preme1.chp:Corel VENTURA - TRIESTE Books

Dolgotrajna obnova: obilje in slabosti Marshallovega plana na Svobodnem tr‘a{kem ozemlju 383
da je v klju~nih letih oblikovanja obeh taborov v hladni vojni tvegala, da so jo kritizirali zaradi
premajhne liberalnosti?
Naj uporabimo besede samih zavezni{kih ~astnikov: »the situation was so desperate that
AMG had to move and move rapidly with the tools at hand«. Izdelali so na~rt, s katerim bi
zaprosili za financiranje na podlagi US Foreign Assistance Act iz leta 1948; na~rt je temeljil na
ciljih tega zakona in sicer:
1 – Promoting industrial and agricultural production in order to enable the participating country
to become independent of extraordinary outside economic assistance […] projects for increased
production of coal, steel, transportation facilities, and food;
2 – Taking financial and monetary measures necessary to stabilize its currency […] to balance its
governmental budget as soon as practicable […];
3 – Cooperating with other participating countries in facilitating and stimulating an increase in
interchange of goods and services […];
4 – Making efficient and practical use within the framework of a joint programme for European
recovery […] 10 .
Poleg tega se je tudi novi direktor za gospodarstvo in finance pri ZVU – civilist, ki so ga
poslali v Trst prav z namenom, da bi od blizu spremljal mno‘i~ni pritok sredstev, poslanih iz
Washingtona – kmalu prilagodil operativni praksi ZVU: dejansko je podprl izbiro, da se ve~ji
del sredstev nameni za razvoj ladjedelni{tva: »we developed the Marshall plan very rapidly
because Trieste was small and because it was largely a problem of putting the shipyards to
work. 11 «
Na podlagi tak{nih direktiv je bil izdelan pregledni na~rt, ki je vseboval tudi okvirno bilanco
s pripadajo~imi finan~nimi odhodki:
Financing of Trieste’s Economic Recovery Programme 1948-52
Recapitulation
Investment Programme by Category
A. Shipbuilding Lire 51,000,000,000
B. Industrial Reconstruction and Modernization “ 9,000,000,000
C. Fisheries and Fish Canning “ 1,560,000,000
D. Tourist Facilities “ 900,000,000
E. Housing “ 2,100,000,000
F. Port and Industrial Zone Development “ 1,900,000,000
G. Rehabilitation of Public Utilities “ 985,000,000
H. Agricultural Development “ 1,250,000,000
I. Petroleum Refining “ 4,600,000,000
Lire 73,295,000,000
Izbira v prid ladjedelni{tva je imela znatno politi~no komponento, saj so bile tr‘i{ke, tr‘a{ke
in miljske ladjedelnice prava trdnjava komunisti~nih sindikatov in organizacij 12 ,mo~no
anga‘iranih za projugoslovansko re{itev ozemeljskega spora z epicentrom v Trstu – s tem pa so
bile tudi na protizavezni{kih in protizahodnih stali{~ih.
Zavezni{ka voja{ka uprava je v vmesni analizi prikazala dose‘ke pri uporabi sredstev iz ERP,
a tudi na~ela, ki jim je pri tem sledila, in pa nespodbudno, a stvarno oceno o pomenu dose‘enih
rezultatov: