ISBN 978-9941-0-1838-1
ISBN 978-9941-0-1838-1
ISBN 978-9941-0-1838-1
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amerikis kardiologTa asociaciis (AHA) / amerikis insultis<br />
asociaciis (ASA) mier SemuSavebuli<br />
anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis marTvis gaidlaini<br />
Joshua B. Bederson, MD, Chair; E. Sander Connolly, Jr, MD, FAHA,<br />
Vice-Chair; H. Hunt Batjer, MD; Ralph G. Dacey, MD, FAHA; Jacques E. Dion, MD,<br />
FRCPC; M ichael N. Diringer, MD, F AHA; John E. Duldner,<br />
Jr, MD, MS; R obert E. Harbaugh, MD, FAHA; Aman B . Patel,<br />
MD; Robert H. Rosenwasser, MD, FAHA<br />
Targmani:<br />
Stroke. 2009;40:994-1025<br />
© 2009 American Heart Association, Inc.<br />
http://stroke.ahajournals.org<br />
gvanca kevliSvili<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedicino universitetis me-5 kursis studenti.<br />
redaqtorebi:<br />
lado wiqariSvili<br />
medicinis doqtori;<br />
q. Tbilisis pirveli saavadmyofo, sauniversiteto klinika-neiroqirurgiis centri;<br />
saqarTvlos Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis saministros eqsperti<br />
neiroqirurgiaSi;<br />
amerikis neiroqirurgTa asociaciis saerTaSoriso wevri.<br />
irina xatiaSvili<br />
medicinis doqtori;<br />
s. xeCinaSvilis sax. sauniversiteto klinika. nevrologiis departamenti<br />
oTar tatiSvili<br />
medicinis doqtori, asistent profesori.<br />
q. Tbilisis pirveli saavadmyofo, sauniversiteto klinika-neiroqirurgiis<br />
centri;<br />
marika megreliSvili<br />
s. xeCinaSvilis saxelobis sauniversiteto klinika, nevrologiis departamenti;<br />
daTo gunia<br />
q. Tbilisis pirveli saavadmyofo, sauniversiteto<br />
klinika-neiroqirurgiis centri;<br />
eka mirvelaSvili<br />
medicinis doqtori;<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedicino universitetis sazogadoebrivi jandacvis<br />
saerTaSoriso skola.<br />
<strong>ISBN</strong> <strong>978</strong>-<strong>9941</strong>-0-<strong>1838</strong>-1
sarCevi<br />
I. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis marTvis gaidlaini .................... 3<br />
II. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis sixSire da gavrceleba ......... 8<br />
III. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis riskis faqtorebi ................... 13<br />
IV. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis prevencia .....................................................................16<br />
V. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis<br />
bunebrivi mimdinareoba da gamosavali .....................................................................21<br />
VI. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis<br />
klinikuri gamovlinebebi da diagnostika ............................................................ 27<br />
VII. gadaudebeli samedicino Sefaseba da preoperaciuli movla .................. 35<br />
VIII. ganmeorebiTi subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis<br />
Tavidan acilebis samkurnalo RonisZiebebi ........................................................ 38<br />
IX. gamskdari anevrizmebis endovaskuluri da qirurgiuli mkurnaloba 42<br />
X. saavadmyofos maxasiaTeblebi da mkurnalobis meTodebi ............................ 64<br />
XI. anesTeziis marTva qirurgiuli da endovaskuluri<br />
mkurnalobis dros ............................................................................................................... 70<br />
XII. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis Semdgomi arteriuli spazmis marTva ...... 73<br />
XIII. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiiT gamowveuli hidrocefaliis marTva ........ 86<br />
XIV. subaraqnoidul hemoragiasTan dakavSirebuli gulyrebis marTva ......... 88<br />
XV. hi ponatriemiis marTva ....................................................................................................... 91<br />
Sejameba da daskvnebi .........................................................................................................93<br />
danarTi 1 .................................................................................................................................. 94<br />
danarTi 2 .................................................................................................................................. 96<br />
literatura ............................................................................................................................. 98
I. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis marTvis gaidlaini<br />
subaraqnoiduli hemoragia (sah) farTod gavrcelebuli<br />
da, xSir SemTxvavaSi, fataluri Sedegis mqone mdgomareobaa,<br />
romelzec insultebis daaxloebiT 5% modis. aSS-Si<br />
weliwadSi sah-is mqone daaxloebiT 30 000 pacienti<br />
aRiricxeba. 1,2 amerikis kardiologTa asociaciam 1994 wels<br />
gamoaqveyna anevrizmis Sedegad ganviTarebuli subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis marTvis gaidlaini. 3 mas Semdeg mniSvnelovnad<br />
ganviTarda endovaskuluri qirurgiuli Carevis teqnika,<br />
diagnostirebis meTodebi, qirurgiuli da perioperaciuli<br />
marTvis paradigmebi. miuxedavad amisa, subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis mqone pacientebis gamosavali rCeba cudi, kerZod<br />
sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli daaxloebiT 45%-s Seadgens.<br />
aseve maRalia avadoba (unarSezdulobis xarisxi). 4,9 mravalma<br />
multicentrulma, randomizirebulma da, aseve, prospeqtulma<br />
kohortulma kvlevam gavlena moaxdina subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis mkurnalobis protokolze. miuxedavad amisa,<br />
mkurnalobis axali modelebis mzardma ganviTarebam, iseve<br />
rogorc, sxva praqtikulma da eTikurma sakiTxebma gamoavlina,<br />
rom samkurnalo protokolis zusti klinikuri samecniero<br />
mtkicebulebebi mTel rig mniSvnelovan sferoebSi ar aris<br />
sworad SerCeuli.<br />
am naSromis gamosaqveyneblad, amerikis kardiologTa<br />
asociaciis insultis sabWom Camoayaliba jgufi, romelic<br />
Seqmnida anevrizmis Sedegad ganviTarebuli sah-is marTvis<br />
rekomendaciebs. 1994 wels gamoqveynebuli rekomendaciebis<br />
ganaxlebis mizniT komitetma sistemuri literaturuli<br />
mimoxilva Caatara, romelic damyarebuli iyo Medline-Si<br />
- 3 -
Ziebaze, raTa gamoevlinaT 1994 wlis 30 ivnisidan 2006<br />
wlis 1 noembramde gamoqveynebuli yvela randomizirebuli<br />
da maRali sarwmunoebis mqone klinikuri kvleva. (saZiebo<br />
terminebi iyo: subaraqnoiduli hemoragia, Tavis tvinis<br />
anevrizma, kvleva; ix. cxrili 1). TiToeuli identificirebuli<br />
statia sul mcire 2 mkvlevaris mier iyo ganxiluli.<br />
SerCeul statias unda daekmayofilebina Semdegi kriteriumebi:<br />
randomizirebuli kvleva an ararandomizirebuli konkurentuli<br />
kohortuli kvleva. aseve ganxiluli iyo SemTxvevaTa<br />
seriebi da ararandomizirebuli retrospeqtuli kohortuli<br />
kvlevebi. am naSromebis SerCeva xdeboda Catarebuli kvlevebis<br />
moculobis da mniSvnelobis mixedviT, ZiriTad Tematur<br />
gaidlainebze dayrdnobiT. 10 komitetis mier wardgenili<br />
rekomendaciebi pasuxobdnen amerikis gulis asociaciis mier<br />
SemuSavebul mtkicebulebaTa xarisxis gansazRvris sqemas. 11,12<br />
(ix. cxrilebi 2 da 3). SemuSavebuli rekomedaciebis mizania<br />
anevrizmis Sedegad ganviTarebul subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis<br />
mkurnalobis Sesaxeb yvela arsebuli mtkicebulebis Sejameba<br />
da samomavlo kvlevebis arealis gansaRvra. subaraqnoduli<br />
hemoragiis mqone pacientis mkurnaloba saWiroebs individualur<br />
midgomas.<br />
- 4 -
DYWRUHEL ZHOL PNXUQDORELV VD[H VDUJHEHOL<br />
Van den Bergh<br />
et al 415<br />
Hop et al 416<br />
Schmid-<br />
Elsaesser et al<br />
499<br />
Wong et al 176<br />
2006 DVSLULQL 161 JYLDQL L6HPLUL<br />
QHYURORJLXUL GHILFLWL DU<br />
6HPFLUGD<br />
2000 DVSLULQL 50 7YLV 6HPGHJ JDPRVDYDOL<br />
DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
2006 PDJQLXPLV<br />
VXOIDWL<br />
cxrili 1.<br />
113 QLPRGLSLQ7DQ 6HGDUHEL7<br />
JDPRVDYDOL DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
2006 PDJQLXPLV<br />
VXOIDWL<br />
60 JDPRVDYDOL DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
Van den Bergh<br />
et al<br />
- 5 -<br />
409<br />
2005 PDJQLXPLV 283 QDNOHEL [DULV[LV JYLDQL<br />
VXOIDWL<br />
FHUHEUXOL L6HPLD GD FXGL<br />
JDPRVDYDOL<br />
Veyna 500<br />
2002 PDJQLXPLV 40 DU 6HPFLUGD NOLQLNXUL<br />
VXOIDWL<br />
YD]RVSD]PL<br />
Molyneux et<br />
al 185<br />
2005 GDC - JXJOLHPLV 2143 QDNOHEL<br />
PRZ\YHWDGL<br />
VLNYGLOLDQRED HSLOHIVLD<br />
VSLUDOHEL<br />
PHWL UHKHPRUDJLD<br />
Molyneux et<br />
al 258<br />
2002 GDC 2143 QDNOHEL VLNYGLOLDQRED<br />
XNH7HVL JDPRVDYDOL<br />
Koivisto et<br />
al 299<br />
2000 GDC 109 7YLV 6HPGHJ JDPRVDYDOL<br />
DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
Vanninen et<br />
al 501<br />
1999 GDC 109 7YLV 6HPGHJ JDPRVDYDOL<br />
DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
Vajkoczy et<br />
al 425<br />
2005 HQGR7HOLQLV 32 DQJLJUDILXOL YD]RVSD]PLV<br />
DQWDJRQLVWL<br />
QDNOHEL VL[6LUH LQWHQVLYRED<br />
Shaw et al 426<br />
2000 HQGR7HOLQLV 420 QDNOHEL JYLDQL L6HPLUL<br />
DQWDJRQLVWL<br />
QHYURORJLXUL GHILFLWLV<br />
WHQGHQFLD JDPRVDYOLV<br />
JDXPMREHVHELV JDUH6H<br />
Lynch et al 428<br />
2005 VWDWLQL<br />
39 6HPFLUGD NOLQLNXUL<br />
VLPYDVWDWLQL<br />
YD]RVSD]PLV VL[6LUH<br />
Tseng et al 429<br />
2005 VWDWLQL<br />
80 QDNOHEL<br />
SUDYDVWDWLQL<br />
VLNYGLOLDQRED GRSOHURJUDI<br />
LXOL YD]RVSD]PLV VL[6LUH<br />
Anderson 502<br />
2006 KLSR7HUPLD 1001 7YLV 6HPGHJ<br />
QHLURIVLTRORJLXUL<br />
JDPRVDYDOL DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
Todd et al 364<br />
2005 KLSR7HUPLD 1001 7YLV 6HPGHJ JDPRVDYDOL<br />
DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
Karibe 503<br />
2000 KLSR7HUPLD 24 7DYLV WYLQ6L VLV[OLV<br />
PLPRTFHYLV VZUDIL<br />
JDXPMREHVHED<br />
Hindman 404<br />
1999 114
1999 KLSR7HUPLD 114 GD 7YLV 6HPGHJ<br />
Diringer<br />
JDPRVDYDOL JDXPMREHVGD<br />
- 6 -<br />
505<br />
2004 QRUPR7HUPLD 296 ND7HWHUL7 JDPRZYHXOL<br />
F[HOHELV 6HPFLUHED<br />
Reinert et al 427 2004 WUDQVGHUPDOXUL 17 7DYLV WYLQ6L VLV[OLV<br />
QLWURJOLFHULQL PLPRTFHYLV PRPDWHED<br />
Klopfenstein et<br />
al 469<br />
2004 YHQWULNXOXUL 81 DU 6HLFYDOD 6XQWLUHELV<br />
ND7HWHULV<br />
PRFLOHED<br />
VD:LURHED<br />
Wurm et al 417<br />
2004 HQRTVDSDULQL 117 GRSOHURJUDILXOL<br />
YD]RVSD]PL DU 6HPFLUGD<br />
Siironen et<br />
al 418<br />
2003 HQRTVDSDULQL 170 7YLV 6HPGHJ JDPRVDYDOL<br />
DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
Moro 506<br />
2003 KLGURNRUWL]RQL 28 JDXPMREHVGD QDWULXPLV<br />
EDODQVL<br />
Mori et al 496<br />
1999 IOXGURNRUWL]R 30 7YLV 6HPGHJ JDPRVDYDOL<br />
QL<br />
DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
Mayer et al 391<br />
1998 LDQL DOEXPLQL 43 JDXPMREHVGD QDWULXPLV<br />
EDODQVL<br />
Hamada 507<br />
2003 LQWUD7HNDOXUL 110 6HPFLUGD VLPSWRPXUL<br />
XURNLQD]D<br />
YD]RVSD]PL<br />
Findlay 508<br />
1995 LQWUD7HNDOXUL 91 DQJLRJUDILXOL YD]RVSD]PL<br />
UHNRPELQDQWXOL<br />
TVRYLORYDQL<br />
SOD]PLQRJHQLV<br />
DTWLYDWRUL<br />
DU 6HPFLUGD<br />
Hillman et al 140 2002 WUDQHTVDPLV P-DYD 505 6HPFLUGD UHKHPRUDJLLV<br />
VL[6LUH JDPRVDYDO]H<br />
JDYOHQD DU D5LQL6QD<br />
Roos 509<br />
2000 WUDQHTVDPLV P-DYD 462 6HPFLUGD UHKHPRUDJLLV<br />
VL[6LUH JDPRVDYDO]H<br />
JDYOHQD DU D5LQL6QD<br />
Egge et al 389<br />
2001 KLSHUYROHPLD 32 DU D5LQL6QD JDYOHQD<br />
NOLQLNXU GRSOHURJUDILXO<br />
YD]RVSD]P]H<br />
Lennihan et<br />
al 385<br />
2000 KLSHUYROHPLD 82 DU 6HPFLUGD VLPSWRPXUL<br />
YD]RVSD]PL<br />
Lanzino et al 419 1999 WLULOL]DGL 823 7YLV 6HPGHJ JDPRVDYDOL<br />
PGHGUREL7L<br />
VTHVLV TYHMJXIL<br />
&UGLORH7<br />
DPHULNLV<br />
NRKRUWD<br />
DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
Lanzino et al 420 1999 819<br />
Hindman 404
Lanzino et al 420 1999 WLULOL]DGL<br />
PGHGUREL7L<br />
VTHVLV TYHMJXIL<br />
HYURSLV<br />
NRKRUWD<br />
Haley et al 421<br />
1997 WLULOL]DGL<br />
&UGLORH7<br />
DPHULNLV<br />
NRKRUWD<br />
Kassell et al 422 1996 WLULOL]DGL<br />
HYURSLV<br />
NRKRUWD<br />
Saito et al 423<br />
Asano et al 424<br />
- 7 -<br />
819 7YLV 6HPGHJ JDPRVDYDOL<br />
DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
897 7YLV 6HPGHJ JDPRVDYDOL<br />
DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
1015 7YLV 6HPGHJ JDPRVDYDOL<br />
DU JDXPMREHVGD<br />
1998 HEVHOHQL 286 JYLDQL L6HPLUL<br />
QHYURORJLXUL GHILFLWL DU<br />
6HPFLUGD PDJUDP<br />
JDXPMREHVGD JDPRVDYDOL<br />
1996 HEVHOHQL 162 6HPFLUGD JYLDQL L6HPLUL<br />
QHYURORJLXUL GHILFLWLV<br />
VL[6LUH
II. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis sixSire (insidensi) da<br />
gavrceleba (prevalensi)<br />
jandacvis msoflio organizaciis multinacionaluri<br />
kvlevebis Tanaxmad sah-is yovelwliuri insidensi Seadgens<br />
daaxloebiT 10 SemTxvevas 100 000 mosaxleze da sxvadasxva<br />
qveynebs Soris cvalebadobs 2.0-dan (CineTi)<br />
22.5–mde (fineTi). 13 TemSi Catarebul kvlevebSi sah-is insidensi<br />
meryeobda 8.1 SemTxvevidan 100 000 mosaxleze<br />
avstraliasa da axal zelandiaSi 23 SemTxvevamde 100 000<br />
mosaxleze iaponiaSi. 14,16 erT-erTi iaponuri kvlevis Tanaxmad,<br />
Tu sah-iT gamowveuli naadrevi sikvdilis SemTxvevebi<br />
iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli, maSin insidensis maCvenebeli 100 000<br />
mosaxleze 32 SemTxvevamde gaizrdeba. 17 amerikis SeerTebul<br />
StatebSi, arafederaluri hospitalebis monacemebze<br />
dayrdnobiT, 1990 wels «hospitalebidan gaweris nacionalurma<br />
mimoxilvam» (National Hospital Discharge Survey) 18<br />
aRricxa 25 000 pacienti subaraqnoiduli hemoragiiT.<br />
«roCester minis» (Rochester Minn) monacemebis mixedviT,<br />
1975 dan 1984 wlebSi subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis mqone<br />
pacientebis 12%-ma ver miiRo saTanado gadaudebeli daxmareba,<br />
xolo bevr SemTxvevaSi arasworad iyo dasmuli<br />
diagnozi. 20-26 yovelwliurad anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis amgvarma SemTxvevebma SeerTebul StatebSi moicva<br />
30 000 adamiani. populaciurma kvlevebma cxadyo, rom subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis insidensi bolo 4 dekadis man-<br />
Zilze mkveTrad ar Secvlila. 27,28 Tumca, 1980-1990 wlebSi<br />
umniSvnelod Semcirda insdensi axal zelandiaSi, xolo<br />
SvedeTSi Semcirda subaraqnoiduli hemoragiiT gamowveu-<br />
- 8 -
- 9 -<br />
cxrili 2.<br />
amerikis gulis asociaciis da insultis sabWos rekomendaciebSi<br />
gamoyenebuli mtkicebulebebis klasebis da doneebis ganmartebebi<br />
NODVL , PGJRPDUHRED URPHO7DQ GDNDY6LUHEL7DF PWNLFHEXOHED<br />
DQ GD ]RJDGL 6H7DQ[PHED DUVHEREV URP SURFHGXUD DQ<br />
PNXUQDORED VDVDUJHEOR GD HIHTWXULD<br />
NODVL ,, PGJRPDUHRED URPHO7DQ GDNDY6LUHEL7DF<br />
XU7LHU7VDZLQDD5PGHJR PWNLFHEXOHED DQ GD<br />
JDQV[YDYHEXOL PRVD]UHED DUVHEREV URP SURFHGXUD DQ<br />
PNXUQDORED VDVDUJHEOR GD HIHTWXULD<br />
NODVL ,,A PWNLFHEXOHED DQ PRVD]UHED HP[URED<br />
SURFHGXUDV DQ PNXUQDOREDV<br />
NODVL ,,A PWNLFHEXOHED DQ PRVD]UHED QDNOHEDG<br />
PRLD]UHEV VDUJHEOLDQREDV HIHTWXUREDV<br />
NODVL ,,, PGJRPDUHRED URPHO7DQ GDNDY6LUHEL7DF PWNLFHEXOHED<br />
DQ GD ]RJDGL 6H7DQ[PHED DUVHEREV URP SURFHGXUD DQ<br />
PNXUQDORED DU DULV VDVDUJHEOR HIHTWXUL GD ]RJLHU7<br />
6HP7[YHYD6L 6HVD=OHEHOLD VD]LDQR D5PR&QGHV<br />
VDPNXUQDOR UHNRPHQGDFLHEL<br />
PWNLFHEXOHELV PRQDFHPHEL H\UGQRED PUDYDO UDQGRPL]LUHEXO NYOHYHELV<br />
GRQH A DQ PHWD DQDOL]HELV 6HGHJHEV<br />
PWNLFHEXOHELV<br />
GRQH B<br />
PRQDFHPHEL H\UGQRED HU7L UDQGRPL]LUHEXOL NYOHYLV DQ<br />
DUDUDQGRPL]LUHEXOL NYOHYHELV 6HGHJHEV<br />
PWNLFHEXOHELV<br />
GRQH C<br />
PRQDFHPHEL H\UGQRED HTVSHUW7D 6H7DQ[PHEXO PRVD]UHEDV<br />
GDLJQRVWLNXUL SURJQR]XOL UHNRPHQGDFLHEL<br />
PWNLFHEXOHELV PRQDFHPHEL H\UGQRED PUDYDOL SURVSHTWXOL NRKRUWXOL<br />
GRQH A NYOHYHELV 6HGHJHEV URPOHE6LF UHIHUHQV VWDQGDUWHELV<br />
6HIDVHED [GHED PDVNLUHEXOL<br />
PLHU<br />
DQRQLPXUL PNYHODYDULV<br />
PWNLFHEXOHELV PRQDFHPHEL H\UGQRED HU7L A GRQLV NYOHYLV DQ t<br />
GRQH B 6HP7[YHYD NRQWUROLV NYOHYHELV 6HGHJHEV DQ LVH7L<br />
NYOHYELV 6HGHHEV URPOHE6LF UHIHUHQV VWDQGDUWHELV<br />
6HIDVHED [GHED DUDPDVNLUHEXOL<br />
PNYHODYDULV PLHU<br />
JDF[DGHEXOL<br />
PWNLFHEXOHELV<br />
GRQH C<br />
PRQDFHPHEL H\UGQRED HTVSHUW7D 6H7DQ[PHEXO PRVD]UHEDV
mkurnalobis efeqturobis sarwmunooba<br />
cxrili 3.<br />
rekomendaciebis da<br />
mtkicebulebis<br />
doneebis<br />
klasifikacia<br />
done A<br />
mravalricxovani populaciis<br />
Sefasebis Sedegi*<br />
monacemebi mopovebulia amravali<br />
randomizirebuli<br />
kvlevebis an meta-analizebis<br />
Sedegad<br />
done B<br />
gansazRvruli populaciis<br />
Sefasebis Sedegi*<br />
monacemebi mopovebulia<br />
erTi randomizirebuli<br />
kvlevis an ararandomizirebuli<br />
kvlevebis Sedegad<br />
done C<br />
gansazRvruli populaciis<br />
Sefasebis Sedegi*<br />
mxolod eqspertTa mosazreba,<br />
SemTxvevaTa kvlevebi<br />
an mkurnalobis<br />
standarti<br />
rekomendaciebis dasawerad<br />
mowodebuli frazebi**<br />
mkurnalobis efeqturobis xarisxi<br />
klasi I<br />
sargebeli >>> riski<br />
unda Catardes/dainiSnos<br />
procedura/mkurnaloba<br />
. rekomendaciebi, rom procedura<br />
an mkurnaloba<br />
sasargebloa/efeqturia<br />
. sakmarisi mtkicebulebaa<br />
mopovebuli mravali randomizirebuli<br />
kvlevebis<br />
an meta-analizebis Sedegad<br />
. rekomendaciebi, rom procedura<br />
an mkurnaloba<br />
sasargebloa/efeqturia<br />
. mtkicebuleba mopovebulia<br />
erTi randomizirebuli<br />
kvlevis an ararandomizebuli<br />
kvlevebis Sedegad<br />
. rekomendaciebi, rom procedura<br />
an mkurnaloba sasargebloa/efeqturia<br />
mxolod eqspertTa mosazreba,<br />
SemTxvevaTa kvlevebi<br />
an mkurnalobis<br />
standarti<br />
unda<br />
rekomendebulia<br />
naCvenebia<br />
sasargebloa/efeqturia<br />
klasi II<br />
sargebeli >>> riski<br />
aucilebelia damatebiTi<br />
kvlevebis Catareba konkretuli<br />
sakiTxis irgvliv<br />
mizanSewonilia Catardes<br />
procedura/dainiSnos<br />
mkurnaloba<br />
. rekomendaciebi imis sasargeblod,<br />
rom rom procedura<br />
an mkurnaloba<br />
sasargebloa/efeqturia<br />
. ramodenime urTierTsawinaaRmdego<br />
mtkicebuleba<br />
mopovebuli mravali randomizirebuli<br />
kvlevebis an<br />
meta-analizebis Sedegad<br />
. rekomendaciebi imis sasargeblod,<br />
rom rom procedura<br />
an mkurnaloba<br />
sasargebloa/efeqturia<br />
. ramodenime urTierTsawinaaRmdego<br />
mtkicebuleba<br />
mopovebuli erTi randomizirebuli<br />
kvlevis an ararandomizebuli<br />
kvlevebis<br />
Sedegad<br />
. rekomendaciebi imis sasargeblod,<br />
rom procedura<br />
an mkurnaloba sasargebloa/efeqturia<br />
. mxolod eqspertTa gansxvavebuli<br />
mosazreba, Sem-<br />
TxvevaTa kvlevebi an<br />
mizanSewonilia<br />
SesaZlebelia iyos sasargeblo/efeqturi<br />
savaraudod rekomendebulia<br />
an naCvenebia
klasi II<br />
sargebeli >>> riski<br />
aucilebelia damatebiTi<br />
kvlevebis Catareba sxvadsxva<br />
sakiTxebis irgvliv /<br />
sasurvelia damatebiTi<br />
monacemebis arseboba<br />
SesaZlebelia proceduris/mkurnalobis<br />
Catareba<br />
. rekomendaciebis sargeblianoba/efeqturoba<br />
ar<br />
aris kargad dadgenili<br />
. mniSvnelovani urTierTsawinaaRmdegomtkicebuleba<br />
mopovebuli mravali<br />
randomizirebuli kvlevebis<br />
an meta-analizebis Sedegad<br />
. rekomendaciebis sargeblianoba/efeqturoba<br />
ar<br />
aris kargad dadgenili<br />
. mniSvnelovani urTierTsawinaaRmdegomtkicebuleba<br />
mopovebuli erTi<br />
randomizirebuli kvlevis<br />
an ararandomizebuli kvlevebis<br />
Sedegad<br />
. rekomendaciebis sargeblianoba/<br />
efeqturoba ar<br />
aris kargad dadgenili<br />
. mxolod eqspertTa gansxvavebuli<br />
mosazreba, Sem-<br />
TxvevaTa kvlevebi an mkurnalobis<br />
standarti<br />
SesaZlebelia Catardes<br />
SeiZleba iyos<br />
mizanSewonili<br />
sargebeli/efeqturoba<br />
ucnobia/gaurkvevlia/ar<br />
aris kargad dadgenili<br />
klasi III<br />
riski >>> sargebeli<br />
ar unda Catardes/dainiSnos<br />
procedura/mkurnaloba,<br />
vinaidan ar aris mizanSewonili<br />
da SesaZlebelia<br />
saziano aRmoCndes<br />
. rekomendaciebi, rom rom<br />
procedura an mkurnaloba<br />
ar aris sasargeblo/<br />
efeqturi da SesaZlebelia<br />
sazianoc aRmoCndes. . sakmarisi mtkicebuleba<br />
mopovebuli mravali randomizirebuli<br />
kvlevebis an<br />
meta-analizebis Sedegad<br />
. rekomendaciebi, rom rom<br />
procedura an mkurnaloba<br />
ar aris sasargeblo/<br />
efeqturi da SesaZlebelia<br />
sazianoc RmoCndes<br />
mtkicebuleba mopovebulia<br />
erTi randomizirebuli<br />
kvlevis an ararandomizirebuli<br />
kvlevebis Sedegad<br />
. rekomendaciebi, rom procedura<br />
an mkurnaloba ar<br />
aris sasargeblo/efeqturi<br />
da SesaZlebelia sazianoc<br />
RmoCndes . mxolod eqspertTa mosazreba,<br />
SemTxvevaTa kvlevebi<br />
an mkurnalobis<br />
standarti<br />
sxva-<br />
sargeblianobas/efeqturobas asaxaven romlebic monacemebi, mopovebuli dayrdnobiT registrebze da<br />
ar aris rekomendebuli<br />
kvlevebze<br />
ar aris naCvenebi<br />
ar aris sasargeblo/<br />
efeqturi<br />
klinikur<br />
SeiZleba iyos saziano *<br />
dasxva subpopulaciebSi da iTvaliswineben asaks, sqess, diabetis anamnezs, gadatanili mokardiumis infarqtis da gulis ukmarisobis<br />
anamnezs, aspirinis gamoyenebis istorias. B da C donis rekomendaciebi ar gulisxmobs, rom rekomendacia naklebi mtkicebulebisaa.<br />
am gaidlainSi ganxilul mraval mniSvnelovan klinikur sakiTxze ar Catarebula klinikuri kvleva. SesaZlebelia ar arsebobdes<br />
randomizirebuli kvlevebis monacemebi, magram miRweuli iyos mkafio klinikuri konsensusi ama Tu im gamokvlevis, Tu mkurnalobis<br />
saxeobis sargeblianobaze/efeqturobaze.<br />
** 2003 wels amerikis kardiologiis kolejma/amerikis gulis ascociaciam (ACC/AHA) SeimuSaves rekomendaciebis daweris dros<br />
gamosayenebeli frazebis nusxa. gaidlainis yvela rekomendacia iwereba dasrulebuli winadadebis saxiT, romelic gamoxatavs<br />
srul azrs da romelic mkafiod gadmoscems rekomendaciis Sinaarss im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac warmodgenili iqneba calke,<br />
mTliani dokumentisgan damoukideblad (maT Soris, TviT rekomendaciebis saTaurebic). es gakeTda im mizniT, rom gaidlainis<br />
mkiTxvelma ukeT gaigos konkretuli rekomendaciis Sinaarsi.
li sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli, risi mizezic iyo insidensis<br />
Semcireba mamakacebSi da sikvdilianobis Semcireba qaleb-<br />
Si. 30 subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis ganmsazRvreli erT_erTi<br />
faqtori - asaki meryeobs 40 dan 60 wels Soris (kritikuli<br />
asaki >50weli), magram subaraqnoiduli hemoragia<br />
SesaZlebelia ganviTardes nebismier asakSi, bavSobidan Rrma<br />
moxucebulobamde, da 1.6 jer metia misi ganviTarebis riski<br />
qalebSi, 4,31 Tumca es gansxvavebebi yvela populaciaze ar<br />
vrceldeba, 13 kvlevebma cxadyo, rom genderuli sxvaoba<br />
hormonaluri gavlenis Sedegia: subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis<br />
ganviTarebis maRali riski 33 SemCneva premenopauzis mqone<br />
qalebSi, 32 qalebSi, romelTac pirveli mSobiaroba hqondaT<br />
mozrdil asakSi da aseve maTSi, visac menstrualuri cikli<br />
daewyo dagvianebiT. rasobrivi gansxvavebac vlindeba subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis ganviTarebis dros. Savkaniani<br />
amerikelebi TeTrkanian amerikelebTan SedarebiT metad<br />
midrekilni arian subaraqnoiduli hemoragiisaken. 34 maori<br />
da wynari okeanis mosaxleoba miekuTvneba ufro maRali<br />
risk-jgufs, vidre axal zelandieli TeTrkanianebi. 14<br />
populaciuri kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiiT gamowveulma sikvdilianobam 1970-1980<br />
wlebSi sagrZnoblad iklo. 28 Semdgomma kvlevebma cxadyo,<br />
rom es tendencia grZeldeba an klebulobs. 27 TvalsaCino<br />
gaxda rasobrivi sxvaoba, SeerTebul StatebSi TeTrkanian<br />
amerikelebs naklebi sikvdilianoba aqvT Savkanian<br />
amerikelebTan, espanel amerikelebTan ,amerikel indoelebTan,<br />
da azielebTan/wynari okeanis kunZulebis mosaxleobasTan<br />
SedarebiT. 35<br />
- 12 -
III. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis riskis faqtorebi<br />
subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis risk-faqtorebi mravalmxriv<br />
iqna Seswavlili. multivariciulma modelebma daadgina,<br />
rom hipertenzia, moweva da alkoholis moxmareba warmoadgenen<br />
sah-is ganviTarebis damoukidebel risk-faqtorebs<br />
SeerTebul StatebSi, 36,37 iaponiaSi, 38 niderlandebSi, 39,40<br />
fineTSi 41,42 da portugaliaSi. 43 sah-is uSualo mizezia<br />
simpatomimetikebis moxmareba, kokainisa 44,45 da fenilpropanolaminis<br />
46 CaTvliT. kokanis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
sah gvxvdeba axalgazrda pacientebSi, xolo misi gamosavali<br />
iseTivea, rogorc sxva faqtorebiT gamowveuli sahis<br />
dros. 44 rogorc sCans, Saqriani diabeti ar aris sah-is<br />
risk-faqtori. 47 sainteresoa, rom sah-is zogierTi riskfaqtori<br />
zrdis aseve mravlobiTi anevrizmebis ganviTarebis<br />
risks (aseTebia moweva, mdedrobiTi sqesi, hipertenzia,<br />
cerebrovaskuluri daavadebebis ojaxuri anamnezi da postmenopauzuri<br />
mdgomareoba). 48,50<br />
Zalze sainteresoa sezonuri da drois faqtorebis<br />
gavlena sah-is insidensze. miuxedavad imisa, rom kvlevebis<br />
Sedegebi sxvadasxvagvaria, aRmoCnda, rom sah-is insidensi<br />
ufro maRalia zamTris TveebSi 14,51 da gazafxulze 52 . es<br />
monacemebi gansxvavebulia iaponur kvlevaSi. 53 da bolos,<br />
erTerTma kvlevam daadgina zomieri korelacia atmosferul<br />
wnevas, am wnevis cvalebadobasa da erT dReSi sah-is<br />
SemTxvevebis raodenobas Soris. 54<br />
sah-is ganviTarebis momatebul riskTan aseve asocirebulia<br />
garkveuli genetikuri sindromebi, rac adasturebs<br />
anevrizmis Camoyalibebisadmi genetikuri winaswarganwyo-<br />
- 13 -
is koncefcias. am daavadebaTa Sorisaa autosomur dominanturi<br />
Tirkmlis polikistozi da IV tipis elers-danlosis<br />
sindromi. 55_60 es sindromebi adastureben anevrizmis<br />
Camoyalibebisadmi ganwyobis memkvidreobiTobis koncefcias. 61_76<br />
sah-is mqone adamianebis sisxliT naTesavebze (da-Zmebze)<br />
Catarebelma kvlevebma aCvena, rom asimptomuri siblingebis<br />
erT mesamedSi angiografiulma gamokvlevam aRmoaCina anevrizma.<br />
77 es mtkicebulebebi saspirispiroa `WeSmariti ojaxuri<br />
intrakranialuri anevrizmis sindromisa~, romelic vlindeba<br />
maSin, rodesac 2 pirveli da mesame Taobis naTesavs<br />
aqvT intrakranialuri anevrizma. 10,78,83 xsenebuli sindromis<br />
dros adgili aqvs sah-is ganviTarebas axalgazrda asakSi,<br />
mravlobiTi anevrizmis ganviTarebis maRal risks da hemoragiebs<br />
siblingebs (da, Zma) Soris da wyvilebSi - dedaqaliSvili.<br />
78,83,84 ojaxuri intakraniuli anevrizmis sindromis<br />
mqone ojaxis wevrebs Soris asimptomuri gaumskdari anevrizmis<br />
arsebobis albaToba aris 8% 73 , xolo Cveulebriv populaciaSi<br />
_ 4.2%. 83<br />
ojaxuri sah-is mqone 23 ojaxis Seswavlam aCvena, rom<br />
3 daavadebuli wevris arseboba asammagebs ganviTarebis risks.<br />
magnitur rezonansuli angiografiiT (MRA) 8680 asimptomuri<br />
adamianis skriningulma gamokvlevam aCvena, rom saerTi<br />
insidensi anevrizmebisa iyo 7%, xolo maT Soris visac<br />
aReniSnebodaT sah-is ojaxuri anamnezi es cifri gaizarda<br />
10.5%-mde. sxva kvlevam magnitur rezonansuli tomografiis<br />
(MRI) gamoyenebiT aCvena, rom sporaduli sah-is mqone pacientebis<br />
naTesavTa 4%-s hqondaT anevrizma. gaSuqebam. 87<br />
`SemTxveva-kontroli~-s dizainis masStaburi 88 kvlevis<br />
Tanaxmad, ojaxuri anamnezi iyo sah-is damoukidebeli risk-<br />
- 14 -
faqtori. specifiuri genebis gavlena jer dadasturebuli<br />
ar aris, da rodesac Seiswavles metaloproteinazas genebis<br />
matriqsis polimorfizmi aRmoCnda, rom maT ar hqondaT<br />
gavlena anevrizmis ganviTarebaze. 89Dda bolos, pacientebSi,<br />
romlebsac CautardaT gamskdari anevrizmis gamo mkurnaloba,<br />
axali anevrizmis gaCenis wliuri riskia 1%-2%. 81,84,90-<br />
95 mravlobiTi intrakranialuri anevrizmis mqone pacientebi<br />
axali anevrizmis gaCenis meti safrTxis winaSe arian.<br />
47,93,96 genetikuri Tu garemo faqtorebis mniSvneloba ama-<br />
Si dadgenili ar aris.<br />
- 15 -
IV. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis prevencia<br />
vinadan, ar Catarebula randomizirebuli kontrolirebadi<br />
kvlevebi, romlebic Seiswavldnen samedicino risk<br />
faqtorebis gavlenas sah-is ganviTarebaze, arsebuli mtkicebulebebi<br />
eyrdnoba observaciuli kohortuli kvlevebis<br />
Sedegebs. SesaZloa am didi risk faqtorebis kontroli<br />
ufro met gavlenas axdens sah-ze axalgazrda pacientebSi,<br />
vidre xandazmulebSi. 97 hemoragiuli insultis ganviTarebis<br />
yvelaze gavrcelebuli risk-faqtoria arteriuli hipertenzia.<br />
kolinsis da Tanaavtorebis (Collins et al) 98 mier<br />
Catarebuli mimoxilvis mixedviT, antihipertenziuli medikamentebiT<br />
diastoluri arteriuli wnevis 6 mm Hg-iT Semcirebam<br />
insultebis insidensi 42%-iT Seamcira. Tumca, am<br />
kvlevebSi anevrizmuli sah-is Sesaxeb monacemebi mcirea,<br />
kvlevaSi monawile sah-is mqone pacientebis (sinjis zomis)<br />
SezRuduli raodenobis gamo. saerTo populaciaSi arteriuli<br />
wnevis kontrolis gaumjobesebis miuxedavad, am periodis<br />
ganmavlobaSi sah-is insidensi mniSvnelovnad ar<br />
Secvlila. 99-101<br />
miuxedavad imisa, amcirebs Tu ara hipertenziis kontroli<br />
sah-is insidenss, mas SeuZlia Seamciros sah-is sim-<br />
Zime; aranamkurnalebi hipertenzia sah-is cudi gamosavlis<br />
damoukidebeli risk-faqtoria. 102 arsebobs mxolod arapirdapiri<br />
mtkicebulebebi, romlebic miuTiTeben, rom mowevis<br />
Sewyveta amcirebs sah-is risks. kvlevaSi `SemTxvevaontroli~<br />
aRmoCnda 103 , rom yofili mwevelebi, aramudmiv da<br />
saSualo donis mwevelebTan SedarebiT, naklebi riskis qveS<br />
imyofebian. amave kvlevaSi gamovlinda kavSiri bolo Reris<br />
mowevidan gasul drosa da sah-is risks Soris. pros-<br />
- 16 -
peqtulma kvlevam, romelSic monawileobda 117 006 qali,<br />
aCvena, rom yofili mwevelebi ufro naklebi SedarebiTi<br />
riskis qveS iyvnen, vidre mudmivi mwevelebi, xolo mowevis<br />
Sewyvetidan gasuli drois xangrZlivoba asocirebuli iyo<br />
nakleb riskTan. 104<br />
subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis cudi prognozis da usimptomo<br />
intrakraniuli anevrizmebis SedarebiTi sixSiris<br />
gamo, SerCeviTi (eleqtiuri) skriningi literaturaSi aqtiurad<br />
ganixileba. usimptomod mimdinare intrakranialuri<br />
anevrizmebis klinikuri skriningis Rirebuleba (xarjebi)<br />
gaanlizebuli unda iyos sah-is riskTan da mis SedegebTan<br />
mimarTebaSi. am fasebis dasadgenad unda gakeTdes mravali<br />
`daSveba~, mag. rogori menejmenti unda iyos gamoyenebuli<br />
anevrizmis aRmoCenisas, Tumca es ararealisturad amartivebs<br />
samedicino gadawyvetilebis miRebis process. asimptomuri<br />
gaumskdari anevrizmebis gamovlenis xarj-efeqturobis<br />
analizze gavlenas axdens mravali faqtori, rogorebicaa<br />
anevrizmis insidensi, gaskdomis riski (bunebrivi mimdinareoba),<br />
mkurnalobasTan dakavSirebuli riski. 75,89,93,105 am<br />
faqtorebidan yvelaze mniSvnelovania anevrizmis gaskdomis<br />
riski. intrakranialuri anevrizmis skriningis xarj-efeqturobis<br />
dasadgenad populaciuri klinikuri kvlevebi ar<br />
aris Catarebuli. Sesabamisad, saerTo populaciaSi usimptomod<br />
mimdinare anevrizmebis skriningis sakiTxi arsebuli<br />
literaturuli monaemebiT ar aris uzrunvelyofili.<br />
pacientebSi iseTi riskis faqtorebiT, rogoricaa alkoholis<br />
moxmareba da Tambaqos moweva sah insidensi metia,<br />
magram es ar aris asocirebuli intrakranialuri anevrizmebis<br />
- 17 -
ufro maRal insidensTan. 94,103,106_108 am populaciSic ki<br />
anevrizmebis skriningis Catareba ara aris dasabuTebuli.<br />
ojaxuri intrakranialuri anevrizmis sindromis mqone<br />
populaciaSi, miuxedavad skriningis mier gamovlenili intrakraniuli<br />
anevrizmebisa, misi xarj-efeqturoba ar aris<br />
dadasturebuli. 40,105 populaciur klinikur kvlevaSi skriningis<br />
efeqturobis dadgenamde, kvlevaTa umravlesoba gvTavazobs<br />
skriningis Catarebas calkeul SemTxvevebSi. usimptomo<br />
pacientebTan SedarebiT anevrizmuli sah mqone pacientebSi<br />
axali anevrizmis ganviTarebis wliuri maCvenebelia<br />
1% - 2%. zogierTi mkvlevari mizanSewonilad<br />
miiCnevs pacientTa am jgufSi mogvianebiT radiologiuri<br />
gamokvlevas. 91<br />
miuxedavad amisa, anevrizmis gamovlenis saukeTeso teqnikuri<br />
saSualeba dResac kamaTis sagania. bevri sakiTxi,<br />
romelic Seexeba SemTxveviTi anevrizmebis skrinings, aseve<br />
exeba gamskdari anevrizmis deteqcias da ganxiluli iqneba<br />
diagnostikis nawilSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom adreuli kvlevebis<br />
mixedviT magnitur rezonansulma angiografiam Sesa-<br />
Zloa ver gamoavlinos anevrizmebi, romlebsac `xedavs~ konvenciuri<br />
angiografia, arsebuli monacemebi miuTiTebs, rom<br />
MRA da kompiuterul tomografiuli angiografiis CTA<br />
kombinacia anevrizmebis aRmoCenaSi konvenciuri angiografiis<br />
tolfasia. sxva mcire prospeqtulma kvlevam aCvena, rom<br />
cifruli subtraqciulio angiografia da MRA erTmaneTs<br />
avsebdnen. 110 xelmisawvdomi literaturis mimoxilvisas vordlou<br />
da vaitma (Wardlaw and White) 111 daaskvnes, rom `arsebuli<br />
monacemebis xarisxi arasakmarisia [MRA da CTA] imisTvis,<br />
rom maTi sizuste Sefasdes~. aqedan gamomdinare, manam<br />
- 18 -
sanam ukeTesi monacemebi gaxdeba xelmisawvdomi, sawyisi skriningisaTvis<br />
Sesaferisi teqnikuri saSualeba individualurad<br />
unda SeirCes. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom klinikurad<br />
aucilebelia imis codna namdvilad aris Tu ara anevrizma,<br />
seleqtiuri angiografia oqros standartad rCeba.<br />
rogorc iyo aRniSnuli, anevrizmuli sah fataluri<br />
SemTxvevebis ricxvi maRali rCeba 4-7 da gamosavlis mTavari<br />
ganmsazRvrelia sawyisi sisxldenis intensivoba. 8,112 Teoriulad,<br />
Tu moxerxdeba sah prevencia anevrizmis gaskomamde<br />
SesaZlebelia arakeTilsaimedo Sedegis Tavidan acileba.<br />
asea Tu ise, radganac usimptomo anevrizmis mxolod mcire<br />
nawili skdeba da radganac zogadad nebismieri anevrizmis<br />
mkurnaloba riskTanaa dakavSirebuli, gaumskdari anevrizmis<br />
mqone pacientebis menejmentis sakiTxebi sadavo rCeba.<br />
2000 wels gamoqveynda gaumskdari intrakranialuri<br />
anevrizmebis marTvis rekomendaciebi. 113 Semdeg wlebSi mkurnalobis<br />
meTodebi metad ganviTarda, gaumjobesda codna<br />
gaumskdari intrakranialuri anevrizmis bunebrivi mimdinareobis<br />
Sesaxeb, amitom igegmeba am rekomendaciebis ganaxleba.<br />
- 19 -
subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis prevencia:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. hipertenziasa da anevrizmul sah-s Soris urTier-<br />
TkavSiri bolomde garkveuli ara aris. miuxedavad<br />
amisa, rekomendebulia maRali arteriuli wnevis mkurnaloba<br />
antihipertenzuli medikamentebis gamoyenebiT<br />
iSemiuri insultis, intrakranialuri hemoragiis, gulis,<br />
Tirkmlis da sxva orgaonoebis dazianebis Tavidan<br />
acilebis mizniT (klasi I, mtkicebulebis done A).<br />
2. sah-is ganviTarebis riskis Sesamcireblad mizan-<br />
Sewonilia Tambaqos mowevisgan Tavis Sekaveba, miuxedavad<br />
imisa rom mtkicebuleba Tambaqos mowevasa da sah<br />
urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb arapirdapiria (klasi II,<br />
mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
3. gaumskdari anevrizmis arsebobis maRali riskis mqone<br />
populaciis nawilis skriningis mniSvneloba gaurkvevelia<br />
(klasi IIb, mtkicebulebis done B); gamosaxvis arainvaziuri<br />
saSualebebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos<br />
skriningisaTvis, magram rodesac klinikurad aucilebelia<br />
imis codna aris Tu ara anevrizma, oqros standatrs<br />
warmoadgens seleqtiuri angiografia.<br />
- 20 -
V. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis bunebrivi mimdinareoba<br />
da gamosavali<br />
amerikis SeerTebul Statebis hospitalebSi yovelwliurad<br />
daaxloebiT 6700 pacienti iRupeba anevrizmuli<br />
subaraqnoiduli hemoragiiT. 114 es xdeba im monacemebis fonze,<br />
rom sah insidensis maCveneblebi SedarebiT stabiluri rCeba,<br />
xolo sah-iT gamowveuli sikvdilianoba bolo ramodenime<br />
dekadis manZilze SesaZloa mcirdeba sxva geografiul<br />
regionebSi. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiiT gamowveuli sikvdilianoba,<br />
1966 wlis intrakranialuri anevrizmebis kooperatiuli<br />
Seswavlis monacemebiT, 29-e dRisaTvis iyo 50% 115,<br />
xolo bolo kvlevis mixedviT, gadaudebeli medicinis departamentSi<br />
moxvedril sah mqone pacientebSi hospitalurma<br />
sikvdilianobis maCveneblma Seadgina 33% 102 . populaciuri<br />
kvlevis mixedviT, romelic Caatares broderikma Tanaavtorebma<br />
(Broderick et al) 8 sah-s mqone pacientebSi 30 dRiani<br />
sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli iyo 45% da sikvdili umetes<br />
SemTxvevaSi aRiniSneboda sah Semdeg pirvelsave dReebSi.<br />
sxva kvlevebma gamoavlines sikvdilianobis SemTxvevebis<br />
kleba am da sxva qveynebSi. 27,28,30<br />
sah-is gamosavalze mravali faqtori axdens gavlenas,<br />
xolo sxvadasxva qveynebsa da regionebSi dafiqsirebuli<br />
fataluri SemTxvevebis sixSire farTo farglebSi meryeobs. 13<br />
faqtorebi, romlebic did gavlenas axdenen sah-is Semdgom<br />
gamosavalze SeiZleba daiyos e.w. pacientis faqtorebad,<br />
anevrizmis faqtorebad da institucionalur faqtorebad.<br />
pacientis faqtorebs miekuTvneba sawyisi sisxldenis simZime,<br />
asaki, sqesi, mkurnalobis dawyebamde gasuli dro, komor-<br />
- 21 -
iduli mdgomareobebi, rogoricaa namkurnalebi da umar-<br />
Tavi hipertenzia, winagulebis fibrilacia, gulis SegubebiTi<br />
ukmarisoba, koronaruli arteriebis daavadeba da Tirkmlis<br />
daavadebebi. 102 anevrizmis faqtorebs miekuTvneba zoma,<br />
lokalizacia ukana baseinSi da, savaraudod, morfologia.(116)<br />
institucionalur faqtroebs miekuTvneba xelmisawvdomi<br />
endovaskuluri servisebis arseboba 117 , subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis<br />
mqone namkurnalebi pacientebis raodenoba, 102,117_119 da<br />
im samedicino dawesebulebis tipi, sadac pacientis Tavdapirveli<br />
Sefaseba moxda. 120<br />
pacientis faqtorebidan yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac<br />
ganapirobebs cud gamosavals aris mwvave sah-iT gamowveuli<br />
tvinis dazianeba. 121 sah iwvevs tvinis sisxlis nakadis<br />
mniSvnelovan daqveiTebas, tvinis autoregulaciis moSlas<br />
da tvinis mwvave iSemias. 122_126 es paTofiziologiuri procesebi<br />
dakavSirebulia intrakranialuri wnevis momatebasTan<br />
da tvinis daqveiTebul perfuziul wnevasTan, 122,127,128 azotis<br />
zeJangis daqveiTebul raodenobasTan, 126,129 mwvave vazokonstriqciasTan<br />
123,130,131 da Trombocitebis mikrovaskulur<br />
agregaciasTan, 132 kapilarSida kolagenazas aqtivaciis da<br />
kapilaruli kolagenis 133 da endoTeliumis barieruli antigenis<br />
dakargvasTan, rac ganapirobebs mikrovaskuluri<br />
perfuziis Semcirebas da kedlis gazrdil gamavlobas. 132,133<br />
miuxedavad uaxlesi miRwevebisa sah mier dazianebuli tvinis<br />
meqanizmis gagebaSi, efeqturi mkurnalobis saSualebebi mwiria<br />
da saWiroebs Semdgom samecniero kvlevebs.<br />
anevrizmuli sah yvelaze seriozul garTulebas warmoadgens<br />
ganmeorebiTi anevrizmuli sah. ganmeorebiTi hemoragiis<br />
mqone pirebSi sikvdilianoba 70% aRwevs. ganmeorebi-<br />
- 22 -
Ti hemoragia dResdReobiT cudi gamosavlis ganmapirobebel<br />
faqtorebs Soris yvelaze metad emorCileba mkurnalobas.<br />
Catarebul kvlevebSi aRwerilia ganmeorebiTi hemoragiis<br />
sxvadasxva paternebi. 134,135 anevrizmebis prospeqtuli kooperatiuli<br />
kvlevisas 136 ganmeorebiTi hemoragia yvelaze xSiri<br />
(4%) iyo sah Semdeg pirvel dRes, xolo Semdgomi 4<br />
kviris manZilze Seadgenda 1-2%-s dReSi. sxvadasxva prospeqtulma<br />
kohortulma kvlevebma aCvena, 137,138 rom konservatiuli<br />
mkurnalobisas rehemoragiis riski sah Semdeg erTi<br />
Tvis ganmavlobaSi aris 20%_30%, xolo SemdgomSi klebulobs<br />
da weliwadSi daaxloebiT 3% -s utoldeba. 139 retrospeqtuli<br />
da porspeqtuli kvlevebis saSualebiT gamovlinda<br />
mwvave rehemoragiis mravali potenciuri risk-faqtori:<br />
sah-is ganviTarebidan hospitalizaciamde da mkurnalobis<br />
dawyebamde gasuli drois xangrZlivoba, ufro ma-<br />
Rali sawyisi arteriuli wneva, ufro mZime nevrologiuri<br />
statusi asocirdeboda 2 kviris intervalSi ganviTarebul<br />
rehemoragiasTan. uaxlesi mtkicebulebebi miuTiTebs, rom<br />
`Zalian adreuli rehemoragiis~ (sawyisi sah-is Semdeg 24saaT-<br />
Si) riski SesaZloa iyos 15%, rac bevrad aRemateba Zvel<br />
monacemebs da xasiaTdeba sikvdilianobis maRali maCvenebliT.<br />
140,141 erT-erT kvlevaSi Zalian adreuli rehemoragiis<br />
70% ganviTarda sawyisi sah Semdeg 2 saaTSi. 141 sxva<br />
kvlevis Tanaxmad, preoparaciuli rehemoragiis yvela SemTxveva<br />
ganviTarda sawyisi sah Semdeg 12 saaTis farglebSi. 147<br />
