1. konkursi 2. auqcioni 3. ijara-gamosyidva 4. pirdapiri miyidva ...
1. konkursi 2. auqcioni 3. ijara-gamosyidva 4. pirdapiri miyidva ... 1. konkursi 2. auqcioni 3. ijara-gamosyidva 4. pirdapiri miyidva ...
- Page 2 and 3: Sinaarsi Sesavali .................
- Page 4 and 5: privatizaciis arsi da saerTaSoriso
- Page 6 and 7: xasiaTdeboda, ramac qvyanaSi transf
- Page 8 and 9: privatizaciis procesis maregulirebe
- Page 10 and 11: ganacxadebis wardgena Semosuli gana
- Page 12 and 13: myidvels, romelic gadaixdida met Ta
- Page 14 and 15: ganmartebas: investiciad miiCneva y
- Page 16 and 17: privatizaciis procesSi arsebuli pro
- Page 18 and 19: informacia privatizaciis procesis m
- Page 20 and 21: cxrili 2. mcire sawarmoebis privati
- Page 22 and 23: saqarTvelos saxelmwifo qonebis priv
- Page 24 and 25: alternativebi kriteriumebi alternat
- Page 26 and 27: problemebis gadaWris gzebi da rekom
- Page 28 and 29: daskvna saqarTvelosa da sxva postso
- Page 30: kvleva ganxorcielda saqarTvelos axa
Sinaarsi<br />
Sesavali ..........................................................................................................................................3<br />
privatizaciis arsi da saerTaSoriso gamocdileba............................................4<br />
privatizaciis procesis maregulirebeli<br />
sakanonmdeblo baza.................................................................................................................8<br />
privatizaciis formebi ............................................................................................................................... 8<br />
sasoflo_sameurneo miwebis privatizeba............................................................................ 12<br />
sainvesticio saqmianoba..........................................................................................................................13<br />
privatizaciis procesSi arsebuli problemebi......................................................16<br />
informacia privatizaciis procesis<br />
mimdinareobis Taobaze ........................................................................................................18<br />
alternativebi.....................................................................................................................................................24<br />
problemebis gadaWris gzebi da rekomendaciebi.....................................................26<br />
daskvna ............................................................................................................................................28<br />
informaciis wyaroebi ..........................................................................................................29
Sesavali<br />
sabazro ekonomikis formireba da efeqturi muSaoba warmoudgenelia<br />
kerZo sakuTrebis arsebobis gareSe. amis safuZvels, kerZo sakuTrebis<br />
institutis damkvidrebisa da investirebisaTvis xelSemwyobi pirobebis<br />
SeqmnasTan erTad, saxelmwifo qonebis gankerZoeba warmoadgens.<br />
kerZo seqtoris warmoSoba saqarTveloSi sakanonmdeblo wesiT iyo<br />
uzrunvelyofili, jer kanoniT `sakuTrebis Sesaxeb”, xolo Semdeg kanoniT<br />
`saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis Sesaxeb”, ramac didi gasaqani misca ara<br />
mxolod arsebul saxelmwifo sawarmoTa gardaqmnas kerZo sawarmoebad,<br />
aramed axal kerZo sawarmoTa gaxsnasac.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom kerZo sawarmoTa seqtori zrdis tempebiT xasiaTdeba.<br />
swored kerZo sakuTreba warmoadgens sabazro ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi,<br />
maT Soris saqarTveloSic, samewarmeo saqmianobis ZiriTad Sinaarssa da<br />
mamoZravebel Zalas. es ukanaskneli ki qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis<br />
aucilebeli winapirobaa. kerZo seqtoris ganviTarebis potenciali im<br />
faqtidan gamomdinareobs, rom sawarmoTa yvela tipidan yvelaze metad<br />
kerZo seqtoria motivirebuli maqsimalurad iswrafos mogebis gazrdisaken.<br />
amdenad, privatizebis aucilebloba, rogorc wesi, gamowveulia sxvadasxva<br />
mizezebiT, maT Soris saxelmwifo sawarmoebis efeqtianobis amaRlebis<br />
obieqturi saWiroebiT.<br />
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, kerZo<br />
sakuTrebis damkvidreba da gardamaval periodSi saxelmwifo qonebis<br />
privatizeba ekonomikis gajansaRebis aucilebeli pirobaa.<br />
amrigad, privatizeba saqarTveloSi mimdinare sakmaod aqtualuri da<br />
saintereso procesia, magram imisaTvis, rom man ar miiRos `prixvatizaciis”<br />
anu saxelmwifo qonebis mitacebis saxe, aucilebelia misi kanonierad da<br />
sworad warmarTva, amisaTvis ki saWiroa: korufciis aRmofxvra, gamarTuli<br />
da liberaluri sakanonmdeblo baza da kargad gaTvlili ekonomikuri<br />
politika.<br />
3
privatizaciis arsi da saerTaSoriso gamocdileba<br />
qveyanaSi mimdinare ekonomikis transformaciuli procesis erT-erT<br />
umTavres Sedegs kerZo seqtoris Camoyalibeba da mewarmeobis ganviTareba<br />
warmoadgens. aRniSnuli ekonomikuri movlenis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovan<br />
rols privatizaciis procesi asrulebs.<br />
saqarTveloSi, sadac mTavar miznad dasaxuli iyo socialisturi<br />
sazogadoebrivi sistemis demontaJi da kapitalisturi sistemis damkvidreba,<br />
transformaciis zogadi meqanizmi Semdegi ZiriTadi moTxovnebiT xasiaTdeba:<br />
mTavari obieqturi faqtori iyo is, rom socialisturma sameurneo sistemam<br />
ver uzrunvelyo progresis saTanado done, warmoebis saWiro efeqtianoba,<br />
momgebianoba, konkurentunarianoba, Semosavlebi, danazogebi, investiciuri<br />
aqtivoba, ganviTarebis maRali tempi da Sesabamisad, adamianis mzardi<br />
moTxovnebis dakmayofileba, cxovrebis saTanado done da xarisxi. am<br />
faqtorebis moqmedebam gamoiwvia adamianis ekonomikuri interesebis<br />
yoveldRiuri SeuTavsebloba moqmedi sistemis interesebisadmi sameurneo<br />
cxovrebis yvela dargSi.<br />
transformaciis dros TandaTan sakuTrebis sferoSic yalibdeba axali<br />
ekonomikuri urTierTobebi. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom TiTqmis yvela qveyanam,<br />
romelTa erovnul meurneobaSi saxelmwifo seqtori dominirebul rols<br />
asrulebs, xolo kerZo seqtori metismetad SezRudulia, ekonomikur<br />
sferoSi marcxi ganicada. aqedan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom ekonomikaSi<br />
saxelmwifo seqtoris arseboba metyvelebs imaze, rom am qveyanaSi<br />
ekonomikuri ganviTareba dabal donezea, vidre klasikur kapitalistur<br />
qveyanaSi.<br />
saqarTveloSi kerZo seqtori umTavresad privatizebuli mcire da saSualo<br />
sawarmoebisagan Sedgeba. isini arcTu didi xania, rac damoukidebel<br />
funqcionirebas Seudgnen amitom cxadia, Tu raoden didi Zalisxmevaa<br />
saWiro kerZo seqtoris Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. marTalia, kerZo<br />
seqtoris Camoyalibeba friad rTuli da kompleqsuri problemaa, magram<br />
misi daCqareba saqarTvelosaTvis sasicocxlod aucilebelia. sxvanairad<br />
qveyana socialur-ekonomikuri CamorCenilobis daZlevas ver SeZlebs.<br />
privatizaciis aucilebloba, rogorc wesi, gamowveulia Semdegi ZiriTadi<br />
mizezebiT: saxelmwifo sawarmoebis SedarebiT dabali efeqtianobiTa da<br />
warmoebis efeqtianobis amaRlebis obieqturi saWiroebiT; kerZo sakuTrebis<br />
damkvidrebis moTxovniT; sabazro ekonomikis Camoyalibebis aucileblobiT,<br />
radgan mis gareSec SeuZlebelia qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTareba da<br />
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSenebloba.<br />
privatizacia xels uwyobs mwarmoeblurobis amaRlebas, konkurenciis<br />
gaZlierebas da sxva, rac saboloo jamSi iwvevs qveynis ekonomikis<br />
efeqtianobis amaRlebas. privatizaciis erT-erT upiratesobad iTvleba is,<br />
rom igi qmnis konkurentul garemos, rac uzrunvelyofs warmoebis zrdas<br />
da saxelmwifo struqturebis monopolisturi gavlenisagan bazris dacvas.<br />
privatizaciis mniSvneloba im faqtidanac gamomdinareobs, rom ekonomikur<br />
obieqtebs patroni gamouCndebaT, romlebic Tavad izruneben maT<br />
4
perspeqtiul muSaobaze, vinaidan dafinansebis gareSe myofi saxelmwifo<br />
sawarmoebi umZimes mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda da maTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />
nawili gaZarcva-ganadgurebas ver gadaurCa. saxelmwifo arCevanis winaSe<br />
dgas upatronos, daafinansos isini an gadasces maT, vinc amas SeZlebs.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi privatizaciis procesi sakmaod<br />
intensiurad mimdinareobs, igi jer kidev daumTavrebelia. aqedan gamomdinare<br />
mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaTvaliswineba. privatizeba,<br />
rogorc sakuTrebis formis gardaqmnis xerxi, mraval qveyanaSi<br />
