saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris midgomebi
saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris midgomebi saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris midgomebi
5. biousafrTxoebasaqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis winaSe mdgari erT-erTi risk-faqtori Tanamedrovebioteqnologis meTodebiT miRebuli cocxali genetikurad modificirebuliorganizmebis garemoSi gavrcelebaa. es riski aramarto biologiuri mravalferovnebisdakargvas, aramed adamianis janmrTelobasac ukavSirdeba. genmodificirebuliorganizmebi (gmo) dakavSirebulia Tanamedrove bioteqnologiisa da genetikuriinJineriis ganviTarebasTan.gmo-m farTo gavrceleba hpova, gansakuTrebiT mcenareuli sakvebi kulturebiswarmoebaSi. miuxedavad sxvadasxva dadebiTi mxarisa, jer kidev mimdinareobs mecnierulidava imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad usafrTxoa adamianis janmrTelobisa dagaremosaTvis gmo-ebi. genebis gadanergvas mosdevs principulad axali formebiswarmoqmna, romelTa ujredebSic SesaZlebelia moxdes adamianisTvis saSiSinivTierebebis (toqsinebi, alergenebi da a.S.) sinTezireba, risi winaswarmetyveleba dagaTvlac SeuZlebelia. gmo warmoadgens axal organizms axali TvisebebiT. SeiZlebaes Tvisebebi saziano aRmoCndes rogorc adamianisaTvis (magaliTad, transgenurimcenaris sakvebad gamoyenebisas), ise ekosistemisaTvis (transgenuri mcenaris mtveriTSeiZleba moxdes sxva mcenaris damtverva da moxdes cvlilebebis mTeli jaWvi). gmo-sbunebaSi gavrceleba biomravalferovnebisaTvis SesaZloa igive efeqti iqonios, racucxo saxeobebis introducirebam. axali niSan-Tviseba, romelsac gmo-ebi SeiZenen,maT ufro konkurentunarians gaxdis adgilobriv saxeobeTan, an kulturul jiSebTanSedarebiT, ramac SesaZlebelia seriozuli ekologiuri darRvevebi gamoiwvios.transgenuri kulturebis damkvidreba biomravalferovnebis sxva saSiSroebisSemcvelicaa: genuri inJineria monokulturebis Seqmnis teqnologiaa. monokulturagenetikur erTgvarovnebas niSnavs, genetikurad erTgvarovani kulturebis naTesebiki bevrad mgrZnobiareni arian daavadebisa Tu garemos araxelsayreli pirobebismimarT.amrigad, gmo-s bunebaSi gavrcelebis Sedegad SesaZlebelia moxdes biomravalferovnebiscvlileba jer genetikur, Semdeg ki saxeobriv da ekosistemur doneze.genmodificirebuli organizmebis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba dasavleT evropisqveynebSi saTaves jer kidev gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis meore naxevridaniRebs. am droidan evropaSi sagrZnoblad gaizarda garemosdacviTi organizaciebis,fermerebisa da aseve mosaxleobis didi nawilis winaaRmdegoba genuri inJineriisgamoyenebiT miRebuli produqtebis mimarT. evropis xuTma qveyanam (avstria,luqsemburgi, safrangeTi, saberZneTi da didi britaneTi) genmodificirebulmcenareebze garkveuli akrZalvebi daawesa. aRsaniSnavia, rom genmodificirebulorganizmebidan Tavisufali zonebis Seqmnas iTvaliswinebs evrokavSiris mTelirigi qveynebis kanonmdebloba. Tanamedrove bioteqnologiis meTodebisa da maTSedegad miRebuli organizmebis gamoyenebisas biousafrTxoebis saTanado donisuzrunvelyofis mizniT, mTel rig qveynebSi da saerTaSoriso doneze SemuSavdagenmodificirebuli organizmebis samarTlebrivi regulirebis meqanizmebi. esmeqanizmebi ZiriTadad gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis 1992 wlis rio-de-Janeirosgaremosa da ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso konferenciaze 30 miRebul `biologiurimravalferovnebis Sesaxeb” konvencias efuZneba. aRniSnuli konvenciiT aRiarebuliqna, rom Tanamedrove bioteqnologiiT miRebuli genetikurad modificirebuliorganizmebi axal safrTxes uqmnian biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebas da maTgamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli riskis minimumamde Sesamcireblad aucilebeliasaTanado maregulirebeli sistemebis Seiqmna. genmodificirebuli organizmebis30 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Jeneiro, 199244
