, medicinis kursis aplikantebma specialuri SerCevis<br />
procedura unda gaiaron damatebiT, rac testis CabarebaSi gamoixateba.<br />
dReisaTvis umaRlesi ganaTlebis doneze Cabarebis liberaluri<br />
procedurebi gadaxedvis stadiaSia.<br />
zogadnacionalur SerCevis proceduraze damokidebuli kursTa tipebi<br />
da raodenoba SeiZleba gansxvavdebodnen yovel semestrSi. es savsebiT<br />
SesaZlebelia, radgan yvela asarCev kursTa raodenoba mcirea aplikantTa<br />
raodenobasTan SedarebiT. saswavlo kursebze nacionaluri qvotis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT aplikantebi umaRlesi ganaTlebis doneze Caricxvis<br />
kvalifikaciis statusiT (Abitur) sar<strong>ge</strong>bloben. damatebiT aseve<br />
gaTvaliswinebulia molodinis periodi (abitur statussa da Caricxvas<br />
Soris).<br />
arsebobs zogierTi saswavlo sfero, sadac yvela aplikanti moipovebs<br />
adgils, Tumca SeiZleba es adgili ar iyos mis mier arCeul<br />
dawesebulebaSi. arsebobs zogadi SezRudvebi zogierTi saswavlo<br />
dawesebulebis kursisaTvis, romelic ar iTvaliswinebs nacionalur misaReb<br />
procedurebs. amis gamo aplikantebis miReba damokidebulia maT saSualo<br />
qulaTa raodenobis kriteriumze, gaTvaliswinebulia qulaTa SenarCunebis<br />
periodic.<br />
universitetebsa da xelovnebisa da musikis kolejebSi gadayvanis wesi<br />
da swavlis vadamde dasruleba<br />
universitetebSi studentTa saswavlo jgufebi d<strong>ge</strong>ba ara saswavlo<br />
semestris mixedviT, aramed sabaziso an ZiriTad doneze savaldebulo<br />
sagnebis Sesabamisad. Tuki studenti ver Caabarebs romelime kurss, igi<br />
gaivlis am kurss momdevno nakadTan semestruli CamorCenis gareSe.<br />
praqtikaSi, miuxedavad Caubarebeli sagnebisa, studenti mainc rCeba<br />
universitetSi. swavlebisa da gamocdebis regulireba dgindeba misaReb<br />
moTxovnebTan erTad TiToeuli safexurisaTvis. rogorc wesi, saSualedo<br />
41
da saboloo gamocdebze ganmeorebiT gasvla mxolod erTxel aris<br />
SesaZlebeli. saswavlo periodis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebiT, es sakiTxi<br />
nawilobriv mogvarebulia. kerZod, Tu studenti saboloo gamocdas ver<br />
Cabarebs standartuli swavlis periodSi (Re<strong>ge</strong>lstudienzeit) mas ufleba aqs<br />
gamocda sxva dros Caabaros.<br />
zogierT SemTxvevaSi studentebs survili aqvT Seicvalon saswavlo<br />
kursi an Sewyviton swavla universitetSi. yovelwliurad yvela<br />
universitetis studentTa 28%, gamocdebis srulad Cabarebis gareSe<br />
swavlas Tavs anebebs. Tuki studentebs sWirdebaT konsultacia raime<br />
kritikul situaciasTan dakavSirebiT, maT SesaZloa mimarTon studentTa<br />
konsultaciis samsaxurebs. studentTa socialuri uzrunvelyofis<br />
departamentSi maT SesTavazeben, rogorc konsultacias, aseve fsiqo-<br />
socialur daxmarebasac.<br />
zogadad SesaZlebelia saswavlo kursis Secvla, Tumca bolo<br />
semestrebze gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis SemTxvevaSi. Pirgaremoebebi<br />
SeiZleba iyos maT mier arCeuli kursebis sxva teritoriaze gavla.<br />
Cabarebulad eTvlebaT mxolod is kursebi, romelic eqvivalenturia maTi<br />
saswavlo kursisa.<br />
Semdgomi ganaTleba (Further Education)<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi `Semdgomi~ ganaTleba, Tavisi sakuTari wesebiT ganaTlebis<br />
mimarTuleba gaxda. Semdgomi ganaTlebis sxvadasxva xangrZlivobis<br />
treinin<strong>ge</strong>bi aRrmavebs, rogorc ukve arsebuli codnasa da unarebs, aseve<br />
gamocdilebas. Semdgomi ganaTleba erTnairad moicavs zogad, dargobriv da<br />
socio-politikur mimarTulebebs.<br />
vinaidan moTxovna da oficialuri gancxadebebi Semdgom ganaTlebaze<br />
yoveldRiurad mzardia, struqtura socialuri bazris principebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT ganviTarda. Semdgom ganaTlebas mosaxleoba iRebs<br />
municipalur dawesebulebebSi, saxalxo umaRles skolebSi (Volkshochschulen),<br />
kerZo dawesebulebebSi, saeklesio dawesebulebebSi, profesiul<br />
42
gaerTianebebSi, industriisa da komerciis palatebSi, politikur partiebsa<br />
da asociaciebSi, kompaniebsa da saxelmwifo mmarTvel organoebSi, saojaxo<br />
ganaTlebis centrebSi, akademiebSi, umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebSi,<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis da distanciuri swavlebis dawesebulebebSi. radio da<br />
televiziebi aseve awarmoeben Semdgomi ganaTlebis programebs.<br />
distanciuri ganaTleba<br />
Cvens mier aqamde motanili masala ansxvavebda sauniversiteto da<br />
umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebis seqtors. mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos,<br />
rom <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi damatebiT arsebobs dawesebulebebi, romlebic studentebs<br />
sTavazoben distanciuri swavlebis formebs. distanciuri swavlebis zogadi<br />
universiteti (Fernuniversitaet-Gesamthochschule) ha<strong>ge</strong>nSi 1974 wels daarsda. igi<br />
sTavazobs kursebs Diplom da Magister xarisxebis mosapoveblad. zogierT<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmanul qalaqSi, iseve rogorc avstriis, ungreTis da Sveicariis<br />
qalaqebSi distanciuri ganaTlebis universitetebs aqvT umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis centrebi adgilobrivi studentebis konsultaciisaTvis, aseve<br />
iReben studentebs savaldebulo klasebis gavlis periodSi.<br />
zogierTi umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebam, distanciuri<br />
swavlebis kursebis ganviTarebis mizniT, danerga distanciuri swavlebis<br />
formebi. distanciuri swavlebis asociaciebi bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
daarsda aRmosavleT <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi berlinis CaTvliT, nordrain-vestfaliaSi,<br />
hesenTan da zaarlandTan erTad rainland-pfalcSi. erTobliv proeqtTa<br />
nawili Seqmnilia distanciuri ganaTlebis saa<strong>ge</strong>ntoebTan TanamSromlobiT.<br />
distanciur swavlebas damatebiT, kerZo organizaciebi axorcieleben.<br />
zrdasrulTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebis akademikosTa sabWom (Akademiker-<br />
Gesellschaft fuer Erwachsenenfortbildung) daaarsa umaRlesi skola dasaqmebuli<br />
adamianebisaTvis (Hochschule fuer Berufstaeti<strong>ge</strong>). saxelmwifos mier aRiarebuli<br />
kerZo dawesebulebebi sTavazoben umaRles ganaTlebas rensburgSi (Slesvig-<br />
holStaini) da StutgartSi (baden-vutenbergi). Seqmnilia kursebi biznesis<br />
43
menejmentSi, industriul inJineriaSi da gamoTvliT biznesSi. ekonomikisa<br />
da sociologiis lahris koleji kerZo organizaciis kidev erTi magaliTia.<br />
distanciuri swavlebis centraluri dawesebulebis (ZFU) monacemebiT,<br />
1995 wels distanciuri swavlebis kursebze 150000 studenti Caewera. aqedan<br />
daaxloebiT 50000 xarisxs mopovebis stadiazea.<br />
xarisxisSemdgomi ganaTleba (Post-graduate education)<br />
xarisxisSemdgomi ganaTlebis faqtiurad ori tipi arsebobs. erTi<br />
exeba damatebiT codnis an unarebis SeZena-gaRrmavebas specialuri kursebis<br />
da programebis saSualebiT (damatebiTi (Zusatz)-, damatebiTi (Ergaenzung)-,<br />
samSeneblo swavleba (Aufbaustudien)). ukanasknel wlebSi, pirveli tipi metad<br />
poluparuli gaxda `codnis asociaciis~ konteqstiT. <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi es<br />
iniciativa gaZlierda, `cxovrebis manZilze uwyveti ganaTleba yvelasaTvis~<br />
programis (Aktionsprogramm Lebensbegleitendes Lernen fuer Alle) saxiT. ris<br />
Sedegadac, am tipis ganaTlebis miRebis msurveli ar finansdeba<br />
avtonomiurad, aramed mimarTavs aRniSnuli programis centrs.<br />
xolo meore tipi dakavSirebulia akademiuri swavlebis<br />
gagrZelebasTan, romelic sruldeba disertaciiT. <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi, iseve rogorc<br />
bevr sxva qveyanaSi swavlebis pirvel da umaRles xarisxebs Soris dayofis<br />
zRvari mkveTrad araa gansazRvruli. tradiciulad studentebi agrZeleben<br />
swavlas maRal (an xarisxisSemdgom) safexurze sawyisi kvalifikaciis<br />
mopovebis gareSe.<br />
struqtura da miReba<br />
universitetsa an eqvivalentur umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebaSi,<br />
pirveli saswavlo safexuris warmatebiT dasrulebis, Semdeg akademiuri<br />
saqmianobis garkveul stadiaze myof adamianebs SeuZliaT swavla<br />
gaagrZelon doqtoranturis safexurze, procesi Promotion-is saxeliTaa<br />
cnobili. umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblis (Fachhochschulen) xarisxis<br />
mflobelebisaTvis doqtoranturis safexurze misaRebad arsebobs<br />
44
specialuri wesebi. ukve arsebuli umaRlesi profesiuli saswavleblebis<br />
xarisxis garda, studentebma damatebiT mosamzadebeli kursebi unda<br />
gaiaron doqtoranturaSi Sesaswavl saganSi, an aRniSnul sakiTxebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT universitetSi damatebiTi swavlebis periodi unda daZlion,<br />
an unda Caabaron vargisianobis testi (Aptitude Test). doqtoranturaSi<br />
yuradRebas sadoqtoro Tezisebze (romelic damoukidebel kvlevas unda<br />
eyrdnobodes) da zepir gamocdebze (Rigorosum) amaxvileben. gamocdebi<br />
SeiZleba Canacvldes studenturi PhD Tezisebis dacviT (Disputation).<br />
sadoqtoro Tezisebi unda iqnas dawerili dad<strong>ge</strong>nili periodis<br />
ganmavlobaSi. doqtoranturis dasruleba aniWebs doqtoris (Doktor,<br />
Doktorgrad) akademiur xarisxs.<br />
xarisxisSemdgom doneze, studentebisagan minimalur droSi<br />
registracia moiTxoveba, aravin ar icis ra drois ganmavlobaSi<br />
gagrZeldeba muSaoba xarisxis mosapoveblad. sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT,<br />
doqtoranturaSi swavlis periodi gacilebiT grZelvadiani da Tavisuflad<br />
da<strong>ge</strong>gmilia. igi profesiuli saqmianobis da ganaTlebis kombinacia ufroa,<br />
vidre ganaTlebis calkeuli faza. doqtorantebis umetesoba universitetSi<br />
personalis Tanamdebobaze muSaobs. umetes SemTxvevaSi atareben seminarebs<br />
an konsultaciebs (saSualod 1-2-s semestris ganmavlobaSi). kursebze<br />
daiSvebian, rogorc maRali donis xarisxamdeli, aseve xarisxisSemdgomi<br />
studentebi, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom aris Zalian didi gansxvavebebi<br />
sxvadasxva dawesebulebebis mier SeTavazebul pirobebs Soris. metic,<br />
radgan PhD studentebi yovelTvis ar arian formalurad registrirebulni<br />
(isini ar warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen personalis specialur kategorias), amis gamo Zalian<br />
rTulia bolo periodis raodenobrivi informaciis floba. samecniero<br />
sabWos (Wissenschaftsrat) 1995 wlis monacemebiT, 1992 wlisaTvis <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi<br />
63000 doqtoranti iyo. maTgan daaxloebiT 70% universitetis<br />
TanamSromelia, romlebic TavianTi samuSao drois nawils PhD Tezisebis<br />
momzadebas uTmoben. daaxloebiT 20% PhD-ze grantis an kontraqtis<br />
45
safuZvelze muSaobs. dafinanseba SeiZleba iyos mopovebuli sxvadasxva<br />
saswavlo-samecniero da arasamecniero organizaciidan.<br />
80-ian wlebSi <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi, dainerga treinin<strong>ge</strong>bis araformalur<br />
sistema. <strong>ge</strong>rmanuli kvlevis sabWom (Deutsche Forschungs<strong>ge</strong>mainschaft) warmoadgina<br />
Sesabamisi programa xarisxis mflobelebisaTvis (Graduiertenkolleg).<br />
xarisxisSemdgomi treinin<strong>ge</strong>bis axali sistema warmatebiT Sefasda. 2002<br />
wlisaTvis <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi TiTqmis 300-mde xarisxis mimWiWebeli skola iyo. 2001<br />
wlisaTvis am tipis skolebSi studentTa saerTo raodenobas 4800 studenti<br />
daemata. saleqcio jgufi Sed<strong>ge</strong>boda 15-25 PhD erTi an ramodenime<br />
damegobrebuli (SesaZloa internacionaluri) universitetis studentisagan.<br />
universiteti warad<strong>ge</strong>ns Graduiertenkolleg-s <strong>ge</strong>gmas (kvleviTi da saswavlo<br />
programis CaTvliT), romelic rogorc Sinaarsobrivad, iseve finansuradac<br />
Sesabamisi administraciuli miwis mieraa damowmebuli da mxardaWerili.<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmanuli kvlevis sabWo (Deutsche Forschungs<strong>ge</strong>meinschaft) afasebs am<br />
winadadebas, misi damowmebis SemTxvevaSi d<strong>ge</strong>ba Sesrulebis periodi samidan<br />
maqsimum 9 wlamde xangrZlivobiT.<br />
ZiriTadi dafinanseba<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniis umaRlesi ganaTleba saxelmwifo dafinansebazea,<br />
saswavleblebi cxadia, biujetis da<strong>ge</strong>gmvisas unda icavdnen <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis<br />
mTavrobis administrirebis kanonebs. kanonebi, Seqmnilia TiToeuli<br />
miwisaTvis, magram met-naklebad msgavsia mTeli qveynis teritoriaze.<br />
ZiriTadi SezRudvebi, romelTa dacvac savaldebuloa Semdegia:<br />
- biujetis moTxovna (xarjvis kategoriebis dafiqsireba) daafiqsiros<br />
finansuri wlis prioritetebi,<br />
- biujeti ar SeiZleba gaixarjos mimarTulebebis sawinaaRmdegod,<br />
- dawesebuleba erTianad ar iRebs dafinansebas personalis<br />
dasafinanseblad, Tuki es saStato <strong>ge</strong>gmaSi (Stellenplan) ar aris<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli,<br />
46
- dawesebulebas ar SeuZlia gaxarjos personalis fondi sxva<br />
saWiroebiisaTvis, maSinac ki, roca es iTvleba aucileblad da<br />
Sesaferisad,<br />
- fondebi (dauxarjavi balansi) ar SeiZleba gadatanil iqnas momdevno<br />
finansur welze,<br />
miuxedavad amisa, bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis<br />
administraciul miwebze mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi moxda. zogierTma miwam<br />
SeinarCuna sworxazovani biujetis forma, zogierTma gadauxvia dad<strong>ge</strong>nil<br />
mimarTulebas, zogierTma ki mainc Seqmna erTiani dafinansebis biujeti<br />
(Zie<strong>ge</strong>le, 2000).<br />
swavlebis gadasaxadebi<br />
rogorc wesi, umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirveli safexuris kursebze,<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaneli da ara<strong>ge</strong>rmaneli studentebisaTvis ar arsebobs registraciis<br />
gadasaxadi, semestruli gadasaxadi an sagamocdo gadasaxadi. Tumca, yvela<br />
studenti ixdis minimalur Tanxas socialuri keTilmowyobiT<br />
sar<strong>ge</strong>blobisaTvis. saswavleblebSi arsebobs studentTa TviTadministirebis<br />
organizaciebi (rogorc wesi studenturi komitetebi – Al<strong>ge</strong>meine<br />
Studentenausschuss), studentebi aseve ixdian maT damatebiT gadasaxadebs.<br />
zogierT miwaze SemoiRes an apireben SemoiRon gadasaxadebi im<br />
studentebisaTvis, romlebic xangrZlivad swavloben, e.w. `Long-term”.<br />
magaliTisaTvis baden-vunternbergSi studentebma, romlebic standartuli<br />
swavlis periodze (Re<strong>ge</strong>lstudienzeit) oTxi semestriT met xans swavloben,<br />
yovelsemestrulad 511 evro unda gadaixadon. saxelmwifo da kerZo<br />
dawesebulebebs SeuZliaT Secvalon gadasaxadebi Semdgomi (Weiterbildung)<br />
ganaTlebis programebze registrirebisas. gadasaxadebis odenoba<br />
daregulirebulia, magaliTad, programis sruli Rirebulebis 60%. kerZo<br />
universitetebs sruli Tavisufleba aqvT nebismieri programis<br />
gadasaxadebis dad<strong>ge</strong>naSi. Sesabamisad, gadasaxadebi araa barieri saxelmwifo<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirvel safexurze.<br />
47
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
sistema mravalferovania. Tanamedrove dakveTebidan gamomdinare, umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis damokidebuleba da urTierTkavSiri maTi erTi<br />
qudis qveS gaerTianebas uwyobs xels, rac Tavis mxriv axleburi tipis<br />
universitets ayalibebs. cxadia, mTeli es cvlilebebi mimdinareobs<br />
boloniis procesis dakveTebis fonze, rac 2010 wlisaTvis unda damTavrdes.<br />
boloniis procesis farglebSi aqamde ganxorcielebuli yvela<br />
Zalisxmeva, romelic mimarTulia umaRlesi ganaTlebis gansxvavebuli<br />
sistemebis harmonizaciisaken, ar scildeba Sidastruqturul miTiTebebs.<br />
mravalricxovan miTiTebebsa Tu moTxovnebs Soris SeiZleba ramdenime<br />
davasaxeloT: swavlebis samsafexuriani sistemis, kreditebis transferisa<br />
da dagrovebis evropuli sistemis (ECTS), diplomis axleburi danarTis<br />
(evropis sabWosa da UNESCO/CEPEC-is mier SemuSavebuli modeli) SemoReba,<br />
swavlebis yvela doneze silabusebisa da kurikulumebisa Tanamedrove<br />
saxiT SemuSaveba, Sefasebis erTiani sistemis danergva da sxva.<br />
konvenciebisa da deklaraciebis dokumentebSi SefarviTac araa naxsenebi<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis seqtoris organizaciuli modelis saxe, saubari arc<br />
prioritetebzea. politikis globaluri xazi mimarTulia iqiTken, rom sanam<br />
studentebs mopovebuli, aRiarebadi kvalifikaciiT SesaZlebloba aqvT<br />
Tavisuflad gadaadgildnen qveynidan qveyanaSi, nebismier saxelmwifos<br />
damoukideblad ZaluZs airCios sakuTari umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis<br />
organizaciuli modeli.<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, umaRlesi ganaTlebis istoria platonis<br />
akademiidan da aristoteles likeidan iwyeba. Semdeg modis Sua saukuneebis<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis cnobili dawesebulebani. evropis uZvelesi<br />
universitetebi, burJuaziuli epoqa da socialisturi umaRlesi skola<br />
mTeli Tavisi gamocdilebiT. TiToeuli epoqis saswavlo dawesebulebas,<br />
48
qveynis moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, sakuTari mizani da amocanebi gaaCnda. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi gamonakliss ar warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns saqarTveloSi arsebuli saswavlo<br />
dawesebulebebic.<br />
Zveli berZeni istorikosebisa da <strong>ge</strong>ografebis Canawerebi mowmobs, rom<br />
antikur saqarTveloSi iyo `ayvavebuli qalaqebi~ SesaniSnavi<br />
`sazogadoebrivi Senobebis~, `gimnasionebiT~. antikuri ganaTlebis<br />
gavrcelebasa da mecnieruli azris Semdgom ganviTarebaSi didi roli<br />
iTamaSa kolxeTis umaRlesma ritorikulma skolam (IIIs.IInax). IV saukuneSi<br />
qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebas mohyva eklesiebTan<br />
skolebis gaxsna. magram male ucxo dampyrobTa Semosevebma, gansakuTrebiT<br />
ki arabTa batonobam, didi xniT Seaferxa qarTuli kulturis ganviTareba.<br />
ganaTlebis aRorZineba da intensiuri ganviTareba daiwyo XI-XII saukuneebSi,<br />
daviT aRmaSeneblis da Tamar mefis xanaSi. Seiqmna mecnierebisa da<br />
ganaTlebis iseTi kerebi, rogoric iyo <strong>ge</strong>laTis akademia da iyalTos<br />
akademia. am didi saqmis mosamzadebeli safexuri iyo qarTuli kulturis<br />
cnobili kerebi saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT – aTonis iverielTa<br />
monasteri saberZneTSi, petriwonis monasteri bulgareTSi. XIII saukunidan<br />
moyolebuli jer monRolTa, xolo Semdeg iranisa da osmaleTis<br />
gamapartaxebelma Semosevebma daaqveiTes da dasces kultura da ganaTleba<br />
saqarTveloSi.<br />
XVII saukunis II naxevridan Seiqmna erTgvari pirobebi saqarTvelos<br />
politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli gamococxlebisaTvis. XVIII<br />
saukuneSi saxalxo ganaTlebis saqme xelisuflebis mzrunvelobis sagnad<br />
iqca, ramac saTanado Sedegi gamoiRo – 1755 wels gaixsna Tbilisis<br />
seminaria, 1782 wels Telavis seminaria (romelic faqtobrivad umaRles<br />
skolas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nda), iTargmna da Seiqmna saxelmZRvaneloebi [6].<br />
maswavlebelTa profesiuli momzadebis dawesebulebebs saqarTveloSi<br />
XIX saukunidan vxvdebiT. XIX saukunis I naxevarSi saqarTvelos saxalxo<br />
skolebisaTvis maswavleblebs amzadebda Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria<br />
(1817w), Tbilisisa da quTaisis wminda ninos saswavleblebi (1846, 1847 ww) da<br />
agreTve, nawilobriv vaJTa gimnaziebi, magram es ar iyo maTi ZiriTadi<br />
49
daniSnuleba. amasTan, maT ar hqondaT saTanado pirobebi maswavlebelTa<br />
mosamzadeblad da arc iyo SemuSavebuli pedagogiuri kadrebis momzadebis<br />
garkveuli sistema.<br />
saqarTveloSi pirveli specialuri pedagogiuri saswavlebeli Seiqmna<br />
1866 wels. es skola gaxsna kavkasiaSi marTlmadidebeli qristianobis<br />
aRmd<strong>ge</strong>nelma sazogadoebam da skolis daniSnulebas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nda<br />
aRniSnuli sazogadoebis saswavleblebisaTvis maswavlebelTa momzadeba.<br />
magram sinamdvileSi, es skola maswavleblebs amzadebda ganaTlebis<br />
saministros dawyebiTi saswavleblebisaTvisac. saswavlebeli<br />
Tavdapirvelad sami klasisagan Sed<strong>ge</strong>boda, iRebdnen dawyebiT<br />
skoladamTavrebulebs. 1871 wlidan igi gadakeTda saostato samaswavleblo<br />
institutad da aleqsandre II-is saxeli ewoda. samaswavleblo instituti<br />
amzadebda maswavleblebs jer amierkavkasiis saqalaqo, xolo Semdeg<br />
umaRlesi dawyebiTi saswavleblebisaTvis. swavlebis xangrZlivoba 4 weli<br />
iyo da rusul enaze mimdinareobda. qarTuli ena arasavaldebulo iyo,<br />
kvireuli datvirTviT 4 sT. skolaSi miReba xdeboda sakonkurso gamocdebis<br />
wesiT, iricxebodnen moswavleebi, romelTac samazro an saqalaqo<br />
saswavleblebi hqondaT damTavrebuli. samaswavleblo skolasTan arsebobda<br />
erTklasiani saswavlebeli, romelic SemdgomSi jer orklasianad, xolo<br />
Semdeg, 1882 wlidan saqalaqo saswavleblad gadakeTda. pedagogiuri ciklis<br />
sagnebidan iswavleboda pedagogika, saskolo higiena da pedagogiuri<br />
praqtika. aleqsandre II-s samaswavleblo instituti atarebda ruseTis<br />
politikas amierkavkasiaSi da cxadia, swavlebis kursi ar iyo Sefardebuli<br />
kavkasiis adgilobriv pirobebTan, arasavaldebulod iswavleboda<br />
adgilobrivi enebi, xolo kavkasiis istoria, <strong>ge</strong>ografia, eTnografia<br />
saerTod ar iswavleboda. momavali pedagogisaTvis, romelsac muSoba<br />
kavkasiaSi mouxdeboda, savaldebulo ar iyo adgilobrivi mxaris, xalxis,<br />
kulturisa da enebis codna.<br />
XX saukunis dasawyisidan, saqarTvelos saxalxo ganaTlebis<br />
sistemaSi seriozuli cvlilebebi daiwyo. 1909 wels TbilisSi, kerZo pirTa<br />
iniciativiT, daarsda pirveli umaRlesi skola - `qalTa umaRlesi kursebi~,<br />
50
omelic SemdgomSi amierkavkasiis kerZo institutad gadakeTda, iarseba 1920<br />
wlamde. 1917 wels, aseve kerZo iniciativiT, daarsda Tbilisis<br />
politeqnikuri instituti (swavleba rusul enaze mimdinareobda), xolo 1918<br />
wels, ivane javaxiSvilis da sxva qarTvel mecnierTa da sazogado<br />
moRvaweTa iniciativiT daarsda Tbilisis universiteti, romelmac saTave<br />
daudo erovnuli kadrebis momzadebas saqarTveloSi.<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, Tbilisis pirveli samaswavleblo instituti 1919<br />
wels gadakeTda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis sapedagogio<br />
institutad, 1921 wlis 29 ivliss universitetis profesorTa sabWos<br />
dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebiT universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebisa da samaTematiko-<br />
sabunebismetyvelo fakultetebi gaerTianda erT pedagogiur fakultetad,<br />
romelic gaerTianebis miuxedavad ori ganyofilebisagan Sed<strong>ge</strong>boda –<br />
sobrZnismetyvelebisa da samaTematiko-sabunebismetyvelo, TiToeul<br />
ganyofilebas hyavda Tavisi Tavmjdomare da mdivani. pedagogiuri<br />
fakultetis dekanad damtkicebul iqna prof. k. kekeliZe, mdivnad doc. z.<br />
yanCaveli. 1922 wlis 30 ivniss universitetTan arsebuli sapedagogo<br />
instituti gadakeTda sapedagogo fakultetis institutad da misi kursis<br />
gavla savaldebulo iyo im studentebisaTvis, romlebic sapedagogo<br />
sarbielze apirebdnen moRvaweobas. aRniSnul institutTan gaixsna e.w.<br />
mTliani Sromis skolis tipis sacdeli skola, romlis xelmZRvaneloba<br />
daevala institutis direqtors, prof. d. uznaZes. 1923 wlis bolos<br />
instituti daixura da studentTa umravlesoba pedagogiur fakultetze<br />
gadavida.<br />
1925 wlidan daiwyo saxelmwifos <strong>ge</strong>neraluri xazis gatareba<br />
ganaTlebis sferoSi, ramac cxadia, upirvelesi dartyma Tbilisis<br />
universitets miayena. daiwyo universitetis struqturis, swavlebis<br />
meTodebisa da profesor-maswavlebelTa kritika. saxelmwifo samecniero<br />
sabWos pedagogiurma seqciam SeimuSava proeqti, romlis mixedviT<br />
pedagogiuri fakultetis filosofiuri, fsiqologiuri da istoriis<br />
dar<strong>ge</strong>bi unda gauqmebuliyo. am proeqtis gamo, 1925 wlis Semodgomaze ivane<br />
51
javaxiSvili ganaTlebis saxalxo komisariatSi gzavnis moxsenebiT baraTs,<br />
romelSic wers: `ratom unda dangreuli iqnes pedagogiuri fakulteti da<br />
ganadgurebuli is didi muSoba da moRvaweoba, romelic am Svidi wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi gaweuli iyo da didis energiiT mopovebulia? maswavleblis<br />
mowodeba da wodeba imdenad maRali da didia, rom is viTarca momavali<br />
Taobis aRmzrdeli saukeTesod da farTod unda iyos ganaTlebuli, Tavisi<br />
specialobis mecnierebis ukanaskneli miRweulobaTa mcodne da misi<br />
warmatebis Tvalyuris mdevneli. mxolod aseTi piri aasrulebs pirnaTlad<br />
Tavis movaleobas. amitom mas Sesaferisi momzadeba unda hqondes da<br />
pedagogiuri fakultetebis programas gamartiveba ki ara, piriqiT<br />
gafarToeba sWirdeba~. amonaridi ivane javaxiSvilis werilidan, naTlad<br />
gviCvenebs didi mecnieris damokidebulebas maswavleblis profesiisa da<br />
misi momzadebis saqmisadmi.<br />
werili reagirebis gareSe darCa. daiwyo universitetebis<br />
fakultetebis institutebad daSla. 1930 wlis 7 ivlisis dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebiT<br />
Catarda Tsu-s reorganizacia. mis bazaze Seiqmna 4 specialuri saswavlo<br />
instituti. maT Soris pedagogiuri instituti. 1930-1931 saswavlo wels<br />
pedagogiur instituts, Camoyalibebis dros 6 fakulteti hqonda: fizika-<br />
maTematikis, sabunebismetyvelo-biologiuri da <strong>ge</strong>ografia-<strong>ge</strong>ologiuri.<br />
SemdgomSi daemata: enisa da literaturis (qarTuli da evropuli),<br />
sazogadoebriv-ekonomiuri (filosofiur-istoriuli da ekonomikuri<br />
ganyofilebiT), filologiur-pedagogiuri (pedagogiuri, skolamdeli da<br />
saskolo aRzrdis ganyofilebiT), saxviTi xelovnebis. 1930 wlis<br />
noembrisaTvis pedagogiur institutSi 49 profesori iyo, maT Soris n.<br />
musxeliSvili, al. javaxiSvili, k. kekeliZe, s. xundaZe, k. kakabaZe, d.<br />
kakabaZe da sxva. profesorTa pirvel kolegias (8 wevri) meTaurobda ivane<br />
javaxiSvili. rogorc vxedavT, am umZimes periodSi, swored pedagogiurma<br />
institutma itvirTa ZiriTadi humanitaruli specialobebisa da<br />
disciplinebis Tavmoyra.<br />
universitetis bazaze institutebis Seqmnam warmoSva safrTxe<br />
fundamenturi mecnierebis dargSi momuSave ZalTa daqsaqsvisa da samecniero<br />
52
kvleviTi muSaobis Seferxebisa sabednierod, yvelaferi male Cadga Tavis<br />
kalapotSi. 1933 wlis 8 ianvars saqarTvelos ssr cakma da saxkomsabWom<br />
miiRo dad<strong>ge</strong>nileba, romlis safuZvelzec safinanso ekonomiuri institutis,<br />
sabWoTa mSeneblobisa da samarTlis institutis da nawilobriv<br />
pedagogiuri institutis bazaze moewyo tfilisis saxelmwifo universiteti,<br />
amjerad swavlebis vada ganisazRvreba 4-5 wliT da Seiqmna 5 fakulteti<br />
sxvadasxva ganyofilebebiT da seqciebiT (sul 24 seqcia). universitetSi, 1930<br />
wlidan calke erTeulad daarsebuli pedagogikis kaTedra 1933 wlidan<br />
emsaxureba yvela fakultets da Sesabamisad universitetis<br />
kursdamTavrebulT eniWebaT maswavleblis wodeba. rogorc vxedavT,<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, TiTqmis gaxsnis dRidan, maswavlebels<br />
amzadebs specialuri fakulteti da misi wodeba eniWeba mxolod im pirebs,<br />
romlebic am fakultets gaivlian. im droindel msoflioSi arsebuli<br />
maswavleblis momzadebis sistemebic swored asea a<strong>ge</strong>buli. XX saukunis 30-<br />
iani wlebidan sabWoTa kavSiris da maT Soris saqarTvelos ganaTlebis<br />
sistemac Zireulad icvleba da atarebs qveynis politikis interesebs.<br />
maswavleblis momzadebis sistemac gansxvavebulia msoflios danarCeni<br />
qveynebis sistemebisagan, sadac maswavleblebs amzadeben universitetebTan<br />
arsebuli specialuri fakultetebi, ganyofilebebi da kolejebi da<br />
maswavleblis kvalifikacia eniWebaT mxolod im pirebs, vinc TavianTi<br />
survilis Sesabamisad gaivlian aRniSnul fakultetebsa da kursebs.<br />
1933 wels mTavrobis dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebiT pedagogiuri instituti gadatanil<br />
iqna quTaisSi. institutSi Seiqmna Semdegi ganyofilebebi: 1. fizika-<br />
maTematikuri ganyofileba; 2. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa ganyofileba;<br />
3. istoriul-literaturuli ganyofileba; 4. pedagogiur-pedologiuri<br />
ganyofileba. swavlebis vada pedagogiur institutSi 4 wliT ganisazRvra.<br />
quTaisis pedagogiuri institutis gaxsnas mohyva saqarTvelos mTel<br />
teritoriaze pedagogiuri institutebis daarseba, kerZod, gaixsna<br />
cxinvalis (1932 w), soxumis (1932 w), Tbilisis (1935 w, puSkinis saxelobis),<br />
baTumis (1935 w), goris (1935 w), Telavis (1939 w), zugdidis (1939 w, iarseba<br />
53
1952 wlamde), pedagogiuri institutebi, Tbilisis somxur-azerbaijanuli<br />
samaswavleblo (1939 w, romelic Semdgom SeuerTda Tbilisis pedagogiur<br />
institutebs).<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom es pedagogiuri institutebi universitetma daayena<br />
fexze. wlebis ganmavlobaSi, universitetis xandazmuli profesor-<br />
maswavleblebi kvirebs mogzaurobaSi atarebdnen, Rarmeebs aTenebdnen,<br />
magram mainc dauzareblad emsaxurebodnen momavali maswavleblis aRzrdis<br />
saqmes quTaissa Tu baTumSi, gorsa Tu TelavSi. Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetma gadamwyveti roli Seasrula agreTve am institutebisaTvis<br />
profesor-maswavlebelTa momzadebis saqmeSi [9].<br />
SemdgomSi ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetma ara erTi mniSvnelovani cvlileba ganicada, ganviTarda da<br />
dRes moiazreba, rogorc umaRlesi ganaTlebis seriozuli kera<br />
saqarTveloSi.<br />
2005 wels saqarTvelo boloniis mimdinare procesSi gawevrianda.<br />
