nafic msajulTa instituti saqarTveloSi~ ZiriTadi

hainrih biolis fondSi 2010 wlis3 noembers gamarTuli sajaro diskusiaTemaze:`nafic msajulTa institutisaqarTveloSi~ZiriTadi momxseneblebi:gigla gulaSvili _ eqsperti,saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTaasociaciaoTar kaxiZe _ iusticiis saministrosanalitikuri departamentis ufrosikaxa wiqariSvili _ sasamarTloadministrirebis da menejmentisreformis proeqtis xelmZRvanelismoadgile, DPK Consulting. avtoriwignisa: ,,nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo(dasavluri sistemebis mimoxilva)~vaxtang xmalaZe _ eqsperti,sazogadoebrivi sakonstitucio komisiiswevrigiorgi SavliaSvili _ saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTlemoderacia: mindia ugrexeliZe

mindia ugrexeliZe _ mogesalmebiT yvelas. is sistema, romelicTanamedroveobas Seesabameba, jer kidev ar aris Camoyalibebuli da vin icis, kidevramdeni dro dagvWirdeba. amitom Tqveni azri, monawileoba, SekiTxvis Tu kamaTissaxiT, am Temebze msjelobisas Zalian mniSvnelovania. miuxedavad imisa, romkonstituciuri cvlilebebi ukve miRebulia, konstituciuri procesisaqarTveloSi araTu ar damTavrebula, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom axla iwyeba. isgagrZeldeba manam, sanam ar CavTvliT, rom mivuaxlovdiT mainc srulyofilebas,Tumca srulyofili qveyanaze araferi ar aris. gansakuTrebiT vafaseb axalgazrdaqarTvel iuristTa monawileobas am procesSi. did madlobas movaxseneb Cvensucxoel kolegebsac.sakiTxi, romelzec dRes visaubrebT, bevrnairad SeiZleba iyos warmoCenili.es aris gagrZeleba Cveni Sexvedrebisa saqarTvelos konstituciaze. imitom rom,mogexsenebaT, sasamarTlo sistema nawilia konstituciis, da amave dros im axalikanonmdeblobis, romelic amaswinaT Sevida ZalaSi.msoflioSi sami ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi sistema arsebobs. erT-erTi maTganimxolod profesional mosamarTleebs iyenebs. amisi yvelaze TvalsaCino magaliTisaerTaSoriso sasamarTloebi iqneba. meore sistemaa is, romelic iyenebs Sefenebisinstituts da is ZiriTadad germaniaSi gvxvdeba. es sistema gulisxmobs damxmaremosamarTleebs. nafici msajulebi maTgan imiT gansxvavdebian, rom isiniaraprofesionali momsamarTleebi arian da ar sargebloben yvela im uflebiT,riTic sargebloben profesionali mosamarTleebi. iseve rogorc, profesionalimosamarTle ar sargeblobs yvela im uflebiT, riTic sargeblobsaraprofesionali msajuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nafic msajulTa sasamarTlowarmoadgens or sasamarTlos erT saxuravs qveS. erTia faqtebis sasamarTlo,meorea normebis Semfardebeli sasamarTlo. nafici msajulebi mxolod faqtebzemsjeloben, mosamarTle warmarTavs sasamarTlo process da normebs Seufardebs.rac Seexeba saxalxo msajulebis instituts, igive Sefenebis instituts, iq,marTalia, araprofesionalebi arian, magram isini sargebloben yvela im uflebiT,riTic sargebloben profesionali mosamarTleebi. isini erTnairad pasuxismgebelniarian da erTnairad monawileoben rogorc faqtebis dadgenaSi, ise normebisSefardebaSi.ra gza unda airCios saqarTvelom, rom xeli Seuwyos jansaRi, efeqtiani,swrafi da moqnili, samarTliani marTlmsajulebis sistemis damkvidrebas. naficmsajulTa instituts momxrec bevri hyavs da mowinaaRmdege _ kidev ufro meti.isic sainteresoa, ra xdeba msoflioSi, nafic msajulTa raodenobis gazrdis TupiriqiT, Semcirebis tendenciaa. axla ukve momxseneblebs movusminoT, pirvels,baton gigla agulaSvils gadavcem sityvas.2

gigla agulaSvili _ sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi minda Sevafasorogorc wingadadgmuli nabiji demokratiis gzaze da adamianis uflebebis dacvisTvalsazrisiT. ra Tqma unda, erTia kanonSemoqmedebiTi procesi da kanonisgamoyenebis procesi. vnaxoT, praqtika ras gvaCvenebs, magram vfiqrob, rom msgavsitendenciebi Seuqcevadia da imedi maqvs, es procesi praqtikazec aisaxeba.nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTan dakavSirebiT minda movixmo jefriabramsonis, cnobili samarTlis profesoris sityvebi: `nafic msajulTasasamarTlo demokratiis rogorc saukeTeso, aseve yvelaze uaresi monapovaria.~anu, am instituts aqvs udidesi SesaZleblobebi, magram aqvs safrTxeebic. rogoriqneba realizebuli es SesaZleblobebi da safrTxeebi, bevrad aris damokidebuliimaze, vin da rogor axorcielebs am process. ramdenadac CemTvis cnobilia,ramdenime weliwadia, prokurorebi, mosamarTleebi, advokatebi seriozulswavlebas gadian imisaTvis, rom msgavs procesze gamosasvlelad unar-CvevebiSeiZinon. magram erTia treningebi da meorea konkretuli saqmeebi da konkretuliadamianis bedi. cota maSfoTebs es sakiTxi, magram mainc imedi maqvs, yvelaferikargad iqneba. ra Tqma unda, mowinaaRmdegebis mier argumentad moyvanili iqneba is,rom Cven patara qveyana varT, rom es Zviri procesia, rom nafici msajulebi vererkvevian mtkicebulebebSi, sxvadasxva Tanamedrove eqspertizebis arsSi daSesaZloa, Secdoma dauSvan da a.S. TiToeul am arguments aqvs pasuxi. Tubraldebis da dacvis mxare mecnieruli eniT davuwyebT laparaks nafic msajulebs,isini bunebrivia, verafers ver gaigeben. magram normaluri komunikaciis damyarebisSemTxvevaSi maTTvis yvelaferi gasagebi iqneba.londonis centralur sasamarTloSi da prokuraturaSi yofnisas vnaxe, romarsebobs specialuri organo, romelic iuristebis mier Sekrebil mtkicebulebebs,,Targmnis~ adamianur enaze da am saxiT awvdian nafic msajulebs. vnaxe ra SedegimiiRweva amiT da rogori iolad gasagebi SeiZleba iyos Tundac rTulieqspertizebi da saqmeebi.nafic msajulebs `Tavisuflebis guSagebs~ uwodeben. isini arian adamianebi,romlebsac SeuZliaT gaakontrolon xelisufleba da uari Tqvan usamarTlokanonis aRsrulebaze. gagaxsenebT kvakerebis saqmes, rodesac naficma msajulebmaTqves, rom uars acxadeben usargeblo kanonis gamoyenebaze. magram saqarTvelossinamdvileSi minda moviyvano erTi muxli, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 372-eprima muxli, romelic gulisxmobs mowmisa da dazaralebulis mier arsebiTadurTierTsawinaaRmdego Cvenebis micemas. rodesac es muxli Semodioda, iniciatorTaargumentebiT, is gamoyenebuli iqneboda moZalade policielebis winaaRmdeg. anu,Tu policieli cemda dazaralebuls an braldebuls, da igi amis Sesaxeb miscemdaCvenebas, Semdeg xSirad gadaTqvamda mas. am muxlis mixedviT mas gadaTqmis uflebaerTmeoda. am muxlis TvalsazrisiT, Cemi azriT, katastrofuli mdgomareobaa.marTalia, Cemi profesiis gamo ver viqnebi nafici msajuli, magram rom vyofiliyav,albaT vaiZulebdi parlaments am muxlis gauqmebas. profesionali mosamarTleebi3

im motivaciiT, rom maTi moqmedeba kanonieria, miiReben im tipis gadawyvetilebebs,rogoric aris, vTqvaT, ar visunTqoT ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi, Tuki aseTikanoni iarsebebs. magram nafici msajulebi aseT SemTxvevaSi ar dagvsjian. yovelSemTxvevaSi, amis SesaZlebloba nafic msajulebTan ufro metia, vidreprofesional mosamarTleebTan.Tan maqvs statistikuri monacemebi, romlebic gamoqveynebulia saqarTvelosuzenaesi sasamarTlos vebgverdze. aq aris 2008 da 2009 wlis monacemebi. 2009wels ganxilul iqna 15911 sisxlis samarTlis saqme 18778 piris mimarT, 2008wels _ 17978 saqme 21287 piris mimarT. 2009 wels msjavrdebulia 99,6%, 2008wels _ 98,5%. gamarTlebulia 0,1%.maqvs masalebi, romlebic asaxavs Sua aziaSi nafic msajulTa institutissaqmianobas. iseve rogorc ruseTSi, yazaxuri modeli kritikas ver uZlebs Tundacim nawilSi, rom uzenaes sasamarTlos SeuZlia verdiqtis gauqmeba. miuxedavadamisa, yazaxeTSi ganaCenebis 8%-ze meti aris gamamarTlebeli, ruseTSi es procentikidev ufro metia. dRevandel ruseTSi gamamarTlebeli verdiqtebi 15%-s aRwevs.mindia ugrexeliZe _ gmadlobT. strasburgis sasamarTlom amaswinaTganixila `taskes saqme belgiis winaaRmdeg~ da brZana, rom nafic msajulTasasamarTlo am SemTxvevaSi ver CaiTvleba namdvil sasamarTlod, imitom rom iqaraferi dasabuTebuli ar aris.modiT, SevecadoT pasuxi gavceT aseT seriozul SekiTxvebs.oTar kaxiZe _ moxaruli var, rom aseT saintereso diskusiaSimonawileobis saSualeba meZleva. uinston CerCilma aRniSna, rom `saukeTesoargumenti demokratiis winaaRmdeg aris xuTwuTiani saubari saSualostatistikur amomrCevelTan~, rac bunebrivia, rogorc argumenti demokratiiswinaaRmdeg ver gamodgeba, radgan imas, Tu ra aris samarTliani an usamarTlo,gansazRvravs Tavad sazogadoeba. sazogadoeba afasebs, ramdenad samarTlianiakanoni, ramdenad samarTliani iyo sasamarTlo am kanonis Sefardebisas angamoyenebisas. amitom Zalian mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis CarTuloba damonawileoba marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesSi.MmTavari gamowvevebi or nawilad SeiZleba davyoT: gamowvevebi, romlebicukve dadga sxvadasxva qveynebis winaSe, da axali gamowvevevi, romlebic droTaganmavlobaSi warmoiSva. jer axal gamowvevebze visaubreb. baton mindiasdaveTanxmebi, evrosasamarTloSi gadacemulia saqme, romelic exeba nafic msajulTaverdiqtis dasabuTebulobas. mxedvelobaSi maqvs gamamtyunebeli verdiqti, vinaidan,rogorc mogexsenebaT, gamamarTlebeli verdiqti gasaCivrebas ar eqvemdebareba.nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos SemoReba mxolod kanonis erTi an orimuxlis CaweriT ar Semoifargleba. am yvelafris ukan aris seriozuli samuSaoebi,4

