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#3(34)'12 #3(34)'12

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aris marTlzomieri mflobeli, Tumca misi mflobeloba ar aris samarTlebrivad ugulebelyofili faqti da SesaZloa, is gaxdes mesakuTre garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas. xandazmulobiT mflobels SeuZlia moiTxovos rogorc mflobelobis aRdgena, ise xelSeSlis aRkveTa mesame pirTa mxridan, romlebic Tavad warmoadgenen utitulo mflobelebs. 38 6.3. rusuli samarTlis midgoma rusuli samoqalaqo samarTali sabWouri gamocdilebis erTguli darCa da is srulyofilad ar ganamtkicebs mflobelobiT dacvas (civilistTa erTi nawili, mesakuTris garda, sxva titulovani mflobelis sarCels ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, mflobelobiT sarCels uwodebs, rac ar aris marTebuli). doqtrinaSi arsebobs mosazreba mflobelobiTi dacvis aRdgenis Taobaze: ruseTis sasamarTlo sistemaSi, sadac saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis dadgenilia xangrZlivi vadebi, saWiroa, samoqalaqo uflebaTa dacvis gamartiveba. uflebaTa dacva efeqtiania maSin, roca is Tanadroulia. xolo dacvis Tanadrouloba damokidebulia imaze, Tu procesualuri saqmianoba rogor asaxavs sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvis simartivesa da siCqares. 39 ruseTis sk icnobs mflobelobiTi dacvis mxolod erT SemTxvevas, kerZod, keTilsindisieri da sakuTrad flobis ganzraxvis mqone xandazmuli mflobeli daculia utitulo mflobelisagan, magram ara mesakuTris an sxva marTlzomier mflobelTa mier ganxorcielebuli xelyofisagan (234-e muxlis me-2 nawili). 40 mflobelobiTi dacvis aRdgenis mowinaaRmdegeTa poziciiT, am dacvas aqvs droebiTi xasiaTi, mas ar SeuZlia ugulebelyos ZiriTadi sarCeli uflebis Sesaxeb. amdenad, isedac datvirTuli sasamarTlos saqmianobis damZimeba axali saxis procesiT, miuRebelia. amasTan, mflobelobiTi sarCeli yovelTvis idga kerZo da sajaro samarTlis zRvarze, mis dacvas unda axorcielebdes ara sasamarTlo, aramed samarTaldamcavi organoebi, radgan maTi funqciaa pirovnebisa da marTlwesrigis dacva, rasac emsaxureba mflobelobiTi dacvac. aseve, dRes, roca uZrav nivTze sakuTrebis warmoSobis procesi saxelmwifo reestris mwarmoebel organoebSia Tavmoyrili, modave mxaris mier uflebis damadasturebeli sabuTis wardgenisas, SeuZlebelia, is sasamarTlom ar miiRos mxedvelobaSi da daakmayofilos posesoruli sarCeli. es ewinaaRmdegeba sasamar- Tlos saqmianobis principebsa da registraciis sistemis sandoobas. 41 6.4. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis normebi mflobelobiTi dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos sk-is 160-161-e muxlebi ganamtkiceben mflobelobiT dacvas. isini icaven mflobelobas xelyofisgan, erTi mxriv, nivTis mflobelobaSi dabrunebisa da meore mxriv, mflobelobis ganxorcielebisas xelSeSlis aRkveTis gziT. es normebi moqmedebs mxolod keTilsindisieri mflobelis mimarT, romelSic samoqalaqo kodeqsi gulisxmobs rogorc marTlzomier, ise aramarTlzomier mflobels. keTilsindisier (aramarTlzomier) mflobels mflobelobiTi dacvis ganxorcieleba SeuZlia rogorc sxva utitulo mflobelis, ise titulovani mflobelis mimarT. keTilsindisier mflobels ufleba aqvs 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi moiTxovos nivTis dabruneba axali mflobelisagan. sasamarTlom unda gamoarkvios axali mflobelis uflebrivi damokidebuleba da Tu mas meti safuZveli aqvs nivTis flobisa, keTilsindisieri mflobeli dakargavs mflobelobis aRdgenis SesaZleblobas. 42 es wesi ar moqmedebs maSin, rodesac ukeTesi uflebis mqone piri (mesakuTre, sxva kanonieri mflobeli) Zaladobis an motyuebis gziT CamoarTmevs nivTs mflobels, rogorc naklebi uflebis mqones. 19

