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habitat rupestre.pdf - Società Friulana di Archeologia

habitat rupestre.pdf - Società Friulana di Archeologia

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RUPESTRIAN MOSQUES OF ORTAHISARE. Füsun Alioglu 1 , Y. Kösebay Erkan 1 , M. Alper 1 , B. Alper 21. Ka<strong>di</strong>r Has University - Istanbul (Turkey)2. Yil<strong>di</strong>z Technical University - Istanbul (Turkey)AbstractCappadocia region is known for the geological and man-madeformations carved into volcanic rocks. The importance of theregion for Christian and Byzantine Art is recognized by severalscholars.Ortahisar, also located in the volcanic valley <strong>di</strong>splays good examplesof rupestrian architecture in the region. Among them,some renowned anonymous churches, pigeon houses can bementioned. In this study, settlement pattern of Ortahisar havebeen briefly <strong>di</strong>scussed with a special attention given to the rupestrianmosques of the town.There are two rupestrian mosques in Ortahisar namely ÇukurMosque and Alaad<strong>di</strong>n Mosque. These structures have beendefined in relation to their position in the urban tissue. Thearchitectural features of the mosques as well as their spatialorganisation, plan types, structural characteristics and facadeorganisations have been analyzed. Distinct features of thesestructures and their place in relation to the Anatolian mosquedesign have been examined.ÖzetKapadokya bölgesi volkanik kayaların şekillen<strong>di</strong>r<strong>di</strong>ği jeolojikve insan yapısı kaya oyma mekanları ile tanınır. Bölgenin Hıristiyanve Bizans Sanatı açısında değerli bir çok yapısı geçmiştearaştırmacıların <strong>di</strong>kkatini çekmiştir. Ortahisar, volkanikva<strong>di</strong>de yer alan, kaya oyma mekanlarının iyi örneklerininbulunduğu bir yerleşme<strong>di</strong>r. Bunların arasında iyi bilinen adsızkiliseler ve güvercinliklerden söz e<strong>di</strong>lebilir. Bu çalışmada, Ortahisaryerleşme dokusu kısaca tanımlanarak kayaoyma camileriele alınacaktır. Ortahisar’da iki kayaoyma cami vardır.Çukur Cami, Alaad<strong>di</strong>n Cami adlı bu yapılar kapsamlı olarakele alınacaktır. Öncelikle, camilerin Ortahisar’daki konumlanmaözellikleri, yerleşme dokusu bağlamında tanımlanacaktır.İkinci olarak bu camilerin mimarisi analitik olarak incelenecektir.Camilerin mekansal kugusu, plan şeması, taşıyıcı sistemözellikleri, cephe biçimlenmesi tanımlanacaktır. Üçüncüolarak her iki camide belirlenen çıkan özellikler ele alınacaktır.Son olarak ise camilerde tanımlanan tasarım anlayışınınAnadolu cami mimarisindeki yeri kısaca tanımlanacaktır.1. General Characteristics of Ortahisar SettlementThe settlement has an organic street patternAt the juncture points of the streets that widens occasionally,small squares are formed.The determining factor of this street pattern is the topography· Slope of the terrain· Rocky formationStreets can be found in three <strong>di</strong>stinct types: horizontal, at aslope and in the form of steps.The street facing is obtained sometimes with natural stone andsometimes with cut stone.Ortahisar, has currently four neighborhoods. These are: Eski/Atik Mahalle (Old Neighborhood); Yeni Mahalle (New Neighborhood);Bahçeli Evler Mahallesi (Garden houses Neighborhood);Esentepe Mahallesi (Windyhill Neighborhood).Among these Bahçeli Evler Mahallesi ve Esentepe Mahallesihas been set up in the later periods.The oldest neighborhoods of Ortahisar are Eski/Atik Mahalleand Yeni Mahalle.Many of the monuments are located in these two neighborhoods.Such as the castle, churches, mosques, and publicbuil<strong>di</strong>ngs.Fig. 1 Ortahisar street pattern.245volumeRicerca_OK_2012-11-15.indd 245 16/11/2012 15:03:58

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