omlebic erTi mxriv dakavSirebulia sasamarTlos menejmentTan da am institutisgamarTulad funqcionirebasTan. meore mxriv, saWiroa Sesabamisi dokumentacia.kerZod, nafic msajulTa kiTxvari, romelic dakavSirebulia nafic msajulTaSerCevis sxdomasTan. es aris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi etapi. asevemniSvnelovania instruqciebi da verdiqtis formebi, romlebic nafic msajulebsgadaecemaT. instruqciebi aris dokumenti, romelic mxareTa monawileobiT dgebamosamarTlis mier. is Seicavs zogad nawils da SeiZleba saerTo iyos yvelasaqmisTvis. aseve Seicavs konkretul sakiTxebs, romlebic dakavSirebuliakonkretul danaSaulTan, romelsac ganixilavs sasamarTlo. am instruqciebiTa daverdiqitis formebiT unda aviciloT Tavidan is momenti, romelmac Tavi iCina`taskes saqmeSi~. kerZod, msajulebma mSralad ar unda Tqvan, rom maT sjeraT,rom am adamianma es Caidina. damnaSaveobis momenti unda gaiSalos verdiqtisformaSi da instruqciebiT naTlad unda iyos ganmartebuli imisaTvis, rom naficmamsajulebma am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemiT faqtobrivad daasabuTon verdiqti. esmniSvnelovani gamowvevaa CvenTvis da Cven SevimuSaveT instruqciebi, samodelovarianti da verdiqtis formebi konkretuli danaSaulebis mixedviT dacvis mxarisuSualo CarTulobiTa da monawileobiT.rac Seexeba rTul saqmeebs, vgulisxmob sabanko TaRliTobebs,kiberdanaSaulebs, specifiur sabuRaltro-safinanso danaSaulebs, piloturreJimSi aseTi tipis saqmeebs nafici msajulebi ar ganixilaven, magram maincgasaTvaliswinebelia. am SemTxvevaSi albaT eqspertebze unda gakeTdes aqcenti. racmTavaria, msajulebs gasageb enaze unda ganemartoT, raSi vdebT brals moqalaqes,romelic zis braldebulis skamze. nafici msajulebi am moqalaqis adgilzewarmoidgenen Tavs, braldebulsac aqvs imedi Tavisnairebis. igi elis misisaqcielis gagebas.am axali gamowvevebis garda arsebobs tradiciuli problemebi, romlebicdakavSirebulia nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze SesaZlo zewolasTan, naficimsajulebis mimarT muqaraze, mediis SesaZlo gavlenaze maTze, magram am yvelafersaqvs Tavisi Sesabamisi dazRvevis meqanizmebi, romlebic asaxulia saprocesokodeqsSi. am problemebs yvela erTad unda gavumklavdeT, mTeli sazogadoeba,arasamTavrobo seqtori, saxelisuflebo wreebi.mindia ugrexeliZe _ didi madloba, magram rac Cven gvainteresebs, imazejer ver mivaRwieT pasuxs. amitom gTxovT, konkretul kiTxvas vupasuxoT: ratomgaxda saqarTveloSi saWiro nafic msajulTa institutis SemoReba. saqarTveloSiarsebobda raRac sistema. magaliTa sabWoTa kavSiris dros arsebobda asesoratis,saxalxo msajulebis instituti. es sistema Semdeg Seicvala profesionaliuristTa sasamarTloTi. axla isev icvleba sistema. mainteresebs Tqveni xedva,ratom gaxda aucilebeli nafic msajulTa institutis SemoReba.5

oTar kaxiZe _ Sevecdebi vupasuxo am kiTxvas. zustad da kompetenturadver gamovxatav sakanonmdeblo organos pozicias. es argumentacia ganmartebiTbaraTSi warmodgenili gaxlavT da moicavs Semdeg momentebs: saerTo samarTlisqveynebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli SejibrebiTi procesis nawili, nafic msajulTasasamarTlo, rodesac gvyavs mosamarTle, romelic aris miukerZoebeli arbitri daar monawileobs mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevis procesSi.mindia ugrexeliZe _ magram iq, sadac ar aris nafic msajulTa instituti,ar aris SejibrebiTi procesi?oTar kaxiZe _ axali saproceso kodeqsis miRebamde CvenTan ar yofilaSejibrebiTi procesi. vinaidan, Cemi azriT, SejibrebiTi procesi ar gvaqvs,rodesac advokati mimarTavs prokurors da gamomZiebels SuamdgomlobiTsagamoZiebo procesis Catarebaze. SejibrebiTi procesi arc maSin