sazogadoebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n. magram ekoturizmis ganviTareba un<strong>da</strong> iyos biomravalferovnebiskonservaciis Tanamdevi procesi <strong>da</strong> ara piriqiT – <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis arsebobismTavari amocana.garemos <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> bunebrivi resursebis saministros momavali 3 wlis gegmaSi,romelic mocemulia 2007 wlis biujetis Sesaxeb kanonSi mocemulia ori programa,romelic ukavSirdeba <strong>da</strong>cul teritoriebs:programa “<strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis xanZarsawinaaRmdego <strong>da</strong> mavneblebisagan <strong>da</strong>cvisRonisZiebebi”:• xanZarsaSiS periodSi (5 Tve) 19 erTeul <strong>da</strong>cul teritoriaze mexanZre-<strong>da</strong>rajebis<strong>da</strong>qiraveba;• xanZarsawinaaRmdego Txrilebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva aucilebeli prevenciuli RonisZiebebisgatareba;• cxovelTa <strong>da</strong> mcenareTa samyaros paTologiebisagan <strong>da</strong>cvis RonisZieba.programa “ekoturizmis ganviTareba”:• sainformacio produqciis gavrceleba, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise msofliossxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynebSi;• reklamireba masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT;• nakrZalebis veb-gverdebis Seqmna;• turistul gamofenebsa <strong>da</strong> bazrobebSi monawileoba.rogorc vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, mTavari problema, romelic xels uSlis mcenareTa <strong>da</strong> cxovelTagenofondis <strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebas – brakonieroba –saxelmwifo programebSi yuradRebis gareSea <strong>da</strong>rCenili. ar igegmeba fizikuri<strong>da</strong>cvis meqanizmebisa <strong>da</strong> saSualebebis gaZliereba. cxovelTa <strong>da</strong> mcenareTa samyarospaTologiebisagan <strong>da</strong>cva, razec programaSi aqcentia gakeTebuli, mniSvnelovani,magram brakonierobasTan <strong>da</strong> tyis WrasTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT naklebi problemaa. rasSeexeba ekoturizmis ganviTarebas, aq aqcentia ara turistuli infrastuqturisa <strong>da</strong>interpretaciis programebis, an monitoringis sakiTxebze, aramed <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis“piarze”. TanamSromelTa ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> kvalifikaciis amaRlebisaTvis ar aris<strong>da</strong>gegmili aranairi saxelmwifo programa. es im fonze, rom <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebisa <strong>da</strong>biomravalferovnebis Sesaxeb codnis deficiti TvalsaCinoa rogorc departamentiscentralur aparatSi, ise <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis administraciebis TanamSromelTaSoris.aqtiurad ganixileba <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis kerZo sakuTrebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>cemis sakiTxi.am meTodiT TiTqos SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis winaSe arsebuli finansuriproblemebis mogvareba. yuradsaRebia, rom amgvari praqtika msoflioSi ar arsebobs.terminebic ki – erovnuli parki <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo nakrZali – mianiSnebs, rom eserovnuli <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo sakuTrebaa.1996 wli<strong>da</strong>n axali kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>msxvili donorebis <strong>da</strong>finansebuli ramodenime proeqti, romliTac Seiqmna <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>finans<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis Seqmna-ganviTareba. es proeqtebi ZalzemniSvnelovani iyo qveynisaTvis, magram un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva subieqturi <strong>da</strong>obieqturi procesebis Sedegad ar iyo imdenad efeqturi, rom aRmofxvriliyo <strong>da</strong>culteritoriebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli problemebi, romlebzec zemoT gvqon<strong>da</strong> saubari;ver Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> gamarTuli instituciuri <strong>da</strong> sakanonmdeblo baza <strong>da</strong> efeqturadmomuSave <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis sistema.34
