Working Paper of Public Health Volume 2012 - Azienda Ospedaliera ...
Working Paper of Public Health Volume 2012 - Azienda Ospedaliera ... Working Paper of Public Health Volume 2012 - Azienda Ospedaliera ...
Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”Working Paper of Public Healthnr. 3/2012Title: The Impact of Presumed Consent Law on Organ Donation: An Empirical Analysisfrom Quantile Regression for Longitudinal DataAuthors: Giácomo Balbinotto Neto 1* ; Everton Nunes da Silva 2 ; Ana Katarina Campelo 3 ;Type: Original Article;Keywords: presumed consent; organ donation; quantile regression for panel data;AbstractHuman organs for transplantation are extremely valuable goods and their shortage is aproblem that has been verified in most countries around the world, generating a longwaiting list for organ transplants. This is one of the most pressing health policy issues forgovernments. To deal with this problem, some researchers have suggested a change inorgan donation law, from informed consent to presumed consent. However, fewempirical works have been done to measure the relationship between presumed consentand the number of organ donations. The aim of this paper is to estimate that impact, usinga new method proposed by Koenker (2004): quantile regression for longitudinal data, fora panel of 34 countries in the period 1998-2002. The results suggest that presumedconsent has a positive effect on organ donation, which varies in the interval 21-26% forthe quartiles {0.25; 0.5; 0.75}, the impact being stronger in the left tail of the distribution.1 Professor of Law and Economics UFRGS/PPGE and PPGDir/UFRGS – Brazil;* Corresponding author, E-mail: giacomo.balbinotto@ufrgs.br;2 PhD Economics – UFRGS/PPGE, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil;3 Professor of Economics – UFPE/PIMES – Brazil;1
Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”Working Paper of Public Healthnr. 3/2012Health expenditure has an important role on the response variable as well, the coefficientestimate varying between 42-52%.1. IntroductionThe demand for organ transplants is large and has been increasing over time, and theshortage of human organs is a pressing issue to policy makers and governments. Thisissue has motivated researchers to study the determinants of organ donation rates and themagnitude of their impact on the supply of organs.A particular debate has arisen in this context: the matter of legislative default oncadaveric organ donation. Following this debate, some researchers have investigated therelationship between the type of legislation on organ donation and the number ofavailable cadaveric organs for transplantation, mainly after the successful experiences ofSpain, Austria, Italy and Belgium, which have adopted presumed consent law for organdonation 4 . Under presumed consent law, all deceased people are considered potentialdonors in the absence of explicit opposition when alive to donation. However, underinformed consent law, the donors must give formal agreement to potentially becomingdonors before they die.As it has been stressed by some authors (Fevrier and Gay (2004) and Gill (2004), forexample), neither presumed consent nor informed consent respects the will of populationas a whole, particularly for people that do not register their will 5 . On the one hand,defenders of presumed consent have argued that there are more donations when presumedconsent takes place. On the other hand, opponents of presumed consent have pointed outthat this system is neither morally nor ethically acceptable. In fact, the huge majority of4 Gundle (2004), Gnant et al. (1991), Michielsen et al. (1996), Matesanz and Miranda (2001), Kaur (1998)and Kennedy et al. (1998).5 Following Gill (2004): “no matter how well the current system (informed consent) is instituted, there willstill be cases in which people who would have preferred to donate their organs will be buried with all theirorgans intact; call these mistaken non-removals. And no matter how well presumed consent is instituted,there will still be some cases in which people who would have preferred to be buried with all their organsintact will have some of organs removed, call these mistaken removals.”2
- Page 2 and 3: La serie di Working Paper of Public
- Page 4 and 5: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 6 and 7: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 8 and 9: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 10 and 11: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 12 and 13: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 14 and 15: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 16 and 17: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 18 and 19: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 20 and 21: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 22 and 23: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 24 and 25: Azienda Ospedaliera NazionaleSS. An
- Page 26 and 27: Azienda Ospedaliera NazionaleSS. An
- Page 28 and 29: Azienda Ospedaliera NazionaleSS. An
- Page 32 and 33: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 34 and 35: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 36 and 37: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 38 and 39: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 40 and 41: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 42 and 43: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 44 and 45: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 46 and 47: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 48 and 49: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 50 and 51: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 52 and 53: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 54 and 55: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 56 and 57: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 58 and 59: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 60 and 61: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 62 and 63: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 64 and 65: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 66 and 67: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 68 and 69: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 70 and 71: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 72 and 73: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 74 and 75: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 76 and 77: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
- Page 78 and 79: Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale“SS.
<strong>Azienda</strong> <strong>Ospedaliera</strong> Nazionale“SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”<strong>Working</strong> <strong>Paper</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Health</strong>nr. 3/<strong>2012</strong>Title: The Impact <strong>of</strong> Presumed Consent Law on Organ Donation: An Empirical Analysisfrom Quantile Regression for Longitudinal DataAuthors: Giácomo Balbinotto Neto 1* ; Everton Nunes da Silva 2 ; Ana Katarina Campelo 3 ;Type: Original Article;Keywords: presumed consent; organ donation; quantile regression for panel data;AbstractHuman organs for transplantation are extremely valuable goods and their shortage is aproblem that has been verified in most countries around the world, generating a longwaiting list for organ transplants. This is one <strong>of</strong> the most pressing health policy issues forgovernments. To deal with this problem, some researchers have suggested a change inorgan donation law, from informed consent to presumed consent. However, fewempirical works have been done to measure the relationship between presumed consentand the number <strong>of</strong> organ donations. The aim <strong>of</strong> this paper is to estimate that impact, usinga new method proposed by Koenker (2004): quantile regression for longitudinal data, fora panel <strong>of</strong> 34 countries in the period 1998-2002. The results suggest that presumedconsent has a positive effect on organ donation, which varies in the interval 21-26% forthe quartiles {0.25; 0.5; 0.75}, the impact being stronger in the left tail <strong>of</strong> the distribution.1 Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Law and Economics UFRGS/PPGE and PPGDir/UFRGS – Brazil;* Corresponding author, E-mail: giacomo.balbinotto@ufrgs.br;2 PhD Economics – UFRGS/PPGE, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil;3 Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Economics – UFPE/PIMES – Brazil;1
Change language