gvaqvs, rodesacmosamarTle kiTxavs mowmes da mowmis pasuxi aucileblad aZlevs romelime mxaresxels, da mosamarTle uneburad ixreba romelime mxarisken. SejibrebiToba argvaqvs, rodesac dazaralebulia mxare da dacvas uwevs or bralmdebelTangamklaveba da arc maSin aris SejibrebiToba, rodesac mosamarTle raRacmtkicebulebebs gamoTqvams.Mmeore sakiTxi, ris gamoc mniSvnelovania nafici msajulebis institutisSemoReba, aris sazogadoebis CarTulobis uzrunvelyofa marTlmsajulebisganxorcielebis procesSi.Semdegi sakiTxia danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi sazogadoebismxridan pasuxismgeblobis aReba sakuTar Tavze. sazogadoebis CarTuloba arissazogadoebis interesis dakmayofileba, meorea, rodesac sazogadoebampasuxismgebloba unda aiRos.aseve mniSvnelovani sakiTxia marTlmsajulebis sistemis mimarT da kanonisuzenaesobis mimarT rwmenis amaRleba sazogadoebaSi.gigla agulaSvili _ CamoTvlil argumentebs veTanxmebi. bolo wlebissociologiuri kvlevebi aCvenebda, rom sasamarTloebisadmi, profesionalimosamarTleebis mier ganxorcielebuli marTlmsajulebisadmi ndobis reitingi 4%-is farglebSi iyo. axla viTareba SedarebiT ukeTesia. erTxel erT-erT kvlevaSiparadoqsuli situacia iyo _ kanonier qurdebs da sasamarTloebs Tanabari ndobisreitingi hqondaT.kaxa wiqariSvili _ miuxedavad imisa, rom nafic msajulTa institutTandakavSirebiT konstituciaSi cvlileba jer kidev 2004 wels Sevida, kiTxva,gvWirdeba Tu ara es instituti, da ratom Semogvaqvs igi, mainc aqtualuria.ramdenime sakiTxi minda gamovyo.6

odesac Tvals gadavavlebT saerTaSoriso literaturas nafic msajulTasasamarTlos Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac SevxedavT amerikul gamocdilebas,vnaxavT Semdegs. aris aseTi avtori, saerTaSoriso eqsperti nafic msajulTasferoSi, gansakuTrebiT SedarebiTi mimoxilvis kuTxiT, neil bigmari, romelicambobs, rom msoflioSi aris nafic msajulTa sistemis gauqmebis an Semcirebistendencia.mindia ugrexeliZe _ es tendencia yvelasTvis cnobilia, sxva ufromniSvnelovani eqsperti aravin gaxsendebaT?kaxa wiqariSvili _ amave avtoris TqmiT, amerikaSi es instituti imitomaris Rrmad fexmokidebuli, rom amas amyarebs amerikis SeerTebuli Statebiskonstitucia, romelic mogexsenebaT, Zalian stabiluria, aseve amerikeli xalxisundobloba saxelmwifos mimarT. anu, amerikeli xalxi imdenad ver eguebasaxelmwifos dominirebas marTlmsajulebaze, rom mas boWavs nafic msajulTameSveobiT.nafic msajulTa institutis SemoRebiT Cvenc vaRiareT, rom ar vendobiTsaxelmwifos da gvinda Cvensa da saxelmwifos Soris iyos moqalaqe, anu msajuli.ra tendenciebTan modis SeusabamobaSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo _marTlsamjulebis efeqturobis da ekonomikurobis principTan, riskenac midisTanamedrove msoflio. ekonomikurobis principi Zalian mniSvnelovania dagulisxmobs menejmentze orientirebul midgomas. es ki imas niSnavs, rom racSeiZleba naklebi resursiT meti saqme gavakeToT. marTlmsajulebaSi xdebaekonomikurobis principis win wamoweva. magaliTad, aris ramdenime rekomendaciaevrosabWos farglebSi, romelis mixedviTac, saqme sasurvelia ganixilos arakolegiam, aramed erTma mosamarTlem.meore tendencia marTlmsajulebis kuTxiT mTel msoflioSi arismarTlmsajulebis profesionalizacia. evrosabWos aqvs rekomendaciebi am kuTxiT,rom moxdes mosamarTleTa specializeba viwro profesionalizaciis mixedviT.nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo orive princips ewinaaRmdegeba, magram mTavariargumenti, rac am instituts amyarebs, rogorc Cans, aris undobloba saxelmwifosmimarT. meore da Zalian mniSvnelovani, aris sazogadoebis CarTuloba. veTanmxebiim azrs, rom SejibrebiTobis principi nafic msajulTa institutSi gamokveTilia.rac Seexeba TviTon sisxlis samarTlis process, saxelwifom faqtobrivadTqva, rom mas aRar aqvs WeSmaritebis dadgenis funqcia da WeSmariteba xalxmaunda daadginos.SeiZleba bevri argumenti arsebobs nafic msajulTa institutis winaaRmdeg,magram me mainc mxars vuWer saqarTveloSi nafic msajulTa institutis danergvas,imitom rom CvenTan marTlmsajulebis mimarT sazogadoebrivi cnobireba unda7