Sesabamisad sruldeba boloniis procesis farglebSi mimdinare yvela<br />
moTxovna.<br />
universitetis winaSe dgas amocana, man unda moamzados maRali<br />
kvalifikaciis mqone kadri, romelic konkurentunariani iqneba dasaqmebis<br />
bazarze. universitetis erTi mTavari piroba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom masSi<br />
saswavlo-pedagogiuri procesis gaSla mxolod seriozuli samecniero-<br />
kvleviTi muSaobis bazaze unda iyos SesaZlebeli, ris gareSec maRali<br />
kvalifikaciis mecnieruli kadrebis momzadeba warmoud<strong>ge</strong>nelia.<br />
universiteti umaRlesi samecniero-saswavlo dawesebulebaa da ara marto<br />
umaRlesi saswavlebeli [8].<br />
dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi uamravi umaRlesi saswavlebeli arsebobs,<br />
romelTac msoflioSi arsebuli ukve cnobili tendenciis Sesabamisad<br />
universitetebi ewodebaT. Tumca qarTul sinamdvileSi, samwuxarod, jer<br />
kidev praqtikul doneze ver aris gawerili universitetis misia, da, Cveni<br />
azriT, saswavlo da samecniero procesebi spontanurad mimdinareobs.<br />
54
zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, universitetis mTel saswavlo-<br />
pedagogiur procesSi da kerZod, mis meTodur momsaxurebaSi, kvleviTi<br />
principebi uryevad unda iqnas daculi. universitetis da zogadad yvela<br />
umaRlesi saswavleblis amocanaa moamzados specialisti, romelmac<br />
SeeZleba mopovebuli codna gamoiyenos saWiroebisamebr da droisa da<br />
sazogadoebis moTxovnis Sesabamisad damoukideblad gaiRrmavos da<br />
srulhyos sakuTari gamocdileba. aseve mas unda hqondes mecnieruli<br />
azrovnebis, mecnieruli muSaobis unari da Cvevebi. aRniSnuli mosazreba<br />
kidev erTxel dafiqsirda boloniaSi 1988 wlis 18 seqtembers Catarebuli<br />
universitetebis didi qartiis (Magna Charta Universitatum) dokumentSi -<br />
`universitetSi swavleba da kvleva urTierTisagan ganuyofeli unda iyos,<br />
raTa saswavlo procesi ar CamorCes sazogadoebis cvalebad moTxovnebsa da<br />
samecniero codnis miRwevebs~.<br />
amrigad, istoriuli da Tanamedrove literaturis gadamuSavebam,<br />
morig jerze dagvarwmuna, rom universiteti saswavlo-samecniero<br />
dawesebulebaa, sadac Sexamebulia kvlevisa da swavlebis orientacia da<br />
saxelmwifos mxridan uzrunvelyofilia studentisa da maswavleblis<br />
Tavisufleba.<br />
55
$2. umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebi<br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavlebels Cveulebrivad leqtors (Lat. Lector -<br />
mkiTxveli) uwodeben, vinaidan swavlebis organizaciis ZiriTadi formad<br />
umaRlesi skolaSi leqciaa (Lat. Lectio - kiTxva) miCneuli. es garemoeba<br />
imaze miuTiTebs, rom leqtori, rogorc maswavlebeli yvela im ZiriTadi<br />
niSnis materebelia, rac saerTod maswavleblisTvis (mag. saSualo skolis<br />
maswavleblisTvis) aris damaxasiaTebeli. miuxedavad amisa, leqtors<br />
saSualo skolisagan gansxvavebiT, Taviseburebac gaaCnia, rac umaRlesi<br />
skolis amocanebiTa da studentTa TaviseburebebiTaa ganpirobebuli. [23]<br />
umaRlesi saswavleblis specifikidan gamomdinare, leqtoris<br />
(SemdgomSi maswavlebeli) winaSe sxvadasxva amocana dgas. umaRlesi<br />
saswavleblis tipis mixedviT ganisazRvreba maswavleblisadmi wayenebuli<br />
moTxovna-movaleobebic. Cveni universitetis specifikidan gamomdinare,<br />
maswavlebels ara Tu sakuTari sagnis Rrmad codna, aramed pedagogiuri<br />
unar-Cvevebis floba evaleba. amasTan, umaRlesi skolis<br />
maswavleblisaTvis mecnieruli codnis gasaRrmaveblad aucilebeli<br />
mecnieruli kvlevis unarebis flobaa. swored, mecnieruli codnis,<br />
kvleviTi unarebis da pedagogiuri unaris swori Sexameba warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />
kargi maswavleblobis aucilebel pirobas.<br />
arsebobs umaRlesi skolis leqtoris, rogorc maswavlebelis,<br />
profesiul TvisebaTa garkveuli CamonaTvali, romelTa gareSec<br />
SeuZlebelia igi kargi pedagogi iyos. rasakvirvelia, kargi leqcia,<br />
mecnieruli erudiciis gareSe ar arsebobs, magram Caataro leqcia,<br />
aswavlo sxvas mecniereba, codnis garda, pedagogiur unarsac saWiroebs.<br />
aswavlo sxvas, es ara marto xelovneba, Semoqmedeba, aramed unaricaa, rac<br />
pirovnuli Tvisebaa da specialuri dargis codnas moiTxovs.<br />
56
umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis saqmianobis Sefasebis mravalwlian<br />
gamocdilebas mivyavarT azramde, rom es Sefaseba kompleqsuri,<br />
(informaciis sxvadasxva wyaro) unda iyos.<br />
amis ara erTi magaliTi arsebobs specialur literaturaSi. ase<br />
magaliTad, g.b. skoks [24] miaCnia, rom pedagogiuri profesionolizmi<br />
Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba sami blokisa an komponentisagan:<br />
� zogadkulturuli<br />
� studentis pirovnebis pativiscema<br />
� sagnobriv-teqnologiuri<br />
ruseTis saxelmwifo sagadasaxado akademiis mier gamoqveynebul<br />
saJurnalo statiaSi [14] aRniSnulia, rom moTxovnebi maswavleblis<br />
profesionalizmisadmi SeiZleba daiyos Semdeg aspeqtebad:<br />
� saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesis teqnologia<br />
� pedagogis pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebis Sefaseba<br />
� studentsa da pedagogs Soris damokidebulebis anu pedagogiuri<br />
urTierTobis Sefaseba<br />
saqarTveloSi fond `Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelos~ mier 2001-2002<br />
wlebSi ganxorcielebuli maswavlebelTa sauniversiteto momzadebis<br />
programis masalebSi aseve mocemulia sxvadasxva avtorTa mosazreba<br />
maswavlebelTa profesiuli maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb. kerZod, statiaSi<br />
`maswavleblis kvalifikacia Ria, hetero<strong>ge</strong>nul sazogadoebaSi~ CamoTvlilia<br />
Semdegi maxasiaTeblebi:<br />
1. maswavlebeli, rogorc saswavlo procesebis organizatori,<br />
iniciatori, meTvelyure<br />
2. maswavlebeli, rogorc aRmzrdeli<br />
3. maswavlebeli, rogorc moswavleTa mrCeveli da msajuli<br />
4. maswavlebeli, rogorc is, vinc aswavlis<br />
5. maswavlebeli, rogorc TanamoRvawe skolis ganviTarebaSi<br />
57
(ZiriTadi wyaro: KMK – ganmartebani, bremenuli ganmarteba 5.10.2000<br />
srulad: kvalifikaciis profilebi gracidan, avstriidan da<br />
niderlandebidan `Beroessrofiee~ da sxva).<br />
aqve statiaSi `saganmanaTleblo politika~ motanilia maswavleblis<br />
`axali profesionalizmis~ moTxovnebi:<br />
� gamocdileba<br />
� pedagogiuri `nou-hau” (know-how)<br />
� specialuri teqnikis codna<br />
� organizaciuli kompetencia da TanamSromloba<br />
� moqniloba<br />
� mobiluroba<br />
� Riaoba<br />
amave statiaSi `swavlebis unar-Cveva da kompetencia ganaxlebuli<br />
kurikulumis danergvaSi~ profesiuli maxasiaTeblebi Semdegi saxiT aris<br />
warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili<br />
1. maswavleblis zogadi profesiuli kompetencia<br />
a. Rrma da naTeli codna da ga<strong>ge</strong>ba<br />
b. pirovnuli Rirsebebi<br />
g. profesiuli unar-Cvevebi<br />
2. maswavleblis kompetencia sagnis (mecnierul) specifikasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT;<br />
quinslandis saxelmwifos, ganaTlebisa da xelovnebis departamentis<br />
veb-gverdze [54] gamoqveynebuli produqtiuli pedagogis maxasiaTeblebi<br />
Semdegnairia:<br />
inteleqtualuri xarisxi<br />
� fiqris umaRlesi done<br />
� Rrma codna<br />
� Rrmad ga<strong>ge</strong>ba<br />
� realuri saubrebi<br />
� codna, rogorc problema<br />
58
logikuroba, urTierTkavSiri<br />
� codnis integracia<br />
� sawyisi codnebi<br />
� samyarosTan kavSiri<br />
� problemaze damyarebuli kurikulumi<br />
klasis mxardamWeri garemo<br />
� studentebis damoZRvra (miTiTebebis micema)<br />
� socialuri mxardaWera<br />
� akademiuri saqmianoba<br />
� Semajamebeli kriteriumebis xarisxiani Sesruleba<br />
� TviTregulacia<br />
gansxvavebebis aRiareba<br />
� kulturuli codnebi<br />
� CarTuloba<br />
� jgufis identuroba<br />
� aqtiuri moqalaqeoba<br />
amasTan ganasxvaveben `maRali~, `saSualo~ da `dabali~ donis<br />
produqtiul pedago<strong>ge</strong>bs. maRali reitingis maswavleblebi SedarebiT<br />
dabali donis maswavleblebisagan gansxvavdebian:<br />
� pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis grZnobiT<br />
� efeqturad gamoxataven da xels uwyoben studentebis swavlebis<br />
Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis amaRlebas<br />
� gaazrebuli aqvT maswavleblobis roli<br />
� ga<strong>ge</strong>buli aqvT kurikulumi<br />
moyvanilia dabal da maRal doned dasaxelebuli jgufebis maxasiaTeblebi:<br />
59
maRali donis maswavleblebi<br />
� acnobiereben, rom maT ar SeuZliaT<br />
gamoiwvion studentebis swavlis<br />
motivacia<br />
� sakuTar Tavs studentebis swavlis<br />
xelSemwyobebad ganixilaven<br />
� yvela studentebSi xedaven Zalebs<br />
warmatebis miRwevisaTvis<br />
� sakuTar Tavze saubroben rogorc<br />
swavlebis procesis warmmarTve-<br />
lebze<br />
� aucileblad miaCniaT, studentebs<br />
Seuqmnan garemo, eqsperimentis<br />
CatarebisTvis<br />
� met yuradRebas uTmoben unarebis<br />
da ideis ganviTarebas vidre<br />
Sinaarsis gadacemas<br />
� SemoqmedebiTad ud<strong>ge</strong>bian kuriku-<br />
lums<br />
� dabali donis jgufTan, SedarebiT<br />
xSirad awarmoeben monitorings<br />
� cdiloben arasaprogramo masalis<br />
didi raodenobiT gamoyenebas<br />
� kole<strong>ge</strong>bTan awarmoeben<br />
swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
profesiul diskusiebs<br />
� mzad arian isaubron sakuTar<br />
Secdomebze da swavlebasTan<br />
dakavSirebul cvlilebebze<br />
60<br />
dabali donis maswavleblebi<br />
� Tvlian, rom studentebi<br />
swavlebaze Tavad arian<br />
pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>belni<br />
� Tvlian, rom maswavleblis<br />
kontrols miRma arsebuli<br />
faqtorebi mniSvnelovanwilad<br />
gansazRvraven studentTa<br />
miRwevebs<br />
� iZlevian instruqciebs, romlebic<br />
orientirebulia klasis saSualo<br />
doneze<br />
� Tvlian, rom zogierTi studenti<br />
iswavlis, zogierTi ara - es maTi<br />
gadasawyvetia<br />
� sakuTar Tavs aRiqvamen<br />
informaciis mimwodeblebad<br />
� uCivian kurikulumis gasavlelad<br />
gamoyofil arasakmaris dros<br />
� unarebsa da koncepciebze metad<br />
yuradRebas Sinaarsze amaxvileben<br />
� ar moswonT saubari Sefasebis<br />
SezRudvebze<br />
� kole<strong>ge</strong>bTan SedarebiT<br />
xasiaTdebian bundovani<br />
pedagogiuri saqmianobiT<br />
� maRali donis kole<strong>ge</strong>bTan SedarebiT,<br />
frTxilad ekidebian piradi<br />
saqmianobis ganxilvas aRfTovanebiT<br />
aRniSnaven ufrosobis mxridan<br />
samuSaos Semowmebis process
nacionalur doneze aRiarebul sertificirebul maswavlebelTa<br />
(NBCT) da lider maswavlebelTa qselis (TLN) mier Catarebuli kvleva [83],<br />
romlis mizania gamoavlinos `kargi maswavleblis~ maxasiaTeblebi<br />
(Caracteristics of “quality teacher”) daskvnis saxiT ganasxvavebs kargi maswavleblis<br />
maxasiaTeblis xuT ZiriTad mimarTulebas:<br />
1. maswavleblis movaleoba studentebi da maTi swavlebaa<br />
karg maswavlebels:<br />
� aqvs swavlebis survili<br />
� gulwrfelad uyvars yvela studenti<br />
� sjera studentebis da maTi potencialis<br />
� sjera, rom yovel students SeuZlia swavla<br />
� icnobs da pativs scems yovel students rogorc pirovnebas<br />
� iTvaliswinebs yvela moswavlis individualur moTxovnas,<br />
damyarebuls mravalmxriv Sefasebaze (formalurze da<br />
araformalurzec)<br />
� TiToeuli studentze amyarebs realurad maRal molodinebs<br />
� pativs scems/aRniSnavs studentebis kulturul<br />
mravalferovnebas<br />
� swrafad da Sesabamisad axdens mecadineobebis adaptirebas<br />
individualuri studentis moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad<br />
� ad<strong>ge</strong>ns da nergavs studentis ganviTarebis Sesabamis<br />
mecadineobebs, romelic damyarebulia ganviTarebis da<br />
inteleqtis gavrcelebul Teoriebze<br />
2. maswavlebelma icis sagani, romelsac aswavlis da icis swavlebis<br />
meTodika<br />
kargi maswavlebeli:<br />
� aris profesionali da Rrmad flobs im sagans, romelsac<br />
aswavlis<br />
61
� flobs swavlebis xelovnebas iseve kargad, rogorc mis Sinaarss<br />
� amyarebs disciplinaTa Soris kavSirs<br />
� exmareba studentebs Seicnon sagnis Sinaarsi realobasTan<br />
kavSiris saSualebiT<br />
� amJRavnebs enTuziazms sagnis SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT<br />
� aswavlis srulyofilad, sazRvrebs gareSe<br />
� xelaxla afasebs da ukeTebs koreqtirebas <strong>ge</strong>gmebs saaTebis,<br />
dReebis, wlebis mixedviT studentebis Zlieri da susti<br />
mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
� SeuZlia ganmartos/gaamarTlos yvela saswavlo gadawyvetileba<br />
studentebis codnaze, codnis Sinaarsze da mokle an<br />
grZelvadian miznebze dayrdnobiT<br />
� aqvs strategiebis da gadawyvetilebebis farTo repertuari im<br />
studentebisaTvis, romlebsac aswavlis<br />
� atarebs studentze orientirebul mecadineobebs, SemoqmedebiTad<br />
ud<strong>ge</strong>ba Sinaarss. atarebs emociur, novatorul, dakvirvebaze da<br />
saukeTeso praqtikul gamocdilebaze damyarebul mecadineobebs,<br />
romelic xels uwyobs studentis ganviTarebas da iTvaliswinebs<br />
mis moTxovnebs.<br />
3. maswavlebeli pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>belia swavlebis organizebasa da<br />
monitoringze<br />
kargi maswavlebeli:<br />
� axalisebs studentis kritikul azrovnebas, cxovrebis manZilze<br />
ganaTlebas (LLL), SemoqmedebiTobas da risks, raTa Seqmnas<br />
pozitiuri, mxardamWeri, aRmzrdelobiTi da mastimulirebeli<br />
garemo<br />
� aRiqvams yvela miTiTebas rogorc Sefasebas<br />
62
� iyenebs Sefasebis sxvadasxva meTods (studentebis mier<br />
Sesrulebul samuSos, epizodur Canawerebs, portfolioebs,<br />
testebs da a.S.)<br />
� yvela miTiTebas amyarebs Sefasebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bze (formalurze da<br />
araformalurze)<br />
� studentebTan cxadad ganmartavs Sefasebis ganawilebis punqtebs<br />
� awarmoebs studentebis Sesaferis, droul da konstruqtiul<br />
ukukavSirebs (feedback)<br />
� ikvlevs students srulad (akademiurad, socialurad,<br />
emociurad da fizikurad)<br />
� momTxovnia studentebis mimarT da axalisebs maT<br />
pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobas swavlasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
� awarmoebs klasis efeqtur menejments<br />
� efeqturad iyenebs drosa da resursebs<br />
4. maswavlebeli sistematiurad aanalizebs sakuTar praqtikas da<br />
swavlobs gamocdilebebze dayrdnobiT<br />
kargi maswavlebeli:<br />
� sakuTar praqtikaSi Sesabamisobis gaTvaliswinebiT Seaqvs<br />
cvlilebebi<br />
� sixaruliT xvdeba konstruqtiul kritikas da aqtiurad aRiqvams<br />
`warumateblobebs~<br />
� cdilobs gaiRrmavos sakuTari praqtika uwyveti ganaTlebis<br />
(LLL) miRebis gziT<br />
5. maswavlebeli profesiuli sazogadoebis wevria<br />
kargi maswavlebeli:<br />
63
� skolaSi studentis damcvelia, sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevria,<br />
kargi xelmZRvaneli da aRmzrdelia, lideri, treneri da<br />
partnioria<br />
� profesiis damcvelia<br />
� aqtiuradaa CarTuli ganaTlebis cvlilebebSi<br />
� cdilobs iswavlos studentebisgan, mSoblebisgan,<br />
Tanasworrangiani TanamSromlebisgan, kole<strong>ge</strong>bisgan da<br />
sazogadoebisagan<br />
� swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis mizniT eZebs swavlebis im<br />
gzebsa da saSualebebs, romlebic misi sagnis Sinaarss da<br />
pirovnul interesebs scildeba<br />
� anviTarebs mWidro partniorul urTierTobebs mSoblebTan<br />
� gawevrianebulia profesiul organizaciebSi<br />
� sistematiurad iRrmavebs codnas<br />
� kole<strong>ge</strong>bTan erTad zrunavs studentebze<br />
aqve moyvanilia respodentTa mier dasaxelebuli `kargi<br />
maswavleblis~ pirovnuli Tvisebebi:<br />
64
� gamomgonebeli<br />
� energiuli<br />
� enTuziazmiT<br />
aRsavse<br />
� eTikuri<br />
� zrdilobiani da<br />
pativcemuli<br />
� Tanmimdevruli<br />
� TviTdajerebuli<br />
� aqtiuri<br />
� intuitiuri<br />
� iumoris mqone<br />
� mSvenieri<br />
� mimarTulebis mimcemi<br />
� moazrovne<br />
� momTmeni<br />
� momTxovni sakuTari<br />
Tavis mimarT<br />
� mondomebuli<br />
� moqnili<br />
� mzrunveli<br />
� ndobis dammsaxurebeli<br />
� organizebuli<br />
65<br />
� pozitiuri<br />
� realurad motivirebuli<br />
� riskiani<br />
� sando<br />
� kolaboraciuli<br />
� SemoqmedebiTi<br />
� Semwynarebeli<br />
� yuradRebiani msmeneli<br />
� wamaxalisebeli<br />
� xelmisawvdomi 10<br />
TiToeuli am modelis ukan, moiazreba punqtebad gaSlili moTxovnebi,<br />
romelnic avtorisaTvis misaRebi da dasabuTebulia.<br />
Cven srulad ver gaviziareT verc erTi mosazreba. amasTan gamoTqmuli<br />
winadadebebi ver asaxaven klasikur didaqtikaSi pedagogisadmi<br />
damkvidrebul moTxovnebs. SevaxameT ra es moTxovnebi qarTul<br />
realobasTan, gadavwyviteT pedagogis profesiuli saxe sami aspeqtiT<br />
moviazroT:<br />
� sagnis codna (mecnieruli codna)<br />
� meToduri momzadeba<br />
� pirovnuli Tvisebebi<br />
10 xelmisawvdomi – accessible –SinaarsiT saauditorio drois gareT (zogierT SemTxvevaSi 24<br />
saaTis ganmavlobaSi) raime formiT, saqmesTan dakavSirebul konsultaciis gawevas<br />
gulisxmobs. konsultaciis amgvari forma, xSir SemTxvevaSi, pirovnebis movaleobis<br />
Sesrulebaze ufro miuTiTebs vidre mis gulisxmierebaze.
migvaCnia, rom umaRlesi skolis pedagogis profesiuli saqmianobis Sefaseba<br />
am kuTxiT amomwuravadaa SesaZlebeli.<br />
sagnis codna niSnavs im sagnis, mecnierebis safuZvlian, Segnebul<br />
codnas, romelsac igi aswavlis. garda amisa, im dargis mecnierebaTa<br />
sistemaSi garkvevas, romelsac es sagani ekuTvnis da specialobis momijnave<br />
sagnebSi momzadebas. umaRlesi skolis miznidan gamomdinare maswavlebeli<br />
mecnier-mkvlevaric unda iyos, anu unda flobdes mecnieruli kvlevis unar-<br />
Cvevebs da Tanamedrove miRwevebiT sistematiurad iRrmavebdes codnas.<br />
meTodur momzadebaSi pedagogiur mecnierebaTa is disciplinebi<br />
SeiZleba gavaerTianoT, romelsac pedagogi sakuTari sagnis garda unda<br />
flobdes, raTa gadawyvitos swavlebis procesSi warmoqmnili siZneleebi<br />
da pedagogiuri moRvaweoba Segnebulad da xarisxianad warmarTos.<br />
swavlebaSi warmatebis misaRwevad sagnis Rrmad codna da swavlebis<br />
meTodebis da principebis floba sakmarisi araa, aq warmmarTveli faqtori<br />
maswavleblis pirovneba, misi pirovnuli Tvisebebia.<br />
Cvens mier moazrebuli maswavleblis profesiuli maxasiaTeblis<br />
Teoriuli modeli vikvlieT empiriulad ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis<br />
Tbilisi saxelmwifo universitetis pedago<strong>ge</strong>bsa da studentebs Soris.<br />
individualurad da jgufurad gamokiTxul iqna TiTqmis yvela specialobis<br />
350 studenti. studentebs mivmarTeT kiTxviT: `rogori unda iyos umaRlesi<br />
skolis maswavlebeli?~, werilobiT mopovebuli informacia SevajereT<br />
moazrebul Teoriul modelTan. (masalidan, SerCeul iqna mxolod is<br />
mosazrebebi, romlebsac respodentTa aranakleb 80% iziarebda).<br />
amrigad, gaviTvaliswineT ra universitetis specifika, studentTa<br />
survilebi da moTxovnebi, mecnierul safuZvelsa da sxva qveynebis<br />
gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, aRniSnulma aspeqtebma Sinaarsobrivad gaSlis<br />
Sedegad Semdegi saxe miiRo:<br />
66
umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli maxasiaTeblebi<br />
I. codna saganSi<br />
� zogadmecnieruli msoflmxedveloba<br />
� mecnieruli codna<br />
� profesiuli mobiloba (sabazo codnis TanadroulobasTan<br />
modificireba)<br />
� mecnieruli kvlevis unar-Cveva<br />
� kvalifikaciis amaRleba da Semdgomi ganaTleba<br />
II. meToduri momzadeba<br />
� pedagogiuri ciklis disciplinebis codna<br />
� sagnis swavlebis meTodikis codna<br />
� swavlebis procesis da<strong>ge</strong>gmva da organizacia<br />
� swavlebis procesSi dadebiTi emociuri atmosferos Seqmna<br />
� studentis interesebis gaTvaliswineba – studentze<br />
orientirebuli swavleba<br />
� studentisadmi individualuri midgoma<br />
� studentis motivireba<br />
� studentTan TanamSromloba<br />
� masalis gadmocema<br />
� metyvelebis kultura<br />
� studentis aqtivizaciis xerxebis floba:<br />
a. diskusia<br />
b. debatebi<br />
g. saproeqto muSaoba<br />
d. gunduri muSaoba<br />
e. roluri TamaSebi<br />
v. muSaoba wyvilebSi da a.S.<br />
� Sefasebis sistemis moqniloba, Riaoba da obieqturoba<br />
� teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyeneba<br />
67
� studentebSi codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unaris Camoyalibeba<br />
� pedagogiuri taqti<br />
� pedagogiuri kvleviTi unarebi (studentis codnisa da<br />
pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebis aRricxva)<br />
� studentis pirovnebis aRzrda<br />
� studentis msoflmxedvelobis orientacia zogadsakacobro<br />
faseulobebze<br />
� studentebSi TviTSefasebis unaris Camoyalibeba<br />
� studentebSi wignze damoukidebeli muSaobis da kvlevis unaris<br />
Camoyalibeba<br />
� kritikul situaciaSi daxmareba da studentebisaTvis rCevis<br />
micema<br />
� sauniversiteto saqmianobaSi monawileoba<br />
� swavlisaTvis xelSemwyobi atmosferos Seqmna<br />
� monawileoba saswavlo-samecniero procesebSi<br />
� monawileoba sazogadoebriv procesebSi<br />
� zrunva universitetSi saswavlo-samecniero procesebis<br />
gaumjobesebaze<br />
III. pirovnuli Tvisebebi<br />
� zneobriv-eTikuri saxe<br />
� sakuTari kulturisa da tradiciebis, faseulobebis pativiscema<br />
� gansxvavebul kulturaTa pativiscema<br />
� pirovnuli Rirsebis TviTSegrZneba<br />
� studentis pirovnebis pativiscema<br />
� sakuTari profesiis siyvaruli da dacva<br />
� studentis siyvaruli<br />
� momTxovneloba, rogorc sakuTari Tavis, aseve studentebis<br />
mimarT<br />
� TviTdakvirveba da TviTSefaseba<br />
68
� sakuTar Tavze muSaoba<br />
� pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis grZnoba<br />
� disciplinirebuloba<br />
� organizebuloba<br />
� ndobis maRali faqtori, rogorc kole<strong>ge</strong>bis aseve studentebis<br />
mxridan<br />
� enTuziazmi<br />
� intuitiuroba<br />
� momTmenoba da Semwynarebloba<br />
� kolegialuroba<br />
� komunikabeluroba<br />
� sakuTari subieqturobis, stereotipuli azrovnebis,<br />
SezRudvebis aRiareba<br />
� axali ideebis da gamocdilebis miReba da gaziareba rogorc<br />
kole<strong>ge</strong>bis, aseve studentebisa da sazogadoebisagan<br />
� SemoqmedebiToba<br />
� zogadi erudicia<br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis pirovnuli Tvisebebi Zalzed<br />
mniSvnelovani, warmmarTveli faqtoria swavlebis procesSi, Cvens mier<br />
moyvanili CamonaTvali idealur, xSirad realobisgan daSorebul variants<br />
Seesabameba, Tumca ki saswavlo procesis xarisxianad warmarTvisaTvis Cven<br />
igi aucilebel faqtorad migvaCnia.<br />
amrigad, Cven Teoriuli da empiriuli kvlevis Sedegad SevqmeniT<br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiogramis Cveneuli xedva.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom maswavlebelTa profesiograma, miuxedavad<br />
kacobriobis mier SemuSavebuli maradiuli moTxovnebisa maswavleblisadmi,<br />
Ria da cvladi sistemaa. igi mudmivad viTardeba da icvleba sazogadoebis<br />
dakveTis Sesabamisad.<br />
69
Tavi II. umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis Sefaseba studentis mier<br />
$1. maswavleblis sauniversiteto saqmianobis Sefasebis<br />
saakreditacio moTxovnebi<br />
saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi mimdinare integraciisa da globalizaciis<br />
procesebi umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferos mniSvnelovan gardaqmnebs moiTxovs.<br />
Zireuli cvlilebebi boloniis procesSi monawile yvela qveynis, maT Soris<br />
saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sistemasac exeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom<br />
saqarTvelo boloniis process 2005 wlis maisSi SeuerTda.<br />
boloniis procesis ZiriTad mimarTulebaTa Soris, erT-erTi<br />
umaRlesi skolis akreditaciis sakiTxia.<br />
saqarTvelos kanonSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb akreditacia<br />
ganmartebulia rogorc: `umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis an/da<br />
saganmanaTleblo programis statusis (saxelmwifos mier aRiarebuli<br />
sertifikatis gacemis uflebis) dad<strong>ge</strong>nis procedura. am proceduras<br />
axorcielebs saxelmwifo saakreditacio samsaxuri saxelmwifos mier<br />
gansazRvrul moTxovnebTan umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis<br />
(instituciuri akreditacia) an/da saganmanaTleblo programis (programuli<br />
akreditacia) Sesabamisobis dad<strong>ge</strong>niT~.<br />
amJamad saqarTveloSi ukve Catarebulia instituciuri akreditacia.<br />
2010 wlisaTvis umaRlesi ganaTlebis evropuli sivrcis (EHEA)<br />
CamoyalibebasTan dakavSirebiT, dasrulebuli unda iyos programuli<br />
akreditaciac.<br />
akreditaciisaken mimavali gza evalvaciaa 11 . evalvaciis mravalnairi<br />
ganmarteba arsebobs. `Tu vityviT, rom arsebobs evalvaciis imdennairi<br />
ganmarteba ramdenic Semfasebelia ar viqnebiT Sors simarTlisagan~.<br />
ganmartebaTa mravalferovani speqtridan SeiZleba moviyvanoT<br />
evalvaciis aseTi gansazRvreba:<br />
11 Evaluation - Sefaseba, Rirebulebis gansazRvra.<br />
70
evalvacia (Evaluation (Bewertung)): produqtis, procesis an programis<br />
Rirebulebis Sefasebis procesi, romelic ar moiTxovs sistematiur<br />
qmedebebs an monacemebze dafuZnebul mtkicebulebebs [52].<br />
ganaTlebis sferoSi evalvaciis standartebi evropaSi srulad jer<br />
kidev araa dad<strong>ge</strong>nili. <strong>ge</strong>rmanis saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, aSS-Si<br />
erToblivi komisiis mier SemuSavebuli evalvaciis standartebis<br />
adaptirebuli krebuli [43] gamoiyeneba. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi bolo periodSi administraciuli mowyobis mixedviT<br />
SemuSavebulia evalvaciis calkeuli CarCo-pirobebi. standartebi Zalian<br />
zogad miTiTebebs da moqmedebis farTo areals iZleva. saswavlo<br />
dawesebulebebi didi TavisuflebiT sar<strong>ge</strong>bloben da xelewifebaT sakuTari<br />
Sexedulebisamebr Seadginon evalvaciis modeli. magaliTisaTvis SegviZlia<br />
moviyvanoT zaarlandis universitetSi TiToeuli dargorivi mimarTulebis<br />
evalvaciis sqema, romelic saswavlo procesis yvela rgolis Sefasebas<br />
gulisxmobs:<br />
71
dargobrivi<br />
mimarTulebis<br />
kursdamTavrebulebis<br />
gamokiTxva<br />
jgufuri da<br />
individualuri<br />
gasaubreba<br />
sakuTriv Sida<br />
rgolis<br />
TviTSefaseba<br />
Sida evalvaciis<br />
angariSi<br />
gare evaluacia<br />
miznis aRwera<br />
ganaTlebis sferos evalvaciis erT-erTi rgoli umaRlesi skolis<br />
maswavleblis saqmianobis Sefasebas moicavs. Cvens mier mopovebulma<br />
masalebma dagvarwmuna, rom Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi<br />
maswavlebelTa Sefasebis, anu evalvaciis uamravi modeli arsebobs.<br />
modelebi, ZiriTadad sakuTriv umaRlesi saswavleblis moTxovnebis<br />
safuZvelzea SemuSavebuli, Tumca, evropul sivrceSi arsebuli evalvaciis<br />
modelebi boloniis procesis zogadi moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiTaa<br />
Sed<strong>ge</strong>nili. sicxadisaTvis movitanT ramdenime models.<br />
72<br />
miznebis, meTodebis da<br />
pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobebis<br />
(movaleobebis) garkveva<br />
instrumentis koncepcia da<br />
empiriuli kvleva<br />
procesebis aRwera da<br />
warmod<strong>ge</strong>na<br />
calkeuli Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis<br />
dakavSireba & erToblivi<br />
saqmianobis suraTis<br />
warmod<strong>ge</strong>na<br />
ZiriTadi SekiTxvebi<br />
SemfaseblisaTvis<br />
rekomendaciebi
flindersis universitetis (avstralia) mier Seqmnil veb-gverdze [72]<br />
`swavleba&swavla“ motanilia mosazreba, rom evalvaciis procesSi<br />
SeiZleba Sediodnen: Tavad pirovneba (pedagogi), studentebi,<br />
Tanasworrangiani kole<strong>ge</strong>bi, supervizorebi da eqspertebi, radgan isini<br />
swavleba/swavlis procesis sxvadasxva mxares warmarTaven.<br />
sainformacio-saganmanaTleblo centris (ERIC) monacemebze<br />
dayrdnobiT avtori baret joani, Tavis statiaSi `maswavlebelTa<br />
evalvacia~ [92] maswavlebelTa Sefasebas Semdegi komponentebiT moiazrebs:<br />
maswavlebelTa individualuri interviuireba, pedagogiuri kompetenturobis<br />
damd<strong>ge</strong>ni testireba, klasze dakvirveba, studentebis reitingi, kole<strong>ge</strong>bis<br />
Sefaseba, studentebis miRwevebi, fakultetis TviTevalvacia. aqve<br />
moyvanilia `kargi maswavleblis~ pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebis CamonaTvali,<br />
rogorc iribi indikatori, romlis gamoyenebac maswavlebelTa evalvaciisas<br />
yovelTvis araa SesaZlebeli.<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, pedagogTa saqmianobis Sefasebis Sesaxeb<br />
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi sxvadasxva mosazreba arsebobs. Sefaseba warmoebs<br />
administraciis, kole<strong>ge</strong>bis, studentebis mier. Sefasebis procesSi<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas saboloo Sedegi, meToduri uzrunvelyofa,<br />
mecadineobis xarisxi da sxv. yuradReba eqceva TviTSefasebasac.<br />
Cven SevecadeT Segveqna maswavleblis Sefasebis iseTi modeli,<br />
romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba saqarTveloSi moqmedi umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis sistemis, kerZod Tsu-is Taviseburebani. Cveneuli modelis<br />
mixedviT maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis Sefaseba kompleqsurad<br />
xdeba. Sefasebis saboloo mizani raodenobriv maxasiaTebelze gasvlaa,<br />
romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli iqneba umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis<br />
`av-kargianobis~ dad<strong>ge</strong>na. naSromis saboloo miznis miRweva am etapisaTvis<br />
ar i<strong>ge</strong>gmeboda, es Cveni momavali saqmianobis Sedegi iqneba. amjerad Cveni<br />
mizani Sefasebis erT-erTi rgolis, kerZod studentis mier maswavleblis<br />
Sefasebis kiTxvaris SeqmniT Semoifargleboda.<br />
Cveni universitetis saganmanaTleblo politikidan gamomdinare,<br />
romelic Tavis mxriv qveynis politikis nawilia da aucileblobiT<br />
73
iTvaliswinebs nacionaluri standartis Taviseburebebs, maswavleblis<br />
profesiuli saqmianoba SeiZleba davyoT pedagogiur da samecniero<br />
sferoebad. cxadia, imTaviTve igulisxmeba, rom pedagogiuri saqmianobis<br />
gamijvna samecniero saqmianobisagan SeuZlebelia, anu es sferoebi cal-<br />
calke ar ganixileba.<br />
Sesrulebuli samuSaos mixedviT, maswavleblis saqmianobis sferoebi,<br />
pirobiTad, SeiZleba ase warmovadginoT:<br />
pedagogis saqmianobis Sefasebis Cveneul modelSi, maswavlebeli<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns TviTangariSs Sesrulebuli samuSaos Sesaxeb. Semdeg Sefaseba<br />
xorcieldeba administraciis (universiteti, fakulteti, fakultetze<br />
daqvemdebarebuli erTeuli - mimarTuleba, departamenti Tu instituti),<br />
kole<strong>ge</strong>bis, studentebis mier. SemdgomSi kole<strong>ge</strong>bis mier Sefasebas<br />
moviazrebT administraciis mier SefasebaSi, radgan kolega, Tu yvela ara,<br />
erT-erTi rgolis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>neli mainc aris.<br />
Cveni azriT, administraciam maswavlebeli Semdegi punqtebis mixedviT<br />
SeiZleba Seafasos:<br />
1. profesiuli saqmianobis Sedegi (studentTa codnis done,<br />
studentTa zogadsaswavlo unarebi);<br />
2. saqmisadmi SemoqmedebiTi damokidebuleba, sakuTari saqmianobis<br />
analizis unari, kvleviTi unari (Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli<br />
74
muSaoba), profesiuli zrdis mimarTulebiT warmarTuli<br />
saqmianoba (samecniero Sromebi, sarekomendacio da meToduri<br />
xasiaTis publikaciebi da sxva);<br />
3. TanamSromlobis kultura (studentebTan, kole<strong>ge</strong>bTan<br />
TanamSromlobis unari, profesiuli eTika, pedagogiuri<br />
xelmZRvanelobis stili);<br />
4. SromiTi saSemsruleblo disciplinis done;<br />
amgvar Sefasebas emateba studentTa gamokiTxvis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi da<br />
kole<strong>ge</strong>bis mier gamoxatuli azri.<br />
maswavleblis TviTangariSi SesaZloa Sesrulebuli samuSaos<br />
mixedviT Semdeg sferoebSi gakeTdes:<br />
1. pedagogiuri (saswavlo, aRmzrdelobiTi) saqmianoba<br />
2. samecniero saqmianoba<br />
3. sxva aqtivobebi<br />
Tuki universitetis administracias warmovid<strong>ge</strong>nT Semdegi saxiT,<br />
administracia<br />
maSin umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis Sesruleba<br />
SesaZloa Semdegi sqemis mixedviT daevalos:<br />
75<br />
universitetis<br />
administracia<br />
fakultetis<br />
administracia<br />
fakultetis<br />
qveerTeuli
fakultetis<br />
administracia<br />
fakultetis qveerTeuli<br />
maswavlebeli<br />
TiToeul rgols SesaZloa gaaCndes rogorc mxolod misTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebeli, aseve erTmaneTze damokidebuli saqmianoba.<br />
maswavleblisagan, TiToeuli sauniversiteto erTeuli (universitetis<br />
administracia, fakultetis administracia, departamenti, mimarTuleba Tu<br />
instituti) garkveuli saqmianobis (rogorc samecniero, aseve pedagogiuri)<br />
Sesrulebas moiTxovs. miRebuli Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis mixedviT SesaZloa Sefasdes<br />
pedagogis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos xarisxi. moTxovnaTa TiToeul<br />
punqtis detaluri gawera, romelsac SesaZloa Tavisi raodenobrivi<br />
datvirTva, anu qulebis sxvadasxva raodenoba hqondes, mxolod Cveni<br />
Sexedulebisamebr arasakmarisad miviCnieT.<br />
amrigad, mTeli sistemis struqturuli saxe ase gamoiyureba:<br />
76<br />
universitetis<br />
administracia
universitetis<br />
administraciis<br />
moTxovnebi<br />
wminda<br />
pedagogiuri<br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis<br />
profesiuli saqmianoba<br />
pedagogiuri<br />
saqmianoba<br />
administraciis<br />
moTxovnebi<br />
fakultetis<br />
moTxovnebi<br />
fakultetis<br />
qveerTeuli<br />
fakulteti<br />
universitetis<br />
administracia<br />
Sefasebis<br />
Tvladi<br />
Sedegi<br />
77<br />
sxva<br />
aqtivobebi<br />
samecniero<br />
saqmianoba<br />
saqmianobis Sefaseba<br />
maswavleblis<br />
TviTangariSi<br />
fakultetis<br />
qveerTeulis<br />
moTxovnebi<br />
gareSe<br />
Sefaseba<br />
1. gareSe<br />
saswavlo an<br />
samecniero<br />
dawesebulebe<br />
bi;<br />
2. sxva<br />
adgilobrivi<br />
dawesebelebe<br />
bi;<br />
3. ucxouri<br />
dawesebelebe<br />
bi;<br />
wminda<br />
samecniero<br />
studentis<br />
moTxovnebi<br />
pedagogiuri<br />
sfero<br />
samecniero<br />
sfero<br />
sxva<br />
saqmianoba
sqemis mixedviT warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili TviTangariSis, kole<strong>ge</strong>bisa da<br />
studentebis mier maswavleblis Sefasebisa da fakultetis<br />
qveerTeulis xelmZRvanelobis Sefasebis mixedviT, pirvel doneze<br />
d<strong>ge</strong>ba pedagogis saqmianobis Sefasebis reitingi. SemdgomSi igi<br />
waredgineba fakultets. fakulteti Tavis mxriv, daumatebs ra<br />
sakuTar Sefasebas da studentTa gamokiTxvis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs, reitingul<br />
maCvenebels gadascems universitetis administracias. Sefasebis<br />
TiToeul rgols emateba `gareSe Sefaseba~, romelic survilisamebr<br />
aisaxeba angariSebSi.<br />
Cven warmovadgineT umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli<br />
saqmianobis Sefasebis Cveneuli TvalTaxedva. cxadia warmod<strong>ge</strong>nil<br />
modelSi uamravi xarvezi da uzustoba iqneba. vfiqrobT,<br />
xelmZRvanelobis poziciidan, mocemuli sakiTxis Cveneuli xedva<br />
saintereso iqneba Sefasebis Semdgomi sistemis Camoyalibebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT.<br />
Cvens mier warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili maswavleblis saqmianobis Sefasebis<br />
modeli Teoriulad da empiriulad gadavamowmeT zaarlandis<br />
universitetis administraciasa da evalvaciis centrSi. kerZod, Cveni<br />
Teoriuli sqema SevadareT evropis sxvadasxva universitetis momqmed<br />
modelebs, Teoriuli Sedarebis Semdeg vawarmoeT modelis<br />
konkretuli ganxilva zaarlandis universitetis evalvaciis dargis<br />
administraciul muSakebTan. maTi miTiTebebi exeboda nacionauri<br />
Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebas, Tumca aRniSneboda, rom Sefasebis<br />
Cveneuli nimuSis moTxovnebi srul SesabamisobaSia evalvaciis<br />
saerTaSoriso CarCosTan.<br />
78
$2. saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi studentis mier maswavleblis<br />
Sefasebis arsebuli kiTxvarebi<br />
maswavleblis profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebis sistemaSi, romelic,<br />
rogorc ukve vnaxeT kompleqsurad moiazreba, Cveni SexedulebiT, yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani adgili studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebas uWiravs,<br />
radgan maswavleblis ZiriTadi movaleoba, swored rom studentTan muSaoba<br />
da misi aRzrdaa. amasTan, studenti maswavleblis SefasebaSi yvelaze metad<br />
obieqturi da miukerZoebelia. studentis mier maswavleblis Sefaseba<br />
moviazreT kiTxvaris saSualebiT, romelic maswavleblis profesuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebis (Teoriuli da empiriuli kvleviT miRebuli) safuZvelze<br />
SevadgineT.<br />
imisaTvis, rom gagveTvaliswinebina Tanamedrove socialuri dakveTebi<br />
maswavleblis profesiuli maxasiaTeblebisa da is uaryofiTi<br />
maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic samwuxarod universitetis Tanamedrove kadrs<br />
gaaCnia, gadavwyviteT kvleviTi samuSaos Catareba.<br />
aRniSnuli samuSao daviwyeT msoflioSi am mimarTulebiT arsebuli<br />
da aprobirebuli studentTa mier maswavleblis Sefasebis kiTxvarebis<br />
moZiebiT. moviZieT beWdur da eleqtronul wyaroebSi gamoqveynebuli,<br />
studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis uamravi kiTxvari. gTavazobT Tsu-<br />
Si gavrcelebuli kiTxvarebis damdenime magaliTs:<br />
aSS-s modelis Targmani (Tsu-Si arsebuli varianti)<br />
# kiTxvebi<br />
1. maswavlebeli mihyveba kursis <strong>ge</strong>gmas, rogorc es damtkicebulia<br />
programiT (ganrigiT)<br />
2. maswavlebeli iZleva am kursis miznebis Sesaferis davalebebs<br />
3. maswavlebeli mkafiod xsnis Sefasebis sistemas<br />
4. maswavlebeli studentisaTvis misawvdomia klasgareSec<br />
79
5. maswavlebeli kargadaa momzadebuli<br />
6. maswavlebeli laparakobs advilad gasa<strong>ge</strong>bi eniT<br />
7. maswavlebeli ganixilavs Tavisagan gansxvavebul mozazrebebs<br />
8. maswavlebeli mimoixilavs ukanasknel siaxleebs sagnis garSemo<br />
9. maswavlebeli warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns ideebisa da koncefciebis sawyisebs<br />
10. maswavlebeli xsnis gasa<strong>ge</strong>bad<br />
11. leqciebi kargadaa da<strong>ge</strong>gmili da sakiTxis ganxilva maRal donezea<br />
organizebuli<br />
12. maswavlebeli yuradRebiT da zustad pasuxobs SekiTxvebs<br />
13. maswavlebeli ajamebs umTavres momentebs<br />
14. maswavlebeli saxavs miznebs yoveli saklaso mecadineobisTvis<br />
15. maswavlebeli axalisebs saklaso ganxilvebs<br />
16. maswavlebeli gviwvevs sakuTari ideebis gasakritikeblad<br />
17. maswavlebelma icis, esmiss Tu ara klass misi<br />
18. maswavlebeli yuradRebas aqcevs sakuTar saqmianobis xarisxs<br />
19 maswavlebeli gulwrfelad aris dainteresebuli studentebiT<br />
20. maswavlebeli epyroba studentebs rogorc pirovnebebs<br />
21. maswavlebeli aris dinamiuri da energiuli pirovneba<br />
22. maswavlebels aqvs leqciis kiTxvis saintereso stili<br />
23. moswons maswavlebloba<br />
24. maswavlebeli enTuziasmiT epyroba Tavis sagans<br />
25. maswavlebeli rogorc Cans, TviTdajerebulia<br />
26. maswavlebeli cvlis Tavisi sagnis gadmocemis siCqaresa da tons<br />
27. maiZulebs me vimuSao saukeTesod<br />
28. motivacias mikeTebs vimuSao saukeTesod<br />
29. maswavlebeli gamocdebze moiTxovs SemoqmedebiT, originalur<br />
mofiqrebas<br />
30. gamocdebis da davalebebis mocemuli xasiaTi advilad sapasuxoa<br />
31. maswavlebeli iZleva davalebebs da sagamocdo sakiTxebs, romlebic<br />
savsebiT misaRebis moculobiT da sirTuliT<br />
80
32. maswavlebeli Sefasebas svams patiosnad da samarTlianad<br />
33. ganvixilavT ra kursisa da sagnis SesaZleblobebs da SezRudvebs,<br />
rogor saerTo Sefasebas miscemT maswavlebels<br />
34. yuradRebas vamaxvileb kursis Sinaarsze, ramdenad literaturulia<br />
mocemuli kursi sxva kursebTan SedarebiT, romelic Cven gaviareT<br />
universitetSi<br />
aSS-s modelis Targmani (Tsu-Si arsebuli varianti)<br />
#<br />
1. leqtori masalas gadmoscems naTlad da gasa<strong>ge</strong>bad 1 2 3 4 5<br />
2. leqtori efeqturad iyenebs saswavlo-damxmare da<br />
teqnikur saSualebebs<br />
81<br />
srliad ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
neitraluri<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
3. leqtori emzadeba mecadineobisaTvis 1 2 3 4 5<br />
4. leqtori gonivrulad xelmisawvdomia klasis<br />
gareT<br />
5. studentebi Tavisuflad grZnoben Tavs SekiTxvis<br />
dasmisas<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
6. leqtori studentebs ganixilavs pativiscemiT 1 2 3 4 5<br />
7. leqtori axalisebs klasis monawileobas 1 2 3 4 5<br />
8. leqtori uzrunvelyofs ganvlili masalis<br />
konkretul fons<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
9. leqtori ubrundeba ganvlil masalas swrafad 1 2 3 4 5<br />
10. Sefasebis kriteriumebi iyo naTlad axsnili da<br />
gatarebuli<br />
11. sabolood rogor SeafasebT maswavlebels (Zalian<br />
cudi, cudi, damakmayofilebeli, kargi, saukeTeso)<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
1 2 3 4 5
12. kursma gadafara gamocxadebuli sakiTxebi 1 2 3 4 5<br />
13. saswavlo masala swavlisaTvis mosaxerxebelia 1 2 3 4 5<br />
14. Sefasebebi da saSinao davaleba sasar<strong>ge</strong>bloa<br />
swavlisaTvis<br />
82<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
15. sagamocdo sakiTxebi mxolod kursis sakiTxebia 1 2 3 4 5<br />
16. kursis obieqturibis done (Zalian dabali, dabali,<br />
saSualo, maRali, Zalian maRali)<br />
17. saerTod, rogor afasebT am kurss (Zalian cudi,<br />
cudi, damakmayofilebeli, kargi, saukeTeso)<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmanuli (Stutgardis universiteti) modelis Targmani (Tsu-Si arsebuli<br />
varianti)<br />
# leqtorTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi<br />
1. kursis miznebi da moTxovnebi axsnili iyo 0 1 2 3 4 5<br />
2. kursis struqtura iyo 0 1 2 3 4 5<br />
3. leqtoris momzadeba da pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>bloba 0 1 2 3 4 5<br />
4. kursSi ganxiluli faqtebi da problemebi<br />
axsnili iyo<br />
0 1 2 3 4 5<br />
5. leqtoris studentebTan TanamSromlobis 0 1 2 3 4 5<br />
6.<br />
unari (mag. kiTxvebiT) iyo<br />
leqtoris unari gamoiyenos dafa, slaidebi, 0<br />
kompiuteri iyo<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
7. mTlianobaSi rogor afasebT leqtors 0 1 2 3 4 5<br />
rogorc pedagogs<br />
aqve gTavazobT Tsu-Si Seqmnil studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis<br />
ramodenime kiTxvars:<br />
Zalian<br />
kargi<br />
kargi<br />
damakmayo<br />
filebel<br />
sakmarisi<br />
naklebad<br />
cudi
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
pedagogis xelovnebis Sefaseba studentis mier<br />
(Tsu saswavlo-meToduri sammarTvelos varianti)<br />
gTxovT, mogvawodoT pedagogis profesiuli da pirovnuli<br />
Tvisebebis Tqveneuli Sefaseba. kargad gaiazreT TiToeuli kiTxva da<br />
obieqturad miuTiTeT pasuxi. gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tqveni Tanadgoma didad waad<strong>ge</strong>ba<br />
saswavlo procesis Semdgom srulyofas da Tavad konkretuli<br />
pedagogis momaval saqmianobas.<br />
pedagogi<br />
disciplina<br />
1.<br />
kiTxvari konfidencialuria<br />
disciplinis miznebi da amocanebi. codnis<br />
Sefasebis sistema, formebi da kriteriumebi<br />
Tavidanve mkafiod iyo axsnili<br />
2. leqciebi kargad aqvs da<strong>ge</strong>gmili. Tanmimdevrulad,<br />
logikurad mihyveba damtkicebul programas, warmo-<br />
ad<strong>ge</strong>ns ideebsa da koncefciebs, iZleva rTuli mo-<br />
mentebis amomwurav ganmartebas<br />
3. mecadineobaze Temis irgvliv moxmobilia uaxlesi<br />
masala<br />
4. leqciaze efeqturad iyenebs TvalsaCinoebas (dafa,<br />
slaidebi, kompiuteri, video-masala)<br />
5. saSinao davalebebi kursis miznebis Sesabamisi,<br />
makafiod<br />
gansazRvruli da Sesrulebadia<br />
83<br />
Zalian kargi<br />
kargi<br />
sakmarisi<br />
cudi<br />
alian cudi<br />
ver vafaseb<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0
6. mecadineobaze axerxebs Seafasos jgufis mier<br />
micemuli davalebis Sesrulebis xarisxi<br />
7. sakontrolo sakiTxebi srulad Seesabameba gavlil<br />
programas,<br />
misaRebia moculobiTa da sirTuliT<br />
8. axdens kolokviumebis, sakontrolo werebis<br />
Sejamebasa da analizs<br />
9. Temis Sejamebisas yvela aqcenti zustad da<br />
studentebisaTvis zedmiwevniT gasa<strong>ge</strong>badaa<br />
gakeTebuli<br />
10. Seswavlil masalas ukavSirebs momaval<br />
profesiul da<br />
sazogadoebriv saqmianobas<br />
11. leqcia da praqtikuli muSaoba erTmaneTs<br />
exameboda<br />
12. disciplina iwvevs interess, kursis<br />
inteleqtualuri done damakmayofilebelia<br />
13. kargad momzadebuli da momxTovnia sakuTari<br />
Tavis mimarT<br />
14. flobs auditorias, iolad SeuZlia masTan<br />
urTierToba,<br />
aRvivebs interess sagnisadmi<br />
15. aqvs oratoruli niWi (diqcia, meteyvelebis<br />
kultura, Txrobis normaluri tempi)<br />
84<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0
16. gverds ar uvlis sadao sakiTxebs, ar erideba<br />
auditoriaSi diskusias, yuraRdebiTa da zustad<br />
pasuxobs SekiTxvebs, ganixilavs im<br />
mosazrebebsac, romlebic misTvis miuRebelia<br />
17. pativs scems Tavis saqmes, profesionalia,<br />
gulwrfelad aris dainteresebuli studentebis<br />
momzadebis xarisxiT<br />
18. misi damokidebuleba saqmisadmi aiZulebs<br />
students Tavadac pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobiT moekidos<br />
sagans<br />
19. wamoWrili kiTxvebis gasarkvevad SegviZlia audi-<br />
toriis gareT mivmarToT da miviRoT pasuxi,<br />
urTierToba masTan iolia,<br />
magram zRvari ar iSleba<br />
20. keTilmosurne da taqtiania studentebTan<br />
damokidebulebaSi. SeuZlia maTi problemebis<br />
gaazreba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mxardaWera<br />
21. studenti misTvis pirovnebaa, angariSs uwevs mis<br />
principebs da mosazrebebs, afiqrebs misi momavali<br />
22. dainteresebulia studentebis warmatebiT,<br />
axalisebs maT karg muSaobas<br />
23. moiTxovs SemoqmedebiT, originalur azrovnebas<br />
da afasebs mas<br />
24. momTxovnia, mkacri, magram obieqturi, Sefasebebs<br />
svams samarTlianad<br />
85<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0
25. Tavis mimarT ganawyobs studentebs maRali<br />
inteleqtiT, daxvewili qcevebiTa da garegnobiT<br />
26. ramdenad Tavisufali xarT saswavlo<br />
literaturis SerCevisas<br />
27. isurvebdiT Tu ara Tqeni Svilis auditoriaSi mis<br />
Sesvlas<br />
28. programiT gaTvaliswinebuli kursi wakiTxul iqna<br />
moculobiT:<br />
> 80% _ `5~, 61-80%-mde _ `4~, 41-60%-mde _ `3~, 21-<br />
40%-mde _`2~, < 20% _1<br />
86<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
SefasebaTa skala 5 baliania. gTxovT gadaxazoT TqvenTvis misaRebi niSani.<br />
zogadi Sefaseba da winadadebebi kursisadmi<br />
leqciaTa % romelsac eswrebodiT ---------------------
praqtikuli mecadineobebis % romelsac eswrebodiT ---------------------<br />
madlobas gixdiT TanamSromlobisaTvis. gvjera Tqveni gulwrfelobisa.<br />
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
kiTxvari saswavlo disciplinis swavlebis Sesaxeb<br />
(Tsu meTodsabWos varianti)<br />
gTxovT, studentebs guldasmiT SeavsoT kiTxvari. Tqveni Tanadgoma<br />
didad waad<strong>ge</strong>ba saswavlo procesis Semdgom srulyofasa da Tavad konkretuli<br />
pedagogis momaval saqmianobas.<br />
1.<br />
fakulteti<br />
disciplina<br />
pedagogi<br />
kiTxvari konfidencialuria<br />
disciplinis (misi nawilis) miznebi da amocanebi,<br />
codnis Sefasebis sistema (formebi da kriteriumebi)<br />
Tavidanve mkafiod iyo axsnili<br />
2. leqciebi kargadaa da<strong>ge</strong>gmili, rTuli momentebi<br />
amomwuravadaa ganmartebuli<br />
3. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi TvalsaCinoebis xerxebi<br />
efeqturad gamoiyeneba (carci, slaidebi, kompiuteri<br />
da a.S.)<br />
87<br />
Zalian kargi<br />
kargi<br />
sakmarisi<br />
cudi<br />
Zalian cudi<br />
ver vafaseb<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
4. axdens kolokviumebis Sejamebasa da analizs 5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5. Temis Sejamebisas yvela aqcenti zustad da 5 4 3 2 1 0
studentisaTvis gasa<strong>ge</strong>badaa gakeTebuli<br />
6. Seswavlili masala ukavSirdeba momaval profesiul<br />
saqmianobas<br />
7. leqtori flobs auditorias, iolad SeuZlia masTan<br />
urTierToba, aRvivebs interess sagnisadmi. flobs<br />
oratorul niWs (diqcia,<br />
metyvelebis kultura, Txrobis normaluri tempi)<br />
8. gverds ar uvlis sadao sakiTxebs, ar erideba<br />
auditoriaSi diskusias. ganixilavs im<br />
mosazrebebsac, romlebic misTvis miuRebelia<br />
9. saqmisadmi leqtoris damokidebuleba stimuls<br />
aZlevs students, Tavadac pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobiT<br />
moekidos sagans<br />
10. wamoWrili kiTxvebis gasarkvevad Tu SegviZlia<br />
pedagogs mivmarToT auditoriis gareT da miviRoT<br />
misgan pasuxi. urTierToba masTan iolia, magram<br />
zRvars ar cdeba<br />
11. keTilmosurne da taqtiania studentebTan<br />
damokidebulebaSi, SeuZlia maTi problemebis<br />
gaazreba da saWiroebis SemxTvevaSi mxardaWera<br />
12. dainteresebulia studentis warmatebiT, axalisebs<br />
maT karg muSaobas<br />
13. moiTxovs SemoqmedebiT, originalur azrovnebas da<br />
afasebs mas<br />
14. momTxovnia, mkacria, magram obieqturi, studentis<br />
codnas afasebs samarTlianad<br />
88<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0<br />
5 4 3 2 1 0
SefasebaTa skala 6 baliania. gTxovT gadaxazoT TqvenTvis misaRebi niSani.<br />
damatebiTi mosazrebebi saswavlo disciplinis<br />
swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
leqciaTa % romelsac eswrebodiT ---------------------<br />
praqtikuli mecadineobebis % romelsac eswrebodiT ---------------------<br />
madlobas gixdiT TanamSromlobisaTvis<br />
89
Zvirfaso studento,<br />
kursis Sefasebis forma<br />
(Tsu fsiqologiis fakultetis varianti)<br />
am formis mizania miviRoT obieqturi monacemebi kursis mimdinareobis<br />
Sesaxeb, rac daexmareba TviT leqtors da administracias miiRos zomebi<br />
swavlebis ufro maRali donis misaRwevad. gTxovT yuradRebiT SeiswavloT<br />
kiTxvebi da aRniSnoT erT-erTi Sefaseba jvris dasmiT.<br />
nurafers dawerT Tqveni vinaobis Sesaxeb<br />
sagnis dasaxeleba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ricxvi . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
leqtoris gvari da saxeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
# leqtoris daxasiaTeba sauke-<br />
1. profesionalizmi Tavis<br />
sferoSi<br />
2. mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis<br />
ganmarteba da gameoreba<br />
3. studentTa aqtivoba<br />
leqciis dros<br />
4. pasuxis xarisxi<br />
studentTa SekiTxvebze<br />
5. davalebebis micema<br />
masalis ganmtkicebis<br />
mizniT<br />
6. masalis axsnisas misi<br />
magaliTebiT ganmtkiceba<br />
7. gadmocemuli masalis<br />
aTvisebis xarisxi<br />
8. studentebTan<br />
urTierToba<br />
Teso<br />
90<br />
Zalian<br />
kargi<br />
kargi saSualo susti
9. studentebSi<br />
damoukidebeli<br />
azrovnebis ganviTareba<br />
10. auditoriaSi situaciis<br />
floba<br />
11. sagamocdo da<br />
Seswavlili masalis<br />
Sesabamisoba<br />
12. sagamocdo kiTxvebis<br />
xarisxi<br />
13. gamocdis obieqturoba<br />
14. studentTa leqciebze<br />
daswreba<br />
ukanasknel wlebSi, Tsu xarisxis marTvis samsaxuris mier, SemuSavebul iqna<br />
saswavlo procesis Sefasebis kiTxvarebi studentebisa da profesor-<br />
maswavleblebisaTvis. magaliTisaTvis warmogid<strong>ge</strong>nT 2007 wels<br />
gamoqveynebul [87] kiTxvars studentebisaTvis:<br />
Zvirfaso studentebo, TqvenTvis cnobilia, rom universitetSi amJamad<br />
reforma mimdinareobs da seriozuli cvlilebebi xdeba swavlebis<br />
procesSi. gvainteresebs Tqveni azri mimdinare reformasa da saswavlo<br />
procesze, amitom, gTxovT, pasuxi gasceT qvemoT moyvanil kiTxvebs. Tqvni<br />
pasuxebi CvenTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania, radgan maTze dayrdnobiT<br />
dai<strong>ge</strong>gmeba momavali muSaoba.<br />
1. dagxvdaT Tu ara cxrili gamokruli fakultetze saTanado adgilas,<br />
rodesac pirvel semestrSi swavla daiwyo? (aRniSneT mxolod erTi<br />
pasuxi)<br />
91
1. cxrili gamokruli iyo saTanado adgilas<br />
2. cxrili gamokruli iyo, magram iseT adgilas, rom specialurad<br />
Tu ar migiTiTebdnen, ver miagnebdi<br />
3. cxrili ar iyo gamokruli da arc gamoukravT SemdegSi<br />
4. cxrili gamoakres dagvianebiT<br />
5. sxva: ___________<br />
2. acdendnen Tu ara leqtorebi leqciebs (aRniSneT mxolod erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. saerTod ara<br />
2. ki, iSviaTad<br />
3. ki, xSirad<br />
4. sxva: ___________<br />
3. gakmayofilebT Tu ara swavlis pirobebi?<br />
1. auditoriaSi sakmarisi adgili ar aris, yvela studenti ver<br />
eteva<br />
2. gaTboba ar aris<br />
3. merxebia damtvreuli<br />
4. dafa ar aris<br />
5. sinaTle ar aris<br />
6. sxva: ____________________<br />
4. giSliT Tu ara swavlaSi xels es sirTuleebi? (aRniSneT mxolod erTi<br />
pasuxi)<br />
1. diax, Zalian<br />
2. arc ise<br />
3. TiTqmis ara<br />
4. sxva: _________<br />
5. ras niSnavs ZiriTadi da damatebiTi specialoba? (aRniSneT mxolod<br />
erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. bakalavri studenti irCevs an ZiriTad, an damxmare specialobas<br />
2. magistri studenti irCevs ZiriTad da damxmare specialobas<br />
92
3. bakalavrma studentma unda miiRos orive: ZiriTadi da damxmare<br />
specialoba, oRond, dasagrovebeli kreditebis raodenobaa<br />
gansxvavebuli<br />
4. bakalavrma studentma unda miiRos orive: ZiriTadi da damxmare<br />
specialoba, Tanac, dasagrovebeli kreditebis raodenoba erTi<br />
da igivea<br />
5. ar vici<br />
6. gasa<strong>ge</strong>bi iyo Tu ara TqvenTvis, ra principiT unda a<strong>ge</strong>rCiaT<br />
specialobebi da kursebi? (aRniSneT mxolod erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. absoluturad gau<strong>ge</strong>bari iyo, magram mogvianebiT gaverkvie<br />
2. Tavidanve gasa<strong>ge</strong>bi iyo<br />
3. verc maSin gavi<strong>ge</strong> da arc axla mesmis<br />
7. gakmayofilebT Tu ara saxelmZRvaneloebTan dakavSirebuli situacia?<br />
1. yvela saxelmZRvanelo SeiZleba iyido<br />
2. zogi saxelmZRvanelo iyideba, zogic biblioTekaSia<br />
3. zogi saxelmZRvanelo saerTod ar iSoveba da gviwevs maTi<br />
gadaqseroqseba<br />
4. saxelmZRvaneloebi qarTulad ar aris, xolo sxva enebze kiTxva<br />
gviWirs<br />
5. leqtorebi Zalian bevr saxelmZRvanelos gvTxoven erTi kursis<br />
farglebSi<br />
6. saxelmZRvaneloebi biblioTekaSi ar aris<br />
7. sxva:<br />
__________________________________________________________<br />
8. gagiwiaT Tu ara vinmem konsultacia, romeli kursebi a<strong>ge</strong>rCiaT?<br />
(aRniSneT mxolod erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. diax, amisaTvis specialurad arsebobs TanamSromeli<br />
fakultetze<br />
2. TanamSromeli ar aris, magram leqtorebi gvaZlevdnen rCevebs<br />
3. aravin ar gvaZlevda rCevebs<br />
4. sxva:___________________<br />
93
9. iciT Tu ara, ras niSnavs krediti da rogor unda miiRoT is? (aRniSneT<br />
mxolod erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. vici kargad<br />
2. vici bundovnad<br />
3. mxolod msmenia<br />
4. ar vici<br />
10. sakmarisi iyo Tu ara sagnebis SeswavlisaTvis gamoyofili dro<br />
semestris ganmavlobaSi? (aRniSneT mxolod erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. diax, sruliad sakmarisi<br />
2. jobda cotaTi meti dro daTmoboda<br />
3. Zalian cota dro iyo gamoyofili<br />
4. sxva: ______________________________<br />
11. warmogidginaT Tu ara leqtorma kursis dawyebisTanave silabusi?<br />
(aRniSneT mxolod erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. diax, yvelam<br />
2. diax, daxloebiT 3/4-ma<br />
3. diax, daaxloebiT naxevarma<br />
4. diax, daaxloebiT 1/4-ma<br />
5. diax, mxolod erTi-orma<br />
6. aravin<br />
(Tu am kiTxvaze pasuxad SemoxazavT 6-s, maSin 12-s ar avsebT)<br />
12. Tu warmogidginaT, da<strong>ge</strong>xmaraT Tu ara es swavlebis organizebaSi?<br />
(aRniSneT mxolod erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. diax, Zalian<br />
2. diax, saSualod<br />
3. diax, oRond umniSvnelod<br />
4. saerTod ar damxmarebia<br />
5. ar mesmis, ra saWiroa saerTod silabusis dari<strong>ge</strong>ba<br />
13. daaxloebiT ra Tanxa <strong>ge</strong>xarjebaT masalebis aslis gadaRebaze erT<br />
semestrSi? (aRniSneT mxolod erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. 10-dan 20 laramde<br />
94
2. 20-dan 30 laramde<br />
3. 30-dan 40 laramde<br />
4. 40-dan 50 laramde<br />
14. ras fiqrobT Sefasebis 100 qulian sistemaze? (aRniSneT mxolod erTi<br />
pasuxi)<br />
1. kargia, radgan ukeT aCvenebs gansxvavebebs studentebs Soris<br />
2. kargia is, rom mTeli semestris manZilze swavlas afasebs<br />
3. kargia zemoT moyvanili orive mizezis gamo<br />
4. Sefasebis axali sistemis SemoRebiT araferi Secvlila<br />
5. cudia, radgan iTvaliswinebs iseT araarsebiT mxareebs,<br />
rogoricaa, magaliTad, daswreba<br />
6. cudia, radgan mxolod formalur xasiaTs atarebs da ar<br />
asaxavs realur codnas<br />
7. cudia zemoT moyvanili orive mizezis gamo<br />
8. sxva: ____________________________<br />
15. kmayofili xarT Tu ara Tqveni ZiriTadi specialobiT? (aRniSneT<br />
mxolod erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. diax,<br />
2. ara, rom SemeZlos, Sevcvlidi arCevans<br />
3. sxva:_________________________________<br />
16. saerTod, rogor SeafasebdiT Tqvens arCevans, <strong>ge</strong>swavlaT Tbilisis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetSi? (aRniSneT mxolod erTi pasuxi)<br />
1. molodini gamimarTlda<br />
2. molodini nawilobriv gamimarTlda, magram mainc kmayofili<br />
var<br />
3. ukmayofilo var, molodini TiTqmis ar gamimarTlda<br />
4. saerTod ar unda Camebarebina am fakultetze<br />
5. saerTod ar unda Camebarebina universitetSi<br />
6. sxva: ____________________________________<br />
95
miuTiTeT fakulteti:<br />
a. humanitaruli<br />
b. socialuri da politikuri<br />
c. sabunebismetyvelo<br />
d. samedicino<br />
e. iuridiuli<br />
f. ekonomikuri<br />
96<br />
gmadlobT TanamSromlobisaTvis!<br />
yvela zemoT ganxiluli kiTxvari, rogorc dasavluri, ise adgilobrivi,<br />
arasakmarisad miviCnieT Semdegi mizezebisa gamo:<br />
a. dasavluri kiTxvarebi Sed<strong>ge</strong>nili iyo adgilobrivi<br />
moTxovnebisa da saswavlo sistemis Sesabamisad, rac araviTar<br />
SemTxvevaSi ar eTanadeboda Cveni sazogadoebisa da saswavlo<br />
sistemis moTxovnebs;<br />
b. adgilobrivi kiTxvarebi rig SemTxvevaSi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nda<br />
dasavluri kiTxvarebis aslebs, amasTan maTi Sed<strong>ge</strong>nisas<br />
vfiqrobT ar yofila gaTvaliswinebuli, maswavleblis<br />
profesiuli maxasiaTeblebis Teoriuli modelisa da<br />
studentis Tanamedrove dakveTebi, aseve zogierT variantSi ar<br />
yofila daculi kiTxvaris Sed<strong>ge</strong>nis principebi. kerZod,<br />
kiTxvebi kompleqsuri iyo, rac Tavis mxriv gamoricxavs<br />
pasuxis siswores.<br />
aRniSnuli mizezebis gamo, Cveni muSaoba mTlianad empiriul kvlevaze<br />
aigo. kvlevis detalur aRweras Semdeg paragrafSi gTavazobT.