xorcieldeba.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom postsocialistur qveynebSi damaxasiaTebeli iyo<br />
privatizaciis Semdegi tipebi:<br />
• zomierad radikaluri<br />
• radikaluri<br />
• evoluciuri<br />
zomierad radikaluri privatizaciis magaliTebia CexeTi, ungreTi,<br />
slovakeTi, bulgareTi. aq wydeboda erTdroulad ori amocana: erTis mxriv<br />
iyo swrafi privatizaciis ganxorcieleba, meores mxriv, ki aqcenti<br />
investiciebisa da teqnologiuri modernizaciis pirobebze keTdeboda.<br />
yvelaze ufro samarTliani da socialurad zomieri aRmoCnda kuponuri<br />
privatizebis Cexoslovakiuri gamocdileba, romelic ganxocielda 1991<br />
wlidan. qveynis yvela srulwlovanma moqalaqem miiRo saxelobiTi sakupone<br />
wignaki, romelic ar eqvemdebareboda yidva-gayidvas. maT mflobelebs<br />
SeeZloT investiciuri fondebis meSveobiT dauflebodnen aqciebis pakets<br />
70 000 kronis, anu daaxloebiT 2800 aSS dolaris nominaluri RirebulebiT.<br />
kuponuri privatizeba sakuTrebis sakmaod farTod gabnevis saSualebas<br />
iZleva mosaxleobis sxvadasxva fenaSi. es ki mesakuTreTa klasis<br />
Camoyalibebasa da didi privatizebis kriminalizaciis Tavidan acilebas<br />
uwyobs xels.<br />
zomierad radikaluri tipi gulisxmobs swrafi privatizaciis<br />
ganxorcielebasTan erTad investiciebisa da swrafi<br />
modernizaciis SeTavsebas.<br />
ekonomikuri efeqtianobis TvalsazrisiT, privatizeba yvelaze ufro<br />
Sedegiani aRmoCnda poloneTSi. misTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo privatizebis<br />
radikaluri, swrafi ganxorcieleba kerZo pirebisaTvis, maT Soris ucxoeli<br />
investorebisaTvis, saxelmwifo qonebis miyidvis gziT. 90-iani wlebis<br />
dasawyisSi 8000 sawarmodan privatizebuli iyo 1150. danarCeni 5000 gadaeca<br />
saprivatizebo uwyebas, romelic Tavisi saxsrebiT Tavad axorcielebda<br />
sanirebas, rentabelobis amaRlebis momdevno etapze privatizaciis<br />
gacilebiT ufro maRal fasad Catarebis mizniT. 1995 wlidan dawyebuli am<br />
sawarmoebis aqciebis gayidva mimdinareobda etapobrivad, Tavdapirvelad<br />
gaiyida 413 sawarmos aqciebi. aqciebi iyideba naRd fulze an<br />
saprivatizacio serTifikatebze. uperspeqtivobis gamo swrafad daixura<br />
danarCeni 2000 sawarmo, ramac umuSevrobis mkveTri zrda gamoiwvia. amitom<br />
poloneTSi privatizeba socialuri Tanasworobis TvalsazrisiT, naklebad<br />
mimzidveli aRmoCnda, Tumca igi kapitalis realuri dagrovebiTac<br />
5
xasiaTdeboda, ramac qvyanaSi transformaciuli krizisis SedarebiT<br />
swrafad daZlevas Seuwyo xeli.<br />
radikaluri tipi iTvaliswinebs sawarmoebis rac SeiZleba<br />
swrafad <strong>miyidva</strong>s kerZo pirebisaTvis, maT Soris ucxoeli<br />
investorebisaTvis.<br />
saqarTveloSi privatizaciis procesi ZiriTadad rusuli scenariT<br />
xorcieldeboda, amitom sainteresoa ruseTis gamocdileba.<br />
ruseTSi privatizeba radikaluri iyo, Tumca igi TaviseburebiTac<br />
gamoirCeva. Tavdapirvelad aq “mcire privatizeba” ganxorcielda, mcire<br />
sawarmoebis 70% gaiyida auqcionebsa da konkursebze. “ didi privatizeba”<br />
am periodSi upiratesad usasyidlod, saprivatizacio vauCerebis<br />
saSualebiT Catarda. msxvili sawarmoebi jer saaqcio sazogadoebebad<br />
Camoyalibda, Semdeg vauCerebze gaiyida. amasTan, didi SeRavaTebiT<br />
sargeblobdnen sawarmoTa muSebi, romlebic usasyidlod an SeRavaTebiT<br />
daeuflnen aqcioneruli kapitalis 40-51%-s.<br />
1994 wlidan xorcieldeboda privatizaciis meore etapi. sawarmoTa<br />
aqciebis SeZena mxolod fulze xdeboda, Tumca igi neli tempiT<br />
mimdinareobda, mosaxleobis mcire msyidvelobiTunarianobis gamo. amasTan,<br />
`mcire privatizebiT~ ver miaRwies mTavar ekonomikur da socialur mizans-<br />
SeeqmnaT Zlieri saSualo klasi. amitom, ruseTSi kvlav mwvavea<br />
umuSevrobis problema. misi gadawyveta mxolod mcire sawarmoTa qselis<br />
gafarToebiT SeiZleba.<br />
kidev ufro winaaRmdegobrivi aRmoCnda msxvili privatizaciis Sedegebi.<br />
sawarmoebis gayidva mcire fasad xdeboda, Sesabamisad saxelmwifo<br />
biujetma mniSvnelovani Semosavlebi dakarga. amrigad, privatizeba ruseTSi<br />
upiratesad usasyidlod da SeRavaTebiT ganxorcielda, amitom igi realuri<br />
kapitalis dagrovebiT ar xasiaTdeboda da ekonomikuri zrdis xelSemwyob<br />
mniSvnelovan faqtoradac ver Camoyalibda.<br />
did interess iwvevs CineTis gamocdileba, romelic evoluciuri<br />
privatizebiT gamoirCeva. saxelmwifo sakuTrebis SenarCunebis pirobebSi<br />
Tavdapirvelad aq xorcieldeboda sawarmoebis TviTdafinansebasa da<br />
TviTmarTvelobaze gadasvla. sawarmoebs ar SeeZloT warmoebis<br />
saSualebebiT, resursebiT vaWroba, magram bolo periodSi gaZlierda<br />
sakuTrebis axali, alternatiuli formebis damkvidreba (ara privatizebiT,<br />
aramed inveticiebis alternatiuli wyaroebis safuZvelze, axali<br />
sawarmoebis SeqmniT). CineTis reformisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aqcenti ara<br />
sakuTrebis formebis Secvlasa da ekonomikuri Zalauflebis ganawilebaze,<br />
aramed saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebis gadidebaze, investiciebis<br />
gafarToebaze. es miznebi realizebulia da reformebma gamoiwvia ara<br />
warmoebis dacema, aramed misi maRali tempiT zrda. CineTis gamocdileba<br />
garkveulwilad pasuxobs reformis ekonomikur kriteriumebs: warmoebis<br />
efeqtianobis zrdas, mecnierul-teqnologiuri progresis daCqarebas,<br />
cxovrebis donis amaRlebas.<br />
evoluciuri tipi iTvaliswinebs sakuTrebis uflebis<br />
gadanawilebas saxelmwifosa da sawarmoebs Soris, xdeba<br />
6
sawarmoebis komercializacia, TviTdafinansebasa da<br />
TviTmarTvelobaze gadasvla saxelmwifo sakuTrebis<br />
SenarCunebis pirobebSi.<br />
amgvarad, sazRvargareTis qveynebis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom mTavaria<br />
ara mxolod privatizebis ganxorcielebis xerxis, tipis SerCeva, aramed<br />
Sesabamisoba qveynis socialur-ekonomikur, aseve politikur<br />
TaviseburebebTan, da ra Tqma unda umniSvnelovanesia saboloo Sedegi.<br />
aRniSnuli movlenis dadebiTi Sedegebis misaRebad, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba<br />
eniWeba mis organul Serwymas makroekonomikuri stabilizaciis,<br />
struqturuli da instituciuri gardaqmnebis procesebTan. erTmaneTTan<br />
dabalansebis gareSe isini Sedegs ver gamoiReben.<br />
7
privatizaciis procesis maregulirebeli<br />
sakanonmdeblo baza<br />
privatizacia saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis erT-erTi<br />
umniSvnelovanesi movlenaa. privatizebis procesi regulirdeba sxvadasxva<br />
normatiuli aqtebiT:<br />
• saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis Sesaxeb~<br />
• saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo qonebaSi arsebuli sasoflosameurneo<br />
daniSnulebis miwis privatizebis Sesaxeb~<br />
• saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris brZaneba<br />
`saxelmwifo qonebis <strong>pirdapiri</strong> miyidvis formiT privatizebis Sesaxeb<br />
damtkicebis Taobaze”.<br />
• saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris brZaneba<br />
`saxelmwifo qonebis <strong>konkursi</strong>s formiT privatizebis Sesaxeb<br />
debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~<br />
• qonebis marTvis saministro brZaneba `saxelmwifo qonebis <strong>ijara</strong>gamosyidvis<br />
formiT privatizebis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis<br />
Taobaze~<br />
• qonebis marTvis saministro brZaneba `saxelmwifo qonebis <strong>auqcioni</strong>s<br />
formiT privatizebis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~<br />
saqarTvelos kanoniT `saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis Sesaxeb”<br />
privatizeba ganisazRvreba, rogorc saxelmwifo qonebaze sakuTrebis<br />
uflebis SeZena. rac Seexeba saxelmwifo qonebis myidvels, is SeiZleba<br />
iyos saqarTvelos an ucxo qveynis fizikuri an iuridiuli piri, (romlis<br />
qonebaSic saqarTvelos saxelmwifos monawileobis wili 25%-ze naklebia).<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonSi arsebobs mkafio CamonaTvali im qonebisa, romelic<br />
privatizebas ar eqvemdebareba. am CamonaTvals miekuTvneba<br />
eleqtroenergetikuli seqtoris gadacema-dispetCerizaciis samsaxurebi.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, bundovania, Tu ris safuZvelze moxda am ukanasknelis<br />
gasxviseba.<br />
saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis kanoniT gansazRvrul formebs<br />
ganekuTvneba: <strong>1.</strong> <strong>konkursi</strong> <strong>2.</strong> <strong>auqcioni</strong> <strong>3.</strong> <strong>ijara</strong>-<strong>gamosyidva</strong> <strong>4.</strong> <strong>pirdapiri</strong><br />
<strong>miyidva</strong>.<br />
privatizaciis formebi<br />
<strong>konkursi</strong>s formiT privatizebis mizania qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis<br />
miniWeba im myidvelisaTvis, romelic saministros yvelaze ukeTes pirobebs<br />
