habitat rupestre.pdf - Società Friulana di Archeologia

E. Füsun Alioglu, Y. Kösebay Erkan, M. Alper, B. Alpertlements, the change in settlement pattern in Ortahisar canbe envisaged. Together with the Turkish period, the existingbuildings/spaces were used as housing by an addition of a masonrywall/room in front or next to those spaces. Additionaly,the mosques have taken their places in the settlement fabric.The Çukur Mosque and Alaaddin Mosque are situated on theimmediate circle of the Ortahisar Castle, in the Old Neighborhood(Eski/Atik Mahalle). Altough it does not have an inscription,it is believed that the oldest mosque built in Ortahisar isÇukur Mosque. Alaaddin Mosque has an inscription giving1840, 1858 dates, but believed to be older. The place of both ofthe mosques in the old neighborhood attests this belief.In the 19th and 20th centuries there has been significantchanges occured in the spatial organisation of Ortahisar.Firstly, the Ottoman Modernization is witnessed. Many of thereforms and legal reorganisations defining the public life havealso affected the architecture field. The architectural expressionsof the new institutions defined the urban morphology.Ortahisar is a good example for a settlement shaped by thiskind of institutions at the beginning of the 20th century. Dueto the reorganisation of the local administrative structure,municipalities are formed and constructed in 1916 in Ortahisar.Together with the educational reforms, Ortahisar HighSchool is built. Another structure is Hüseyin Galip Librarybelongs to the same period. This development continued withthe construction of Abdioğlu Mosque in 1842, houses and thebazaar. This last construction period developed around the oldcemetery site, in other words, around todays Ortahisar Square.Thus, the settlement pattern grew from the both banks of theSelim Bağ and Garip Bağ (Atlık Deresi) rivers up to the plataueat the 1200 meters. This development later grew towardsnorthern and eastern sides. Ali Reis Mosque was constructedin 1912 in a newly set-up neighborhood called Yeni Mahalle.This indicates that Ortahisar settlement reached its currentlimits rapidly.Currently, Ortahisar is composed of four neighborhoods.These are Eski/Atik Mahalle (Old Neighborhood), Yeni Mahalle(New Neighborhood), Bahçeli Evler Mahallesi (GardenHouses Neighborhood, Esentepe Mahallesi (Windy Neighborhood).Bahçeli Evler Mahallesi Esentepe Mahallesi have beenestablished in later periods.Fig. 6 Ortahisar cemetery, 1919.Fig. 7 Current neighborhoods of Ortahisar: (1)Eski/Atik Mahalle, (2)Yeni Mahalle,(3)Bahçeli Evler Mahallesi, (4)Esentepe Mahallesi.Architectural HeritageThe oldest neighborhoods are Eski/Atik Mahalle and YeniMahalle. Most of the heritage buildings are situated in thosetwo areas. They have organic street pattern. Due to the slopyterrain, the streets can be in three forms; horizontal, slopy orcomposed of steps. The rupestrian and masonry heritage ofOrtahisar is formed along these streets and neghborhoods. Therupestrian architecture has been obtained by carving out thetufa rock on the slopes. The masonry construction techniqueis a technology of later periods. There are extensive numbersof annexes built infront, above or next to of rock carved spacesas masonry. The architectural heritage such as the defensestructures, religous builidngs and houses have spaces builtwith this mixed construciton technique.The near vicinity of Ortahisar accomodates, specially theChristian religious heritage. In the nearby valleys, at the hillsides,there are numerous rock-carved monasteries, churhcesand dove-cots.235volumeRicerca_OK_2012-11-15.indd 235 16/11/2012 15:03:48