$3. kvlevis Sedegad Seqmnili studentis mier maswavleblis<br />
Sefasebis kiTxvarebi<br />
mecnieruli kvlevis ZiriTadi mizania konkretuli obieqtis da misi<br />
struqturis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblebis sxva obieqtebTan da<br />
movlenebTan kavSiris WeSmariti gansazRvra, agreTve mecnierebaSi<br />
damuSavebul principebsa da Semecnebis meTodebze dayrdnobiT<br />
adamianisaTvis sasar<strong>ge</strong>blo Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis miReba da warmoebaSi danergva.<br />
ZiriTadad, mecnieruli kvlevisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas<br />
rogorc empiriuli, ise Teoriuli meTodi.<br />
`Teoriuli meTodi gamoiyeneba obieqtis (movlenis) struqturisa da<br />
yofaqcevis dasad<strong>ge</strong>nad mecnierebaSi damuSavebuli principebisa da<br />
meTodebis saSualebiT manamde arsebuli mecnierul dakvirvebebze da maT<br />
ganzogadebaze dayrdnobiT. Teoriuli gamokvlevebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi, rogorc wesi,<br />
unda damtkicdes eqsperimentiT. zogjer Teoriuli gamokvlevebi imdenad<br />
Rrmad asaxaven bunebis zogad kanonzomierebebs, rom saSualebas iZlevian<br />
rigi axali movlenebis da efeqtebis winaswarmetyvelebisa.<br />
empiriuli meTodi mdgomareobs gamosakvlevi movlenis (obieqtis) zust<br />
aRweraSi da am movlenasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva faqtorebis detalur<br />
SeswavlaSi. Tavis mxriv, empiriuli amocanebi wydeba ori gziT _<br />
dakvirvebiT da eqsperimentiT~ [3].<br />
dakvirveba niSnavs Sesaswavl movlenaze (saganze) bunebrivi,<br />
SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT dakvirvebas (am sityvis Cveulebrivi ga<strong>ge</strong>biT) da mis<br />
Sesaxeb faqtebis Segrovebas im zomiT, rom SesaZlebeli iyos ganzogadeba,<br />
daskvnis gamotana da kanonzomierebaTa dad<strong>ge</strong>na.<br />
eqsperimenti aris Semecnebis yvelaze zogadi empiriuli meTodi.<br />
eqsperimentSi mkvlevari axdens ara mxolod gazomvebsa da dakvirvebebs,<br />
aramed igi TviTon ayenebs mas da TviTonve gansazRvravs obieqtze teqnikis<br />
donis Sesabamisi zemoqmedebis saSualebas. mis Casatareblad aucilebelia<br />
eqsperimentatori, cdis piri, specialuri laboratoria-kabineti, cdis<br />
97
msvlelobis Camweri – laboranti, xelsawyoebi da a.S. ris gamoc, igi<br />
movlenis bunebriv mdgomareobas ver wvdeba [7].<br />
eqsperimentis ZiriTad mizans sakvlevi obieqtis TvisebaTa gamovlena<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. eqsperimentebi, romlebic mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargSi<br />
tardeba, gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan:<br />
� pirobaTa formulirebis saSualebiT (bunebrivi da xelovnuri);<br />
� sakvlevi miznebis mixedviT (gardaqmna, konstatireba,<br />
kontrolireba, Zieba, gadawyveta);<br />
� Catarebis organizaciis mixedviT (laboratoriuli, savele,<br />
samewarmeo da sxva);<br />
� sakvlevi obieqtis mixedviT (martivi da rTuli);<br />
� sakvlev obieqtze garemo faqtorebis moqmedebis mixedviT<br />
(nivTobrivi, ener<strong>ge</strong>tikuli, informaciuli);<br />
� eqsperimentSi sakvlevi modelebis tipis mixedviT (materialuri<br />
da azrobrivi);<br />
� konstruirebadi sidideebis mixedviT (pasiuri da aqtiuri);<br />
� faqtorebis raodenobis mixedviT varirebadi (erTfaqtoriani da<br />
mravalfaqtoriani) da sxva;<br />
eqsperimenti SeiZleba iyos daxuruli an Ria. isini farTod arian<br />
gavrcelebulni fsiqologiaSi, sociologiaSi, pedagogikaSi. Ria<br />
eqsperimentSi amocanebs Riad uxsnian cdaSi monawile pirebs, daxurulSi,<br />
obieqturi monacemebis miRebis mizniT, monawileTaTvis amocanebi ucnobia.<br />
Ria eqsperimentis nebismieri forma zemoqmedebas axdens (xSirad aaqtiurebs)<br />
cdaSi monawile pirebs subieqtur qcevaze. amasTan dakavSirebiT, Ria<br />
eqsperimentis gamoyeneba mizanSewonilia mxolod maSin, roca gamosacdeli<br />
piri subieqturad uWers mxars da<strong>ge</strong>gmil saqmianobas [22].<br />
kvleva SeiZleba daiyos ZiebiT (exploratory research) da daskvniT (conclusive<br />
research) kvlevad.<br />
ZiebiTi kvleva - kvlevis erT-erTi saxea, romlis ZiriTad amocanas<br />
mkvlevaris winaSe arsebuli problemis ga<strong>ge</strong>badobis uzrunvelyofa<br />
98
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. misi ZiriTadi amocanaa detalurad Seiswavlos problema an<br />
situacia, romelsac mkvlevari Seexo.<br />
ZiebiTi kvleva gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac mkvlevari arasakmarisad<br />
aris garkveuli arsebul situaciaSi da ar SeuZlia gadadgas nabijebi<br />
problemis gadasawyvetad. ZiebiTi kvleva Zalzed moqnili da mravalmxrivia.<br />
misi Catarebisas ar gamoiyeneba formalizebuli meTodebi da procedurebi.<br />
amgvari kvlevis Catarebisas iSviaTad gamoiyeneba struqturirebuli<br />
anketebi da didi SerCevebi. maTi amocana dasmul problemasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli axali ideebis da mosazrebebis gaanalizebaa. axali ideebis<br />
ganxilva grZeldeba manam, sanam amowuruli ar iqneba yvela idea an ar<br />
iqneba moZiebuli axali mimarTuleba. swored am mizezis gamo mkvlevaris<br />
SemoqmedebiToba ZiebiT kvlevaSi mTavar rols TamaSobs. Tumca, mkvlevaris<br />
unarebi kargi ZiebiTi kvlevis Catarebis erTaderTi faqtori araa. ZiebiTi<br />
kvleva SesaZloa mniSvnelovan daskvnebamde gavides Semdeg meTodTa<br />
gamoyenebisas:<br />
� eqspertTa gamokiTxva<br />
� sapilote kvleva<br />
� meoradi informaciis (seqondary data) analizi<br />
� Tvisebrivi kvleva (qualitative research)<br />
daskvniTi kvleva - kvlevis saxea, romelic aucilebel daxmarebas<br />
uwevs mkvlevars mocemul situaciaSi qmedebis gansazRvris, Sefasebis da<br />
saukeTeso variantis dad<strong>ge</strong>nisaTvis.<br />
daskvniTi kvleva, ZiebiT kvlevasTan SedarebiT, rogorc wesi, ufro<br />
formalizebuli da struqturirebulia. igi gamoiyeneba didi,<br />
reprezentatiuli SerCevebisaTvis da monacemTa raodenobriv analizs<br />
eqvemdebareba.<br />
daskvniTi kvleva Tavis mxriv ori saxis kvlevad iyofa: deskriptiuli<br />
kvleva (descriptive research) da mizez-Sedegobrivi kvleva (causal research).<br />
99
deskriptiuli kvleva – daskvniTi kvlevis tipia, romlis ZiriTadi<br />
mizani sakvlevi obieqtis maxasiaTeblebis da funqciebis dad<strong>ge</strong>nas<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns.<br />
mizez-Sedegobrivi kvleva – daskvniTi kvlevis tipia, romlis ZiriTadi<br />
mizani movlenaTa Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis dad<strong>ge</strong>naa.<br />
amgvar daxasiaTebaze dayrdnobiT, SesaZloa Semdegi daskvnis gamotana:<br />
ZiebiTi kvlevis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi unda ganixilebodes, rogorc Semdgomi kvlevis<br />
sawyisi Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi. rogorc wesi amgvari Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi win uswrebs Semdgom ZiebiT<br />
an daskvniT kvlevebs.<br />
informacia, romelic aucilebelia mkvlevarisaTvis konkretuli<br />
problemis gadasawyvetad, SesaZloa mopovebul iqnas Tvisebrivi meTodebiT<br />
(Qualitative methods an Qualitative research) an raodenobrivi (Quantitative methods an<br />
Quantitative research).<br />
Tvisebrivi kvleva (Qualitative research) – arastruqturirebuli ZiebiTi<br />
kvlevis meTodi, romelic emyareba mcire SerCevebs da gankuTvnilia<br />
problemis irgvliv situaciis ukeT garkvevisaTvis.<br />
raodenobrivi kvleva (Quantitative research) – kvlevis meTodi, romelic<br />
gankuTvnilia informaciis Sesagroveblad da mis raodenobriv formaSi<br />
warmosad<strong>ge</strong>nad. raodenobrivi forma, statistikuri analizis procedurebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT d<strong>ge</strong>ba [19,38,42].<br />
Teoriuli da empiriuli, ZiebiTi da daskvniTi kvlevis Catarebisas<br />
gamoyenebadi Tvisebrivi an raodenobrivi meTodebis mkacri gamijvna,<br />
rogorc wesi ar arsebobs. gansxvavebul avtorebs gansxvavebuli<br />
Sexeduleba aqvT, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom kvlevis Catarebis ZiriTadi<br />
xazi ucvleli rCeba. am klasifikaciis formulireba Cveni kvlevis<br />
mimarTulebas scildeba da amjerad azris gamoTqmisagan Tavs SevikavebT.<br />
Tu davrCebiT pedagogiuri kvlevis klasikur CarCoebSi, Cvens mier<br />
Tsu-Si Catarebuli kvleva Semdegi saxiT SeiZleba aRvweroT:<br />
wina paragrafSi dasaxuli miznidan gamomdinare, pirvel etapze<br />
Catarebuli iqna ZiebiTi (Tvisebrivi) kvleva, romelic Cven SemTxvevaSi<br />
100
Tavis mxriv da<strong>ge</strong>gmili empiriuli kvlevis (daskvniTi kvleva, raodenobrivi<br />
kvleva) aucilebeli winapirobaa. kvleva Catarda Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:<br />
I. literaturaSi arsebuli informaciis gacnobis da sxva qveynebis<br />
msgavsi kvlevebis analizis safuZvelze CamovayalibeT hipoTeza.<br />
warmovadgineT profesiogramis e.w. Teoriuli modeli. pedagogis<br />
profesiuli maxasiaTeblebi Semdegi sami ZiriTadi aspeqtiT<br />
moviazreT:<br />
� sagnis codna (mecnieruli codna)<br />
� meToduri momzadeba<br />
� pirovnuli Tvisebebi<br />
II. CavatareT universitetis TiTqmis yvela fakultetis studentTa<br />
gamokiTxva. SerCevaSi monawileobdnen Tsu-is arapirvelkurseli<br />
studentebi, damatebiTi maxasiaTeblebi (mag. akademiuri moswreba)<br />
SerCevaze gavlenas ar axdenda. SerCeva ganawilebuli iyo TiTqmis<br />
Tanabrad humanitarul da arahumanitarul specialobaTa<br />
studentebs Soris. studentebs mivmarTeT kiTxviT: `rogori unda<br />
iyos umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli?~, Sedegad miviReT<br />
studentebis dakveTa maswavleblebisadmi, anu pedagogis<br />
profesiuli maxasiaTeblebi studentis TvaliT. gamokiTxva<br />
tardeboda jgufebSi da individualurad, TiToeuli azri (sul<br />
350) dafiqsirebul iqna werilobiT anonimurobis dacviT.<br />
mopovebuli masala gadavamuSaveT, gaviTvaliswineT yvelaze<br />
xSirad (gamokiTxulTa 80%) gameorebuli azri. aRsaniSnavia, rom<br />
dafiqsirebul azrTagan, arc erTi ar scildeboda Cvens mier<br />
dasaxelebul 3 ZiriTad mimarTulebas. Cvens mier moazrebuli<br />
modeli SevajereT studentur dakveTebTan. amrigad, Teoriuli da<br />
empiriuli kvlevis Sedegad SevqmeniT umaRlesi skolis<br />
maswavleblis profesiogramis Cveneuli xedva.<br />
101
III. kvlevis Sedegad Seqmnil umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis<br />
profesiul maxasiaTeblebsa da aseve studentis TvaliT danaxul<br />
dRes arsebuli uaryofiT maxasiaTeblebze dayrdnobiT SevqmeniT<br />
studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis kiTxvari.<br />
kiTxvebis Sed<strong>ge</strong>nisas vxelmZRvanelobdiT ralf portsis<br />
manhaimis gamokiTxvaTa, meTodebisa da analizis centris kiTxvaTa<br />
formulirebis miTiTebebiT:<br />
kiTxvebis (debulebebis) formulirebis `aTi mcneba~<br />
1. gamoiyeneT martivi, erTmniSvnelovani cnebebi, romlebsac<br />
yvela gamokiTxuli erTnairad gai<strong>ge</strong>bs;<br />
2. moerideT grZel da kompleqsur kiTxvebs;<br />
3. moerideT hipoTetur kiTxvebs;<br />
4. moerideT ormag stimulebsa da uaryofas;<br />
5. moerideT su<strong>ge</strong>stur kiTxvebs da stimulirebisaTvis<br />
garkveuli maxasiaTeblebis miweras;<br />
6. moerideT kiTxvebs, romlebic iseT informacias Seicaven,<br />
romelsac bevri gamokiTxuli savaraudod ar flobs;<br />
7. gamoiyeneT erTmniSvnelovani droiTi konteqstis kiTxvebi;<br />
8. gamoiyeneT pasuxis variantebi, romlebic amomwuravia da<br />
erTmaneTs ar gadafaravs;<br />
9. daamowmeT, rom kiTxvebis konteqsti gavlenas ar axdens<br />
(Tundac arakontrolirebad) mis pasuxze;<br />
10. gansazRvreT gaurkveveli cnebebi;<br />
amrigad, studentTa TvaliT danaxuli da Teoriul modelTan<br />
Sejerebuli umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli maxasiaTeblebi<br />
ase gamoiyureba:<br />
1. leqtori Rrmad flobs sagans;<br />
2. leqtori pasuxobs studentis mier dasmul arasaprogramo kiTxvebs<br />
mecnierebasTan mimarTebaSi;<br />
102
3. leqtori masalas gadmoscems studentisaTvis gasa<strong>ge</strong>bad;<br />
4. leqtori leqcias kiTxulobs sainteresod;<br />
5. leqtori iTvaliswinebs studentis azrs (winadadebebs, SeniSvnebs);<br />
6. leqtors aqvs metyvelebis maRali kultura;<br />
7. leqtori leqciaze qmnis dadebiT atmosferos;<br />
8. leqtori Sefasebas (gamocda, kolokviumi, CaTvla) awarmoebs<br />
obieqturad;<br />
9. leqtori Sefasebas awarmoebs mxolod im saprogramo masaliT,<br />
romelic winaswar iqna miTiTebuli studentisaTvis;<br />
10. leqtori komunikabeluria;<br />
11. leqtori keTilganwyobilia studentebis mimarT;<br />
12. leqtori megobrulia studentebis mimarT;<br />
13. leqtors aqvs zogadi ganaTleba;<br />
14. leqtors aqvs iumoris grZnoba;<br />
15. leqtori Tavis mimarT ganawyobs studentebs piradi higienis<br />
kulturiT;<br />
studentis TvaliT danaxuli maswavleblis uaryofiTi maxasiaTeblebi<br />
Semdegi kiTxvebis saxiT iqna formulirebuli:<br />
1. leqtori sxvadasxva disciplinas kiTxulobs erTi da igive TematikiT;<br />
2. leqtori agvianebs leqciaze;<br />
3. leqciaze studentis mier sakuTari azris gamoTqmisas, igrZnoba<br />
agresia leqtoris mxridan;<br />
4. leqtori Sefasebas awarmoebs sxva sagnebSi Sefasebis mixedviT;<br />
5. leqtori ismens studentis mcdar pasuxs da subieqturobis gamo ar<br />
asworebs mas;<br />
6. leqtori Sefasebis procesSi (studentis CaWris mizniT) mimarTavs<br />
arasaprogramo kiTxvebs;<br />
7. leqtori avaldebulebs students SeiZinos misi avtorobiT<br />
gamocemuli saxelmZRvanelo;<br />
103
8. leqtori leqcias atarebs movaleobis moxdis mizniT;<br />
9. leqtori uxeSia studentebis mimarT;<br />
10. leqtors piradi arasasiamovno ganwyoba gadaaqvs auditoriaze;<br />
sanam kiTxvaris Sed<strong>ge</strong>nis proceduras detalurad ganvixilavT,<br />
upriani iqneboda agveRniSna, rom es etapi faqtiurad empiriuli kvlevis<br />
CatarebisaTvis saWiro mTavari nawili e.w. `muSa instrumentia~. Cvens mier<br />
Catarebuli kvlevis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi SerCevis arasakmarisad didi raodenobis gamo<br />
tendenciis reprezentatulobiT (mTels SerCeviT erTobliobaze<br />
ganzogadebis) ar xasiaTdeba, Tumca Tavad kiTxvaris Sed<strong>ge</strong>nis meTodika misi<br />
vargisianobis pretenziis gamoTqmis saSualebas gvaZlevs.<br />
rogorc ukve iTqva, kiTxvebis formulirebisas specialuri wesiT<br />
vsar<strong>ge</strong>blobdiT. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba kiTxvaTa ganla<strong>ge</strong>bis<br />
Tanmimdevrobasac mieqca. unda aRvniSnoT, rom kiTxvebze pasuxebis, anu<br />
Skalis SerCevisas, arCevanTa mravalferovnebaSi dabalansirebul,<br />
leikersis luwi raodenobis skalaze SevCerdiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Cveni<br />
kiTxvari respodentTa did raodenobaze (kombinirebuli SerCeva) Catardeba,<br />
skalaze mexuTe - neitraluri punqtis damatebis sakiTxi kvlav ganxilvis<br />
sagnad iqceva. manamade ki saWirod CavTvaleT `gveiZulebina~ respodenti<br />
daefiqsirebina sakuTari azri, anu pasuxi `ar vici~ an `miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema~ ar miiReboda. amrigad kiTxvebma, Sesabamisi formulirebis micemis<br />
Semdeg, Semdegi kiTxvaris saxe miiRo:<br />
104
kiTxvari saswavlo disciplinis swavlebis Sesaxeb<br />
gTxovT, guldasmiT SeavsoT kiTxvari. Tqveni Tanadgoma didad<br />
waad<strong>ge</strong>ba saswavlo procesis Semdgom srulyofasa da Tavad<br />
konkretuli pedagogis momaval saqmianobas.<br />
fakulteti _____________________________________<br />
kursi __________________________________________<br />
studentis akademiuri moswreba ___________________<br />
disciplina _____________________________________<br />
pedagogi _______________________________________<br />
gTxovT gadaxazoT TqvenTvis misaRebi grafa<br />
kiTxvari konfidencialuria<br />
1. leqtori Rrmad flobs sagans<br />
2. leqtori iTvaliswinebs mecnierebis Tanamedrove miRwevebs<br />
3. leqtors aqvs mecnieruli kvlevis unari<br />
4. leqtori pasuxobs studentis mier dasmul arasaprogramo<br />
kiTxvebs mecnierebasTan mimarTebaSi<br />
5. leqtori mecnierebis Teorias akavSirebs praqtikul<br />
saqmianobasTan<br />
6. leqtoris mier kursis dasawyisSi naTlad aris gansazRvruli<br />
disciplinis swavlebis mizani<br />
7. leqtoris mier naTlad aris ganmartebuli swavlebis<br />
organizaciuli momentebi (leqciis, praqtikulis da seminaris<br />
raodenoba, Sefasebis sistema, literaturaze muSaobis formebi,<br />
moTxovnebi studentisadmi)<br />
8. leqtoris mier warmod<strong>ge</strong>nilia saprogramo TemaTa kalendaruli<br />
ganawileba Sesabamisi literaturis nusxiT<br />
9. leqtori masalas gadmoscems studentisaTvis gasa<strong>ge</strong>bad<br />
10. leqtori leqciaze efeqturad iyenebs TvalsaCinoebas (dafa,<br />
slaidebi, kompiuteri, video-masala, ruka da a.S.)<br />
105<br />
ar veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi
11. leqtori masalis axsnas iwyebs wina masalis mokle mimoxilviT<br />
12. leqtori leqcias atarebs sxvadasxva meTodiT (dialogi, zepiri<br />
gadmocema, jgufuri mecadineoba _ situaciis mixedviT)<br />
13. leqtori leqcias kiTxulobs sainteresod<br />
14. leqtori iTvaliswinebs studentis azrs (winadadebebs,<br />
SeniSvnebs)<br />
15. leqtori masalas dagmoscems sistemurad (awarmoebs masalis<br />
ganzogadebas)<br />
16. leqtors aqvs metyvelebis maRali kultura<br />
17. leqtors gaaCnia pedagogiuri taqti<br />
18. leqtori leqciaze qmnis dadebiT atmosferos<br />
19. leqtori sxvadasxva disciplinas kiTxulobs erTi da igive<br />
TematikiT<br />
20. leqtori uyalibebs students damoukidebeli muSaobis unar-<br />
Cvevebs (wignze muSaoba, masalis moZieba, kvleva)<br />
21. leqtori axalisebs studentis muSaobas (daiteresebulia<br />
studentis warmatebiT)<br />
22. leqtori agvianebs leqciaze<br />
23. leqciaze, studentis mier sakuTari azris gamoTqmisas igrZnoba<br />
agresia leqtoris mxridan<br />
24. leqtori Sefasebas (gamocda, kolokviumi, CaTvla) awarmoebs<br />
obieqturad<br />
25. leqtori Sefasebas awarmoebs mxolod im saprogramo masaliT<br />
romelic winaswar iqna miTiTebuli studentisaTvis<br />
26. leqtori Sefasebisas iTvaliswinebs SemoqmedebiT azrovnebas<br />
27. leqtori Sefasebas awarmoebs sxva sagnebSi Sefasebis mixedviT<br />
106<br />
ar veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi
28. leqtori ismens studentis mcdar pasuxs da subieqturobis gamo<br />
ar asworebs mas<br />
29. leqtori Sefasebis procesSi (studentis CaWris mizniT)<br />
mimarTavs arasaprogramo kiTxvas<br />
30. leqtori avaldebulebs students SeiZinos misi avtorobiT<br />
gamocemuli saxelmZRvanelo<br />
31. leqtori pativs scems studentis pirovnebas<br />
32. leqtori komunikabeluria<br />
33. leqtori keTilganwyobilia studentebis mimarT<br />
34. leqtori kritikul situaciaSi studentis gverdiT dgas<br />
35. leqtori megobrulia studentebis mimarT<br />
36. leqtors aqvs zogadi ganaTleba<br />
37. leqtors aqvs iumoris grZnoba<br />
38. leqtori Tavis mimarT ganawyobs studentebs piradi higienis<br />
kulturiT<br />
39. leqtori leqcias atarebs movaleobis moxdis mizniT<br />
40. leqtori uxeSia studentebis mimarT<br />
41. leqtors piradi arasasiamovno ganwyoba gadaaqvs auditoriaze<br />
42. leqtori flobs auditorias (axerxebs yvela studentis<br />
CarTvas mecadineobaSi)<br />
43. leqtors aqvs `momTxovneloba Sexamebuli aRsazrdelis<br />
pirovnebis pativiscemasTan~ (a.p.makarenko)<br />
damatebiTi mosazrebani saswavlo disciplinis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
1. ra aris gansakuTrebiT kargi kiTxvarSi? ---------------------------------------------<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
107<br />
ar veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
2. ra unda Seicvalos kiTxvarSi? --------------------------------------------------------------<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
____________________________________________________________<br />
____________________________________________________________-<br />
3. Tqveni gansxvavebuli mosazreba disciplinis swavlebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
____________________________________________________________<br />
___________________________________________________------------------<br />
madlobas gixdiT TanamSromlobisaTvis<br />
IV. miRebuli kiTxvari SevajereT kole<strong>ge</strong>bTan, administraciasTan da<br />
fsiqologiis specialistebTan. SeniSvnebi miviReT<br />
studentebisganac. ara erTi konsultaciisa da cvlilebis Semdeg<br />
kiTxvarma aprobaciis CatarebisaTvis misaRebi saxe miiRo:<br />
108
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
kiTxvari saswavlo disciplinis swavlebis Sesaxeb<br />
109<br />
(studentis TvaliT)<br />
gTxovT guldasmiT gaecnoT kiTxvars. yoveli kiTxvis Semdeg TqvenTvis<br />
misaRebi pasuxis variantTan dasviT aRniSvna ` x ~.<br />
Tqveni anonimuroba daculi iqneba.<br />
fakulteti kursi<br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli<br />
sagani<br />
studentis akademiuri Sefaseba saganSi<br />
(saxeli gvari)<br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli sruliad ar<br />
1. kursis dasawyisSi naTlad gansazRvravs disciplinis<br />
swavlebis mizans - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
2. kursis dasawyisSi naTlad ganmartavs swavlebis<br />
organizaciul momentebs (leqciis, praqtikulis da seminaris<br />
raodenoba, Sefasebis sistema, literaturaze muSaobis formebi,<br />
moTxovnebi studentisadmi) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
3. kursis dasawyisSi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns saprogramo TemaTa<br />
kalendarul ganawilebas Sesabamisi literaturis nusxiT<br />
- - - -<br />
o<br />
o<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
o<br />
o<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
4. Rrmad flobs sagans - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o o o o<br />
5. iTvaliswinebs mecnierebis Tanamedrove miRwevebs - - - - - - - o o o o<br />
6. pasuxobs studentis mier dasmul arasaprogramo kiTxvebs<br />
mocemuli disciplinidan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
7. Teoriul codnas akavSirebs praqtikul saqmianobasTan - - - - o o o o<br />
8. masalas gadmoscems studentisaTvis gasa<strong>ge</strong>bad<br />
- - - - - - - - -<br />
9. leqciaze efeqturad iyenebs TvalsaCinoebas (dafa, slaidebi,<br />
kompiuteri, video-masala, ruka da a.S.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o o o o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o
10. masalis axsnas iwyebs wina masalis mokle mimoxilviT<br />
110<br />
- - - -<br />
11. leqcias atarebs sxvadasxva meTodiT (dialogi, diskusia,<br />
zepiri gadmocema, jgufuri mecadineoba _ situaciis mixedviT) -<br />
sruliad ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
o o o o<br />
12. iTvaliswinebs studentis azrs (winadadebebs, SeniSvnebs) - - - o o o o<br />
13. masalas gadmoscems sistemurad (awarmoebs masalis<br />
ganzogadebas) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
14. metyvelebs gamarTulad<br />
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o o o o<br />
15. leqciaze qmnis dadebiT emociur atmosferos - - - - - - - - - o o o o<br />
16. xasiaTdeba pedagogiuri taqtiT<br />
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
17. uyalibebs students damoukidebeli muSaobis unar-Cvevebs<br />
(wignze muSaoba, masalis moZieba, kvleva) - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
18. axalisebs studentis aqtiurobas leqciaze<br />
- - - - - - - - - -<br />
19. axalisebs studentis damoukidebel arasaleqcio muSaobas<br />
- -<br />
o o o o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o o o o<br />
o o o o<br />
20. cdilobs yvela studentis CarTvas mecadineobis procesSi - - o o o o<br />
21. leqciaze agvianebs<br />
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
22. agresiulia studentis mier leqciaze sakuTari azris<br />
gamoTqmis mimarT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
23. Sefasebas (gamocda, CaTvla, kolokviumi) awarmoebs<br />
obieqturad - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
24. Sefasebas awarmoebs mxolod im saprogramo masaliT,<br />
romelic winaswar iqna miTiTebuli studentisaTvis - - - - - - -<br />
25. Sefasebisas iTvaliswinebs SemoqmedebiT azrovnebas<br />
- - - - - -<br />
o o o o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o o o o
26. Sefasebas awarmoebs sxva sagnebSi miRebuli Sefasebebis<br />
mixedviT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
27. subieqturobis gamo, reagirebis gareSe tovebs gamocdaze<br />
studentis mcdar pasuxs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
28. Sefasebis procesSi, studentis CaWris mizniT, mimarTavs<br />
arasaprogramo kiTxvebs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
29. gamocdaze erT students afasebs ramdenime saaTis<br />
ganmavlobaSi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
30. emuqreba studentebs momavali SefasebiT (gamocda, CaTvla,<br />
kolokviumi) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
31. avaldebulebs students SeiZinos misi avtorobiT gamocemuli<br />
saxelmZRvanelo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
32. studentisagan moiTxovs masalis momzadebas mxolod misi<br />
avtoribiT gamocemuli saxelmZRvanelodan - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
111<br />
sruliad ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
33. pativs scems studentis pirovnebas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o o o o<br />
34. komunikabeluria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o o o o<br />
35 keTilganwyobilia studentebis mimarT - - - - - - - - - - - - - o o o o<br />
36. sakuTar cud ganwyobas Tavs axvevs auditorias<br />
37. megobrulia studentebis mimarT<br />
38. gamoirCeva kargi zogadi ganaTlebiT<br />
- - - - - - -<br />
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o o o o<br />
o o o o<br />
o o o o<br />
39. xasiaTdeba kargi iumoris grZnobiT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - o o o o<br />
40. yuradRebas aqcevs sakuTar garegnobas<br />
- - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
o o o o<br />
41. leqcias atarebs movaleobis moxdis mizniT - - - - - - - - - - o o o o
42. uxeSia studentebis mimarT<br />
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br />
43. kritikul situaciaSi studentis gverdiT dgas<br />
112<br />
- - - - - - - -<br />
sruliad ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sxva mosazrebebi saswavlo disciplinis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
1. mTlianobaSi rogor afasebT maswavlebels<br />
- -<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
o o o o<br />
o o o o<br />
2. sagnis Sinaarsis gaTvaliswinebiT, ramdenad Rirebuli iyo am sagnis<br />
swavleba TqvenTvis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
_______________________________________________________________________________________<br />
3. Tqveni gansxvavebuli mosazreba disciplinis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
4. ra dro moamdomeT saganSi saprogramo masalis aTvisebas (igulisxmeba<br />
arasaauditorio – damoukideblad muSaobis dro) -------------------------------------------------------<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
5. ra unda Seicvalos kiTxvarSi? -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
madlobas gixdiT TanamSromlobisaTvis<br />
Zalian<br />
cudi<br />
V. CavatareT kiTxvaris aprobacia 200 studentze. am etapze kiTxvaris<br />
aprobaciis mizani masSi arsebuli SesaZlo xarvezebis gamovlena<br />
iyo, Tumca miRebuli masala sakmaod tevadi da informaciuli<br />
aRmoCnda. aprobaciaSi monawileoba miiRo Tsu 11 mimarTulebis<br />
(gamoyenebiTi maTematikisa da kompiuterul mecnierebaTa, meqanika<br />
cudi<br />
damakma<br />
yofil.<br />
kargi<br />
o o o o o<br />
Zalian<br />
kargi
maTematikis, fizikis, qimiis, ekonomikis, istoriis, fsiqologiis,<br />
filosofiis, Jurnalistikis, iuridiuli, saerTaSoriso<br />
samarTlis) arapirvelkurselma studentma. (TiToeuli<br />
mimarTulebidan 15-20 studenti).<br />
aprobaciam gviCvena, rom erTmniSvnelovnad, yvelasaTvis<br />
gau<strong>ge</strong>bari iyo punqti: Tqveni gansxvavebuli mosazreba disciplinis<br />
swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT, rogorc Cans misi formulireba<br />
sxvanairad iqneba saWiro.<br />
aseve gamokiTxulTa didi procenti Zalze zogad pasuxs<br />
iZleoda Semdeg kiTxvaze: ra dro moandomeT saganSi saprogramo<br />
masalis aTvisebas (igulisxmeba arasaauditorio – damoukideblad<br />
muSaobis dro)?, misi savaraudo pasuxi SemdgomSi SesaZloa<br />
winaswar, gansazRvrulad (1 kvira, 30 sT da a.S) iqnas miTiTebuli.<br />
SevecdebiT kvleva vawarmooT boloniis procesis dokumentebSi<br />
mowodebuli damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis gankuTvnil droze<br />
apelirebiT.<br />
radgan tardeboda Ria eqsperimenti da amave dros kiTxvari<br />
Sedga studentTa dakveTiT, aprobaciam Tavad kiTxvarSi Sesworeba<br />
ar Seitana.<br />
kiTxvis formulirebis Secvlis erT-erT mTavar pirobas,<br />
savaraudo pasuxebis raodenobis ganawileba Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns. kiTxva unda<br />
Seicvalos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu erT-erTi savaraudo pasuxis saerTo<br />
raodenoba 80% aRemateba, an Tuki 10%-ze meti pasuxgaucemeli<br />
punqtia. gamoTvlebis Catarebis Sedegad SeiZleba davrwmundeT, rom<br />
arc erTma kiTxvam kritikul sazRvars ar miaRwia.<br />
