koordinacias <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cviTi aqtivobebis marTvas axorcielebs bunebis konservaciisdepartamenti. mis funqciaSi Sedis yvela tipis <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriis iuridiulisafuZvlis momzadeba, <strong>da</strong>cvis wesebis harmonizeba arsebul kanonmdeblobasTan,menejmentis gegmebis momzadeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cviTi RonisZiebebis marTva. zogierT<strong>da</strong>cul teritorias hyavs sakuTari administracia. sxvebs ki marTaven saministrosteritoriuli organoebi - garemos <strong>da</strong>cvis erovnuli departamentebi. <strong>da</strong>culiteritoriebis <strong>da</strong>arsebaSi didi roli iTamaSa zogierTma estonurma arasamTavroboorganizaciam. erTi eronuli parkis marTvas, kontraqtis safuZvelze, axorcielebsarasamTavrobo organizacia, romelic amisaTvis iRebs <strong>da</strong>finansebas saxelmwifobiujeti<strong>da</strong>n. <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis <strong>da</strong>finanseba xdeba saxelmwifo biujeti<strong>da</strong>n.<strong>da</strong>narCeni <strong>da</strong>finanseba xdeba <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> fondebi<strong>da</strong>n _ mag., LIFE NATURA PROJECT.am fondi<strong>da</strong>n finansdeba ekosistemebze <strong>da</strong> saxeobebze orientirebuli proeqtebi (mag.haademeestes wyalWarbi teritoriebis aRdgena <strong>da</strong> menejmenti, jvriani tritoniskonservacia aRmosavleT baltiis regionSi), romelTac axorcielebs zemoxsenebulibunebis konservaciis departamenti.slovakeTSi <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis marTvas axorcielebs garemos <strong>da</strong>cvis saministro<strong>da</strong> sxva saxelmwifo saagentoebi (slovakeTis respublikis bunebis <strong>da</strong>cvis samsaxuri<strong>da</strong> slovakeTis garemos <strong>da</strong>cvis saagento).slovakeTis teritoria kanonmdeblobis mixedviT <strong>da</strong>yofilia xuT doned. pirvelidonis teritoria ar aris <strong>da</strong>cvis qveS, me-2– me-5 doneebi ki warmoadgenen sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvakategoriis <strong>da</strong>cul teritoriebs. me-2 done <strong>da</strong>culi landSaftebia, me-3 done –erovnuli parkebi, me-4 <strong>da</strong> me-5 doneebi – mkacrad <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebia (nakrZalebi,bunebis Zeglebi, erovnuli nakrZalebi, erovnuli bunebis Zeglebi). 2003 wlismonacemebiT sul arsebob<strong>da</strong> 1100-ze meti <strong>da</strong>culi obieqti <strong>da</strong> qveynis teritoriis25% iyo <strong>da</strong>culi romelime kategoriis qveS.did britaneTSi arsebuli <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebi<strong>da</strong>n aRsaniSnavia erovnuli parkebi,romelTa umetesoba Seqmnilia 1951-57 wlebSi. mxolod erTia CamoyalibebulimogvianebiT, 1989 wels. erovnul parkebs aarsebs erovnuli parkebis komisia <strong>da</strong>amtkicebs mTavroba. TiToeuls marTavs parkis administracia. gar<strong>da</strong> erovnuliparkebisa warmodgelia: erovnuli bunebis nakrZalebi, sazRvao nakrZalebi, specialurisamecniero interesis teritoriebi (es aris garemos <strong>da</strong>cvis mTavari instrumenti,romelSic Sedian: yvela biosferuli nakrZali, biogenetikuri nakrZalebi, specialuri<strong>da</strong>cvis areebi, ramsar saitebi <strong>da</strong> sxv. – sul britaneTis teritoriis 8%), adgilobrivibunebis aRkveTilebi (adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebi, romelicSeiZleba <strong>da</strong>aarsos <strong>da</strong> marTos adgilobrivma mTavrobam), erovnuli mniSvnelobisbunebrivi silamaziT gamorCeuli arealebi <strong>da</strong> sxv. britaneTSi <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebissakmaod rTuli sistemaa, maT SeiZleba marTavdnen <strong>da</strong> sakuTrebaSi qondeT sxva<strong>da</strong>svaerovnul garemos<strong>da</strong>cviT saagentoebs. arsebobs ramdenime sakonsultacio sabWo,romelic rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebs umzadebs mTavrobas. 1991 wels parlamentma Seqmnasamsaxuri ”inglisis buneba” (English Nature), romlis movaleobaSic Sedis inglisisbiomravalferovnebis, geologiuri <strong>da</strong> geomorfologiuri simdidris <strong>da</strong>cva.Natura 2000 qseli Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan izrdeba. es xdeba aramarto evrokavSirSi axladgaerTianebuli qveynebis xarjze, aramed wevri qveynebis SigniT <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebisgafarTobis saSualebiTac. magaliTad, estoneTis mTliani teritoriis mxolod10,7% iyo <strong>da</strong>culi 2003 wels. dReisaTvis <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebi moicaven qveynis16%-s. Natura 2000 qseli estoneTSi moicavs 66 frinvelTaTvis mniSvnelovan <strong>da</strong>509 bunebriv teritorias. 2007 wlis 1 ianvrisaTvis estoneTis Natura 2000 qselSiSemavali yvela teritoria moeqca <strong>da</strong>cvis qveS. es obieqtebia: 100 bunebis nakrZali,131 bunebrivi landSafti, 239 <strong>da</strong>culi are, 5 erovnuli parki, 539 satyeo parki<strong>da</strong> 2 adgilobrivi obieqti. teritoriebi, romelzec vrceldeba <strong>da</strong>cviTi reJimebi36