egulirebis CarCoebis gansazRvra sakmaod rTuli aRmoCnda. mTavar amocanaspotenciurad mniSvnelovan sargebelsa da garemosa da adamianTa janmrTelobisgarantirebul usafrTxoebas Soris saTanado balansis damyareba warmoadgenda.biousafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da regulirebis efeqturi sistemebis Seqmna,gansakuTrebiT genmodificirebuli organizmebis transsasazRvro gadaadgilebiskonteqstSi, SeuZlebeli iqneboda msoflios yvela qveynis koordinirebuli midgomisgareSe. swored am mizniT, biomravalferovnebis konvenciis farglebSi 2000 welsSemuSavda saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi dokumenti _ biousafrTxoebis kartaxenasoqmi, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2003 wlis 11 seqtembers.kartaxenis oqmis mizans warmoadgens usafrTxoebis saTanado donis dacva (adamianisjanmrTelobisTvis zianis miyenebis safrTxis gaTvaliswinebiT) Tanamedrovebioteqnologiis meTodebiT miRebuli iseTi genmodificirebuli organizmebisgamoyenebisas, romelTac SeuZliaT uaryofiTi zegavlena iqonion biologiurmravalferovnebaze. oqmi ZiriTadad gmo-ebis transsasazRvro gadaadgilebissakiTxebs exeba da saSualebas aZlevs importior, anu mimReb qveyanas, daicvasTavisi ekosistema SesaZlo uaryofiTi zemoqmedebisgan. kartaxenas oqmi adgenswinaswari dasabuTebuli Tanxmobis (advance informed agreement) proceduras, romeliciTvaliswinebs saxelmwifoebis uzrunvelyofas aucilebeli informaciiT, racmaT aseTi organizmebis importirebis, an misi akrZalvis Sesaxeb dasabuTebuligadawyvetilebis miRebis saSualebas miscems. informaciis warmodgena evalebaeqsportior, anu Semomtan qveyanas.procedurebsa da meqanizmebs, romlebic exmareba mimReb saxelmwifos gadawyvetilebismiRebaSi, adgens oqmis mxareTa konferencia. is aseve SeimuSavebs rekomendaciebsnebismier sakiTxze, rac aucilebelia am oqmis gansaxorcieleblad.kartaxenas oqmi efuZneba gaero-s 1992 wlis ~garemosa da ganviTarebis rio-de-Janeiros deklaraciis~ me-15 princips, romelic exeba usafrTxoebis winaswarizomebis miRebas. am principis arsia: rodesac arsebobs garemosaTvis seriozulida Seuqcevadi zianis miyenebis safrTxe, mis aRsakveTad mimarTuli RonisZiebebisgatarebis dabrkolebis mizezi ar unda gaxdes sarwmuno mecnieruli monacemebisada codnis ararseboba. kartaxenas oqmi monawile mxareebs SesaZleblobas aZlevsmosalodneli uaryofiTi zegavlenis Tavidan acilebis an maqsimaluri SezRudvisTvisdaaweson oqmiT dadgenilze ufro mkacri moTxovnebi erovnuli kanonmdeblobisSesabamisad. axali mecnieruli kvlevebis Sedegebis safuZvelze, mimReb qveyanasufleba aqvs gadaxedos Tavis gadawyvetilebas cocxali modificirebuli organizmisimportis (an misi SezRudvis) Sesaxeb da Secvalos is. oqmi aseve iTvaliswinebspotenciur mimReb garemoSi biologiuri mravalferovnebis SenarCunebaze (adamianisjanmrTelobis usafrTxoebis gaTvaliswinebiT) SesaZlo uaryofiTi zegavlenisanalizsa da regulirebas. mxareebma unda iTanamSromlon riskis SefasebissferoSi da uzrunvelyon saWiro zomebis miReba imisTvis, rom nebismieri cocxalimodificirebuli organizmi (rogorc importirebuli, aseve am qveyanaSi Seqmnili),gamoyenebamde gadiodes dakvirvebas misi sicocxlis ciklis an reproduqciisperiodis manZilze. ukanono transasazRvro gadaadgilebis SemTxvevaSi dazaralebulmxares SeuZlia mosTxovos warmoSobis mxares cocxali modificirebuli organizmismisive xarjiT amoReba. unda aRiniSnos, rom kartaxenis oqmi ar exeba im cocxalmodificirebul organizmebs, romelTa gadatana qveynidan qveyanaSi xdebafarmacevtuli an samkurnalo daniSnulebisTvis.evrokavSiris ZiriTadi kanonmdebloba genmodificirebis Sesaxeb moicavs Semdegaqtebs:45
- Page 1 and 2: iomravalferovnebis dacva da marTvas
