mariam CxartiSvili
mariam CxartiSvili mariam CxartiSvili
politikur samyaroSi bakuris mniSvnelobas kargad aCvenebs faqti, romelic arwerili aqvs petre iberis siriuli `cxovrebis~ avtors. sparsTa laSqarSi samokavSireo xelSekrulebiT myofma bakurma, yvela sxva sardlisagan gansxvavebiT, Tayvani ar sca mzes da amis mizezad Tavisi qristianoba daasaxela. amgvari gulaxdilobiT gancvifrebulni da Seuracxyofilni darCenilan sparselebi, magram iZulebulni gamxdaran moeTminaT `es aris bakuriosi da Cven is gvWirdeba, ra unda vuyoT mas~, – uTqvams sparsTa mefes TavisianebisaTvis. `yovelni dReni cxovrebisa misisani didsa sarwmunoebasa Sina aRasrulna~ – ase ajamebs bakurze monaTxrobs leonti mroveli. petre iberis biografi, am TvalsazrisiT, konkretul, metad STambeWdav faqtebs gvawvdis. igi mogviTxrobs, rom bakuri zedmiwevniT misdevda marxvas, locvas, mowyalebis gacemas. kviraSi samjer sakuTari xeliT gvida qalaqis eklesias, Tavis damcirebad ar Tvlida sasaxleSi emzadebina saWmeli da TviTonve waeRo RaribTa TavSesafarSi. aseTi iyo bakur revis Ze: axloblebTan urTierTobaSi mosiyvarule, politikur partniorebTan mimarTebaSi – moqnili, principuli, Rirseuli, RmerTis winaSe – morCili. mefe bakuri Ze Trdatisi bakuri, romelsac es werili eZRvneba, qarTlis pirveli qristiani mefis mirianis Zis _ revis SviliSvilia. salome uJarmeli – wmida ninosadmi miZRvnil mogonebaTa krebulis Semdgeneli – misi didedaa. salomesa da revs oTxi Svili hyavdaT: sami vaJi: bakuri, Trdati, arCili da erTi asuli, romlis saxeli ucnobia, SuaTana vaJis – Trdatis Zea bakuri, V saukunis I ocwleulSi vxedavT mas qarTlis samefos taxtze. bakur Trdatis Zis Sesaxeb cnobebi Semogvinaxes qarTulma, somxurma, bizantiurma (berZnul-laTinurma), asurulma, informaciulobis TvalsazrisiT, metad maRali Rirebulebis wyaroebma. miuxedavad amisa, qarTlis am mefes farTo mkiTxveli TiTqmis ar icnobs. amis mizezi is aris, rom bakuris Sesaxeb arsebuli sxvadasxva wyaroebis monacemebi saTanadod sistematizebuli da erTianobaSi gaazrebuli ar yofila. X X X pirvelad, istoriul wyaroebSi bakuri 378 wels momxdar adrianopolis brZolasTan dakavSirebiT gvxvdeba. mas ixseniebs IV saukunis bizantieli istorikosi amiane marcelini. am dros bakuri ukve 30
sardalia, e. i. bavSvi aRar aris, Tumca arc Wabukuri asakidan Cans gamosuli. amaze metyvelebs is araCveulebrivi, mematianis sityviT, TavSeukavebeli sificxe, rasac bakuri am brZolaSi iCens. aqedan gamomdinare, periodi, roca bakuris dabadeba unda vivaraudoT, IV saukunis 50-60-iani wlebis mijniT ganisazRvreba. aseve miaxloebiT SegviZlia laparaki bakuris gardacvalebis TariRzec: 416 wlis Semdgom, igi wyaroebSi aRar Cans. 422 wels ki qarTlis samefos taxtze ukve vxedavT arCils. mas da bakurs Soris, `moqcevai qarTlisai~ kidev or