gTavazobT aprobaciis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs TiToeul kiTxvaze gacemuli<br />
pasuxebis mixedviT.<br />
113
1. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli kursis dasawyisSi<br />
naTlad gansazRvravs disciplinis swavlebis mizans<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
srulia<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi veTanxmebi<br />
nakleba<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
veTanxmebi srul<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
114<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
2. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli kursis dasawyisSi<br />
naTlad ganmartavs swavlebis organizaciul momentebs<br />
(leqciis, praqtikulis da seminaris raodenoba, Sefasebis<br />
sistema, literaturaze muSaobis formebi, moTxovnebi<br />
studentisadmi)<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi
3. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli kursis dasawyisSi<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns saprogramo TemaTa kalendarul ganawilebas<br />
Sesabamisi literaturis nusxiT<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
pasuxebi %-Si<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
115<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
4. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli Rrmad flobs sagans<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi
5. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs mecnierebis<br />
Tanamedrove miRwevebs<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
116<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
6. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli pasuxobs studentis mier<br />
dasmul arasaprogramo kiTxvebs mocemuli disciplinidan<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si
7. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli Teoriul codnas<br />
akavSirebs praqtikul saqmianobasTan<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
117<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
8. umaRlesi skolis merve maswavlebeli kiTxva masalas<br />
gadmoscems studentisaTvis gasa<strong>ge</strong>bad<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
9. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli mecxre kiTxva leqciaze efeqturad iyenebs<br />
TvalsaCinoebas (dafa, slaidebi, kompiuteri, video-masala,<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si
10. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli meaTe kiTxva masalis axsnas iwyebs wina<br />
masalis mokle mimoxilviT<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
sruliad ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
118<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
11. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli leqcias atarebs<br />
sxvadasxva meTodiT meTerTmete (dialogi, diskusia, kiTxva zepiri gadmocema,<br />
jgufuri mecadineoba _ situaciis mixedviT)<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
12. umaRlesi skolis<br />
meTormete<br />
maswavlebeli<br />
kiTxva<br />
iTvaliswinebs<br />
studentis azrs (winadadebebs, SeniSvnebs)<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi
13. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli masalas gadmoscems<br />
sistemurad (awarmoebs masalis ganzogadebas)<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
14. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli metyvelebs gamarTulad<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
119<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
15. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli leqciaze qmnis dadebiT<br />
meTxuTmete kiTxva<br />
emociur atmosferos<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi
16. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli xasiaTdeba pedagogiuri<br />
taqtiT<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
120<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
17. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli uyalibebs students<br />
damoukidebeli muSaobis unar-Cvevebs (wignze muSaoba,<br />
masalis moZieba, kvleva)<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si
18. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli axalisebs studentis<br />
aqtiurobas leqciaze<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
121<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
19. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli axalisebs studentis<br />
damoukidebel arasaleqcio muSaobas<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si
20. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli cdilobs yvela<br />
studentis CarTvas mecadineobis procesSi<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
21. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli leqciaze agvianebs<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
122
22. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli agresiulia studentis<br />
mier leqciaze sakuTari azris gamoTqmis mimarT<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
123<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
23. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli Sefasebas (gamocda,<br />
CaTvla, kolokviumi) awarmoebs obieqturad<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
24. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli Sefasebas awarmoebs<br />
mxolod im saprogramo masaliT, romelic winaswar iqna<br />
ocdameoTxe kiTxva<br />
miTiTebuli studentisaTvis<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi
25. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli Sefasebisas<br />
iTvaliswinebs SemoqmedebiT azrovnebas<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
124<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
26. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli Sefasebas awarmoebs<br />
sxva sagnebSi miRebuli Sefasebebis mixedviT<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
27. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli subieqturobis gamo,<br />
reagirebis gareSe ocdameSvide tovebs gamocdaze kiTxvastudentis<br />
mcdar<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi
28. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli Sefasebis procesSi,<br />
studentis CaWris mizniT, mimarTavs arasaprogramo<br />
kiTxvebs<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad naklebad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
125<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
29. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli gamocdaze erT<br />
students afasebs ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
30. umaRlesi skolis ocdameaTe maswavlebeli kiTxvaemuqreba<br />
studentebs<br />
momavali SefasebiT (gamocda, CaTvla, kolokviumi)<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si
32. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli studentisagan<br />
moiTxovs masalis momzadebas mxolod misi avtoribiT<br />
gamocemuli saxelmZRvanelodan<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
31. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli avaldebulebs students<br />
SeiZinos misi avtorobiT gamocemuli saxelmZRvanelo<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
126
33. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli pativs scems<br />
studentis pirovnebas<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
127<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
34. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli komunikabeluria<br />
0<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si
35. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli keTilganwyobilia<br />
studentebis mimarT<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad naklebad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
128<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
36. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli sakuTar cud<br />
ganwyobas Tavs axvevs auditorias<br />
naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si
37. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli megobrulia<br />
studentebis mimarT<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
38. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli gamoirCeva kargi<br />
zogadi ganaTlebiT<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
129<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi
39. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli yuradRebas aqcevs<br />
sakuTar garegnobas<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
40. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli xasiaTdeba kargi<br />
iumoris grZnobiT<br />
sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
130<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi
41. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli leqcias atarebs<br />
movaleobis moxdis mizniT<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
42. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli uxeSia studentebis<br />
mimarT<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad auRniSnavi<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi pasuxi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
131
43. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli kritikul situaciaSi<br />
studentis gverdiT dgas<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
sruliad naklebad veTanxmebi sruliad<br />
ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
Zalian cudi<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
cudi<br />
damakmayofilebeli<br />
kargi<br />
Zalian kargi<br />
VI. TiToeul kiTxvas pirobiTad mivaniWeT garkveul qulaTa<br />
raodenoba, SekiTxvebi aseve pirobiTad davyaviT blokebad.<br />
prioritetebis mkacrad dasaxelebisgan Tavi SevikaveT, radgan es<br />
calke kvlevis sagania, Tumca SemogTavazebT Cveneul xedvas,<br />
romelic cxadia, SesaZloa xarvezebs Seicavdes.<br />
132<br />
auRniSnavi<br />
pasuxi<br />
mTlianobaSi rogor afasebT pedagogs?<br />
raodenoba %-Si<br />
auRniSnavi pasuxi
pirobiTad gamovyaviT sami jgufi:<br />
pirvel jgufis kiTxvebi:<br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli<br />
1. kursis dasawyisSi naTlad gansazRvravs disciplinis swavlebis mizans<br />
2. kursis dasawyisSi naTlad ganmartavs swavlebis organizaciul<br />
momentebs (leqciis, praqtikulis da seminaris raodenoba, Sefasebis<br />
sistema, literaturaze muSaobis formebi, moTxovnebi studentisadmi)<br />
3. kursis dasawyisSi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns saprogramo TemaTa kalendarul<br />
ganawilebas Sesabamisi literaturis nusxiT<br />
4. Rrmad flobs sagans<br />
7. Teoriul codnas akavSirebs praqtikul saqmianobasTan<br />
8. masalas gadmoscems studentisaTvis gasa<strong>ge</strong>bad<br />
9. leqciaze efeqturad iyenebs TvalsaCinoebas (dafa, slaidebi,<br />
kompiuteri, video-masala, ruka da a.S.)<br />
10. masalis axsnas iwyebs wina masalis mokle mimoxilviT<br />
11. leqcias atarebs sxvadasxva meTodiT (dialogi, diskusia, zepiri<br />
gadmocema, jgufuri mecadineoba _ situaciis mixedviT)<br />
13. masalas gadmoscems sistemurad (awarmoebs masalis ganzogadebas)<br />
17. uyalibebs students damoukidebeli muSaobis unar-Cvevebs (wignze<br />
muSaoba, masalis moZieba, kvleva)<br />
18. axalisebs studentis aqtiurobas leqciaze<br />
23. Sefasebas (gamocda, CaTvla, kolokviumi) awarmoebs obieqturad<br />
33. pativs scems studentis pirovnebas<br />
133
meore jgufis kiTxvebi:<br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli<br />
5. iTvaliswinebs mecnierebis Tanamedrove miRwevebs<br />
6. pasuxobs studentis mier dasmul arasaprogramo kiTxvebs mocemuli<br />
disciplinidan<br />
12. iTvaliswinebs studentis azrs (winadadebebs, SeniSvnebs)<br />
14. metyvelebs gamarTulad<br />
15. leqciaze qmnis dadebiT emociur atmosferos<br />
16. xasiaTdeba pedagogiuri taqtiT<br />
19. axalisebs studentis damoukidebel arasaleqcio muSaobas<br />
20. cdilobs yvela studentis CarTvas mecadineobis procesSi<br />
24. Sefasebas awarmoebs mxolod im saprogramo masaliT, romelic winaswar<br />
iqna miTiTebuli studentisaTvis<br />
25. Sefasebisas iTvaliswinebs SemoqmedebiT azrovnebas<br />
34. komunikabeluria<br />
35. keTilganwyobilia studentebis mimarT<br />
37. megobrulia studentebis mimarT<br />
38. gamoirCeva kargi zogadi ganaTlebiT<br />
39. xasiaTdeba kargi iumoris grZnobiT<br />
40. yuradRebas aqcevs sakuTar garegnobas<br />
41. leqcias atarebs movaleobis moxdis mizniT<br />
43. kritikul situaciaSi studentis gverdiT dgas<br />
mesame jgufis kiTxvebi:<br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli<br />
21. leqciaze agvianebs<br />
22. agresiulia studentis mier leqciaze sakuTari azris gamoTqmis mimarT<br />
26. Sefasebas awarmoebs sxva sagnebSi miRebuli Sefasebebis mixedviT<br />
134
27. subieqturobis gamo, reagirebis gareSe tovebs gamocdaze studentis<br />
mcdar pasuxs<br />
28. Sefasebis procesSi, studentis CaWris mizniT, mimarTavs arasaprogramo<br />
kiTxvebs<br />
29. gamocdaze erT students afasebs ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi<br />
30. emuqreba studentebs momavali SefasebiT (gamocda, CaTvla, kolokviumi)<br />
31. avaldebulebs students SeiZinos misi avtorobiT gamocemuli<br />
saxelmZRvanelo<br />
32. studentisagan moiTxovs masalis momzadebas mxolod misi avtoribiT<br />
gamocemuli saxelmZRvanelodan<br />
36. sakuTar cud ganwyobas Tavs axvevs auditorias<br />
42. uxeSia studentebis mimarT<br />
TiToeul jgufs mivakuTvneT qulaTa mniSvnelobebi Skalis<br />
danayofebis mixedviT:<br />
sruliad ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
135<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
pirveli jgufi 0 3 6 9<br />
meore jgufi 0 2 5 8<br />
mesame jgufi 0 1 4 7<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, kiTxvebis Sed<strong>ge</strong>nisas specialuri wesebiT<br />
vxelmZRvanelobdiT, amis gamo qulaTa daTvlisas zogierTi<br />
kiTxvis pasuxTan qulebi simetriulad iqna gadanacvlebuli<br />
(gavakeTeT inversia). anu qulaTa raodenoba jgufebis mixedviT<br />
kiTxvebze N21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 41, 42 Semdegnairad<br />
gadanawilda
sruliad ar<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
naklebad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
136<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
sruliad<br />
veTanxmebi<br />
pirveli jgufi 9 6 3 0<br />
meore jgufi 8 5 2 0<br />
mesame jgufi 7 4 1 0<br />
Sesabamisad, gamoviangariSeT qulaTa Teoriuli maqsimaluri da<br />
minimaluri raodenoba. daTvlis Sedegad sabolood miviReT, rom<br />
Teoriulad, maswavlebelma SeiZleba minimaluri 0, xolo<br />
maqsimaluri 347 qula moagrovos; aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom<br />
realurad maqsimaluri qula SesaZloa miRweuli ver iqnas. amis<br />
mravali faqtori arsebobs: kiTxvaris mkacri moTxovnebi,<br />
gamokiTxul pirTa arasakmarisi raodenoba konkretuli<br />
maswavleblis mimarT da sxva. vfiqrobT, momavalSi SesaZloa<br />
sakmarisad miviCnioT 2 sxvadasxva jgufis, daaxloebiT 30<br />
studentis erTidaigive pirovnebaze Sevsebuli kiTxvari.<br />
VII. daviTvaleT, SeiZleba Tu ara realurad miRweul iqnas kiTxvaris<br />
Teoriul qulaTa maqsimumi. vinaidan Cven fakultetebis mixedviT<br />
winaswar ar migviTiTebia is sasurveli Sesafasebeli<br />
maswavlebeli, (es kiTxvaris muSaobis momdevno etapia), kiTxvaris<br />
bolos mocemuli kiTxva `mTlianobaSi rogor afasebT<br />
maswavlebels~?, SevadareT erTi da igive pirovnebaze Sevsebuli<br />
kiTxvarebiT mogrovil qulaTa raodenobas. daTvlisaTvis sakmaris<br />
raodenobad daaxloebiT 10 kiTxvari miviCnieT. aseTi sul 3<br />
maswavlebeli (istoriis, gamoyenebiTi maTematikis da fsiqologiis<br />
mimarTulebidan) aRmoCnda. yvelaze xSirad (24 kiTxvari)<br />
gameorebadma `Zalian kargi~ maxasiaTeblisaken gadaxrilma<br />
maswavlebelma (24-dan 17 kiTxvaris Sefaseba iyo `Zalian kargi~)
266 qula moagrova. 11 kiTxvari axasiaTebda maswavlebels<br />
SefasebiT `Zalian kargi~ (4 kiTxvari) da `kargi~ (4 kiTxvari, 3<br />
kiTxvarSi aRniSnuli kiTxva moniSnuli ar iyo). am maswavlebelma<br />
235 qula moagrova, xolo Semdegma maswavlebelma aseve 9<br />
kiTxvarSi SefasebiT `Zalian kargi~ (5 kiTxvari) da `kargi~ (4<br />
kiTxvari) 240 qula moagrova. radgan praqtikuli Sedegi Sors ar<br />
idga Teoriuli 347 qulisagan, CavTvaleT, rom kiTxvars Zalian<br />
mkacri moTxovnebi ar gaaCnia.<br />
VIII. miRebuli Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis mixedviT, pirobiTad gamovyaviT sami<br />
kategoria: dabali, saSualo da maRali donis maswavlebeli.<br />
pirobiTad dabali donis maswavleblad SeiZleba CaiTvalos<br />
maswavlebeli, romelmac, moagrova qulaTa raodenoba [0-115]<br />
sazRvridan, saSualo donis maswavleblad maswavlebeli,<br />
romelmac moagrova qulaTa raodenoba [116-231] sazRvridan, maRali<br />
donis maswavleblad maswavlebeli, romlmac moagrova qulaTa<br />
raodenoba [232-347] sazRvridan.<br />
kvlevis es etapi ar iTvaliswinebda kiTxvaris calkeul debulebaTa<br />
statistikuri maCveneblebis dad<strong>ge</strong>nasa da kiTxvaris faqtorul analizs.<br />
yovelive es, gamowveuli iyo Cvens mier Catarebuli ZiriTadad Tvisebrivi<br />
kvlevis tipis gamo. rogorc cnobilia aRniSnuli kvlevis Sedegad<br />
miRebuli informacia ar muSavdeba statistikurad da misi ZiriTadi mizani<br />
hipoTezis dazustebasa da mimarTulebis gamokveTas emsaxureba. Semdgom<br />
Catarebuli raodenobrivi kvlevis pirveli etapi kiTxvaris vargisianobis<br />
dasad<strong>ge</strong>nad, respodentTa mcire (kiTxvaris aprobaciisaTvis sakmaris)<br />
raodenobaze iqna Catarebuli. aRniSnul mizezTa gamo calkeuli<br />
statistikuri maCveneblebis moyvana am TvalsazrisiT Rirebulad ar<br />
migvaCnia.<br />
aRwerili kvlevis procesisa da sakvlevi instrumentis – kiTxvaris<br />
(Sinaarsi da skala) validobasTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom<br />
Sinaarsobrivi validoba, romelic Semowmebis erT-erTi saxea,<br />
Sesrulebulia. kvlevaSi monawileobas iRebdnen saswavlo procesSi<br />
137
CarTuli mxareebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>neli-eqspertebi, maTi miTiTebebi da<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli rCevebi validobis aucilebeli pirobaa. kiTxvarSi<br />
gamoyenebuli skalis standartulobidan gamomdinare misi validobis<br />
pirobac Sesrulebulia. yovelive es saSualebas gvaZlevs vamtkicoT, rom<br />
kiTxvari validuria.<br />
kiTxvaris sandooba Tavisi SinaarsiT gulisxmobs im xarisxs,<br />
romliTac kiTxvari yoveli gamoyenebisas msgavs Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs iZleva. aRniSnuli<br />
xarisxis dad<strong>ge</strong>na, rogorc wesi, meoradi kvlevis Catarebisas, garkveuli<br />
droiTi periodis gavlis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli. sandoobis Semowmeba<br />
kvlevis Semdgom etapze, ukve validuri kiTxvariT mopovebuli informaciis<br />
damuSavebisas moxdeba.<br />
amrigad, Catarebuli eqsperimentis Sedegad miviReT studentis mier<br />
maswavleblis Sefasebis qarTuli kiTxvari, romelic iTvaliswinebs<br />
studentis dakveTebs maswavleblisadmi. amasTan, kvlevis Sedegad<br />
dad<strong>ge</strong>nilia is saerTo uaryofiTi maxasiaTeblebi, romelebic dRevandeli<br />
umaRlesi skolis maswavlebels gaaCnia. miviReT pirobiTad `dabali~,<br />
`saSualo~ da `maRali~ donis maswavleblis SefasebisaTvis qulaTa<br />
raodenoba, anu SevqmeniT studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis<br />
`instrumenti~.<br />
studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis kiTxvaris Sed<strong>ge</strong>nis meTodika<br />
da Tavad kiTxvari, saerTaSoriso doneze aprobaciis mizniT,<br />
gadamowmebuli iqna kristian-albrextis kilis universitetis pedagogikis<br />
institutSi (kili, <strong>ge</strong>rmania). kerZod, pedagogikis institutSi CavatareT 2007-<br />
2008 wlis zamTris semestrSi mimdinare seminarebis wamyvani maswavleblebis<br />
Sefaseba.<br />
kvlevis farglebSi kiTxvaris Sed<strong>ge</strong>nis procesi Semdegi etapebiT<br />
ganxorcielda:<br />
138
I. nacionaluri Tavisebuberebebis gaTvaliswinebis mizniT,<br />
davamuSaveT <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis universitetebis saswavlo procesis da<br />
studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis debulebebi.<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gavamaxvileT CrdiloeT <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis<br />
universitetebis gaerTianebis (VNU - Verbund Norddeutscher Universitäten)<br />
da kriqsian albrextis kilis uniersitetis (CAU – Christian Albrecht<br />
Universität zu Kiel) saswavlo procesis debulebebze. mopovebuli<br />
masala Teoriulad SevadareT Cven mier saqarTveloSi Seqmnil<br />
standarts.<br />
II. kvlevis Casatareblad, fokus jgufad SevarCieT pedagogikis<br />
institutSi 2007-2008 wlis zamTris semestrSi, pedagogikis<br />
mimarTulebiT mimdinare seminarebze monawile studentebi (411<br />
studenti). SerCevisas damatebiT maxasiaTeblebs, rogoricaa<br />
akademiur moswreba, saswavlo semestri, fakulteti da sxv.<br />
yuradReba ar eqceoda.<br />
III. pirvel etapze gamovkiTxeT 61 studenti. dasmul kiTxvaze: `Tqveni<br />
azriT, rogori unda iyos umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli?~<br />
anonimurad, werilobiT studentTa mier dafiqsirebuli iqna is<br />
ZiriTadi moTxovnebi, romlebic <strong>ge</strong>rmanel studentebs gaaCndaT<br />
pedago<strong>ge</strong>bis mimarT. mopovebuli masalis damuSavebisas, Cvens mier<br />
gaTvaliswinebul iqna yvelaze xSirad (gamokiTxulTa 80%)<br />
gameorebuli azri.<br />
IV. saqarTveloSi Catarabuli kvlevis msgavsad, mopovebuli<br />
moTxovnebi maswavleblisadmi Sejerebul iqna zemoT warmod<strong>ge</strong>nil<br />
maswavleblis profesiuli maxasiaTeblebTan. aRsaniSnavi da<br />
xazgasasmelia, rom <strong>ge</strong>rmaneli studentebis mier dafiqsirebuli<br />
survilebi ar gascilebia Cvens mier Sed<strong>ge</strong>nili pedagogis<br />
profesiuli maxasiaTeblebis CamonaTvals. umniSvnelo gadaxra,<br />
pedagogisadmi pirovnul moTxovnebSi fiqsirdeboda, rac<br />
kulturuli sxvaobidan gamomdinare, udavod bunebrivi movlenaa.<br />
139
V. mopovebuli masala SevajereT <strong>ge</strong>rmaniaSi arsebul standartebtan,<br />
kilis universitetSi arsebul studentis mier maswavleblis<br />
Sefasebis kiTxvarebTan, Cvens mier saqarTveloSi Sed<strong>ge</strong>nil<br />
profesiul maxasiaTeblebTan da SevadgineT studentis mier<br />
maswavleblis Sefasebis kiTxvari. kiTxvari ukve Tavisi SinaarsiT<br />
iTvaliswinebda rogorc qarTveli, ise <strong>ge</strong>rmaneli studentebis<br />
moTxovnebs. cxadia, kiTxvebis Sed<strong>ge</strong>nisas vxelmZRvanelobdiT ralf<br />
portsis manhaimis gamokiTxvaTa, meTodebisa da analizis centris<br />
kiTxvaTa formulirebis miTiTebebiT. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba<br />
mivaqcieT kiTxvaTa ganla<strong>ge</strong>bis Tanmimdevrobas. kiTxvebze pasuxebis,<br />
anu skalis SerCevisas, amjeradac ar gagviTvaliswinebia<br />
neitraluri punqtis arseboba, Tumca ganawilebis ufro detalurad<br />
aRsaqmelad, kenti (5) raodenobis `Seesabameba - ar Seesabameba [trifft<br />
zu – trifft nicht zu]~ skala SevarCieT.<br />
VI. SemuSavebuli kiTxvari, CAU-is pedagogikis institutis<br />
profesorebTan SevaTanxmeT, ris Semdegac kiTxvarma ara erTi<br />
cvlileba ganicada.<br />
VII. CavatareT kiTxvaris aprobacia pedagogikis institutis erT-erT<br />
seminarze, 28 kacian jgufSi.<br />
VIII. aprobaciam gviCvena, rom erTmniSvnelovnad, yvelasaTvis gau<strong>ge</strong>bari<br />
iyo anketuri Ria kiTxva - sagani (Fachdisziplin), man SemdgomSi sxva<br />
formulireba miiRo, kerZod seminaris dasaxeleba (Titel des Seminars).<br />
radgan kiTxvari nacionaluri Taviseburebebis da studentTa<br />
dakveTis gaTvaliswinebiT Sedga, aprobaciam Tavad kiTxvarSi<br />
Sesworeba ar Seitana. monacemTa damuSavebisas davrwmundiT, rom<br />
arc erTma kiTxvam, kiTxvis SecvlisaTvis aucilebel kritikul<br />
zRvars (10%-ze meti pasuxgaucemeli punqti, erTi da igive kiTxvaze<br />
pasuxis saerTo raodenobis 80%-ze meti) ar miaRwia.<br />
� maswavlebelTa evalvacia, kilis universitetSi ramdenime wlian<br />
praqtikas iTvlis. yovel semestruli Sefasebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi institutebSi,<br />
140
am etapisaTvis mxolod rekomendaciebis xasiaTs atarebs.<br />
fakultetebisa Tu institutebis mixedviT, universitetis masStabiT ar<br />
d<strong>ge</strong>ba raime saxis reitinguli sia. yovel semestruli Sefasebis<br />
moTxovnidan gamomdinare, universitetis masStabiT danergilia<br />
evalvaciis e.w. programuli uzrunvelyofa - EvaSys. programis<br />
moTxovnis farglebSi TiToeuli kiTxvari, romelic evalvaciisas<br />
gamoiyeneba, vizualurad garkveul standartebs unda akmayofilebdes.<br />
EvaSys-i sxvadasxva tipis kiTxvebis da skalebis SerCevis saSualebas<br />
iZleva. qaRalduri an/da eleqtronuli matareblidan Seyvanil<br />
informacias sistema Tavad amuSavebs statistikurad da a<strong>ge</strong>nerirebs<br />
Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs. unda aRiniSnos, rom TiToeuli profesors, sakuTari<br />
Sefasebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis gacnobisas, ufleba aqvs ar gamoaqveynos isini.<br />
IX. Cvens mier SemuSavebulma kiTxvarmac, EvaSys farglebSi garkveuli<br />
vizualuri cvlilebebi ganicada. warmogid<strong>ge</strong>nT, aprobirebuli<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmanuli kiTxvaris originalur saxes da mis qarTul Targmans:<br />
141
142
143
144
kiTxvari<br />
seminaris Sesamowmeblad<br />
gTxovT guldasmiT gaecnoT kiTxvars. yoveli kiTxvis Semdeg TqvenTvis<br />
misaRebi pasuxis variantTan dasviT aRniSvna ` x ~.<br />
1.1. seminari dasaxeleba<br />
1.2. seminaris xelmZRvaneli<br />
1.3. saswavlo semestri<br />
(saxeli gvari)<br />
2.1. maswavlebeli semestris dasawyisSi ganmartavs seminaris<br />
mimdinareobis organizaciul sakiTxebs (swavlebis meTodebi,<br />
saswavlo literatura, moTxovnebi studentebisadmi, Sefasebis<br />
kriteriumebi) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.2. saseminaro jgufis moculoba misaRebi odenobisaa _ _ _ _ _ _ □ □ □ □ □<br />
2.3. saswavlo masala studentisaTvis gasa<strong>ge</strong>badaa miwodebuli _ _ □ □ □ □ □<br />
2.4. maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs mecnierebis Tanamedrove<br />
miRwevebs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.5. maswavlebeli daintresebulia studentebis warmatebiT _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.6. maswavlebeli mecadineobis Semdegac mzadaa upasuxos<br />
studentis mier dasmul SekiTxvebs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.7 seminarze ganixileba ara mxolod Teoriuli masala, aramed<br />
masalis praqtikuli mniSnvelobac _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.8. igrZnoba, rom umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli seminars<br />
movaleobis moxdis mizniT atarebs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.9. seminarze racionalurad gamoiyeneba swavlebis teqnikuri<br />
saSualebebi (slaidebi, video masala, kompiuteri, proeqtori)<br />
145<br />
Seesabameba<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
ar Seesabameba<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
□ □ □ □ □
2.10. maswavlebeli pativiscemiT ekideba studentebs. (studentebi<br />
maswavleblis yuradRebas grZnoben) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.11. seminari codnis gadacemisa da dikusiis kargi kombinaciaa _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.12. maswavlebels aqvs kargi iumoris grZnoba _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.13. seminarze gamoiyeneba swavlebis aqtivizaciis xerxebi (mag.<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
Jgufuri muSaoba, roluri TamaSebi) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.14. maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs studentebis azrs (winadadebebs,<br />
SeniSvnebs) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.15. maswavlebeli metyvelebs garkveviT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.16. seminaris dasawyisSi xdeba gavlili masalis mimoxilva_ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.17. maswavlebeli cdilobs Seqmnas seminarze swavlisaTvis<br />
misaRebi atmosfero _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.18. maswavlebeli xels uwyobs studentebis damoukidebel<br />
muSaobas (saswavlo wignebis, damatebiT masalebis da<br />
literaturis gamoyeneba, swavleba da kvleva) _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.19. seminaris dasawyisSi maswavlebeli acnobs monawileebs<br />
rekomendirebuli literaturis CamonaTvals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.20. maswavlebeli studentebis SekiTxvebze axsna-ganmartebebs<br />
iZleva _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.21. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebeli seminarisaTvis momzadebuli<br />
Cans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.22. maswavlebels seminari sxvadasxva meTodebiT mihyavs _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.23. maswavlebeli kompetenturia dargSi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
146<br />
Seesabameba<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
ar Seesabameba<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□
