enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS - Tbilisi State ...

faqtorebic, romlebic zemoqmedebas axdenen leqsikuri erTeulis zemoT
naxseneb semantikur doneze (originalis, mTargmnelis, misi Tanadrouli
Tu momdevno xanis, bilingvuri Tu mxolod mSobliur enaze molaparake
mkiTxvelis doneze).
rodesac qarTvel pirvelmTargmnelTa winaSe mdgar sirTuleebze
vlaparakobdiT, da, aqedan gamomdinare maT Rvawlze qarTuli enis leqsikuri
fondis semantikur Tu formalur gamdidrebaSi, vgulisxmobdiT,
magaliTad Semdeg viTarebas: sxvadasxva enas sxvadasxva semantikuri jgufisaTvis
sityvaTa sxvadasxva raodenoba aqvs. Sesabamisad, enas SeuZlia
cneba an diferencirebulad gamoxatos, an zogadad. aqedan gamomdinare,
originalisa da Targmanis Sesatyvisobis ama Tu im doneze misaRwevad
mTargmneli sxvadasxva gadawyvetilebis winaSe dgas. garda amisa, leqsikur
ekvivalentebs sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxva semantikuri veli aqvT,
amdenad maTi ekvivalenturoba, faqtobrivad, konteqstzea damokidebuli
(Dorival... 1988:245) . imis mixedviT, Tu sityvasityviTobis ra xarisxis
miRweva unda mTargmnels, xdeba enaSi arsebuli viTarebis – sityvis semantikis
– cvla. amdenad, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikuri fondis Seswavla
wmida werilis Targmanis teqnikis SeswavlasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
statiaSi Cvenc am kuTxiT warmovadgenT fsalmunTa wignis leqsikis
suraTs.
ucxo semantikis teqstis leqsika, sazogadod, sxvadasxvagvarad
gadmodis TargmanSi (Tov 1999):
1. transliteraciiT: aseTia ebrauli da berZnuli sityvebi, romlebic
an sakuTar saxelebs gadmoscemen, an teqnikur terminebs, an mTargmnelisaTvis
gaugebar sityvebs, umetesad hapax legomenon-ebs.
2. nasesxebi sityvebiT: sityvebiT, romlebic mocemuli teqstis
Targmnamdea nasesxebi da damkvidrebuli enaSi. es sityvebi SeiZleba
momdinareobdes, an ar momdinareobdes im enidan, saidanac xdeba mocemuli
teqstis Targmna.
3. homofonuri, msgavsi JReradobis sityvebiT, romlebsac zogjer
erTi da igive mniSvneloba aqvs Targmanisa da saTargmn enaSi.
4. Targmanis enis leqsikiT, romelic sxvadasxva TvalsazrisiT
SeiZleba Seesabamebodes dedans: semantikurad da formalurad (danelia
1998:58-75).
pirveli, semantikuri Sesabamisoba iSviaTad aris sruli, umetes
SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs saTargmni an Targmanis sityvis semantikis Seviwroebas
an gafarToebas. aseT SemTxvevaSi konkretuli mniSvnelobis mini-
Weba sityvisTvis mxolod konteqstiT xdeba. amgvari Sesatyvisobebi semantikuri
neologizmebic SeiZleba iyos. semantikur neologizmebs xSirad
adgili aqvs ucxo idiomebis sityvasityviT gadmotanisas, anda maSin, rodesac
mTargmneli myarad icavs leqsikuri ekvivalenturobis princips da
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