habitat rupestre.pdf - Società Friulana di Archeologia

UNDERGROUND OR CAVE STRUCTURES IN GREECECRHIMA-CINP projectwas formed. Some of the data collected may need furtherprocessing in order to extract useful information regardingthe distribution of certain pollutants and indoor atmosphericchemistry kinetics. More specifically for the collection of PMsthe instrument used was Osiris by Turkney, for the temperatureand humidity the collectors are Tiny Tag and finally inthe case of the CO2 the instrument used is IAQ-calc Model8732 by TSI.Indicative results of the measurement campaign in Santoriniand Cappadocia are presented in this section.Table 1 shows the average temperature and relative humidityobtained from the measuring campaign.Figure 13 presents the measurements obtained in all 3 locationsin the Santorini Island Greece as well as measurementfrom Ortahisar Turkey and Kaymakli Turkey.It is quite obvious that even though the temperature is close tothe “comfort” levels during the summer season, it is not thecase for the relative humidity. In all buildings measured inSantorini the levels of relative humidity could be accounted as“extreme” placing the term of “thermal comfort” out of reachfor the residents and guests of these dwellings. Nonetheless,before attributing any behavioural or constructional patternsto those levels, it has to be taken into serious considerationthe fact that the sea is a major contributor at this. So, no matterwhat materials are used, or dehumidifiers, or numbers ofventilation shafts, the problem of humidity will always be presentdue to its topography. The most that any resident can dois to maintain humidity levels as low as possible by means ofnew and highly improved constructing materials as well as adequateventilation. In the case of Turkey again the presence ofvery high humidity levels is obvious. Eventhough there is nosea to attribute the fact of the high humidity levels, it is moreclear that the existence of natural stone as a concrete materialcan contribute to the prevailing humidity in the rooms.In all of the underground dwellings that were measured theconcrete materials that dominated were the natural stones ofthe areas. The thermometers and the humidity collectors wereusually placed in the back rooms of the dwellings as in mostcases that is the bedroom. In the case of Santorinitwo out ofthe three buildings had air ducts for the rejuvenation of airand the provision of day light. The air ducts are usually placedon the front part of the dwelling. In the case of Turkey therewere no air ducts just a small window opening. Moreover inthe case of Turkey the rooms had a lot of dust, due to the factthat the stone was not covered with any other material so as toprevent the loss of powder dust.Moreover, the measuring campaign in Santorini and Cappadociaincluded measurements of Particulate Matter and CO2so as to observe the level of pollution in the indoor environmentof the dwellings.Figure 14 clearly indicates that the PM10 concentrations are inmost cases not exceeding the the legislative daily limit values(PM10 - 50μg/m3) set by U.S EPA. The only building presentinghigher PM10 concentrations was the conference room ofa hotel and in particular the breakfast room which served asa cafe as well during the day. PM2.5 concentrations are muchlower than the PM2.5 limit set by US EPA.In figure 14b the PM10 concentrations exceeded the limit valueof 50 μg/m3 . It has to be noted though in this case, that thehouse did not have a ventilation (skylight, or air duct) as wellas the fact that the kitchen, living room and bedroom whereall one common area, meaning that the process of cookingcould increase dramatically the numbers, as well as the smokinghabit of the particular resident.In the case were the PMs concentrations in all three chosendwellings was exceeding the limit values indicated activitiessuch as smoking, cooking, cleaning.In this case the owner worked during the day and was absentmost of the time whereas during the night the owner was presentand sometimes accompanied by other people as well. Themain activities taking place where smoking and cooking. Takinginto consideration these two activities alongside the factthat there was inadequate ventilation one can easily understandthe very high levels of Particulate Matter.Finally figure 14c presents the measurements in the Foinikiestraditional village Heliophos hotel where the owner of the hoteland resident of the particular dwelling had fully restored allrooms with material that prevented humidity and dampness asmuch as possible.The measurements in this case took place during the nightTable 1 Average values of the measuring campaign.Date Place Average Temperature Average Humidity18/06/201119/06/201120/06/201120/06/201121/06/201121/06/201122/09/201123/09/2011Heliotopos Hotel (Imerovigli Santorini)(day measurements)Traditional House in Oia Santorini(continuous 24 hours measurement)Heliophos Hotel in Traditional Village FoinikiesInternal Measurements (night measurement)Heliophos Hotel in Traditional Village FoinikiesExternal Measurements (day measurement)Ortahisar hotel (Cappadokia)24 hours internal measurement22.51 °C 94.0 %RH23.95 °C 88.5 %RH24.4 °C 79.4 %RH34.74 °C 45.6 %RH20,22 °C 69,8 %RHvolumeRicerca_OK_2012-11-15.indd 100 16/11/2012 15:01:53