mariam CxartiSvili
mariam CxartiSvili mariam CxartiSvili
maT moTaveobda ierarqTa sameuli _ qarTlis kaTalikosis, qarTlis mamasaxlisis, qarTlis pitiaxSis SemadgenlobiT. pirveli maTgani, rogorc vxedavT, qarTlis uzenaesi sasuliero xelisufalia, ukanaskneli qvemo qarTlis sapitiaxSos – qarTlis erT-erTi SedarebiT damoukidebeli provinciis gamgebeli. mamasaxlisis uflebamosileba mkvlevarTa mier zustad gansazRvruli araa. rogorc varaudoben, igi samefo saxlis anu gvaris ufrosi warmomadgeneli unda yofiliyo. `mamasaxlisoba~ ufro sapatio movaleoba Cans, vidre realuri Zalaufleba. Tumca, arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom qarTlis mamasaxliss, garkveul sferoebSi, mTeli qveynis masStabiTac ganexorcielebina saero xelisufleba, oRond ara uzenaesi. amas is gvafiqrebinebs, rom is wyaroebSi kaTalikosis Semdgomaa dasaxelebuli. CvenTvis ucnobia, uSualod mefobis SewyvetisTanave, konkretulad vin winamZRvrobda qarTvel didgvarovanT. mxolod VII s. dasawyisidan gvaqvs Sesabamisi cnobebi. qarTvel da somex umRles xelisufalTa Soris, am periodSi mimdinare saeklesio politikuri mimoweris masalaTa krebulidan, e. w. `epistoleTa wignidan~ (SemogvrCa somxur enaze), Cven viciT saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi moRvawe kaTalikosis, mamasaxlisis da pitiaxSis vinaoba. esenia: kirioni, adarnase, arSuSa. qarTuli hagiografiuli qmnileba `wm. evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba~ ki gvisaxelebs momdevno aTwleulSi maT Semcvlel pirT: samoel, grigol, arSuSa. mesame wevri, rogorc vxedavT, igivea. `moqcevai qarTlisai~, Cveulebriv, asaxelebs qarTlis mxolod uzenaes saero da sasuliero xelisufalT. amitom adarnases, grigolisa da arSuSas saxelTa Ziebas aq tyuilad daviwyebT. kirion qarTlis kaTalikosi qronikaSi ratomRac gamorCenilia. igi naxsenebi unda iyos iq, sadac mcxeTis `damcrobis~, Tbilisis `gandidebis~, sparsTa gaZlierebis procesia dafiqsirebuli. samoeli ki swored is samovelia, visi zeobis epoqasac qarTlis `neladre Sekrebis~ faqts ukavSirebs Zveli istorikosi. kirioni Tavdadebuli erovnuli moRvawe Cans. rogorc `epistoleTa wignidan~ xdeba CvenTvis cnobili, igi energiul, Tumca diplomatiurad uaRresad SeniRbul nabijebs dgamda, romlebic mimarTuli iyo qveynis Sinagani erTianobis ganmtkicebisa da iranisagan Tavis daRwevisaken. bizantiasTan dasapirispireblad irani mfarvelobda qristianobis aramarTlmadideblur mimdinareobebs, e. w. `somxur sarwmunoebas~ (anu monofizitobas). kirionma daiwyo sparselTa politikuri batonobis am ideologiuri iaraRisagan gamijvna. moaxerxa kulturul-politikurad garkveulad gankerZoebul qvemo qarTlis sapitiaxSoSi * mRvdelTmsaxurebaSi qarTuli mwignobrobis damkvidreba. kirioni uaRresad moqnili politikosi iyo, magram mdgomareobas is urTulebda, rom mis moqmedebebs somexTa mesveurebi Sahis karze dauyovnebliv aZlevdnen saTanado Sefasebebs. 36