SedarebiT axal kvlevebSi mZime nevrologiuri statusi, 142<br />
hant-hesis Skalis maRali xarisxi da anevrizmis ufro<br />
didi diametri 143 iyvnen mwvave hidrocefaliis, parkuWebSi<br />
sisxlis arsebobis da ventrikuluri drenaJis gamoyenebis<br />
- 23 -
damoukidebeli prediqtorebi. 137_139,143_147 aseve axalma kvlevebma<br />
cxadhyves, rom rodesac preoperaciul ventrikulostomias<br />
mosdevs gamskdari anevrizmis adreuli mkurnaloba,<br />
maSin ventrikulostomiis Sedegad rehemoragiis riski<br />
ar izrdeba. 148<br />
anevrizmuli sah-is gamosavalis Sesafaseblad mowodebuli<br />
iyo bevri Skala. Tumca arsebuli literaturis<br />
mixedviT es sakiTxi bolomde unificirebuli ar aris. 9,140_151<br />
SedarebiT axal kvlevebSi ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba glazgos<br />
komis Skala (Glasgow Coma Scale) an glazgos gamosavlis<br />
Skala ( Glasgow Outcome Scale). 149,150,152–178 sayuradReboa,<br />
rom glazgos komis Skala Seqmnilia Tavis (qalatvinis)<br />
travmis gamosavlis prognozirebisTvis da ar aris<br />
srulad Sefasebuli misi mgrZnobeloba sah-is gamosaval-<br />
Tan mimarTebaSi.. garda amisa, im pacientebs, romelTac sah<br />
Semdeg ar aqvT mniSvnelovani nevrologiuri deficiti, xSirad<br />
aReniSnebaT garkveuli kognitiuri an qceviTi sirTuleebi,<br />
rac xels uSlis maT socialur Seguebas da maT unars<br />
daubrundnen adreul saqmianobas. (179_183) sul mcire 1 kvleva<br />
mainc adasturebs imas, rom amgvari neiro-qceviTi deficiti<br />
ar korelirebs MRI-ze arsebul qsovilis deficitTan. 184<br />
aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom es darRvevebi ganpirobebulia<br />
sah-is difuzuri efeqtiT. amJamad ar arsebobs sah mqone<br />
pacientebSi am deficitis raodenobrivi Sefasebis standartizirebuli<br />
meTodi. amitom sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa mier<br />
gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva standartuli neirofiziologiuri<br />
testebi. 170_182,184 am mizniT, subaraqnoiduli anevrizmis saer-<br />
TaSoriso kvlevaSi International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial<br />
- (ISAT) monawile pacientebs, daegzavnaT modificirebuli<br />
- 24 -
ankinis Skalis kiTxvarebi. 185,186 savaraudod, yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
da martivi testi am deficitebis gavlenis Sesafaseblad<br />
aris is, SeuZlia Tu ara pacients daubrundes<br />
Tavis samsaxurebriv saqmianobas. 182 mizanSewonilia, rom sahis<br />
mqone pacientebis klinikaSi Sesvlisas rogorc minimum<br />
Sefaseba Cautardes glazgos komis Skalis saSualebiT da<br />
dafiqsirebuli iyos faqtorebi, zemoT aRniSnuli, romlebic<br />
gavlenas axdenen daavadebis gamosavalze. 150<br />
- 25 -
anevrizmuli sah mimdinareoba da gamosavali:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. sisxlCaqcevis simZime swrafad unda iyos gansaz-<br />
Rvruli, radgan is yvelaze mniSvnelovani indikatoria<br />
anevrizmuli sah gamosavlis prognozirebisTvis.<br />
Sefasebis Skalebi, romlebic dafuZnebulia ZiriTadad<br />
am faqtorze exmareba eqims ojaxis wevrebTan da sxva<br />
specialistebTan erTad momavali taqtikis SemuSavebaSi<br />
(klasi I, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
2. calkeul SemTxvevaTaA da prospeqtuli kohortuli<br />
kvlevebis analizma aCvena, rom gamskdari, ara gamoTiSuli<br />
(aranamkurnalevi) anevrizmis SemTxvevaSi rehemaragiis<br />
riski pirvel 24 saaTSi sul mcire 3-4%, SesaZloa<br />
mniSvnelovnad metic da SedarebiT ufro maRalia pirvel<br />
2-12 saaTSi. pirveli Tvis ganmavlobaSi ganmeorebiTi<br />
gaskdomis riski dReSi 1-2 %, xolo 3 Tvis Semdeg<br />
yovelwliuri anvrizmis gaskdomis riski weliwadSi 3<br />
% -ia. aRniSnuli riskebis gamo anevrizmuli sah<br />
SemTxvevaSi rekomendebulia pacientis drouli<br />
gamokvleva da adeqvaturi mkurnalobis Catareba (klasi<br />
I, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
3. anevrizmuli sah-is mqone pacientebSi, rehemoragiis<br />
ganviTarebis SesaZlo risk-faqtorebia: sawyisi<br />
sisxlCaqcevis simZime, sisxlCaqcevidan klinikaSi<br />
moTavsebamde gasuli dro, arteriuli wneva, pacientis<br />
sqesi, anevrizmis anatomiuri maxasiaTeblebi,<br />
hidrocefalia, adreuli angiografia da ventrikuluri<br />
drenaJis arseboba (klasi IIb, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
- 26 -
VI. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis klinikuri<br />
gamovlinebebi da diagnostika.<br />
anevrizmuli sah klinikuri gamovlineba erT-erTi yvelaze<br />
gamorCeulia (damaxasiaTebelia) medicinaSi. Tu sah<br />
RviZilis mdgomareobaSi myof adamians ganuviTarda, ucilebeli<br />
Civilia `cxovrebaSi uZlieresi Tavis tkivili, romelic<br />
manamde arasodes ganucdia~, rasac aRwers kontaqturi pacientebis<br />
80%. pacientTa 20% aReniSneba winaswari, gamafrTxilebeli<br />
tkivili. 187 intrakranialuri anevrizmebis<br />
umetesoba usimptomod mimdinareobs gaskdomamde. anevrizmuli<br />
sah umeteswilad uSualod fizikuri datvirTvis da stresis<br />
dros viTardeba, 180,190 magram SesaZloa sxva nebismier drosac<br />
moxdes. Tavis tkivilis dawyebas SeiZleba daematos<br />
erTi an meti sxva simptomi: gulisreva da/an Rebineba, kisris<br />
kunTebis rigidoba, cnobierebis xanmokle dakargva, fokaluri<br />
nevrologiuri deficiti, (kranialuri nervebis damblis<br />
CaTvliT). erTerTma 191 retrospeqtulma kvlevam Seiswavla<br />
subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis mqone 109 pacienti: 74% hqonda<br />
Tavis tkivili, 77%-s - gulisreva da Rebineba, 53%-s -<br />
cnobierebis dakargva, 35%-s - kisris kunTebis rigidoba,<br />
(4) pacientebis 12%ze meti daiRupa samedicino daxmarebis<br />
aRmoCenamde. 189<br />
sah klasikuri klinikuri suraTis miuxedavad xSiria<br />
individualuri Taviseburebebi. imis gamo, rom sah dros<br />
Tavis tkivilis tipi sakmaod variabeluria, xSiria araswori<br />
da dagvianebuli diagnozis SemTxvevebi. arasworad<br />
diagnozirebuli sah sixSire 1985 wlamde iyo 64%, momdevno<br />
wlebSi es maCvenebeli Semcirda 12% -mde 4,23,192_195 .<br />
- 27 -
araswori diagnozis gamo TiTqmis 4-jer meti iyo sikvdilisa<br />
da unarSezRudulobis riski im pacientebSi, romelTac<br />
hospitalizaciisas hqondaT minimaluri nevrologiuri<br />
deficiti an saerTod ar hqondaT. 21 yvelaze gavrcelebuli<br />
diagostikuri Secdoma iyo kompiuteruli tomografiis<br />
gamouyenebloba. 21,194_196<br />
anevrizmis ZiriTadi gaskdomis win pacients SesaZloa<br />
aReniSnebodes mcire hemoragiisaTvis damaxasiaTebli Civilebi,<br />
rasac gamafrTxilebel hemoragias/gaJonvas uwodeben. (sentinel<br />
bleed or warning leak) 197 am gamafrTxilebeli hemoragiebis<br />
umravlesoba aRiniSneba sah-mde 2-8 kviriT adre. Tavis<br />
tkivili gamafrTxilebeli gaJonvisas Cveulebriv naklebad<br />
intensiuria, vidre anevrizmis gaskdomisas, magram Sei-<br />
Zleba gagrZeldes ramdenime dRe. 198,199 SeiZleba aRiniSnebodes<br />
gulisreva da Rebineba magram meningizmi iSviaTia.<br />
gamskdari anevrizmis mqone 3 seriis 1752 pacientidan 340s<br />
(20%, 15%, 37%) aReniSna uecari da Zlieri tkivili<br />
anevrizmis gaskdomamde. (187,197,198) Zalian mniSvnelovania gamafrTxilebeli<br />
gaJonvis identificireba. gadaudebeli daxmarebis<br />
departamentSi Tavis tkivili xSirad ZiriTadi<br />
Civilia, Tavis tkivilis mqone yvela pacientTa mxolod<br />
1%-s aReniSneba sah. 194 Sesabamisad, diagnostikuri „mzaobis~<br />
maRali xarisxi aucilebelia, radgan gamafrTxilebeli<br />
hemoragiis/gaJonvis amocnobam anevrizmis gaskdomamde,<br />
SeiZleba adamianis sicocxle gadaarCinos. 196 sah mqone pacientTa<br />
20% aReniSneba gulyrebi, umeteswilad pirveli<br />
24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi (200) da ufro xSirad im SemTxveveb-<br />
Si, rodesac sah-s Tan axlavs intracerebruli hemoragia,<br />
- 28 -
arteriuli hipertenzia, da sah-is mizezi tvinis Sua da<br />
wina SemaerTebeli arteriis anevrizmis gaskdomaa. 201<br />
sah-is diagnostirebis qvakuTxedia arakontrastuli<br />
kompiuteruli tomografia. 202 hemoragiis dadgenis alba-<br />
Toba klinikuri mdgomareobis da hemoragiis momentidan<br />
gasuli drois proporciulia. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiidan<br />
pirvel 12 saaTSi, CT mgrZnobeloba sah-is dasadgenad<br />
98% -100% -ia, 24saaTis Semdeg igi 93%-mde mcirdeba, 203_207<br />
xolo sah-dan 6 dRis Semdeg 57%- 85%-mde. 195,208 radganac<br />
CT mgrZnobeloba ar aris 100%-iani, Tu sawyisi CT negatiuria,<br />
unda Catardes sadiagnostiko lumbaluri puncqia.<br />
zusti diagnostikisaTvis saWiroa lumbaluri punqiis swori<br />
teqnika, siTxis saTanado damuSaveba da swori interpretacia.<br />
sakvanZo momentebia: lumbalur punqciasa da sah-is<br />
ganviTarebas Soris gasuli dro, leikocitebisa da eriTrocitebis<br />
raodenoba, qsantoqromiis arseboba, bilirubinis<br />
aRmoCena. 194,195,209,210 arsebobs saeWvo sah dros lumbaluri<br />
punqciiT miRebuli cerebrospinaluri siTxis gamokvlevis<br />
da Sefasebis gaidlainebi. 211<br />
kompiuteruli tomografiisa da cerebrospinaluri<br />
siTxis gamokvlevis normaluri Sedegebi umetes SemTxvevebSi<br />
gamoricxaven gamafrTxilebeli gaJonvis arsebobas<br />
da warmoadgenen ufro keTilsaimedo prognozis prediqtorebs<br />
Zlieri da/an uecari Tavis tkivilis dros. 212,213<br />
rekomendebulia, rom pacients kompiuteruli tomografiis<br />
da liqvoris analizis normaluri monacemebiT unda Cautardes<br />
simptomuri Tavis tkivilis mkurnaloba da saTanado<br />
konsultacia. 195<br />
- 29 -
magnitur rezonansuli tomografiis mniSvneloba sah<br />
diagnostikaSi gaizarda. protonuli simkvrivis magnitur<br />
rezonansulma an siTxiT-gazavebuli inversiiT gaumjobesebulma<br />
gamosaxvebma gaaumjobeses mwvave sah-is diagnostika.<br />
4,214_218 Tumca, gadaudebeli daxmarebis ganyofilebaSi MRI<br />
gamoyenebis SezRudvebi rutinuli movlenaa: organizaciuli<br />
problemebis (mwvave pacientisaTvis gadaRebis sirTuleebi),<br />
artefaqtebis, monitoringis SesaZleblobis SezRudvis,<br />
pacientis Tanxmobis, gamokvlevis xangrZlivobis da fasis<br />
gamo. swored am mizezebis gamo SeizRuda magnitur rezonansuli<br />
tomografiis xmareba subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis<br />
dros. miuxedavad amisa magnitur rezonansuli tomografia<br />
saSualebas gvaZlevs tvinis ukeT SeswavlaSi da subaraqnoiduli<br />
hemoragiis sxva mizezebis ZebnaSi. magnitur rezonansuli<br />
tomografia/mr-angiografia aris sah mqone pacientis<br />
gamokvlevis alternatiuli meTodebi, maSin rodesac<br />
kaTeteruli angiografiis Sedegebi negatiuria an kompiuteruli<br />
tomografiisa da liqvoris gamokvlevis Sedegebi uaryofiTia.<br />
mrt-s mniSvneloba sah dros bolo aTwleulSi gaizarda,<br />
magram man ver Caanacvla kaTeteruli angiografia, rogorc<br />
anevrizmis lokalizaciis dadgenisa da identifikaciis<br />
upirvelesi saSualeba. zemoT ganxiluli praqtikuli<br />
SezRudvebi Seexeba mra-s da sxva teqnologiur faqtorebs.<br />
iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa anevrizmis zoma, Ziebis Tanmimdevroba,<br />
postprocesoruli gamosaxulebis tipi, romlebic<br />
gamoiyeneba magnitur rezonansuli angiografiis (mra) interpretaciisas,<br />
SesaZloa moqmedebdes kvlevis Sedegebze.<br />
samganzomilebiani sivrciTi mra-s mgrZnobeloba cerebraluri<br />
- 30 -
anevrizmebis dros aris 55%- 93%. 219_222 es variaciebi ganpirobebulia<br />
anevrizmis zomebis variabelobiT. 5 mm_ze<br />
didi anevrizmis SemTxvevaSi mgrZnobeloba 85-100%-ia, ma-<br />
Sin roca 5mm_ze mcire zomis anevrizmis SemTxvevaSi mgrZnobeloba<br />
klebulobs 56%- mde. 219,221,223,224 . mra-s saSualebiT<br />
SezRudulia da gaZnelebulia anevrizmis yelis aferentul<br />
sisxlZarRvTan damokidebulebis Seswavla. mra ar<br />
saWiroebs iodizirebul kontrasts da maionizebel radiacias,<br />
rasac mniSvneloba aqvs orsuli pacientis gamokvlevaSi.<br />
sah ar mqone pacientebSi anevrizmis gamovlenisaTvis,<br />
rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, pirveladad misaRebia mra gamoyeneba.<br />
86,87<br />
kompiuterul tomografiuli angiografia (kta) es aris<br />
swrafi, mosaxerxebeli, nakleb invaziuri alternativa<br />
kaTeteruli angiografiisa da didi anevrizmebis diagnostirebisaTvis<br />
misi mgrZnobeloba kaTeteruli angiografiis<br />
mgrZnobelobas uaxlovdeba. am gamokvlevisas gamoiyeneba<br />
intravenuri iodizirebuli kontrastis swrafi ineqcia, xolo<br />
gamosaxuleba miiReba kontrastis gavlis arteriul faza-<br />
Si. gamosaxuleba romelsac gvaZlevs gamokvlevis es teqnika<br />
moicavs ares kefis didi xvrelidan viliziis wris da<br />
tvinis Sua arteriis bifurkaciis CaTvliT. kta-s warmateba<br />
nawilobriv damokidebulia gamosaxulebis miRebaze interesis<br />
adgilas kontrastis maqsimaluri dozis gavlisas.<br />
gamosaxulebis Semdgomi damuSavebis saSualebiT Sesa-<br />
Zloa samganzomilebiani sarwmuno informaciis miReba Semdgomi<br />
strategiis SemuSavebis mizniT. kta-s interpretacia ar<br />
unda iyos damyarebuli mxolod rekonstruqciul suraTebze.<br />
interpretacia unda eyrdnobodes ZiriTad suraTebs,<br />
- 31 -
xolo samganzomilebiani rekonstruirebuli gamosaxulebebi<br />
unda gamoiyenebodes specifiuri sakiTxebis dasazusteblad.<br />
223 kta-iT anevrizmebis gamovlenis mgrZnobeloba<br />
77%_100%, xolo specifiuroba 79%_100%. 83,226_231 kta –s<br />
mgrZnobeloba da specifiuroba anevrizmebis dadgenaSi damokidebulia<br />
anevrizmis lokalizaciaze da zomaze, radiologis<br />
gamocdilebaze, suraTis miRebaze da prezentaciaze. 5<br />
mm-ze didi anevrizmebis SemTxvevaSi kta mgrZnobelobaa<br />
95%_100%, maSin roca 5mm-ze mcire anevrizmis SemTxvevaSi<br />
es cifri klebulobs. 64%-83%-mde. 83,226,227_231 sisxlZarRv-<br />
Ta daklakniloba amcirebs kta-s specifiurobas da ganapirobebs<br />
araswor interpretacias: intrakranialuri<br />
anevrizmebis hiperdiagnostirebas. es yvelaze xSirad xdeba<br />
tvinis Sua arteriis bifurkaciis regionSi, wina SemaerTebel<br />
arteriasTan, da naTxemis ukana qvemo arteriebis<br />
midamoSi. radiologis gamocdileba mniSvnelovani faqtoria<br />
kta saSualebiT anevrizmebis zust gamovlinebaSi. mgrZnobeloba<br />
da specifiuroba anevrizmis dadgenisa miT metia<br />
rac metia mkvlevaris gamocdileba. 83,226 kta saSualebiT<br />
aRmoCenili anevrizmebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebsac CautardaT<br />
operacia, 100%-iani korelacia iyo nanaxi kta da kaTeterul<br />
angiografias Soris. 226,232 erTerT kvlevaSi 232 mixedviT<br />
kta da kaTeteruli angiografia tolfasia SemTxveva-<br />
Ta 80%-83%-Si. SemTxvevaTa 74%-Si kta-is Semdeg Catarebulma<br />
kaTeterulma angiografiam ver mogvca raime damatebiTi<br />
informacia. 228 am monacemebidan gamomdinare, im SemTxvevebSi,<br />
rodesac qirurgiuli Carevis dagvianeba kaTeteruli<br />
angiografiis Caterebis mizniT gaumarTlebelia (sariskoa)<br />
233 , bevri neiroqirurgi operacias akeTebs kompiute-<br />
- 32 -
uli tomografiis monacemebze dayrdnobiT.<br />
kta SeiZleba Seavsos kaTeteruli angiografiiT miRebuli<br />
informacia. kta ukeTesad gamoavlens anevrizmis kedlis<br />
kalcifikacias, anevrizmis intraluminalur Trombozs,<br />
intraparenqimuli hemoragiis mimarT anevrizmebis orientacias,<br />
da anevrizmis damokidebulebas ZvlebTan. kta efeqturad<br />
gamoavlens mZime vazospazms, magram nakleb informatiulia<br />
saSualo da mcire xarisxis vazospazmis SemTxvevaSi<br />
234 . kta-s upiratesoba gaaCnia gamosaxulebis swrafi<br />
miRebis da misi farTod gavrcelebis TvalsazrisiT, rac<br />
mas mosaxerxebels xdis kritikul mdgomareobaSi myofi<br />
pacientebis SemTxvevaSi. kta-s uaryofiT mxared iTvleba:<br />
iodizirebuli kontrastis saWiroeba, Zvlebis mier warmoqmnili<br />
artefaqtebi, romelmac SeiZleba Seamciros gamosaxulebis<br />
xarisxi da aseve mcire distaluri sisxlZarRvebis<br />
gamokvlevis SeuZlebloba. artefaqti aseve SeiZleba<br />
mogvces metalma, rac zRudavs kta gamoyenebas pacientebSi<br />
romlebsac adre Catarebuli aqvT operacia anevrizmis<br />
klifsiT an spiraliT gamoTiSvis gamo. kta gamoyeneba gr-<br />
Zeldeba da momavalSi igi sul ufro metad daemateba da<br />
zogjer Caanacvlebs konvenciur angiografias sah-s dros. 233,235<br />
amJamad sah dros cerebraluri anevrizmis diagnostirebis<br />
kvlevis standarts seleqtiuri kaTeteruli cerebruli<br />
angiografia warmoadgens. SemTxvevaTa daaxloebiT 20%-25%-<br />
Si cerebruli angiografiebis Catarebisas ar moxerxda sisxldenis<br />
wyaros gamovlena. 236 daaxloebiT erTi kviris Semdeg<br />
gakeTebul ganmeorebiT angiografiaze amoucnobi anevrizma SemTxvevaTa<br />
damatebiT 1%-2%-Si gamoCnda. 237<br />
- 33 -
Rirs Tua ara damatebiTi mcire informaciis miReba<br />
ganmeorebiT angiografiis Rirebulebis da riskis fasad<br />
amJamad diskusiis sagans warmoadgens. 238<br />
subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis gamovlineba<br />
da diagnostika:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. subaraqnoiduli hemoragia aris gadaudebeli<br />
samedicino mdgomareoba, romelic xSirad arasworad<br />
diagnostirdeba. sah mimarT maRali diagnostikuri<br />
`mzaoba~ unda iyos mwvaved ganviTarebili Zlieri Tavis<br />
tkivilis mqone pacientebis SemTxvevaSi (klasi I,<br />
mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
2. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis dros unda Catardes Tavis<br />
tvinis kompiuteruli tomografia. (klasi I, mtkicebulebis<br />
done B). negatiuri CT monacemebis SemTxvevaSi naCvenebia<br />
lumbaluri punqcia da liqvoris laboratoriuli kvleva<br />
(klasi I, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
3. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis mqone pacientebs unda<br />
Cautardes seleqtiuri angiografia, anevrizmis arsebobis<br />
dadasturebis da misi anatomiuri Taviseburebebis<br />
dadgenis mizniT (klasi I, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
4. magnitur-rezonasuli da kompiuterul-tomografiuli<br />
angiografia naCvenebia Tu ver xerxdeba seleqtiuri<br />
angiografiis drouli Catareba (klasi IIb, mtkicebulebis<br />
done B).<br />
- 34 -
VII. gadaudebeli samedicino Sefaseba<br />
da preoperaciuli movla<br />
umwvaves periodSi subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis mqone<br />
pacientebis movlis Sesaxeb arsebuli informacia mwiria.<br />
sah Semdeg pacientTa sul mcire ori mesamedi pirvel<br />
kontaqts amyarebs gadaudebeli daxmarebis personalTan.<br />
swrafi Sefasebisa da transportirebis modeli, romelic<br />
farTodaa danergili Trombolizuri Terapiis optimizaciisaTvis<br />
mwvave iSemiuri insultis dros, saWiroa gavrceldes<br />
hemoragiul insultzec. Tumca, sah mqone pacient-<br />
Tagan, romlebic Tavsdebian gadaudebeli daxmarebis departamentSi,<br />
yvelas ar aReniSneba fokaluri nevrologiuri<br />
deficiti, isini visac aqvs erTi an meti niSani da simptomi:<br />
Tavis tkivilis, cnobierebis donis Secvlis, Rebinebis saxiT,<br />