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5. biousafrTxoebasaqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis winaSe mdgari erT-erTi risk-faqtori Tanamedrovebioteqnologis meTodebiT miRebuli cocxali genetikurad modificirebuliorganizmebis garemoSi gavrcelebaa. es riski aramarto biologiuri mravalferovnebis<strong>da</strong>kargvas, aramed a<strong>da</strong>mianis janmrTelobasac ukavSirdeba. genmodificirebuliorganizmebi (gmo) <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia Tanamedrove bioteqnologiisa <strong>da</strong> genetikuriinJineriis ganviTarebasTan.gmo-m farTo gavrceleba hpova, gansakuTrebiT mcenareuli sakvebi kulturebiswarmoebaSi. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>debiTi mxarisa, jer kidev mimdinareobs mecnieruli<strong>da</strong>va imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad usafrTxoa a<strong>da</strong>mianis janmrTelobisa <strong>da</strong>garemosaTvis gmo-ebi. genebis ga<strong>da</strong>nergvas mosdevs principulad axali formebiswarmoqmna, romelTa ujredebSic SesaZlebelia moxdes a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvis saSiSinivTierebebis (toqsinebi, alergenebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.) sinTezireba, risi winaswarmetyveleba <strong>da</strong>gaTvlac SeuZlebelia. gmo warmoadgens axal organizms axali TvisebebiT. SeiZlebaes Tvisebebi saziano aRmoCndes rogorc a<strong>da</strong>mianisaTvis (magaliTad, transgenurimcenaris sakvebad gamoyenebisas), ise ekosistemisaTvis (transgenuri mcenaris mtveriTSeiZleba moxdes sxva mcenaris <strong>da</strong>mtverva <strong>da</strong> moxdes cvlilebebis mTeli jaWvi). gmo-sbunebaSi gavrceleba biomravalferovnebisaTvis SesaZloa igive efeqti iqonios, racucxo saxeobebis introducirebam. axali niSan-Tviseba, romelsac gmo-ebi SeiZenen,maT ufro konkurentunarians gaxdis adgilobriv saxeobeTan, an kulturul jiSebTanSe<strong>da</strong>rebiT, ramac SesaZlebelia seriozuli ekologiuri <strong>da</strong>rRvevebi gamoiwvios.transgenuri kulturebis <strong>da</strong>mkvidreba biomravalferovnebis sxva saSiSroebisSemcvelicaa: genuri inJineria monokulturebis Seqmnis teqnologiaa. monokulturagenetikur erTgvarovnebas niSnavs, genetikurad erTgvarovani kulturebis naTesebiki bevrad mgrZnobiareni arian <strong>da</strong>avadebisa Tu garemos araxelsayreli pirobebismimarT.amrigad, gmo-s bunebaSi gavrcelebis Sedegad SesaZlebelia moxdes biomravalferovnebiscvlileba jer genetikur, Semdeg ki saxeobriv <strong>da</strong> ekosistemur doneze.genmodificirebuli organizmebis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba <strong>da</strong>savleT evropisqveynebSi saTaves jer kidev gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis meore naxevri<strong>da</strong>niRebs. am droi<strong>da</strong>n evropaSi sagrZnoblad gaizar<strong>da</strong> garemos<strong>da</strong>cviTi organizaciebis,fermerebisa <strong>da</strong> aseve mosaxleobis didi nawilis winaaRmdegoba genuri inJineriisgamoyenebiT miRebuli produqtebis mimarT. evropis xuTma qveyanam (avstria,luqsemburgi, safrangeTi, saberZneTi <strong>da</strong> didi britaneTi) genmodificirebulmcenareebze garkveuli akrZalvebi <strong>da</strong>awesa. aRsaniSnavia, rom genmodificirebulorganizmebi<strong>da</strong>n Tavisufali zonebis Seqmnas iTvaliswinebs <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> mTelirigi qveynebis kanonmdebloba. Tanamedrove bioteqnologiis meTodebisa <strong>da</strong> maTSedegad miRebuli organizmebis gamoyenebisas biousafrTxoebis saTanado donisuzrunvelyofis mizniT, mTel rig qveynebSi <strong>da</strong> saerTaSoriso doneze SemuSav<strong>da</strong>genmodificirebuli organizmebis samarTlebrivi regulirebis meqanizmebi. esmeqanizmebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis 1992 wlis rio-de-Janeirosgaremosa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso konferenciaze 30 miRebul `biologiurimravalferovnebis Sesaxeb” konvencias efuZneba. aRniSnuli konvenciiT aRiarebuliqna, rom Tanamedrove bioteqnologiiT miRebuli genetikurad modificirebuliorganizmebi axal safrTxes uqmnian biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebas <strong>da</strong> maTgamoyenebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli riskis minimumamde Sesamcireblad aucilebeliasaTanado maregulirebeli sistemebis Seiqmna. genmodificirebuli organizmebis30 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Jeneiro, 199244
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