SesTavazebs.<br />
kanoniT gansazRvrulia <strong>konkursi</strong>s formiT qonebis privatizebis<br />
organizaciisa da Catarebis wesi. ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro<br />
aqveynebs saprivatizacio obieqtebis nusxas. amis Semdeg tardeba<br />
winasakvalifikacio SerCeva. masSi monawileobis misaRebad, dainteresebuli<br />
pirebi saministros warudgenen rig dokumentacias, romelic Seicavs<br />
ganacxads, mis mier warmodgenil winadadebebs. SerCevaSi gamovlenili pirebi<br />
8
monawileobas iReben konkursSi. gamarjvebulad cxaddeba monawile, romlis<br />
winadadebebi akmayofilebs <strong>konkursi</strong>s kriteriumebs da warmoadgens<br />
saukeTeso pirobebs. saministro uflebamosilia rigiTobis mixedviT<br />
daadginos saukeTeso winadadebebi da awarmoos molaparakebebi. amis<br />
Semdgom xdeba gamarjvebulis gamovlena, romelTanac formdeba Sesabamisi<br />
nasyidobis xelSekruleba.<br />
saprivatizacio<br />
obieqtebis nusxis<br />
gamoqveyneba<br />
winasakvalifikacio<br />
SerCeva<br />
<strong>konkursi</strong>s<br />
Catareba<br />
xelSekrulebis<br />
gaformeba<br />
saWiroebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi<br />
molaparakebebi<br />
saxelmwifo qonebis privatizeba agreTve SeiZleba ganxorcieldes<br />
<strong>auqcioni</strong>s formiT. misi mizania sakuTrebis ufleba mieniWos im myidvels,<br />
romelic vaWrobis procesSi saministros yvelaze maRal fass SesTavazebs.<br />
<strong>auqcioni</strong>s formiT qonebis gayidva xdeba Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT:<br />
gasayidi<br />
obieqtebis<br />
nusxis<br />
winasakvalifikacio<br />
SerCeva<br />
<strong>auqcioni</strong>s<br />
Catareba<br />
xelSekrulebis<br />
gaformeba<br />
gamoqveyneba<br />
iseve, rogorc <strong>konkursi</strong>s formiT privatizebis SemTxvevaSi, <strong>auqcioni</strong>s<br />
drosac SeiZleba Catardes winasakvalifikacio SerCeva, romlis<br />
organizebisa da Catarebis wesi analogiuria <strong>konkursi</strong>s dros Catarebuli<br />
winasakvalifikacio SerCevisa.<br />
amis Semdeg auqcionSi monawile saministros warudgens dokumentebs,<br />
romelic Seicavs ganacxads, informacias monawileze, qonebis dasaxelebas,<br />
romlis SeZenac mas surs, sawyis fass. TiToeul obieqtze vaWroba<br />
grZeldeba manam vidre romelime monawile ar daasaxelebs yvelaze maRal<br />
fass.aRniSnuli procesi sruldeba xelSekrulebis gaformebiT.<br />
privatizeba xdeba aseve <strong>pirdapiri</strong> miyidvis formiTac. amis Taobaze<br />
gadawyvetilebas iRebs da Sesabamis pirobebs adgens saqarTvelos<br />
prezidenti. aRniSnuli formiT gayidvis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom<br />
sakuTrebis ufleba gadaeces im myidvels, romelic srulad da<br />
keTilsindisierad Seasrulebs dadgenil pirobebs. misi mizania gasayidi<br />
qonebis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, investiciebis mozidva warmodgenili<br />
biznes gegmis safuZvelze.<br />
9
ganacxadebis<br />
wardgena<br />
Semosuli<br />
ganacxadebis<br />
ganxilva<br />
prezidentisaTvis<br />
saTanado ganac-<br />
xadebis wardgena<br />
prezidentis mier<br />
gadawyvetilebis<br />
miReba<br />
garigebis<br />
gaformeba<br />
kanonis Tanaxmad, myidveli ekonomikis saministros warudgens dokumentebs,<br />
romelic Seicavs ganacxads da informacias Sesyidvis msurvelis Sesaxeb.<br />
saministro ixilavs Semosul ganacxadebs, ris Semdegac saTanado<br />
winadadebebs warudgens prezidents, romelic iRebs gadawyvetilebas<br />
gayidvis Sesaxeb.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom <strong>konkursi</strong>s, <strong>auqcioni</strong>s an <strong>pirdapiri</strong> formiT saxelmwifo<br />
qonebis privatizebisas dadebul xelSekrulebaSi Seitaneba cnobebi<br />
myidvelisa da gamyidvelis Sesaxeb, myidvelis valdebuleba qonebis<br />
gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, privatizebis pirobebi da Tanxis gadaxdis grafiki.<br />
xelSekrulebis moqmedebis periodSi, saxelmwifo qonebis gasayidi fasis<br />
srulad dafarvamde, myidvels qoneba gadaecema mflobelobaSi da<br />
sargeblobaSi, xolo aqciebi an wili – marTvis uflebiT. sakuTrebis<br />
ufleba ki eZleva gasayidi fasis srulad dafarvis Semdeg, Sesabamisi<br />
sakuTrebis damadasturebeli mowmobis gacemis momentidan.<br />
privatizebis Sesaxeb kanonis Tanaxmad, xelSekrulebis moqmedebis periodSi<br />
myidvels saministrosTan SeTanxmebis gareSe ar aqvs ufleba gankargos,<br />
gasces sargeblobis uflebiT an sxvagvarad datvirTos gadacemuli qoneba.<br />
amasTan, igi pasuxismgebelia miRebuli qonebis movla-patronobaze.<br />
ekonomikis saministro akontrolebs ra privatizebis process<br />
saxelmwifoSi, gamoavlens am sferoSi kanonsawinaaRmdego gadawyvetilebebs<br />
da faqtebs, iRebs zomebs maT aRmosafxvrelad. garda amisa, privatizebasTan<br />
dakavSirebul yvela sadao da baTilad cnobis sakiTxebs ganixilavs<br />
sasamarTlo.<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, privatizaciis erT-erTi formaa <strong>ijara</strong>-<strong>gamosyidva</strong>,<br />
romlis mizania ijariT gacemuli qonebis <strong>gamosyidva</strong>mde moijarisaTvis<br />
sameurneo da sxva saqmianobis damoukideblad warmarTvisaTvis<br />
teritorialuri faseulobis vadiani da sasyidliani mflobelobisa da<br />
sargeblis uflebis miniWeba.<br />
saprivatizacio<br />
obieqtebis nusxis<br />
gamoqveyneba<br />
sakonkurso<br />
komisiis mier<br />
ganacxadebis<br />
gamarjvebulis<br />
gamovlena<br />
garigebis<br />
gaformeba<br />
miReba<br />
10
saxelmwifo qonebis <strong>ijara</strong>-gamosyidvis formiT gacema xdeba <strong>konkursi</strong>s<br />
wesis Sesabamisad. ,,meijare” anu ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro<br />
uzrunvelyofs informaciis gamoqveynebas. dainteresebuli fizikuri da<br />
iuridiuli pirebi sakonkurso komisias warudgenen gancxadebebs.<br />
Sesabamisad sakonkurso komisia registraciaSi atarebs maT mier<br />
wardgenil gancxadebebs da gamarjvebulis gamovlenis Semdeg Sejamebul<br />
oqms gadascems ,,meijares”, romelic 10 dRis vadaSi amtkicebs Sedegebs.<br />
SerCevaSi gamarjvebuli pirebi monawileobas iReben konkursSi.<br />
gamarjvebulad iTvleba is piri, romlic srulad daakmayofilebs<br />
sakonkurso kriteriumebs. gamarjvebulis gamovlenis Semdeg formdeba<br />
gamosyidvis xelSekruleba, qonebis miReba-Cabarebis aqtTan erTad, romelic<br />
warmoadgens mis ganuyofel nawils. aRsaniSnavia, rom xelSekrulebaSi<br />
gansazRvruli unda iyos sakonkurso pirobebidan da gasaformebeli<br />
xelSekrulebis specifikidan gamomdinare yvela monacemi. aseve<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom sxva aucilebel monacemTan erTad saijaro<br />
xelSekruleba aucileblad unda Seicavdes ijariT gacemuli qonebis<br />
gamosyidvis pirobebs, vadebs da sajarimo sanqciebs. ,,moijaris” mier<br />
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi<br />
igi Rebulobs gafrTxilebas da jarimdeba. yovelive aRniSnulis dacva<br />
ganapirobebs privatizaciis warmatebulobasa da efeqturobas.<br />
saxelmwifo qonebis Rirebulebisa da qiris srulad dafarvis Semdeg<br />
,,moijares” gadaecema Sesabamisi sakuTrebis damadasturebeli mowmoba.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom registraciis xarjebi ifareba ,,moijaris” mier.<br />
diagrama <strong>1.</strong> privatizebis formebi 2005 wlis 9 Tvis monacemebi<br />
<strong>auqcioni</strong> 76 obieqti<br />
<strong>konkursi</strong> 16 obieqti<br />
<strong>pirdapiri</strong> <strong>miyidva</strong> 4<br />
obieqti<br />
mocemuli diagrama (ix. diagrama 1) eyrdnoba saqarTvelos ekonomikis<br />
saministros monacemebs saxelmwifo qonebis privatizaciis formebis<br />
Sesaxeb. rogorc diagramidan Cans, aRniSnul periodSi sWarbobda<br />
saxelmwifo qonebis privatizeba <strong>auqcioni</strong>s formiT. es faqti aixsneba imiT,<br />
rom 2005 wels mimdinare privatizaciis procesSi prioriteti eniWeboda<br />
11
myidvels, romelic gadaixdida met Tanxas, anu privatizacia<br />
orientirebuli iyo maqsimaluri Semosavlis miRebaze.<br />
sasoflo_sameurneo miwebis privatizeba<br />
saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis<br />
miwebis privatizeba regulirdeba saqarTvelos kanoniT `saxelmwifo<br />
sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis privatizebis<br />
Sesaxeb~.<br />
aRniSnuli kanonis mizania saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sasoflosameurneo<br />
miwis privatizebis Sedegad sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis<br />
miwis fondis aTviseba, misi racionalurad gamoyeneba da miwis bazris<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis xelis Sewyoba.<br />
kanonis Tanaxmad sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis privatizeba<br />
xorcieldeba specialuri <strong>auqcioni</strong>s, Ria <strong>auqcioni</strong>s an <strong>pirdapiri</strong> miyidvis<br />