2.24. maswavlebeli sistematiurad sTavazobs studentebs<br />
konsultaciis saaTebs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.25. maswavlebeli megobrulia studentebis mimarT _ _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.26. maswavlebels gadaaqvs auditoriaze sakuTari cudi<br />
ganwyoba _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.27. seminaris Sinaarsi, gamosadegia Semdgomi profesiuli<br />
saqmianobisaTvis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
2.28. umaRlesi skolis maswavlebels kargi zogadi ganaTleba<br />
aqvs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.29. seminarebze diskusiebi organizebulad mimdinareobs _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.30. monawileebi komfortulad grZnoben Tavs imisaTvis, rom<br />
seminarze iaqtiuron _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
2.31. piradad CemTvis seminari Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo _ _ _<br />
□ □ □ □ □<br />
3.1. ra niSans dauwerdiT seminars mTlianobaSi? (1-Zalian kargi, 6-<br />
arasakmarisi) □<br />
3.2. ra niSans dauwerdiT mTlianobaSi seminaris xelmZRvanels? (1-Zalian<br />
kargi, 6-arasakmarisi) □<br />
3.3. ra niSans dauwerdiT Tqven Tavs rogorc monawiles? (1-Zalian kargi,<br />
6-arasakmarisi) □<br />
4.1. Tqveni saboloo komentari seminaris Sesaxeb<br />
____________________________________________________________________<br />
____________________________________________________________________<br />
____________________________________________________________________<br />
147<br />
Seesabameba<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
□<br />
ar Seesabameba<br />
□<br />
□
4.2. saboloo komentari seminaris SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
____________________________________________________________________<br />
____________________________________________________________________<br />
4.3. ra unda Seicvalos kiTxvarSi?<br />
____________________________________________________________________<br />
____________________________________________________________________<br />
madlobas gixdiT TanamSromlobisaTvis<br />
X. aprobirebuli kiTxvariT, 2007-2008 zamTris semsetris dasasruls,<br />
gamokiTxva Catarda pedagogikis institutis 7 pedagogis 11<br />
seminarze. aprobirebuli kiTxvariT, sul gamokiTxul iqna 322<br />
studenti. nabeWdi saxiT Sevsebuli kiTxvarebis monacemebi<br />
damuSavebul iqna eleqtronulad EvaSys saSualebiT.<br />
XI. vinaidan Cveni kvlevis mziani, kiTxvaris Sed<strong>ge</strong>nis meTodikis<br />
vargisianobis dad<strong>ge</strong>na iyo, am etapisaTvis ar gavamaxvilebT<br />
yuradRebas statistikuri monacemebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis ganxilvaze.<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, monacemTa damuSaveba <strong>ge</strong>rmanuli programis<br />
farglebSi xdeboda. monacemebi TiToeuli profesorisaTvis cal-<br />
calke muSavdeboda. magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT erT-erTi seminaris<br />
profesoris Sefasebis, kiTxvaris statistikuri damuSavebis<br />
Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs, romelsac dainteresebuli mkiTxveli SeiZleba <strong>ge</strong>rmanul<br />
enaze gaecnos. Sefasebis erTian Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis qarTul variants ver<br />
gTavazobT, vinaidan pasuxebi da<strong>ge</strong>nerirebulia programis mier<br />
avtomaturad da erToblivi monacebebi, iseve rogorc TiToeuli<br />
profesorisaTvis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis maTematikur nawilze wvdomis<br />
saSualeba ar gvqonda.<br />
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili kvlevis procesisa da Tavad kiTxvaris (Sinaarsi da<br />
skala) validobasTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom Sinaarsobrivi<br />
validoba, romelic Semowmebis erT-erTi saxea, Sesrulebulia. sakvlevi<br />
instrumentis Sed<strong>ge</strong>naSi monawileobas iRebdnen saswavlo procesSi<br />
CarTuli mxareebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebi, maTi miTiTebebi da gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
rCevebi ki validobis aucilebeli pirobaa. kiTxvarSi gamoyenebuli skalis<br />
standartulobidan gamomdinare, misi validobis pirobac Sesrulebulia.<br />
yovelive es saSualebas gvaZlevs vamtkicoT, rom <strong>ge</strong>rmanul garemoSi<br />
Seqmnili kiTxvari validuria.<br />
morig jerze unda aRiniSnos, rom orive kiTxvari, erTi da igive<br />
profesiuli maxasiaTeblebis bazaze dayrdnobiT iqna Sed<strong>ge</strong>nili. ZiriTadi<br />
moTxovnebi maswavleblis mimarT rogorc qarTvel ise <strong>ge</strong>rmanel studentebs<br />
msgavsi aqvT, Tumca umniSvnelo gansxvaveba moTxovnebSi dafiqsirTa<br />
maswavleblis pirovnuli Tvisebebis kuTxiT, rac kulturul sxvaobas<br />
SeiZleba mivaweroT.<br />
amrigad, Catarebuli eqsperimentis Sedegad miviReT studentis mier<br />
maswavleblis Sefasebis kiTxvarebi, romelic iTvaliswinebs studentis<br />
dakveTebs maswavleblisadmi. qarTuli da <strong>ge</strong>rmanuli kiTxvarebis<br />
gamoyenebis aspeqtebi universitetebis administraciebma unda gansazRvron<br />
saWiroebis mixedviT.<br />
159
d a s k v n a<br />
1. umaRlesi skolis saqmianobis aRiarebis mTavar berketad msoflio<br />
saganmanaTleblo sivrce moiazrebs xarisxis kontrols, anu<br />
akreditacias. akreditacia gulisxmobs saganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebebis yvela rgolis saqmianobis xarisxis Sefasebas.<br />
amgvari Sefasebis, anu dawesebulebis saqmianobis aRiarebis gareSe,<br />
umaRlesi skolis kursdamTavrebuls ver gaexsneba gza ama Tu im<br />
qveynis samomxmareblo sferoebSi. ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi mimdinare reformebi swored am<br />
procesebiskenaa mimarTuli.<br />
2. umaRlesi saswavleblis uZiriTades rgols misi profesor-<br />
maswavleblebi da maTi saqmianoba warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. yvelasaTvis naTelia,<br />
rom maswavlebelia yovelgvari wesdebisa Tu gardaqmnis<br />
aRmsrulebeli, maswavlebelia is mTavari Zala, romelic warmarTavs<br />
swavla-aRzrdis urTules saqmes. Cveni naSromi, swored maswavleblis<br />
profesiuli saqmianobis Tanamedrove xedvis SemuSavebasa da misi<br />
Sefasebis sistemis Seqmnas eZRvneba. vfiqrobT, es saqme upirvelesi<br />
nabijia akreditaciisaTvis mzadebis procesSi.<br />
3. imisaTvis rom Segveqmna profesiuli saqmianobis Sefasebis sistema,<br />
aucilebeli iyo gangvesazRvra umaRlesi skolis mizani zogadad da<br />
am miznidan gamomdinare maswavleblis profesiuli funqciebi.<br />
istoriuli TvalTxedviT da Tanamedrove literaturis analiziT<br />
davadgineT, rom umaRlesi skola saswavlo-samecniero dawesebulebaa<br />
da maSasadame, umaRlesi skolis maswavlebels profesiulad evaleba<br />
pedagogiuri da samecniero muSaoba.<br />
4. arsebuli literaturisa da Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisad,<br />
SevecadeT mogveazrebina umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli<br />
saqmianobis Sefasebis sistema. CvenTvis am sistemaSi yvelaze metad<br />
mniSvnelovan rgols studentis mier maswavleblis Sefaseba<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. amdenad kvleva am mimarTulebiT gavagrZeleT.<br />
160
5. Sesabamisi literaturis Teoriuli analizisa da Cveni mosazrebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT SevqmeniT umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis<br />
profesiuli maxasiaTeblebi, moviazreT ra isini sami aspeqtis<br />
erTianobiT _ mecnieruli codna, meToduri momzadeba da pirovnuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebi.<br />
6. CavatareT profesiuli maxasiaTeblebis kvleva. jgufuri da<br />
individualuri muSaobiT movipoveT studentTa azri imis Sesaxeb, Tu<br />
rogori unda iyos umaRlesi skolis Tanamedrove maswavlebeli. amave<br />
dros movipoveT studentebisagan is uaryofiTi maxasiaTeblebi,<br />
romlebic samwuxarod Tsu-is universitetis Tanamedrove kadrs<br />
gaaCnia.<br />
7. SevajereT studentTa azri Cven mier Seqmnil Teoriul modelTan da<br />
SevadgineT umaRlesi skolis maswavleblis profesiuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebi (profesiograma), romlebic Teoriuli da empiriuli<br />
kvlevis Sedegad iqna mopovebuli.<br />
8. davamuSaveT saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi da Tsu-Si<br />
studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis arsebuli kiTxvarebi. qarTul<br />
realobasTan adaptaciis mizniT isini SevajereT Cven mier mopovebul<br />
profesiogramasa da maswavleblis uaryofiT maxasiaTeblebTan.<br />
Sedegad miviReT studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis kiTxvari,<br />
romelic SesabamisobaSia maswavleblis mimarT profesiul<br />
moTxovnebsa da studentur dakveTebTan.<br />
9. CavatareT kiTxvaris aprobacia iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis arapirvelkursel 200 studentze.<br />
daviTvaleT TiToeul kiTxvaze pasuxebis procentuli Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi.<br />
eqsperimentis Catarebis meTodikis sandoobidan gamomdinare, kiTxvarma<br />
umniSvnelo cvlilebebi ganicada.<br />
10. kiTxvaris Sed<strong>ge</strong>nis meTodika gadavamowmeT <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis qalaq<br />
zaarbrukenis, zaarlandis universitetis fsiqologiis mimarTulebaze.<br />
161
11. studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis kiTxvaris Sed<strong>ge</strong>nis<br />
meTodikisa da Tavad kiTxvaris saerTaSoriso doneze aprobaciis<br />
mizniT, Cven mier warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili kvlevis meqanizmi gadamowmebuli iqna<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaniis, kristian-albrextis kilis universitetis pedagogikis<br />
institutSi. kerZod, Catarebul iqna 2007-2008 wlis zamTris<br />
semestris pedagogikis institutSi mimdinare seminarebis (11 sagnis<br />
seminari, 7 pedagogi) evalvacia. saerTo jamSi gamokiTxul iqna 411<br />
studenti.<br />
12. nacionaluri Taviseburebis gasaTvaliswineblad, moZiebul iqna<br />
<strong>ge</strong>rmaneli studentebis mosazrebebi da moTxovnebi umaRlesi skolis<br />
maswavleblisadmi. Camoyalibebuli moTxovnebi SevajereT Cvens<br />
profesiul maxasiaTeblebTan.<br />
13. SevadgineT <strong>ge</strong>rmanuli realobis amsaxveli kiTxvari, CavatareT misi<br />
aprobacia. aprobaciis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis mixedviT SevitaneT Sesworebebi<br />
kiTxvarSi.<br />
14. miRebuli kiTxvariT semestris bolos gamovkiTxeT seminarebSi<br />
monawile yvela studenti. gamokiTxvam gviCvena, rom Cven mier<br />
miRebuli kiTxvaris yvela kiTxva muSaobs, anu kiTxvari validuria.<br />
15. amrigad, SevqmeniT studentis mier maswavleblis Sefasebis kiTxvari,<br />
e.w. `instrumenti~, romelic aprobirebulia ivane javaxiSvilis<br />
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetsa da <strong>ge</strong>rmaniis, kristian<br />
albrextis kilis universitetis pedagogikis institutSi. aRniSnuli<br />
kiTxvarebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia sakuTriv universitetebisa da<br />
akreditaciis samsaxurebis mier.<br />
162
163<br />
danarTi N1<br />
umaRlesi ganaTleba didi britaneTsa da CrdiloeT<br />
irlandiis gaerTianebul samefoSi<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis istoria<br />
didi britaneTisa da CrdiloeT irlandiis gaerTianebul samefoSi 12<br />
sul 90 universitetia (73 inglisSi, 13 SotlandiaSi, or-ori uelsSi da<br />
CrdiloeT irlandiaSi). qronologiurad universitetebi gaerTianebul<br />
samefoSi oTx nakadad daarsda. pirveli nakadi - oqsfordis da kembrijis<br />
universitetebi iyo, maT XI-XII saukuneebis mijnaze CaeyaraT safuZveli. XIX<br />
saukuneSi sawarmoo bazris moTxovnilebebis zrdam gamoiwvia meore nakadis,<br />
e.w. `wiTelaguriani universitetebis~ warmoqmna, romlebic industriuli<br />
bazris dargobrivi specialistebiT momara<strong>ge</strong>bas uzrunvelyofda. mesame<br />
nakadis universitetebi 1960 wels daarsda. aseTi universitetebis<br />
raodenobrivi mateba gamowveuli iyo ara mxolod bazarze specialistebis<br />
saWiroebiT, aramed sazogadoebis mzardi moTxovnebiT umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
mimarT. ukanaskneli, meoTxe nakadis universitetebi politeqnikur<br />
saswavleblebs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ndnen, romlebmac 1992 wels universitetis statusi<br />
moipoves. pirveli ori nakadis universitetebs samefo gankargulebis (Royal<br />
Charter) ZaliT CaeyaraT safuZveli, xolo Semdgomi ori parlamentis mier<br />
miRebul kanonmdeblobaze (Parliamentary Statute) dayrdnobiT ganviTarda.<br />
daarsebis safuZvlis miuxedavad, sauniversiteto debulebaSi da kanonSi<br />
nebismieri Sesworeba an damateba, Tavad universitetebis ward<strong>ge</strong>nis Semdeg,<br />
samefo xelisuflebis gankargulebiT, universitetis piradi sabWos mier<br />
xorcieldeba. yoveli universiteti Tavad gansazRvravs, romeli xarixi Tu<br />
kvalifikacia iqneba SeTavazebuli sazogadoebisaTvis.<br />
12 UK – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – didi britaneTisa da CrdiloeT<br />
irlandiis gaerTianebuli samefo, teqstSi moxseniebulia rogorc gaerTianebuli samefo<br />
(United Kingdom).
ogorc cnobilia, gaerTianebul samefoSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
miReba univesitetis garda sxva umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebaSic iyo<br />
SesaZlebeli, anu arsebobda umaRlesi ganaTlebis e.w. binarul sistema<br />
(Binary system). politeqnikuri saswavleblebis universitetebad gadakeTebam,<br />
gamoiwvia binaruli sistemis mospoba da umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSi,<br />
mxolod universitetebisgan Semdgari unificirebuli sistemis (Unified system)<br />
dafuZneba e.i. 1992 wlis cvlilebebma, umaRlesi ganaTlebis avtonomiuri<br />
sistema Camoayaliba. Seiqmna unificirebuli struqtura calkeuli<br />
damfinansebeli sabWoebiT inglisis, Sotlandiisa da uelsisaTvis. amasTan<br />
yvela universiteti, garda bukinhemis universitetisa, saxelmwifo<br />
dafinansebaze gadavida. 1992 wlis dad<strong>ge</strong>nileba - `Semdgomi da umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis Sesaxeb” (The Further and Higher Education Act 1992),<br />
inglissa da uelsSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis yvela dawesebulebas aZlevs<br />
uflebas Tavis dasaxelebaSi Seitanos sityva `universiteti”. es ufleba<br />
yvela politeqnikurma saswavlebelma gamoiyena. mxolod erTma _ Anglia<br />
Polytechnic University gadawyvita Tavis dasaxelebaSi SeenarCunebina sityva<br />
`politeqnikumi”. momavalSi, umaRlesi ganaTlebis axal dawesebulebebs<br />
dasaxelebis SerCevisas sityva `politeqnikumi” ar mieniWebaT. miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom UgaerTianebul samefoSi unificirebuli struqturaa,<br />
sauniversiteto seqtori (literaturuli wyaroebic), tradiciul<br />
universitetebsa da yofil politeqnikur saswavleblebTan mimarTebaSi,<br />
kvlav iyenebs sityvebs `Zveli~ da `axali universiteti~.<br />
`Zveli universitetebi~ universitetebad 1992 wlamde daarsdnen.<br />
sazogadod, `Zveli universitetebi~ ar awarmoeben profesiul treinin<strong>ge</strong>bs<br />
(Professional training), ar uSveben moklevadiani kursebiT profesiul kadrebs.<br />
Tumca, SemoTavazebulia profesiulad akreditebuli xarisxebis kursTa<br />
farTo arCevani, romlebic moicaven sainJinro, sabuhRaltro, maswavlebelTa<br />
treinin<strong>ge</strong>bs, samedicino, biblioTekaris da informaciul mecnierebaTa<br />
swavlebebs. profesiuli saqmianobis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis SezRudvebi,<br />
rogorc wesi, gamocdebis Cabarebis an profesiul organizaciaTa (iseTebi<br />
164
ogoricaa sazogadoebrivi finansebis da buhRalteriis instituti da<br />
legaluri ganaTlebis sabWo) akreditirebis Sedegad xdeba cnobili.<br />
`axali uniersitetebis~ umetesoba Zveli politeqnikuri<br />
saswavleblebia. es saswavleblebi Tavdapirvelad muSaTa klasis zogadi<br />
codnis, industriuli unarebis ganviTarebisaTvis daarsda. swavleba drois<br />
sruli (Full-time) an nawilobrivi (Part-time) datvirTviT mimdinareobda. maTi<br />
roli britaneTis da kanadis parlamentis qveda palatis (Parliament house of<br />
commons) mier 1966 wels miRebuli e.w. TeTri qaRaldis - `politeqnikumebisa<br />
da sxva kolejTa <strong>ge</strong>gma~ (White Paper, “A Plan for the Polytechnics and Other Colle<strong>ge</strong>s”)<br />
safuZvelze Seicvala. am dokumentSi politeqnikuri saswavleblebi,<br />
industriis biznesTan damakavSirebel, umaRlesi ganaTlebis regionalur<br />
centrebadaa moxseniebuli. 1988 wlis ganaTlebis reformis aqtma inglisSi<br />
politeqnikuri saswavleblebi, kolejebi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
dawesebulebebi, romlebic agreTve avtonomiurebi iyvnen, adgilobrivi<br />
ganaTlebis kontrols Camoacila. 1992 wlis kanonis ZaliT, dasaxelebaSi<br />
sityva `universitetis~ gamoyenebis ufleba, aseve sxva umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
dawesebulebebmac miiRes (mag. teqnologiurma institutebma).<br />
1969 wels, TiTqmis tradiciuli umaRlesi ganaTlebis msgavsi e.w. Ria<br />
universitetebi (Open University) daarsda. amJamad isini gaerTianebul samefoSi<br />
drois nawilobrivi datvirTvis xarisxebis (Part-time degrees) mTavari<br />
uzrunvelmyofi dawesebulebebia. es avtonomiuri dawesebulebebi, xarisxebs<br />
universitetebis msgavsad aniWeben. Tumca, sxva universitetebisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, maTi dafinanseba ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa departamentidan<br />
(DES) ufro didia, vidre umaRlesi ganaTlebis damfinansebeli sabWodan<br />
(HEFC). Ria universitetebis mier SemoTavazebuli programis tipebia:<br />
xarisxamdeli (Undergraduate), xarisxisSemdgomi (Postgraduate), uwyveti<br />
ganaTlebisa da `gamocdilebis Semdgomi~ kursebi (Continuing education and<br />
`Post experience~ courses). mesame tipis kursebi gankuTvnilia im studentTaTvis,<br />
romelTac ar surT xarisxamdelebad (Undergraduate) daregistrireba.<br />
165
aRniSnuli kursebi SeiZleba Seicavdnen modulebs, rogorc xarisxamdeli<br />
programebidan, aseve specialuri ganviTarebis moklevadian treinin<strong>ge</strong>bs. am<br />
sami ZiriTadi tipis ganaTlebasTan erTad, Ria universitetis mier<br />
zogierTi sadiplomo programacaa (Diploma courses) SemoTavazebuli.<br />
Ria universitetebSi, swavleba umetesad distanciurad mimdinareobs.<br />
gamoiyeneba satelevizio da radio mauwyebloba, audio Canawerebi da a.S.<br />
bevri kursis gasavlelad, studentebi valdebulni arian Caeweron<br />
sazafxulo skolaSi. mecadineobebi arCeuli universitetis teritoriaze,<br />
zafxulis ardade<strong>ge</strong>bis ganmavlobaSi tardeba. regularuli konsultasciebi<br />
ki, adgilobriv saswavlo centrebSi mimdinareobs.<br />
sauniversiteto ganaTlebis struqtura<br />
yvela dawesebuleba valdebulia kursTa farTo arCevani<br />
warmoadginos. universitetebma, ganurCevlad Tavdapirveli statusisa,<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis damfinansebeli sabWoebis (HEFC) mier warmod<strong>ge</strong>nil da<br />
CrdiloeT irlandiis ganaTlebis deparamentTan (DENI) SeTanxmebul 11<br />
kurikulumidan, 5-Si unda gadaanawilon studentebi. kursTa mravalferovani<br />
CamonaTvali xelmisawvdomia yovelwliur cnobarebSi (universitetebisa da<br />
kolejebSi Caricxvis servisi UCAS; gaerTianebul samefoTa universitetebi;<br />
britaneTis saelCo).<br />
yvela dawesebuleba, TiToeuli sagnis swavlebisaTvis saWiro<br />
saaTebis raodenobas gansazRvravs. studentebi zogierTi sagnis<br />
SeswavlisaTvis gankuTvnili drois ZiriTad nawils auditoriaSi atareben,<br />
zogierTi disciplina ki piriqiT, damoukidebel muSaobaze iTxovs didi<br />
drois xarjvas.<br />
akademiuri weli tradiciulad sam periodadaa dayofili, Tumca,<br />
weliwadSi 2 semestriani swavlebis modularuli sistema ufro sazogado<br />
xdeba. bevr dawesebulebaSi funqcionirebs kreditebis dagrovebis da<br />
gadatanis sqema (CAT), romlis mizania daexmaros studentebs Seqmnas<br />
166
swavlebis piradi programa xarisxis mopovebisaTvis. CAT-is farglebSi<br />
studentebs kreditebi ukve miRebuli ganaTlebis an samuSao gamocdilebis<br />
gamo SeiZleba mieniWoT. CAT-i xarisxis mopovebis saSualebas im<br />
studentebsac aZlevs, romelTac swavlebis grZelvadiani periodis arCeva<br />
ar SeuZliaT. dawesebulebebs aseve SeuZliaT CAT-is Tavsebadi adgilobrivi<br />
sqemis formireba, romelic students saSualebas miscems airCios<br />
dawesebulebis mier SeTavazebul kursTagan gansxvavebuli kursebi, magram<br />
ise, rom kreditebi CaeTvlebaT xarisxisaTvis mosapovelebl kreditTa<br />
raodenobaSi.<br />
dawesebulebebs aseve SeuZliaT SesTavazon da aarCevinon iseTi<br />
kursebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania adgilobrivi<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis. SeuZliaT SesTavazon drois nawilobrivi datvirTvis<br />
kursebi (part-time courses), romlebic samuSaosagan Tavisufal dros an<br />
saRamos saaTebSi profesiul winsvlas uzrunvelyofs an damokidebulia<br />
pirad interesze magaliTad <strong>ge</strong>ografiis, istoriis, enebis an literaturis<br />
klasebi.<br />
diplomebis da xarisxebis miniWeba<br />
universitetebSi Semdegi xarisxebis mopovebaa SesaZlebeli:<br />
done 1: umaRlesi ganaTlebis serTifikati<br />
done 2: sabaziso xarisxi, Cveulebrivi bakalavris xarisxi, umaRlesi<br />
nacionaluri diplomi, umaRlesi ganaTlebis diplomi.<br />
done 3: bakalavris sapatio xarisxebi, damamTavrebeli serTifikatebi<br />
da diplomebi<br />
done 4: magistris xarisxebi, xarisxisSemdgomi sertifikatebi da<br />
diplomebi.<br />
done 5: doqtoris xarisxi<br />
167
xarisxamdeli programebi<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis sertifikatebi<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis sertifikatebi (Certificates of Higher Education)<br />
gamiznulia imaTTvis, visac survili aqvT iswavlon drois nawilobrivi<br />
datvirTviT umaRlesi ganaTlebis doneze da ar eqnebaT grZelvadiani<br />
valdebulebebi drois nawilobrivi datvirTvis xarisxis (part-time degree)<br />
mosapoveblad. done 1-ze (xarisxamdeli (undergraduate) swavlis pirveli wlis<br />
eqvivalenti) Caricxva misaRebi moTxovnebebis gareSe xdeba. sertifikatis<br />
mosapoveblad studentebma universitetis mier gansazRvrul sagnebSi 120<br />
krediti unda moagrovon.<br />
umaRlesi nacionaluri diplomi<br />
umaRlesi nacionaluri diplomi (HND) studentebs umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis miRebis alternatiul gzas sTavazobs. am tipis swavleba,<br />
rogorc wesi ar aniWebs bakalavris xarisxs. swavlis xangrZlivoba 2 welia<br />
da viwro profesiul specializaciaze fokusirdeba. NHD-s warmatebiT<br />
dasruleba, momijnave xarisxis (related degree) meore kursze gadasvlis<br />
safuZvelia. zogierT saganSi SesaZlebelia erT weliwadSi Cveulebrivi<br />
xarisxis (Ordinary degree) mopoveba da SemdgomSi, drois nawilobrivi<br />
datvirTviT swavliT (Part-time study) misi konvertireba sapatio xarisxze<br />
(Honor degree).<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis diplomi<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis diplomi (DipHe) igivea rac HND, magram<br />
akreditirebul profesiul kvalifikacias warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. igi uzrunvelyofs<br />
iseT profesiebze miRebas rogoricaa eqTani da socialuri muSaki (HERO<br />
2003){54}. umaRlesi ganaTlebis diplomi Seiqmna 1972 wels rogorc orwliani<br />
kursi universitetSi, politeqnikur saswavleblebsa da kolejebSi. DipHe<br />
diplomi `inteleqtualurad ara nakleb aRiarebuli~ iyo vidre xarisxis<br />
mimniWebeli kursis pirveli ori wlis swavleba. 1972 wlis dokumentis e.w.<br />
`TeTri qaRaldi, ganaTleba~ (White paper, Education) safuZvelze, skolebis da<br />
kolejebis damamTavrebeli kursis studentebs mxolod muSaobisa da drois<br />
168
nawilobrivi datvirTviT swavlis, an aranakleb sam wlian kursze<br />
daswrebis arCevanis saSualeba hqondaT. yvela specifikur profesiul<br />
sferoSi mxolod SezRuduli diapazonis, orwliani kursebi iyo daSvebuli.<br />
mas Semdeg araferi Secvlila. 1972 wlis TeTrma qaRaldma, umaRles<br />
ganaTlebaSi sakmarisi moqnilobis misaRwevad, axali kursebi, `kritikuli<br />
elementis” saxiT warmoadgina. miuxedavad amisa DipHE didi popularobiT<br />
studentebSic ar sar<strong>ge</strong>blobda. universitetebSi specialobebi zereled<br />
aisaxa, politeqnikur saswavleblebSi da kolejebSi ki DipHE Tavisuflad<br />
mdgom (“free-standing”) kursebs arasodes gadauWarbebia 4000-Tvis<br />
(SedarebisaTvis 1990 wels pirveli xarisxis 250000-ze meti kursi iyo).<br />
sabaziso xarisxebi<br />
2000 wlis TebervalSi Statis sabWom, gankargulebis saxiT qveyanas<br />
e.w. sabaziso xarisxebi (Foundation degrees) SesTavaza. aRniSnuli xarisxi<br />
ZalaSi 2001 wlis seqtemberSi Sevida. sabaziso xarisxi umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis diplomis msgavsia. am kursebis mizani, 1972 wlis darad,<br />
resursebSi savaraudo Cavardnebis amovseba, teqnikuri donis kvalifikaciis<br />
mqone adamianebis naklebobis aRmofxvra da damqiraveblisaTvis saWiro<br />
unar-Cvevebis mqone kadriT uzrunvelyofa iyo. aRsaniSnavia rom, TeTr<br />
qaRaldSi e.w. `iaf Canacvlebad~ moxseniebuli saxelwodebisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, sabaziso xarisxebis kursebma Tavad daimkvidres sakuTari<br />
poziciebi da saxeli. Tumca SeTavazebul kursebs Soris arsebobs<br />
gansxvavebebi. sabaziso xarisxebi mxolod profesiuli miznebisaTvisaa<br />
gansazRvruli. saministro, xarisxebSi im ZiriTadi unarebis da codnis<br />
aucileblobiT CarTvas moiTxovs, romelic SesaZleblobas aZlevs<br />
kursdamTavrebulebs Seitanon `sruli potenciali SromiTi bazris yvela<br />
seqtorSi”, ise, rom daakmayofilon damqiraveblis moTxovnebi. (Pratt THES<br />
2000). amgvarad, es xarisxebi, damqiraveblebis uSualo dakveTis Sedegadaa<br />
warmoqmnili. rac Seexeba am xarisxebis instituciur uzrunvelyofas igi<br />
ganviTarda xarisxis mimniWebeli umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis,<br />
169
Semdgomi ganaTlebis kolejebis partniorobiT da inglisis umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis damfinansebeli sabWos, uelsis nacionaluri ansambleis da<br />
CrdiloeT irlandiis ganaTlebisa da swavlebis departamentebis<br />
mxardaWeriT. xarisxebi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis dasaxmareblad<br />
Seiqmna, raTa gaaRrmavon urTierToba umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
dawesebulebebTan da da<strong>ge</strong>gmon swavleba cxovrebis manzilze (LLL-Lifelong<br />
learning). maT farglebSi xelmisawvdomia gamoyenebad saganTa sfero, iseTi<br />
rogoricaa internet gaTvlebi, swavlebis mxadaWera, stumarTmoyvareoba,<br />
Tavisufali dro da turizmi. sabaziso xarisxebis mopoveba SesaZlebelia<br />
orwlian drois sruli darvirTviT swavlis an drois nawilobrivi<br />
datvirTviT misi eqvivalentis gavlis Semdeg. sabaziso xarisxebi pirveli<br />
xarisxis SesaZlo alternativad ganixileba.<br />
pirveli xarisxebi<br />
pirveli xarisxebi (First degrees) moicavs tradiciul pirvel xarisxebs,<br />
kvalificirebuli maswavleblis statusis pirveli xarisxs, romelic<br />
registrirebulia Sotlandiis mTavar saswavlo sabWoSi, sapatio pirvel<br />
xarisxebs da diplomTan konkurentunarian pirvel xarisxebs. tradiciul<br />
pirvel xarisxTagan yvelaze gavrcelebulia xelovnebis bakalavrisa<br />
(Bachelor of Art) da mecnierebis bakalavris (Bachelor of Science) xarisxebi.<br />
pirveli xarisxebi ZiriTadad samwliani programebia. gamonakliss<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen: enis kursebi (sazRvargareT erTwliani xangrZlivobiT),<br />
gaZlierebuli inJineriis, medicinis, arqiteqturis, damwyeb maswavleblelTa<br />
daxelovnebis sapatio (Honours B.Ed), da samrewvelo treinin<strong>ge</strong>biT Sed<strong>ge</strong>nili<br />
(e.w. “sandwich courses”) kursebi. amave dros kiilis da Sotlandiis<br />
universitetebis pirveli xarisxis programebi umTavresad oTxwliania.<br />
xarisxamdeli programebi SeiZleba sxvadasxva doneze dasruldes.<br />
umdablesi done - bakalavri `CaeTvala” (Bachelor pass degree) da umaRlesi<br />
bakalavris pirveli klasis sapatio xarisxia (Bachelor first-class honours degree).<br />
sapatio bakalavris xarisxi SesaZlebelia sam kategoriad daiyos: sapatio<br />
170
pirveli, meore da mesame klasis xarisxebi, TiToeulSi gamoyofilia i da ii<br />
doneebi. gansxvaveba sapatio xarisxebsa da Cveulebriv xarisxebs Soris<br />
damokidebulia swavlebis datvirTvaze: Cveulebrivi xarisxis (Ordinary degree)<br />
mosapoveblad yvelaze naklebi raodenobis kredit qulaa savaldebulo.<br />
zogierT dawesebulebaSi gaZlierebuli orwliani xarisxebi arsebobs,<br />
sadac swavleba ardade<strong>ge</strong>bis periodSic mimdinareobs. amJamad TiTqmis ar<br />
arsebobs kursi, romlis gavlis Semdeg, xarisxi mxolod saboloo<br />
gamocdebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>biT mieniWeba.<br />
pirveli xarisxi mecnierebis (B.Sc) an xelovnebis bakalavria (BA).<br />
xandaxan xdeba specialuri kvalifikaciebis miniWeba bakalavris xarisxze<br />
inJineriaSi (B.Eng) da ganaTlebaSi B.Ed. xarisxamdeli programis<br />
dasrulebis Semdeg swavla SesaZlebelia gagrZeldes sami gansxvavebuli<br />
kvalifikaciis programiT: xarisxisSemdgomi diplomebi da sertifikatebi,<br />
magistris xarisxebi da doqtoris xarisxebi.<br />
xarisxisSemdgomi programebi<br />
xarisxisSemdgomi (Post graduate) kvalifikaciis mopoveba SesaZlebela<br />
