А. С. Пушкин, К. Ф. Рылеев и сюжеты древней ... - Europaorientalis.it

EUROPA ORIENTAUS 9 (1990)A.C. IlY11.1K14H, K.O.PbI.TIEEB 14 CIO*ETbI4PEBHER CTAPI4I-IbI011131-A A. KPHBOIIIEEBA MOTTACMOTpli, KaK n..nameHHbdi 1103T,ammanbem cnanioim ynoeHHhir1Ha CBHTOK remo! CKJI0HeHNbl1l,LlwraeT 1-10BeCTb ppeanix JIeTI(A. Tlymo4H, Korpa K mewarenbriomy mktpy)FJIHHKa IIHCaJI:Be.nwole pesumst, paccesifiribte B ne-romicsix o -revearaeHrtux, 6.necTsrrKaK 60ra -regnate BOCTOLIHble nep.nbi H.7111 6pa3H.nbacHe alltvia3b1 Ha nHer.ny6oKHx mopeg KIM B yluenHH rop. CTOHT TOJIbKO co6paTb H c6.71H-314Tb HX, 4T06 COCTaBHTb nJI51 POCCHI4 o*epenbe onaam, aoTopomynono6Hoe eiraa Hme.rm rpeurisi H Pktm ... Torna, aoHerHo, autrpaer nyxioHoro poccHRHHHa npH aompeHHH Ha Benkuoie ,no6.necTH H aoHHcaylocrraay npepaoa. (B. Ba3aHoB 1949: 142-143)Taxoe Haerpoetule xapaxTeppnosano Jarreparyplibie xpyriipyccxoro odinecTBa, B xoTopom nom BJIHAHHeM xax 3ana,Luiblx, TaxH HCKOHHO pyCCKHX HCTOL1HHKOB pomaimpiecxoro Tenciptsi, CTaJI0*HBJISITbC51 HH -repec 1103TOB H nHcaTe.nea K HCTOpHH POCCHH, KnbigalowHmcsi JIIOPSIM ee, K Heropitmecialm cio*eTam. 1i POMaHbl B. CKOTTa CTaHOB$ITC$I H3BeCTHbl pyccKomy tímTare.rtio C naanuangxrovo a XIX Boxa. Yace B 1797 r. B olera6pbcKom Homepe raM6yprcKoro acypHana.KapaM3HH ny6.nHayr craTmo, conepacaulyio onity H3 nepawx riegarraix ouelioxC.BoBa o nomBy HropeBe. B 1816 r., eule no auxona a negant B JurrepaTyptibixKpyrax 6butH npollwramt KapaM3HHb1M rnaam H3 Hcropim rocyfiaperBa

254 0. K.PHBOUTIEBA MOTTAY A. Flyiuxma, onnaxo, TO Bbicoxoe B,LIOXHOBeHHe, xoTopmmT1p0HHKJIHCb moAomble AaTepaTopm Toro HpemeHH, He HaX0,/114.710anexHaTHoro Trtopliecxoro BOHJ10111BH1151: dymytni B 1IHIjee, 1103TXOTBJ1 Hanacarb mpomveciono n03my «IlrOpb H Ombra», a «Hal111-can 3nHrpammy Ha 11.1axoscxoro, WHXMaTOBa 11 WHIIIKOBa...», 2 110-3acenankiti o6lgecTBa »3e.neHaA Aamna» H ropsitme 3a- CelBeHlISICTOJIbHble C110p131 O 3HaMBHHTbIX 1110,r151X pyccxoft HCTOpHH HeHoonymeHHAH noaTa. 3IIHTepec x HcropHH, x AereHijapnbim codbITHAm ee npo6y*-naeTcH H aXTHBH3HpyeTC51 y Ilynnuma B ronia 10*H014 CCLIJIKI1(1820-1824 rr.). 4 !103T 3HaKOMHTCS1 C KaHxa3om, TaspH,noft, Beccapa6Hefi,3THMH OT,LiallellHb1M14 yroAxamH POCCHH, HanesmunimnHa Flyunania TaxHe HmeHa xax 0Aer, Hropb, McmcAa3 3pecb1103T rAy6oxo nomyscusoBaA CBS13b spemeH:B yepHHenliii MOS1a3oeHpaanigri renrlfiIloamax m -mogi Tpyp H *ax(PY Pa3mblime 14 5 'nePHOR 10*H014 CCblAKH Oxa3a.71CsiIlyllIKVIlia 14 11/10/10TB0p-111)1M B TBOptleCKOM n.nane H Hema.nosa*Hum 3Ta.170M B 3B0J11011HHTBOptieCKoro npOuecca no3Ta. B nmcbme x A. jje.7117Bilry OT 23PoccHlicxoro, nepsme 8 TOMOS KoTopon amnycxalorcH B 1818 r. B 1818 r.amxopHT aTopoe H3,Z1aHHe cdopHma K. 1.1aHmona, BbIROAHCHHOe Ha 60./leeBMCOKOM ypoaHe H 3TOT cdopmx Monroe apemsi dmw HCTOLIHMCOM 410AbKAOPHbIXcioxceros ,con pyccxHx ruicaTe.neft.2 i/HeBHHKOBaS1 aanisich 1103Ta OTHOCHTCSI K 10 pexa6pn 1815 r., B HOCHH O BefflemOrrore: KH$13b Hropb H OJIbTa Ha xo.rtme cmsn"...3 06uxecTso «3eneHan Jiamna• Hatiano ,LWATeAbHOCTH KOTOpOfl OTHOCHTC.51 K1819 r., 6W.710 OCHOBaHO H.B. 0CeBOAACKH14. Ha aacepaHHfix oduxecTna ITHCaJIH,061251CHSIAHCb cno6o,c(Ho Ha niodme TeMM, a Taiosce o6cy*nawHcb maTepHanm,CBSI3aHlible C pyccxon HeropHea. B uensix yxpenneHHA ,nyxa naTpHoTH3ma 6131AHHanHcaHm *H3HeORHC3HHA K03bM61 MHHHHa, CBATOCAalla, (Meta, ACK0Abna HLIHPa, B4a4mmmpa, PorHenm, Aporto.nxa. A. TOACTMM 661JI COCTaBA3H Cnucox3HabfeHHTbIM J1144RM PoccHticxoro rocypapcma OT P:0~a 40 Bemocoro KHR351MHxalura II (1174-1176). flonpodHo 06 3TOM odaxecTae TomaweacxHn 1956:193-223. Ilynnamy xce dbula (SAH)xe aaxxmliecxan cTopoHa 3acepaHma 045111eCTBa:rOPHIllb AH TE4, namnaga Hawa, / Iloppyra 6AeHHA H nHpoB? / KHnHmb AH T131,maTan varca, / B pyrax aece.nmx ocTpsixoa?4 3a opy Boromocrb, xax HmecTHo, IlyiuxHHa ccmnaaT Ha Por. CHama.na aKHIIIHHeB a mae 1820 r., rpe oH Haxopwrcst Ha cAyA6e y ~osa. B HioAe 1823 r.nyunama nepeaopAT Ha cArt6y K BopoHuoay B Opeccy.5 CCMJIKH Ha npoimeneHHA nYILIKHlia OTHOCSITCSI X H3,4aHHIO: 'nuoci« 1981..3Aech c. 263. CcWIXH Ha aaTorpa4) — nyuncHH.1937-1949, T. II , cc. 741 -743.

A. C. IIYUIKHH, K. 4). PbU1EEB H C10*ET131 APERFER CTAPHH131 255mapTa 1821 roga 1103T, nocne OKOH4aH1414 1103Mbl KaBKa3CKHR17.11e11.111«, COOdigaeT:euke cKancy Te6e, 4TO y mem( B ro.noae 6p0nsiT eine no3mbi ... 51nepeaapHaaio BOCHOMHHBEHA 14 Haneloch Ha6paTb acKope HOBble(llepenHcKa 1982: I, 372)iiMeHHO Ha 'ore, rpe «nonymemibin 6eper H Baxtmcapah» HmeioTA.1151 nyllIKHHa «npenecTb HeH31:51C1111My10», 11051B/13110TC51, xpomey*e Ha3BaHH0fl, 1103Mbl KaK Bax'IHcapaRcXHR 4JOHTaH, Ubl.raHbl ;6mech *e po*paeTcH umbicen pomana B cimxax EsreiniRHam KoTophim 1103T 11 HatutHaeT pa6oTaTb. 7Ha 'ore *e AilyiuKHH nmueT H 6annajiy IleCHb o Beatem Onere,OHa paTHposana — I mapTa 1822 roga. BbIXO,EIHT 3T0 npoH3Bege-HHe B «CeaepHbix UBeTaX» Ha 1825 roi. 8 BannaAa socnpHHHmaeTCSIKIMITHKOR no-pamiomy, 3T0npe.necnible HrpywKit a He orneuaroK mapoBaHmst (CO 1825: II, 205-206)IleCHb o Befixem Onere «HeCKOJIbKO oTcTaeT» OT ppyrHx npoH3BemeHHRno3Ta:B HeB eCTb ace, Kpome libIJIKOCTH IlyllIKHH3 H TOF1o6aopo*HTe.ribHoPinpe.necTri, arpilaocT14 B CTHXaX, KoToppo ?Ah( nytuve nocniraem,Hexcenit ymeem Bblpa3HTb (CO 1825: III, 309).B peueH3HH Ha «CenepHbie w3eTbi» 11. IlAeTHei3 oco6oe EiHma-HHe ype.inut IlecHH o Bexem Onere Kax o6pa3uy HaunoHanbHoh110331114:HmeHa Aku.1 sepHocrb npolicutecramit, mecro peticraHn, ynommaembleB CTHXOTBOpeHHH, np03aH4ecKH TOJIbKO neJIBIOT ero HatiHoHanbHum.11033HA Tpe6yeT pe3max KpaCOK, 41yulearioft 110.11HOTIA, 6b1CTp01 - 0Boonyulea.nenusa. KTO B COCTORHHH C0e4111HHTb ace 3T0 14 O)KHBHTb14elly10 KapTHHy He06xoAHmumkt Ansi no33HH no1po6Hocrnmx H36pan-1101"0 14b4 apemeHH H mecra, TOT He HanpacHo 6ymeT aocKpeniarb6Hapn,ay C Ha3BaHHb1MH no3mama, 6b1J1H HanHcanbt raapJulHaaa, 5Parb51Pa36011MIKH, 6buto conallo 60./IbM0e KOAH4eCTBO J11113114eCKKX npokimea etdi.7 Pa6ora IlyinicHna HaA Eeremiem (»fermami npo,non*a.nach 6onee BOCbMH JleT:HamaTan a KHunmeae 9 mast 1823 r., oHa 6mAa micoHtleHa ocenbio 1831 r. noHa6pocaHHomy nnaHy BHAHO, 4TO 1103T npennonara.rt pa3614Th pomaH Ha TpH'acni, no TpH rnasm — «necHH» B KBACJI0H.8 «CeaepHme naerm» Ha 1825 rosi BMILIAH B caeT a KoHne neica6pg 1824 r.