unda ganixilebodnen samedicino personalis mier rogorc<br />
potenciurad sah mqoneni. gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis<br />
TanamSromlebi unda iRebdnen mudmiv ganaTlebas,<br />
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania swrafi<br />
nevrologiuri Sefaseba, rodesac pacients aReniSneba Secvlili<br />
cnobiereba. Ppacientis swrafi transportireba da<br />
Setyobinebis gadacema gadaudebeli daxmarebis departamentisaTvis<br />
aucilebelia. Adayovneba Tavidan unda iyos acilebuli.<br />
sah dros pirvel rigSi unda moxdes sasunTqi gzebis<br />
Tavisuflebis, sunTqvisa da cirkulaciis adeqvaturi uzrunvelyofa.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom pacientebis umravlesobas<br />
sasunTqi gzebi komprometirebuli ara aqvs, maTSi maRalia<br />
nevrologiuri gauaresebis potenciuri SesaZlebloba, amitom<br />
sasunTqi gzebis mdgomareobaze dakvirveba mniSvnelo-<br />
- 35 -
vania. Tu pacienti saWiroebs endotraqealur intubacias<br />
cnobierebis daTrgunvis, sasunTqi gzebis proteqciis Seu-<br />
Zleblobis an respiratoruli problemebis gamo, procedura<br />
unda Catardes dadgenili protokolis Tanaxmad.<br />
rekomendebulia saswrafo intubaciisaTvis Tanmimdevruli<br />
protokolebi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces<br />
preoqsigenacias, refleqsuri dizriTmiis daTrgunvas farmakologiuri<br />
saSualebebT da sisxlis wnevis arasaWiro<br />
meryeobis Tavidan acilebas. endotraqealuri intubaciis<br />
Semdeg unda Cayendes nazogastraluri an orogastraluri<br />
zondi aspiraciis riskis Sesamcireblad. adeqvaturi oqsigenacia<br />
unda iyos SenarCunebuli hiperventilaciis gareSe<br />
da periodulad oqsimetriiT unda Catardes arteriul<br />
sisxlSi airebis analizi. unda Sedges srulyofili samedicino<br />
istoria da moxdes pacientis fizikuri gasinjva.<br />
ganskuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces sah riskis faqtorebs,<br />
xolo axalgazrda pacientebs an maT visac aqvs<br />
narkologiuri anamnezi unda CautardeT skriningi toqsinebze.<br />
Ddafiqsirebuli unda iyos iseTi faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas<br />
axdenen prognozze: asaki, anamnezSi arsebuli hipertenzia,<br />
sah Semdeg hospitalizaciamde gasuli dro da<br />
sisxlis wneva stacionarSi Sesvlisas.<br />
subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis mqone pacientis klinikuri<br />
mdgomareobis Sefasebis sistemis mravali varianti iyo<br />
mowodebuli. maT Sorisaa hant hesis Skala (Hunt-Hess),<br />
sisxlCaqcevis intensivobis Sefasebis fiSeris Skala (Fisher<br />
grade), glazgos komis Skala (GCS) da neiroqirurgTa msoflio<br />
federaciis (WFNS) Skala. literaturaSi kvlav rCeba<br />
myari deficiti sah-is mqone pacientebis mdgomareobis<br />
- 36 -
SefasebTan mimarTebaSi. Sefasebis SkalaTa umravlesoba<br />
Sedgenilia retrospeqtulad da maTi kvlevaTaSorisi da<br />
kvlevebSida variabeloba iSviaTad Tu aris Seswavlili.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis mqone<br />
pacientebis nevrologiuri Sefasebis Skalis SerCeva dRemde<br />
sakamaToa, rekomendebulia, rom gadaudebeli daxmarebis<br />
gamwevma personalma Seafasos sah-is mqone pacienti erTer-<br />
Ti arsebuli Skalis mixedviT da miitanos es informacia<br />
gadaudebali daxmarebis departamentamde (150.239) . Tu pirveladi<br />
daxmarebis gamwev klinikaSi ar aris sah-is mqone<br />
pacientisTvis kvalificiuri marTvis sakmarisi SesaZleblobebi,<br />
pacienti gadayvanili unda iyos Sesabamis referalur<br />
centrSi.<br />
pacientis mdgomareobis gadaudebeli<br />
Sefaseba da misi preoperaciuli movla:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. nevrologiuri darRvevebis Sefaseba sah-is simZimis<br />
Sefasebis miRebuli sistemiT saWiroa mkurnalobis<br />
adeqvaturi taqtikis SerCevisa da prognozis gansaz-<br />
RvrisaTvis (klasi IIa, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
2. saWiroa standartuli marTvis protokolis Seqmna,<br />
romelic gamoiyeneba gadaudebeli daxmarebis departamentSi<br />
Tavis tkivilis an potenciurad sah-is mqone<br />
pacientebSi. (klasi IIa, mtkicebulebis done C).<br />
- 37 -
VIII. ganmeorebiTi subaraqnoiduli<br />
sisxlCaqcevis Tavidan acilebis<br />
samkurnalo RonisZiebebi<br />
subaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqvevis SemTxvevaSi rekomendebulia<br />
pacientis woliTi reJimi. mxolod woliTi reJimi<br />
ar amcirebs ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqcevis risks da igi warmoadgens<br />
erTerT faqtors sxva ufro mniSvnelovan samkurnalo<br />
RonisZiebebTan erTad. 138,144,240_244<br />
amJamad ar moipoveba kargad Catarebuli kontrolirebadi<br />
kvlevebi, romlebic pasuxs gascemdnen, Tu ra mniSvneloba<br />
aqvs arteriuli wnevis kontrols mwvave period-<br />
Si ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqcevis ganviTarebaSi.<br />
retrospeqtuli kvlevebisas aRmoCnda, rom im pacientebSi,<br />
romlebic iRebdnen antihipertenziul saSualebebs,<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom maT mainc aReniSnebodaT maRali arteriuli<br />
wneva, rehemoragia viTardeboda ufro iSviaTad. 143<br />
naCvenebi iyo, rom arteriuli wnevis cvalebadoba ufro<br />
zrdis rehemoragiis risks, vidre mxolod maRali arteriuli<br />
wneva. 245 erTma kvlevam aCvena, rom rehemoragias win<br />
uswrebs sisxlis arteriuli wnevis mateba. 143 retrospeqtuli<br />
kvlevisas aRmoCnda, rom 179 gamokvleuli pacientidan,<br />
romlebic klinikaSi moxvdnen subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis<br />
ganviTarebidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, 17%-s ganuviTarda<br />
rehemoragia, romelic dakavSirebuli iyo sistoluri wnevis<br />
maRal maCvenebelTan >150 mm Hg. 246 es monacemebi winaaRmdegobaSi<br />
modis im faqtTan, rom rehomarigias win uswrebs<br />
arteriuli wnevis mateba. meore kvlevis mixedviT, sisxl-<br />
Caqcevidan pirvel 2 saaTSi rehemoragia ganuviTarda pacientebis<br />
13,6%- s da is ufro xSiri iyo im pacientebSi,<br />
- 38 -
omelTa sistoluri wneva iyo >160 mm Hg. 141 meore didi<br />
retrospeqtuli kvlevis mixedviT, klinikaSi moTavsebisas<br />
rehemoragia ganuviTardaT pacientebis 6.9%-s, romelTac<br />
ar aReniSnebodaT maRali arteriuli wneva. 247 am kvlevebis<br />
interpretireba rTulia gansxvavebuli observaciis drois<br />
da sxvadasxva antihipertenziuli saSualebebis gamoyenebis<br />
gamo 248 , miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela pacients qirurgiuli<br />
Careva anevrizmis gamoTiSvis mizniT Cautarda klinika-<br />
Si moTavsebidan pirvel 24 saaTSi. maRali arteriuli<br />
wnevis SemTxvevaSi mizanSewonilia xanmokle moqmedebis<br />
antihipertenziuli saSualebebis intravenuri infuzia.<br />
antihipertenziuli saSualebebidan mowodebulia nikardipini,<br />
labetaloli da esmololi. natriumis nitroprusidis<br />
gamoyeneba sasurveli ar aris, radgan xangrZlivi gamoyenebisas<br />
iwvevs qalasSiga wnevis matebas da amasTan, toqsiuria.<br />
1967 wlidan daiwyo antifibrinolizuri Terapiis,<br />
rogorc rehemoragiis prevenciuli saSualebis, rolis Seswavla.<br />
30 gamoqveynebul kvlevebs Soris mxolod naxevari<br />
iyo randomizirebuli kvleva Catarebuli konkurentuli<br />
kontroliT. 11 kvlevaSi Catarda misaRebi xarisxis randomizireba.<br />
adamsma da Tanavtorebma 242 mimoixiles 3 kvleva<br />
(2 randomizirebuli da 1 me-4 fazis prospeqtuli<br />
kvleva), romlebSic naCvenebia, rom antifibrinolizuri sa-<br />
Sualebebi amcireben rehemoragiis risks randomizirebul<br />
pacientebSi. Tumca, 14 dRis Semdeg im pacientTa 1/3- Si<br />
aRiniSna mdgomareobis gauareseba.<br />
multicentrulma, randomizirebulma, ormagma brma,<br />
placebo kontrolirebadma kvlevam aCvena, rom traneqsamis<br />
- 39 -
mJavis gamoyenebam Seamcira rehemoragiis ricxvi >60%-iT,<br />
magram tvinis iSemiuri dazianebebis ufro xSirad ganvi-<br />
Tarebis gamo, saerTo gamosavlis gaumjobesebaze aman zegavlena<br />
ver moaxdina. 144 daaxloebiT igive suraTi mogvca<br />
kaselis da Tanaavtorebis 340 ararandomizirebulma da kontrolirebadma<br />
kvlevam: 40%-iT Hiklo rehemoragiam im pacientebSi,<br />
romlebic iRebdnen antifibrinolizur saSualebebs,<br />
magram 43%-iT moimata kerovanma iSemiurma dazianebebma.<br />
ormagma brma, placebo kontrolirebadma kvlevam traneqsamis<br />
mJavis gamoyenebiT 249 rehemoragiis ganviTarebaSi gansxvaveba<br />
ver aCvena. xolo tvinis iSemiuri dazianeba ufro<br />
xSirad ganuviTarda namkurnaleb pacientebs, Tumca, statistikurad<br />
arasarwmuno. igive Sedegi aCvena retrospeqtulma<br />
kvlevebma 250,251 : miuxedavad antifibrinolizuri Terapiis<br />
xangrZlivobisa da epsilon aminokapronis mJavis (36g/d)<br />
Tu traneqsamis mJavis (6-12g/d). gamoyenebisa.<br />
anevrizmebis adreuli qirurgiuli mkurnaloba cerebruli<br />
vazospazmis sawinaaRmdego samkurnalo saSualebebTan<br />
kombinaciaSi SesaZlebels xdis Semcirdes antifibrinolizuri<br />
TerapiiT gamowveuli tvinis iSemiuri garTulebebi<br />
da winasaoperacio rehemoragiis riski. aseT pirobebSi,<br />
prospeqtul, randomizebul kvlevaSi antifibrinolizuri<br />
preparatis – traneqsamis mJavis gamoyeneba Sedegiani aRmoCnda<br />
(rehemoragiis riskis da cudi gamosavlis Semcirebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT) subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis diagnozis<br />
dasmidan dauyovnebliv daniSvnis SemTxvevaSi. 140<br />
- 40 -
ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqcevis Tavidan<br />
acilebis samkurnalo RonisZiebebi:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. saWiroa arteriuli wnevis mudmivi monitoringi da<br />
kontroli iSemiuri insultis an arteriuli<br />
hipertenziiT gamowveuli rehemoragiis Tavidan acilebis<br />
da tvinis perfuziuli wnevis SenarCunebis mizniT. (klasi<br />
I, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
2. mxolod woliTi reJimi ar aris sakmarisi rehemoragiis<br />
Tavidan asacileblad. amisaTvis saWiroa sxva ufro<br />
farTo da mniSvnelovani samkurnalo RonisZiebebis<br />
Catareba. (klasi IIb, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
3. Tumca, adre Catarebuli kvlevebis mixedviT,<br />
antifibrolizuri saSualebebis gamoyenebas uaryofiTi<br />
Sedegebi axlda Tan; axali, mtkicebaze dafuZnebuli<br />
kvlevebis Tanaxmad, antifibrolizuri Terapia SesaZlebelia<br />
aRmoCndes mizanSewonili, Tuki is gamoiyeneba<br />
mcire kursiT anevrizmis daCqarebuli wesiT gamoTiSvis<br />
win, operaciis Semdgeg Sewydeba da amavdroulad Catardeba<br />
hipovolemiis da arteriuli spazmis sawinaaRmdego<br />
samkurnalo RonisZiebebi. Tumca, saWiroa am mosazrebis<br />
damatebiT dadastureba Semdgomi kvlevebiT.<br />
garda amisa, antifibrinolizuri mkurnaloba rehomaragiis<br />
Tavidan acilebis mizniT SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos<br />
garkveul klinikur SemTxvevebSi, mag. im sah-is mqone im<br />
pacientebSi, romelTac arteriuli spazmis ganviTarebis<br />
dabali riski aqvT da amasTan qirurgiuli Careva<br />
anevrizmis gamoTiSvis mizniT mogvianebiT aris mizan-<br />
Sewonili (klasi IIb, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
- 41 -
IX. gamskdari anevrizmebis<br />
endovaskuluri da qirurgiuli<br />
mkurnaloba<br />
1991 wels guglielma da Tanaavtorebma 252 aRweres<br />
anevrizmis endovaskuluri gamoTiSvis teqnika, romelic<br />
xorcieldeboda elqtroliziT mowyvetadi platinis spiralebis<br />
(Guglielmi detachable coils-GDS) meSveobiT. guglielmis<br />
mowyvetadi spirali mikrokaTeteris meSveobiT uSualod<br />
Tavsdeboda anevrizmis parkSi da misi mowyveta warmoebda<br />
uJangavi foladis mikro mimmarTveli mavTuliT<br />
elqtruli impulsis meSveobiT. anverizmis daxurva - amovseba<br />
xdeboda ramodenime spiralis meSveobiT. spiralebi<br />
iwvevdnen anevrizmis SigTavsis Trombozs da anevrizma<br />
iTiSeboda sisxlis mimoqcevidan. Semdgom wlebSi am me-<br />
Todma klinikuri gamocdilebis dagrovebis, spiralebis<br />
dizainis da damxmare saSualebebis teqnologiuri daxvewis<br />
Sedegad farTo gavrceleba hpova. im klinikebSi, romlebSic<br />
dainerga endovaskuluri meTodiT mkurnaloba, gaumjobesda<br />
daavadebis gamosavali. 102,117,118,25 miuxedavad amisa, im<br />
klinikebSi, sadac endovaskuluri meTodi xelmisawvdomia,<br />
is gansxvavebuli sixSiriT gamoiyeneba. zogierT klinikaSi<br />
anevrizmis klipireba warmoebs mxolod im SemTxvevebSi,<br />
rodesac ver xerxdeba anevrizmis endovaskuluri gamoTiSva.<br />
zogierT klinikebSi endovaskuluri mkurnaloba warmoebs<br />
pacientebis mxolod 1%-Si an gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi<br />
angiografiuli monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 118,254,255<br />
endovaskuluri embolizaciis proceduruli riskis<br />
mimoxilva eyrdnoboda 1990 wlis ianvridan 1997 wlis<br />
martamde gamoqveynebuli publikaciebis metaanalizs da<br />
- 42 -
moicavda 1256 pacients. 256 aRniSnuli mimoxilvis mixedviT,<br />
anevrizmis perforacia (gaxeTqva) ganuviTarda pacientebis<br />
2,4%-s, xolo SemTxvevaTa 8,5%-Si aRiniSna iSemiuri<br />
garTulebebi. SemTxvevaTa 3,7%-Si procedurul garTulebebs<br />
hqondaT mudmivi xasiaTi. daavadebis gamosavali pirvel<br />
rigSi dakavSirebuli iyo sisxlCaqcevis intensivobasTan,<br />
ris gamoc endovaskuluri proceduruli riskis zegavlenis<br />
dadgena saerTo gamosavalze gaZnelebuli iyo.<br />
endovaskuluri da klipirebis proceduruli riskebis<br />
zegavlena klinikur gamosavalze ufro naTlad ganxiluli<br />
iyo gaumskdari anevrizmebis mqone pacientebis mkurnalobisas.<br />
bolo dros gamoqveynebul publikaciaSi257 , romel-<br />
Sic ganxiluli iyo gaumskdari intrakranialuri anevrizmebis<br />
saerTaSoriso kvlevis Sedegebi, endovaskuluri meTodis<br />
procedurulma sikvdilianobam (30 dRis ganmavlobaSi)<br />
Seadgina 2%, xolo unarSezRudulobis maCvenebelma 7,4%.<br />
185, 258<br />
aseve bolo dros gamoqveynebul publikaciaSi (ISAT)<br />
proceduruli garTulebebi ar iyo naCvenebi. Tumca 2 Tvis<br />
Semdeg endovaskuluri meTodiT namkurnaleb pacientebSi<br />
sikvdilianobam da unarSezRudulobis maCvenebelma Seadgina<br />
25,4%. ra Tqma unda es maCvenebeli moicavs rogorc<br />
mkurnalobis aseve Tavad daavadebis gamosavals.<br />
intrakranialuri anevrizmebis mkurnalobis proceduruli<br />
efeqturoba ganisazRvreba 2 faqtoriT: rehemoragiis<br />
da angiografiulad recidivis raodenobiT. ramodenime publikaciaSi<br />
ganxilulia ganmeorebiTi subaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqcevis<br />
sixSire endovaskuluri mkurnalobis Semdeg. 7<br />
kvlevaSi, romelSic ganxilulia yvela lokalizaciis<br />
anevrizmebis endovaskuluri mkurnalobis Sedegebi, adeq-<br />
- 43 -
vaturad aris asaxuli anevrizmis ganmeorebiTi gaskdomis<br />
albaToba. 259-265 Tu SevajamebT yvela am SemTxvevas, anevrizmis<br />
gaskdomis riski misi spiralebiT gamoTiSvis Semdeg,<br />
yovelwliurad daaxloebiT 0,9% iqneba. bolo kvlevis<br />
mixedviT, romelSic ganxilulia gamskdari anevrizmebis<br />
spiralebiT gamoTiSvis Sedegebi 431 pacientze, anevrizmis<br />
adreuli ganmeorebiTi gaskdomis maCvenebeli iyo 1,4%,<br />
romelic yvela SemTxvevaSi leTaluri SedegiT damTavrda.<br />
265 igive kvlevaSi aRwerilia 2 SemTxveva anevrizmis<br />
ganmeorebiTi gaskdomisa angiografiulad misi sruli gamo-<br />
TiSvis pirobebSi. ISAT kvlevaSi, romelic warmoadgens<br />
erTaderT randomizirebul kvlevas, sadac Sedarebulia<br />
anevrizmis endovaskulurad da qirurgiulad gamoTiSvis<br />
Sedegebi, pirveli wlis ganmavlobaSi endovaskulurad namkurnaleb<br />
pacientebSi rehemoragiis maCvenebelma Seadgina daax-<br />
185, 258<br />
loebiT 2,9%.<br />
ufro mogvianebiT gamoqveynda `Boston Scientific” – is<br />
mier dafinansebuli samecniero kvleva, romlis mizansac<br />
warmoadgenda endovaskulurad gamoTiSuli anevrizmebis<br />
Soreuli ganmeorebiTi gaskdomis maCveneblis gansazRvra.<br />
ganxiluli iyo amerikis SeerTebul Statebis 9 yvelaze<br />
didi gamocdilebis mqone klinikebis, 1996-1998 wlebSi<br />
Catarebuli endovaskuluri operaciebis Sedegebi. kvleva<br />
efuZneboda telefoniT gamokiTxvas da moqaleqaTa ganacxadebs.<br />
miuxedavad imisa rom daudgenelia pacientTa ra<br />
procentis gamokiTxva moxerxda, yvela rehemoragia ganvi-<br />
Tarda operaciidan pirveli 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi da rehemoragiis<br />
maCvenebeli ufro maRali iyo vidre klipirebis<br />
SemTxvevebSi. 266<br />
- 44 -
oTxi damatebiTi kvleva iZleva detalur informacias<br />
ukana cirkulaciis anevrizmebis endovaskuluri gamoTiSvis<br />
Semdeg ganviTarebuli hemoragiebis Sesaxeb. amaTgan erT<br />
kvlevaSi, romelSic ganxilulia bazilaruli arteriis<br />
distaluri nawilis 34 anevrizmis endovaskuluri meTodiT<br />
mkurnalobis Sedegebi, rehemoragia aRiniSna mxolod<br />
erT arasrulad gamoTiSuli anevrizmis SemTxvevaSi. amis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT yovelwliurad anevrizmidan rehemoragiis<br />
riskma Seadgina 1,3%. 267 meore kvlevaSi romelic moicavda<br />
61 pacients, 1,1 wlis ganmavlobaSi anevrizmidan rehemoragia<br />
ganviTarda 2,9% -Si. 268 ukana cirkulaciis gamskdari<br />
anevrizmebis 104 SemTxvevaSi, rehemoragia gamovlinda pacientTa<br />
0,9%-Si. 269 SedarebiT patara kvlevaSi, romelic<br />
moicavda 23 pacients, 24 pacienti-welis ganmavlobaSi rehemoragia<br />
ar gamovlenila. yvela am kvlevebis Sejamebis<br />
safuZvelze, ukana cirkulaciis anevrizmebis endovaskuluri<br />
meTodiT gamoTiSvis Semdeg, anevrizmidan rehemoragiis maCvenebeli<br />
aris daaxloebiT 1,4%.<br />
zogierT publikaciaSi, sadac ganxilulia anevrizmebis<br />
endovaskuluri meTodiT mkurnalobis Semdeg ganviTarebuli<br />
rehemoragiis maCvenebeli, ar aris mocemuli ra periodis<br />
ganmavlobaSi xdeboda pacientebze dakvirveba, an zustad<br />
ar aris mocemuli pirveladi mkurnalobis dros ra<br />
raodenoba iyo maT Soris gaumskdari. 271-278 Sesabamisad am<br />
kvlevebis safuZvelze, endovaskuluri meTodiT namkurnaleb<br />
pacientebSi, rehemoragiis riskis gansazRvra ar aris<br />
SesaZlebeli. informaciis dagrovebasTan erTad SesaZlebeli<br />
gaxda im risk-faqtorebis gamoyofa, romlebic zrdian<br />
rehemoragiis maCvenebels endovaskulurad namkurnaleb pa-<br />
- 45 -
cientebSi. mniSvnelovan risk faqtorebs miekuTvneba: anevrizmis<br />
zoma, forma da subaaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqcevis arseboba.<br />
erT kohortul kvlevaSi, romelic Seexeboda 2 sm ze<br />
meti diametris mqone gamskdar anevrizmebs, endovaskuluri<br />
meTodiT maTi gamoTiSvis Semdeg wliurma rehemoragiis<br />
riskma Seadgina 2,7%. 270 sxva kvlevaSi wliurma rehemoragiis<br />
riskma, spiralebiT gamoTiSul gamskdar da gaumskdar<br />
anevrizmebSi Seadgina 1.8%. anevrizmis zoma warmoadgenda<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovan risk faqtors endovaskulurad namkurnaleb<br />
pacientebSi. 3,5 wlis ganmavlobaSi dakvirvebisas<br />
rehemoragis maCvenebelma giganturi anevrizmebSi Seadgina<br />
33%, did anevrizmebSi – 4%, xolo mcire zomis anevrizmeb-<br />