formiT.<br />
ijariT gacemuli miwis nakveTebis <strong>pirdapiri</strong> miyidvis formiT privatizebas,<br />
aseve Ria <strong>auqcioni</strong>T ijariT gaucemel da yofil saijaro sasofosameurneo<br />
daniSnulebis miwis nakveTebis privatizebas axorcielebs<br />
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro, xolo ijariT<br />
gaucemeli sasoflo-sameurneo miwis nakveTebis privatizebas specialur<br />
auqcionze axorcielebs soflis, qalaqis, dabis an Temis sakrebulo.<br />
ijariT gaucemeli sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis nakveTis<br />
privatizacia xorcieldeba specialuri <strong>auqcioni</strong>T, ijariT gacemuli<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo miwis nakveTi _ <strong>pirdapiri</strong> miyidvis formiT, xolo<br />
specialur auqcionze gauyidavi miwebi _ Ria <strong>auqcioni</strong>T.<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo miwis nakveTis <strong>pirdapiri</strong> miyidvis wesiT privatizebisaTvis<br />
aucilebelia moijaresa da saxelmwifos Soris sajaro reestrSi<br />
registrirebuli saijaro xelSekruleba. moijarem dainteresebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi gancxadebiT unda mimarTos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros.<br />
kanoniT dauSvebelia moijaris mier ijariT aRebuli miwis nakveTis<br />
nawilis privatizeba. Tu saijaro miwis farTobi Sedgeba ramdenime<br />
erTmaneTisgan sivrcobriv-geografiulad damoukidebeli miwis nakveTebisgan,<br />
mas ufleba aqvs gamoisyidos sasurveli miwis nakveTi. saijaro miwis<br />
nakveTis privatizebis SemTxvevaSi darCenil saijaro nakveTze uqmdeba<br />
saijaro xelSekruleba da igi gaiyideba Ria auqcionze.<br />
ijariT gacemuli miwis <strong>pirdapiri</strong> miyidvis formiT privatizebisas Sesasyidi<br />
fasi tolia gamosyidvis Taobaze gancxadebis wardgenis droisaTvis<br />
dadgenili sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwaze qonebis gadasaxadis<br />
sabaziso wliuri ganakveTis aTmagi odenobisa. Senoba-nagebobebis arsebobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi gasayid fass emateba maTi Rirebuleba.<br />
moijares saijaro miwis privatizebis Taobaze gancxadebis wardgenidan 1<br />
Tvis Semdeg miwis nakveTisa da masze ganTavsebuli uZravi qonebis SesaZeni<br />
Tanxis sul mcire 20% Seaqvs specialur angariSze. aRniSnuli Tanxis<br />
12
gadaxdis dokumenti waredgineba ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros<br />
Sesabamis teritoriul organos. Tanxis vadamdeli gadaxdis SemTxvevaSi<br />
moijare ixdis fasdaklebiT.<br />
ijariT gaucemeli sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis privatizeba<br />
xorcieldeba specialuri da Ria <strong>auqcioni</strong>s formiT. .specialur auqcionze<br />
gamarjvebulis ar gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi tardeba Ria <strong>auqcioni</strong>.<br />
specialur auqcionSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba aqvs mxolod im<br />
qalaqis, soflis, dabis an Temis teritoriaze mcxovreb pirs, sadac<br />
mdebareobs gasayidi miwis nakveTi. am SemTxvevaSi fasis SeTavazeba xdeba<br />
erTjeradad, werilobiTi saxiT.<br />
specialur auqcionze gasayidi miwis nakveTis fasi da Ria auqcionze<br />
gasayidi ijariT gaucemeli miwis nakveTis sawyisi fasi tolia <strong>auqcioni</strong>s<br />
gamocxadebis droisaTvis saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis Sesabamisad<br />
dadgenili sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwaze qonebis gadasaxadis<br />
sabaziso wliuri ganakveTis ormagi odenobisa, xolo Ria auqcionze<br />
yofili saijaro miwis nakveTis gasayidi fasi miwaze qonebis gadasaxadis<br />
sabaziso wliuri ganakveTis aTmagi odenobisaa. Senoba-nagebobebis<br />
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi sawyis fass emateba maTi Rirebuleba.<br />
specialur da Ria auqcionebSi gamarjvebuli piri gamarjvebis<br />
damadasturebeli oqmis miRebidan 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ixdis miwis<br />
nakveTisa da masze ganTavsebuli uZravi qonebis SesaZen Tanxas an SesaZeni<br />
Tanxis sul mcire 20%-s specialur angariSze da warudgens saqarTvelos<br />
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros Sesabamis teritoriul organos.<br />
SemZens SeuZlia miwis nakveTisa da masze ganTavsebuli qonebis Tanxa<br />
gadaixados erTbaSad an nawil-nawil 9 wlis ganmavlobaSi, Tu Tanxa<br />
mocemul vadaSi ar daifareba qoneba gaiyideba. Tanxis vadamdeli<br />
dafarvis SemTxvevaSi myidveli ixdis Tanxas fasdaklebiT.<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo miwaze da sxva uZrav qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba da<br />
ipoTeka (Tu aseTi arsebobs) registrirdeba erTad, pirveladi registraciis<br />
saxiT.<br />
miwisa da sxva qonebis specialuri, Ria an <strong>pirdapiri</strong> miyidvis formiT<br />
SemZenma, qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis an ipoTekis registraciisaTvis<br />
sajaro reestris erovnuli saagentos Sesabamis samsaxurs unda<br />
warudginos saWiro dokumentebi.<br />
sainvesticio saqmianoba<br />
privatizaciis Sedegad Sesyiduli obieqti, investorisTvis anu<br />
myidvelisTvis mimzidvelia sainvesticio TvalsazrisiT da igi varaudobs<br />
privatizebul obieqtSi qonebrivi Tu inteleqtualuri faseulobis<br />
dabandebas da mis gamoyenebas SesaZlo mogebis miRebis mizniT. ufro<br />
metic, saxelmwifo Tavisi qonebis gankerZoebisas xSirad erT-erT pirobad<br />
ayalibebs privatizabul obieqtSi investiciis ganxorcielebis moTxovnas.<br />
garda amisa, privatizacia aris erTerTi gza adgilobrivi mrewvelobis da<br />
ekonomikis reabilitaciisa. saqarTvelos kanoni “sainvesticio saqmianobis<br />
xelSewyobis da garantiebis Sesaxeb” (1997 w.) ayalibebs investiciis<br />
13
ganmartebas: investiciad miiCneva yvela saxis qonebrivi da<br />
inteleqtualuri faseuloba an ufleba, romelic dabanddeba da<br />
gamoiyeneba SesaZlo mogebis miRebis mizniT saqarTvelos teritoriaze<br />
ganxorcielebul samewarmeo saqmianobaSi. investorad SeiZleba<br />
mogvevlinos fizikuri an iuridiuli piri, agreTve saerTaSoriso<br />
organizacia, romelic axorcielebs investirebas saqarTveloSi. amrigad,<br />
saqarTveloSi xelsayreli sainvesticio garemos Seqmna xels uwyobs<br />
privatizaciis procesis gafarToebas da efeqtianobis zrdas. amasTan,<br />
zemoT aRniSnuli kanonis mixedviT, ucxoeli investoris uflebebi da<br />
garantiebi ar SeiZleba iyos im uflebebze da garantiebze naklebi,<br />
romliTac sargeblobs saqarTvelos fizikuri da iuridiuli piri, garda<br />
kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili SemTxvevebisa.<br />
dResdReobiT investiciebis xelSewyobis mizniT saqarTvelos ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis saministrosTan moqmedebs saqarTvelos sainvesticio saagento,<br />
igi uzrunvelyofs, saxelmwifo programebis SemuSavebas am sferoSi,<br />
sainvesticio garemos gaumjobesebas da a. S. am mizniT kanoni<br />
“sainvesticio saqmianobis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb” SeRavaTian samarTlebriv<br />
reJims sTavazobs ucxoel investorebs, magaliTad, axali sakanonmdeblo<br />
aqti, romelic auaresebs aRniSnuli kanoniT dadgenil investiciebis<br />
pirobebs, misi ZalaSi Sesvlidan aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ar vrceldeba ukve<br />
ganxorcielebul investiciaze. garda amisa, ucxoel investors<br />
adgilobrivis msgavsad uwesdeba zianis anazRaurebis pirobebi saomari<br />
mdgomareobis da SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros. amasTan, investicia<br />
mTlianad da upirobod aris daculi saqarTveloSi moqmedi<br />
kanonmdeblobiT.<br />
privatizaciis procesis Sedegad saqarTveloSi Camoyalibda araerTi<br />
samewarmeo interesis mqone iuridiuli piri kanoniT gansazRvrul<br />
sxvadasxva organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis safuZvelze. qveyanaSi<br />
mimdinare privatizaciis procesisTvis da safondo bazris<br />
ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia sainvesticio garemos<br />
gaumjobeseba da organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebis gamWirvale da<br />
efeqturi formireba. samewarmeo saqmianobis efeturad marTvisTvis<br />
erT_erTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia Sesabamisi organizaciulsamarTlebrivi<br />
formis SerCeva. am mxriv saqarTvelos kanoni “mewarmeTa<br />
Sesaxeb” mkafiod gansazRvravs samewarmeo saqmianobis mowyobis Semdeg<br />
saxeebs: individualuri sawarmo, solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis<br />
sazogedoeba (sps), komandituri sazogadoeba (ks), SezRuduli<br />
pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (Sps), saaqcio sazogadoeba (ss) da<br />
kooperativi. individualuri mewarme, rogorc individualuri sawarmos<br />
mflobeli, aris fizikuri piri, romlis samewarmeo saqmianobisTvis<br />