256 0. KPHBOWEEBA MOTTA,llaBHOMHHyBIIIHe CO6b111151: OHH cuertatarca CaffilleHlibIMPI Ansi cospemeH-HMKOB H 110TOMKOB (COPeBHOBaTeJlb 1825: 106-110).11.neTHeB essmbmaer xaparrepHeTaxy, nanHyto riecHH, c Oc-HOBHbIM Bonpocom, 3aHstmalumm TOI"All. pycexpo KpHTHKy: O Ha-UNOHaAbHOM Hama.ne B nwrepaType. 4AB Ilyunonia /7ecHb npencTaBAsterco6on Hetrro HHOe H OH He pa3neAsteT 3TOR oueHmflnerHeBa «yHunoro 3.nerma»:KaK TbI HaX041HIllb CTaTb10, LITO HanHcan Haw nileTHeB? 3KaR epailawi(IlepenficKa 1982: I, 193)HOBH3Ha 3Toro npoH3BegenHst tipterBoBaAach nYIIIKHHhIM etueB 1823 rony B epaBHeHHH c Bbnuemueft pymoti K. Pbuteesta OmerBeafinl; n03T nongernuistaer csoeo6pa3ste 17ecmf N B nHcbme x A.Bec-ry*esty — xoneu snmapst 1825 roga:Te6e. Ka*eTcsi, «Oner» He npaanTcsi; nanpacno. TosaprtutecKaBcTaporo KHA351 K caoemy KOHIO H 3aI50TJIHBOCTb O ero cypb6e —eCTb LlepTa TporaTanbnoro npocTopyunts, pa H nponculecTane c.amono ce6e B csoeA npocToTe rtmeeT Nffloro n03TH4ecuoro (IlepernicKa1982: I, 470-471).B KpHTHKe HOBH3Ha Ilecial o Beatem 011ere Bnepstbie mari:mei"-C.51 B. r. BeJIHHCKHM. KpHTFIK peANT npost3Benemu1 rlyunama Ha TPHnepHopa: «Aktuerteme» CTHXOTBOpeHH31, «nepexonnue» CTHX0-TBOpeHHSI, B KOTOpbIX dbIlla «BH,L(Ha *HBast HcToppmeciasi CB513bflyunama C npenutecTBoBasuneto emy nwrepaTypoto, H OHH rtepemetuaHmC nbecamm, B xoTopbtx Bmtert pice 3peAuft Ta/IaHT H BKOTOpbIX nylIIKHH 5113/ISIeTCSI HCTHHHbIM XyPO*HHKOM HOBOa II033HHHa PycH», H «nbecht IIHCTO IlyllIKHHCKHe», B KOTOpbIX nyllIKHH«pe3xo OTLIeJIBeTCSI OT Bcex npemuteemoBasuntx emy 1103TOB»(rlyiumH 1953: 119, 125).17ecHb o Beigem auere munottena BenstHexHm B ItHcAo «nepexonHigx»CTHXOTBOpeHHA, OLIHaKO, KPHTHX TyT BhuiensteT ee:17ecHb 1...1 coaceM ppyroe me.no Bcsi nbeca 3Ta 593narrre.nbnosupep*ana B Tane H B copep*annit; noc.neankth Kyn.neT ypatmo3aMbIKaeT co6olo no3Tn4ecKni1 CMbICJI I4e/TOr0 H oeraanster Ha rtpue1411TaTe.115I no.nnoe BnemaT.nernie He.11b35I Toro *e cKa3aTb o scex«nepexopnbix» nbecax llyunaina B OTH011IeHHH K shipep*annocTitlIellOCTHOCTH 3T0r0 nepocTama cortepwenno 4y)Kpbi nbecu 4HCTOnyunoincKne (IlywKan 1953: 124-125).

A. C. IIYIIIKHH, K. PbUlEEB H CIO)KETIA //PEBHER CTAPHH61 257BOT Hiacxa3mHaHH51 BenitHcKoro B OTHOIIIeHHH CHa — oTpiamaHe0Cy111eCT1311eHHOR 1103Mb1 BaaHM:X(7151 no3mm Hy*Ho nCFICTBHTe71bH0e conepiKaHHe, H ee repOAMHmory-r 6b1Tb TO.nbxo neficiswre.nbHmeJ110,0H, a He yneHme cliaHTa3HH HHe HcTopitnecKHe rimoTe3m (flyuno4H 1953: 124).BafiHM C13513b1BaeTCA KpHTHKOM C npeinnecTI3oHamuen Tpai2Hmen,a flecHb o Beigem Onere «pe3xo» OT Hee «oulenHeTcsi». )11nsiBeJIHHCK0r0, B 1841 r0,ay CTaHOBHTC51 rJIaBHOh npo6nema. «Bep-HOCTH» xygo*HHxa «XlefiCTBHTeJIbHOCTH», T.e. npo6nema peamt3-ma, 1101131TH51, B03HI4KIIIer0 nomKe (TepmaH «pea.nbHain npo3a» 6b1.11,KaK H3BeCTHO, HnepHme ynoTpe6.neH BeJIHHCKHM B 1835 romy), aonpeme.neHHe Xy/lOACHHK « o lefiCTBHTeJIbHOCTH», KoTopoe B cyneHOCTH npHHapne*HT IlyllIKHHy9 CTaJIO HCX0,0HbIM /VIA cTaTetiBenHficxoro o Elyunaffle.«06inecTHeHHoe», «couHanbHoe», «minime» Haxo oriHmich yflymxinia B Hepa3pbuiom emmicme. B xaxom KOHTeKCTe 06CTOB-TeAbCTB nomminach llecHb o Bergem Onere? FlocemeHHeHOBBIX mecT, otnneHHe ero C KI411114HeBCKHM xpyroM ;2gs/un H 31-la-KOMblX, C n.neHamH TaflHoro o6InecTsa H C13313aHHIAMH C HHMHminamit, pa30naposaHHe B ppy3b.sx, 3a6bn3nnix ero, TocKa no lie-Tep6ypry, nepemeHm B momsix, KoTopme Ha6momaii OH cam, CA0*-1-we nepenneTeHHe momeHTos 15Horpacimil no3Ta H no.nwriinecxofiCHTyal1HH B POCCHH H EBpone — Hce 3TH rniename 06CTOSITeJ1b-CTBa He MOrJIH He C110C015CTBOBaTb HilyTpeHHe CO3,0aHHIO Toro147111 iniorollp0H3BeLleHHA.flosiHneHHe TlecHH O Bemem agere CI3313b1BaeTC51 Henocpem-CTBeHHO C BJI115111HeM B.O.PaeHcKoro Ha flywKiiHa. 1 ° B. PaeacKHti,ripepcTaHmumuigi co6oFt pecny6nHKamia, o6Inasich C r103TOM B KH -uipmese, xoTen HHyuffiTh emy Hpean neHna-meKa6pHcTa. B cTH-XOTB0pHOM TIOCJIaHHH K gpy3bHm, apecToBaHinafi PaerIcKHA 60JIb-9 B 1830 r. a peueHaHH Ha anbmaHax «peHHHua» Ilyunam o6o6inaeT caolo 11033H10CJ1OBBMH: «... 11yELIKHHB, 1103Ta neFICTBHTeJlbtIOCTH...» (1949: VII, 116).lo rpocch4aH Hfican: «Pamymbe o cypb6e Paeacxoro, 6brrb moxce -r, owtaitnonaman4 IlynneHHa nporrose,qb ero mx.niogeHHoro Apyra O Taoptiecxoftpa3pa6orxe popHoti cTapHrud. IlyuncHH acnohniHaer npHaepeHHhaft KapaM3HHbIMpaccxa3 neTomicua o cmepTH 0.nera...» OpHaxo, B TpaKTosice flectuf qyac"rayeTcHTeHneH111103HOCTb, xaparrepHasi xpprrwiecxoti MbICJIH 30-x ropoa —B11,BeTb B nyllIKHHO TOJIbK0 no3Ta-6opua 3.11 CB060Zly: «3TOT npHHumn He3a-BHCHMOCTH nona, rrpattaiwocni H CB060,4b1 ero H3E4Ka maria.n oco6eHHo roppoH my*ec"raeHHo B 06CTaHOBKO 110JIHTII4OCK0/1 CCMJIKH» (1939: 254).

258 0. KPHBOWEEBA MOTTAmen maCTb10 06PallIaeTC51 K nYUIKHHY (Ilecnb K 3TOMY apemeHHduna pice HarnicaHa):XO.BOAHMIi y3HHK OTJaeTTe6e ceti .naap, neaeu Kaaxa3a:OcTaab apyrnm neBuaM no6oBb.JhO6OBb JIH neTb, TTIe 6phi3)iceT xpoabKax 3T0 xopollio, Kax 3T0 CHAbH01 — BOCKJIHKHylI OH (IlymiamMbICAb 3Ta mHe Htinne He acTpeLiaxach, oHa maisHo BepTe.nach a MOeFITOJI0Be: HO 3TO ne B moem poae, 3T0 B pose THPaC170.11bCKOR SCPCITOCTIf,a xopowo (noximepicHyro Hamil 0.K.M.). 11HecomneHHo, TecHoe o6uieHHe c PaeBCKHM, xax anpoLiem HapecT ero, OKa3aAH BAHHHHe Ha IlyunaiHa: IlyuncHH OTXOPHT OTcaoero pomaHTHLieexoro }umana, HO H He npHHHmaeT HneanaPaeBcxoro. ApecT Paeacxoro (6 (peap. 1822 r.) rAy6oxo noTpneFlyunania, OH ,LIOATO pambunAsleT Hut cyph6oft pexa6pHeTa: HarAaaax nona Paesextif) H3 repos' npeapaniaeTcsi B o6bixHo-BeHHo10 Lie.nosexa, He}t315eraiowero 3aKOHOB BJIaCTH. 3TOT nepHonxapaxTeptuyeTesi H Tem, LaTo nYIIIKHH KPHTHIleCKH nepeoc-MbICASICT CBOFI TimpLieexHll nyTh, Liemy moryT CBHAeTeAbCTBO -BaTb KaK HeoxoHliemible nocAaHtin B.Paescxomy, TaK H IIHKACTHXOTBOpeHHFI H Ha6pOCKOB 1820-1823 rouoB. 12B 3TOM KOHTeKCTe LIOJI*H0 paccmaTpwataTh nAanbi BagHmaflyinxHHa. B ocHose 3aMbIc.na .ne*HT AereHnapHoe npenaHHe orepoe-HoBroponue BanHme, xoToputi I10/5HHJI BOCCTaHHe IIPOTHBPiopnxa. ConocTaaneHHe 4)Hrypb; Paersexoro e repoem ApeiniefiCTaPHHbI MOrJIO CII0C06CTBOBaTb umbicAy flyinxHHa. H H3BeCTHO,LITO B KinumeBe x 3T0F1 Teme o6pauiancsi H B. Paeacialti." 3ambi-11 H.11. ThinpaHAH 1103HaKOMPUICR 22 ceHTH6ps1 1820 r. C rbrUIKVIHMM H HaX0MHAC.S1C HHM B 6JIH3KHX, Appicecxmx °THOU:M(101X B Tegenlle acero npedmaaHHH nonaHa !ore. H3 Attearnixa H aocnommHaHHR, B KH. A. C. IlyuncHH 1985: I, 342. I103T«,/:10AlKeH 6MTb npexue acero caodopeH aHyrpeHHe — OT anpHopHo ITPHHATMXMOICTPHH H npenaurrmx pormaToa, OT OPHOCTOpOHHOCTH JIHMHMX npmcipacma Hroppott cocpe,noTomeHHocrn Ha cede camom» (H3BeCTH.R 1977: 3, 242).12 HaH6o.nee 3HameHaTeAbHme cripcoraopeHHH, oTpaAcalouxHe 3TH paulymbHnona HaA CBOHM raopvecraom — H nepavour CBOH XeJlalfbA, CB060,11M CeRTeJli,❑YCTblifliblii, ,aemon, YMOJIKHy CK0p0 A..., Moli "ipyr, 3a6h1Thl 110fOR cJlegarMHHYBIIIHX Jler... H 1:Ip. Ilo3nHee, orzoig Ilyunanta OT caoero npeacHero }umanakomcpeTH3yercH raoptiecia4 B o6pa3e JIeHCKOrO, a ca36pumbie» nloAH oxa-31dBalOTCA .710*HMMH AJIA t103Ta: «SI TOBOPHA npep XJ1a4H010 / HO, 4TO BH36PaHHMX A YBH,LleA...».13 06pa3 BapHma, nepaoro 3auurrHifica cao6opm, dmA nonyAnpeH B AprrepaType