saswavlo kursis warmatebiT dasrulebis, individualuri kvlevis an maTi<br />
kombinaciis Sedegad. misi miniWeba magistris da doqtoris xarisxis<br />
doneebze xdeba. universitetebma SesaZloa sapatio umaRlesi xarisxi<br />
(xSirad doqtoris xarisxi) akademiur an sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi<br />
warCinebul pirebs an im adamianebs mianiWon, visac RirSesaniSnavi<br />
Sewiruloba gaukeTebia universitetisa an adgilobrivi sazogadoebisaTvis.<br />
magistris xarisxebi<br />
xarisxisSemdgomi kvalifikaciebi moicavs doqtoris, magistris,<br />
umaRlesi bakalavris sapatio xarisxebs (Higher Bachelor degrees with honours) da<br />
xarisxisSemdgom sertifikatebs ganaTlebaSi (PGCE). xarisxisSemdgomi<br />
sertifikatebsa an xarisxisSemdgom diplomis programebze, codnis<br />
171
gafarToebis mizniT, ZiriTadad, erT disciplinaSi xarisxis mflobeli<br />
studentebi daiSvebian. swavlebis xangrZlivoba Cveulebriv erTi welia.<br />
magistris xarisxis miniWeba, bakalavris xarisxis momdevno erTi an<br />
ori wlis swavlebis Semdeg xdeba. magistris xarisxi, rogorc wesi, erTi<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi drois sruli datvirTviT (full-time) swavlas, an ufro<br />
xSirad 2 wlis drois nawilobrivi datvirTvis (part-time) eqvivalents<br />
moiTxovs. gamonaklisebia kembrijis da oqsfordis universitetebi, sadac<br />
xelovnebis magistris xarisxi simwifis da ara damatebiTi akademiuri<br />
miRwevis indikatoria. am universitetebis kursdamTavrebulebs (specialobis<br />
miuxedavad BA-s mflobelebi) gamocdebis gareSe, Tanxis gadaxdis Semdeg<br />
MA-ze Sesvlis ufleba aqvT.<br />
ZiriTadi xarisxebi magistraturaSi, romlebic miRweulia saswavlo<br />
kursis warmatebiT dasrulebis, individualuri kvlevis an maTi kombinaciis<br />
Sedegad, aris xelovnebis magistri MA, mecnierebis magistri MSc, biznes<br />
administrirebis magistri MBA, ganaTlebis magistri MEd, socialuri<br />
muSakis magistri MSW, musikalur xelovnebaTa magistri AMusM, samedicino<br />
mecnierebaTa magistri MMedSci da filosofiis magistri MPhil.<br />
doqtoris xarisxi<br />
doqtoris xarisxi aris xarisxisSemdgomi wodeba, romelic mieniWeba<br />
Tezisebisa an esseebisaTvis. doqtoris Tezisi daaxloebiT 60000-80000<br />
sityvisagan Semdgari naSromia, romelSic didi mniSvneloba warmod<strong>ge</strong>nil<br />
informacias eniWeba. bevri studenti am xarisxisTvis drois nawilobrivi<br />
datvirTviT swavlobs. miniWebadi xarisxi, rogorc wesi aris PhD, zogierT<br />
universitetSi `Phil~ kvlevis an swavlebis sferos miuxedavad eniWebaT.<br />
gamonaklisi zogierTi specializirebuli, magaliTad musikaluri<br />
xelovnebis doqtoris AMusD xarisxia. studentebs, doqtoris wodebis<br />
mopovebisaTvis, 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi drois sruli datvirTviT kvlevis<br />
warmoebisaTvis saWiro honoraris moTxovnis ufleba aqvT.<br />
172
`senior doqtorebs~ aseve SeiZleba mieniWoT stipendia gamoqveynebuli<br />
naSromis aRiarebis Semdeg. senior doqtoris wodeba Cveulebriv, PhD<br />
wodebaze metad gamoxatavs mflobelis interesis sferos. magaliTad,<br />
literaturis DLitt da mecnierebis doqtoris DSc wodebebi.<br />
ganaTlebis alternatiuli tipebi<br />
gaerTianebul samefoSi sauniversiteto seqtoris garda, arsebobs<br />
saswavlo dawesebulebebi, romlebic garkveul SemTxvevebSi Tavad gadadian<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis seqtorSi da studentebs umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
miRebis saSualebas aZleven.<br />
Semdgomi ganaTleba<br />
saSualo ganaTlebis Semdeg umaRles ganaTlebamde misasvleli<br />
ramodenime alternatiuli gza arsebobs. aRniSnuli rgoli, rogorc wesi<br />
Semdgom ganaTlebad (Further Education) moixsenieba. inglissa da uelsSi<br />
Semdgomi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebs miekuTvneba Semdgomi ganaTlebis<br />
kolejebi, zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis centrebi, meeqvse-klasis kolejebi da<br />
Ria kolejebi da zrdasrulTa ganaTleba (Open colle<strong>ge</strong> and adult education).<br />
Semdgomi ganaTlebis kolejebi<br />
dawesebulebaTa tipi, romelic awarmoebs Semdgom ganaTlebas<br />
inglissa da uelsSi moicavs e.w `Semdgomi ganaTlebis~ kolejebs (Further<br />
education Colle<strong>ge</strong>s), meeqvse-klasis kolejebs (Six-form Colle<strong>ge</strong>s) 13 da zrdasrulTa<br />
ganaTlebis centrebs (Adult education Centres). CrdiloeT irlandiaSi ki,<br />
mxolod `Semdgomi ganaTlebis~ kolejebia. Semdgom ganaTlebaSi ar<br />
arsebobs raime dad<strong>ge</strong>nili swavlebis wesi. studentebs SeuZliaT airCion<br />
13 sixth-form colle<strong>ge</strong> – mosamzadebeli koleji - saSualo ganaTlebis, kerZo an saxelmwifo<br />
dawesebuleba 16 wels miRweuli axalgazrdebisaTvis, romelic moswavleebs meeqvse klasis<br />
gafarToebuli programiT amzadebs.<br />
sixth form - meeqvse klasi- bolo ori an sami damamTavrebeli klasi, saSualo (public school) an<br />
klasikur(gramatikul) skolaSi (grammar school).<br />
173
zogadi da dargobrivi kursebi (vocational courses) an maTi kombinacia. Tumca,<br />
tradiciulad, Semdgomi ganaTlebis kursebi dargobriv ganaTlebis<br />
treinin<strong>ge</strong>bs atareben, radgan meeqvse-klasis kolejebi, rogorc wesi,<br />
mxolod zogadi ganaTlebis sagnebs sTavazoben studentebs.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis kolejebi da dawesebulebebi, adreuli<br />
maswavlebelTa momzadebis kolejebis (Teacher–training colle<strong>ge</strong>s) da sxva<br />
uwyebaTa Serwymis TiTqmis srulyofili Sedegia. am dawesebulebebis<br />
tendencia dargobrivi mimarTulebis programebis Seqmnaa. mravali maTganis<br />
ZiriTadi saqmianoba maswavlebelTa momzadebaa, Tumca amis miuxedavad,<br />
sferoTa farTo arCevans sTavazoben studentebs, maT Soris xelovnebas,<br />
dramas da teqnologias. kolejebs SeuZliaT SesTavazon kursebi, romelTa<br />
saSualebiTac studentebi moipoveben xarisxebs, xarisxisSemdgom (postgraduate)<br />
kvalifikaciebs, profesiul da dargobriv kvalifikaciebs, umaRles<br />
ganaTlebis diplomebs. miniWebadi xarisxebi Tavis mxriv SeTanxmebuli unda<br />
iyos universitetebTan an ganaTlebis mmarTvel organoebTan.<br />
Semdgomi ganaTlebis koleji uzrunvelyofs drois sruli (full-time) an<br />
nawilobrivi (part-time) datvirTviT swavlebas studentebisaTvis, romelTa<br />
asaki aucileblad aRemateba skolis damTavrebis asaks (16 weli). Semdgomi<br />
ganaTlebis kolejebi tradiciulad dargobrivi tipis kursebs awarmoeben,<br />
magram amJamad maTi umetesoba akademiur kursebsac sTavazobs studentebs.<br />
Semdgomi ganaTlebis kolejTa umetesoba specializirebulia inJineriaSi,<br />
soflis meurneobaSi, saxviT xelovnebasa an maswavlebelTa momzadebaSi.<br />
aseve arsebobs zogierTi koleji, romelic biznesis, arqiteqturasa da sxva<br />
sferoebis swavlebaze arian fokusirebuli. CrdiloeT irlandiaSi arsebobs<br />
nawilobrivi droiT datvirTvis kursebi zrdasrulTaTvis. yvela kursSi,<br />
nacionaluri gamocdebisa da misaRebi kontin<strong>ge</strong>ntis raodenoba<br />
gansazRvrulia e.w. nacionaluri SeTanxmebiT. swavlebis mimarTuleba da<br />
datvirTvis dro Tavad kursis tipzea damokidebuli.<br />
Semdgomi ganaTlebis kolejebs sakuTari xarisxis miniWebis uflebis<br />
mosapoveblad SeuZliaT mmarTvel dawesebulebebs an pirebs mimarTon.<br />
174
amasTan aucileblobiT unda warmoadginon universitetis mier damowmebuli,<br />
mimdinare kursebis kompetenturi angariSi. kolejebs aseve SeuZliaT<br />
universitetis statusi moiTxovon. statusis mosapoveblad isini garkveul<br />
kriteriumebs unda akmayofilebdnen, maT Soris, SeTavazebuli pirveli da<br />
umaRlesi xarisxebis Sesabamis statuss dasaqmebis bazarze. Semdgomi da<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis 1992 wlis aqti (The Further and Higher Education Act 1992)<br />
Semdgomi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebs uflebas aZlevs gadavides umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis seqtorSi, Tuki studentTa mier arCeul kursTa saerTo<br />
raodenobis 55%-ze meti umaRlesi ganaTlebis kursebia.<br />
meeqvse-klasis kolejebi<br />
meeqvse-klasis kolejebi (Sixth-form colle<strong>ge</strong>s), mxolod inglisisa da<br />
uelsisSi eqvemdebareba skolis wesebs. sruli droiT datvirTvis<br />
akademiur kursebs kolejebi im studentebs sTavazoben, romlebmac<br />
gadaaWarbes skolis damTavrebis asaks. mas Semdeg, rac Semdgomi da<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis 1992 wlis aqtma meeqvse-klasis kolejebic miakuTvna<br />
Semdgomi ganaTlebis seqtors, maT Semdgomi ganaTlebis kursebis<br />
SeTavazebis uflebac aqvT, drois rogorc sruli, aseve nawilobrivi<br />
datvirTviT. Semdgomi da zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis dawesebulebebSi,<br />
oficialurad ar arsebobs misaRebi wesebi, Tumca zogierT kursze<br />
mosaxvedrad specialuri moTxovnebis dakmayofilebaa saWiro. bevrma<br />
kolejma SemoiRo specialuri misaRebi kursebi im adamianebisaTvis, visac<br />
ar gaaCnia akademiuri kvalifikacia.<br />
Ria kolejebi da zrdasrulTa ganaTleba<br />
Ria kolejebi (Open Colle<strong>ge</strong>s), romlebmac kursebis SeTavazeba 1987<br />
wlidan daiwyes, damoukidebeli dawesebulebebia da Tavdapirvelad<br />
saxelmwifos mier finansdebodnen. maTi mizani dargobriv sagnebSi,<br />
gansxvavebul doneze Ria swavlebis kursebis warmoebaa. kursis mizani<br />
aucileblobiT ar gulisxmobs nacionaluri kvalifikaciis aRiarebas, misi<br />
175
ZiriTadi mizani adamianebis codnis da unarebis ganaxleba-gaRrmavebaa. Ria<br />
teqnikuri programebi i<strong>ge</strong>gmeba kadrebis servisis komisiis (MSC) mier. maTi<br />
mizani, advilad aRqmadi meTodebis saSualebiT, uSualod firmis SigniT an<br />
firmaTa, kolejTa da sxva saa<strong>ge</strong>ntoTa urTierTanamSromlobis gziT,<br />
treinin<strong>ge</strong>bis srulyofa-ganviTarebaa. 1987 wels daarsebuli xelovnebis<br />
koleji, adamianebs saxlidan gausvlelad, xelovnebis Seswavlis<br />
saSualebas aZlevs. is TiTqmis iseve funqcionirebs rogorc Ria<br />
universiteti, magram saxelmwifos mier ar finansdeba (Sewirulobebsa da<br />
donor organizaciebzea damokidebuli).<br />
zrdasrulTa ganaTleba (Adult Education) xSirad gansazRvrulia rogorc<br />
ganaTleba, romelic moicavs universitetebis da kolejebis zrdasrul<br />
studentTa umaRles ganaTlebas. am ga<strong>ge</strong>biT, Ria universitetebis (Open<br />
University) muSaoba aRiricxeba rogorc zrdasrulTa ganaTleba, iseve<br />
rogorc universitetebis da kolejebis nawilobrivi drois datvirTvis<br />
kursebis umetesoba. aseve arsebobs ganaTleba, romelic uSualod<br />
zrdasrulebze fokusirdeba.<br />
zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis centrebi adgilobrivi ganaTlebis<br />
mmarTvelobas (LEA) eqvemdebareba. 1988 wlis ganaTlebis reformis aqtma<br />
adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis centrebs mianiWa ufleba Tavad SeedginaT am<br />
dawesebulebaTa adgilobrivi menejmentis sqemebi, romelTa Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi, Tavis<br />
mxriv, saxelmwifo struqturis menejmentis mimarTulebebs daeqvemdebareba.<br />
zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis centrebSi, LEA-as yoveldRiur menejmenti<br />
ufrosebsa an direqtorebs evalebaT. LEA-a uSedegod cdilobs<br />
zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis centrebSi, biujetis da kadrebis marTvis<br />
sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo struqturebis CarTvas. zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis<br />
centrebi, iseve rogorc Semdgomi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis seqtori<br />
(FEFC), SeiZleba organizebuli iyos saxelmwifoebrivi xaziT. centrebi,<br />
rogorc wesi erTi administraciuli organosagan da teritoriulad<br />
sxvadasxva adgilze ganla<strong>ge</strong>buli saswavlo obieqtisagan Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba. zogierTi<br />
centri skolis teritoriaze, saRamos saaTebSi funqcionirebs. amgvar<br />
176
centrebSi personalis mcire raodenoba drois sruli datvirTviT muSaobs<br />
da drois nawilobrivi datvirTviT momuSave mravalricxovan<br />
TanamSromelTa saqmianobas uwevs koordinirebas. miuxedavad yovelive amisa,<br />
zrdasrulTa ganaTlebis organizeba didadaa damokidebuli LEA-ze.<br />
umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebaSi Caricxvis pirobebi<br />
gaerTianebuli samefos umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema evropaSi erT-<br />
erTi yvelaze arCevadia. SedarebisaTvis 2000 wels, kandidatTa daaxloebiT<br />
25%-s uari eTqvaT miRebaze. arsebobs centraluri saa<strong>ge</strong>nto, romelic<br />
koordinirebs TiTqmis yvela, drois sruli datvirTvis (full-time)<br />
sauniversiteto programebze miRebis procedurebs (universitetTa da<br />
kolejTa miRebis servisi, UCAS). UCAS arsebobis miuxedavad, universitetebi<br />
Tavad arCeven studentebs. universitetebi ar arian valdebulni axsnan<br />
miRebis an uaris Tqmis mizezebi.<br />
CaricxvisaTvis saWiro kvalifikaciebi<br />
xarisxis mosapovebel kursze Casaricxad saWiro tradiciuli<br />
kvalifikaciebia: ori an sami maRali donis zogadi ganaTlebis sertifikati<br />
(General Certificate of Education Advanced level GCE A-Level), an saSualo ganaTlebis<br />
sertifikatis (GCSE) minimaluri raodenoba aranakleb C SefasebiT. amgvari<br />
moTxovnebi, miRebis yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli formaa, gansakuTrebiT<br />
drois sruli datvirTvis xarisxamdel studentTa SerCevisas. studentebs<br />
gansxvavebul kvalifikaciaTa mimniWebeli saganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebebic iReben. maT mier SeTavazebilia iseTi kvalifikaciebi,<br />
rogoricaa maRali donis saganmanaTleblo dargobrivi sertifikati (VCE A-<br />
level), BTRC nacionalur sertifikati, internacionalur bakalavriati da<br />
sxva. realurad, vinaidan miRebaze didi konkursia, dawesebulebaTa<br />
177
umetesobas SeTavazebuli xarisxebis doneebi minimumamde dayavT. misaRebi<br />
moTxovnebi gamoixateba sagnebSi CaTvlaTa raodenobis an niSanTa<br />
saSualebiTac. magaliTisaTvis universitetis samedicino departamenti,<br />
rogorc wesi, specialur saganebSi sam A donis A CaTvlas (A level passes A<br />
grade) an or A donis A da erT B doneze Cabarebul CaTvlas iTxovs.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis doneze gamsvlel qulaTa raodenobis<br />
aRsaricxad `UCAS axalma tarifma~ (UCAS Tariff) SeimuSava qulaTa sistema,<br />
romelic 2002 wlidan gamoiyeneba. igi mor<strong>ge</strong>bulia kvalifikaciaTa did<br />
raodenobaze da Seesabameba Sotlandiis kvalifikaciebsac.<br />
bevri dawesebuleba ganacxadebs im zrdasruli kandidatebisaganac<br />
iRebs, romelTac aqvT Sesabamisi gamocdileba, magram formaluri<br />
kvalifikacia ar gaaCniaT. sul ufro meti universiteti atarebs kursebs<br />
modularuli an drois nawilobrivi datvirTviT, aniWebs kreditebs ukve<br />
miRebuli ganaTlebis, samuSao gamocdilebis an sxva gamocdilebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT (Accreditation of Prior Learning APL an Accreditation of Prior Experiential<br />
Learning APEL).<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebaSi Caricxva misaRebi kursebis<br />
(Access courses) saSualebiTacaa SesaZlebeli. amgvari kursebi farTod<br />
gamoiyeneba Semdgomi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebSi. isini studentebs<br />
akademiuri kvalifikaciis gareSe, umaRlesi ganaTlebis doneze moxvedris<br />
saSualebas aZleven. kursebi ZiriTadad zrdasruli studentebisaTvisaa<br />
gankuTvnili. amgvar kursebs, garkveul SemTxvevebSi, garantirebulad<br />
SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon specialur xarisxamdel kursze moxvedra.<br />
specialuri moTxovnebia dawesebuli damwyeb maswavlebelTa trein<strong>ge</strong>bze<br />
misaRebadac.<br />
studentebi umaRlesi ganaTlebis kursebze leqciebs inglisurad<br />
ismenen, Sesrulebul Sromebsa da gamocdebs gamarTul inglisur enaze<br />
abareben. uelsis universitetebi da ramodenime sxva dawesebuleba, zogierT<br />
kurss saSualo sirTulis uelsis enaze atareben. studentebic davalebebsa<br />
da gamocdebs Sesabamisad, imave enaze abareben.<br />
178
Tuki misaReb kandidatTa ricxvi, aWarbebs Sesavseb adgilTa<br />
raodenobas, rac xSirad xdeba mraval disciplinaSi, dawesebulebebs<br />
damatebiTi misaRebi kriteriumebis Semotana SeuZliaT:<br />
- minimaluri standartebis garda gamocdaze damatebiTi Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi;<br />
- maswavlebelTa rekomendaciebi;<br />
- piradi argumentebi da motivacia;<br />
- interviu (mxolod kembrijis universitetSi).<br />
ucxoeli studentebisaTvis situacia sxvagvaria, Zalian xSirad<br />
ucxouri skolis damamTavrebeli serTifikati ar Seesabameba britanul<br />
dawesebulebaTa misaReb moTxovnebs. nacionaluri akademiuri aRiarebis<br />
sainformacio centri (NARIC) amowmebs, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba ucxoeli<br />
studentis kvalifikacia britaneTis misaReb moTxovnebs. damatebiT,<br />
studentebs urCeven moismion inglisuri enis leqciebi da warmoadginon<br />
Sroma, Caabaron gamocdebi inglisur enaze. uelsis universitetebi da<br />
zogierTi sxva dawesebuleba uelsSi studentebs saSualo sirTulis<br />
uelsuri enis kursebs sTavazoben, romlis gavlis Semdegac studentebma<br />
unda warmoadginon Sesrulebuli Sroma da Caabaron gamocda.<br />
Caricxvis procedurebi da moTxovnebi<br />
maT visac umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis survili aqvT, erTi wliT<br />
adre (oqtomberSi) unda Seavson e.w. `misaRebi forma~. msurvelebs<br />
yovelgvari prioritetis gareSe, SeuZliaT miuTiTon maqsimum rva pozicia<br />
(dawesebulebaTa da programaTa CamonaTvali). UCAS Segrovebul formebs<br />
Sesabamis saswavlo dawesebulebebs ugzavnis. dawesebuleba ganacxadebs,<br />
sakuTari mosazrebiT aZlevs Sefasebas. aprilSi, UCAS-i abiturient-<br />
studentebs dawesebulebebis gadawyvetilebas atyobinebs. am droisaTvis<br />
studentebs jer saboloo gamocdebi Cabarebuli ara aqvT. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare dawesebulebis mier studentis miReba pirobiTia, rac niSnavs,<br />
rom winadadeba ZalaSi Seva, Tu kandidati gamocdebze mopovebuli<br />
Sede<strong>ge</strong>biT daakmayofilebs wayenebul moTxovnebs. mas Semdeg rac<br />
179
studentebi dawesebulebis misaReb pirobebs gaecnobian, moqmedeben<br />
oficialurad da SeTavazebul adgilTagan maqsimum ori programas irCeven.<br />
rogorc wesi, pirveli programis SerCeva <strong>ge</strong>movnebis mixedviT xdeba. meore<br />
programis SerCevas, pirvelTan SedarebiT dabali konkursi ganapirobebs.<br />
aRniSnuli proceduris gamo, UCAS-s saSualebiT studenti siaSi sxva<br />
dawesebulebas ver Seitans. UCAS dawesebulebebs studentebis arCevansa da<br />
gamocdebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs atyobinebs. Tuki abiturienti daakmayofilebs<br />
wayenebul misaReb moTxovnebs, universiteti valdebulia daamowmos<br />
saswavlo adgili dakaveba. Tuki kandidati ver akmayofilebs moTxovnebs,<br />
mas Caricxvis Sansi, Tavisufali adgilis darCenis SemTxvevaSi aqvs. maT<br />
vinc ver daakmayofiles miTiTebul or programaze miRebis kriteriumebi,<br />
magram daakmayofiles umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebi kriteriumebis minimumi,<br />
SeuZliaT monawileoba miiRon Tavisufal darCenil adgilTa gadanawilebis<br />
proceduraSi e.w. garkvevis sqema (Clearing Scheme), romelic seqtemberSi<br />
tardeba. garkvevis proceduraSi monawileobis miReba SeuZliaT im<br />
kandidatebsac, romlebmac TavianTi formebi miRebis bolo etapze<br />
gadaagzavnes. vakanturi adgilebi UCAS-s mier qveyndeba da amis Semdeg<br />
studentebi da dawesebulebebi pirdapir SeiZleba daukavSirdnen erTmaneTs.<br />
saswavlo adgilis mosapoveblad, TiTqmis yvela kandidatma UCAS-s<br />
proceduraSi unda miiRos monawileoba. vinaidan dawesebulebebi ar arian<br />
valdebulni ganmarton uaris Tqmis mizezi an miRebis pirobebi zogierTi<br />
studentisaTvis, praqtikulad uSedegoa Caricxvis Sedegis gaprotesteba.<br />
rac Seexeba xarisxisSemdgom (Postgraduate) swavlebaze Caricxvis<br />
procedurebs, aq mkacrad gansazRvruli wesi an moTxovnebi ar arsebobs.<br />
TiToeul universitets amasTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari mosazreba gaaCnia.<br />
aRniSnuli swavlebis kursis gavlisaTvis upriania Tavad saswavlo<br />
dawesebulebasTan kontaqtis damyareba.<br />
180
Sotlandiis, uelsis da CrdiloeT irlandiis umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
dawesebulebebSi Casarcxvis pirobebi<br />
CrdiloeT irlandiaSi, ulsteris universitetis `magi~ kolejSi<br />
(axlandeli ulsteris universiteti) misaRebi pirobebi pirvelad 1973 wels,<br />
zrdasrul studentTa sabaziso swavlebis sertifikatis (Certificate in<br />
Foundation Studies for Mature Students) saxiT SemoiRes. dedoflis universitetma<br />
besfastSi, misaRebi moTxovnebi, Semdgomi ganaTlebis kolejSi, 1989 wels<br />
SemoiRo. 1992 wlis axalma wesebma, kursis axali moTxovnebi da sabaziso<br />
swavlebis sertifikatis miniWebis pirobebi daadgina.<br />
1989 wels uelsis umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebma, uelsis<br />
saqmeTa saministrosTan (Welsh Office) erTad uelsis misaRebi ganyofileba<br />
(WAU) Seqmnes. misaReb programaTa xarisxis sakontroleblad Seiqmna<br />
uflebamosili saa<strong>ge</strong>ntoebi (AVA). gansxvavebuli tipis bevrma saswavlo<br />
dawesebulebam (rogoricaa Semdgmi ganaTlebis kolejebi, LEA,<br />
saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebebi, zogierTi profesiuli gaerTianeba,<br />
mewarmeebi da a.S.) erToblivad, rogorc miRebis da kreditebis<br />
konsorciumis Semad<strong>ge</strong>nelma nawilma imuSava. Sedegad, 1996-97 wlebSi yvela<br />
misaRebi programa modularul da sakredito sistemaze gadavida.<br />
Sotlandiis misaRebi programebi gaerTianebili samefos wesebisgan<br />
damoukideblad ganviTarda. arsebobs miRebis ori ZiriTadi tipi:<br />
1. programebi, romlebsac sTavazoben umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
dawesebulebebi da<br />
2. programebi, romlebic mimdinareoben saganmanaTleblo<br />
mmarTveli organoebis xelSewyobiT.<br />
pirveli tipis programebi, UACE-s xarisxis marTvis mimarTulebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, Sida xarisxis Sefasebas eqvemdebareba. misaRebi kursebis<br />
nawili `specialuri misaRebi sazafxulo skolebis~ saxiTaa warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili.<br />
skolebi socialurad dabal fenasTan urTierToben. meore tipis programebi<br />
1988 wels, Sotlandiis gafarToebuli miRebis programis (SWAP)<br />
saxelwodebiT, Sotlandiis ganaTlebis ofisis da industriuli<br />
181
departamendis xelSewyobiT daarsda. es programebi damyarebulia SCOTVRC<br />
nacionaluri sertifikatis modulze da SCOTVEC xarisxis uzrunvelmyof<br />
gamocdebs eqvemdebareba.<br />
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gaerTianebuli samefos umaRlesi<br />
saswavlo dawesebulebebi saswavlo programaTa da xarisxTa farTo<br />
speqtriT xasiaTdebian. ganaTlebis miRebis saSualeba, rogorc adgilobriv<br />
aseve ucxoel studentebsac eZlevaT, Tumca swavleba fasiania da<br />
sakmarisad didi Tanxebis gadaxdasTanaa dakavSirebuli.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTleba amerikis SeerTebuli StatebSi<br />
182<br />
danarTi N2<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi da ganaTlebis damadasturebeli<br />
dokumentebi<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis tipebi<br />
� kvleviTi universitetebi<br />
� universitetebi, romlebic amzadeben doqtorantebs<br />
� (yovelmxrivi) universitetebi da kolejebi, romlebic amzadeben<br />
magistrebs<br />
� humanitarul mecnierebaTa kolejebi, romlebic amzadeben bakalavrebs<br />
� xelovnebis kolejebis asociacia<br />
� profesiuli skolebi da sxva specializirebuli dawesebulebebi<br />
� saSualosSemdgomi dargobrivi da teqnikuri skolebi
skolis dasrulebis da umaRlesi ganaTlebis damadasturebeli<br />
xarisxi<br />
� saSualo skolis diplomi<br />
� asocirebuli (associate) xarisxi<br />
� bakalavris xarisxi<br />
� diplomi<br />
� sertifikati<br />
� pirveli profesiuli xarisxi<br />
� bakalavriatis Semdgomi diplomi (Post-Bachelor’s Diploma)<br />
� magistris xarisxi<br />
� maRal doneze swavlis sertifikati (Certificate of advanced Study)<br />
� ganaTlebis specialisti<br />
� doqtoris xarisxi<br />
umaRlesi ganaTleba<br />
umaRlesi ganaTleba aSS-Si aseve saSualosSemdgomad iwodeba. igi sxva<br />
nacionaluri sistemebis msgavsad ar aris dayofili gansxvavebul<br />
seqtorebad (sauniversiteto, arasauniversiteto da a.S.). umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis seqtori - avtonomiuri, kerZo da saxelmwifo<br />
dawesebulebebisgan Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba. dReisaTvis 2819 dawesebuleba studentebs<br />
bakalavrisa da ufro maRali donis xarisxebs sTavazobs; dawesebulebebi<br />
Semdeg kategoriebad arian klasificirebulni:<br />
1. kvleviTi universitetebi (I da II) 14 (Research universities): am kategoriis<br />
dawesebulebebSi moqmedebs disciplinaTa didi raodenobis<br />
doqtoranturis programebi, sdac xorcieldeba yovelmxrivi<br />
Teoriuli da gamoyenebiTi kvlevebi.<br />
14 dawesebulebaTa klasifikacia I da II mimarTulebad - kvleviTi universitetebisaTvis<br />
damokidebulia kvlevis moculobis dafinansebaze, federaluri mmarTvelobis doneze<br />
miRebul gadawyvetilebaze. danarCeni dawesebulebebisaTvis, damokidebulia dawesebulebis<br />
zomaze da SeTavazebuli programebis tipsa da raodenobaze. arcerTi amgvari klasifikacia<br />
ar gamoiyeneba rogorc xarisxis an statusis Sefasebis indikatori.<br />
183
2. doqtoranturis uzrunvelmyofi dawesebulebebi (I da II) (Doctorate-<br />
granting universities): dawesebulebebi, romlebsac disciplinaTa farTo<br />
arCevanis farglebSi yvela sferos swavleba SeuZliaT, Tumca<br />
kvleviT universitetebTan SedarebiT doqtoranturis SezRuduli<br />
raodenobis programebi aqvT.<br />
3. magistraturis (yvela sferos momcveli) universitetebi da kolejebi<br />
(I da II) (Master’s (Comprehensive) universities and colle<strong>ge</strong>s): dawesebulebebi,<br />
romlebic sTavazoben akademiur da profesiul programebs<br />
bakalavriatis, magistraturis doneze, pirvel profesiul xarisxebis<br />
(first-professional degrees) doneze, magram studentebs ar sTavazoben<br />
kvleviT doqtoranturas.<br />
4. bakalavriatis (humanitarul mecnierebaTa) kolejebi (I da II)<br />
(Baccalaureate (Liberal Art) colle<strong>ge</strong>s): dawesebulebebi, romelTac aqvT<br />
akademiuri da profesiuli programebi ara umetes bakalavris<br />
xarisxis doneze.<br />
5. xelovnebis kolejTa asociacia (associate of arts colle<strong>ge</strong>s): dawesebulebebi,<br />
romlebic awarmoeben akademiur da profesiul an dargobriv<br />
(profesiasTan dakavSirebul) swavlebas asocirebuli xarisxis<br />
doneze, maT Soris arian sazogadoebrivi saxelmwifo kolejebi da<br />
kerZo kolejebi.<br />
6. profesiuli skolebi da sxva specializirebuli dawesebulebebi<br />
(professional schools and other specialized institutions): dawebulebebi, romlebic<br />
sTavazoben kursebs mxolod erT an ramodenime momijnave saganSi<br />
profesiuli an akademiuri mimarTulebiT. isini imdenad aramomcvelni<br />
arian, rom sxva klasifikaciaSi ar Tavsdebian. xarisxebi<br />
safexurebrivad ranJirdeba asocirebuli xarisxidan kvleviT<br />
doqtoris xarisxamde (mag. medicinis damoukidebeli skolebi,<br />
injineria, stomatologia, iurisprudencia, vizualuri da<br />
SemoqmedebiTi xelovnebis skolebi, Teologiuri seminariebi da a.S.)<br />
184
7. saSualosSemdgomi dargobrivi da teqnikuri skolebi (Postsecondary<br />
vocational and technical schools): dawesebulebebi, romlebic axorcieleben<br />
moklevadian, ara umetes 2 wlian, xarisxis–gareSe (non-degree)<br />
treiningis programebs, romlebic profesiuli specialobis<br />
sertifikatis an diplomis mopovebiT sruldeba.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema xasiaTdeba xelmisawvdomobiT,<br />
mravalferovnebiT, avtonomiurobiT da cnobilia Tavisi moculobiTa da<br />
xarisxiT. federalul mmarTvelobas ar gaaCnia saswavlo dawesebulebaTa<br />
akademiuri profesiebis wevrobis, programebis an kurikulumebis, xarisxebis<br />
an sxva kvalifikaciebis aRiarebis iurisdiqcia an Zalaufleba. U.S.-is<br />
TiTqmis yvela saSualosSemdgomi dawesebuleba licenzirebuli an<br />
privilegirebulia Statis an municipaluri mmarTvelobis mier. religiuri<br />
dawesebulebebi daarsebulia damoukidebeli an kerZo saxiT. xarisxis<br />
garantia miiRweva Statis moTxovnebis, nebayoflobiTi akreditaciis,<br />
dawesebulebis reputaciis, akademiuri personalis da kursdamTavrebulTa<br />
dasaqmebis safuZvelze. akreditacia TviTregulirebadi xarisxis kontrolis<br />
procesia, romelic U.S. saSualosSemdgomi ganaTlebis sazogadoebis mier<br />
tardeba. akreditirebisas xdeba akademiuri potencialis, administraciuli<br />
kompetenciis minimaluri standartebis da sistemis SigniT kvalifikaciebis<br />
aRiareba. sakuTari Statis iurisdiqciis farglebSi, eqvsi regionaluri<br />
akreditaciis asociacia ad<strong>ge</strong>ns licenzirebuli dawesebulebebisaTvis<br />
minimalur standartebs. damatebiT, aRiarebuli akreditaciis asociaciebi,<br />
gansakuTrebiT profesiul sferoebSi da specializirebuli<br />
dawesebulebebisaTvis, individualuri an momijnave sagnebisaTvis aweseben<br />
da aregulireben minimalur standartebs.<br />
semestri seqtrembridan ivnisamde, inglisur enaze mimdinareobs.<br />
185
saswavlo etapebi:<br />