Si _ 0%. sxva kvlevaSi, sadac mniSnelovan risk-faqtors<br />
anevrizmis okluziis xarisxi warmoadgenda 279 wliuri rehemoragiis<br />
riskma 1,4% Seadgina.<br />
calkeul seriebSi aRwerilia anevrizmebis recidivebi<br />
da ganmeorebiTi gaskdomis SemTxvevebi, miuxedavad maTi sruli<br />
gamoTiSvisa endovaskuluri Tu qirurgiuli meTodiT. 93,271,280<br />
Tumca umetes wilad anevrizmidan ganmeorebiTi hemoragia<br />
dafiqsirda im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac operaciis Semdeg angiografiulad<br />
verificirebuli iyo anevrizmis arasruli<br />
gamoTiSva. anevrizma zomaSi matulobs, rodesac ar xdeba<br />
misi sruli gamoTiSva. erTerT kvlevaSi, romelSic ganxiluli<br />
iyo endovaskulurad arasrulad gamoTiSuli 178<br />
anevrizma, anevrizmis zomaSi mateba dafiqsirda 49%-Si. 281<br />
intrakraniul anevrizmaTa umetes SemTxvevaSi pirveli endovaskuluri<br />
Carevisas ver xerxdeba maTi sruli gamoTiSva.<br />
256 meta-analizma aCvena, rom endovaskuluri meTodiT<br />
anevrizmebis sruli gamoTiSva miRweulia 54% SemTxveveb-<br />
- 46 -
Si, xolo 88% -Si moxerxda anevrizmis 90%-ze meti nawilis<br />
daxurva. 256<br />
publikaciaSi, romelic moicavda CrdiloeT amerikis<br />
yvelaze didi raodenobis pacientTa serias (818 pacienti)<br />
romlebsac CautardaT 916 anevrizmis spiraliT gamoTiSva<br />
11 wlis ganmavlobaSi, naCvenebia rom mxolod anevrizmebis<br />
55% gamoiTiSa srulad. 282 kvlevis analizma aCvena, rom<br />
anevrizmis arasrulad gamoTiSvis da Sesabamisad misi recidivis<br />
ZiriTadi mizezi iyo anevrizmis zoma da forma. Tu<br />
kvlevidan amoviRebT pirveli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi namkurnaleb<br />
pacientebs (pirveladi gamocdilebis dagrovebis periodSi)<br />
da davtovebT bolo 6 wlis ganmavlobaSi 558<br />
pacientze Catarebul 665 anevrizmis endovaskulurad gamo-<br />
TiSvis proceduras, miviRebT Semdeg suraTs: mcire zomis<br />
(4mm-dan 10mm-mde) da viwro yelis (4mm-ze naklebi an toli)<br />
mqone anevrizmebis SemTxvevebSi, maTi sruli gamoTiSva ver<br />
moxerxda 25,5%-Si. anevrizmis recidivi (hemoragiis gareSe)<br />
misi arasrulad gamoTiSvisas aRiniSna 21%-Si, xolo sruli<br />
gamoTiSvisas 1,1%-Si; patara zomis da ganieri yelis<br />
(>4mm) mqone anevrizmebis 59%-Si ver moxerxda maTi sruli<br />
gamoTiSva. anevrizmis recidivma srulad da arasrulad<br />
gamoTiSulebSi Sesabamisad Seadgina 7,5 da 29,4%; didi<br />
zomis anevrizmebSi (11mm-25mm) maTi sruli gamoTiSva ver<br />
moxerxda 56%-Si, xolo recidivma srulad da arasrulad<br />
gamoTiSulebSi Sesabamisad Seadgina 30 da 44%. giganturi<br />
zomis (>25mm) anevrizmebis 63%-Si ver moxerxda maTi sruli<br />
gamoTiSva, recidivi srul da arasrulad gamoTiSul<br />
anevrizmebSi Sesabamisad ganviTarda 42 da 60%-Si 282 .<br />
- 47 -
didi gamocdilebis mqone klinikebSic ki anevrizmebis<br />
endovaskuluri meTodiT mkurnalobisas maRalia arasruli<br />
obliteraciis da recidivebis maCveneblebi, rac dakav-<br />
Sirebulia proceduruli garTulebebis Tavidan acilebasTan.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom proceduruli garTulebebis<br />
minimizirebis saSualebebis zegavlena klinikur avadobaze<br />
da mkurnalobis gamosavalze ganxilvis sagans warmoadgens.<br />
mag. arasrulad gamoTiSuli anevrizmebis mqone pacientTa<br />
umravlesobas ar aReniSnebaT rehemoragia. Tumca<br />
aseTi taqtikis efeqturobis Sefaseba aucilebelad moiTxovs<br />
pacientTa xangrZliv dakvirvebas da sakontrolo<br />
klinikur da angiografiul kvlevebs. bolo drois kvlevis<br />
mixedviT, seleqtiuri angiografiis nacvlad warmatebiT<br />
SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli magnitur-rezonansuli angiografia-mra<br />
(gadoliniumiT kontrastirebisas). 283 sakontrolo<br />
mra-iT SesaZlebelia anevrizmis recidivis aRmoCena sanam<br />
igi klinikurad gamovlindeba. 281-284 endovaskuluri meTodis<br />
efeqturobis Sesafeseblad, mxedvelobaSi aris misaRebi<br />
is riski, fasi da diskomforti, romelic ukavSirdeba<br />
sakontrolo seleqtiur angiografias. miuxedavad imisa<br />
rom arasrulad gamoTiSuli anevrizmidan dabalia ganmeorebiTi<br />
hemoragiis ganviTarebis riski, Zalzed mniSvnelovania<br />
anevrizma srulad iyos gamoTiSuli endovaskuluri<br />
Tu qirurgiuli gziT.<br />
Tavis tvinis Sua arteriis anevrizmis endovaskuluri<br />
meTodiT gamoTiSva misi morfologiuri Taviseburebebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT xSir SemTxvevaSi rTulia 117,255,285,286 , xolo<br />
klipirebis Sedegebi sxva lokalizaciis anevrizmebTan SedarebiT<br />
ufro ukeTesia. 286-289 meores mxriv, ukana cirku-<br />
- 48 -
laciis anevrizmebis qirurgiuli mkurnaloba xSir SemTxveveaSi<br />
rTulia73 , xolo dakvirvebaze da Sedarebaze dafuZnebul<br />
kvlevebSi endovaskuluri meTodiT mkurnaloba ukeTes<br />
Sedegebs iZleva. 120,270 kavernozuli sinusis anevrizmebis<br />
qirurgiuli mkurnaloba Zalzed rTulia, xolo endovaskuluri<br />
meTodiT misi mkurnaloba SedarebiT iolia, 290 amasTan<br />
orive meTodis mizani kompresiuli simptomebis Semcirebaa.<br />
291<br />
anevrizmis zoma pirdapir kavSirSia garTulebebis risk-<br />
Tan da gamoTiSvis xarisxTan. erTerT meta-analizur kvlevaSi73<br />
naTlad aris naCvenebi kavSiri anevrizmis gigantur<br />
zomebsa da sikvdilianobis da unarSezRudulobis ganvi-<br />
Tarebis maCvenebelTan. rogorc zemoT avRniSneT didi zomis<br />
da ganieri yelis mqone anevrizmebSi maRalia arasruli<br />
gamoTiSvis maCvenebeli, ris gamoc SemdgomSi SesaZlebelia<br />
saWiro gaxdes ganmeorebiTi endovaskuluri mkurnaloba. 282,292-<br />
296 Zalian mcire zomis (1/2) warmoadgens damoukidebel faqtors,<br />
romelic gansazRvravs anevrizmis srulad gamoTiSvis<br />
xarisxs da recidivis ganviTarebis sixSires. 296-299 im<br />
SemTxvevebSi roca anevrizmis yelis diametri
meTodiT miiRweva ukeTesi Sedegebi da aseve dabalia<br />
garTulebebis ricxvi. 297<br />
subaaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqceviT ganviTarebuli<br />
garTulebebi da Tanmxlebi klinikuri mdgomareoba aseve<br />
gansazRvraven qirurgiuli mkurnalobis taqtikas. Aase magaliTad<br />
anevrizmis gaskdomiT ganpirobebuli didi parenqimuli<br />
hematomis (gamoxatuli mass-efeqtiT) arsebobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi mizanSewonilia qirurgiuli Carevis warmoeba<br />
hematomis evakuaciis da qalas-Sida wnevis Semcirebis mizniT.<br />
meores mxriv cudi nevrologiuri statusis an Tavis tvinis<br />
gamoxatuli SeSupebis pirobebSi (mass-efeqtis gareSe)<br />
qirurgiuli Careva dakavSirebulia damatebiT riskebTan<br />
(tvinis traqciis gamo), 300 xolo es pirobebi ar axdenen<br />
gavlenas endovaskuluri meTodis efeqturobaze. 301 Ggamoxatuli<br />
SeSupebis an hematomis arsebobis pirobebSi SeiZleba<br />
warmatebuli iyos kombinirebuli Terapia: anevrizmis spiralebiT<br />
gamoTiSva da dekompresia an hematomis evakuacia.<br />
teqnologiurma progresma aseve gazarda da gaafarTova<br />
endovaskuluri meTodis SesaZleblobebi. warmatebiT<br />
dainerga praqtikaSi kompleqsuri formis 3-ganzomilebiani<br />
spiralebi, ze-rbili spiralebi, 302 Txieri polimeruli<br />
teqnika, 303 bioaqtiuri an dafaruli spiralebi. Aaseve daixvewa<br />
balon asistirebiT 304-307 da stent asistirebiT 308-314<br />
anevrizmis spiralebiT gamoTiSvis teqnika mag: farTo yeliani<br />
anevrizmebis dros. Tumca mxedvelobaSi aris misaRebi<br />
is gareomabac, rom damxmare teqnikurma saSualebebma<br />
SeiZleba gazardon proceduruli garTulebebis riski da<br />
uaryofiTi zegavlena moaxdinon gamosavalze.<br />
- 50 -
daavadebis gamosavalze rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli<br />
aseve gavlenas axdens qirurgis unar-Cvevebi da klinikis<br />
gamocdileba. Eendovaskuluri meTodis efeqturoba izrdeba<br />
qirurgis mier gamocdilebis SeZenasTan erTad, 272 didi gamtarianobis<br />
mqone akademiur centrebSi treningis dros<br />
pirveli 5 proceduris Catarebis Semdeg mniSvnelovnad<br />
mcirdeba proceduruli riski. 315 Eendovaskuluri meTodiT<br />
mkurnalobisas pacientis SerCeva aseve mniSvnelovania da<br />
igi bevr faqtorzea damokidebuli. gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
pacientis klinikuri mdgomareoba, anevrizmis topografiuli<br />
Taviseburebebi, Sesabamisi samedicino teqnikuri aRWurvilobis<br />
arseboba, da rac mTavaria qirurgis unari da<br />
gamocdileba.<br />
endovaskuluri meTodiT anevrizmis mkurnalobisas arc<br />
Tu iSviaTia recidivebi, 256,282 misi sruli gamoTiSvis pirobeb-<br />
Sic ki. 271, 280 Aaseve sakmaod xSiria ganmeorebiTi endovaskuluri<br />
Carevebi anevrizmis zomaSi matebis SeCerebis da<br />
rehemoragiis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. 281,284 Aam garemoebis<br />
gamo endovaskuluri meTodiT mkurnalobis Semdeg mowodebulia<br />
sakontrolo angiografiuli kvlevebi arasrulad<br />
gamoTiSuli anevrizmebis gamosavlenad. Ganevrizmebis gansxvavebuli<br />
raodenoba saWiroebs damatebiT endovaskulur<br />
Carevas, im SemTxvevebSi rodesac SeuZlebelia anevrizmis<br />
sruli gamoTiSva, ismeba sakiTxi qirurgiuli gziT mis<br />
klipirebaze. 316<br />
mcire raodenobis kvleva eTmoba sakiTxs: ra periodis<br />
Semdeg aris mizanSewonili sakontrolo angiografiis Catareba.<br />
sruli gamoTiSvis SemTxvevaSi bevri qirurgi amjobinebs<br />
sakontrolo angiografia Caataros 6 Tvis Semdeg, ris<br />
- 51 -
safuZvelzec wydeba Semdgomi angiografiuli kvlevis Catarebis<br />
mizanSewonileba da vadebi. bolo kvlevis mixedviT,<br />
sadac ganxilulia 501 anevrizmis mqone 466 pacienti, romelTac<br />
CautardaT endovaskuluri operacia akvirdebodnen 1<br />
welze met xans. anevrizmis recidivi gamovlenilia 33,6%<br />
- Si da gamovlenis saSualo periodi iyo 12,3 Tve. 6 Tvis<br />
Tavze sakontrolo angiografiiT recidivebis 50%-ze meti<br />
ar iyo nanaxi Tu sworad Sefasebuli. amitom mogvianebiT<br />
sakontrolo angiografiul kvleva aucilebelia endovaskuluri<br />
meTodiT namkurnaleb pacientebSi. 317 Tu angiografiiT<br />
anevrizma arasrulad aris gamoTiSuli sakontrolo<br />
kvleva unda Catardes ufro xSirad. 282<br />
seleqtiuri angiografia rekomendebulia sakontrolo<br />
kvlevis Catarebisas, misi vizulaizaciuri SesaZleblobis<br />
gamo. seleqtiuri angiografiis mcire proceduruli riskis<br />
(
meTodaT spiralebiT gamoTiSuli anevrizmebis sakontrolo<br />
kvlevisas (283). qalas radiografiiT aseve SesaZlebelia<br />
anevrizmis rekanalizaciis identificireba. kvlevaSi<br />
sadac ganxiluli iyo 60 pacienti, spiralebis kompaqturobis<br />
radiografiuli maCvenebli karg korelaciaSi movida<br />
seleqtiuri angiografiis da mra monacemebTan (319).<br />
kooperaciul kvlevaSi (320) mocemulia 979 pacientis<br />
qirurgiuli klipirebis Sedegebi. 453 pacientidan 9s<br />
(2%) aReniSna rehemoragia; maTgan TiTqmis naxevars (4<br />
pacienti) hqondaT mravlobiTi anevrizmebi. mkurnalobis<br />
randomizirebul kvlevaSi (1) , subaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqcevidan<br />
pirvel 3 TveSi Catarebuli operacia (klipireba an<br />
SefuTva) mniSvnelovnad amcirebs rehemoragiis risks am<br />
periodis ganmavlobaSi woliT reJimTan, hipotenziasTan an<br />
saZile arteriis ligirebasTan SedarebiT. Soreuli rehemoragiis<br />
maCvenebeli mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba intrakraniuli<br />
operaciis an saZile arteriis ligirebis SemTxvevebSi.<br />
didi retrospeqtiuli kvlevis mixedviT 9 karg<br />
mdgomareobaSi myofi pacientebis 11,1%-s operaciamde aReniSna<br />
ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqceva, xolo 644 naoperaciebi pacientebis<br />
mxolod 8 SemTxvevaSi (1,2%) adgili hqonda operaciis<br />
Semdgom rehemoragias. es Sedegebi Seesabameba ufro<br />
adre gamoqveynebul did seriebs 322,323 da aseve bolo periodSi<br />
Catarebul prospeqtuli kvlevis 247 Sedegebs, romel-<br />
Sic miuxedavad mkurnalobis agresiuli taqtikisa pacientTa<br />
5.5%-s operaciamde aReniSnaT ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqceva.<br />
kvlevis avtoris mtkicebiT Hunt-Hess –is maRali done da<br />
anevrizmis zomebi warmoadgenen rehemoragiis damoukidebel<br />
risk-faqtorebs.<br />
- 53 -
ilstram da Tanaavtorebma 324 gaanalizes anevrizmis<br />
klipirebis efeqturoba rehemoragiis cudi gamosavlis<br />
SemcirebasTan mimarTebaSi, da maTi gamoTvlebis mixedviT,<br />
rehemoragiis riski 19%-iT ufro mcire aRmoCnda im pacientebSi,<br />
romelTac CautardaT qirurgiuli Careva im pacientebTan<br />
SedarebiT, romelTac konservatiulad umkurnales.<br />
aRniSnul kvlevaSi, qirurgiuli garTulebis mniSvnelovan<br />
ganmsazRverls warmoadgenda > 65 wlis asaki.<br />
foerbergma da Tanaavtorebma 325 reqtospeqtulad Seiswavles<br />
715 pacientis SemTxveva, romelTac CautardaT operacia<br />
1970-1980 wlebSi. sakontrolo angiografiaze 27 pacients<br />
(3.8%) aReniSna anevrizmis arasruli gamoTiSva, da<br />
mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi aRiniSna ganmeorebiTi sisxl-<br />
Caqceva 266 pacienti-wlis ganmavlobaSi (yvla pacientze<br />
dakvirvebis jamuri xangrZlivoba). Tumca, linis da Tanavtorebis<br />
326 mier moxsenebul sxva seriaTa kvlevaSi, arasrulad<br />
daklipirebuli anevrizmis mqone 19 pacienti kvlav<br />
moxvda saavadmyofoSi anevrizmis zomaSi matebis gamo, amasTan<br />
17 maTgans aReniSneboda ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqceva.<br />
devidma da Tanaavtorebis 193 mier Catarebuli bolo<br />
kvlevis mixedviT, romelSic monawileobda 102 pacienti<br />
160 namkurnalebi anevrizmiT da dakvirvebis saSulo dro<br />
Sedagenda 4.4 weliwads, anevrizmis sruli gamoTiSvis six-<br />
Sire sakontrolo angiografiaze Seadgenda 91,8%-s. srulad<br />
klipirebuli anevrizmebis ESemTxvevaSi, anvrizmis<br />
recidivis sixSire rehemoragiis gareSe Seadgenda 0.5%-s<br />
arasrulad klipirebuli anevrizmebis ESemTxvevaSi, tipiuri<br />
`ZaRlis-yurebis~ suraTiT, hemoragiis wliuri six-<br />
Sirem Seadgina 1.9%. es maCvenebeli msgavsia hemoragiebis<br />
- 54 -
saerTo sixSirisa endovaskuluri gamoTiSvis Semdeg, rac<br />
moxsenebuli iyo zeviT. farTe yelis mqone arasrulad<br />
klipirebuli anevrizmebis SemTxvevaSi recidivis wliuri<br />
sixSire Seadgenda 19%-s da ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqcevis ki<br />
3.8%-s. yvela arasrulad klipirebuli anevrizmebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
recidivis wliuri sixSire Seadgenda 2,9%-s da<br />
ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqcevis ki 1,5%-s. yvela klipirebuli<br />
anevrizmebis SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad anevrizmis rekanalizaciisa,<br />
ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqcevis yovelwlirma riskma<br />
Seadgina 0,26% 93 . ISAT-is mixedviT, 185,258 rehemoragiis wliurma<br />
riskma anevrizmis qirurgiuli gamoTiSvis (klipirebis)<br />
Semdeg Seadgina 0,9%, xolo endovaskuluri mkurnalobis<br />
Semdeg 2,9%. dResdReobiT xelmisawvdomi monacemebi<br />
miuTiTeben, rom arasruli gamoTiSvis da recidivis<br />
sixSire qirurgiuli gamoTiSvis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad<br />
naklebia endovaskulur mkurnalobasTan SedarebiT. calkeuli<br />
klinikuri SemTxvevebis aRwerisas moxsenebuli iyo rehemoragiis<br />
sixSiris Semcirebis Sesaxeb intrakraniuli<br />
anevrizmis garegani SefuTvis Semdeg. 327-329 ukanasknelma xangrZlivma<br />
dakvirvebiTma kvlevam 330 aCvena, rom rehemoragiis<br />
sixSire pirvel 6 TveSi iyo 11,7% (sarwmunoebis zeda<br />
zRvari 19.8%) da xolo 6 Tvidan 10 Tvemde - 17,8% (sarwmunoebis<br />
zeda zRvari 28.9%). sinjis zomaze dayrdnobiT,<br />
es maCvenebeli mniSvnelovnad ar gansxvavdeboda rehemoragiis<br />
sixSirisgan konservatulad nakurnalebi anevrizmis<br />
SemTxvevaSi. sxva mcire kvlevis mixedviT, romelSic dakvirveba<br />
saSualod 11,2 wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda, rehemoragiis<br />
saerTo riskma Seadgina 33% 331.<br />
- 55 -
xelmisawvdomi monacemebis mixedviT, safiqrebelia, rom<br />
intrakraniuli anevrizmebis SefuTva ar ganapirobebs rehemoragiis<br />
Tavidan acilebas, es kvlevebi arasakmarisia imis<br />
mtkicebisaTvis, rom konservatul mkurnalobasTan SedarebiT<br />
SefuTva mniSvnelovnad amcirebs rehemoragiis risks.<br />
retrospeqtuli da prospeqtuli kvlevebis mixedviT, rac<br />
ufro gvian iwyeba mkurnaloba miT metia preoperaciuli<br />
rehemoragiis sixSire 332-334 da ukanaskneli monacemebis mixedviT,<br />
ufor metia cudi gamosavlis maCvenebeli. 116<br />
saerTaSoriso kooperaciulma kvlevam, romelic ikvlevda<br />
anevrizmis gamo warmoebuli qirurgiuli Carevis<br />
vadebs, gaanaliza 3521 pacientis SemTxveva. maTgan 83%-s<br />
qirurgiuli Careva Cautarda gamskdari anevrizmis gamo-<br />
TiSvis mizniT. subaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqcevis ganviTarebidan<br />
qirurgiul Carevamde gasuli dro mniSvnelovnad<br />
ganapirobebda rehemoragiebis sixSires: 3 dRemde – 5,7%;<br />
4-6 dRe – 9,4%; 7-10 dRe – 12,7%; 11-14 dRe – 13,9%; da<br />
15-32 dRe – 21,5%. operaciis Semdeg rehemoragiis maCvenebelma<br />
saSualod Seadgina 1,6%, amasTan igi ar iyo kavSirSi<br />
qirurgiuli Carevis vadebTan. qiurgiuli Carevis vadebma<br />
ver moaxdina mniSvnelovani zegavlena daavadebis saerTo<br />
gamosavalze. nimodipinis randomizirebuli kvlevis mixedviT<br />
(336) , pacientebSi, romlebsac qirurgiuli Careva CautardaT<br />
adre da mogvianebiT, nanaxi iyo preoperaciuli hemoragiebis<br />
mniSvnelovani sxvaoba: 3% da 11% Sesabamisad. bolo<br />
wlebSi aRiniSna tendencia adreuli qirurgiuli operaciis<br />
warmoebaze Hunt-Hess I-III pacientebSi. adreuli Careva<br />
aseve uzrunvelyofda arteriuli spazmis sawinaaRmdego<br />
agresiuli Terapiis Catarebas (ix. qveviT). endovaskuluri<br />
- 56 -
Careva Teoriulad SesaZlebelia warmoebuli iyos diagnostikuri<br />
angiografiis dasrulebisTanave, rac riskis gazrdis<br />
gareSe Seamcirebs qirurgiuli Carevis vadas. arsebobs<br />
monacemebi. romlebic adastureben, rom subaraqnoiduli<br />
sisxlCaqcevis Semdeg endovaskuluri meTodiT mkurnalobis<br />
Catareba ufro swrafad aris SesaZlebeli. ase magaliTad:<br />
ISAT kvlevaSi endovaskuluri mkurnalobisTvis saWiro<br />
drois intervalma Seadgina 1,1 dRe, xolo qirurgiuli<br />
CarevisTvis – 1,8 dRe. amave kvlevaSi preoperaciulma rehemoragiis<br />
maCvenebelma endovaskulur da qirurgiul jgufeb-<br />
Si Sesabamisad Seadgina: 2,5 da 5,5% (P
aniuli-intrakraniuli arteriuli anastomozi (340) . aferentuli<br />
arteriis daxurva SesaZlebelia rogorc klipsis<br />
aseve endoovaskuluri teqnikis gamoyenebiT balon testis<br />
Catarebis Semdeg. es procedura tardeba heparinizaciis<br />
fonze, rac TavisaTavad riskis Semcvelia arsebuli sah-is<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT. aRniSnuli procedura tardeba mxolod<br />
im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac SeuZlebelia anevrizmis qirurgiuli<br />
an endovaskuluri meTodiT gamoTiSva da amasTan<br />