A. C. riYIIIKHH, K. c. Pb1/1EEB H CIWKETIA APEBHEFI CTAPHH131 259ce.n xai 1103Mbl TBK H Tparemm ocTaeTcsl HeocymecTBAeHmam.Coxpamutoch 1Ba oTphawa: CBO4 He6a mpaxom 06.1101CHJICA SIBASI -migHficsi o6pa3nom pomaHTHIlecxoro TIPOH3BeneHHA (pomaHTHtieCKaAYCJIOBHOCTb, l'ameni Ha pomaimmecuill y3eJI, npH3HaKHo)KHpalomero BatHMa no,antra); ppyrofi oTpmBox co6.7no,aaeTniaccHtlecuse cpopMbl:A.T1eKCaHnpHACKHA CTHX TOJIbK0 csexcecTbio 513b1Ka ormiLiaeTcH OTorma K1151*HHHa H 03epoBa. Tante *e «npstmeHemisp>, lume mbiacrpeLiaem B Tparenkum no3,4Hero Lucci:111H~ H OT KOTOPMX rlyunottpell1HTeJ1bH0 OTKa3aJIC51 B nouHetiumx ppamanitlecioix OnblTaX(Tomawescluifi 1956: I, 442)FIHTHMHOe «A», RHyrpeHHe cHo6opHoe, TIOBeJI0 flynIKHHa no HOsomynyTH, no nyTH «npocTopyumoro» H3o6paaceHHH reposi, roqeCJIOBO «npocroxiyume» plIA Ilymnma o3Ha4iaeT npocToTy H3o6pa-*empi, nparipsmocTb H BepHocTb H3o6pa*aemoro, 14 3T0 BH,L1H0 H3ero oneHns TBoptlecisa Ily6rmsi OBH,L(HA Ha30Ha:B CHK noc.ne4HHx (3.17erkum 170HTINACKHX O.K.M.) 6o.nee HCTHHHOTOLiyacT8a, 6o.riee npocropyunisi, 643.mee HHAHBH,LiyailbHocTH H meHeeX0/10,(1HOTO oc-rpoymmi. CK0.1113K0 ApKOCTH B ormcaHHH Ltsoiworo KJIH-MaTa H 143(X(405i 3eMJIHI CKOJibK0 )KHBOCTH B nompo6HocTstx114 KaKasirpycm o Prime. KaKHe rporarenbHbie za.n06b11 (11y1IIKHH 1949: VII,421).He0CyIneCTIMIeHHbIM OCTaJICSI H 3ambicen O Mcnic.naBe, Ha KOTOpomOCTaHOBHMCA noppo6Hee. MbICJIb O McTstc.nasse, opHom H3pyccna nismeR XI BeKa, xoTopmfl B e1 HH060pCTBe 040Aell KHA351xocoroB Pepenio, He OCTaBAAJla Ilyunuma Ha nporsmensm psyx.neT nocne 3aHepillemis1 no3mb1 PycAati H Illopmtura, c 1820 roga.Hammian C koHna XVIII BeKa: Tparetimi R. KlIsDKHHHa Ba4HM HoBropoAciaill,HanemaTaHHasi noc.ne cmepTH asTopa a 1793 r., a 3aTem 3anpeateHHam: no3maM.XepacxoBa; paresi ExaTepHHha II, B KoTopoSI onpaanuaaeTcn moHapxlin;HeoKoHmeHHasi ityma K. PhineeBa BaaHM. KplITHKH CXOJISITCSI BO MHeHHH, • 11TOTenta Bazoima nopcKa3aHa flyinKHHy B.Paesamm» (CM. o6 3TOM: nyllIKHH 1981: M,355). repowiecicoe H CB060X10.11106HBOe nponnoe, Ba,t1Hm Hoaropozesoift H MapamBopeuxasi — xapaKTepHbie nepcoHaxolneKa6pHcTcxott AHTepaTyphi.14 KoHxpeTHocrb neTanen, ymeHHe nepe,ziasaTh OsHAHem ncHxanorrigeomxHblOBHCOB, *eCTIA, MHMHK3 He npoxonnT 6ecc.nenHo AIA TaoptiecTaa nYMKHHa:3,EleCb, OACHBHB T06on meirru Boo6pa)KeHbn, / 51 noaTopHA TBOH, OBHAHH,necHoneHbn KommeHTHpyn Kasxa3cicoro 11.11eHIllikil B nHcbme K B.n.r01311BKOBYB 1822 rony, IlymKHH nHcan: « 14epicechi, HX o6binaH H HpaBbi 3aHHMaioT 60nmuyioH .nytnylo tiacTb moen nosecTH...»

260 0. KPHBOWEEBA MOTTAH3BeCTHO, LITO anHAor KaBKa3K01"0 IMBHHHKa fibiA socnpHHHT co-BpememmxamH xax «o6eukanHe no3Ta»:BorHasi neceH H paccxa3aBocnommabilisnonHa,Bbrrb mo*er, noffropirr oliaIIpemaHbB rpo3Hbie Kama3a,PacciazeT noBecTb AaAbpsvc CTpaH,MarHc..naBa Apewsill noemmoxBHHMaHHe nona npasnex noemmiox MerHc.naBa c Pememen,yriommHaembin 14 B C.110Be o nomay Hropese, c xoTopum IlymxHH15bIA 3Haxom ewe paHmue:Torma nynomerb 10 COKOJIOBb Ha cramo nedembh:KOTOpb1M14 maremme,Ta npemm ntcab nosiwe -crapomy Slpoariazy,xpa6pomy Marptc.naay,Hxce 3apt3a Pememo npemb nb.moi xaco*baugmH (IloaecTH 1983:378)3TOT noemHHox npoH3oluen Ha ceBepe KaBxa3a, B mecTax, KOTOpwenoceTHA no3T BmecTe c cembefi Paescxxx B 1820 romy. BnpHmemaHHH x no3me KaBKa3CKHR 17.71CHHHKIlyllIKHH 111411IeT:MCTHCJIaB, Chili CB.B.namHmHpa, npo3BaHHba1 390.111,1M. yneJII>Hblfi KH5131,TmyrapazaHa (ocTpoB TamaHb). OH Boesa.n C Kocoramm (no Bcefi BepOSTHOCTH,Hbffiell1H11MH mepxecamH) H B gamo6opcTse OLIOJTeJI KH.H351Fix Penemo. CM. Ifcr. roc. Pocc. Tom II (11yunoti 1981: III, 97)3a11HCb 3Ta OTHOCHTC$I K maio 1821 roma. Ilo3ma o McnicAase,Taxkim o6pa3om, HaxomwrcH ewe Ha yposHe 3ambrena, a no3T yweoxsameH HOBbIM ao*eTom, OCHOBaHHOM Ha HCTHHHOM npokicule-CTBHH — pemb HmeT O no3me BpaTbJI pa36aRtimat. 3T0 npoH3semeHHe6bIA0 HanHcaHo B xomre 1821 roma, capaHH.ncs, omHaxo,orphisox 113 3TOR donbisofi no3mw, yHwrro*eHHoti IIymxHHum, noero cAosam, nocAe HanHcaHHH. (flepenHcxa 1982: I, 460) HifrepecHoOTMeTHTb, LITO mepHoBon Hadpocox Haqa.na Bparbea pa3-60RHHKOB (nepsbai nJIaH) HanHcaH meTbipexeronHum amci1í6paxHem,xax CTHX tiepnan arami H CTHX /7eCHH o Begem Omere. 1515 Cp.: r..11SOKY KaK 6e3YMHbin Ha HepHyio manti, / H xnapHyto pyluy Tep3aeTnemanb... / KypraH? cepetpwacsa npit Hpxoll nyHe. / Kyneu o6podenbin cxaxa.nHa KOHe...

