marTlmsajuleba kanoni
marTlmsajuleba kanoni
marTlmsajuleba kanoni
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vis, diuverJe gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebidan Tavis standartul formulirebaze<br />
Camoyalibda da damatebiT miuTiTebda, rom naxevrad saprezidento reJimis meqanizmebi<br />
didadaa damokidebuli saparlamento umravlesobis bunebasa da prezidentsa da<br />
umravlesobas Soris urTierTobebze~. 8<br />
naxevrad saprezidento sistemis gansxvavebuli gansazRvreba mogvca am modelis<br />
aseve, cnobilma mkvlevarma jovani sartorim (Sartori). man diuverJesagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
naxevrad saprezidento sistemis xuTi kriteriumi warmoadgina: 1. saxelmwifos meTauri<br />
(prezidenti) arCeulia sayovelTao kenWisyriT _ pirdapiri an arapirdapiri gziT _<br />
uflebamosilebis fiqsirebuli vadiT; 2. saxelmwifos meTauri aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas<br />
inawilebs premier-ministrTan da saxezea Zalauflebis ormagi struqtura, romlis<br />
gansazRvris sami kriteriumia: 2.1. prezidenti damoukidebelia parlamentisagan,<br />
magram ara aqvs ufleba marto da damoukideblad marTos qveyana, amitom misi yvela<br />
winadadeba unda waredginos da ganxilul iqnas mTavrobaSi; 2.2. piriqiT, premierministri<br />
da misi kabineti damoukidebelia prezidentisagan, magram damokidebulia parlamentze<br />
_ parlamentis ndoba an undobloba (an orive) nebismier SemTxvevaSi, saWiroebs<br />
saparlamento umravlesobis mxardaWeras. 2.3. naxevrad saprezideno sistemis aRmasrulebeli<br />
xelisuflebis ormagi struqtura iTvaliswinebs gansxvavebuli balansis<br />
meqanizmebs. aseve, iZleva aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis farglebSi xelisuflebis<br />
gadanawilebis SesaZleblobas, ise, rom yvelaze mkacr pirobebSi aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis<br />
yovel Semadgenel erTeuls `avtonomiis potenciali~ namdviladaqvs. 9<br />
amdenad, am sistemaSi prezidenti aris saxelmwifos meTauri, romelic saparlamento<br />
respublikisagan gansxvavebiT pirdapiri wesiT airCeva. prezidenti mandats uSualod<br />
xalxisagan iRebs, rac kidev ufro amaRlebs mis statuss. prezidenti konstituciiT<br />
pirdapir ar aris aRiarebuli aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis meTaurad. aRmasrulebel<br />
xelisuflebas mTavroba axorcielebs, Tumca, prezidentisaTvis konstituciiT miniWebuli<br />
uflebamosilebebi mas aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi Carevis<br />
uflebas aZlevs. kerZod, upirvelesad, prezidenti niSnavs premier-ministrs da premier-ministris<br />
wardginebiT mTavrobis wevrebs. prezidenti monawileobs mTavrobis<br />
muSaobaSi da Tavmjdomareobs mis sxdomebs. prezidents konstituciiT dadgenil Sem-<br />
TxvevebSi, SeuZlia parlamentis qveda palatis daTxovna da Tavis mxriv, parlaments<br />
prezidentis Tanamdebobidan gadayeneba SeuZlia mxolod impiCmentis proceduriT.<br />
yofili sabWoTa kavSiris sivrceSi mmarTvelobis naxevrad saprezidento forma aqtualuri<br />
gaxda me-20 saukunis 90-iani wlebis Semdeg, postsabWouri qveynebis konstituciur<br />
praqtikaSi. am periodidan gaaqtiurda samecniero muSaoba am modelis kvlevis<br />
mimarTulebiT. specialistebi aRniSnaven, rom polarizebul an axal demokratiebSi,<br />
sadac xSirad gvxdeba politikuri da ekonomikuri gardamavali periodi, romlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
maTi eleqtorati da partiuli sistema swrafad cvalebadia, moqnili naxevrad<br />
saprezidento sistemis Semotana gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas iZens. 10 swored, amgvari Sexedulebebis<br />
gamo. bevrma sabWoTa respublikam, maT Soris, saqarTvelom (Tumca, mogvianebiT)<br />
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis formad naxevrad saprezidento sistema airCia. samecniero<br />
literaturaSi am qveynebis mmarTvelobis sistemebi Sereul modelad moixsenieba. 11<br />
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