marTlmsajuleba N3 da kanoni Tu mflobelobis xelyofa ar aris dakavSirebuli nivTis mflobelobis CamorTmevasTan, aramed mflobelobis ganxorcielebaSi saxezea xelSeSla, keTilsindisier mflobels aqvs xel- SeSlis aRkveTis moTxovna, aseve, xelyofiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis moTxovna, Tu SeuZlebelia xelSeSlis aRkveTis moTxovnis ganxorcieleba (161-e muxli). saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom erT-erTi gadawyvetilebiT, 159-e muxlis safuZvelze, keTilsindisier mflobelad aRiara saqmian urTierTobebSi aseTad miCneuli piri, mesakuTre, romelsac kuTvnili miwis nakveTis mimdebare nakveTi ar hqonda daregistrirebuli da arc miumarTavs sajaro reestrisaTvis mis mesakuTred aRiarebis Taobaze da mas sk-is 161-e muxlze dayrdnobiT mianiWa mflobelobis ukanono xelSeSlis aRkveTis moTxovnis ufleba. 43 mflobelobiTi dacvis moTxovnis buneba ar icvleba imiT, Tu uflebis dacvis romeli uwyebisaTvis aris mimarTuli _ sasamarTlosaTvis Tu administraciuli organosaTvis. pirvel Sem- TxvevaSi, is warmoadgens sarCels, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ gancxadebas. 44 am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa, saqarTvelos sk-is 172-e muxlis me-3 nawili, romelic mesakuTris sasamarTlomde dacvis uflebas ganamtkicebs samarTaldamcavi organosaTvis mimarTvis da misTvis sakuTrebis uflebis damadasturebeli dokumentis wardgenis gziT. aRniSnuli, Tavisi arsiT posesoruli dacvaa, radgan Sesabamisi organo ZiriTadad, faqtobrivi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT moqmedebs. marTalia, mas waredgineba sakuTrebis uflebis damadasturebeli dokumenti, magram es mflobelobis uflebrivi safuZvlis zedapiruli Semowmebaa. amas adasturebs is faqti, rom xelmyofis mier aseve, sakuTrebis an sxva uflebaze damyarebuli marTlzomieri mflobelobis damadasturebeli werilobiTi sabuTis wardgenisas, davis gadawyveta samarTaldamcavi organos kompetencias scildeba da sasamarTloSi gadadis. 7. TviTdacva mflobelobiTi dacvisagan gansxvavdeba TviTdacva. amasTan, mflobelobis dacva aseve, uzrunvelyofilia TviTdacvis gziT. TviTdacvis, TviTdaxmarebis ufleba samoqalaqo samarTlis nebismier subieqts aqvs. mflobelobiTi dacvisagan gansxvavebiT, romliTac ver sargeblobs mWeri, TviTdacva romis samarTlidan moyolebuli misTvisac xelmisawvdomia. Tu winare saxelmwifoebriobis xanaSi TviTneboba dazaralebulis interesebis dacvis damkvidrebuli wesia, saxelmwifo Tavisi arsebobis pirvelive safexurze miznad isaxavs, Surisgebis miswrafeba garkveul farglebSi moaqcios. 45 Tanamedrove marTlwesrigi individebs ukrZalavs samarTlebrivi davebis gadawyvetas TviTneburad, TviTgasamarTlebis gziT, radgan marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis monopolia saxelmwifo xelisuflebas aqvs miniWebuli. Tumca, arsebobs kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili gamonaklisi, rodesac mkacrad gansazRvruli winapirobebis arsebobisas individs SeuZlia Tavisi uflebis dacvis an maTi droebiT uzrunvelyofis mizniT Zalis gamoyeneba, Tu SeuZlebelia saxelmwifos mxridan drouli daxmareba. 46 TviTdacva gulisxmobs piris faqtobriv moqmedebas samoqalaqo uflebisa da kanoniT daculi interesis dacvisaTvis, romelsac is damoukideblad axorcielebs, saxelmwifo organoebisaTvis daxmarebis mimarTvis gareSe. 47 mflobelobiTi dacvis TvalsazrisiT, es niSnavs, piris SesaZleblobas damoukideblad miiRos zomebi darRveuli mflobelobis aRsadgenad. TviTdacvas adgili aqvs maSin, rodesac piri mflobels ukanonod waarTmevs mflobelobas an xels SeuSlis mflobelobis ganxorcielebaSi. TviTdacvis ufleba uflebamosil pirs aqvs, rogorc samarTaldamrRvevis, ise misi memkvidris an im piris mimarT, vinc nivTis SeZenisas icoda mflobelobis xarvezis Sesaxeb. 48 TviTdacva ar xorcieldeba nivTis mesakuTris mimarT. germaniis sk-is 859-e paragrafis mixedviT, mflobels SeuZlia win aRudges akrZalul TviTnebobas, Tu moZrav nivTs ZaliT waarTmeven. mas SeuZlia Zalis gamoyenebiT waarTvas is damrRvevs 20

marTlmsajuleba<br />

N3<br />

da<br />

kanoni<br />

Tu mflobelobis xelyofa ar aris dakavSirebuli nivTis mflobelobis CamorTmevasTan,<br />

aramed mflobelobis ganxorcielebaSi saxezea xelSeSla, keTilsindisier mflobels aqvs xel-<br />