A. C. TIYIIIKHH, K. 4). PbUIEEB H CIO)KETb1 LIPEBHER CTAPHHEd 261ii3 Ha6pOCKOB rmana llO3MbI O MerHenase BHAHO, LITO nylIIKHHXOTe.11 cmeutaTb B 3TOM npoHaaexieHHH cambie pa3Hble 3JIeMeHTbI: HneTonHcHuti paccKa3, H MN(1) o6 amaaommx, B3S1TaSI H3 6bIJIHH HCKa3OK HCTOpHS1 06 11.71be Mypomne H ero cpa*eHHH C CBIHOM,ynompfflaeTcH 14 2:(o6pbmst, N mHorosHc.neHHble onHcaHHH cpa-*eHHil (des grands combats et des combats encore), H pyxH, H 6orHH3bisecKHe, 3,ttech 14 sapopefum, ya.neKaioutast repos!, €.napbst Hpesa», ocTpos Hac.na*AeHHIA, TlyeTbIHHHK, ripopoziecncylowiti ytiaCTbPOCCHH, 14 BO3MO)KHO, .1114x4Hble anesaT.neHmi B onHcaHHsixKaaKa3a. Ha (porte 3THX CO6bITHfi ,T.10.11*Ha duna paabirpaTbcsi pomaHHsecKastHCTOpH14 MCTHCJIaBa C napeaHow xocoroa —ao.nute6HHnen (AMa3OHKOI4 — ApmHxioh) HJIH POLlepb10 BOJIIIIe6HHIjb1.3,LleCb pKe BH,L1110, LITO nyllIKHH CB060,LIHO o6pautaeTcsi cHcTopHsecKHmH tpavrama. B IloBecni spemeffilmx JleT n oeLHHOKMerHc.naHa c Pepeneti npoHaoluen B 6530 (1022) roxty, T.e. sepe37 .neT noc.ne cmepTH B.na.AHmapa, HacTyrumutefl B 6523 (1015)rogy. B n.naHe — «13.naimmHp paame.nHa Ha ypenbt Poccato, ocTaeT-CA B KHeBe», «B./IaMIIMHp B OT 14a14HH14» (nylIIKHH 1936: 11,477-478)nylIIKHH OCTaBJ151eT B CT0p0He H 6oph6y MerHc.nasa c ApocitasomH noc.negytoutee 3axmoseHHe mHpa c 51poc.nasom, noxop6paThea Ha no.nstKoa. B n.naHe, B cpa*eHmstx raaCTB3rIOT /ilyxH/ 14/Bori H3biseciale/, H3FHaHHb1e Kpeamiem. B lIeTOTHICH MCTHe/EasynomoraeT Boropopktua omo.neTh Pegepo:... H siera CA 6opoTH KptnKo, H Ha/ 30.713.h 6opioutemaca HMa, natiaHaHemaram MbCTHellaBlE 6t 6o aenHK -b H cHneHb Penenst. H peseMbCTHCJIaB: O npesncTast 6orop0mHue, nomoan MH. Aum 6o onontioceMy, cuntoo uepKoBb BO HMSI Taoe.14 ce pewb, yaapH HMI› o aemino. HBbIH3e HO)Kb, H aaptaa Penemo ... H npraue,ob TbMyT0p0Kail10, 3a.710)KHnepKoab CBSITMA B01-0p0,QHHa, H coma io, 14/Ke CTOHTb H J20 cero AlleTbmyropoKaHH (flosecni 1983: 76-77).B 3TOM *e 1822 rogy nyllIKHH pe.naeT Ha6pocKH CKa3KH O Bose, «HO, cypst no npHaegemimm [...] mut-1am, nyma.n paapa6oTaThee matte, — no-aktpHmomy, Kax cKaaosHylo noamy apome PycirallaH IllOPM1111b1» (1936: II, 605). lloama utyTAHao-ipawracTHsecKoroxapaKTepa yxce He ygoaneraopsieT TIO3Ta: 3aMbICJIb1 MCTHC.7IaBa HBOBbl, KaK anposem 14 1103MbI 06 AKTe0He, OCTaIOTCH HeocyutecT-BlIeHHUMH.npSiMbIX yKa3amif1 Ha aambice.n Ilecffif o Befflem Quei -e He }me-

262 0. KPHBOWEEBA MoraeTcsl. 3anHcb, cpe.naHHasi nYIIIKHHIAM B KHIIIHHCBCKOP1 TeTpapai1821 roga, «Oner — B BH38.HTHIO — Hropb x 0.nbra — nOXOXP 16cHH,perenbcmyeT O TOM, LITO 1103T co6HpaJics BOCIleTb HMeHHOrepowlecx.HA noxop KHeBCK01-0 KI131331: «B BH38.HTHIO — 110X0X1».3Ta 3anHcb cpenana 3a ro 1:10 CO3,118.H1iA 68.11.118.4b1 H non HnetaaTneHHemor noe3picH flyiuxma c A. .TI. H B. 1I. orlashimosbaut B KHeB BHHHape-cpespaaie 1821 roga, rpe, xpor.4e sipmapIcH H KapHaHana,no3Ta 3a1iHTepecosana ropa Igexamne, Ha KoTopoft «ecTb *emorana ero H J:10 cero ,LIHH, CJI0BeTb morbina Onbroaa»." inYHKTb13T0f1 3anHcH 6JIH3KH K nop3aronosicam V rnaBbi Ifcropmf FocypapcmaPoccHflcxoro H. Kapamamia:3anoenanix OneroBm. Hamecraie Yrpoab. CynppicecTBo Hropz.Pocchme c.nyzarbBb allerb RAM, ifil Ilapbrpitab. Mlipb Cbrpexama ZIoroBop Cb Hmnepleio. Korancia ()nera. (Kapat.i3HH 1818: I,122).IlpoxopHT, opHaxo rop, npexpe mem 1103T olmi, o6paninca KCK83811H10: OH penxo OCUBJ151.71 B 116BeHHH CIO)KeTb1, MOTHBBI HexorpaB3BOJIH013813111He ero:51nepeaaprisaio aocnommatuisi H Haileioch Ha6parb acxope Hoable: memHaM H *Hrb, nyuia mos', nop crapocm Hauiefl manonocni — xax HeBocnommaillisimía (IlepenHaa 1982: I, 372)nYIIIKHH, 110 48.HHBIM ileT017HCH XH3HH H mopvecusa A.C. 17ym-KHHa M. USIBJIOBCKOr0, pa6oTaeT Hap no3mon Ba4HM (smaapb-HIOHb 1822 ropa), a 1 mapTa TOr0 *e ropa no.sumBeTcsi IlecHb oBewem Onere. Pa3mbnu.neHHH n03Ta Hap repoem BaIHMOM npH-BOART K CO3/JaHHIO ppyroro reposí pyccxoti HCTOPHH — Onera, aTaxHe CJI0B8 KaK, IlepyH, (len°, cupezz, COH, KOCTH, moryr CBHotleTeJ1bCTBOBaTbO .nexciimecxon 6JIH3OCTH rieCHH H BaWIMa.C ppyron CTOpOHW, Ot1eBH,L1H8 14 6.11H3OCTb o6pa3a Onera co6pa3om Merac.naaa. 18 17ecim o BeweM Onere HamHHaeTcH:16 3artHCb c,rieAaHa a KHUTHHeBCKOH Terpami IlyIIIKHHIAM B 1821 ro,ay c rinaHomBparbee pa360RHEKoa.17 «H nAaxamacs monhe BCH rmatiemb seminai, H HecoMa H norpe6ozna ero Haropt, ecce rzaro.ne -rbcH 11(exoainia...» — Hoaecm epememudx mer (11oaecrii1983: 37).18 FI3BeCTHO, 11TO rieCHb o BellteM Onere (ppaaeonormecni 6AH3Ka K mamma) OcmeprH Onera B rax Haamsaemoa lIbBOBCKOR AerortHcH 1972 ro,cla (CM.:Hemitposcima 1949).

A. C. nYWKHH, K. PbU1EEB H CIO)KETb1 LIPEBREB CTAPHHbi 263Kax HblHe c6iipaercil Beil~ anerOTMCTHTb Hepa3ymumm xa3apamB HCTOpifli Focyaapcma POCCHFICK0F0 yriommaloTcsi rioxophiOnera c uenbio nonqiiHHTh cede Hapopm, cocepcTBoBaBiukte cKHeBOM H n.naniBume pailb xa3apaM:Bb Clit,45110ll1He naa rosa (884, 885) KH513b PoccRticiaffi oa.nane.mb3em.new ,BHtnpoacxxx Ctaepsufb H COCUCTBeHHb1X Cb HHMH Pupemwleti. OH no6tniurb nepabab, OCB06001.7113 HXb OTb anacrii Ko3apoaPanomw-ist E...1no6poao.nbHo cor.nackunich naaaTb PoccIsmamb TO *e,4T0 Ko3apaM 0.7Ter yHIILITO*HJ11, rocnoncTao XaHa KO3apCKOTO abBHTe6CKOB H TilepHitroacKon ry6epHim. Ceffi XaHb TIpeMairb, Ka*eTC51,Bb npiRTHocTsix BocTo4Hoti pOCKOWH 14 Ht1-11: H30611.111e TaBp11Ab1,410.111-0BpeMeHHaS1 C13313b Cb 1.1BtTY11/14Mb XepCOHOMb H KOHCTaHTHHO —110.71eMb, TOpTOB.1111 H MHpHb111 HCKyCCT13a rpel..11H yCblIIHJ111 BOHHCKill AyxBb Ko3apaxb, H morywecTao HXb yze K.TIOHH.710Cb Kb naneHbo.(KapaMa3HH 1818: 126-127)B 110BeCTH BpeMeHHbIX JIeT 3T11 C06131THA 011HCb113a1OTCH TaK:Bb AtTo 6392 (884) Hne Oneri. Ha ctsepsuie, m no6t1st ctaepsiw,Bb3.110*H Ha Hb naHb .nermy, H He AaCTb 14Mb KO3ap0Afb 41aHHHJ1aTHTH, peKb: .A313 HMb npOTHBeHb, a BaM He Remy. (loaecm1983: 33)Bb Atm 6393 (885) nOC..71a Kb paniammqemb, pbxa: «Komy naHb naeTe?»OHH *e ptwa: Ko3apoM. H petle mm -b 0.ner: He natíTexo3apomb, HO MHb ,E1aFITe (n0BeCTH 1983: 33)Kax BH101 O, CO6bIT151 3T14 OTHOCLITCA KO BpeMeHH 3aj:10J11"0 j:10 Toro,xorpa HapOR npo3Ban Onera Be1IWM — a Hmemio: uo no6euHoronoxoLa ero Ha ljapbrpap B 907 ropy:npHne 0.nerb K Knessy, HecR 3.naTo, H naaanom, N OB011111, H BHHa, Hacswoe y3opo4be. H nponatua 0.nra — atuotA: 6sixy 6o Ronbe noraHmH Heatmr.nacsi 1...1*HaRwe E...] MHpb ~ha KO actm cTpaHamb, KHRwaB KHeSt. (floaecTR 1983: 36)ii0X0,(1b1 *e MCTHCJIaBa OCylgeCTB.113110TC51 C 11e,71b10 yH14 14T0*eHHAXa3apcxoro XaHCTBa:Ceffi KHA3b, pO*41eHHb1PI 661Tb repOeMb, XOTt/Tb BOBHbl H 1105t,abl:HmnepaTop rpevecxiti npen.no*R.nb emy yHIILITO*HTb flepuBaByKaralloBy Bb TaBprtat. HaKaab nprx6b1 Ko3apowb E...1 rpexii Haca.nHsab nor16e.nH E...1 130*Pb HMIlepaT0pCK1H, Bb 1016 rony npRcTurb Kb6eperaMb TaBpHAbl, COUHHH.J1C51 Cb BOBCKOM MCTHCJIaBa, H Bb camomb