mefes – farsmansa da mirdats asaxelebs. amgvarad, am mokle qronologiur monakveTSi (416-422 ww.) Tavsdeba bakuris mmarTvelobis bolo periodi, farsmanisa da mirdatis mefoba mTlianad, arCilis mefobis dasawyisi. aqedan cxadia, rom bakuri 60 wels mitanebuli, 416 wlisTvis gardacvlila. V saukunis dasawyisSi ki, maSin, rocdesac mis mier taxtis dakavebaa safiqrebeli, igi oTx aTeul welze cota meti xnis unda iyos. gamefebamde xangrZlivi dro (IV saukunis bolo meoTxedi) bakurma bizantiaSi gaatara. taxtis memkvidris garkveuli xniT bizantiaSi yofna bizantia-qarTlis megobruli urTierTobis aRmniSvneli politikuri Jesti Cans. ase iyo adre gagzavnili keisris karze bakuris biZa – bakur revis Ze (ucxouri wyaroebis mixedviT `didi bakuri~), mogvianebiT ki bakuris diswuli murvanosi, berad aRkvecis Semdeg, palestinaSi moRvawe petre iberi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, qarTveli ufliswuli, romlis bizantiaSi yofnas diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobis mniSvnelobac hqonda, dgamda saTanado nabijebs. maSin, roca mazdeanuri iranis Semoteva amierkavkasiis qristianul qveyanaze gansakuTrebulad saSiS xasiaTs iRebs da qarTls esaWiroeba Tanadgoma, bakuri bizantiis mowinave sazogadoebriobas axsenebs qarTvelTa gaqristianebis istorias da Tan daJinebiT usvams xazs qarTlis mier gadadgmuli am nabijis politikur mniSvnelobas, mis sargeblianobas bizantiisaTvis. cxadia, es aqcenti qarTveli diplomatis monaTxrobSi SemTxveviTi ar aris: bakuri cdilobs bizantiis mxardaWeris mopovebas da awmyoSi TanamSromlobisaTvis istoriul winamZRvrebs warmoaCens. bizantiaSi yofna qarTveli ufliswulisaTvis uTuod didi skola iyo: Tvalsawieris gafarToeba, mravalmxrivi samzadisi misi momavali saxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweobisaTvis. bakurs aq araerTi saomari operaciis monawiled vxedavT, sadac mas Tavisi mxedruli Tu mxedarTmTavruli Zalis gamocdis saSualeba eZleva. amave dros, mas axlo megobruli urTierToba aqvs bizantiis – imdroindeli msoflios kulturuli centris inteleqtualur elitasTan. bakuris cxovrebis swored am periodis Sesaxeb Semogvinaxa cnobebi bizantiurma istoriulma wyaroebma. am masalebidan Cans, rom bakuri 31
- Page 1 and 2: saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro sa
- Page 3 and 4: winaTqma fermwers Tvalwin gadaSlili
- Page 5 and 6: viTarebiT, makedonelTagan zurgmomag
- Page 7 and 8: `Tueni gazafxulisani da sTulisa * a
- Page 9 and 10: Ffarsman qveli da farsman avazi `da
- Page 11 and 12: saqme isaa, rom (es garkveulia spec
- Page 13 and 14: dinastiis warmomadgeneli mmarTveleb
- Page 15 and 16: aseTad warmogvidgeba farsmani brZol
- Page 17 and 18: dakavSirebuli SemTxveva erTaderTia
- Page 19 and 20: armenieli anu somxeTis mefe gaxda.
- Page 21 and 22: aq warmodgena Zalian dagvacilebs is
- Page 23 and 24: politikur samyaroSi. amas wers roma
- Page 25 and 26: ar daeswro, TviTon mas gauswordebod
- Page 27 and 28: igiveobriobasTan erTad qmnis safuZv
- Page 29: akur revis Zis mefoba sakmaod xangr
- Page 33 and 34: yovelsa mosaxveWelsa~, _ qarTvelTag
- Page 35 and 36: eZRvneba. amasTan erTad, mokle qron
- Page 37 and 38: gamorCeul erovnul moRvawed warmogvi
- Page 39 and 40: adgili aqac ukavia stefanozs - komp
- Page 41 and 42: centralur xelisuflebasTan dapirispi
- Page 43 and 44: ganmatrebiTi leqsikoni * albaneTi _
- Page 45: gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi
sardalia, e. i. bavSvi aRar aris, Tumca arc Wabukuri asakidan Cans<br />
gamosuli. amaze metyvelebs is araCveulebrivi, mematianis sityviT,<br />
TavSeukavebeli sificxe, rasac bakuri am brZolaSi iCens. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, periodi, roca bakuris dabadeba unda vivaraudoT, IV<br />
saukunis 50-60-iani wlebis mijniT ganisazRvreba.<br />
aseve miaxloebiT SegviZlia laparaki bakuris gardacvalebis<br />
TariRzec: 416 wlis Semdgom, igi wyaroebSi aRar Cans. 422 wels ki<br />
qarTlis samefos taxtze ukve vxedavT arCils. mas da bakurs Soris,<br />
`moqcevai qarTlisai~ kidev or mefes – farsmansa da mirdats asaxelebs.<br />
amgvarad, am mokle qronologiur monakveTSi (416-422 ww.) Tavsdeba<br />
bakuris mmarTvelobis bolo periodi, farsmanisa da mirdatis mefoba<br />
mTlianad, arCilis mefobis dasawyisi. aqedan cxadia, rom bakuri 60<br />
wels mitanebuli, 416 wlisTvis gardacvlila. V saukunis dasawyisSi<br />
ki, maSin, rocdesac mis mier taxtis dakavebaa safiqrebeli, igi oTx<br />
aTeul welze cota meti xnis unda iyos.<br />
gamefebamde xangrZlivi dro (IV saukunis bolo meoTxedi) bakurma<br />
bizantiaSi gaatara. taxtis memkvidris garkveuli xniT bizantiaSi yofna<br />
bizantia-qarTlis megobruli urTierTobis aRmniSvneli politikuri<br />
Jesti Cans. ase iyo adre gagzavnili keisris karze bakuris biZa – bakur<br />
revis Ze (ucxouri wyaroebis mixedviT `didi bakuri~), mogvianebiT ki<br />
bakuris diswuli murvanosi, berad aRkvecis Semdeg, palestinaSi moRvawe<br />
petre iberi.<br />
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, qarTveli ufliswuli, romlis bizantiaSi<br />
yofnas diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobis mniSvnelobac hqonda, dgamda<br />
saTanado nabijebs. maSin, roca mazdeanuri iranis Semoteva amierkavkasiis<br />
qristianul qveyanaze gansakuTrebulad saSiS xasiaTs iRebs da qarTls<br />
esaWiroeba Tanadgoma, bakuri bizantiis mowinave sazogadoebriobas<br />
axsenebs qarTvelTa gaqristianebis istorias da Tan daJinebiT usvams<br />
xazs qarTlis mier gadadgmuli am nabijis politikur mniSvnelobas, mis<br />
sargeblianobas bizantiisaTvis. cxadia, es aqcenti qarTveli diplomatis<br />
monaTxrobSi SemTxveviTi ar aris: bakuri cdilobs bizantiis<br />
mxardaWeris mopovebas da awmyoSi TanamSromlobisaTvis istoriul<br />
winamZRvrebs warmoaCens.<br />
bizantiaSi yofna qarTveli ufliswulisaTvis uTuod didi skola<br />
iyo: Tvalsawieris gafarToeba, mravalmxrivi samzadisi misi momavali<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweobisaTvis. bakurs aq araerTi saomari<br />
operaciis monawiled vxedavT, sadac mas Tavisi mxedruli Tu<br />
mxedarTmTavruli Zalis gamocdis saSualeba eZleva. amave dros, mas<br />
axlo megobruli urTierToba aqvs bizantiis – imdroindeli msoflios<br />
kulturuli centris inteleqtualur elitasTan.<br />
bakuris cxovrebis swored am periodis Sesaxeb Semogvinaxa cnobebi<br />
bizantiurma istoriulma wyaroebma. am masalebidan Cans, rom bakuri<br />
31
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