aucilebelia samewarmeo wesiT mowyobili organizacia, mowesrigebuli<br />
sakaso da sabuRaltro saqme. samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi igi gamodis<br />
Tavisi saxeliT. xolo Sps, ks, Sps, ss da kooperativi warmoadgenen<br />
iuridiul pirebs. sawarmo, garda kooperativisa, romelSic ormocdaaTze<br />
meti partnioria, unda Camoyalibdes mxolod saaqcio sazogadoebis saxiT.<br />
sawarmo, rogorc ufleba-movaleobaTa mqone iuridiuli subieqti<br />
warmoiSoba mxolod samewarmeo reestrSi registraciis momentidan, garda<br />
saxazino sawarmoebisa. samewarmeo reestrs awarmoebs saqarTvelos<br />
finansTa saministros sagadasaxdo departamenti. gancxadeba sawarmos<br />
registraciis Sesaxeb Seitaneba sagadasaxado organoSi sazogadoebis<br />
14
adgilsamyofelis mixedviT. gancxadeba (yvela sawarmosTvis) unda<br />
Seicavdes Semdeg rekvizitebs: safirmo saxelwodebas, organizaciulsamarTlebriv<br />
formas, adgilsamyofels (iuridiul misamarTs), monacemebs<br />
sameurneo wlis dasawyisis da damTavrebis Sesaxeb, monacemebs yoveli<br />
damfuZnebeli partnioris Sesaxeb, xolo Tu damfuZnebeli iuridiuli piria,<br />
mis safirmo saxelwodebas da iuridiul misamarTs. garda zemoT<br />
aRniSnulisa, kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs konkretuli, damatebiTi<br />
informaciis TandarTvas calkeuli organizaciul-samarTlebrivi<br />
formisTvis. zemoTaRniSnuli kanonis mixedviT, ind. mewarme Tavisi<br />
samewarmeo saqmianobidan warmoSobili valdebulebebisTvis piradad agebs<br />
pasuxs kreditorebis winaSe. solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis<br />
partniorebi da komandituri sazogadoebis personalurad pasuxismgebeli<br />
partniorebi (komplementarebi) sazogadoebis valdebulebebze kreditorebis<br />
winaSe pasuxs ageben solidarulad, anu uSualod, mTlianad, pirdapir,<br />
SeuzRudavad mTeli Tavisi qonebiT. sazogadoebis sawesdebo kapitalis<br />
formirebisas Sesatani SeiZleba warmodgenili iqnes materialuri da<br />
aramaterialuri qonebrivi obieqtebis saxiT, garda samuSaos Sesrulebisa<br />
da momsaxurebis gawevisa. amasTan, Sps-Si minimaluri sawesdebo kapitalis<br />
formirebisas Sesatani SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod fuladi saxiT.<br />
Cveni azriT, privatizaciis da sainvesticio saqmianobebis erTmaneTTan<br />
dakavSirebiT saintereso daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba. maTi uSualo<br />
kavSiridan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nebismieri RonisZieba,<br />
gatarebuli saqarTveloSi xelsayreli sainvesticio garemos Sesaqmnelad,<br />
TavisTavad xels uwyobs privatizaciis procesis ganviTarebas.<br />
15
privatizaciis procesSi arsebuli problemebi<br />
sabazro ekonomikaze gardamavali qveynisaTvis gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovania privatizaciis procesis swrafi da efeqturi ganxorcieleba.<br />
miuxedavad warmatebisa, privatizaciis procesSi kvlav rCeba ara erTi<br />
problema:<br />
problemad rCeba procesis gaumWvirvaleoba, ris Sedegadac sazogadoebis<br />
winaSe mimdinare privatizaciis process arapopularuli da saeWvo imiji<br />
uyalibdeba.<br />
problemebs vawydebiT <strong>ijara</strong>-gamosyidvis formiT saxelmwifo qonebis<br />
privatizaciis drosac. privatizaciis es forma Tavis droze gaTvlili iyo<br />
mosaxleobis socialur mdgomareobaze da ZiriTadad, sawarmoebis mier<br />
saijaro qonebis ganvadebiT <strong>gamosyidva</strong>s iTvaliswinebda. moijares<br />
gamosasyidi Tanxis garda, yovelwliurad saijaro qiris gadaxdac<br />
evaleboda, rac myidvelisaTvis damatebiT gadasaxads warmoadgenda da<br />
qonebis gamosyidvis process aWianurebda. moijaresa da saministros Soris<br />
,,daZabulma~ urTierTobebma 600-ze meti xelSekrulebis gauqmeba gamoiwvia.<br />
amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom privatizaciis am formam ver gaamarTla.<br />
statistikuri monacemebiT, 1998-2000 wlebSi saministrom da misma<br />
adgilobrivma organoebma <strong>ijara</strong>-gamosyidvis formiT gasca 1758 obieqti,<br />
aqedan: 1998 wels 674 obieqti, 1999 wels 149 obieqti, xolo 2000 wels 45<br />
obieqti. 2004 wlis pirveli ianvris mdgomareobiT teritoriuli organoebi<br />
akontrolebdnen <strong>ijara</strong> gamosyidvis formiT gacemul 299 obieqtze<br />
gaformebul xelSekrulebas. aqedan Tanxis davalianeba ericxeba 178<br />
moijares. pirobebis darRvevisaTvis xelSekruleba gauuqmda 17 moijares,<br />
sasamarTloSi Setanilia sarCeli 34 moijareze.<br />
amdagvar situacias vxvdebiT <strong>konkursi</strong>s formiT obieqtebis privatizebis<br />
drosac. mimdinare privatizaciis procesis erT-erT naklad migvaCnia<br />
mxolod konkurenciis pirobebSi arsebuli saeWvo reputaciis mqone<br />
kompaniebisTvis obieqtebis gadacema. radgan iseTi privatizaciis efeqturi<br />
instrumenti, rogoric aris <strong>konkursi</strong>s wesiT ganxorcieleba gamouyenebel<br />
formad rCeba.<br />
2004 wlis statistikuri manacemebiT <strong>konkursi</strong>s formiT privatizebuli 203<br />
obieqtidan xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanxis davalianeba ericxeba<br />
71 myidvels. pirobebis darRvevisaTvis xelSekrulebebi gauqmda 3<br />
myidvelTan, sasmarTloSi Setanilia sarCeli 8 myidvelze.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom <strong>auqcioni</strong>s wesiT mxolod fasze orientirebuli<br />
instrumentebis gamoyeneba aradamakmayofilebel Sedegs gvaZlevs. marTalia,<br />
biujetSi Senatani SedarebiT maRalia, magram am formiT privatizebul<br />
qonebas aranairi valdebuleba ar miyveba fulis gadaxdis garda, romelic<br />
myidvelma erT TveSi unda dafaros. aqedan gamomdinare, ar aris<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli socialuri pirobebi, rac uaryofiT gavlenas axdens<br />
qveynis socialur mdgomareobaze.<br />
16
problemebs vawydebiT aseve myidvelis mier privatizebuli obieqtis<br />
safasuris kanoniT gansazRvrul vadaSi gadaxdisas. kerZod, yofila<br />
SemTxvevebi rodesac romelime kompania namdvilad iyo Tanxis gadamxdeli,<br />
magram erT TveSi ver mouxerxebia fuladi resursebis mobilizacia da<br />
Sesabamisad garigebac CaSlila. am mizezebis gamo ekonomkiuri ganviTarebis<br />
saministro iZulebuli iyo Tanxis dafarvis vada sam Tvemde gaezarda,<br />
magram vinaidan <strong>auqcioni</strong>s SemTxvevaSi Tanxis dafarvis periodi mkacrad<br />
SezRudulia, qonebis privatizeba <strong>konkursi</strong>s wesiT xdeboda.<br />
mosawesrigebelia agreTve xelSekrulebebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakonkurso<br />
pirobebis Sesrulebis kontrolic. aRniSnuli sakiTxi xSir SemTxvevaSi<br />
moiTxovs sakonkurso pirobebis Sesrulebis mimdinareobisa da am mizniT<br />
Catarebuli samuSaoebis adgilze Seswavlas.<br />
saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi darCenili saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis<br />
privatizacia saqarTveloSi naklebad rentabeluria. msxvili sawarmoebi<br />
metad didi zomisaa, maTi aqtivebi cud mdgomareobaSia: didi davalianebebi,<br />
samuSao Zalis siWarbe da sxva. iseTi seqtorebi rogoricaa energetika,<br />
satelekomunikacio mrewveloba, transporti saWiroebs modernizebas, raTa<br />
mimzidveli gaxdes investorisaTvis.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom redaqciulad dasaxvewia privatizaciis maregulirebeli<br />
normatiuli aqtebi: qonebis marTvis saministro brZaneba `saxelmwifo<br />
qonebis <strong>auqcioni</strong>s formiT privatizebis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis<br />
Taobaze~ da qonebis marTvis saministros brZaneba `saxelmwifo qonebis<br />
<strong>ijara</strong>-gamosyidvis formiT privatizebis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis<br />
Taobaze~. aRniSnuli saministro reorganizebas daeqvemdebara xolo misi<br />
samarTalmemkvidre, amJamad arsebobs departamentis saxiT da eqvemdebareba<br />
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros.<br />
`saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis Sesaxeb~ kanonis merve muxlSi<br />
gansazRvrulia privatizebidan Semosuli Tanxis gamoyenebis prioritetuli<br />
mimarTulebebi: mcire biznesSi warmoebis ganviTarebis RonisZiebaTa<br />
dafinanseba, warmoebis sferoSi axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis<br />
RonisZiebaTa dafinanseba, privatizebis Catarebis organizaciuli xarjebis<br />
dafinanseba, gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebis dafinanseba saqarTvelos<br />
prezidentis gadawyvetilebiT. Tumca aRniSnuli muxli realurad ar<br />
funqcionirebs anu privatizaciidan Semosuli Tanxebis ganawileba<br />
xorcieldeba aRniSnuli muxlis ugulvebelyofiT. Sesabamisad mocemuli<br />
norma ar funqcionirebs.<br />
`saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis~ Sesaxeb kanonis meoTxe muxlSi<br />
gansazRvrulia is saxelmwifo qoneba, romelic privatizebas ar<br />