264 O. KPHBOIIIEEBA MOTTAnepsomb cpa*CeHIH n.ntinvi Karana, stmenemb reopristIlyAa. rpelonoa.naAtnst TaspstAoto, yposo.nbcrsosash McTse-nasa owtoto 6.naromap-HOCTII0 H-7114 30.TIOTOMb. — Tatotmb o6puomb nana Kompcxast Liep)sasa(KapaMa3HH 1892: 11,15)Ilyunam Taopmeciaz o6pa6aTbmaeT noxoii McTHcnaaa Ha xaaapH canabmaeT ero c Onerom. Pacumpsisi Ae-romicnoe cicaaaHHe,1103T o6oramaer xaparrepacTHxy KH51351 ()nera: OH npHanexaeT HTOT J1excH4ecicnil maTepHan, KOTOpbIFI 14C110.11b3yeTC51 npx 01114-caHHH MCTHCJIaBa:Ceti KH513b, npo3aannimi4 Y,LIaJiblMb, He HCIMIMUM iipeapartiocreitBOHHCKOFO CelaCTIR: cpa*asch, licenzia no6excpaarb: yIKACHblit AJTAaparoab, CJIBBHJICS1 M14.110CTi10 Kb napo osy n JII060Bil0 Kb BtPHORAippakuit; Beccali/rea H 171fP0Ballb Cb nero nomodlio semocomy oTuycsoemy, entAys ero npassny, 4TO rocyAaph ne 3.naTomb nascsmaerbBHT513eR, A Cb BHT51351MH 3JIBTO ... (KapaM3HH 1982: H, 18)B Remi»3asmAyer neApyr CTOJIb 411BHOPI CyAb6enodemort npoenalknetto sms TBoeH BOJIHbI H cyula nosopnbt Te6eC Aprimi-1°A csoeft ...Bb1, oTpoici-apyrn ...Ilspyer c ppsnicatioio seutstR anerIlpst none seceJtom crasanaOns nommakrr mmysuste .UHHH 6HTBbl, 171e smecre py6HJlHCb OHH ...MCTHCJI3B, •... pozueHHEati 6bITb repoemb, XOTeJIb BOPIHbI H no-6t,am ... YEtepeHHEM Bb CBOeMb BOHHCKOMb CLIaCTill ...», y flym-KHHa Oner :llogrento enaaa — oTpaAa;TIo6ertol1 npoc.nameno IIMRTB0e;:Xpa6pOcTb, HCKyCCTBO 14 ctiacTie Mcmcnasa ...», B Ilecmi tcy-AeCHHIC rosopkrr anery:H npaut, st cTpeza, m Aysaamti satma.nIlla,Asrr nodeesrrens rombi ...floA rpo3noti 6pol-tett Thi ne seAsemb pan;Heystmbdi xpannTenb morystemy Ami.IlTax, mHorHe nembi Mernonasa -reposi, Taxxce xax H ero noxomm

A. C. rIYWKHH, K. c. PbillEEB H CIO*ETbl LIPEBHEFI CTAPHHbl 265nepepa6aTbmaloTcH IlyinKHHum 14 CB313b1BalOTC51 C anerom. 19 B ara-Torpa4le, opHaxo, o6pa3 anera-reposa AaH cHAbHee H KOHKPeTHOO cmepTH He FOBOPHTCA:BHOBb, KaK Ha TpH3Hy, cTpempuubcA Ha 6paHbH HOBOA no6enoh npoc.nameHTBOA Meg co6HpaeT KpoBaBsno AaftbTBoh HeApyr AyKasmA pamaaneH -H TafiHb1 xpapufreAb moryukemy AaHHo Tbl noj 6poHeio He BeAaewb paH.H aeTep B LiaCbl HenorommHo 3HalO, HO BHAKy naAeHbe TBOeB OKOH4aTeJIbHOM Texere 3Ta xapax-repHerma coKpamaeTcH(BbnuenpHsemeHmge CTpOKH He BOULTIH B ileCHb) H KymecHax npez-BeigaeT:Ho npHmemb Tbl cmepTb OT KOH31 cBOeroCpaaHHBasi asTorpacp C OKOHLIaTeAbHbIM TeKCTOM cTaxoTBope-H1451, BH,LIHM, tITO npH oT6ope maTepHaAa BHHMaHHe FlyuncHHanepexAmgaeTcsi Ha IIHCTO menoBegecKHe Kagecum: auleHTHpomaB OKOHtlaTeAbHOM TexcTe cmeigaeTcsi C repoHKH KH513.5I Haero pyluesHbie nEumemisi. 3To cmeuzaHHe Ha6AlopaeTcsi B cueHenpoigaHHA anera c KoHem:MOR TOBapitli, nfoil septibul c✓ryra,PaccTamcm HaCTaJlO HaM apemshTenepb arAbixah! y* He crynx -r FloraB Taoe noarragennoe crpemsi.yremancsi — Aa nolAHH mensiOTMeTHM, LITO CJIOBO «KOHb» B cTpoKe asTorpacpa 3ameHsier-C51 CJIOBOM «Apyr» 2019 Taxoe m3o6pa*eHme nepcoHa*a, amnomaiouiero B celie m meprbt H aTpm6yrbtApyrmx nepcoHa*ell MONCHO yannerb H B cimicax ilyIRKHHa, B 4aCTHOCTH BOcnice o none H padorHHxe ero Banzre.20 Ha nammTb npHxo,c0fr paHHee crmxoraopeHHe flywlcHHa Cpazennbrit punapb,HanHcaHHoe a 1815 rozw, rzie nepenaHa, npoinnaiyrast pOMaHTH3MOM, npm-B$13aHHOCTb KOHR K caoemy X0351HHY — «cpaxcermomy pbalapio»:Bicpyr xonma o6xotan. 4pyr CHAbifOr0 KOHb;B o4ax ropAenHabax nomeplcHyn Or0Hb,OH 6paHHyi0 ronoay KAOHHT.BeCrlegHWM KORMTOM 6beT KAMCHb ,ROAHH,H CMOTpliT Ha JIaTW KOHb sepium o4un,

266 0. KPHBOLUEEBA MOTTACnn,(KoHb)npyr 0414HOKOR.«ToaapHujecxaA modonb cTaporo KHSI3$1 K caoemy Komo» 21 peAaeTaltera yA3BHmum, a npepcicalamie xypecHma abnbumeT y HerorAy6oicHe qyncTaa:0.ner ycmexHy.ncsi — 0,0HaK0 LIWIO14 a3op ompaganHcA pymoti.B manqaHbe, pyKotl onepunic.b o cepno,C KOH5I OH ene3aeT yrpiombitt;H sepHoro ppyra npowanbHoR pyxofir.napHT H Tpen.neT no wee Kpyro11.AymeaHbie paímeHHR Onera, xax 13HpHm, nepepaloTes xlepe3 eroOTH0111011110 K KOH/O, xoTopmn /.1.1151 Hero: «BepHbla KOHb», «ppyr»,«Tosappuip, «nepHbifi c.nyra», «KOHb M0171 peTHabgb, rpe nepecTa-HOBKa npwriaraTeAbnoro KaK H acTamca npHTspicaTeAbnoro me-CTOHMeHHA CHHMalOT ouzyukeHHe abicoicoro CTH.1151 (Cp.: «ppyrCH/lbH0r0 KOHb», «KOHb BepHmfi OAHH», «KOHb peTHBbiti) B Cpa-NeHHOM phluape). B 3TOM n.naHe H peqb 0Aera cooTneTernyer eroqyncTnam: oHa AmuleHa xaxofi-AH6o TeHH pHTOpHKH 14 6JIH3Ka KtPaMHJ11331pH0 -6bITOBOMy CTHJI10.4BORCTBeHHOCTb nocTpoeHHA o6pa3a. ()nera omeaxpHa: COPHOn CT0p0Hb1 — 3T0 repoti, no6epwreAb, CJIaBHMA BOHTellb:CIOLI 1,03H011 6p0HelA TM He sepaewb pan ...H wixo Tpenewer, N cToner3ap»can KOHb penanat — CKOK J1CTOM Ha XOJIM —B3rASIHyn.... H rjianoio CKAOHNAC51...3iecb malie comeraercsi tiermpexcronHida am4)H6paxma C rpexcronHmm, mem BIleam.21 B ccmAxe, xax 113BeCT110, nYII1KHH ocrpo myacrayer H nepe*Haaer orna-JleHHOCTb OT «MHHyTHMX Apyaell MHHyTHOR mnaziocrH» B If3rHalibH CiOn1HOM,icaxcphiti B nHcbMe K 6pa,TY OT 24 Artaappl 1822 rosa 1103T 1111111eT:€11peperash cede, 4T0 J:10 moett flYCTb1HH He 1:10X0AHT HH 0/1HH AppicHH14 ronoC —1LITO APY3bS1 MOH KaK Hal304H0 pellIHJ1HCb onpasparb aneritnecxyio molo MH-3awrponwo — H 3TO cocrosame HeCHOCHO (Ilepernicka»1982: II, 13). B ceHrsidpe1822 roga rlYILIKHH nHcan 51.H.Toncromy: «TM OLIHH H3 acex MOHX roaapmue11,MHHYTHMX ppy3en mimyrHort MJIBMOCTH, BCHOMHHJI o6o MHe. KCTaTH HJ1HHeXCTaTH, ,L1Ba roga H mecrb mecsulea He Hmeto OT HHX HHxaxoro H3BeCTHA,HHKTO HH CTPOUKH, HH CA0Ba...» (lleperificka 1982: I, 335-336) 3TOT cydbexrHaHo-AmpHtiecxHfl3J1eMeHT HaX01:1HT caoe BOTIA0111eHHe He TOJIbKO B 1103THcropoHeCTHXOTBOPeHHSI: troaapHuxecxasi J11060Bb craporo KH51331 Kcaoemy KOH10 H 3a6OTJIHBOCTb o ero cyab6e•, 3ror 3J1eMeHT mor BROJ1Hecnoco6craoaarb cmemeHalo anteHrHpoaxm B JIeCHH.