anevrizmis mkurnalobis gareSe datoveba maRali riskis<br />
Semcvelia (341,342) .<br />
1970 wlamde gamskdari anevrizmis mkurnalobis mizniT<br />
xSirad warmoebda saZile arteriis ligireba. didma retrospeqtulma<br />
kvlevam (343) gamoavlina am meTodis bevri uaryofiTi<br />
mxare da aseve rehemoragiebis maRali maCvenebeli<br />
7,8%. anevrizmebis mkurnalobis randomizirebuli kvlevis<br />
mixedviT (344) , saZile arteriis ligirebis Sedegebi regulirebad<br />
woliT reJimTan SedarebiT, (1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi<br />
leTalobis da rehemoragiis gaTvaliswinebiT), mniSvnelovnad<br />
ar gansxvavdeboda intent-to treat analizisas. miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom mxolod pacientTa 67% iyo randomizirebuli,<br />
romelTac CautardaT ligireba da aRniSnuli analizi.<br />
saZile arteriis ligirebis Semdeg, 1 Tvis manZilze mkurnaloba<br />
damTavrebul pacientTa qvejgugSi, aRiniSna mniSvnelovnad<br />
mcire leTalobis da rehemoragiis maCvenebeli,<br />
xolo gadarCenil pacientebSi 6 Tvis gamavlobaSi ar dafiqsirebula<br />
rehemoragiis arcerTi SemTxveva. Soreuli Sedegebi<br />
aseve aCveneben saZile arteriis ligirebis efeqturobas,<br />
3 wlis ganmavlobaSi rehemoragiis da 5 wlis man-<br />
Zilze leTalobis maCveneblebis Semcirebis mxriv. bolo<br />
- 58 -
kvlevis mixedviT (345) , calkeul arakontrolirebad seriebSi<br />
mocemuli Soreuli Sedegebis Sejamebisas, saZile arteriis<br />
ligirebis Semdeg rehemoragiis riski mosalodnelze naklebi<br />
aRmoCnda vidre aranamkurnalebi anevrizmis mqone pacientebSi.<br />
dasasruls SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saZile arteriis<br />
ligirebis Semdeg rehemoragiis maCvenebeli dabalia vidre<br />
konservatul Terapiisas; miuxedavad amisa saZile arteriis<br />
uaryofiTi Sedegebi (rehemoragia da garTulebebi)<br />
aRemateba anevrizmis qirurgiuli mkurnalobis uaryofiT<br />
Sedegebs.<br />
gamskdari anevrizmebis dros qirurgiuli Tu endovaskuluri<br />
mkurnalobis gamosavals ZiriTadad gansazRvravs<br />
pacientis preoperaciuli nevrologiuri statusi, romelic<br />
TavisTavad kavSirSia sisxlCaqcevis intensivobasTan (8,112) .<br />
qirurgiuli CareviT gamowveuli garTulebebis klinikuri<br />
Sefaseba SesaZlebelia gaumskdari anevrizmebis dros Catarebuli<br />
operaciebisas. am pacientebSi hospitaluri leTalobis<br />
maCvenebeli didi multicentruli kvlevebis mixedviT<br />
meryeobs 1,8%-dan 3,0%-mde: ase magaliTad intrakraniuli<br />
gaumskdari anevrizmebis saerTaSoriso kvlevaSi (ISUA II) (257)<br />
garTulebebis riskma Seadgina 0,2%-1,8%; Raaymakers da<br />
sxv. (73) metaanalizur kvlevaSi - 2,6%; niu-iorkis Statis<br />
hospitlebidan 2200 gawerili pacientebis kvlevaSi -<br />
2,5% (118) ; da kaliforniis Statis klinikebidan gawerili<br />
pacientebis kvlevaSi - 3,0% (253) . cudma gamosavalma Sesabamisad<br />
Seadgina 8,9% (ISUA II) (257) ; 10,9% Raaymakers da sxv.<br />
kvlevaSi (73) ; 21,3% niu-iorkis Statis kvlevaSi (118) da<br />
22,4%kaliforniis Statis kvlevaSi (253).<br />
- 59 -
dReisaTvis erTaderTi didi, prospeqtuli, randomizirebuli<br />
kvleva, sadac Sedarebulia qirurgiuli da endovaskuluri<br />
kvlevis Sedegebi aris subaraqnoiduli anevrizmebis<br />
saerTaSoriso kvleva (ISAT) (185,258) . kvleva Catarda subaaraqnoiduli<br />
sisxlCaqcevis mqone 9559 pacientze, saidanac<br />
SeirCa 2143 pacienti da randomizireba moxda endovaskuluri<br />
da qirurgiuli meTodebiT mkurnalobis mixedviT.<br />
SeirCa iseTi anevrizmebi, romlebis mkurnalobac preoperaciuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT SesaZlebeli iyo<br />
rogorc endovaskulurad aseve qirurgiulad. 1 wlis Tavze<br />
leTalobis maCveneblebi statistikurad ar gansxvavdeboda<br />
erTmaneTisagan: 8,1% - endovaskulur jgufSi da 10,1% -<br />
qirurgiulSi. gamoxatuli unarSezRudulobis maCvenebelma<br />
Sesabamisad Seadgina 21,6% - qirurgiul jgufSi da<br />
15,6% - endovaskulurSi. sikvdilianobis da gamoxatuli<br />
unarSezRudulobis maCveneblebis Sejamebisas miRebulia<br />
statistikurad mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba qirurgiuli da<br />
endovaskuluri meTodebiT mkurnalobisas: 30,9% da 23,2%,<br />
absolituri riskis sxvaoba 7,4% - P=0,0001. es Sedegebi<br />
metyvelebs, rom kvlevis mixedviT SerCeul randomizirebul<br />
pacientebSi, romlebsac mkurnaloba aRmouCina msgavsi<br />
gamocdilebis mqone cerebrovaskulurma da endovaskulurma<br />
qirurgebma, 1 wlis Tavze endovaskuluri meTodiT pacientebis<br />
mkurnalobis gamosavali aRmoCnda ukeTesi vidre<br />
qirurgiul meTodiT mkurnalobisas. kvlevaSi samwuxarod<br />
ZiriTadad moxvden axalgazrda da Hunt-Hess I-III mdgomareobaSi<br />
myofi pacientebi, romlebsac gaaCndaT viliziis wina<br />
wris anevrizmebi. kvlevis avtorebi azriT aucilebelia<br />
kidev dakvirveba, raTa zustad Sefasdes endovaskuluri<br />
- 60 -
meTodiT mkurnalobis sargebelis xangrZlivoba. kvlevis<br />
SedarebiT xanmokle dakvirvebis periodSi rehemoragiis<br />
maCvenebeli endovaskulurad namkurnaleb pacientebSi iyo<br />
2,9%, xolo qirurgiulad namkurnaleb pacientebSi – 0,9%.<br />
139 endovaskulurad namkurnaleb 139 pacients am period-<br />
Si Cautarda ganmeorebiTi operacia, xolo qirurgiulad<br />
namkurnaleb pacientebSi ganmeorebiTi operacia ganxorcielda<br />
31 SemTxvevaSi. aseTi Sedegi iyo miRebuli, miuxedavad imisa<br />
rom qirurgiulad namkurnaleb pacientebs ar CatarebiaT<br />
intraoperaciuli angiografia, romlis gamoyenebis six-<br />
Sire aSS – s specializirebul cerebro-vaskulur klinikebSi<br />
progresulad matulobs.<br />
mocemuli kvlevis analizi da rekomendaciebi exeba<br />
mxolod gamskdari anevrizmebis mqone pacientebs. dReisaTvis<br />
ar arsebobs randomizirebuli kvleva sadac Sedarebuli<br />
iqneboda endovaskuluri da qirurgiuli meTodiT<br />
gaumskdari anevrizmebis mkurnalobis Sedegebi. mniSvnelovania<br />
imis gaTvaliswineba, rom avtorTa jgufis rekomendaciebi<br />
ar vrceldeba gaumskdari anevrizmis mqone<br />
pacientebze.<br />
- 61 -
gamskdari anevrizmebis qirurgiuli /<br />
endovaskuluri mkurnaloba:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi:<br />
1. anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis SemTxvevaSi<br />
rehemoragiis Tavidan acilebis mizniT naCvenebia<br />
anevrizmis klipireba an endovaskuluri gamoTiSva<br />
mikrospiralebiT. (klasi I, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
2. marliT SefuTuli da dafaruli anevrizmebis,<br />
nawilobriv klipirebuli an mikrospiralebiT nawilobriv<br />
gamoTiSuli anevrizmebis ganmeorebiTi gaskdomis<br />
riski ufro maRalia vidre anevrizmis sruli daxurvis<br />
dros, ris gamoc aseT pacientebs esaWiroebaT ganmeorebiTi<br />
sakontrolo angiografiis Catareba. Sesabamisad<br />
gamskdari anevrizmis SemTxvevaSi mkurnalobis mizani<br />
unda iyos misi sruli gamoTiSva, Tu es SesaZlebelia.<br />
(klasi I, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
3. gamskdari anevrizmis mqone pacientebSi qirurgiuli<br />
mkurnalobis meTodis gansazRvraSi monawileoben<br />
gamocdili cerebrovaskuluri da endovaskuluri<br />
qirurgebi. Tu anevrizmis gamoTiSva SesaZlebelia<br />
rogorc klipirebis aseve endovaskuluri meTodis<br />
gziT, upiratesoba eniWeba ukanasknels. (klasi I,<br />
mtkicebulebis done B). amis miuxedavad mkurnalobis<br />
ukeTesi meTodis gansazRvrisas mizanSowinilia yvela<br />
SemTxvevva ganxiluli iyos individualurad pacientis<br />
da anevrizmis maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
zemoTaRniSnulidan gamomdinare aseTi pacientebis<br />
mkurnaloba unda tardebodes im klinikebSi, sadac<br />
- 62 -
arsebobs orive meTodiT mkurnalobis gamocdileba.<br />
(klasi IIa, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
4. wina kvlevebis mixedviT subaraqnoiduli sisxl-<br />
Caqcevis dros anevrizmis adreuli da gviani mkurnalobis<br />
saboloo gamosavali ar gansxvavdeba<br />
erTmaneTisgan. miuxedavad amisa, anevrizmis adreuli<br />
gamoTiSva aris yvelaze efeqturi meTodi rehemoragiis<br />
riskis Sesamcireblad, Sesabamisad umetes SemTxvevebSi<br />
mizanSewonilia anevrizmis adreuli gamoTiSva. (klasi<br />
s IIa, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
- 63 -
X. saavadmyofos maxasiaTeblebi<br />
da mkurnalobis meTodebi<br />
kvlevebma, romlebic Seiswavlidnen subaraqnoiduli<br />
sisxlCaqcevis gamosavals 102,117,118,253 , aCvenes kavSiri gamosavalsa<br />
da calkeul saavadmyofoSi namkurnaleb pacientTa<br />
raodenobas Soris. krosma da Tanaavtorebma 102 (Cross et al )<br />
ganixiles 16399 pacienti, romelTac mkurnaloba Cautarda<br />
aSS-s 1546 saavadmyofoSi, da aRmoaCines, rom saavadmyofoTa<br />
82%-Si wlis ganmavlobaSi xvdeboda sah-is mqone
ianobis saavadmyofoebSi gadayvanil pacientTa didi raodenobiT.<br />
saavadmyofoebSi, sadac ufro xSirad iyenebdnen anevrizmis<br />
spiralebiT embolizacias, aRiniSna hospitaluri sikvdilianobis<br />
9%-iT Semcireba yovel 10% endovaskuluri meTodiT<br />
namkurnaleb pacientebSi. amasTan, im saavadmyooebSi,<br />
sadac vazospazmis gamo tardeboda angioplastika, aRiniSneboda<br />
Sidahospitaluri sikvdilianobis riskis 16%-iT<br />
Semcireba. zemoxsenebuli analizis Sedegad ver gaeca pasuxi<br />
kiTxvas, Tu ris gamo gaumjobesda avadmyofobis gamosavali<br />
maRali gamtarianobis saavadmyofoebSi – endovaskuluri<br />
meTodis farTo gamoyenebis Tu mkurnalobaSi multidisciplinaruli<br />
gundis monawileobis gamo. bardaCma 153<br />
da Tanaavtorebma ganixiles subaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqcevis<br />
mqone 12894 avadmyofis istoria, romlebic itarebdnen<br />
mkurnalobas kaliforniis 390 saavadmyofoSi, da aRmoa-<br />
Cines, rom sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli ufro meti iyo dabali<br />
gamtarianobis saavadmyofoebSi maRali gamtarianobis<br />
saavadmyofoebTan SedarebiT (49% vs 32%; P < 0.001). am avtorebma<br />
aseve SeniSnes, rom maRali gamtarianobis saavadmyofoebSi<br />
ufro farTod gamoiyeneboda mkurnalobis endovaskuluri<br />
meTodi, Tumca, es ukanaskneli ar warmoadgenda<br />
kargi gamosavlis ganmsazRvrel damoukidebel faqtors. yvela<br />
subaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqcevis mqone avadmyofTagan mxolod<br />
29%-s Cautarda mkurnaloba anevrizmis gamoTiSvis mizniT 253 .<br />
1195-2000 wlebSi subaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqcevis mqone<br />
13399 pacientma gaiara mkurnaloba niu-iorkis Statis<br />
257 saavadmyofoSi. aqedan bermanma 118 da Tanaavtorebma (Berman<br />
et al) TavianT analizSi yuradReba SeaCeres 5963 avadmyofze<br />
(2200 gaumskdari, 3763 gamskdari), romelTac CautardaT<br />
- 65 -
intrakraniuli anevrizmis qirurgiuli da endovaskuluri<br />
meTodebiT mkurnaloba. Sidahopsitaluri sikvdilianobis<br />
maCvenebelma gamskdari anevrizmebis SemTxvevaSi Seadgina<br />
14%. saavadmyofoebi, romlebSic anevrizmebis gamo Catarebuli<br />
procedurebis wliuri raodenoba Seadgneda 35-s, gamoirCeodnen<br />
sikvdilioanobis ufro dabali maCvenebliT<br />
dabali gamtarianobis saavadmyofoebTan SedarebiT. es gansxvaveba<br />
naklebi iyo gamskdari anevrizmebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
(Sansebis Sefaredeba, 0.94; P = 0.03) gaumskdar anevrizmebTan<br />
SedarebiT (Sansebis Sefardeba, 0.89; P < 0.0001). endovaskuluri<br />
meTodis farTo gamoyenebam ar moaxdina gavlena gamskdari<br />
anevrizmebis mqone avadmyofebze, magram sasargeblo<br />
aRmoCnda gaumskdari anevrizmebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
zemoT moyvanili kvlevebis mixedviT, gamtarianobis<br />
maCvenebeli warmoadgens intrakraniuli anvrizmebis gamosavlis<br />
mniSvelovan gansazRvrel faqtors. am faqtors<br />
SesaZlebelia meti mniSvneloba hqondes gaumskdari anevrizmebis<br />
SemTxvevevebSi gamskdarTan SedarebiT. miuxedavad faqtisa,<br />
rom kargi gamosavlis 16%-iT mateba aRiniSneba im<br />
klinikebSi, sadac sah-iT gamowveul vazospazms mkurnaloben<br />
endovaskuluri meTodiT, gamskdari anevrizmebis SemTxveva-<br />
Si daavadebis saerTo gamosavalze mniSvnelovan gavlenas<br />
mainc sisxlCaqcevis intensivoba axdens da ara endovaskuluri<br />
meTodiT namkurnalebi pacientebis ricxvi. 8,112 iqmneba<br />
STabeWdileba, rom sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo proceduruli<br />
moculoba metad mniSvnelovania qirurgiuli klipirebis<br />
dros vidre endovaskuluri mkurnalobisas. am aSkara<br />
Seusabamobis mniSvnelovani mizezs warmoadgens is garemoeba,<br />
rom endovaskuluri meTodiT mkurnalobis Sedegebi Zir-<br />
- 66 -
iTadad efuZneba maRali gamtarianobis saavadmyofoebis<br />
monacemebs, gansxvavevebiT qirurgiuli meTodiT mkurnalobis<br />
Sedegebisa, romelic efuZneba, rogorc maRali, aseve<br />
dabali gamtarianobis saavadmyofoebis monacemebs. 118<br />
zemoT moyvanili Sedegebis mixedviT mizanSewonilia<br />
sah-is mqone pcientebs mkurnaloba utardebodeT regionalur<br />
centrebSi. Tumca gaurkvevlia ramdenad gadawonis<br />
sah-is mkurnalobis sargeblianoba maRali gamtarianobis<br />
samedicino centrSi sxva saavadmyofoebidan am centrebSi<br />
pacientebis gadayvanasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs da riskebs.<br />
102 bardaCma da Tanaavtorebma 348 gaanalizes xarjT-efeqturoba<br />
da gamoTvales, rom sah-is mqone pacientis gadayvana<br />
dabali gamtarianobis saavadmyofodan maRali gamtarianobis<br />
samedicino dawesebulebaSi 1.60-iT gazrdis sicocxlis<br />
xarisxis maCvenebels, xolo gaumjobebsebuli sicocxlis<br />
xarisxis yovel wlis gamo daizogeba 10 548 $,<br />
miuxedavad amisa, erTi saavadmyofodan meoreSi gadayvanam<br />
SesaZlebelia uaryofiTi zegavlena moaxdinos sxva<br />
nevrologiuri daavadebebis gamosavalze. sah-is mqone avadmyofebi<br />
aseve mgrZnobiareni arian gadayvanasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
garTulebebis mimarT drois faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
radganac adreuli ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqceva kavSirSia<br />
daavadebis gamosavalTan, xolo arteriuli wnevis cvalebadoba<br />
zrdis gamskdaris anevrizmis ganmeorebiT gaskdomis<br />
risks. damatebiT, zogierTi sah-is SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mwvaved<br />
viTardeba hidrocefalia, SesaZlebelia mizanSewonili iyos<br />
adreuli ventrikuluri drenirebis Catareba imave saavamyofoSi,<br />
romelSic pacienti Tavidanve moxvda. 116 sah-is dabali<br />
gamtarianobis samedicino dawesebulebebSic SesaZlebe-<br />
- 67 -
lia kargi Sedegebis miRweva. 350 maRali gamtarianobis samedicino<br />
centrebs aseve gaaCniaT saWiro resursebi da samedicino<br />
personali, rom umkurnalon mZime pacintebs. 351<br />
miuxedavad yvelafrisa, saWiroa Semdgomi kvlevebis<br />
Catareba, romlebic ganaxorcieleben ufro detalur prospeqtul<br />
kohortul analizs da gamoyofen gansxvavebebs gamosavalSi<br />
MmaRali da dabali gamtarianobis saavadmyofoebs<br />
Soris da Seafaseben erTi saavadmyofodan meoreSi pacientis<br />
gadayvanasTan dakavSirebul riskebs. 348 erTi saavadmyofodan<br />
meoreSi saavadmyofoSi gadayvanis gavlena unarSezudolobis<br />
maCvenebelTan ganpirobebulia ganmeorebiTi<br />
sisxlCaqcevis ganviTarebis riskTn. amasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />
hilmanma (Hillman) da misma kolegebma 140 Seiswavles traneqsamis<br />
mJavis (xanmokle moqmedebis antifibrinolizuri saSualebis)<br />
gavlena gadayvanis dros ganviTarebuli adreuli<br />
ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqcevis sixSiris Semcirebaze. maT<br />
moaxdines 505 pacientis randomizireba da aCvenes, rom<br />
adreuli ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqcevis sixSire mcirdeba 10.8%dan<br />
2.4%-mde, xolo 80%-iT mcirdeba sikvdilianoba. amasTan<br />
glazgos gamosavlis Skalis mixedviT keTilsaimedo gamosavali<br />
gaizarda 70.15%-dan 74.8%-mde. Tuki es monacemebi<br />
dadasturdeba, aRniSnuli strategiiT mkurnaloba met sicocxles<br />
gadaarCnes vidre vazospazmis mkurnaloba.<br />
dResdReobiT arsebuli mtkicebulebebi gvafiqrebinebs,<br />
rom endovaskuluri meTodiT mkurnaloba qirurgiul<br />
klipirebasTan SedarebiT dakavSirebulia garTulebebis<br />
nakleb sixSiresTan da ganmeorebiTi sisxlCaqcevis met<br />
riskTan. amasTan, saavadmyofoebSi, romlebSic vazospazmis<br />
mkurnalobis mizniT mimarTaven angioplastikas 117 , SeimCneva<br />
- 68 -
Sidahospitalur sikvdilianobis riskis 16%-iT Semcireba.<br />
amitom, yovel konretul SemTxvevaSi anevrizmis mkurnalobis<br />
optimaluri meTodis SerCeva saWiroebs gamocdili<br />
cerebrovaskuluri da endovaskuluri qirurgebis xelmisawvdomobas.<br />
saavadmyofos maxasiaTeblebi da<br />
mkurnalobis meTodebi:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. anevrizmuli sah-is mqone pacientebs mizanSewonilia<br />
mkurnaloba Cautardes maRali gamtarianobis samedicino<br />
centrSi, sadac muSaoben gamocdili cerebrovaskuluri<br />
da endovaskuluri qirurgebi (klasi IIa, mtkicebulebis<br />
done B).<br />
- 69 -
XI. anesTeziis marTva qirurgiuli<br />
da endovaskuluri mkurnalobis dros<br />
am TavSi ar aris ganxiluli bevri is sakiTxi, romelic<br />
dakavSirebulia intraoperaciulad anesTeziis marTvas-<br />
Tan. yuradReba gamaxvilebulia operaciis msvlelobisas<br />
hemodinamikis marTvaze (arteriuli wnevis kontrolze),<br />
anevrizmis gaskdomis riskis Semcirebis mizniT, da aseve<br />
Tavis tvinis iSemiuri dazianebisagan dacvis strategiaze.<br />
intraoperaciulad anevrizmis gaskdomis Tavidan acilebis<br />
mizniT gamoiyeneba inducirebuli hipotenzia. Mmiuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom sistemurad ar aris Seswavlili inducirebuli<br />
hipotenziis efeqturoba, arsebobs monacemebi, romlebic<br />
miuTiTeben mis uaryofiTi zegavlenaze Tavis tvinis sisxlis<br />
nakadze da Sesabamisad gamosavalze. inducirebuli<br />
hipotenziis dros Tavis tvinis sisxlis nakadi klebulobs<br />
im pacientebSi, romlebsac darRveuli aqvT autoregulacia<br />
(352) . Aadreul retrospeqtul kvlevaSi (112 pacienti),<br />
adreuli da dagvianebuli nevrologiuri deficitis<br />
ganviTarebis maRali riski dakavSirebuli iyo xangrZlivi<br />
periodis ganmavlobaSi dabal arteriul wnevasTan (
Adidi da rTuli anevrizmebis SemTxvevaSi intraoperaciulad<br />
maTi gaskdomisagan Tavis acilebis mizniT xSirad<br />
ixmareba sisxZarRvebis droebiTi klipireba. retrospeqtul<br />
kvlevaSi, sadac ganxilulia 185 operaciis Sedegi unificirebuli<br />
anesTeziis pirobebSi, operaciebis gamosavali droebiTi<br />
klipirebis da mis gareSe ar gansxvavdeboda erTmane-<br />
Tisagan. inducirebuli arteriuli hipertenzia gamoiyeneba<br />
vazospazmis da karotiduli endartereqtomiebis dros<br />
Tavis tvinis sisxlis nakadis gazrdis mizniT, Tumca misi<br />
efeqturoba anevrizmebze operaciisas sisxZarRvebis droebiTi<br />
klipirebis fonze kargad Seswavlili ar aris. bazilaruli<br />
arteriis giganturi anevrizmebis mqone zogierT<br />
pacientebSi gamoiyeneba Tavis tvinSi sisxlis nakadis<br />