amaRldes, da radgan amdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi ver movaxerxeT iseTi sasamarTlosSeqmna, romelsac xalxi endoboda, marTlmsajuleba TviTon xalxs unda gadavceTda am gziT avamaRloT ndoba sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mimarT.mindia ugrexeliZe _ didi madloba. radgan avtoritetebze Camovardasaubari, mec davasaxeleb ramdenime mecniers. aris aseTi frangi mecnieri Janprabeli, romlis SedarebiTi samarTali saqveynod aris cnobili. Tavis cnobilnaSromSi `SedarebiTi sisxlis samarTali~ Jan prabeli ambobs: `dRes naklebadgamoiyeneba araprofesionalTa monawileoba, me-19 saukunidan Tmobs poziciebs’’.misive TqmiT, igi `regressac ganicdis~. sxvagan wers, rom `Jiuris SemoRebamarcxiT damTavrda~. es yvelaferi imiT aris saintereso, rom Cven undadavelaparakoT sakuTar Tavs da viRacis SekveTiT ar unda vimoqmedoT.bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva, Tuki Semcirebis tendencia midis, Cven ratomSemogvaqvs axla es instituti. vidre am kiTxvaze naTel, damajerebel pasuxs argavcemT, manamde ndobaze laparaki zedmetia.Semdegi avtoria ieSeki. is gaxlavT Zalian didi germaneli mecnieri da isicigives ambobs.giorgi SavliaSvili _ aq dasaxelda argumentebi, romelTa gamoc sisxlissamarTlis axali saproceso kodeqsi iqna miRebuli. amaze mniSvnelovani ZiriTadiargumentebi Cemi azriT ar arsebobs. kidev erTxel unda gavimeoro ZiriTadisakiTxebi: is, rom sazogadoebas saqarTveloSi uWirs samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobisaReba. adamiani, rodesac xdeba nafici msajuli, valdebulia aiRos samoqalaqopasuxismgebloba sakuTar Tavze. gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg pirnaTeli undaiyos sakuTari Tavis, RmerTis da ojaxis winaSe. amaswinaT Catarda imitirebulisasamarTlo procesi nafici msajulebis SerCevis efeqturobis Sesamowmeblad. CemiazriT, es procesi warmatebuli iyo. nafici msajulebi, miuxedavad imisa, romprocesi imitirebuli iyo, Zalian gulisxmierni iyvnen.Zalian mniSvnelovania aseve samarTlebrivi azrovnebis ganviTareba, racdrouli da saWiroa saqarTveloSi. nafic msajulTa institutis SemoRebasamarTlebrivi azrovnebis amaRlebis donis erT-erTi efeqturi meTodic gaxlavT.xSirad amboben, rom mosamarTlem ar miiRo swori gadawyvetileba, da mas zemdgominstanciaSi asaCivreben. rodesac adamianebi Tavad miiReben monawileobassasamarTlo procesSi, mixvdebian ratom xdeba aseTi gadawyvetilebebis miReba.rac Seexeba imas, ramdenad gamarTlebulia am institutis SemoReba, anrogoria nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosadmi midgoma msoflioSi, geTanxmebiT, arianqveynebi, sadac aRar aqvT nafic msajulTa instituti. magram amisi mizeziZiriTadad is iyo, rom nafici msajulebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi xSirSemTxvevaSi usamarTlo an dausabuTebeli iyo. amaze SeiZleba gamoiTqvas sxvadasxvamosazrebebi. ver vityodi, rom amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi nafic msajulTa8

instituti an ar ver muSaobs. amerikel xalxs demokratiis ganviTarebis erT-erTmniSvnelovan bazisad miaCnia nafic msajulTa institutis arseboba. swored esgamocdileba gvaZlevs safuZvels, rom nafic msajulTa institutma unda imuSaossaqarTveloSi da unda miviRoT is dadebiTi Sedegebi, razec aris orientirebulimisi SemoReba.mindia ugrexeliZe _ didi madloba. piradad me miCndeba kiTxva,araprofesionalma msajulma profesionali mosamarTlis saqmianobaze metad rogorunda aamaRlos samarTlebrivi kultura.kidev erTi SekiTxva maqvs, oRond darbazSi Sekrebili sazogadoebis mimarT.amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sazogadoeba Tuki raimeTi amayobs, es arisdamoukideblobis deklaracia. es aris jefersonis mier dawerili araCveulebrividokumenti, romelic Semdgom safuZvlad daedo amerikis SeerTebuli StatebismTel politikur cxovrebas. es dokumenti aris imis dasabuTeba, Tu ratomgadawyvita cametma koloniam, rom inglisis mmarTvelobisgan daeRwia Tavi.amerikelebi imiT amayoben, rom maT ubralod ki ar ganacxades amis Sesaxeb, arameddaasabuTes kidec TavianTi gadawyvetileba. dasabuTeba aris umniSvnelovanesielementi ndobis asamaRleblad. amitom gekiTxebiT, rodis ufro amaRldebasasamarTlo verdiqtisadmi da gadawyvetilebisadmi sazogadoebis ndoba, rocadasabuTebulad ityvian vinmeze rom damnaSavea an ar aris damnaSave, TudausabuTeblad?axla baton vaxtang xmalaZes movusminoT.vaxtang xmalaZe _ didi madloba. is, ris Tqmasac vapireb, aris im codnisda dafiqrebis Sedegi, rac am sakiTxze mifiqria. ar vapireb avtoritetebismoxmobas. sasamarTlo