A. C. ilYWKHH, K. PbIJ1EEB H CIO*ETbl APEBHEH CTAPHHbl 267c ppyroti CTOPOHbl — 3T0 Of5bIKHOBeHHbak Ile.nosex C ero c.na.-150CTAMH, C TIPHCYIIIHMH p.n.s Hero 4yBCTBaMH: cTpax nepep cmeporopmeHne,nepe*HBaHHe, co*aPeHHe:Morytikul Ofier ranoBoro TIOHHiCKylleCtIHK, Tbl JUKHBbili, 6e3ymtihal crapHxlI7pe3perb 6bi TBOe npeitaa3aHbe1220CTHTHYTa51 ncHxo.norHtlecicasi npaspa B liymemibix Amme-HilAX Onera HaCTOJIbK0 CHAbHa, iiTO «... HcTopHmecxasi JIH4HOCTbnpeapawaeTcsi B Hamero codecepHma, a MbI — B ero cospe-MeHHHKOB» (CHnorscxHfi 1909: III, 96):KAHMaT, odpa3 npaHneHmst, Hepa naioT xa*,Homy Hapopy ocodeHHyx)(l)H3HoHommo, KoTopaR doiee H

268 0. KPHBOUIEEBA MOTTApama3HH 1818: I, 102-103). B llecHH:Ha TpH3He y*e Hemanexon,He TbInon cempon KOBbUib odarpHulb11*apxolo xposbio mon npax HanoktuzbiHcTopwieciate peTanil B TlecHm o Bemem Onere c.nyzaT y*eHe cpoHom mAA paccxa3a, a MAR nepepatn4 HeropHmecul sepHof1oxpy*axnnen cpeabi, o6hmaes. I7ecHb Hynnuma BonpHHHmaeTcAKaK «xyAo*ecTaelnibift Bb130B, CTHAHCTIltleCKIlli npoTecT npoTHBxnaccHtlecxoti Tpa,LIHIIHH AHTepaTypHoro H3o6pa*eHHA

A. C. ITYWKHH, K. cI). PbUIEEB H CIO*ETbi LIPEBFER CTAPHHbl 269B 1820 ropy K. 4. Pbxneel3 311aKOMHTCA c H.H. 1-He orn3Llem, n.A.KaTeHHHbIM H O. N. rJIHHKOfi, B 1821 ropy c6AH*aeTcA c A.A.ZieAbaHrom, a B anpe.ne Toro *e roga ,ElenbaHr smpetHraeT xaH-AHAaTypy Pbmeersa B LIJIeHbl «BOJIbH0F0 o611xecTsa ino6HTe.neftpoccHticxofi CJI0BeCHOCTH». TeCHOe odukeHHe C 4. rJIHHKOft, KOTO -phifi B csoe Bpemsi 6b1A aKTHBHIAM riacTmixom oduzecTsa «3eneHaRnamna», c H. Becry*emum, H. rHe,rnmem, pa6oTa tineHos,HanpaHneHHasi Ha pa3sHTHe myscTsa naTpHoTHama, HeCOMHeHHO°n'emano HIrrepecy Pbuteesa K HCTOpHH H K )KH3HH BbI•3310IIIHXCEnioneti pyccxoro nponnoro. Bbncop B CBeT Mei:onoro Toma IICTO-AMI rocypapcma POCCHACK0F0 H. KapaM3HHa ABHJICA TOJItIKOMpnA CO3033.HH51npoH3BeigeHHA Ha CIO)KeTbI H3 )KH3HH HcTopHmecxmxnHu. B nHcbme K B. ByArapmy OT 20 HIOHSI 1821 roga PuneesmicaA:B cBoem ye,i2HHeHHH npoven Si Meesurbdi TOM «Pycckoti staropm». Hy,rpO3HMFII Hy, Kapamaakifil — He 3naio 4eMy 60JIbWe y,LIHBASITbC51,Tinpanarsy nH IloaHHa HJIMnapoBammo Hawero Taturra. BOT 6e3J/e/IKaM051 — n.flop 4TeHHA peBsiToro Tor.4a ( 3buiees 1934: 400).Kyp6claul — «IIJI0,/1 1-1TeHHSI AeB5ITOI-0 "roma», neplitasi pyma 1703Ta:06513aHHOCTb xa*poro mica -rens — 6bITb coareLiecmenninano.ne3num, 1.1 si, no BO3MOACHOCTH »causi Hcno.nHHTb mo.nr celA, npeanprinsUrnopodno no.ribcicomy 3namensnomy crsixoraopny Hemneast4y,narnicam mciopstileciote aymbi, crapasicb nanompixTb B OHbiXcriaanehutne sUlki, no KpalAnell mepe, pocronpkedeLiare.ribneitume nesimisinpepKoB nawsix (Kurees 1956: 364).Pbmees CBOHMH ,aymamm xax 6b1 Bocxpewaer «CnHcoKmeHkrrhim Juomsim», npemAcmeHHull euke B «3eneHoh natone»: 0Aer— Onbra — CBSITOCJIaB — CBSITOIIOJIK — PorHexia — BnainímapYpa.noil — MHXa11/1 TBepcxofl — AmHTpHfi 40HCKOFI HB zyme O>1er Beawil, OCHOBaHHOR Ha lIeT0IIHCHOM paccxa3eHaAeTe Ha ljapbrpam KI131351 Onera B 907 ropy, Phineesa npH-13/1eKna HMeHHO pesiTeAbHasi cTopona )KH3HH KHeBCK0I- 0 KH51351.3cTeTHt1ecKH2 HpeaA PhmeeHa, xaK snpoxiem Bcex pomaHTmcosmexa6pHcTos,6bLn o6paigeH K reposim pyccxoli CTapHHbl, xHaea.nmaTopcxomy TOJIKOBaHHIO KaK PICTOpHLIeCKHX CO6bITHFI, TaKH HcTopHtlecicHx AHn. flepem turraTe.nem pbmeeacxHti Oner — HeAHno, c npiwyuiiimH RASI *14B0F0 tlenoeexa gepTamH, a aner —Haea.nbHbli4 o6pa3 BOHTeJISI, no6epprrenst, oxppicemioro opeonom

270 O. KPHBOWEEBA MOTTAnodembi H c.nashi:Codpan no.mos 0.ner14 c HHMH no.neren rpo3oioHa 1.1,aperpaAcKHB 6per.4114em, Apy3bsil» — peK KHA3b Pomi»repohckHM n.nemeHamwe.n no cywe K 13143aHTHH,Kax B s.lope no sanHam.06-bstTmi3 npaae,wsho4 npeyerthemBepeT KHSI3b PycciciHo B TpeneT ropziort BH3aHTHHH B namsab scem BeKam,flpadan CBOR WHT c repdom PoccmK Llapb-rpaAcK.Hm eopoTam.Ycnexomnoxwaros,s0130.71b/iblacnaBoFi B Tex Kpasix (Pu.nees 1934: 116-118).ZIJIA Pht.neesa duna Ba)KHa He *H3HeHHasi npaBAHBocTB ;tener-Hylowero mina, Onera, a TOJIbKO repoHKa KHeBCK01-0 KH51351: Osers3o6pa*es C gepTams THITHIIHb1MH ;PIA repos — «noseTes rpo-3010», «Crapa51 nbuncoll *a*,sofi does», «PacKssys rp03HbIflCTaH», «B cepnsax ydlifiCTBOM x.napiHum AbiluyT», «3aMbICJIHB npscTyncmenbin», «OdbsTbiti npase,tundm npe3penbeM», «KHA3bPOCCHH», «Bean4h»B 3T02 CBSI3H 01Ier nHIIieH tlyBCTB, OH se nepezcssaer, HecomsesaeTcs, He rosopsT, 3a Hdxsiotaessem (1313a3m-nps3hisa «11-nem, ,spy3bs!», a TeKCT Bbizep)KaH B BbICOKOM CTHJIe.ansi Puneesa KaK pomasTsKa-pexadpsora duna sa*sa npaB-MHBOCTb HcTopmecKoro npeparmsf Ha ceromHfinnulff peub, ocodeHHoero LIeRCTBeHHOCTb Ha csodoposiodssbie ymb1. 2424 B CTaTbC 1825 roga Hecicoxhico mmcxen O 11033HH, He npH3Haaasi HHpomawrwiecKoa, 4114 KnaccittiecKoR 11033HH, PbUleeB 1111111OT: «HCTHHHX51 11033HA BcylKeerKe CBOCM Kcerga duna opHa H Ta *e, paaHo Kax H npasana oHon. OHapalnwiaeTcsir TOJIbl(0 no cynxecTsy H cDopmam, KoTopme B pa3Hbax BeicaxripmaHm efl nyxom apemeHH, creneHmo npocaenzeHH* H MeCTHOCTb10 'maerparibi, rkle 0Ha noRamach». OpHaxo, PbIJ1eeB, 14 B 3TOM ero 3creni4ecKoexpego, npH3bmaer «YHHHTOXCHTb B ce6e gyx pa6cKoro noppa*amisi. o6paTHcbFICTOHHHKy IICTHHHOH 110331414», ynorpe6HTh esce yCHJIH11», 14T06b1 «ocyumer-BilTb B CBOHX 11HCaH1114X H,geaAb, BMCOKHX Kip:3cm, mmcrieR, Be9Hb1X HCTHH,aceri:La 6/1H3K1IX LIC.710BOKy, H ncerga HCAOBOAbH0 emy H3BeCTHbLX» (Pbuieers1934: 373, 375) (noptiepKHyro Hamia 0.K.M.1

A. C. 11Y111KHH, K. PbU1EEB H Clo*ET1311(PEBHER CTAPHHbl 271AnyunGtH npotinia.n 3iy aymy PhmeeHa, 6yrtyltH B CCKIJIKe, H Bnftchme x cHoemy 6pary coodatzu c.negytou(ee:fIyula mos, Kax nepeuecTH no-pycaot bévues? — porntato 6ht Hmaaaiby Hac *ypHa..n Revue des Bévues. M131 TIOMeCTH.11H 6b1 TaM Bb111HCKH 143xprtimx Boefixoaa, no.ny,uHesHyto AeHHruty Pbureena, ero *e rep6pOCCHRCKHR Ha BpaTaX BH3aHTKRCICHX (BO upemst Onera rep6apyccxoro He 6bino, a nBynnashift Open eeTb rep6 BH3aHTHACKHIA H31-1a4HT pame.neHHe HmnepHH Ha 3anaLty10 H Boe-ro4-1w — y Hac *eOH tottlero He 3Ha4HT) (llepenHcxa 1982: II, 23-24)1.103T nepecmaTp}mtaei cBoe npoH3HemeHme nocne nosm.neHltstgymbi Praneesa H x c.notty «utwr» peAaei np}tmettaHae:Ho He C rep6oM POCCHH, KaK HCKTO cKa3an (zwis pH(pmbi K BHUHTH14),ao-nepabot noiomy, 4TO BO apemB Onera Poc. He Hme.na eine rep6a.Haiti PByr.naBmii Operi rep6 P HmnepHH H utameHyeipameneHtle ee Ha 3anamlyio H BociottHylo. Y Hac )Ke OH Hilvero He3Ha4HT (PyccKasl CiapHHa 1884: V, 326).IlylliKHH 71HCail 06 3T02 HeT0x4HOCTH H camomy Pra.neetty,pa36Hpasf Hee}, HHKJ1 Llybi B H3paHHH 1825 I-041a:Tb1 HanpacHo He nonpaum B Onere rep6a PoccHH. apermit}i rep6, CB.reoprHA, He mor HaXOPHTbC51 Ha 1104Te 513bI4FINKa Onera fleionHcatnpocTo rouopiti: Tace noi:leen 1141IT CBOR Ha Bpaiex Ha noxammteno6e4bi (Ilepenticia 1982: I, 450).PhlJleeB 3HaJl od 3 -rofi HeTOL1HOCTH, ORHaK0 He }tcnpatct ee,nocxoAhxy ou He ci-orran 3T0 npomaxom, auer Beffami Hmeei «11e -JIHIO ao36pmarb 406JieCTH corpa*paH 1104BIll'aMH ripe,axos». 25IlyiliKHH 06BHH51.11 Pbuteerta He TOJII.K0 B 3TOR ReTallH — «IlpH-6HJI CB02 11(14T C rep6om POCCHH», OH He 11pHHHMaJ1 AyXa 14 TOHaOmer Phineetta, qa H Hee ero Pymm, 3a mcianotieuxem BoR-HapoecKoro, KOTOphifi «UOJIOH )K143H14», npeaciawnsunich IlyutxHHyHeropHttecx}t .no*Hramti. 3oreimecxast no3illtHH Puneerta c o6Ha-25 A.A. BecTy*en B CTaTbe B31".7151,a Ha crapyio H limavo c.noBecHocrb B POCCHHnitiner o no3re-nexa6pHere: «Punees, C0414HHTe./1b /13, 14 H r FIMHOB HcropHmeclotx,npo6lin HOBYIO rpony B pycckom ermxonsoperee, 1436paa uenmo B03 -6pkgaTh go6.necnt corpaAcilart nozemramH npeiwoe. Arjo.nr CKpOMHOCTH 3aeraannermeHn ymonxiaTh O pocromente ero npolueeper4t1» (17o.asipHasiaBearia 1960: 23).

