habitat rupestre.pdf - Società Friulana di Archeologia

ROCK CARVED SPACES OF ORTAHISARCRHIMA-CINP projectFig. 23a Ortahisar Houses.Fig. 23b Ortahisar Houses.Fig. 24 Alkanna sp.4. Cappadocia unseenTurkey has a rich diversity of plant structure. Over 10,000plant species existing, about 3,500 are endemic. The Cappadociaregion has its share of this wealth. The geological formationof the region does not seem to allow much in terms of itsnatural structure, on the contrary, the region has hundreds ofplant varieties.In Cappadocia, home to different civilisations, valleys, roadsides,mountains, rocks, or even creek sides are full of differentplants which I named as “Cappadocia Unseen”. In particular,flowers blooming in May and June adds a different beautyto this unique region. Plants existing in valleys have a longerlife than the ones in other places.The Peoples of the Cappadocia region knew a lot about theplants in the area whether they are edible or poisonous, whetherthey can be used as dyeing plants or medicinal plants andgave them the names which are unique to the region.Some of the names of the plants existing in Cappadocia areas follows: Wild chicory, sickle fruited hypecoum, tatarianbreadplant, phlomis, hawthorn, yellow star of bethlehem,garden thyme, large trefoil, pot marigold, common plantain,baby’s breath plant, turnsole, black henbane, spotted deadnettle, St. John’s wort, wallflower, spiny pallenis, carnationscented broomrape, stinging netle, coronation gold yarrow,lotus sweetjuice, common knotgrass, iris, shepherd’s purse,puncturevine, carthusian pink, bellevalia, annual sunflower,pungent sage, eastern skullcap, golden drop, pale bugloss,colewort, blue pimpernel, milk vetch, cornflower, garden mallow,common mistletoe, buckthorn, cumbungi, alkanet, strawberryblite, prickly thrift, snowberry, black nightshade, largephesant’s eye, groundsel, dandelion, thunberg’s berry, caper,plumeless thistle, clasping pepperweed, cramp bark, globethistle, sainfoin, purple vetch, birthwort, lesser bindweed,ground pine, whorlflower, golden cassidony, bladder senna,bristle fruit hedge parsley, pennyroyal, sun spurge, crownvetch, thorn apple, grass lily, forget me not, common whitebeam,great willowherb, pinnate tansy-mustard, apricot.The wild plants in general can be grouped under seven categories.The wild plants which can be eaten raw, dried or cooked,the poisonous wild plants, the medicinal wild plants, theornamental wild plants, the dyeing wild plants.Some of the names of the plants which were used as medicineor as panacea since ancient times in Cappadocia are as follows:St. John’s wort, dyer’s woad, common soapwort, thunberg’sberry, cramp bark, cumbungi, elaeagnus, arugula, cleavers,caper, prickly thrift, harmal peganum, bladder senna, buckthorn,common red poppy, ironwort, pot marigold, commonfumitory, great willowherb, flaxseed, rose hip, mallow, gardenmallow, sage, common bugloss, wild chicory, spearmint,ribwort plantain, stinging netle, tansy, clasping pepperweed.Some of the wild plants were used as a dyestuff since the HittitePeriod of Anatolia. During the Seljuk and the Ottomanperiods, there was a great increase in using dyeing plants untilthe discovery of chemical dyes at the end of 19th century.Dyeing plants especially used in carpet weaving for hundredsof years are listed as follows: Lesser bindweed, alkanet, cleavers,mullein, St. John’s wort, thunberg’s berry, yellow sweetclover, dyer’s woad, rigwort plantain, common bugloss, gardenmallow, mallow, alfilaria, common fumitory, pot marigold,narrow-leaved glaucous spurge.volumeRicerca_OK_2012-11-15.indd 240 16/11/2012 15:03:56