sistemis mizani samarTlianobis miRwevaa. yvelaferidanarCeni aris is saSualebebi, romlebmac unda mogvces SesaZlebloba, mivaRwioTsimarTlis dadgenas. rogori sistemac ar unda movigonoT, yvelas eqneba TavisidadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. yoveli axali institutis SemoRebas moaqvsraRaca dadebiTi Sedegebi da SesaZloa, man uaryofiTi riskebic gaaCinos. amitom,rodesac raimes SemoRebas vapirebT, unda aviRoT saswori da avwondavwonoT esyvelaferi. SevxedoT, romeli gadawonis da is avirCioT.sayovelTaod cnobilia is, rom nafic msajulTa institutis SemoRebaaZvirebs sasamarTlos xarjebs, zrdis samarTlianobis miRwevis xarjebs da ufroxangrZlivs xdis process. magram piradad CemTvis es yvelaze naklebad uaryofiTimxarea. Tu meqneba didi albaToba imisa, rom am sistemis SemoReba xels SeuwyobssamarTlianobis miRwevas, mzad var, rogorc gadasaxadebis gadamxdeli, es fuligadavixado.rodesac saubari iyo am sistemis SemoRebis aucileblobaze, argumentad iyomoyvanili SejibrebiTobis uzrunvelyofa. mec viziareb im azrs, rom nafic9

msajulTa sasamarTloSi SejibrebiTobis procenti maqsimumamdea ayvanili. Tumca,aqve imasac vityvi, rom tradiciul sasamarTloebSic, procesi SesaZloa imgvaradiyos organizebuli, rom SejibrebiTobis xarisxi maqsimumade iyos gazrdili. imisTqmac, rom am SejibrebiTobis drosac SesaZlebelia mosamarTlem gadaxaros joxiromelime mxares, es aqac SesaZlebelia. aviRoT magaliTad iseTi SemTxveva,rodesac mosamarTle ambobs, rom mxareebis mier moyvanili esa Tu is mtkicebulebaar unda miiCnion mtkicebulebad da unda daiviwyon. magram warmoidgineT, romnafici msajuli var da es ukve movismine, rogor fiqrobT, CemSi ar datovebdakvals ukve mosmenili? is ar imoqmedebs Cems saboloo gadawyvetilebaze?araprofesionalizmze saubrisas gaviTvaliswinoT, rom bevri ramSefasebiTia. kanonSi weria, rom raRac aris danaSauli, magram Cemi cnobierebisTvisis ar aris danaSauli, an Zalian umniSvnelo danaSaulia da is sxva moqmedebiTaris gamowveuli. aseTi cnobiereba ar aris CvenSi? da is ar imoqmedebs verdiqtzexelis moweris dros? da amiT xom ar miviRebT iseT Sedegs, rom damnaSavegamarTldes da udanaSaulo daisajos? imitom rom es piriqiTac SeiZleba iyos.raRac SeiZleba kanoniT ar iyos danaSauli, magram Cemi msoflmxedvelobiTdanaSaulad mimaCndes. ase rom Teoriulad sworia, rom am procesSi sazogadoebisCarTviT is sakuTar Tavze iRebs pasuxismgeblobas, magram ritorikul kiTxvasdavsvam: gana sazogadoeba arCevnebis saxiT CarTuli ar aris saxelmwifoxelisuflebis formirebis procesSi da gana amiT sazogadoebis pasuximgeblobagazrdilia?rac Seexeba marTlmsajulebisadmi ndobis amaRlebas, es kodeqsi jerjerobiTerTi muxlis mixedviT amoqmeddeba. am muxlis mixedviT albaT statistikuradSegviZlia vTqvaT, ramdenia danaSaulis raodenoba. weliwadSi daaxloebiT 25-30TbilisSi. e.i. gamodis, rom nafici msajulebi daaxloebiT 30 saqmeSi Caerevian,danarCen 15 aTas saqmeSi _ vera. ramdenad Seuwyobs es xels ndobis amaRlebas. 90-iani wlebis bolos, roca sasamarTlos pirveli reforma daiwyo, maSindelgamokiTxvebs Tu naxavT, daaxloebiT 2003-04 wlamde ndobis xarisxi sasamarTlosmimarT izrdeboda. mere daiwyo kleba. vnaxoT, ramdeni iyo gamamarTlebeligadawyvetileba procentulad. rogori iyo im periodSi da imis mere. anu, mizezebisxvagan unda veZeboT.erT argumentze ar yofila saubari, magram bevrjer momismenia mis Sesaxeb.is, rom gansasjelsa da xelisuflebas Soris dgas nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo,aris garkveuli garantia imisa, rom xelisuflebis zemoqmedeba samarTlisaRsrulebaze Semcirebuli iqneba. magram ramdenad varT garantirebulni imisagan,rom Tu xelisufleba Tavs uflebas aZlevs zemoqmedeba moaxdinos mosamarTleze,romelsac aqvs dacvis kanonismieri bevri garantia, amisgan Tavis dacva naficimsajulebiT gvinda, romlebze zemoqmedebis gacilebiT meti SesaZlebloba aqvsxelisuflebas?10