272 0. KPHBOUIEEBA MOTTA*enno-an,aaxTztiecxofi, rpa*LiancTsennori nonneti pice OTKpbITOHe pamena.nacb flyusanibim. ECJIH B nepnoii apecTa B. PaeBCK0r0rl 03T 14 KOJ1e6a.TICA B pomanTsitiecxom stmea.ne, XOTH J10*HOCTb3T01-0 HirIeana abipncoabisa.nacb y*e 14 B TO BpeMA , xax MbI oTme-THAH mune, TO B 1825 rouy Ily111KHH peuarre.nbno ero oTsepraeT 14110J1eMH31413yeT C pomanTnxamn. cielIa.H5110Cb n.namskixy Phi.neesyno si, npai3o, 6o.nee n'Amo CTHX11 6e3 nnaxa, mem nnaH 6e3CTHXOB» ITHCa.71 1103T A. Bec -ry*eHy (Ileperilicxa 1982: I, 482). Brincbme K Phineesy, tanTaem: «Ox, 3Ta Nine pecny6.nstxa c.no-BeCHOCTII. 3a LITO Ka3HHT, 3a LITO sentiaeT?» (flepenncxa 1982: III,441). H B nacbme K *yxoacxomy IlyWKHH 01151Tb 3ailinuiaeT CB010110314141110:Thl cnpauniaaewb, icaKasi Hezb y Lib1Taii013? BOT Hal Ilezb no33HHKaK r0B0p1IT ne.nbaHr Aymbr Phi.necaa H ue.naT, a ace—n0331451 —Heanonadri (IlepenHcKa 1982: I, 98-99).AJI FlyIIIKHHa Ba*HbI ne a6cTpaxTnbie HOHATHSI, OJIHIleTBOpeimbieB x.naccsitiecxom repoe, He nepe*naankta pomanTstmecxororepos', BonnomaHutero B cede cy6belansimit1 mnp camoro1103Ta, a pice 06beKTHBH131e xapTnnbi )KH3HH tie.noaexa,npxpopb" H oduiecTaa, mnp BO acem ero mnorootSpamn nycTb}D'orma H 6o.nee npo3amecxxx, «npocTopyunibix» xaparrepos,mopcxHe npasbi, 06b14a1 H 110CTyrIKH. OTMeTHM, LITO B 3TOT nepHojiIlymxHH pa6oTaeT nap 50)911COM rOpyHOBbIM, EBreHHeM 0He -THHMM.repox pbuieeacxnx Liym mnuenbi xouxpembix npHmeT caoeroapemeHH, nocKanbicy HX mouo.noru H pexnapaum sbipazalor wiektnaTpnoTn3ma, cB06oxicom06ftsi.B npemnenoann K 3arpann4nomy H3,LIaHHIO cTaxoTHopenHriPhineesa H. Orapes nHcan: 26Pbumea nocTamn cede Heao3mo*Hy10 unally coi-le-mm*4 HeropHecxoronaTpHoTH3ma C rpaxmaHcloimm 110HSITHAMH caoero apemeHH:orcio/2a Bb1111.710 ./10*H0e H3o6paxceuMe HCTOpH4eCK11x JIH11, panHnocTaHoaxm Ha nei::turi niian r.ny6olco c*Hatudicsi C noyrom rpa*-4aFICKOPI26 Cnixoraopemisi K. PEd.neeea. C npexpicnoaitem H. Orapeaa. H3,4. Hcicarulepa,flotuotc, 1960, c. XV. KaK H3BeCTHO, JuireparypHoe HacAeperao Phineeaa,nonsumprimpyercsi a pyccxxx 3apy6e*Hux HlaaHltAX icom.la 50-x, italiana 60-x1"0,40B.

A. C. IlYllIKHH, K. P6111EEB H CIO)KETbi APEBHER CTAPHILI 273arar Jurreparypmaft cnop, CBH,L(eTeAbCTByKnItHfi O pa3.11141-1HH3CTeTlitleCKHX 1103HIZHA jUlyX 1103TOB, B0306HOBABeTC14 C HOBOhCHA0f1 110 110BOX1y llepBOR rnaBbl EBremuz 0Herium. B nHcbMe A.Becry*esa K flyiummy or 9 mapra 1825 roga rAy6kma pacxo*-neHHA mexuy flyllixamgm H noaramH-nexa6pHcramHBecry*eH-pomanrktx orsepra.n He06X0AHMOCTb CO3PaHH14 ranaxaparrepos xax OnerHH, OH He npkinktmaA 06beKTHBH3a1114H HexoropuxCT0p0H xaparrepa cospememmxa:HeT, Ilynackm, HeT, raixor4a He cor.namych, 4T0 noma 3aic.motmeTcR Bnpe,amere, a He B HCHOJIHeHHHI ... A aitzy 4)paHT8, 'computi 1/y1110/4 HTeJIOM npe,QaH MO,Cle — amicyme.nosexa, KOTOpbIX TbICALIH acrpetialoHasmy (llepernicxa 1982: 1,472).Ilyunom cnenyer CBOHM CAO*HB111HMCSI xyno*ecrkteHmgmyerpem.neHmam: OH Hacrakmaer Ha *H3HeHHOM k3o6pa*eHHHHcropktmeculx xaparrepos. I103T 110A0)1(11TeAbH0 ornmaercHnyme Puneesa BoRHapoBcialii, B xoropoti Ma3ena npencramenKaK JIHt1HOCTb CAO*Hail H nporkmopegkmast 3T0 taenosex cn0-co6Hhift 661Tb H cmeinam repoem 14 «norpy*arbcs1 B 6e3/2111)1 rpexaH IlpeCTyllJleHH13». BORHapOBCICILa «HecpazHelmo Aymille Bcex ero,aym, cuor ero somy*a.n H CTaHOBHTCS1 HCTHHHO 170BeCTBO -BarembH ►m, mero y Hac 110t1TH HeT» (IlepenHcxa 1982: I, 463), «CPmneekudm mktplocb — BofiHapoBcxkdi 110.110H )KH31111 (IlepenHcxa1982: II, 30).K. Phinees, onHaxo, KOHIAa m:ken xoporxoft )ICH3HH ocraercH1103TOM-p0MaHTHKOM nexa6pHercxoti BOJIHbI, no3rom-rpa*-PaHHHOM, OH rH15Her, He orcrynasi OT 3T01"0 Hnea.na. 2727 rpazpaHeraertHasi 110331451 PbUleeBa noaiwee aocxpeumeTcH a pyccicoitAwreparype: m: opachi Hacxe,Ennucom no33HH Pm.neeaa MOICHO CMHT8Tb H. Hexpacoaa.H3 critxoraopernin Ha3oaem TIo3ra H rpimriamlifit, a a nome•Pyccxxexceinguithr: 38 o6pa3amit rep011Hb HeBOJIbH0 ampHcoabtaaeTcH H8T8.7901 n0.71-ropyxoaa H3 04HOHMeHHOR ilymbc Phz.neeaa:YxcacHa dyper, 3H310 si,ACH3Hb myza moero,Ilycxatt xce 6ypeT H MOJIHe papocniettero.npOCTH H Thi, mon xpan Pomon.npoorm, HecgacrHbitt xpaPtiH M.. o ropop poxosott,rHemo izapeft... nponzatilCp. y PaLneeaa:

274 O. l(PHBOLUEEBA MOTTA01ICHKy 3Toro nepHona Ily111KHHUM MO *H0 yaHneTb B Ha6pocxaxllpeAHCJIOBHA K Bopmcy ['oppio:3y, cjienanubix 1103TOM 1103-a 1827-1828 romax:Anee,C 1820 roga 63(xtrui yna.neH OT MOCKOBCKHX H neTep6yprmatx o6-liteCTB, A B OAHHX zypHaJtax mor Ha6.11i0AaTb HanpameHHe HauteSiCJIOBeCHOCTH. tiTast*aptcHe cnopm O pomattnume, si Boodpantn, LiToH B CaMOM Acne HaM HaCKy414.11a HpaBHJIbHOCTb H coaeputeHcTaomaccHilecuott ApeartocTitTaep,00 yaepemmitt, 4TO ycTape.nme tpopmbt Hamero TeaTpaTpe6yloT npeo6pameasaut, A pacno.noxatn caoio Tpare,moo no ~meonta Hamero Illexampa, H npstHecum eiy B xcepTay npen ero aarrapbxma tutaccHLteciate einmcTaa 1...) st cTapa.nca 3ameHHTb ce0myCTBHTefibHbin HeAOCTaTOK a Bepnum H306pazcamem JEHIL Bpemeffif,pamITHem HcTopH4ectoix xapatcrepoa H C015b1THA, CJIOBOM, HanHcanTparewuO HCMHHO p0MalITIPICCXy10.Mexuy Tem, aintmaTenbttee paccmaTpsmast KpH1344eCKHe CTaTbH,nomeumemme a xtypttanax, R HaLtan nomo3peaaTb. 4T0 xcecToxo otSmaHy.nest,Aymas4, 4TO a Haweil CJIOBeCHOCTH o6Hapyxuvlocb crpennemieX pomannmeacomy npeo6pa3oBantoo. SI yame.n, 4TO non otSuutmCJIOBOM pomaffnuma pa3ymetoT [...1 3T0 CHJIbHO notco.ne6a.no moto aBTOpcapoyaepeHHocTb. SI HaLliur nono3peaaTb, 4TO Tparenitst m0a eCTbassaxponsum (flyunact 1936: V, 282-283) InopiepxHyro HamH 0.K.M1«AHaxpoHa3mom» 6bLua H lima, o Bergem Omere. CimengppeaHen cTapstilm, H B 4aCTHOCTH, cxa3aHHe O cmepTH 'mei:1~r°Kli.si3J4 ()nera OT caoero K01151, 3aHHMaIOT A0B0AbH0 aa*Hoe mecToB TaoptiecTete A.C. ilymxHHa. CO3AaHHail B MOMeHT nepexotworonepHoma, B nepno,u xpH3Hca pomerrHttecxoro Hneana nona, OHa,npepcTasnmeT co6ofl npoHnegenste OTA11 14a10111eeCH OTnpexcHHx. 3T0 npostmenenste, OT KOTOpOrO BeeT HOBH3H0F1 H BKoTopom «sepnoe H3o6pazemle JIHU, apemeHH» pe.naeT ero'HCTHHHO pomammecialm», paHHHM Ha nyTH K pea.nHerwlecxoti3CTeTHKe. 01-0B0pHMCA cpa3y, 4TO HeAb351 na3Ba-1.h 3CTOTHKyIlywiama peanHonftiecxott, oxmaxo TO, tiro oTI5HpaeT 14 no/2~pxHaaeT1103T B amen 3CTeTHKe B 3TOT nepHoI — aHneTb 11033H10,3a6bma si pomon csoftBOTaTCTBO, nomecTH H 3HaTHOCTb,11'06 C 1994 JACJIHTb B CH6HpH )(ANIH 14CMITaTb cyAb6m npeapaTHoerb...