eqvemdebareba, Tumca garkveuli obieqtebi am nusxidan ukve privatizebulia<br />
an gamotanilia saprivatizaciod.<br />
amasTan, privatizaciis process Tan sdevs Semaferxebeli garemoebebi:<br />
institucionalurad gaumarTavi damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sistema da<br />
kerZo sakuTrebiTi uflebebis dacva. investorisaTvis metad mniSvnelovania<br />
sasamarTlo xelisuflebis obieqturobis xarisxi, Tu igi darwmunebuli ar<br />
iqneba, rom sasamarTlo xelisufleba sadao sakiTxs gadawyvets<br />
obieqturad, is CaTvlis, rom qveyanaSi ar arsebobs instituti, romelic mis<br />
interesebs daicavs.<br />
17
informacia privatizaciis procesis<br />
mimdinareobis Taobaze<br />
privatizaciis procesSi 1992 wels dawyebuli etapi metnaklebad warmatebiT<br />
mimdinareobs. am droisTvis privatizabulia 15 000-ze meti sawarmo, Tumca<br />
saxelmwifos mflobelobaSi darCenili sawarmoo simZlavreebi da uZravmoZravi<br />
qoneba sakamod moculobiTia. garda amisa dagegmilia<br />
saxelmwifos monawileobiT Seqmnili sawarmoebis privatizebac.<br />
2005 wels dawyebuli privatizebis axali etapis ganxorcieleba gaTvlilia<br />
uaxloes 18 Tveze. privatizaciis procesis Semdgom ganviTrebas xels<br />
uwyobs kerZo investiciebisTvis saTanado garemos Seqmna qveyanaSi. es<br />
Tavis TavSi moicavs sxvadasxva elements, maT Soris xelsayrel<br />
sakanonmdeblo bazasac. qveyanaSi Seqmnili xelsayreli sainvesticio<br />
garemo proporciulad zrdis privatizaciis procesis daCqarebis<br />
SesaZleblobas.<br />
2003 wlis cnobili movlenebis Semdeg `vardebis revoluciiT’’ mosuli<br />
axali xelisuflebisTvis privatizaciis daCqarebuli procesi aris maT mier<br />
gatarebuli reformebis erT-erTi komponenti. am procesis mizania<br />
saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi darCenili sawarmoebis swrafi gadasvla kerZo<br />
sakuTrebaSi da ekonomikis deregulacia kerZo investiciebis<br />
mobilizaciisTvis.<br />
bevr SemTxvevaSi privatizacia aris ekonomikis da mrewvelobis<br />
reabilitaciis erT-erTi saSualeba. saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi myofi<br />
obieqtebi ZiriTadad arsebul mdgomareobaSi gamoaqvT gasayidad. mimdinare<br />
privatizaciis procesSi, xelisuflebis mizania am aqtivebze realuri<br />
fasebis daweseba bazarze maTi Rirebulebis mixedviT.<br />
dResdReobiT xelisufleba mowodebulia maqsimalurad miizidos ucxoeli<br />
investorebi saqarTveloSi Sesabamisi biznesgaremos SeqmniT. aWaris<br />
avtonomiur respublikaSi centraluri xelisuflebis rolis gazrda erTerTi<br />
faqtoria, romelic xels Seuwyobs privatizaciis procesis<br />
dawinaurebas, radgan 2003 wlamde am regionSi Zalian mcire raodenobis<br />
sawarmoebis privatizacia ganxorcielda.<br />
imisTvis rom privatizaciis mimdinare procesi iyos maqsimalurad<br />
gamWirvale da informacia saprivatizacio obieqtebis Sesaxeb miewodos<br />
farTo sazogadoebas, gamoiyeneba saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis<br />
saministros vebgverdi, romelzec Tavsdeba ganaxlebuli informacia<br />
saprivatizacio obieqtebis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, 2003 wels gauqmda qonebis<br />
marTvis saministro da misi kompetencia gadaeca saqarTvelos ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis saministros, Sesabamisad aman ganapiroba privatizaciis<br />
procesis marTvis uflebis gadacema ekonomikuri ganviTarebis<br />
saministrosTvis.<br />
amJamad saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros<br />
SemadgenlobaSia sawarmoTa marTvis saagento, romelic dakavebulia<br />
18
sawarmoTa momzadebiT privatizaciisTvis. revoluciis Semdeg saxlemwifo<br />
qonebis privatizaciidan Semosulia daxloebiT 365 mln lari.365 mln.<br />
saxelmwifos mier wamowyebuli privatizaciis procesi daiwyo 1993 wlis<br />
martSi. 2003 wlis pirvel naxevarSi daixura saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis<br />
saministro, romelic privatizaciis sawyis etapze iyo pasuxismgebeli<br />
aRniSnul procesze. es saministro Seicvala privatizaciis departamentiT<br />
(ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro) da saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis<br />
saagentoTi.<br />
mcire sawarmoebis privatizacia saqarTveloSi daiwyo 1993 wels da dRemde<br />
erT-erT warmatebul aspeqtad rCeba. 1993 wlidan 17571 mcire sawarmos<br />
privatizacia moxda. mravali sawarmo daiSala privatizaciis procesSi,<br />
swored amitom saprivatizaciod gamotanili sawarmoebis ricxvi ar<br />
emTxveva sinamdvileSi privatizebuli sawarmoebis raodenobas.<br />
privatizebuli sawarmoebis umravlesoba modis vaWrobis da momsaxurebis<br />
seqtorebze, 32% da 46%, xolo yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli 0,5 % modis<br />
energetikis seqtorze, rogorc amas qvemoT mocemuli cxrili gviCvenebs<br />
(cxrili 1).<br />
cxrili <strong>1.</strong> mcire sawarmoebis privatizacia 1993-2003<br />
industriuli<br />
seqtori<br />
damtkicebuli privatizebuli<br />
privatizebuli<br />
2003 wels<br />
mTlianad<br />
privatizebuli<br />
(procentul<br />
gamosaxulebaSi<br />
%)<br />
mrewveloba 412 341 <strong>1.</strong>9 10<br />
energetika 82 95 0.5 7<br />
purproduqtebi 142 127 0.7 _<br />
soflis<br />
801 <strong>1.</strong>026 5.8 45<br />
meurneoba<br />
mSenebloba 452 406 <strong>2.</strong>3 20<br />
vaWroba <strong>4.</strong>723 5.608 3<strong>1.</strong>9 70<br />
momsaxureba 5.716 8.049 45.8 527<br />
navTobproduqtebi 172 174 <strong>1.</strong>0 _<br />
jandacva 848 667 <strong>3.</strong>8 24<br />
socialuri<br />
536 786 <strong>4.</strong>5 27<br />
seqtori<br />
transporti 233 292 <strong>1.</strong>7 31<br />
saerTo 1<strong>4.</strong>117 17.571 100 761<br />
qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi (ix. cxrili 2) mocemuli monacemebi gviCvenebs,<br />
rom mTlianad aRebul periodSi umetesi sawarmoebis privatizeba moxda<br />
TbilisSi (5,454 sawarmo).<br />
19
cxrili <strong>2.</strong> mcire sawarmoebis privatizacia regionebis mixedviT, 1993-2003<br />
regioni<br />
damtkicebuli<br />
privatizebuli<br />
an<br />
likvidirebuli<br />
privatizebuli<br />
2003<br />
afxazeTi 8 - -<br />
aWara 397 171 -<br />
Tbilisi 4,689 5,454 170<br />
guria 321 490 18<br />
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo<br />
svaneTi<br />
samegrelo da zemo<br />
svaneTi<br />
171 282 3<br />
1,122 1,554 9<br />
imereTi 2,785 3,416 235<br />
kaxeTi 1,106 1,438 103<br />
mcxeTa_TianeTi 327 422 11<br />
samcxe-javaxeTi 613 978 47<br />
qvemo qarTli 1,157 1,693 61<br />
Sida qarTli 897 1,089 44<br />
qonebis marTvis saministro 524 584 60<br />
saerTo 14,117 17,571<br />
saqarTvelos ekonomikis saministros am droisTvis gasayidi darCa 550-ze<br />
meti obieqti, saidanac daaxloebiT 120 ukve mzad aris gasayidad.<br />
garda amisa, revoluciis Semdeg privatizebuli obieqtebis siaSi sWarbobs<br />
obieqtebis privatizeba <strong>auqcioni</strong>s formiT, meore adgilzea <strong>konkursi</strong>s<br />
forma da SedarebiT naklebad mimarTavdnen <strong>pirdapiri</strong> miyidvis formas.<br />
20
2005 wlis oqtombridan sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis privatizebac daiwyo.<br />
saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi 360 000 heqtari sasoflo-sameurneo miwaa<br />
darCenili, rac mTeli farTobis 45 % Seadgens. sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis<br />
saerTo farTobis 55 % kerZo sakuTrebaSi 1992-1998 wlebSi gadavida.<br />
darCenili miwebis privatizeba uaxloes periodSia dagegmili, saidanac<br />
saxelmwifo 80 mln laris Semosvlas elodeba. privatizebas ar<br />
eqvemdebareba sasazRvro zolidan 500 metris radiusSi mdebare miwebi.<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo miwis privatizeba ganixileba rogorc<br />
umniSvnelovanesi winapiroba saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebisTvis.<br />
cxrili <strong>3.</strong> saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebidan saxelmwifo biujetSi<br />
mobilizebuli Tanxebi (1993 - 2005 wlebi)<br />
p r i v a t i z a c i a<br />
<strong>ijara</strong><br />
periodi konsolidirebuli<br />
biujeti<br />
c/biujeti adg.biujeti c/biujeti<br />
1993w 1700<br />
1994w 58200<br />
1995w 164200<br />
1996w 30300<br />
1997w 30000<br />
1998w 73300 46800 26500<br />
1999w 52000 20900 31100<br />
2000w 23100 12800 10300<br />
2001w 13100 5600 7500<br />
2002w 15300 8700 6600<br />
2003w 30300 23600 6700 618<br />
2004w 72739 67008 5731 1300<br />
2005w 360073 335700 24373 885<br />
sul 924312 521108 118804 2803<br />
21
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo qonebis privatizaciidan<br />
saxelmwifo biujetSi mobilizebuli Tanxebi<br />
(1993-2005 wlebi)<br />
diagrama <strong>2.</strong> konsolidirebuli biujeti<br />
400000<br />
350000<br />
300000<br />
250000<br />
200000<br />
150000<br />
100000<br />
50000<br />
0<br />
1993w. 1994w. 1995w. 1996w. 1997w. 1998w. 1999w. 2000w. 2001w. 2002w. 2003w. 2004w. 2005w.<br />
rogorc zemoT mocemuli diagramidan Cans (ix. diagrama <strong>2.</strong>) privatizaciidan,<br />
wlebis mixedviT, konsolidirebul biujetSi Tanxebis Semosvla zrdis<br />
tendenciiT xasiaTdeba. gansakuTrebiT aqtiuri fazaa 2004-2005 wlebi,<br />
vinaidan am periodSi xelisuflebis mier gatarebuli politika<br />
orientirebuli iyo privatizaciis procesis maqsimalurad daCqarebaze.<br />
diagrama <strong>3.</strong> centraluri biujeti<br />
400000<br />
350000<br />
300000<br />
250000<br />
200000<br />
150000<br />
100000<br />
50000<br />
0<br />
1998w. 1999w. 2000w. 2001w. 2002w. 2003w. 2004w. 2005w.<br />
22
diagrama <strong>4.</strong> adgilobrivi biujeti<br />
35000<br />
30000<br />
25000<br />
20000<br />
15000<br />
10000<br />
5000<br />
0<br />
1998w. 1999w. 2000w. 2001w. 2002w. 2003w. 2004w. 2005w.<br />
zemoTmocemuli diagramebi (ix. diagrama 3 da diagrama 4) naTlad asaxavs<br />
privatizaciis procesis aqtiur fazas (2004-2005 wlebi) da masTan<br />
dakavSirebuli Tanxebis zrdas biujetSi, rogorc adgilobriv, ise<br />
centralur doneze.<br />
23
alternativebi<br />
kriteriumebi<br />
alternativebi ekonomikuri<br />
biujetSi<br />
dasaqmeba investiciebi<br />
zrda<br />
Semosavlebi<br />
jami<br />
privatizacia 5 5 4 4 18<br />
menejmentis<br />
gaumjobeseba<br />
2 2 3 3 10<br />
aqciebis<br />
safondo<br />
bazarze<br />
realizacia<br />
4 3 5 5 17<br />
status qvo 0 1 0 1 2<br />
privatizacia gulisxmobs saxelmwifo qonebis (Senobebi, nagebobebi, manqanadanadgarebi,<br />
sxva materialuri da aramaterialuri aqtivebi) gayidvagasxvisebas.<br />
es pirvel rigSi. niSnavs imas, rom gayidvidan miRebuli Tanxebi<br />
miemarTeba biujetSi, rac xels uwyobs saxelmwifo Semosavlebisa da<br />
Sesabamisad, biujetis gazrdas, anu xdeba fiskaluri efeqtis amaRleba.<br />
privatizaciis Sedegad myidveli, garda imisa, rom ixdis Sesabamis Tanxas<br />
biujetSi, aseve sakuTrebaSi gadacemul qonebaSi axorcielebs investiciebs.<br />
Senoba-nagebobebi, mowyobilobebi da maTSi dabandebuli investiciebi is<br />
ZiriTadi faqtorebia, romlebic xels uwyoben mwarmoeblurobis amaRlebas.<br />
ris safuZvelzec viTardeba erovnuli meurneoba da iqmneba axal-axali<br />
adgilebi. Sesabamisad izrdeba dasaqmebis done. garda amisa<br />
mwarmoeblurobis gadideba iwvevs mSp-s gadidebasac. yovelive es ki xels<br />
uwyobs ekonomikur zrdas. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom privatizaciis dros saqme<br />
gvaqvs dadebiT fiskalur efeqtTan ara mxolod moklevadian periodSi,<br />
aramed grZelvadian periodSic gadasaxadebis saxiT, romlebsac<br />
amoqmedebuli sawarmo gadaixdis biujetSi.<br />
menejmentis gaumjobeseba niSnavs saxelwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli<br />
sawarmoebis an maTi aqciebis marTvis uflebis gadacemas fizikuri an<br />
iuridiuli pirebisaTvis. misi ZiriTadi mizania marTvis efeqtianobis<br />
amaRleba. am SemTxvevaSi privatizaciisagan gansxvavebiT, kapitaluri<br />
Semosavlebis gazrdis nacvlad moxdeba saxelmwifo xarjebis gadideba,<br />
rac gulisxmobs Senoba_nagebobebis, manqana_danadgarebis da sxva<br />
materialuri aqtivebis aRdgenis Rirebulebis xarjebs. yovelive es ki<br />
dakavSirebulia damatebiT finansur, adamianur da sxva resursebTan.<br />
amasTan, saxelmwifo sawarmoebis amoqmedeba da Semdgomi funqcionireba<br />
ZiriTadad damokidebuli iqneba dotaciebze anu saxelmwifo dafinansebaze.<br />
am SemTxvevaSi ZiriTad investorad Tavad saxelmwifo mogvevlineba. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare ver iqneba uzrunvelyofili dadebiTi fiskaluri efeqti verc<br />
moklevadian da verc grZelvadian periodSi, aseve ver miiRweva saTanado<br />
doniT ekonomikuri zrda. sasurvelia, rom menejmentis gaumjobeseba moxdes<br />
aramomgebian, kerZo investorisaTvis naklebad mimzidvel, iseT<br />
24
strategiul_ekonomikuri dargis obieqtebSi, rogoricaa: energetika,<br />
kavSirgabmuloba, samxedro warmoeba da sxva.<br />
aqciebad gayidva niSnavs safondo bazarze saxlmwifo sawarmoebis<br />
aqtivebis aqciebis saxiT gayidvas, gmomdinare iqidan, rom <strong>auqcioni</strong>s miznia<br />
sakuTrebis ufleba gadasces mas, vinc mets gadaixdis. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
fiskaluri efeqti gacilebiT meti iqneba moklevadian periodSi, vidre,<br />
Cveulebriv privatizaciis dros, Sesabamisad meti Tanxa Seva biujetSi.<br />
aseve aqciebiT gayidva uzrunvelyofs investiciebis ganxorcielebis zrdas,<br />
radgan aqcia Tavisi arsiT warmoadgens damatebiT investicias. erT-erTi<br />
umTavresi Sedegi, rac SeiZleba aqciebiT gayidvas mohyves aris safondo<br />
bazris Seqmnis stimulireba. amas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs im pirobebSi,<br />
rodesac safondo bazari TiTqmis ar funqcionirebs. aRniSnuli faqtorebi<br />
xels Seuwyobs mwarmoeblurobis amaRlebas, rac mSp-s gazrdisa da<br />
dasaqmebis donis gadidebis winapirobaa. garda amisa mosaxleobas<br />
saSualeba eqneba safondo bazris saSualebiT SeiZinos aqciebi,<br />
romlidanac miRebuli dividendebi damatebiTi Semosavlis wyaro iqneba.<br />
yovelive amas ki mohyveba qveynis ekonomkiuri zrda.<br />
miuxedavad amisa arsebobs uaryofiTi mxarec, aqcenti keTdeba fasze da ara<br />
im pirobebze, romlis SeTavazebac surs saxelmwifos myidvelisaTvis,<br />
amitom SesaZlebelia moxdes saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi interesebis<br />
Selaxva.<br />
status qvo gulisxmobs arsebuli mdgomareobis SenarCunebas. materialuri<br />
da aramaterialuri aqtivebi saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSia da ganwirulia<br />
gaZarcva-ganadgurebisaTvis. im pirobebSi, rodesac saxelmwifos ar gaaCnia<br />
saWiro finansebi, isini ver moitanen fiskalur efeqts, ver Seqmnian samuSao<br />
adgilebs anu ver gazrdian dasaqmebis dones, ver uzrunvelyofen mSp-s<br />
zrdas da maSasadame, ver miiRweva qveynis ekonomikuri zrda.<br />
25
problemebis gadaWris gzebi da rekomendaciebi<br />
privatizaciis swrafad da efeqturad warmarTva mniSvnelovnad<br />
ganapirobebs sabazro ekonomikaze gardamavali qveynis ekonomikis<br />
gajansaRebas. aqedan gamomdinare mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia teritoriul<br />
organoebTan organizaciuli muSaobis kursi momavalSi aRebul iqnas<br />
optimalur decentralizaciaze, adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa da<br />
TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis rolis gazrdaze.<br />
amasTanave, unda aRiniSnos, rom teritoriuli organoebis saqmianobis erTerT<br />
ZiriTad mimarTulebas warmoadgens <strong>konkursi</strong> da <strong>ijara</strong>-gamosyidvis<br />
formiT gacemuli obieqtebis, aseve saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli formebiT gacemuli qonebis myidvelebTan da<br />
moijareebTan dadebuli xelSekrulebebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanxis<br />
vadebSi gadaxdisa da xelSekrulebebis pirobebis Sesrulebis monitoringi.<br />
teritoriuli organoebis mier privatizebuli obieqtebis myidvelebTan<br />
dadebuli xelSekrulebebiT gansazRvruli Tanxebis gadaxdis<br />
monitoringTan erTad mosawesrigebelia xelSekrulebebiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli sakonkurso pirobebis Sesrulebis kontrolic.<br />
aRniSnuli sakiTxis mosawesrigeblad da kontrolis meqanizmis<br />
srulyofisaTvis aucilebelia gasatarebel RonisZiebaTa nusxaSi<br />
teritoriuli organoebis saqmianobis kompleqsuri da Tematuri Semowmebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebac, sadac yuradReba gamaxvildeba aseve teritoriuli<br />
organoebis mier kanonmdeblobis sxva normatiuli aqtebis Sesrulebaze<br />
kontrolis ganxorcielebis saqmeSi, rac gamoixateba saxelmwifo qonebis<br />
privatizebis procesSi saxelmwifo makontrolebeli organoebis<br />
gaanalizebis gatarebaSi.<br />
yvelaze, mniSvnelovani sakiTxis Sesaxeb, romelic Seexeba realuri<br />
antikorufciuli RonisZiebebis gatarebas teritoriul organoebSi.<br />
calsaxad unda iTqvas, rom, marTalia teritoriuli organoebis muSaobis<br />
kontrolis gamkacreba aucilebelia, magram es problemis gadaWris erTerTi<br />
mxarea da mxolod am mimarTulebiT muSaoba praqtikulad<br />
mniSvnelovan Sedegs ver gamoiRebs. korufciis SemcirebisaTvis aranakleb<br />
mniSvnelovania sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis gatareba, raTa optimalurad<br />
iqnes moxsnili winaaRmdegobebi, romelic dRes arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT<br />
xels uwyobs an SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos garkveul garigebebs privatizebis<br />
procesSi. paralelurad, adgilobrivi marTvelobis organoebTan<br />
urTierTTanamSromlobiT saWiroa moxelis Sromis anazRaurebis gazrdis<br />
Sesaxeb sakiTxis SemuSaveba.<br />
mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis aqciebis<br />
saxiT gankerZoveba, romlis mixedviTac safondo bazarze saprivatizacio<br />
obieqtebi gamotanili iqneba ara mTliani paketebis saxiT, aramed nawilnawil<br />
aqciebis mixedviT. es procesi erTis mxriv xels Seuwyobs safondo<br />
birJis ganviTarebas, romelic sakmaod dabal donezea ganviTarebuli,<br />
xolo meores mxriv xels Seuwyobs investciebis mozidvas, rac arsebiTad<br />
mniSvnelovania qveynis ekonomikisaTvis.<br />
sakuTrebis reformaciis Sesaxeb sakanonmdeblo aqtebis miRebisas<br />
aucilebelia maTi saguldagulo eqspertiza imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra<br />
26
gavlenas moaxdens isini korufciis gavrcelebaze da mTlianad<br />
sazogadoebisa da ekonomikis kriminalizaciaze. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda<br />
iTqvas, rom Tavad privatizacia mZlavri antikorufciuli saSualebaa, ase<br />
mag. sawarmos gankerZoebisas azrs kargavs iseTi mankieri movlenebi,<br />
rogoricaa: qurdoba, dataceba, gaflangva, Semosavlebis damalva, miwerebi,<br />
arakompetenturoba, araprofesionalizmi, saqmisadmi zerele<br />
damokidebuleba da a.S.<br />
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT privatizaciis formebis regulireba<br />
xorcieldeba kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebiT, brZanebebiT. umjobesi<br />
iqneba kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebi moqceul iqnas ZiriTad kanonSi<br />
an Seiqmnas axali kanoni, romelSic gansazRvruli iqneba yvela norma,<br />
romelic mocemulia kanonqvemdebare normatiul aqtebSi.<br />
saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministros brZaneba `saxelmwifo qonebis<br />
<strong>auqcioni</strong>s formiT privatizebis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~<br />
da saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministros brZaneba `saxelmwifo qonebis<br />
<strong>ijara</strong>-gamosyidvis formiT privatizebis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis<br />
Taobaze~ saWiroeben redaqtiul daxvewas, radgan aRniSnuli saministro<br />
amJamad aRar funqcionirebs.<br />
privatizaciis procesis efeqturad warmarTvisaTvis aucilebelia<br />
stabiluri garemos Seqmna, rogorc politikaSi iseve kanonmdeblobaSi.<br />
mniSvnelovania imis codna Tu ramdenad stabiluria xelisufleba,<br />
ramdenad SeuZlia mTavrobas Tavisi politikis cxovrebaSi gatareba.<br />
socialuri daZabuloba da mRelvareba, sul mcire, arRvevs sawarmoo<br />
procesis normalur mimdinareobas da zRudavs produqciis gasaRebis<br />
process, yovelive es qmnis araxelsayrel garemos investorisaTvis. ara<br />
prognozirebadi garemo kidev ufro gaurkvevels xdis ucxoeli<br />
investorisaTvis, ris gamoc gazrdili riskis pirobebSi isini umeteswilad<br />
toveben regions. qveyanaSi demokratiuli gardaqmnis stabiluroba ki<br />
samewarmeo aqtiurobis winapirobaa.<br />
saxelmwifos mflobelobaSi darCenili saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis<br />
umravlesobis ararentabelurobis gamosworebis mizniT aucilebelia<br />
restruqturizacia, reabilitacia an likvidacia, raTa aRniSnuli<br />
sawarmoebi mimzidveli gaxdes investorebisaTvis.<br />
27
daskvna<br />
saqarTvelosa da sxva postsocialistur qveynebSi mimdinareobs<br />
transformaciis procesi, romelic gulisxmobs socialisturi sistemis<br />
kapitalisturi sistemiT Secvlas, rogorc revoluciuri ise evoluciuri<br />
gziT.<br />
transformacia SeiZleba iyos sistemuri da instituciuri. es ukanaskneli<br />
gamoixateba: sabazro urTierTobebis CamoyalibebiT, kerZo seqtoris<br />
damkvidrebiT, sakuTrebis da Tavisufali konkurenciis pirobebSi<br />
saxelmwifo garantiis dakanonebiT, saxelmwifo sakuTrebis gankerZoebiT<br />
da privatizaciis procesis ganxorcielebiT.<br />
amdenad, privatizacia xels uwyobs ekonomikis sxvadasxva sferoSi sabazro<br />
Zalebis zemoqmedebas, rac pirvel rigSi sasargebloa momxmareblisaTvis,<br />
radganac privatizebuli obieqtebis efeqturobis amaRlebiT sTavazobs maT<br />
SedarebiT dabal fasebsa da Tavisufali arCevanis saSualebas.<br />
amasTan, privatizacia zrdis investiciebis mozidvis SesaZleblobas, rac<br />
Sromis nayofierebis gazrdisa da fasis Semcirebis saSualebas iZleva.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom privatizacia yovelTvis ganixileboda, rogorc meTodi,<br />
romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebelia erTi dartymiT (xelis mosmiT)<br />
saxelmwifo seqtoris Secvla kerZo seqtoriT.<br />
privatizaciis dros saxelmwifo xarjebi saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi<br />
arsebuli obieqtebis dafinansebaze mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba da dadis<br />
nulamde. aqedan gamomdinare, saprivatizacio kompaniebis aqtivebisa da<br />
maTi aqciebis gayidva, Sesabamisad xels uwyobs saxelmwifo Semosavlebis<br />
zrdas.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom mxolod masobrivi daCqarebuli privatizeba efeqtiani ar<br />
aris da, piriqiT, Tu saxelmwifo sustia da konkurencias ar aqvs adgili,<br />
maSin igi SeiZleba sakuTrebis gadanawilebis meqanizmad mogvevlinos<br />
mcirericxovan privilegirebul Cinovnikebis xelSi.<br />
gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba eniWeba mcire mewarmeobis stimulirebas,<br />
kerZo seqtori TviTdafinansebis safuZvelze ganviTarebis mizniT.<br />
privatizebuli sawarmos umoqmedoba, an Tundac mcire simZlavriT muSaoba,<br />
mcire rentabeloba transformaciuli krizisis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezia.<br />
privatizaciis procesis ganxorcielebam aucileblad unda gamoiwvios<br />
efeqtiani mesakuTris Camoyalibeba. es ukanaskneli ki saSualo fenis<br />
formirebis winapirobaa. sxvanairad, privatizacias azri ekargeba da ver<br />
gamoiRebs sasurvel da umTavres Sedegs, rasac qveynis socialurekonomikuri<br />
winsvla warmoadgens.<br />
amrigad, privatizeba warmoadgens ekonomikuri efeqturobis gazrdis erTerT<br />
saSualebas. igi arsebiTi da mniSvnelovani movlenaa, misi sworad<br />
warmarTva dadebiT gavlenas axdens saxelmwifos ekonomikur ganviTarebaze.<br />
28
informaciis wyaroebi<br />
<strong>1.</strong> `mosaxleoba cifrebSi~_statistikuri krebuli. Tbilisi, 2004<br />
<strong>2.</strong> meqvabiSvili e. `ekonomikuri reformebis meore etapis prioritetuli;<br />
mimarTulebebis gansazRvris sakiTxisaTvis~ Tbilisi, 1997;<br />
<strong>3.</strong> mesxia i. `saqarTvelos ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis konceptualuri<br />
sakiTxebi~. J. ,,ekonomika~, # 1_3, Tbilisi, 1996;<br />
<strong>4.</strong> saqarTvelos ekonomikuri saministros veb-gverdi. www.privatization.ge;<br />
5. saxelmwifo qonebis marTva: privatizeba da normatiuli dokumentebi<br />
Tbilisi, 2003;<br />
6. saqarTvelos strategiuli kvlevebisa da ganviTarebis centri #44<br />
Tbilisi, 2000;<br />
7. saqarTvelos strategiuli kvlevebisa da ganviTarebis centri #62<br />
Tbilisi, 2001;<br />
8. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi kvartaluri mimoxilva #1 #2<br />
Tbilisi, 2004;<br />
9. saqarTvelos socialur_ekonomikuri ganviTarebis 2003 wlis<br />
indikatiuri gegma, Tbilisi, 2002;<br />
10. saqarTvelos socialur_ekonomikuri ganviTarebis 2001_2005 wlis<br />
indikatiuri gegma, Tbilisi, 2001;<br />
1<strong>1.</strong> saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da siRaribis daZlevis<br />
programa, sadiskusio masala, Tbilisi, 2003;<br />
1<strong>2.</strong> saqarTvelos kanoni ,,2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb~ Tbilisi,<br />
2003;<br />
1<strong>3.</strong> saqarTvelos kanoni ,,2005 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb~ Tbilisi,<br />
2004;<br />
1<strong>4.</strong> saqarTvelos kanoni ,,mewarmeTa Sesaxeb”, Tbilisi, 1994;<br />
15. saqarTvelos kanoni ,,miwebis registraciis Sesaxeb”, Tbilisi, 1999;<br />
16. saqarTvelos kanoni ,,momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb”,<br />
Tbilisi, 1996;<br />
17. saqarTvelos kanoni ,,saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis Sesaxeb”,<br />
Tbilisi, 1997;<br />
18. saqarTvelos kanoni ,,sainvesticio saqmianobis xelSewyobisa da<br />
privatizebis Sesaxeb”, Tbilisi, 1996;<br />
19. saqarTvelos kanoni ,,sasoflo_sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis sakuTrebis<br />
Sesaxeb”, Tbilisi, 1996;<br />
20. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri usafTxoebis koncefcia. Tbilisi 2003;<br />
2<strong>1.</strong> xaraiSvili e. `ekonomikur-organizaciul urTierTobaTa sistema~;<br />
2<strong>2.</strong> xaritonaSvili j. `msoflio globaluri problemebi~, Tbilisi, 2001;<br />
2<strong>3.</strong> papava vl. `postkomunisturi kapitalizmis ekonomika da saqarTvelos<br />
ekonomika~. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis, Tbilisi, 200<strong>2.</strong><br />
29
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