marTlmsajuleba kanoni

Modern Approaches
to Define Criminality
MIKHEIL GABUNIA
PhD Student at Law Department Humanitarian and Social Faculty
of Georgian technical University
In view of the requirements of the Constitution of Georgia, for establishing
a democratic system, political and economic freedom, and for raising
the level of the legal culture and morale of the population, and for reinforcing
the moral norms that have developed in Georgia over the centuries, the
development of the field of criminology is of utmost importance. The most
essential concept in this field is criminology, the correct definition and exploration
of which is a key objective for the scientists. The goal of the
science of criminology, which is to provide social control on criminality,
clearly depends on the correct definition of criminology as a concept. Besides,
as the phenomenon of criminality has not been established yet, considering
the criminality as a separate legal science is questioned. As it is
mentioned in the article, in a number of western countries the criminology
is considered not a legal but a social science which is linked to the new
understanding of this complex phenomenon of criminality.
At this stage, based on the researches we have carried out, as it was mentioned
above, we can infer that criminality is a phenomenon which is characterized
by the unity of two most significant criteria of definability and
un-definability. Specifically, it consists of a set of actions known as a crime
and which are envisaged by the Criminal Code and of such immoral acts
which pose increased threats for the community (such as, drugs abuse,
prostitution, alcoholism, and suicides). The latter represents a key, fundamental
criterion. In this case we can accept the assumption that criminology
is a science of crimes and especially of dangerous immoral acts and
their cognizance, and not that of any other social phenomenon, make its
meaning; as for the un-definability, it starts where the scope of normalized
concepts finish and the science of criminality aspires to more deeply
perceive the regularities of criminality and determine the peculiarities of
exercising social control on it and thus the science has to employ concepts,
categories, empirical data available in the related sciences such as
jurisprudence, sociology, philosophy, psychology, and deviantology; we
consider that there is no and cannot be clear boundaries among them.
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