da bolos, iseT patara qveyanaSi, rogoric saqarTveloa, CvenSi arsebulicnobierebis, mentalobis gaTvaliswinebiT, ramdenad iqneba nafici msajulebisgadawyvetilebebi obieqturi.mindia ugrexeliZe _ didi madloba. axla ukve SegiZliaT SekiTxvebis dasma.kanoni ukve miRebulia, axla kargi iqneba iseT Temebze saubari, romelic Cvenssazogaodebas daexmareba am procesSi CarTvaSi.Tako faradaSvili, Jurnali `liberali~ _ rogorc cnobilia,sazogadoebaSi arsebobs garkveuli Temebis mimarT winaswarganwyobebi. magaliTadhomoseqsualebis, ieRovelebis mimarT. ramdenad iqneba gansasjeli daculi imisgan,rom nafic msajulTagan vinmem gadawyvetilebis miRebisas ar ixelmZRvanelos aseTiwinaswarganwyobebiT.meore SekiTxva exeba ganaTlebis dones. rogor unda gansajon naficmamsajulebma aseTi rTuli sakiTxebi.aseve mainteresebs, qveynebSi, sadac amcireben nafic msajulTa ricxvs, ragaxda amisi mizezi?giorgi SavliaSvili _ aseTi sakiTxebi unda gamoikveTos nafic msajulTaSesarCev sxdomaze. am sxdomaze pasuxis gacemis dros adamianebi valdebulebi arianiyvnen gulwrfelebi da obieqturebi. SemTxveviTi SerCevis wesiT SerCeuladamianebs egzavnebaT kiTxvari, romelsac pasuxi unda gascen. maTi pasuxebisgacnobis Semdeg orive mxares aqvs ufleba am adamianis midrekilebebis gamo misiacileba moiTxovos. es acileba SeiZleba iyos dausabuTebeli.oTar kaxiZe _ Tu braldebuls ar unda nafici msajulebi, veravindaaZalebs, rom misi saqme naficma msajulebma ganixilon. garda amisa, naficimsajulebis korpusi pirdapir saxlidan ar modis sasamarTloze. isini jereswrebian SesarCev sxdomas, sadac mxareebi sruli SejibrebiTobis pirobebSiutareben maT gamokiTxvas.giorgi CxeiZe _ Cemi SekiTxva exeba mosamarTles. Zalian bevrs saubrobennafici msajulebis rolze da Zalian mcires mosamarTlis rolze am procesSi. amTemaze ar msjeloben. me Tu mkiTxavT, mosamarTlis roli izrdeba. TumcasaqarTveloSi dRes iuristebis umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom mosamarTlis rolimcirdeba.CemTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso iqneboda uzenaesi sasamarTlosmosamarTlis mosazreba am sakiTxze.giorgi SavliaSvili _ geTanxmebiT, xSirad gaigonebT imis Sesaxeb, romaxali saproceso kodeqsiT mosamarTlis roli dakninebulia. magram Tu amsakiTxebs CavuRrmavdebiT, vnaxavT, rom izrdeba mosamarTlis pasuxismgebloba da11

Sesabamisad, rolic. misi pasuxismgebloba pirvel rigSi imiT izrdeba, rom manunda uzrunvelyos SejibrebiTobis principis dacva.gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom mas Zalian mcire dro aqvs imisTvis, romnafic msajulTa kandidatebs da SemdgomSi ukve nafic msajulebs miscessamarTlebrivi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb aucilebeli ganmartebebi.giga Wkadua, studenti _ mainteresebs, ramdenad aris daculi naficimsajuli zewolisgan da meore, Tu aris cnobili imis Sesaxeb, rom nafic msajulsangarebis mizniT gamoeyenebinos esa Tu is verdiqti.oTar kaxiZe _ nafici msajulis mimarT ganxorcielebuli muqara an misisicocxlis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli nebismieri qmedeba umkacresad iqneba dasjili. ammimarTulebiT sisxlis samarTlis politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebSi,romlebic daamtkica iusticiis ministrma, xazgasmulia, rom nafici msajulis annafici msajulobis kandidatis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli nebismieri moqmedebaumkacresad iqneba dasjili, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin ganaxorcielebs am qmedebas,xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli Tu sxva dainteresebuli piri. amave dros iseverogorc mosamarTlesTan, nafic msajulTanac komunikacia saqmesTan dakavSirebiTakrZalulia.vaxtang xmalaZe _ me gansxvavebuli mosazreba maqvs. Cemi azriT, imgaremoSi, romelSic vcxovrobT, nafici msajulis dacvis xarisxi Zalian dabalia.ar vgulisxmob mxolod xelisuflebis mxridan zemoqmedebas. es SeiZleba iyosmezobeli, naTesavi, axlobeli. dameTanxmebiT, rac unda maRali iyos sanqcianebismier danaSaulze, ar gvicavs imisagan, rom es danaSauli mainc moxdes. aseve,isic, rom nafic msajulze zemoqmedeba dasjadia, ar gvicavs imisgan, rom aseTzemoqmedebas ar hqondes adgili.kavkasiis media skolis studenti _ yofil patimars Tu aqvs ufleba gaxdesnafici msajuli?mindia ugrexeliZe _ amaze pasuxi cxadia. is, rom odesRac patimari iyavi,arafers niSnavs, sasjelis moxdis Semdeg aseTi adamiani uTanabrdeba sxvamoqalaqeebs, xdeba misi resocializacia da mosamarTlec SegiZlia gaxde, araTunafici msajuli.kavkasiis media skolis studenti _ Tuki sasamarTlo ganixilavs imavetipis saqmes, ris gamoc aqvs sasjeli moxdili am adamians, maSin rogor iqcevian?mindia ugrexeliZe _ ra Tqma unda, aseT SemTxvevaSi ar aris sasurveli amadamianma miiRos monawileoba procesSi.oTar kaxiZe _ es aris erT-erTi pirdapiri safuZveli am pirisacilebisTvis.12