gaCereba Rrma hipoTermiis da kardio-pulmonaluri eqstrakorporaluri<br />
sisxlis nakadis mimoqcevis fonze. Mmsgavsi<br />
operaciebis gamocdileba da saWiro teqnologiebi mxolod<br />
ramodenime klinikas gaaCnia. (362,363) .<br />
sistemuri hipoTermia SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos<br />
sxvadasxva klinikuri situaciebis dros Tavis tvinis iSemiuri<br />
dazianebisagan dacvis mizniT. Aaxlaxans Catarda multicentruli,<br />
randomizirebuli, kontrolirebadi kvleva,<br />
romelic Seexeboda gamskdari anevrizmebis qirurgiuli<br />
mkurnalobis dros intraoperaciuli hipoTermiis gamoyenebas.<br />
Hunt-Hess kargi xarisxis mqone pacientebSi am kvlevam<br />
ver gamoavlina hipoTermiis statistikurad sarwmuno<br />
zegavlena intensiur TerapiaSi pacientebis yofnis xangr-<br />
Zlivobaze, hospitalSi pacientis yofnis xangrZlivobaze,<br />
sikvdilianobis maCvenebelze da nevrolgiuri statusis<br />
gamosavalze. miuxedavad imisa, rom hipoTermiis jgufSi<br />
- 71 -
maRalia baqteriemiis maCvenebeli, bevr SemTxvevaSi hipo-<br />
Termia usafrTxo meTodia, da misi sargebelis gansazRvra<br />
kvlevaSi moyvanili sakiTxebis mimarT rCeba Riad (364).<br />
anesTeziis marTva:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. anevrizmaze operacis dros intraoperaciuli hipotenziis<br />
xangrZlivoba minimizirebuli unda iyos (klasi<br />
IIa, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
2. sisxlZarRvTa droebiTi okluziis dros farmakologiuri<br />
strategiis da inducirebuli hipertenziis<br />
gamoyeneba arasakmarisi masalis arsebobis gamo ar<br />
atarebs specifikuri rekomendaciis saxes, Tumca<br />
garkveuli SemTxvevebSi maTi gamoyeneba mizanSewonilia<br />
(klasi IIb, mtkicebulebis done C).<br />
3. inducirebuli hipoTermia anevrizmaze operaciis dros<br />
SesaZloa mizanSewonili iyos rig SemTxvevebSi, Tumca<br />
misi rutinulad gamoyeneba ar aris rekomendebuli<br />
(klasi III, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
- 72 -
XII. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis<br />
Semdgomi arteriuli spazmis marTva<br />
cerebruli vazospazmi es aris sah-is Semdeg qalafuZeze<br />
arsebuli Tavis tvinis didi kalibris sisxlZarRvebis<br />
mogvianebiTi (gadavadebuli) Seviwroeba, rac xSirad asocirebulia<br />
radiografiul an Tavis tvinis sixlis nakadis<br />
(Cerebral Bood Flow) Semcirebul perfuziis maxasiaTeblebTan<br />
dazianebuli arteriis distalur nawilSi. Aanevrizmuli<br />
sah Semdeg angiografiulad vazospazmi vlindeba SemTxvevaTa<br />
30%- 70%. vazospazmi tipiurad iwyeba hemoragiidan<br />
3-5 dRis Semdeg, maqsimaluri Seviwroeba aRiniSneba 5-14<br />
dRes, xolo TandaTanobiTi aRdgena xdeba 2-4 kviris man-<br />
Zilze. (365,366) SemTxvevaTa naxevarSi vazospazmi vlindeba<br />
mogvianebiTi nevrologiuri iSemiuri deficitiT, rac Tanabari<br />
albaTobiT SesaZloa aRdges/an gaRrmavdes tvinis infarqtis<br />
ganviTarebamde. (9,192,365) Tanamedrove monacemebis mixedviT,<br />
aseTi pacientebis 15-20%-s aReniSnebaT gamoxatuli<br />
tvinis infarqtis niSnebi an iRupebian vazospazmiT, miuxedavad<br />
Catarebuli maqsimaluri Terapiisa. (367,368) sxvagvarad<br />
rom vTqvaT, sah-is Semdeg gadarCenil da namkurnaleb pacientebSi<br />
sikvdilis mizezi SemTxvevebis 50%-Si aris vazospazmi,<br />
sikvdilis darCenil 50%-s ki, ZiriTadad rehemoragia<br />
da operaciuli garTulebebi ganapirobeben (241) .<br />
xSirad axali kerovani deficitis ganviTareba, romelic<br />
ver aixsneba hidrocefaliiT an rehemoragiiT, aris simptomuri<br />
vazospazmis pirveli obieqturi niSani. ASesaZlebelia<br />
auxsneli momateba saSualo arteriuli wnevisa, miu-<br />
TiTebdes cerebraluri arteriebis autoregulaciis mcdelobaze<br />
gaaumjobesos tvinis cirkulacia iSemiis Tavidan<br />
- 73 -
acilebis mizniT. `simptomuri~vazospazmi, romelic iwvevs<br />
Tavis tvinis gadavadebul dazianebas, SesaZloa gamovlindes<br />
aSkara simptomebis gareSec komaSi myof pacientebSi. (369)<br />
Sesabamisad spazmis ganviTarebis mimarT `mzaobis~ xarisxi<br />
ufro maRali unda iyos mZime mdgomareobaSi myof pacientebSi,<br />
miuxedavad maTi nevrologiuri statusis umniSvnelo<br />
cvlilebebisa.<br />
intensiuri Terapiis departamentSi vazospazmis damatebiTi<br />
monitoringis mizniT transkranialuri doplerografiis<br />
warmoeba jer kidev sakamaToa. arsebuli literaturis<br />
mixedviT misi mgrZnobelobis da specifiurobis<br />
Sesaxeb daskvnis gamotana SeuZlebelia. transkranialuri<br />
dopleriT monitoringi aris gamokvleva, romelic operatorzea<br />
damokidebuli da moiTxovs klinikuri zRvruli<br />
maCveneblebis dawesebas da xarisxis srulyofil kontrols<br />
yvela hospitalSi. (370_372) transkranialuri doplerografiis<br />
absoluturma maCveneblebma SeiZleba SecdomaSi Segviyvanon,<br />
rodesac pacients utardeba `sammagi h~ meTodiT (hipertenzia/<br />
hipervolemia/hemodilucia) mkurnaloba, Tumca lindegardis<br />
koeficientis gansazRvra (arCeul tvinis sisxlZarRv-<br />
Si sixlis xazovani siCqaris Sefardeba ifsilateralur<br />
eqstrakraniul SigniTa saZile arteriaSi sisxlis xazovan<br />
siCqaresTan) sasargeblo aRmoCnda (373_377) . supraklinoidur<br />
SigniTa saZile arteriaSi, tvinis wina da Sua arteriebSi,<br />
vertebrobazilarul sistemaSi koeficintis 5-6 maCvenebeli<br />
miuTiTebs gamoxatul spazmze da saWiroebs Sesabamis<br />
mkurnalobas klinikuri mdgomareobaze dayrdnobiT (378) . am<br />
koeficientis tendencia gvexmareba mkurnalobis warmarTvaSi,<br />
Tumca sxva meTodebiT: difuziuri perfuziuli magnitur<br />
- 74 -
ezonansuli tomografiiT, qsenon-kompiuteruli tomografiiT,<br />
tvinis perfuziis Seswavlas da mkurnalobis marTvas<br />
upiratesoba gaaCnia, amitom transkranialur doplerografias<br />
mkurnalobaSi damatebiTi adgili uWiravs (377,379,380) .<br />
aumjobesebs Tu ara transkranialuri dopleris gamoyeneba<br />
sah gamosavals literaturaSi adeqvaturad ar aris Sejamebuli.<br />
mravali centri kvlav eyrdnoba cerebruli angiografiis<br />
monacemebs vazospazmis diagnostirebisas, gansakuTrebiT<br />
axali intervenciuli radiologiuri mkurnalobis<br />
danergvis Semdeg (ix.qvemoT). Tumca, amerikis<br />
nevrologiuri akademiis eqspertTa komiteti miiCnevs, rom<br />
literaturuli monacemebi uzrunvelyofen A tipis, II klasis<br />
donis mtkicebulebas: mizanSewonilad CaiTvalos transkranialuri<br />
dopleris gamoyeneba imis safuZvelze, rom Tumca<br />
sensitiuroba da specifiuroba variabeluria da damokidebulia<br />
dainteresebul sisxlZarRvze, mZime spazmi sakmaod<br />
maRali albaTobiT SeiZleba iyos gamovlenili (381,382) .<br />
naCvenebia, rom gamskdari anevrizmebis adreuli mkurnaloba<br />
amcirebs saavadmyofoebSi rehemoragiebis sixSires<br />
da iZleva cerebruli vazospazmis ufro adreuli da agresiuli<br />
marTvis SesaZleblobas hemodinamikuri Terapiis da,<br />
Tu naCvenebia, intervenciuli meTodebis saSualebiT (363) .<br />
cerebruli vazospazmis marTvis mizania neironebis iSemiuri<br />
dazianebis Semcireba intrakranialuri wnevis kontrolis,<br />
Jangbadis moxmarebis donis, tvinis sisxlis nakadis<br />
gaumjobesebis gziT. cerebraluri sisxlis nakadis gaumjobesebisaTvis<br />
hipertenziul, hipervolemiur Terapias<br />
ZiriTadi mniSvneloba eniWeba. miuxedavad monacemebisa (383,384) ,<br />
romlebic miuTiTeben nevrologiuri statusis gaumjobese-<br />
- 75 -
aze mkurnalobis am meTodis Sedegad, mxolod erTi randomizirebuli<br />
kvlevaa Catarebuli am meTodis efeqturobis<br />
Sesafaseblad. (385) amis mizezia, rogorc Cans is, rom<br />
hipovolemia, hipotenzia da hemokoncentracia aSkarad mavnebelia<br />
da nawilobriv is faqti, rom es meTodi swrafad<br />
gaxda rutinuli menejmentis nawili TiTqmis maSinve, rogorc<br />
ki maTi popularizacia moxda akademiur literaturaSi. (386_388)<br />
Tumca, sisxlis moculobis eqspansiis Sedegad cerebraluri<br />
sisxlis nakadis rogorc gazrda, aseve Semcireba gamovlinda<br />
sah mqone pacientebSi, rac mkvlevarebs afiqrebinebs Tu<br />
romeli, profilaqtikuri hipervolemia Tu profilaqtikuri<br />
normovolemia aris ufro efeqturi spazmis Tavidan asacileblad.<br />
(383) mravalSriani mkurnalobis, randomizirebuli<br />
kvlevis, romelic iTvaliswinebda sah Semdeg gasuli dReebis<br />
ricxvs da operaciis Semdeg pacientis mdgomareobis<br />
Sefasebas hant hesis SkaliT mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom hipervolemiiT namkurnalevma pacientebma (n=41) miiRes<br />
mniSvnelovnad ufro meti siTxe da qondaT maRali<br />
filtvis arteriis diastoluri da centraluri venuri<br />
wneva normovolemiis mqone pacientebTan SedarebiT (n=41),<br />
am or jgufs Soris ar yofila gansakuTrebuli gansxvaveba<br />
saSualo cerebruli sisxlis nakadis TvalsazrisiT, minimaluri<br />
regionuli cerebruli sisxlnakadis TvalsazrisiT<br />
an mkurnalobis manZilze simptomuri spazmis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
garda amisa, erTnairi aRmoCnda me-14 da 90-e dRis funqciuri<br />
gamosavali (389) . aseve Catarda randomizirebuli prospeqtuli<br />
kvleva (monawileobda 32 pacienti), romlis mizani<br />
iyo gaerkvia volemiis profilaqtikuri eqspansiis da<br />
hiperdinamikuri Terapiis mniSvneloba simptomebis gamov-<br />
- 76 -
lenamde. Teqvsmet pacients Cautarda hipervolemiiT, danarCenebs<br />
ki (pacientTa naxevars) normovolemiiT mkurnaloba.<br />
yvela pacienti imyofeboda mudmivi monitoringis qveS 12<br />
dRis manZilze, utardebodaT dakvirveba erTfotoniani emisiuri<br />
kompiuterul tomografiuli skanirebiT da klinikuri<br />
meTvalyureoba. or jgufs Soris ar gamovlinda raime<br />
gansxvaveba vazospazmis da cerebraluri sisxlis nakadis<br />
mxriv, arc klinikurad, arc doplerografiuli da neirovizualizaciuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT. erT wlianma klinikurma<br />
dakvirvebam, romlis drosac Sefaseba tardeboda glazgos<br />
komis SkaliT, ver gamoavlina raime mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba<br />
jgufebs Soris. aRniSnul kvlevaSi mkurnalobis<br />
Rirebuleba iyo ufro maRali da garTulebebi ufro xSiri<br />
paciantTa jgufSi, romelTac CautardaT hiperdinamiuri<br />
meTodiT mkurnaloba. am ori patara, monocentruli<br />
prospeqtuli randomizirebuli kvlevis Sedegebis Sejerebis<br />
safuZvelze garkveviT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom hipovolemiis<br />
Tavidan acileba rekomendebulia, magram ar aris dadasturebuli<br />
profilaqtikuri hiperdinamikuri Terapiis sargeblianoba.<br />
miuxedevad imisa, rom am mcire kvlevebs ar hqondaT<br />
saSualeba moexdinaT mciredi gaumjobesebebis deteqcia imis<br />
gamo rom maT ar qondaT statistikuri mniSvneloba, CrdiloeT<br />
amerikis mravali centri ganagrZobs profilaqtikur<br />
hipervolemiis gamoyenebas cerebraluri sisxlis nakadis<br />
gaumjobesebis mizniT, xolo mravali kvleva emxroba filtvis<br />
arteriis kaTeterizacias, gulis gadmosrolis da kardialuri<br />
indeqsis maqsimaluri gazrdis mizniT da centraluri<br />
venis kaTeterizacias im pacientebSi, romelTac<br />
- 77 -
ara aqvT gulis daavadeba (386,390_394) . erTerTma kvlevam (378) aCvena<br />
sah Semdeg 3 kviris manZilze cerebraluri sisxlis nakadis<br />
stabiluri maCveneblebi profilaqtikuri hiperdinamikuri<br />
Terapiis da hipertenziis fonze. (395) arsebobs<br />
monacemebi, rom dofaminiT inducirebul hipertenzias Seu-<br />
Zlia gazardos cerebraluri sisxlis nakadi iSemiur, arainfarqtirebul<br />
teritoriaze, cerebraluri sisxlis nakadis<br />
saSualo globaluri maCveneblis gadametebuli zrdis gareSe.<br />
amgvarad, Tumca TiTqmis dadgenilia, rom arteriuli hipertenzia<br />
SesaZloa iyos Zlier-sasargeblo ukve ganviTarebuli<br />
deficitis ukuganviTarebisaTvis, profilaqtikuri<br />
hipertenziis efeqturobas, simptomuri vazospazmis gamovlenis<br />
SemcirebasTan mimarTebaSi, sarwmunoobis dabali<br />
xarisxi gaaCnia (396) . imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom hemodinamikuri<br />
Terapia dakavSirebulia mniSvnelovan riskebTan; gulis<br />
ukmarisobis, eleqtrolituri balansis darRvevis, tvinis<br />
SeSupebis, hemoragiuli diaTezis (Sededebis faqtorebis<br />
ganzavebis gamo) ganviTarebasTan, da gaumskdari anevrizmebis<br />
gaskdomis potenciuri saSiSroebasTan, Cven vaskvniT, rom<br />
profilaqtikuri hemodinamikuri mkurnaloba praqtikaSi<br />
rutinulad danergvamde moiTxovs Semdgom Seswavlas. 397,398<br />
hipervolemiasa da hipertenziasTan SedarebiT hemodilucias<br />
naklebi yuradReba eqceva. bevri pacienti ganicdis<br />
hemodilucias sxvadasxva procedurebis dros sisxlis<br />
kargvis da moculobis eqspansiis gamo, da bevri mkvlevari<br />
idealurad miiCnevs hematokritis maCvenebels 0.28 - 0.32<br />
farglebSi (383) . miuxedavad amisa axal kvlevebSi ismis kiTxva<br />
aris Tu ara hematokritis gamiznuli daqveiTeba mizanSewonili.<br />
erTerT monocentrul SemTxvevaTa seriaSi<br />
- 78 -
naCvenebia, rom Tumca izovolemiuri hemodilucia zrdis<br />
globalur cerebralur sisxlis nakads, igi amas akeTebs<br />
Jangbadis miwodebis unaris mniSvnelovani Semcirebis xarjze,<br />
xolo hipervolemiuri hemodilucia amcirebs orive<br />
parameters/ 399 Tumca, mizanmimarTulad daqveiTebuli hematokriti<br />
SesaZloa iyos mavnebeli, prospeqtuli monocentruli<br />
monacemTa bazebis mixedviT transfuzia SesaZloa<br />
iyos cudi gamosavlis damoukidebeli prediqtori (400). am<br />
daskvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT Cven SegviZlia mxolod vTqvaT,<br />
rom hemodiluciis Sesaxeb informacia Zalian mwiria imisaTvis,<br />
rom rom mxardaWera gavuwioT Terapiul flebotomias<br />
an transfuzias zogadad.<br />
savaldebuloa Tavidan iyos acilebuli sistemuri da<br />
metaboluri darRvevebi, rogoricaa hiperglikemia, acidozi,<br />
eleqtrolituli balansis cvlilebebi, hipoqsia da hiper-<br />
Termia da aseve agresiulad iyos marTuli potenciuri<br />
septiuri epizodebi. es yvelaferi ukiduresad mniSvnelovania<br />
tvinis vazospazmis mkurnalobis da potenciurad<br />
Seuqcevadi iSemiuri dazianebis Tavidan acilebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
401_405 erTerT kvlevaSi, (391) romelSic CarTuli<br />
iyo anevrizmuli sah mqone 43 pacienti, da romlebsac<br />
mkurnalobdnen siTxeebis miwodebis sxvadasxva protokolebis<br />
mixedviT, naCvenebi iyo, rom SesaZloa 5% albumini axdens<br />
Tavis tvinis marilebis dakargviT gamowveuli natriumis<br />
da siTxis kargvis prevencias. imave mkvlevarebma gamoavlines,<br />
rom cxeleba SesaZloa iyos cudi gamosavlis<br />
damoukidebeli riskis faqtori, magram ar arsebobs arcer-<br />
Ti prospeqtuli kvleva romelic dadasturebda am rekomendacias.<br />
406 igives Tqma SeiZleba hiperglikemiaze (407) , mi-<br />
- 79 -
uxedavad I klasis monacemebisa insulinoTerapiis sargeblianobis<br />
Sesaxeb Sereuli intensiuri Terapiis ganyofilebaSi<br />
.(408) erTi gamonaklisi SesaZloa iyos magniumis<br />
done. hipomagniemia xSiria sah Semdeg, da asocirebulia<br />
rogorc vazospazmTan, aseve cud gamosavalTan. (409) ufro<br />
metic, didma placebo kontrolirebulma kvlevam, romel-<br />
Sic tardeboda mudmivi intravenuri infuzia 14 dRis ganmavlobaSi<br />
(64mmol. L —1 · d -1 ) gamoavlina, rom magneziam Sei-<br />
Zleba sul mcire 34%-iT Seamciros gviani iSemiuri dazianebebi.<br />
namkurnaleb pacientebSi cudi gamosavlis six-<br />
Sire 3 Tvis Semdeg Semcirda 23%-iT, xolo kargi gamosavlis<br />
ganviTarebis SedarebiTma riskma Seadgina 3.4% (95%CI,<br />
1.3 - 8.9). 409 es Sedegebi NnaTlad exmianeba me-3 fazis kvlevas.<br />
kalciumis arxis blokatorebi, kerZod ki nimodipini,<br />
dasabuTebulad gamoiyeneba gamoqveynebuli kvlevis safuZvelze,<br />
romlis mixedviTac nimodipini amcirebs unarSezrudulobis<br />
gamovlinebas da aumjobesebs funciur gamosavals.<br />
Tumca unarSezRudulobis Semcireba da funqciuri gamosavlis<br />
gaumjobeseba ufro ganpirobebulia Tavis tvinis<br />
dacviT, vidre sisxlZarRvebze zemoqmedebiT, radgan im pacientebSi<br />
romlebic Rebulobdnen nimodipins ar aRiniSna<br />
angiografiuli vazospazmis kleba. 3,410 sainteresoa, rom nikardipinis,<br />
romelic aseve kalciumis arxebis blokatoria,<br />
intravenuri miRebisas aRiniSna spazmis 30%-iT Semcireba,<br />
Tumca amas gamosavalze zegavlena ar mouxdenia. 411<br />
literaturaSi aseve aRwerilia Trombebis mocileba<br />
da intraTekalurad fibrinilozuri saSualebebis Seyvana.<br />
Tumca is garTulebebi, romelic Tan axlavs am meTods,<br />
- 80 -
abaTilebs mis sargebels unarSezrudulobasTan, funqciur<br />
gamosavalTan da sikvdilianobasTan mimarTebaSi 6 Tvis Semdeg.<br />
412,413 naklebad-Sewonili kvlevebi Seexeboda Tavis ryevis<br />
gavlenas Trombebis gawovasTan mimarTebaSi. bolo kvlevis<br />
mixedviT, romelSic 230 pacientze gamoyenebuli iyo<br />
orive meTodi, aRiniSna mudmivi nevrologiuri deficitis<br />
8,8% dan 2,5%-mde Semcireba da aseve gamosavlis gaumjobeseba<br />
modificirebuli rankinis Skalis mixedviT, rac<br />
statistikurad sarwmuno iyo. 414 Tumca saWiroa Semdgomi<br />
kvlevebi amasTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
mixedavad imisa, rom aspirini 415,416 , enoqsaparini 417,418 da<br />
tirilizadi 419-422 araefeqturi aRmoCnda gamosavlis gaumjobesebis,<br />
spazmis Semcirebis da gviani nevrologiuri deficitis<br />
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, ebseleni 423,424 , endoTelin-1a-s<br />
antagonistebi 425,426 da nitroglicerini 427 garkveul<br />
imedebs iZlevian. garda amisa, winaswari kvlevebi, romlebic<br />
Seiswavlian statinebis (simvastatini da pravastatini) rols,<br />
miuTiTeben maT potenciur SesaZleblobaze Seamciron vazospazmi<br />
da gviani nevrologiuri deficiti. 428,429<br />
1984 wels zubkovma da sx. aRweres angioplastikis<br />
teqnika balon kaTeteris gamoyenebiT. 430 meTodi gulisxmobda<br />
endovaskulurad Tavis tvinis sisxlZarRvebis meqanikur<br />
gafarToebas mikrokaTeteris meSveobiT. balon angioplastika<br />
efeqturi aRmoCnda reversiuli angiospazmis dros<br />
didi kalibris da sqeli kunTovani Sris mqone proqsimaluri<br />
sisxlZarRvebis SemTxvevaSi, gansxvavebiT meoradi<br />
segmentis da wvril perforifebad arteriebSi. 268,431,432 Teoriulad<br />
balon-angioplastikis mizani stenozirebuli arteriebis<br />
distalurad Tavis tvinis sisxlis nakadis gaum-<br />
- 81 -
jobeseba iyo. miuxedavad endovaskuluri meTodis teqnologiurad<br />
daxvewisa, angioplastika mainc riskis Semcveli<br />
proceduraa arteriis okluziis, sisxlZarRvis gaxeTqvis,<br />
Trombozis ganviTarebis da anevrizmidan klipsis<br />
mosxletis TvalsazrisiT. 341,433-435<br />
1989 wels Newel et al 436 aRweres angioplastikis gamoyeneba<br />
sah-is Semdeg ganviTarebuli angiospazmis dros. maT<br />
aCvenes am meTodis Sesrulebadoba, usafrTxooba da angiografiuli<br />
efeqturoba. am kvlevebis SejamebiT SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, rom angioplastika warmoadgens angiospazmis mkurnalobis<br />
efeqtur saSualebas, agreTve igi xels uwyobs<br />
cerebruli sisxlis nakadis zrdas da amcirebs nevrologiur<br />
deficits, amasTan efeqturobis da xangrZlivobis TvalsazrisiT<br />