A. C. flYllIKHH, K. 4). PWIEEB H CIO*ETb1 APEBHER CTAPHH131 275xpacoTy BO acex mHoroo6pa3Hmx N 6eCtl 14C.71eHHblX SIBJleHHSIXpea.nbnon *H3HH, BepnocTb 1mo6paxcenna xapaxTepoa, noAxoTopon 1103T nompa3ymeaaeT «To4Hoe n3o6paxcenne cTpacTettAymeinimx Aunxentnti» HeBOJIbH0 acconmpyeTcsi C paHHHM3TallOM pea.nticTiplecxon acTeTHxkl.ABOACTBCHHOCTb nocrpoenna Onera, B o6paae xoToporo 11H-TaTeJlb BHUHT HeripHeywoe MAR HcTopmecxoro repos' CT0p0Hbl —qyacTaa Bbl3BaHlible npeAcxaaannem xymecmixa, — OT,CWISIeT erooT repos' — «cosepluencisa x.naccmgecxoti ApeBHOCTH». B 3TOMn.nane O.ner npezmocxpauaeT co6oft BopHca rOPy110Ba 143 °AnonmennonTpareinm C ee He TOJIbK0 Icaepingm mo6paxcenitem .111W,apemenn», HO H «pannTnem HCTOpHzleCICHX xapaxTepoaH c06mma»,H B nexoTopon cTenenn Ilyragesa 143 110BeCT14 Ka171iTaHCKa51110(1Ka, B xoTopon OH npeAcTaeT nepeA tufraTenem H xax 15ecnoukaAnmfiMATe*HHK H xax ne.nosex, nomi-munti Ao6po. IIYIIIKHH«yanAe.n xpacoTy B camon AefiCTBHTe.71bHOCTH..., (paapyunia)6apbep, pa3AensumuntA ccpepm npexpacnoro 14 cymero...» (Typeang1977: 3, 243).51,1r3II11OFTA4314.51Ba3aHoB B.1949 BOJT13110e o6uxecrwo Aio6wre.nefi pocagicKoti enowecHoc -rm. Ilerpo-3aaoAcK1949.Bleiorpazioe B.B.1941 CTH/►b Ilywkaula. Moacwa 1941.rpoccmati n.1939 nyunGut. Mocicsa 1939.rypeektx4 A. M.1977 flyunainciasi KoHuenwasi pomarrmama. — H3Becrm AH CCCP. Cepiui.71mTepaTypm H liabiKa, T. 36, 1977, 3.Kapam3wib H. M.1818 HaroplArocypapc-rea PoccificKaro. TOMb I. H3g. wropoe, wonpaan.Camanerepdyprb 1818.1892 Horopisi rocynapc-rwa PoccificKaro, Tomb II. CaliKTb ITereptSyprb1892.Hexpacos H.A.1962 H36paumbie npow3seperms B ,aByX TOMaX. Jleffitiwpag 1962.

276 O. KpHsoufflEBA MoTTAHettoipoacicasi K.A.1949 ❑ecnb o Beuem Onere it fieTornicHoe acaeatme. — YgeHme eanHciat.11eHmirpa,zicKoro rocypapcTsermoro Heziarorwiecicoro micrwryraA.H. repuena, T. 76, 1949.flepermaa1982 flepemicKa A.C.TlyimotHa B meyx ToMax. Moc.icaa 1982.floaecni1983 floaccrH ApesHeft PycH. Jletimirpaa 1983.❑0.1111pHati 3BP-34a1960 fiansipHasi eaelea. Momma-fleumrpa4 1960.Ilymioffl A.C.1936 Tio.nHoe co6paHHe coLummudi B inecTH ToMax. non peg. M.A.1.1stanoacicoro. MocKBa-neptimrpaxi, Academia 1936.1937-49 floJeloe co6panHe col-amo-ma Momma 1937-1949.1949 HanHoe co6paHHe coLimiemiti a ilecsrim ToMax. Mocicsa-llemitirpan1949.1981 Co6pamie coqktHemifi B nec.HTH ToMax. Momma 1981.Hyunom A.C.1953 A.C. flyuncHH B pycmcofi KiniTruce. C6. craTeli. MocKsa 1953.1985 A.C. Hyunom aeocnommamísix coapemeHHHicoa, B psyx ToMax. Mocima1985.Pyccroz.ff craptum1884 Pycacasi cTapicia, lat. V, 1884.Nomea K.4).1934 IlanHoe co6paHHe cnixoTeopemAti. How*. H npHmell.0Kcmatta. 113.11-110 nmcaTe.nen a Iletimirpazie 1934.1956 CTHXOTBOpeHHA. CTaTbW. 04epKH. 40KJIartlible 3anmacH.Mociata 1956.CHnoeciadi B.B.1909 HcTopm pycacon CA0BeCHOCTH. 4. W, sun. I, He,e. 2-e. CaHKTb IIe-Tep6yprb 1909.Chili oTegecma1825 Cblit oTemecrea, 1825.CopeatioeaTenb1825 CopeeHoeaTenb. 1825, Li. 29, KH.1.Tomaweeciota B.B.1956 Ilytteout Knitra nepsasi (1813-1824). Mocicea-Jlemeirpa,e, AH CCCP1956.

A. C. TIYUIICHH, K. 4›. PIAJIEEB H CICOKEThi APEBHEPI CTAPHFLI 277La Pesn' o ve.ftem Olege (Il Canto sul saggio Oleg) ha interessato l'autrice diquesto articolo come prima opera completa di A. S. Pugkin su argomento annalistico;l'antica povest' , rielaborata dal poeta durante l'esilio al sud, costituiscela prima esperienza di narrazione storico-realistica. Punkin, allontanato dallasocietà moscovita e pietroburghese, dal 1820 poté "seguire lo sviluppo [...] dellaletteratura unicamente sulle riviste". Le regioni meridionali — la Bessarabia, ilCaucaso — suscitarono nel poeta impressioni straordinarie. Avvenimenti lontani,antichi, diventano all'improvviso vicini: è nel sud che si risveglia nel poetal'interesse per la storia e per i suoi fatti leggendari.La Pesn' o ve.féem Olege occupa un posto importante nell'opera di Pugkin eassume un ruolo preciso nel successivo sviluppo della letteratura russa. Compostoin un momento di transizione, nel periodo di crisi dell'ideale romantico, ilCanto si distingue dalle opere precedenti. In esso si avverte lo spirito nuovo deitempi: "la veritiera rappresentazione dei personaggi di un tempo" lo rende "autenticamenteromantico". Nel Canto i fatti storici non sono più utilizzati per crearelo sfondo dell'opera (com'era stato, per es., per Ruslan i Ljudmila), ma diventanoparte essenziale del tessuto narrativo. In quest'opera vengono realizzati deiprogetti su argomento storico, prima solo abbozzati dal poeta. La duplicità dellafigura di Oleg conferisce carattere di novità a questo Canto: da una parte c'è ilprincipe-eroe, che torna vincitore da Costantinopoli, l'impassibile guerriero deitempi antichi; dall'altro l'uomo comune con le sue debolezze, con sentimenti nonconsoni ad un eroe: la paura di fronte alla morte, il dolore, la pietà. Lacombinazione di queste caratteristiche permette una presentazione poliedrica,oggettiva della figura del principe e le conferisce un rilievo che la differenzianettamente da quella proposta da Ryleev nella sua doma Oleg VeMij. L'Olegpugkiniano anticipa le figure delle opere storico-realistiche dello scrittore: quelladi Boris Godunov e quella di Pugatev, presentato da Pugkin come implacabileribelle, ma anche come uomo capace di ricordare il bene ricevuto.The "Song of wise Oleg" has been dealt with by the author of this article as thefirst complete work by A.S.Pushkin on an annalistic subject; the ancient povese ,re-written by the poet during his exile in the south, is his first attempt at realistichistorical narrative. Pushkin, exiled in 1820 from Moskow and St. Petersburgsociety, was able to "follow the progress... of literature only in the reviews". TheSouth, Bessarabia, the Caucasus, had an extraordinary effect on Pushkin; distant,ancient events become suddenly extraordinary dose; here the poet carne to therealization that time links everything, here is awakened in him the interest inhistory and its legendary events.The "Song of wise Oleg" has quite an important piace in Pushkin's work,

278 O. KPHBOWEEBA MOTTAand takes on a precise role in the future development of Russian literature.Composed in a moment of transition, in the moment of crisis of the Romanticideal, the "Song" is a work which is different from preceding works, a workwhich emanates the spiri[ of the new, and in which "the truthful representation ofthe figures of the time" make it "authentically Romantic", a work of transition[ending towards Realism, according to the author. In the "Song" historical eventsare not just part of the background, as developme,nt of plot (as they were, forinstante, with Ruslan and Ljudmila), but become an essential part of the narrativetexture. In this work, projects on the subject of history are given, only sketchedbefore by the poet. In the figure of Prince Oleg can also be seen the characteristicsof Mstislav; Pushkin also connects cerlain episodes in the life of thePrince of Tmutorokan' with the doings of Oleg. The double character of thefigure of Oleg gives an innovatory character to this "Song": on the one hand thereis the Hero-prince, who returns victor from Costantinople, the unconquerablewarrior of ancien[ times; on the other hand, the common man with his weaknesses,with feelings out of piace for a hero: fear of death, affliction, pity... Thecombination of there characteristics gives a many-faceted, objective portrait of thePrince (drawing him "in the round", in contrast to the flat portrayal in the domaby Ryleev "Oleg VeWij"). Pushkin's Oleg anticipates the figures of hishistorical-realistic works, those of Boris Godunov and Pugatev in "The Daughterof the Captain", whom the author present as an implacabie rebel and as a mancapable of gratitude.