3.2.2 saerTaSoriso gamocdilebarogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Natura 2000 aris evrogaerTianebis teritoriaze arsebuli<strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis ekologiuri qseli. ”habitatebis Sesaxeb diteqtiva” <strong>da</strong>”frinvelTa Sesaxeb direqtiva warmoadgens ”natura 2000 qselis” safuZvels.”frinvelTa Sesaxeb direqtiva” awesebs specialur <strong>da</strong>cviT areebs (SPA-SpecialProtected Areas), xolo ”habitatebis Sesaxeb direqtiva” konservaciis specialuriarealebs (SAC-Special Areas of Conservation). am ori tipis teritoriebis gaerTianebiTiqmneba ”natura 2000”-is qseli. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> yvela wevri qveyana valdebuliaTavisi mniSvnelovani habitatebis sia Seadginos ”habitatebis Sesaxeb direqtivisa”<strong>da</strong> ”frinvelTa Sesaxeb direqtivis” <strong>da</strong>narTebis mixedviT <strong>da</strong> es sia <strong>da</strong>samtkicebladwarudginos evrokomisias (<strong>da</strong>narTebSi mocemulia rogorc habitatebis tipebis, isesaxeobaTa CamonaTvalic). NATURA 2000 qseliT <strong>da</strong>culia evrokavSirSi 2004 wlamdegawevrianebuli 15 saxelmwifos saerTo farTobis 18%. mas Semdeg rac 2004 welsevrokavSirs Seemata 10 qveyana, Sesabamisad gaiza<strong>da</strong> NATURA 2000 saitebis raodenoba<strong>da</strong> qselis farTobi 23 .rogorc aRvniSneT, NATURA 2000 qselSi teritoriebis Setana xdeba erTnairikriteriumebiT, Tumca sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynebSi arsebuli <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebigansxvavdebian erTmaneTisan. gansxvavebuli SeiZleba iyos <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriiskategoriebis saxelwodebebi, aseve marTvisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>finansebis formebi.magaliTad, italiaSi arsebobs <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis Semdegi kategoriebi:erovnuli parkebi, regionuli <strong>da</strong> interregionuli bunebis parkebi, bunebisnakrZalebi, saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis mqone humiduri zonebi, sxva <strong>da</strong>culiteritoriebi, e.w. oazisebi, specialuri <strong>da</strong>cvis zonebi, specialuri konservaciuli<strong>da</strong> saTemo mniSvnelobis teritoriebi, samecniero aRmoCenebis saxmeleTo <strong>da</strong> sazRvaoadgilebi. italiis <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebi gaerTianebuli arian ramdenime qselSi.esenia: <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis erovnuli qseli, Natura 2000, <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebisalpuri qseli, iuneskos qseli a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> biosfero (MAB 24 - WCPA 25 ), veSapisnairTasazRvao TavSesafari. <strong>da</strong>cul teritoriebs, kategoriebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, marTaven<strong>da</strong> afinanseben centraluri xelisuflebis an regionuli instituciebi. e.w. oazisebsSeiZleba marTavdnen iyvnen garemos<strong>da</strong>cviTi arakomerciuli organizaciebi (regionulikanonmdeblobis safuZvelze)s an kerZo subieqtebi (sakoncesio kontraqtebis an sxvasajaro valdebulebebis safuZvelze).espaneTSi arseboben Semdegi tipis <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebi: parkebi, romelSic Sedian:1) bunebis parkebi (regionuli parkebi, qalaqis parkebi, biosferuli rezervatebi)<strong>da</strong> erovnuli parkebi; 2) nakrZalebi; 3) bunebis Zeglebi; 4) <strong>da</strong>culi landSaftebi.garkveuli kategoriis <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebi – mcire zomisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>bali konservaciuliRirebulebis - imarTeba avtonomiuri regionebis mier (katalonia, an<strong>da</strong>luzia,baskeTi <strong>da</strong> a.S.). <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis <strong>da</strong>finanseba ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d xdeba avtonomiuriregionebis mier, kerZod TiToeuli regionis garemos departamentis mier. sxvafinansuri resursebi modis saerTo evropuli proeqtebis fondebi<strong>da</strong>n, mag: LIFENATURA Project, LEADER.estoneTSi arseboben Semdegi tipis <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebi: erovnuli parkebi, bunebiskonservaciis areebi, <strong>da</strong>culi landSaftebi. <strong>da</strong>cul teritoriebs marTavs estoneTisgaremos <strong>da</strong>cvis saministro. saministros SigniT <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis funqcionirebis23 NATURA 2000 valdebulebebis Seusruleblobis gamo, evrokomisiam <strong>da</strong>iwyo poloneTis winaaRmdeg procedura,rasac SesaZloa mkacri sanqciebi mohyves.24 MAB-Man and Biosphere UNESCO initiative25 WCPA – World Comission on Protected Areas of the World Conservation Union (IUCN)35