maia xuciSvili, `axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia~ _ miuxedavad imisa, romsaxelmwifos mier moqalaqeebisTvis nafic msajulTa institutis Sesaxebdarigebul bukletebSi Zalian kargad aris ganmartebuli es procesi, moqalaqeebimainc xSirad gvekiTxebian, gavrceldeba Tu ara nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo maTmimarT damdgar ganaCenze.batonma oTarma Tqva, rom mosamarTlis mxridan naTlad unda iyos axsniliintruqciebi. magram ra garantia gvaqvs, rom nafici msajulebi swored ise gaigebenTqvens naTqvams, rogorc etyviT?oTar kaxiZe _ garantiebi, ra Tqma unda, ar gvaqvs. Tumca intruqciebimuSavdeba mxareTa monawileobiT, CarTulobiT.giorgi CifCiuri, `saqarTvelos axalgazrda konstitucionalistTaasociacia~ _ Cemi azriT, yvelaze seriozuli riski imaSi mdgomareobs, romiuristebs ufro metad movuwodebT gaxdnen kargi oratorebi da araprofesionalebi. vinc kargi oratori iqneba, is moigebs Tormeti nafici msajulisguls.mindia ugrexeliZe _ es absoluturad gasagebi da realizebuli safrTxeada araerTi magaliTis moyvanac SeiZleba. mWevrmetyvelebis ganviTarebamWeSmaritebis dadgenas SeiZleba SeuSalos kidec xeli.maia xuciSvili, `axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia~ _ SekiTxva maqvs naficmsajulTa socialur garantiebTan dakavSirebiT. kanonSi Cadebulia, rom sajarosamsaxuris warmomadgenlebs unarCundebaT samsaxuric da anazRaurebac. magram esar aris gaTvaliswinebuli kerZo seqtoris SemTxvevaSi. xom ar irRveva amiTadamianis uflebebi?mindia ugrexeliZe _ am sakiTxze iyo ganmartebebi. ra Tqma unda,sirTuleebi iqneba, gansakuTrebiT roca saqme kerZo seqtors exeba. rasakvirvelia,saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos aseTi sakiTxebi kerZo seqtorTan mimarTebaSic.oTar kaxiZe _ SesaZloa momzaddes kanonproeqti, romlis mixedviTac, iseverogorc rezervists unarCundeba samsaxuri, SeunarCundes igi nafic msajulsac.minda im dazRvevis meqanizmebze visaubro, romlebic kodeqsSi devs. batonmavaxtangma aRniSna, ra xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac nafici msajuli Seityobsmtkicebulebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, magram es dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa. kodeqsSidevs norma, romelic aZlevs mosamarTles saSualebas gaauqmos gamamtyunebeliverdiqti, Tu igi mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas ewinaaRmdegeba. anu, braldebulisinteresebi aqac daculia.13

vaxtang xmalaZe _ me vgulisxmobdi mtkicebulebas, romelic braldebulisgamarTlebisTvis aris wardgenili da mosamarTlem igi dauSvebel mtkicebulebadcno.oTar kaxiZe _ Tu kanonis darRveviT aris mopovebuli gamamarTlebelimtkicebuleba, is mainc dasaSvebad CaiTvleba. am SemTxvevaSi braldebuliskanonieri interesebia amosavali wertili. rodesac braldebuli iseTiavtoritetia, SeuZlebelia miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelyofa, saqmis ganmxilvelisasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, aseve uzenaesi sasamarTlos TavmjdomarisTanxmobiT, SesaZlebelia, aseT saqmeze saerTod ar Catardes nafic msajulTasasamarTlo da saqme mosamarTlem ganixilos.yvelaze mniSvnelovani kritika dRes batoni vaxtangisgan movismine, rodesacman dasva kiTxva, ratom unda exebodeT nafic msajulebs mxolod 109-e muxli.imitom rom logikurad sazogadoebisgan unda modiodes iniciativa, rom yvelamuxlze vrceldebodes nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo.xelisuflebas aRmoaCnda politikuri neba, rom marTlmsajulebisaRsrulebaSi CarTos sazogadoeba da sazogadoebam es aucileblad unda gamoiyenos,unda moiTxovos misi gavrceleba sxva muxlebzec, sxva raionebzec. Cven vawarmoebTcnobierebis amaRlebis kampanias da Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobis86% dadebiTad aris ganwyobili am institutis mimarT, 40%-mde mosaxleobisaTavad aris mzad, rom iyos nafici msajuli. es aris damoukidebeli socoilogiurikompaniis mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebi da adasturebs am kampaniisefeqturobas. imeds gamovTqvam, rom es instituti warmatebiT imuSavebs TqvenimonawileobiT da daxmarebiT.mindia ugrexeliZe _ didi madloba Cvens momxseneblebs. diskusiadasrulebulia.14