(<strong>da</strong>culi landSaftebi, bunebis nakrZalebi, aRkveTilebi, parkebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>culi tyiskoromebi) moicaven 553,08 heqtar xmeleTisa <strong>da</strong> 87,429 heqtar wylis teritorias.teritoriebi, romlezec sruldeba saqmianobebis nawilobrivi SezRudvebi moicaven130,896 ha xmeleTsa <strong>da</strong> 507,436 ha wylis farTobs. adgilobrivi xelisuflebebis<strong>da</strong>culi farTobebi moicaven 1,347 ha-s.gaizar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis farTobebebi evropis sxva qveynebSic. CexeTSi<strong>da</strong>culia qveynis 15%, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT amdenive avstriaSi. sloveniaSi Seqmnilia 286Natura 2000 saiti – 260 ”habitatebis Sesaxeb direqtivis”, xolo 26 ”frinvelTaSesaxeb direqtivis” Sesabamisad. saitebs ukaviaT qveynis teritoriis 36%, racevropaSi yvelaze didi maCvenebelia (magaliTebad motanilia is qveynebi, romlebicteritoriis sididiT, fizikur-georafiuli mdgomareobiTa <strong>da</strong> tyeebiT <strong>da</strong>faruliteritoriebiT hgvanan saqarTvelos).3.2.3 rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi1) <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis gazr<strong>da</strong>rogorc aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos teritoriis mxolod 6,7%-ia <strong>da</strong>culi teritoria<strong>da</strong> am maCvenebliT sakmaod CamorCeba evropis qveynebs. es maSin, roca saqarTvelosbiomravalferovnebis Rirebuleba gacilebiT maRalia, vidre evropis qveynebis. Natura2000 mniSvnelovani iaraRia konservaciisaTvis, ris mniSvnelobasac sistematuradesmeba xazi evrokomisiisa <strong>da</strong> evropis qveynebis mTavrobebis oficialur dokumentebSi.aqve xazgasmiT un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom Natura 2000 saiti ar niSnavs, rom iq aucilebla<strong>da</strong>krZaluli un<strong>da</strong> iyos a<strong>da</strong>mianis saqmianoba an SeizRudos Sesvla. xSir SemTxvevaSi,saitebi xels uwyobs a<strong>da</strong>mianis tradiciul saqmianobas <strong>da</strong> axal samuSao adgilebsa <strong>da</strong>SesaZlelobebs warmoqmnis.2004 wels saqarTveloSi, garemosa <strong>da</strong> bunebrivi resursebis <strong>da</strong>cvis saministros mierganxorcielebuli proeqtiT, Sedga ”zurmuxtovani qselis” kandi<strong>da</strong>ti teritoriebisnusxa <strong>da</strong> gaigzavna bernis konvenciis samdivnoSi. qveynis biomravalferovnebisSenarCunebisaTvis, evropis samezoblo politikis ganxorcielebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaerovnuli strategiebis harmonizaciisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelovani iqneba, TugaTvaliswinebuli iqneba zurmuxtovani qselis kandi<strong>da</strong>ti teritoriebisaTvissxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis Seqmna.bunebis <strong>da</strong>cvis msoflio kavSiris kavkasiis programebis ofisma (WWF CaucasusPO) SeimuSava rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi saqarTvelos mTavrobisaTvis, romlis mixedviTacsaqarTvelos tyeeebis 15% saWiroa gamocxaddes maRali kategoriis <strong>da</strong>culteritoriebad (IUCN I-IV kategoria). gafarToebis sqemaSi gansazRvrulia asevesamigracio derefnebic. es dokumentic SesaZloa safuZvlad <strong>da</strong>edos gafarToebissqemas. rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi eyrdnoba mecnierebisa <strong>da</strong> eqspertebis ramdenimewlianimuSaobis Sedegebs, romlis mixedviTac mox<strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovani teritoriebisa <strong>da</strong>samigracio gzebis identifikacia 26 .2) <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis modernizaciasabWoTa periodSi Seqmnili <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebi ver pasuxoben TanamedrovemoTxovnebs. zogierT maTganSi arsebuli nakrZalis reJimi ar sruldeba mcirefarTobisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxlebul punqtebTan siaxlovis gamo. calkeuli ekosistemebi kiisea degradirebuli, rom maTi aRdgena aqtiur menejments moiTxovs, rasac krZalavs26 saqarTvelos interesi <strong>da</strong> mzadyofna <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis ganviTarebisTvis mkafiod gaJRer<strong>da</strong>samxreT kavkasiis garemos <strong>da</strong>cvis ministrebis Sexvedraze, berlinSi, 2006 wlis martSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c saqarTvelosgaremos <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> bunebrivi resursebis ministrma auwya <strong>da</strong>mswre sazogadoebas saqarTvelosinteresis Sesaxeb – gaavrcelos <strong>da</strong>cvis reJimi qveynis 1/5-ze.37