arasauniversiteto done saSualosSemdgomi swavleba (teqnikuri/dargobrivi<br />
tipi):<br />
arasauniversiteto done:<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis seqtorSi ar arsebobs mkveTri gansxvaveba<br />
sauniversiteto da arasauniversiteto doneebs Soris. swavlebis done<br />
programebis Sesabamisi xarisxebiT ufro gamoixateba, vidre dawesebulebaTa<br />
tipiT, romlebSic es programebi xorcieldeba. saganmanaTleblo<br />
programebi, romlebic Seesabameba `arasuniversiteto donis<br />
teqnikur/dargobriv saSualosSemdgom swavlebebs~ moicavs yvela teqnikur<br />
da dargobriv programas, romelic bakalavriatis doneze naklebi xarisxis<br />
diplomebis an sertifikatebis mopovebiT sruldeba. ganaTleba am safexurze<br />
moicavs:<br />
1. yvela im dawesebulebas, romelic bakalavriatis doneze dabal<br />
xarisxebs sTavazobs studentebs;<br />
2. im dawesebulebebs, sadac tardeba bakalavris doneze dabali xarisxis<br />
mosapovebeli programebi.<br />
pirveli kategoriis dawesebulebebi SeiZleba klasificirebulni iqnan<br />
karnegis klasifikaciis mixedviT da moixseniebian, rogorc `orwliani<br />
gaerTianebebi, mcire (Junior) da teqnikuri kolejebi~ da `profesiuli<br />
skolebi da sxva specializirebuli dawesebulebebi~. pirveli kategoriis<br />
dawesebulebebis aseve miekuTvnebian NCES klasifikacias `dawesebulebebi,<br />
romlebic sTavazoben sertifikatebs an diplomebs ara nakleb or da ara<br />
umetes 4 wlian SualedSi~, `asocirebuli xarisxebis dawesebulebebi~,<br />
`dawesebulebebi, romlebic sTavazoben sertifikatebs da diplomebs ara<br />
nakleb erT wlian da ara umetes 2 wlian SualedSi~ da `dawesebulebebi,<br />
romlebic sTavazoben sertifikatebs an diplomebs erT welze nakleb<br />
periodSi~.<br />
meore kategoriis universitetebi moicaven universitetebs da sxva<br />
dawesebulebebs, romlebic sTavazoben moklevadian kursebs da<br />
186
asocirebuli xarisxis kvalifikaciebs bakalavriatis, magistraturis da<br />
doqtoranturis paralelurad.<br />
swavleba universitetis doneze:<br />
sauniversiteto donis pirveli safexuri: asocirebuli xarisxi (associate<br />
degree), bakalavris xarisxi, maRali donis (advanced) sertifikati, pirveli<br />
profesiuli xarisxi:<br />
asocirebuli xarisxi (associate degree) pirveli akademiuri an<br />
profesiuli xarisxia, romelic SeiZleba miniWebul iqnas U.S.<br />
saSualosSemdgomi (postsecondary) ganaTlebis miRebisas. am xarisxis<br />
mflobelebs SeuZliaT gaagrZelon swavleba pirveli xarisxis sxva<br />
programebze (bakalavris xarisxisken mimavali programebi), Tumca ar arian<br />
saTanadod kvalificirebulni, rom pirdapir maRal doneze (xarisxis<br />
mimniWebeli damamTavrebeli programa Graduate) gaagrZelon swavla. amgvari<br />
saswavlo programebi, rogorc wesi 2 wliani datvirTvis srul drozea<br />
(Full-Time) gaTvlili. pirovneba, romelic irCevs datvirTvis arasrul<br />
droiT (part-time) reJims, dasasruleblad aseve 2 welze meti periodi<br />
sWirdeba. asocirebuli xarisxebi SeiZleba miniWebul iqnas humanitarul<br />
mecnierebebsa da zogadi kursis gavlisas, rogorc akademiuri kvalifikacia<br />
an SeiZleba miniWebul iqnas profesiul dargobriv sferoSi. asocirebuli<br />
xarisxis programebi rogorc wesi srulad asaxaven bakalavriatis<br />
moTxovnebis 2 wlian periods. asocirebuli xarisxis kreditebi Cveulebriv<br />
transferdeba bakalavris xarisxis programebSi, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca<br />
transferis SeTanxmebebi dad<strong>ge</strong>nilia dawesebulebebs Soris.<br />
bakalavris xarisxi (Bachelors degree) meore xarisxia, romelic moipoveba<br />
U.S. saSualosSemdgom doneze. aseve aris erT-erTi xarisxamdeli<br />
(undergraduate) (pirveli) xarisxi, romelic studentebs maRali donis (advanced)<br />
(xarisxi - damamTavrebel graduate) programaze Caricxvis saSualebas aZlevs.<br />
bakalavris xarisxis mflobel studentebs SeuZliaT pirvel-profesiul<br />
xarisxis (first-professional degree) mosapovebel programebzec iswavlon. am<br />
187
xarisxis mosapovebeli saswavlo programebi ZiriTadad da<strong>ge</strong>gmilia 4-5<br />
wliani saswavlo periodisaTvis, Tumca damokidebulia sferosa da<br />
saswavlo drois datvirTvaze.<br />
sapatio (Honours) programebi SemoTavazebulia mravali, bakalavris<br />
xarisxis mimniWebeli dawesebulebis mier. sapatio xarisxis mosapoveblad<br />
saWiroa damatebiTi moTxovnebis Sesruleba, rogoricaa magaliTad<br />
xarisxamdeli (undergraduate) Tezisebi, stipendiebi an proeqtebi, maRali<br />
donis sakurso naSromi, an specialuri gamocdebi.<br />
maRali donis sertifikatebis (advanced certificates) mosapoveblad<br />
damatebiT moiTxoveba bakalavriaris Semdeg ara umetes erT wliani<br />
mimdevrobiTi swavleba (zogjer paraleluric). bakalavriatis dasruleba<br />
zogjer gulisxmobs qvespecializaciaze koncentracias an momijnave<br />
mimarTulebebis kompetenciebis mopovebas.<br />
studentebi pirvel profesiul xarisxis (first professional degree)<br />
programebze sxva sferoSi bakalavris xarisxis yvela an TiTqmis yvela<br />
programis gavlis Semdeg daiSvebian. swavlis SinaarsiT pirveli<br />
profesiuli xarisxebi xarisxamdelia (undergraduate) da xarisxi gansazRvrul<br />
regulirebad profesiebis misaReb doneze moxvedris winapirobaa. radgan<br />
zogierTi pirveli profesiuli xarisxi gamoiyenebs termins `doqtori~,<br />
miuxedavad imisa rom ar warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen maRali donis kvleviT xarisxs,<br />
xSirad warmoiqmneba gau<strong>ge</strong>brobebi. pirveli profesiuli xarisxebi<br />
mieniWebaT medicinaSi (MD), stomatologiaSi (DDS/DMD), veterinariaSi<br />
(DVM), osteopatiur medicinaSi (DO), optometriaSi (OD), podiatriaSi<br />
(Podiatry-DPM), hiropraqtikaSi (DC), farmaciaSi (D.Pharm), TeologiaSi (M.Div),<br />
ravinobaSi (MHL/Rav) da iurisprudenciaSi (JD).<br />
sauniversiteto donis meore safexuri: magistris xarisxi,<br />
magistrisSemdgomi (Post-master) xarisxi, diplomi an sertifikati<br />
samagistro xarisxebi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen umaRlesi ganaTlebis meore<br />
safexurs da aniWeben pirvel maRali donis advanced (damamTavrebel-graduate)<br />
188
xarisxs. U.S. magistris xarisxi SeiZleba mopovebul iqnas swavlebiT<br />
(Tezisebis gareSe) da kvlevis (TezisebiT) safuZvelze akademiur an<br />
profesiul sferoebSi. umetesoba samagistro programebisa da<strong>ge</strong>gmilia<br />
sruli droiT datvirTvis (Full-time) 2 wlian swavlebaze, aseve dro<br />
damokidebulia uSualod saganze, xarisxamdeli donidan studentebis<br />
miRwevebze, programis struqturasa da sruli an nawilobrivi droiT<br />
datvirTvaze. magistraturis ZiriTadi moTxovnebi savaldebulo kursebis<br />
dasrulebaa. damatebiT SesaZloa damokidebuli iyos magistraturis<br />
programis tipze, moiTxovdes kvlevis Tezisebis, specialuri proeqtis,<br />
gamocdebis Cabarebas erT an ramdenime qvesferoSi, specialuri moTxovnebis<br />
dakmayofilebas (rogoricaa lingvistikuri an raodenobrivi unarebi), an maT<br />
kombinacias.<br />
U.S. ar ewinaaRmde<strong>ge</strong>ba imas, rom magistraturasa da kvleviT<br />
doqtoranturas Soris SeiZleba arsebobdes garkveuli xarisxis tipebi,<br />
Tumca miuTiTebs, rom yvela unda Tavsdebodes U.S. umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
meore safexurze. amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT doneebi romlebic<br />
moicavs ganaTlebis specialists (E.Sp an Ed.S) da maRali donis swavlis<br />
sertifikatebs da diplomebs (C.A.E., D.A.E. Certificates and Diplomas of Advanced<br />
Study).<br />
sauniversiteto donis mesame safexuri: kvleviTi doqtorantura<br />
kvleviTi doqtorantura warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns SeerTebuli Statebis umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis mesame da umaRles safexurs. igi SeiZleba mieniWos akademiur<br />
disciplinebSi da zogierT profesiul sferoSi. xarisxi ar mieniWeba<br />
mxolod gamocdebis an sakurso naSromebis SesrulebisaTvis, moiTxoveba<br />
kvleviTi mimarTulebis gansazRvra da originaluri kvlevis<br />
damoukideblad warmoeba. doqtoranturis programebi moiTxovs intensiur<br />
swavlasa da kvlevas sul mcire erT qvesferoSi da profesiuli donis<br />
kompetenciebs zogierT sxva sferoSi. garda kvleviTi seminarebis seriebisa<br />
da yvelanairi gamocdisa, studenti valdebulia daamtkicos sakuTari<br />
189
niWiereba originalur kvlevis an damoukidebeli praqtikis saxiT. kvleva<br />
unda dasruldes disertaciis sajaro dacvamde, Tezisebis proeqtis, zepiri<br />
da werilobiTi gamocdebis Cabarebamde manam komiteti an fakulteti,<br />
sagamocdo komitetis wevrebsa da stumrebs moiwvevs. doqtoris xarisxis<br />
umetesoba bakalavris xarisxis mopovebis Semdeg, saSualod 4-5 wel sruli<br />
droiT datvirTviT kvlevas da swavlas moiTxovs, magistris xarisxis<br />
Semdeg ki 2-3 wlian periods. xarisxis mopovebisaTvis saWiro zusti dro<br />
damokidebulia saganze da programis struqturaze. zogierT profesiul<br />
sferoSi kvleviTi doqtoris xarisxi mieniWebaT akademiur disciplinebsa<br />
da Teoriul kvlevebSi. amgvari, yvelaze gavrcelebuli xarisxi<br />
filosofiis doqtoria (Doctor of Philosophy PhD). arsebobs eqvivalenturi<br />
xarisxis dasaxelebebis mravalferovani CamonaTvali dawesebulebebisa da<br />
disciplinebis mixedviT. profesiul doqtoranturaSi swavleba<br />
umeteswilad gamoyenebiTi xasiaTisaa da upiratesobiT sar<strong>ge</strong>blobs<br />
Teoriul kvlevebTan SedarebiT. gamoiyeneba xarisxTa dasaxelebebis farTo<br />
arCevani.<br />
maswavlebelTa ganaTleba:<br />
skolamdeli da dawyebiTi/sabazo skolis maswavlebelTa treiningi<br />
adreuli bavSvobis skolis (sabavSvo baRi) da elementaruli<br />
(dawyebiTi) skolis maswavleblobisaTvis saWiro ganaTleba da<br />
sertificireba (nebarTvis gacema) damokidebulia Statis mmarTvelobaze,<br />
romelic iTxovs mravalricxovan gamocdebis (sagnobrivi codna, da a.S.)<br />
Cabarebas. oTxi Stati (alaska, aidaho, vermonti da vaiomingi) ar iTxovs<br />
gamocdebis Cabarebas. 38 Stati iTxovs winaswar aRweril programaTa<br />
dasrulebas, xarisxamdel doneze sertificirebas, swavlebis dasrulebis<br />
da kontrolirebadi praqtikul saqmianobis gaTvaliswinebas. xarisxamdeli<br />
swavleba unda mimdinareobdes 47 Statis akreditirebul dawesebulebebSi<br />
da danarCen sam StatSi, Statis mier aRiarebul dawesebulebebSi.<br />
maswavleblis sawyisi kvalifikacia bakalavris xarisxi da sertificirebis<br />
190
proceduraa. Statebis umetesoba studentebs sTavazobs maRali donis<br />
sertificirebas, romelic emyareba gamocdilebasa da damatebiT ganaTlebas,<br />
am doneze bevri maswavlebeli magistris xarisxs moipovebs. sertificirebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, uwyveti profesiuli ganaTleba aucilebelia 42 StatSi.<br />
saSualo skolis maswavleblebis treiningi<br />
saSualo skolis maswavleblisadmi wayenebuli sertifikatamdeli<br />
moTxovnebi, ZiriTadad dawyebiTi skolis maswavleblisadmi wayenebul<br />
mTxovnebs emTxveva. ZiriTadi gansxvaveba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom saSualo<br />
skolis maswavleblebi sertificirebulni arian erT an ramdenime akademiur<br />
an dargobriv saganSi da karieris koncentrirebas am sagnebze axdenen, maSin<br />
roca dawyebiTi skolis maswavleblebi – gansakuTrebiT dabali donisaTvis<br />
– SeiZleba sertifirebulni an specializirebulni iyvnen sruli dawyebiTi<br />
kursis wasayvanad, gansakuTrebiT maSin Tuki swavleba metad<br />
diferencirdeba elementaruli safexuris/saSualo skolis bolo klasebSi.<br />
yvela Stati asertificirebs maswavlebels, rogorc dargobrivi<br />
specializaciis aseve safexureobrivi doneebis mixedviT. specialuri<br />
ganaTlebis maswavleblebi, umetes StatSi specialuri programiT gadian<br />
treinin<strong>ge</strong>bs xarisxamdel da xarisxis mimniWebel doneze da aseve calke<br />
sertificirdebian. 47 Stati asertificirebs aseT maswavlebels<br />
konkretuli, specializaciis mixedviT mag. yruTa ganaTleba, vizualuri<br />
naklis mqone adamianebis ganaTleba da a.S. radgan specialuri<br />
ganaTlebisaTvis minimaluri akademiuri moTxovna specialur ganaTlebaSi<br />
an momijnave sferoSi (rogoricaa ganviTarebis fsiqologia) bakalavris<br />
xarisxia, maswavlebelTa umetesobas magistris xarisxi gaaCnia. U.S. umetes<br />
StatSi araakademiuri personalis sertificirebas iTxoven. am calkeul<br />
jgufSi Sedian skolis administratorebi, skolis kanclerebi, skolis<br />
jandacvis personali (fsiqologi, eqTani), skolis biblioTekari,<br />
maswavlebelTa zedamxedveli da kurikulumis specialisti.<br />
191
umaRlesi ganaTlebis maswavleblebis treiningi<br />
saSualosSemdgom ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebiT, Statebis kanonebi<br />
gansxvavebul damokidebulebas avlenen. standartebsa da fakultetis<br />
mimarT moTxovnebze pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>bloba individualurad dawesebulebebs da<br />
fakultetebs, departamentebs, dawesebulebaze daqvemdebarebul skolebs<br />
evalebaT. dawesebulebaTa moTxovnebi fakultetisadmi damokidebulia<br />
swavlebis safexurze, sagansa an sferoze, kvlevaze, profesiul licenziasa<br />
an moTxovnad kvalifikaciaze, kontraqtis mixedviT srul an nawilobrivi<br />
samuSao droiT datvirTvaze. akreditirebuli dawesebulebebi emorCilebian<br />
fakultetis da akreditirebul programaTa mimarT, regionaluri<br />
akreditaciis asociaciis mier dad<strong>ge</strong>nil standartebs. umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
fakultetebs yvelaze metad swavlebisaTvis saWiro eqspertizis Catareba<br />
moeTxoveba, rac gamoixateba Sesabamis dargSi an disciplinaSi mimdinare<br />
kvlevis xelmZRvanelobasa an konsultirebaSi.<br />
aratradiciuli swavleba<br />
distanciuri umaRlesi ganaTleba<br />
distanciuri swavlebis forma Seiqmna adamianebisaTvis, romelTa<br />
<strong>ge</strong>ografiuli adgilsamyofeli, pirobebi an samuSo araxelsayrelia<br />
ganaTlebis misaRebad. distanciuri swavleba araa Camoyalibebuli, rogorc<br />
ganaTlebis calke mdgomi tipi. metic, igi Seqmnilia, rom iyos tradiciuli<br />
kampus instruqciebisagan gansxvavebuli, magram ara nakleb legitimuri.<br />
arsebobs swrafad mzardi saganmanaTleblo programebi yvela doneze,<br />
romelTa miwodeba xdeba radio, televiziis, satelitis, videos,<br />
kompiuteruli terminalisa da sxvaTa saSualebiT. bevri programa<br />
sTavazobs kreditebs da sruldeba sertifikatis, diplomis an xarisxis<br />
mopovebiT. zogierTi programa da<strong>ge</strong>gmilia Tavisufali dros swavlebis,<br />
pirovnuli dainteresebis an specifikur samuSaosTan dakavSirebuli<br />
192
ganaTlebisa da treinin<strong>ge</strong>bisaTvis. distanciuri ganaTlebis programebi<br />
akreditirebulia aRiarebuli asociaciis mier.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTleba cxovrebis manZilze<br />
umaRlesi ganaTleba cxovrebis manZilze xSirad uwyveT ganaTlebad<br />
iwodeba. dawesebulebebi awarmoeben specifiur uwyveti ganaTlebis<br />
programebs, zogierTi saswavlo dawesebulebis mier SeTavazebul xarisxis<br />
paralelur programebs, moklevadian da specializirebul kursebs. uwyveti<br />
ganaTleba SeiZleba dai<strong>ge</strong>gmos sertifikatis, an xarisxis mopovebis<br />
Sesabamisad, ar iyos struqturirebuli da awarmoebdes zogad da<br />
Tavisufal dros swavlis kursebs. zogierTi uwyveti ganaTlebis kursi<br />
SeTavazebulia distanciuri swavlebis meTodiT, danarCeni programebi<br />
dawesebulebebSi an calkeul filialebSi tardeba. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac<br />
saubaria garkveuli kvalifikaciis mqone profesionalebisaTvis Semdgomi<br />
ganaTlebis SeTavazebaze, uwyvet ganaTlebas `uwyvet profesiul<br />
ganaTlebad~ moixsenieben. amgvar programebSi mopovebuli kreditebi<br />
aRiarebulia umaRlesi ganaTlebis, licenzirebuli dawesebulebebis da<br />
profesiuli asociaciebis doneze.<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis treiningi industriaSi<br />
treinin<strong>ge</strong>bi industriaSi uwyveti profesiuli ganaTlebis specifiuri<br />
formaa da ZiriTadad damqiravleblis mier dafinansebad treinin<strong>ge</strong>bzea<br />
orientirebuli. kursebi SeTavazebulia damqiraveblis an saSualosSemgdomi<br />
dawesebulebis kontraqtis, profesiuli asociaciis, gaerTianebis an<br />
konsultaciis mimcemi organizaciaTa mier. saswavlo procesi SeiZleba<br />
mimdinareobdes samuSao adgilze an arasamuSao teritoriaze. uwyveti<br />
profesiuli ganaTleba an treinin<strong>ge</strong>bi Sinaarsobrivad axali unarebis<br />
gamosamuSaveblad tardeba. maTi mravalsaxeoba iwyeba moklevadiani<br />
kursebidan da mTavrdeba xarisxis sruli programiT. saswavlo<br />
dawesebulebis mier Seqmnili garkveuli proceduris safuZvelze, kursebze<br />
mopovebuli kreditebis raodenoba SesaZloa aRiarebuli da gavrcelebuli<br />
iyos umaRlesi ganaTlebis doneze. damqiraveblis mier dafinansebuli<br />
193
treinin<strong>ge</strong>bi gansakuTrebiT qvebakalavris doneze, U.S. saSualosSemdgomi<br />
mravali dawesebulebis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis sferoSia. detaluri<br />
informaciis mopoveba am procesTan dakavSirebiT uSualod U.S.<br />
dawesebulebebSia SesaZlebeli.<br />
araformaluri umaRlesi ganaTlebis sxva saxeebi<br />
treinin<strong>ge</strong>bis mravalferovnebaSi arsebobs araformalurad<br />
struqturirebuli, viwro Sedegze orientirebuli, kreditebis<br />
transferirebadi, profesiul sferoebSi aRiarebuli kursebi. isini moicaven<br />
kursebs da treinin<strong>ge</strong>bs, romlebic tardeba biblioTekebSi, muzeumebSi,<br />
parkebSi da dasasvenebel dawesebulebebSi, klubebSi viwro wrisaTvis.<br />
zogierTi programa tardeba damqiraveblis xelSewyobiT da araa Sedegis<br />
formalur mxareze orientirebuli. magaliTad uSualod samuSao miznebsa<br />
da produqciaze orientirebuli, araformaluri seminarebi, prezentaciebi<br />
da topokebi.<br />
miReba umaRlesi ganaTlebis doneze<br />
U.S. umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebaTa mravalferovnebis gamo,<br />
umaRlesi ganaTlebis doneze mosaxvedrac saWiro konkteruli moTxovnebi<br />
calsaxad gawerili araa. aplikaciis procedurisaTvis, TiToeulma<br />
aplikantma konkretul saswavlo dawesebulebas unda mimarTos.<br />
dawesebuleba Tavis mxriv, valdebulia daakvalianos aplikanti.<br />
amrigad, aSS-s umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistema sxva nacionaluri<br />
sistemebisagan gansxvavebiT gansxvavebul seqtorebad (sauniversiteto,<br />
arasauniversiteto da a.S.) ar iyofa. igi xasiaTdeba xelmisawvdomobiT,<br />
mravalferovnebiTa da avtonomiurobiT, cnobilia Tavisi moculobiTa da<br />
xarisxiT. arCevanTa mravalferovneba nebismier dainteresebul pirs, misi<br />
<strong>ge</strong>movnebisa da SesaZleblobis farglebSi xelsayreli gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebis saSualebas aZlevs.<br />
194
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
1. ganaTlebi politikis saarqivo masalebi, `fondi Ria sazogadoeba -<br />
saqarTvelo~, 1 noemberi, tomi 8, 2000.<br />
2. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti 1918-1998 wlebi, saiubileo<br />
krebuli, mTavari redaqtori metreveli r., Tbilisis gamomcemloba,<br />
Tbilisi 1998<br />
3. mecnieruli kvlevis safuZvlebi, redaqtori WilaSvili m., Tbilisis<br />
universitetis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi 1981 – gv.117<br />
4. metreveli roin, universiteti dRes, Tbilisis universitetis<br />
gamomcemloba, Tbilisi 2003, gv.67<br />
5. umaRlesi ganaTlebis reforma saqarTveloSi: miRwevebi, problemebi,<br />
perspeqtivebi. samecniero-meToduri konferenciis masalebi, Tbilisis<br />
universitetis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi 2001, gv.130<br />
6. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, saqarTvelos ssr, mTavari redaqtori<br />
abaSiZe ir., 1981w<br />
7. Wkuaseli i., pedagogikis zogadi safuZvlebi, Tbilisis universitetis<br />
gamomcemloba, Tbilisi 1986, gv.227<br />
8. Wkuaseli k., saswavlo-pedagogiuri procesis organizacisaTvis<br />
umaRles skolaSi, saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, tfilisi<br />
1934, gv.138<br />
9. Wkuaseli q., maswavlebelTa profesiuli momzadebis sistemebi da maTi<br />
ganviTarebis Tanamedrove tendenciebi, `fondi Ria sazogadoeba -<br />
saqarTvelo~ seminari `maswavlebelTa sauniversiteto momzadeba~<br />
masalebi 2002.<br />
10. javaxiSvili n., fsiqologiis kvlevis meTodebi, Tbilisi, Tsu 2004<br />
11. jiblaZe g. ..., umaRlesi skoli pedagogikis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi,<br />
gamomcemloba ganaTleba 1981, gv.285<br />
12. jinjolava p., umaRlesi skola – kadrebi da sawesdebo normativebi<br />
(cnobari), Tbilisi, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1988, gv.170<br />
195
13. Балакина А.П., Солнцева Н.В., Эффективность управления вузом и педагогический<br />
менеджмент // Высшее образование сегодня 2002-№10, с.12<br />
14. Дружинин А., Интернационализация высшего образования: тенденции и проблемы //<br />
вестник высшей школы Alma mater 2002, №9б, с.3<br />
15. Исаева Т., Преподаватель как субъект качества образования // Высшее образование в<br />
России, 2003 №2, с.17<br />
16. Кивик Свейн - Структурные изменения систем высшего образования Западной<br />
Европы, 2005, www.almamater.md/articles/645/ru.html<br />
17. Куприянова Л., Педагогическое мастерство: принцыпы оценки // Высшее образование<br />
в России, 2003 №1, с.78<br />
18. Ладышев Н., Университеты Европы // Alma mater вестник высшей школы, 1991, №9,<br />
с.80<br />
19. Малхотра Н.К. – Маркетинговое исследование, Москва – Санкт-Петербург-Киев, 2003<br />
20. Люссьен Мишед, Идея университета // Alma mater вестник высшей школы, 1991, №9,<br />
с.85<br />
21. Нуждин В.Н., Кадамцева Г.Г., Стратегическое управление качеством образования //<br />
Высшее образование сегодня 2003 №4, с.6<br />
22. Папковская П.Я., Методология научных исследований, Минск ООО "информпресс"<br />
2002, с.172<br />
23. Педагогический энциклопедический словарь, главный редактор Бим-Бад Б.М. ,<br />
научное издательство "Большая Российская Энциклопедия", Москва, 2002<br />
24. Скок Г.Б., Как проанализировать собственную педагогическую деятельность, М.:<br />
Педагогическое общество России, 2001, с.102<br />
25. Accreditation Handbook, (Revised 1986), A publication of the American Psychological<br />
Association Committee on Accreditation and Accreditation Office, s.70<br />
26. CHEPS-higher education monitor, Country report, Higher education in Germany, Jeroen<br />
Huisman, 2003, C2JH527<br />
27. The Quality Assurance A<strong>ge</strong>ncy for Higher Education, The framework for higher education<br />
qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2001, s.16<br />
28. Bortz J. , Döring N. – Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation, D., Sprin<strong>ge</strong>r, 2006<br />
29. Buchber<strong>ge</strong>r F., Green paper on teacher education in Europe, TNTT 2000, Sweden, s.93<br />
196
30. Buehl A., Zoefel P.– SPSS fuer Windows version 6.1, Addison-Wesley, 1995<br />
31. Buehner M.– Einfuehrung in die Test- und Fra<strong>ge</strong>bo<strong>ge</strong>nkonstruktion, Pearson Studium, ISBN<br />
3-8273-7083-3<br />
32. Gudjons H., Pädagogisches Grundwissen : Überblick - Kompendium - Studienbuch,<br />
Klinkhardt, 1993<br />
33. Kaiser A., Kaiser R., Handbuch der Evaluationsstandards : die Standards des "Joint<br />
Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation", Salzburg 2003<br />
34. Kaiser A., Kaiser R., Studienbuch Pädagogik : Grund- und Prüfungswissen ; mit ... Tableaus<br />
und Tabellen, Frankfurt am Main : Cornelsen Scriptor, 1994<br />
35. Keiner E., Evaluation (in) der Erziehungswissenschaft, Beltz, 2001<br />
36. Kritik der Evaluation von Schulen und Universitäten : [die hier ab<strong>ge</strong>druckten Texte wurden<br />
bei einem Symposium vor<strong>ge</strong>tra<strong>ge</strong>n, das am 23. und 24. Oktober 2003 in Salzburg<br />
statt<strong>ge</strong>funden hat] / mit Beitr. von M. Heit<strong>ge</strong>r, Kongress: Symposium ; (Salzburg) :<br />
2003.10.23-24, Würzburg : Ergon-Verl., 2004<br />
37. Mittag S., Bornmann L., Daniel H., Evaluation von Studium und Lehre an Hochschulen :<br />
Handbuch zur Durchführung mehrstufi<strong>ge</strong>r Evaluationsverfahren, Waxmann, 2003<br />
38. Dr. Prenner Monika - Methoden der Erziehungswissenschaft ––Paedagogische Akademie<br />
des Bundes in Niederoesterreich, 2004, www.inosys.at/~prenner/monika/ewas/index.htm<br />
39. Raithel J. Quantitative Forschung, Ein Praxiskurs, VS, 2006<br />
40. Richter R., J Wilchelms W., Gijselaers D., de Bie, Qualitätssor<strong>ge</strong> in der Lehre, Leitfaden für<br />
die studentische Lehrevaluation, Luchterhand 1994<br />
41. Rindermann H., Lehrevaluation, Empirische Pädagogik, Landau, 2001<br />
42. Ruprecht Horst, Einfuerung in die paedagogische Forschung, 1974,Verlag Julius Klinghardt,<br />
ISBN 3-7815-0215-5<br />
43. Sanders James R., Handbuch der Evaluationsstandards, Leske+Budrich, Opladen, 1999,<br />
ISBN 3-8100-1977-1<br />
197
44. Schnell-Hill-Esser – Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung, Oldenburg, ISBN 3-486-<br />
21463-2<br />
45. Scott, Peter (1996), “Unified and Binary systems of Higher Education in Europe”. In<br />
Bur<strong>ge</strong>n, Arnold (ed.) Goals and purposes of higher Education in the 21th Century. Kondon:<br />
Jessica Kingsley Publishers<br />
46. Scott Peter – Structural development in higher education: The experience of unifier systems,<br />
Das Hochschulwesen 1997/3, pp133-139<br />
47. Stockmann R., Evaluationsforschung : Grundla<strong>ge</strong>n und aus<strong>ge</strong>wählte Forschungsfelder, ,<br />
Münster [u.a.] 2006<br />
48. Theisens Henno - Higher Education in The United Kingdom, Country report, CHEPS, May<br />
2003, www.utwente.nl/cheps/documenten/unitedkingdom.pdf<br />
49. Tiechler Ulrich – Changing patterns of the higher education system and the perennial search<br />
of the second sector and identity http://www.ipv .pt/millenium/millenium21/21_4.htm<br />
50. Tiechler Ulrich – The changing roles of the university an non-university sectors. In European<br />
review. 1998, Vol6, N4. 475-487<br />
51. Theisens Henno - Higher Education in The United Kingdom, Country report, CHEPS, May<br />
2003, www.utwente.nl/cheps/documenten/unitedkingdom.pdf<br />
52. Wottawa H., Theirau H., Lehrbuch Evaluation, Verlag Hans Huber, Bern 1998, ISBN 3-456-<br />
82989-2<br />
53. http://angl.com.ru/education.htm<br />
54. http://education.qld.gov.au/public_media/reports/curriculum-<br />
framework/qsrls/html/abt_ppc.html<br />
55. http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~daniel_schugurensky/assignment1/<br />
56. http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/evaluate.htm<br />
57. http://international.edu.ru/analitics/national_systems/2375/<br />
58. http://tiee.ecoed.net/teach/essays/evaluation.html<br />
59. http://u-k.ru/viewtopic.php?t=18&highlight=<br />
198
60. http://www.andor.uni-karlsruhe.de/fak/stud/ects/sfd_2.03.html#hs_system<br />
61. http://www.apa.org/ed/eval_strategies.html<br />
62. http://www.assessment.gatech.edu/eReports/apple_pie_assessment/apple.html<br />
63. http://www.asu.edu/educ/epsl/EPRU/documents/EPRU%202002-101/Chapter%2008-Glass-<br />
Final.htm<br />
64. http://www.bologna-supporters.<strong>ge</strong>/bolognag.htm<br />
65. http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/newsletter/News14/text4.html<br />
66. http://www.cod.edu/dept/outcomes/assessmentbook.pdf<br />
67. http://www.crito.uci.edu/tlc/findings/report_7/TEXT.html#TOP<br />
68. http://www.daad.de/deutschland/hochschulen/hochschultypen/02415.en.html<br />
69. http://www.didaktik.mathematik.uni-wuerzburg.de/history/meg/mathedb4.html<br />
70. http://www.euroeducation.net/prof/usa.htm<br />
71. http://www.eval.org/zoom/search.asp?zoom_sort=0&zoom_query=self+evaluation&zoom_a<br />
nd=0<br />
72. http://www.flinders.edu.au/teach/evaluation.htm<br />
73. http://www.<strong>ge</strong>rmanculture.com.ua/library/facts/bl_higher_education.htm<br />
74. http://www.hero.ac.uk/studing<br />
75. www.hrk.de<br />
76. http://www.indwes.edu/assessment/presentations/AGSAssessmentHandbook.pdf<br />
77. http://www.invitationaleducation.net/publications/journal/v11p31.htm<br />
78. http://www.nsdc.org/library/publications/jsd/guskey194.cfm<br />
79. http://www.path2usa.com/usainfo/education/higher_edu_usa.htm<br />
80. http://www.polytech.poltava.ua/education/america/usa_3.html<br />
81. http://www.qaa.ac.uk<br />
82. http://www.studyabroad.ru/bcuc1.php#history<br />
199
83. http://www.teacherleaders.org/misc/hopkins_HQT.pdf<br />
84. http://www.<strong>tsu</strong>.<strong>ge</strong><br />
85. http://www.<strong>tsu</strong>.<strong>ge</strong>/qa/bologna.htm<br />
86. http://www.<strong>tsu</strong>.<strong>ge</strong>/qa/links.htm<br />
87. http://www.<strong>tsu</strong>.<strong>ge</strong>/qa/vote.htm<br />
88. http://www.unesco.org/iau/onlinedatabases/<br />
89. http://www.utwente.nl/cheps/documenten/<br />
90. http://www.usq.edu.au/dec/staff/evaluation/default.htm<br />
91. http://www.utwente.nl/cheps/documenten/<strong>ge</strong>rmany.pdf<br />
92. http://www.vtaide.com/png/ERIC/Evaluation-of-Teachers.htm<br />
93. http://www.wcer.wisc.edu/archive/cl1/flag/<br />
94. http://www.wmich.edu/evalctr/jc/<br />
95. http://www.wmich.edu/evalctr/jc/briefing/ses/standards_summary.html#propriety<br />
96. http://www2.acs.ncsu.edu/UPA/assmt/resource.htm#course_assmt<br />
200
Change language