aRemateba papaverins, Tumca misi gamoyeneba<br />
SezRudulia mcire kalibris sisxlZarRvebSi. prospeqtul,<br />
randomizirebul kvlevebSi ar aris naCvenebi, rom angiospazmis<br />
SemcirebasTan erTad umjobesdeba daavadebis saerTo gamosavali.<br />
437 aseve ganxilvis sagans warmoadgens angiospazmis<br />
mkurnalobis vadebi. Rosenwasser et all 438 mixedviT adreuli<br />
mkurnaloba, savaraudod < 2 saaTamde, SeiZleba iyos warmatebuli,<br />
rogorc angiografiuli suraTis gaumjobesebis,<br />
aseve da rac ufro mniSvnelovania klinikuri mdgobareobis<br />
gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT. jonstonma 117 Caatara kvleva,<br />
sadac ganixila endovaskuluri servisis da hospitlis<br />
gamtarianobis gavlena anevrizmebis mkurnalobis gamosavalze.<br />
am analizma uCvena, rom im klinikebSi, sadac warmoebda<br />
angioplastika sah-s gamo ganviTarebuli spazmis<br />
dros, hospitaluri sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli 16%-iT<br />
- 82 -
naklebi, vidre im klinikebSi sadac ar iyo amis SesaZlebloba.<br />
mikrokaTeterebis gaumjobesebis da superseleqtiuri<br />
teqnikis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebeli gaxda mesame da meoTxe<br />
gantotebis arteriebis kaTeterizacia (sadac SeuZlebelia<br />
balon-kaTeteris xmareba) da maTSi da didi dozebiT vazodilatatorebis,<br />
rogoricaa papaverinis Seyvana. 439,444<br />
superseleqtiurad vazodilatatorebis neli SeyvaniT<br />
SesaZlebelia adre arsebuli meTodebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />
garTulebebis riskis Semcireba, maT Soris: tvinis Reros<br />
funqciebis daqveiTebis, hipotenziis, vazospazmis gaRrmavebis,<br />
gulyrebis ganviTarebis, sunTqvis gaCerebis, gardamavali<br />
iSemiis da qalasSida wnevis matebis. 439,443. literaturuli<br />
monacemebis mixedviT papaverinis koncetracia<br />
romelic ixmareba angioplastikis dros meryeobs 3mg/mldan<br />
6-9mg/ml-mde, xolo sruli doza SeiZleba iyos 300mg<br />
-ze meti erT arteriis teritoriaze. 445 mkacrad aris rekomendebuli<br />
intrakraniuli wnevis da aseve sxva fiziologiuri<br />
da neirofiziologiuri parametrebis monitoringi.<br />
intraarteriulad papaverinis gamoyeneba mowodebulia<br />
kaselis da sxv. 446 mier. maT mier Catarebul kvlevaSi,<br />
romelic moicavda pacientTa mcire raodenobas, aRiniSna<br />
spazmis reversiuli angiografiuli gaumjobeseba da aseve<br />
50%-iT ukeTesi gamosavali. sxva kvlevaSi, 437 romelSic<br />
ganixileboda tirilizadis efeqti, naCvenebi iyo papaverinis<br />
efeqturoba angiospazmis dros angiografiuli suraTis<br />
gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT, Tumca ar iyo nanaxi korelacia<br />
spazmis xarisxs da intervenciis vadas, papaverinis<br />
dozas an kvlevaSi ganxilul wamlis-tirilizadis dozas<br />
- 83 -
Soris. aRwerilia verapamilis 447 da sxva kalcium blokatorebis<br />
xSiri gamoyeneba calkeuli SesaniSnavi SedegebiT.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom isini ufro usafrTxoni arian vidre<br />
papaverini, maTi sargeblianoba jer dadasturebuli ar aris.<br />
literaturaSi aRwerilia balon-angioplastikis da<br />
vazodilatatorebis infuziis kombinirebuli gamoyenebis<br />
calkeuli SemTxvevebi. 450 Tumca ar arsebobs kvlevebi, romlebic<br />
am kombininirebuli meTodis upiratesobaze metyveleben<br />
gamosavalTan mimarTebaSi. 156 papaverinis infuziis ZiriTadi<br />
garTulebas qalasSida wnevis mateba warmoadgens. yvela<br />
kvleva miuTiTebs qalasSida wnevis kontrolis aucileblobaze<br />
xanmokle hiperventilaciis, manitolis, barbituratuli<br />
Terapiis, da/an ventrikuluri drenaJis meSveobiT.<br />
gamoqveynebul kvlevebSi garTulebebi riski meryeobs 2%dan<br />
5%-mde. 443,450,451.<br />
- 84 -
cerebraluri vazospazmis marTva:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. sah-iT ganpirobebuli cudi gamosavalis Semcirebis<br />
mizniT naCvenebia nimodipinis peroraluri miReba. (Class<br />
I, Level of Evidence A). sxva kalcium antagonistebis,<br />
peroraluri Tu intravenuri miRebis, efeqturoba ar<br />
aris garkveuli.<br />
2. cerebruli vazospazmis mkurnaloba iwyeba gamskdari<br />
anevrizmis adreuli mkurnalobiT da umetes SemTxvevebSi<br />
naCvenebia sisxlis normaluri moculobis (normovolemia)<br />
SenarCuneba da hipovolemiis Tavidan acileba<br />
(klasi IIa, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
3. simptomuri cerebruli vazospazmis dros mkurnalobis<br />
erTerTi racionaluri meTodia hipervolemia,<br />
inducirebuli hipertenzia da hemodilucia (3-H<br />
Terapia) (klasi IIa, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
4. simptomuri, cerebraluri vazospazmis dros, cerebruli<br />
angioplastika da/an seleqtiuri intraarteriuli<br />
vazodilataciuri Terapia aseve warmoadgens<br />
mkurnalobis racionalur meTods, romelic klinikuri<br />
situaciis gaTaliswinebiT SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos<br />
3-H TerapiisTan erTad, mis Semdeg an mis nacvlad<br />
(klasi IIb, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
- 85 -
XIII. subaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqceviT<br />
gamowveuli hidrocefaliis marTva<br />
literaturaSi aRwerili subaraqnoiduli sisxl-<br />
CaqceviT gamowveuli hidrocefaliis SemTxvevebi ZiriTadad<br />
retrospeqtuli xasiaTisaa. mwvave hidrocefalia (72 saa-<br />
Tis gan,avlobaSi parkuWebis gafarToeba) vTardeba SemTxvevaTa<br />
20-30% - Si. 452-455 parkuWebis gafarToeba sakmaod<br />
xSiria da yovelTvis ar aris dakavSirebuli parkuWovan<br />
hemoragiasTan. 456,457 am SemTxvevebSi hidrocefaliis mizezs<br />
subaraqnoidul sivrceSi sisxlis arseboba ganapirobebs. 96,<br />
458 mwvave hidrocefalia ufro xSirad gvxvdeba mZime klinikur<br />
mdgonareobaSi myof da gamoxatuli sisxCaqcevis mqone<br />
(Fisher –is Skalis maRali xarisxi) pacientebSi. 452-455 mwvave<br />
hidrocefaliis klinikuri mniSvneloba bolomde garkveuli<br />
ar aris, radgan igi aseve aReniSineba usimptomo pacientebs<br />
da ar iwvevs maTi mdgomareobis gauaresebas. 457 Tumca<br />
cnobiereba daTrgunul pacientebSi 40-80% SemTxvevebSi<br />
ventrikulostomiis Semdeg aRiniSneba mdgomareobis garkveuli<br />
gaumjobeseba (456,457,459) . 2 kvlevis mixedviT, romlebic<br />
moicavdnen SemTxvevaTaA mcire serias, ventrikulostomia<br />
zog SemTxvevaSi iwvevda 146 da zogSi ara (148) rehemoragiis<br />
ganviTarebas.<br />
qronikuli ventrikulomegalia saWiroebs mudmiv Suntirebas<br />
da zogi kvlevis mixedviT 18-dan 26% SemTxveveb-<br />
Si es procedurebi ganapirobeben pacientebis gadarCenas.<br />
455,460,461 Suntirebis saWiroeba maRalia asakovan, adreuli<br />
hidrocefaliis, parkuWovani sisxlCaqcevis mqone, daavadebis<br />
dawyebisas mZime mdgomareobaSi myof da mdedrobi-<br />
Ti sqesis pacientebSi 202,462-46 SemTxvevaTa seriebze 2 sxva-<br />
- 86 -
dasxva centrSi Catarebuli kvlevis avtorebi gvirCeven<br />
terminaluri firfitis fenestrecias qronikuli hidrocefaliis<br />
ganviTarebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. 207,466 SedarebisTvis<br />
endovaskularad da qirurgiulad namkurnaleb<br />
pacientebSi qronikuli hidrocefaliis sixSire ar gansxvavdeba<br />
erTmaneTisgan. 460,461 am pacientebSi ventrikulo-atriuli,<br />
ventrikulo-peritonealuri da lumbo-peritonealuri<br />
Suntireba aumjobesebs maT klinikur statuss. imis da<br />
miuxedavad rodis xdeba ventrukulostomiis mocileba, es<br />
ar ganapirobebs maSuntirebeli operaciis saWiroebas. 469<br />
hidrocefaliis marTva:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. liqvoris droebiTi an mudmivi gamoSveba rekomendebulia<br />
sah-is Sedegad ganviTarebuli qronikuli<br />
hidrocefaliis mqone simptomur pacientebSi (klasi I,<br />
mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
2. mwvave sah-is mqone pacientebSi, romelTac aReniSnebaT<br />
ventrikululomegalia da cnobierebis daTrgunva,<br />
ventrikulostomia SesaZloa iyos sasargeblo (klasi<br />
IIa, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
- 87 -
XIV. subaraqnoidul sisxlCaqcevasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli gulyrebis marTva<br />
sah-Tan dakavSirebuli gulyrebis aRmocenebis riski<br />
kargad gansazRvruli ar aris, aseve ar aris garkveuli<br />
antikonvulsantebis rutinuli xmarebis efeqturoba subaraqnoiduli<br />
sisxlCaqcevebis dros. gulyrebis msgavsi xSiri<br />
epizodebi SesaZlebelia Tan sdevdes anevrizmis gaskdomas<br />
(200,470) . Tumca gaurkvevelia ramdenad epilepsiuri bunebisaa<br />
es epizodebi. 470,471 bolo drois retrospeqtuli kvlevis<br />
mixedviT gulyrebis aRmocenebis sixSire ufro naklebia<br />
da meryeobs 6-18% mde. 472-474 sxva retrospeqtuli<br />
kvlevis monacemebiT adreuli gulyrebis umetesoba vlindeba<br />
klinikaSi moxvedramde, xolo klinikaSi profilaqtikuri<br />
antikonvulsantebis miRebis fonze iSviaTad aRmocendeba.<br />
473 sxva kvlevebis mixedviT gviani gulyrebi gvxdeba<br />
SemTxvevaTa daaxloebiTA7%-Si. 475 aseve aRwerilia intraarteriulad<br />
Seyvanili papaveriniT gamowveuli gulyrebi. 476<br />
kavSiri gulyrebis arsebobas da gamosavals Soris gaurkvevelia,<br />
radgan zogierTi kvleviT ar iyo nanaxi maTi raime<br />
kavSiri (473) , zogi kvlevis mixedviT ki gulyrebi asocirebuli<br />
iyo cud gamosavalTan (472) .<br />
bolo kvlevebis mixedviT, sah-is dros pacientebSi<br />
SesaZloa aRmocendes arakonvulsirebuli gulyrebi. erT<br />
kvlevaSi SeirCa pacientebi, romelTac utardebodaT mudmivi<br />
eeg monitoringi. sah-dan me-18 dRes stuporSi da<br />
komaSi myof pacientTa 19%-s aReniSnaT arakonvulsirebuli<br />
gulyrebi. yvela maTgans profilaqtikurad utardeboda<br />
antikonvulsanturi Terapia da yvela maTgani mokvda. 477<br />
ramdenime kvleva daeTmo perioperaciulad profilaqtikur<br />
- 88 -
antikonvulsantur Terapias. arcerT maTgans naTlad ar<br />
uCvenebia profilaqtikuri anikonvulsanturi Terapiis sargebloba.<br />
478-480 ararandomizirebulma kvlevam kraniotomia<br />
Catarebul pacientebSi aCvena profilaqtikuri antikonvulsanturi<br />
Terapiis sargeblianoba, 481-483 miuxedavad imisa<br />
rom sah-is mqone pacintebis raodenoba maT Soris Zalian<br />
cota iyo. endovaskuluri meTodiT namkurnaleb pacientebs<br />
ar aRmoucendaT periproceduruli gulyrebi, xolo gviani<br />
gulyrebi aRmocenda SemTxvevaTa 3%-Si (484) . sah-is Semdeg<br />
gulyrebis aRmocenebis risk faqtorebia Sua arteriis<br />
anevrizmebi, 485,486 intraparenqimuli hematoma, 481,485,487 tvinis<br />
infarqti, 488 da hipertenziis anamnezi. 201 miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom retrospeqtuli kvlevis mixedviT (470,478) sah-is mqone<br />
pacientebSi profilaqtikur antikonvulsantur Terapias<br />
ar gaaCnia sargebeli, unda aRiniSnos rom kvlevaSi ganxiluli<br />
iyo pacientebis mcire raodenoba da rutinulad ar<br />
xdeboda sisxlSi antikonvulsantebis donis gansazRvra.<br />
retrospeqtul kvlevaSi Sewavlili iyo profilaqtikuri<br />
antikonvulsanturi Terapiis (fenitoini) zegavlena kognituri<br />
funqciebis gamosavalze. kvlevam aCvena, rom sah-dan<br />
3 Tvis Semdeg, fenitoini dakavSirebuli iyo kognituri<br />
funqciebis gauaresebasTan. 489<br />
- 89 -
gulyrebis marTva:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. profilaqtikuri antikonvulsantebi SesaZloa<br />
dainiSnos uSualod sisxlCaqcevis Semdgom periodSi<br />
(klasi IIb, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
2. rutinulad, xangrZlivi droiT antikonvulsantebis<br />
gamoyeneba ar aris rekomendebuli (klasi III, mtkicebulebis<br />
done B). magram SesaZloa dainiSnos im<br />
pacientebSi, romelTac aqvT gulyrebis ganviTarebis<br />
Semdegi risk faqtorebi: adrec arsebuli gulyrebis<br />
epizodi, parenqimuli hematoma, insulti, an tvinis<br />
Sua arteriis anevrizma (klasi IIb, mtkicebulebis<br />
done B).<br />
- 90 -
XV. hiponatriemiis marTva<br />
subaaraqnoiduli hemoragiebis Sedegad ganviTarebuli<br />
hiponatriemiis maCvenebeli 10%-dan 30%-mde meryeobs.<br />
hiponatriemia ufro xSirad viTardeba mZime mdgomareobaSi<br />
myof da wina SemaerTebeli arteriis anevrizmis da hidrocefaliis<br />
mqone pacientebSi, da amasTan igi daavadebis cudi<br />
gamosavlis damoukidebel risk faqtors warmoadgens. 401,490-<br />
492 arakontrolirebadi prospeqtuli kvlevebis mixedviT<br />
hiponatriemia dakavSirebulia Warb natriurezTan da volemiis<br />
SemcirebasTan. 402,493 siTxis Semcireba SeiZleba iyos gviandeli<br />
iSemiuri dazianebis mizezi, 402 xolo volemiis Semcirebam<br />
SeiZleba gamoiwvios simptomuri arteriuli spazmi. 493<br />
ramodenime arakontrolirebadi kvlevis monacemebze dayrdnobiT<br />
volemiis Semcirebis gamosworeba SesaZlebelia<br />
gazrdili infuziis gziT (hipervolemiuri Terapia). 493,495<br />
fludrokortizonis efeqturobis gansazRvris mizniT,<br />
hiponatriemiis koreqciasTan da siTxis balansTan mimarTebaSi,<br />
Catarda ori randomizirebuli kontrolirebadi kvleva.<br />
erTi kvlevis mixedviT igi dadebiTad moqmedebs natriumis<br />
uaryofiTi balansis koreqciaze, magram ver axdens<br />
gavlenas siTxis moculobaze da hiponatriemiaze. 495 meore<br />
kvlevis mixedviT Semcirda siTxeebis miRebis saWiroeba da<br />
gaumjobesda natriumis done (496) . erTi retrospeqtuli<br />
kvlevis mixedviT 3% fiziologiuri xsnari xels uwyobs<br />
hiponatriemiis koreqcias. 497 sxva kvlevebis mixedviT<br />
hiponatriemiis koreqciis mizniT aseve efeqturia albuminis<br />
5% xsnaris gamoyeneba. 391<br />
- 91 -
hiponatriemiis marTva:<br />
Sejameba da rekomendaciebi<br />
1. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis Semdeg unda SeizRudos<br />
didi raodenobiT hipotonuri xsnarebis xmareba da<br />
Tavidan acilebuli unda iyos hipovolemiis ganviTareba<br />
(klasi I, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
2. subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis mqone garkveuli pacientebSi<br />
mizanSewonilia volemiiis statusis monitoringi<br />
Semdegi saxis meTodebis kombinaciiT: centraluri venuri<br />
wnevis, filtvis arteriis wnevis, siTxis balansis,<br />
sxeulis masis gansazRvra, xolo hipovolemiis koreqcia<br />
unda moxdes izotonuri siTxeebis meSveobiT (klasi<br />
IIa, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
3. hiponatriemiis koregirebisaTvis mizanSewonilia<br />
fludrokortizonis acetatis da hipertonuli xsnaris<br />
gamoyeneba (klasi IIa, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
4. zogierT viTarebaSi mizanSewonilia SeizRudos<br />
siTxeebis miReba euvolemiuri mdgomareobis SenarCunebis<br />
mizniT (klasi IIb, mtkicebulebis done B).<br />
- 92 -
Sejameba da daskvnebi<br />
gamskdari anevrizmebis mkurnalobis Tanamedrove stanartia<br />
maTi qirurgiuli klipireba an endovaskuluri spiralebiT<br />
gamoTiSva (roca es SesaZlebelia). daavadebis<br />
gamosavali ganisazRvreba bevri faqtoriT, maT Soris: pacientis<br />
mdgomareobiT, anevrizmis maxasiaTeblebiT da klinikis<br />
gamocdilebiT. keTilsaimedo gamosavali ufro xSirad<br />
miiRweva: sah-s mkurnalobis didi gamocdilebis mqone klinikebSi,<br />
endovaskuluri meTodiT mkurnalobis SesaZleblobis<br />
mqone klinikebSi da SerCeul pacientebSi romlebsac<br />
mkurnaloba CautardaT endovaskuluri meTodiT. optimaluri<br />
mkurnalobisTvis saWiroa gamocdili cerebrovaskuluri<br />
da endovaskuluri qirurgebis erToblivi muSaoba anevrizmuli<br />
subaraqnoiduli hemoragiis yvela calkeuli SemTxvevis<br />
ganxilvis procesSi.<br />
- 93 -
- 94 -<br />
danarTi 1.<br />
glazgos komis Skala (Glasgow Coma Scale)<br />
TXOHEL 7YDOHELV<br />
JD[HOD<br />
VLW\YLHUL SDVX[L PRWRUXOL UHDTFLD<br />
LQVWUXTFLHEV<br />
DVUXOHEV<br />
RULHQWLUHEXOL WNLYLOLV<br />
ORNDOL]HED<br />
VSRQWDQXUL DEQHXOL DUHXOL WNLYLOLV<br />
PRFLOHED<br />
&D=D[LO]H DUDDGHTYDWXUL PR[UD<br />
GHNRUWLNDFLD<br />
WNLYLO]H JDXJHEDUL JD6OD<br />
GHFHUHEUDFLD<br />
VDHU7RG DU<br />
D[HOV<br />
7YDOHEV<br />
qula ganmarteba<br />
1 sikvdili<br />
VDHU7RG DU DULV<br />
VLW\YLHUL SDVX[L<br />
glazgos gamosavlis Skala<br />
(Glasgow Outcome Scale)<br />
2 vegetatiuri statusi<br />
VDHU7RG DU DULV<br />
PRWRUXOL UHDTFLD<br />
3 mniSvnelovani unarSezRuduloba - ar SeuZlia<br />
damoukideblad Tavis movla<br />
4 saSualo xarisxis unarSezRuduloba – SeuZlia<br />
damoukideblad Tavis movla, ar SeuZlia daubrundes<br />
Cveul cxovrebis wess (muSaoba da swavla).
5 SeuZlia daubrundes Cveuli cxovrebis wess –<br />
imuSaos da iswavlos<br />
rankinis modificirebuli Skala<br />
(Modified Rankin Scale)<br />
qula ganmarteba<br />
0 daavadebis simptomebis ar aris<br />
1 miuxedavad daavadebis simptomebisa, ar aRiniSneba<br />
mniSvnelovani unarSezRuduloba, SeuZlia icxovros<br />
Cveuli cxovrebis wesiT<br />
2 msubuqi xarisxis unarSezRuduloba, SeuZlia<br />
damoukdeblad Tavis movla daxmarebis gareSe, magram<br />
ar SeuZlia daubrundes Cveuli cxovrebis wess<br />
3 saSualo xarisxis unarSezRuduloba, saWroebs<br />
daxmarebas, magram SeuZlia damoukdeblad siaruli<br />
4 saSualo simZimis unarSezRuduloba, ar SeuZlia<br />
daxmarebis gareSe siaruli da higienuri<br />
procedurebis Catareba, da damoukdeblad<br />
fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba<br />
5 mZime xarisis unarSezRuduloba, mijaWvulia sawols,<br />
menjis Rrus organoebis funqciebis darRvevebi/<br />
Seukavebloba, saWiroebs saSualo med-personalis<br />
mxridan mudmiv movlas da yuradRebas.<br />
6 sikvdili<br />
- 95 -
anevrizmuli sah-is mqone pacientTa<br />
mdgomareobis Sefasebis Skala<br />
Hunt-Hess mixedviT<br />
- 96 -<br />
danarTi 2<br />
1 xarisxi pacienti asimptomuria, an gamoxatulia msubuqi<br />
Tavis tkivili da kisris kunTebis ioli<br />
rigidoba<br />
2 xarisxi saSualo an Zlieri Tavis tkivili, kisris<br />
kunTebis daWimuloba, nevrologiuri deficis<br />
gareSe, garda kranialuri nervebis parezisa<br />
(mag.: III, IV)<br />
3 xarisxi aRiniSneba Zilianoba an gabrueba, msubuqi<br />
kerovani nevrologiuri deficiti<br />
4 xarisxi stupori, zomieri an Rrma hemiparezi.<br />
5 xarisxi Rrma koma, decerebraciuli rigidoba.<br />
anevrizmuli sah-is mqone pacientTa<br />
mdgomareobis Sefasebis Skala WFNS mixedviT<br />
1 xarisxi 15 qula glazgos komis SkaliT,<br />
motoruli deficitis gareSe<br />
2 xarisxi 13-14 qula glazgos komis SkaliT,<br />
motoruli deficitis gareSe<br />
3 xarisxi 13-14 qula glazgos komis SkaliT,<br />
motoruli deficitiT<br />
4 xarisxi 7-12 qula glazgos komis SkaliT,<br />
motoruli deficitiT/an gareSe<br />
5 xarisxi 3-6 qula glazgos komis SkaliT,<br />
motorul deficitiT/an gareSe
anevrizmuli subaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqcevis<br />
intensivobis Sefasebis fiSeris Skala<br />
kompiuteruli tomografiis mixedviT<br />
1 jgufi kt-ze sisxli ar isaxeba.<br />
2 jgufi subaraqnoiduli sisxlis sisqe 1 mm-ze naklebia<br />
3 jgufi subaraqnoiduli sisxlis sisqe 1 mm-ze metia.<br />
4 jgufi subaraqnoiduli sisxlCaqceva parkuWovani<br />
an parenqimuli hemoragiiT.<br />
- 97 -
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