SeSlis aRkveTis moTxovna, aseve, xelyofiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis moTxovna, Tu SeuZlebelia<br />

xelSeSlis aRkveTis moTxovnis ganxorcieleba (161-e muxli). saqarTvelos uzenaesma<br />

sasamarTlom erT-erTi gadawyvetilebiT, 159-e muxlis safuZvelze, keTilsindisier mflobelad<br />

aRiara saqmian urTierTobebSi aseTad miCneuli piri, mesakuTre, romelsac kuTvnili miwis<br />

nakveTis mimdebare nakveTi ar hqonda daregistrirebuli da arc miumarTavs sajaro reestrisaTvis<br />

mis mesakuTred aRiarebis Taobaze da mas sk-is 161-e muxlze dayrdnobiT mianiWa mflobelobis<br />

ukanono xelSeSlis aRkveTis moTxovnis ufleba. 43<br />

mflobelobiTi dacvis moTxovnis buneba ar icvleba imiT, Tu uflebis dacvis romeli uwyebisaTvis<br />

aris mimarTuli _ sasamarTlosaTvis Tu administraciuli organosaTvis. pirvel Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi, is warmoadgens sarCels, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ gancxadebas. 44 am TvalsazrisiT<br />

sainteresoa, saqarTvelos sk-is 172-e muxlis me-3 nawili, romelic mesakuTris sasamarTlomde<br />

dacvis uflebas ganamtkicebs samarTaldamcavi organosaTvis mimarTvis da misTvis sakuTrebis<br />

uflebis damadasturebeli dokumentis wardgenis gziT. aRniSnuli, Tavisi arsiT posesoruli<br />

dacvaa, radgan Sesabamisi organo ZiriTadad, faqtobrivi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT moqmedebs.<br />

marTalia, mas waredgineba sakuTrebis uflebis damadasturebeli dokumenti, magram es<br />

mflobelobis uflebrivi safuZvlis zedapiruli Semowmebaa. amas adasturebs is faqti, rom xelmyofis<br />

mier aseve, sakuTrebis an sxva uflebaze damyarebuli marTlzomieri mflobelobis damadasturebeli<br />

werilobiTi sabuTis wardgenisas, davis gadawyveta samarTaldamcavi organos kompetencias<br />

scildeba da sasamarTloSi gadadis.<br />

7. TviTdacva<br />

mflobelobiTi dacvisagan gansxvavdeba TviTdacva. amasTan, mflobelobis dacva aseve,<br />

uzrunvelyofilia TviTdacvis gziT. TviTdacvis, TviTdaxmarebis ufleba samoqalaqo samarTlis<br />

nebismier subieqts aqvs. mflobelobiTi dacvisagan gansxvavebiT, romliTac ver sargeblobs<br />

mWeri, TviTdacva romis samarTlidan moyolebuli misTvisac xelmisawvdomia. Tu winare saxelmwifoebriobis<br />

xanaSi TviTneboba dazaralebulis interesebis dacvis damkvidrebuli wesia, saxelmwifo<br />

Tavisi arsebobis pirvelive safexurze miznad isaxavs, Surisgebis miswrafeba garkveul<br />

farglebSi moaqcios. 45 Tanamedrove marTlwesrigi individebs ukrZalavs samarTlebrivi davebis<br />

gadawyvetas TviTneburad, TviTgasamarTlebis gziT, radgan marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis<br />

monopolia saxelmwifo xelisuflebas aqvs miniWebuli. Tumca, arsebobs kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili<br />

gamonaklisi, rodesac mkacrad gansazRvruli winapirobebis arsebobisas individs SeuZlia<br />

Tavisi uflebis dacvis an maTi droebiT uzrunvelyofis mizniT Zalis gamoyeneba, Tu SeuZlebelia<br />

saxelmwifos mxridan drouli daxmareba. 46 TviTdacva gulisxmobs piris faqtobriv moqmedebas<br />

samoqalaqo uflebisa da kanoniT daculi interesis dacvisaTvis, romelsac is damoukideblad<br />

axorcielebs, saxelmwifo organoebisaTvis daxmarebis mimarTvis gareSe. 47<br />

mflobelobiTi dacvis TvalsazrisiT, es niSnavs, piris SesaZleblobas damoukideblad miiRos<br />

zomebi darRveuli mflobelobis aRsadgenad. TviTdacvas adgili aqvs maSin, rodesac piri mflobels<br />

ukanonod waarTmevs mflobelobas an xels SeuSlis mflobelobis ganxorcielebaSi. TviTdacvis<br />

ufleba uflebamosil pirs aqvs, rogorc samarTaldamrRvevis, ise misi memkvidris an im<br />

piris mimarT, vinc nivTis SeZenisas icoda mflobelobis xarvezis Sesaxeb. 48 TviTdacva ar xorcieldeba<br />

nivTis mesakuTris mimarT.<br />

germaniis sk-is 859-e paragrafis mixedviT, mflobels SeuZlia win aRudges akrZalul TviTnebobas,<br />

Tu moZrav nivTs ZaliT waarTmeven. mas SeuZlia Zalis gamoyenebiT waarTvas is damrRvevs<br />

20

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