gamorCeul erovnul moRvawed warmogvidgeba samoelic. mis dros qarTlSi imyofeboda sparseTidan mosuli mogvi gvirobandaki, romelic swored qarTuli saeklesio cxovrebis zegavleniT gaqristianda da moinaTla kidec samoelis xeliT. monaTvlis Semdeg mas ewoda `evstaTi~, rac berZnulad `mtkiced mdgoms~ niSnavs. rwmenis Secvlis gamo, sparselebi evstaTis sdevnidnen. samoeli yovelnairad cdilobda mis mfarvelobas, mowameobrivi aRsasrulis Semdeg ki, zrunavda mis pativiT dakrZalvaze. evstaTis gaqristianeba, misi ukompromiso brZola qristes rjulisaTvis, qarTuli ideologiis, da upirvelesad, piradad samoelis didi gamarjveba iyo. kirionisa da samoelis zeoba emTxveva msoflio imperiebis – bizantiisa da iranis xangrZlivi, orive mxarisaTvis Zalagamomcleli Widilis damamTavrebel etaps. riT iyo aRniSnuli epoqa qarTuli erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobisaTvis xelsayreli? es iyo zesaxelmwifoTa `mouclelobis~ xana, ramac Tavis apogeas * miaRwia VII s. 10-ian wlebis dasasrulsa da 20-iani wlebis dasawyisSi. iranma bizantias puriT mdidari egvipte waarTva (619 w.), riTac faqtobrivad sasicocxlo arteria dauxSo. magram amis Semdeg, sul oriode weliwadSi, anu 622 wels gadamwyveti gamarjveba moipova bizantiam. swored mowinaaRmdegeTa ukiduresi daZabulobis es dro – iranis ukanaskneli gamarjvebidan mis pirvel damarcxebamde qarTlSi erovnuli xelisuflebis aRdgenis xanad moiazreba. amrigad, erTi mxriv, eris mesveurTa gonieri mizanmimarTuli moRvaweoba qveynis gaerTianebisaTvis, meore mxriv, xelsayreli saerTaSoriso pirobebi, SesaZlebels xdian guaramis `ganCenas~ erismTavrad. sainteresoa, rom qronisti aqcents Sida procesze akeTebs, da mas Tvlis gadamwyvetad. `tfilisisa mkvidrTa didsa eklesiasa (Seneba _ m. C.) daiwyes. naxevarsa iqmoda yoveli eri, naxevarsa erisTavni~ _ SeniSnavs igi Tbilisis sionis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT. es, albaT, arcaa SemTxveviTi: istorikosi aSkarad cdilobs gvagrZnobinos erovnuli Tanxmobis is atmosfero, romelmac, Cans, mniSvnelovnad ganapiroba darRveuli saxelmwifoebrivi organizmis aRdgena. iranelTa garnizoni kvlav idga TbilisSi da dampyrobTagan sabolood gaTavisuflebamdec jer kidev mZime dReebi iyo gadasatani, magram es iyo qarTlis TandaTanobiT Sekrebisa da gaerTianebis xana. erismTavari stefanoz I `didi stefanoz~ _ ase ixseniebs `moqcevai qarTlisais~ istoriuli qronika qarTlis rigiT meore erismTavars stefanoz guaramis Zes. epiTeti `didi~ aRniSnul ZeglSi (moicavs periods Zv. w. IV saukunidan 37
- Page 1 and 2: saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro sa
- Page 3 and 4: winaTqma fermwers Tvalwin gadaSlili
- Page 5 and 6: viTarebiT, makedonelTagan zurgmomag
- Page 7 and 8: `Tueni gazafxulisani da sTulisa * a
- Page 9 and 10: Ffarsman qveli da farsman avazi `da
- Page 11 and 12: saqme isaa, rom (es garkveulia spec
- Page 13 and 14: dinastiis warmomadgeneli mmarTveleb
- Page 15 and 16: aseTad warmogvidgeba farsmani brZol
- Page 17 and 18: dakavSirebuli SemTxveva erTaderTia
- Page 19 and 20: armenieli anu somxeTis mefe gaxda.
- Page 21 and 22: aq warmodgena Zalian dagvacilebs is
- Page 23 and 24: politikur samyaroSi. amas wers roma
- Page 25 and 26: ar daeswro, TviTon mas gauswordebod
- Page 27 and 28: igiveobriobasTan erTad qmnis safuZv
- Page 29 and 30: akur revis Zis mefoba sakmaod xangr
- Page 31 and 32: sardalia, e. i. bavSvi aRar aris, T
- Page 33 and 34: yovelsa mosaxveWelsa~, _ qarTvelTag
- Page 35: eZRvneba. amasTan erTad, mokle qron
- Page 39 and 40: adgili aqac ukavia stefanozs - komp
- Page 41 and 42: centralur xelisuflebasTan dapirispi
- Page 43 and 44: ganmatrebiTi leqsikoni * albaneTi _
- Page 45: gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi
maT moTaveobda ierarqTa sameuli _ qarTlis kaTalikosis, qarTlis<br />
mamasaxlisis, qarTlis pitiaxSis SemadgenlobiT. pirveli maTgani,<br />
rogorc vxedavT, qarTlis uzenaesi sasuliero xelisufalia,<br />
ukanaskneli qvemo qarTlis sapitiaxSos – qarTlis erT-erTi SedarebiT<br />
damoukidebeli provinciis gamgebeli. mamasaxlisis uflebamosileba<br />
mkvlevarTa mier zustad gansazRvruli araa. rogorc varaudoben, igi<br />
samefo saxlis anu gvaris ufrosi warmomadgeneli unda yofiliyo.<br />
`mamasaxlisoba~ ufro sapatio movaleoba Cans, vidre realuri<br />
Zalaufleba. Tumca, arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom qarTlis mamasaxliss,<br />
garkveul sferoebSi, mTeli qveynis masStabiTac ganexorcielebina saero<br />
xelisufleba, oRond ara uzenaesi. amas is gvafiqrebinebs, rom is<br />
wyaroebSi kaTalikosis Semdgomaa dasaxelebuli.<br />
CvenTvis ucnobia, uSualod mefobis SewyvetisTanave, konkretulad<br />
vin winamZRvrobda qarTvel didgvarovanT. mxolod VII s. dasawyisidan<br />
gvaqvs Sesabamisi cnobebi. qarTvel da somex umRles xelisufalTa<br />
Soris, am periodSi mimdinare saeklesio politikuri mimoweris masalaTa<br />
krebulidan, e. w. `epistoleTa wignidan~ (SemogvrCa somxur enaze), Cven<br />
viciT saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi moRvawe kaTalikosis, mamasaxlisis<br />
da pitiaxSis vinaoba. esenia: kirioni, adarnase, arSuSa. qarTuli<br />
hagiografiuli qmnileba `wm. evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba~ ki<br />
gvisaxelebs momdevno aTwleulSi maT Semcvlel pirT: samoel, grigol,<br />
arSuSa. mesame wevri, rogorc vxedavT, igivea.<br />
`moqcevai qarTlisai~, Cveulebriv, asaxelebs qarTlis mxolod<br />
uzenaes saero da sasuliero xelisufalT. amitom adarnases, grigolisa<br />
da arSuSas saxelTa Ziebas aq tyuilad daviwyebT. kirion qarTlis<br />
kaTalikosi qronikaSi ratomRac gamorCenilia. igi naxsenebi unda iyos<br />
iq, sadac mcxeTis `damcrobis~, Tbilisis `gandidebis~, sparsTa<br />
gaZlierebis procesia dafiqsirebuli. samoeli ki swored is samovelia,<br />
visi zeobis epoqasac qarTlis `neladre Sekrebis~ faqts ukavSirebs<br />
Zveli istorikosi. kirioni Tavdadebuli erovnuli moRvawe Cans.<br />
rogorc `epistoleTa wignidan~ xdeba CvenTvis cnobili, igi energiul,<br />
Tumca diplomatiurad uaRresad SeniRbul nabijebs dgamda, romlebic<br />
mimarTuli iyo qveynis Sinagani erTianobis ganmtkicebisa da iranisagan<br />
Tavis daRwevisaken. bizantiasTan dasapirispireblad irani mfarvelobda<br />
qristianobis aramarTlmadideblur mimdinareobebs, e. w. `somxur<br />
sarwmunoebas~ (anu monofizitobas). kirionma daiwyo sparselTa<br />
politikuri batonobis am ideologiuri iaraRisagan gamijvna. moaxerxa<br />
kulturul-politikurad garkveulad gankerZoebul qvemo qarTlis<br />
sapitiaxSoSi * mRvdelTmsaxurebaSi qarTuli mwignobrobis damkvidreba.<br />
kirioni uaRresad moqnili politikosi iyo, magram mdgomareobas is<br />
urTulebda, rom mis moqmedebebs somexTa mesveurebi Sahis karze<br />
dauyovnebliv aZlevdnen saTanado Sefasebebs.<br />
36
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