marTlmsajuleba kanoni
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tuli qveynis saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis mier, rac calsaxad ganpirobebulia im garemoebiT, rom sxvadasxva qveynebSi aris sxvadasxva midgomebi danaSaulebrivisa da aradanaSaulebrivis mimarT (erT qveyanaSi danaSaulad cnobili qmedebaTa wre, meore qveyanaSi SesaZloa udanaSaulod iTvlebodes); danaSaulobis maCveneblebis zrda dakav- Sirebulia drosTan da teritoriasTan. danaSauloba warmoadgens sazogadoebrivad saSiS produqts, zians ayenebs upirvelesad, sazogadoebis normalur funqcionirebas, amdenad mis sawinaaRmdegod upiratesi mniSvneloba eniWeba socialuri zomebis gamoyenebas. swored socialuri zomebis gamoyeneba kontrolis ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT, gvaZlevs efeqts da amavdroulad, sazogadoebas mxolod misi gamoyeneba SeuZlia danaSaulis winaaRmdeg. saxelmwifos mxridan ki, mxolod sisxlissamarTlebrivi sasjelis saxiT dapirispireba danaSaulobis mimarT, ar iZleva sasurvel Sedegs da xSir Sem- TxvevaSi, piriqiT, kidev ufro zrdis danaSaulobas qveyanaSi. Cveni mosazreba usafuZvlo rom ar iyos, moviSveliebT saqarTvelos iurudiul mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor g. naWyebias Sexedulebas danaSaulis Sesaxeb, sadac mecnieri ganmartavs, rom `danaSauli socialuri movlenaa da mas ZiriTadad, socialur-ekonomikuri faqtorebi ganapirobeben, amitom dgeba sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad moraluria am pirobebSi danaSauls vebrZoloT sasjelis meSveobiT, maSin rodesac danaSaulobaTa winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqturobisaTvis gadamwyvetia danaSaulis gamomwvevi mizezebisa da xelSemwyobi pirobebis winaaRmdeg socialur-ekonomikuri, ideologiur-politikuri da sxva amgvari RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. saxelmwifom, upirveles yovlisa, am RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebaze unda izrunos da mxolod, amis Semdeg SeiZleba mas ufleba hqondes danaSaulis Cadenis winaaRmdeg daawesos sisxlissamarTlebrivi sasjeli, rogorc danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis damxmare saSualeba~. 21 magaliTisaTvis aRvniSnavT, rom araviTar saWiroebas ar warmoadgens iseT qmedebaTa sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dakvalificireba, rogoricaa `cema~ (ssk muxli 125), `alimentis gadaxdisaTvis jiutad Tavis arideba~ (ssk muxli 176), Svilad an Svilobilad ayvanis wesis darRveva (ssk muxli 173), nivTis dazianeba an ganadgureba gaufrTxileblobiT (ssk muxli 259) da sxva iseTi qmedebebi, romlebic miCneulni arian kanonmdeblis mier naklebad mZime danaSaulobad. aseTi qmedebebi sazogadoebisaTvis umniSvnelo safrTxes warmoadgens da amdenad absoluturad sakmarisia maT mimarT administraciulsamarTlebrivi an samoqalaqo-samar- Tlebrivi zomebis gamoyeneba. gamomdinare iqedan, rom moxdes Tanxvedra erTi mxriv, kriminologiisa da sisxlis samarTlis interesebisa, xolo meore mxriv, sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos interesebisa, Cveni SexedulebiT, metad mniSvnelovania, rom saxelmwifos mxridan mxolod iseT qmedebebs miekuTvnos danaSaulebrivis statusi da Sesabamisad, aisaxos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi, romlebic mometebul sazogadoebriv saSiSroebas warmoadgenen saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisa da qarTuli saxelmwifosaTvis. maSasadame, amosavali wertili danaSaulobis gansazRvrisa unda iyos ara mmarTveli fenis Sexeduleba konkretuli qmedebis mimarT, aramed sazogadoeba da misi interesebi. swored sazogadoebis interesebidan gamomdinarea, rom kriminologia danaSaulobas ganixilavs rogorc saxesxvaobas gadaxriTi qcevebisas, rasac arsebobis obieqturi safuZveli aqvs. vinaidan, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, SesaZloa romelime konkretuli antisa- 45

marTlmsajuleba N4 da kanoni zogadoebrivi qceva ssk-is mier ar iyos cnobili danaSaulad, Tumca, igi arsebiTad, arRvevdes istoriul-nacionalur tradiciebs. kriminologiis mecnierebis ganviTarebis am konkretul etapze, 21-e saukuneSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom danaSauloba samarTlebrivi movlenacaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom samar- Talic socialuri kategoriaa, danaSaulobis samarTlebriv xasiaTze miTiTeba principul xasiaTs atarebs. igi efuZneba sayovelTaod aRiarebul princips _ nullum crimen sine lege _ (ar arsebobs danaSauli kanonis gareSe), rac ganmtkicebulia msoflios ganviTarebuli qveynebis kanonmdeblobebiT, maT Soris, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT. saqar- Tvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis pirvelive muxlSi naTqvamia, rom sisxlis samar- Tlis kodeqsi `gansazRvravs Tu romeli qmedebaa danaSaulebrivi~. 22 danaSauloba istoriulad cvalebadi movlenaa. sazogadoebis cvlilebasTan erTad, misi socialur-eTikuri, ideologiur-politikuri, organizaciul-mmarTvelobiTi, samecniero-teqnikuri da sxva obieqturi mizezebis gamo, igi Tvisebrivad da xarisxobrivad icvleba. magaliTad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi asaxva hpova iseTma muxlebma rogoricaa `Sidsis Seyra~ (ssk muxli 131), `genetikuri manipulacia~ (ssk muxli 136); `kompiuterul informaciasTan aramarTlzomieri SeRweva~ (ssk muxli 284), egm-is dazianebuli programis Seqmna, gamoyeneba an gavrceleba~ (ssk muxli 285)... msgavsi qmedebebi ar SeiZleboda Cadenili yofiliyo Sidsis virusis aRmoCenamde, kompiuteris gamogonebamde da mis masobriv gamoyenebamde. istoriuli analizi mowmobs, rom msgavsi antisazogadoebrivi qmedebebi ganpirobebulia arsebiTi cvlilebebiT socialur-ekonomikuri, samcniero-teqnikuri, politikuri da sxva msgavsi faqtorebiT. amasTan, zogierTi cvlileba qmedebis danaSaulebrivad miCnevisa xSir SemTxvevebSi, dakavSirebulia mmarTveli fenis subieqtur damokidebulebasTan ama Tu im movlenis mimarT ideologiuri da religiuri moTxovnebiT. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis, gavixsenoT Suasaukuneebis evropisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli inkviziciuri procesebi, sadac adamianebs sdevnidnen da awamebdnen gansxvavebuli religiuri Sexedulebebis gamo. aseve, gavixsenoT hitlerisa da stalinis epoqa, rodesac xorcieldeboda masobrivi devna pirebisa, romlebic ar iziarebdnen erT SemTxvevaSi, faSistur, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ bolSevikur Sexedulebebs, ideologias. yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, xazgasmiT gvsurs aRvniSnoT da sazogadoebis winaSe vamtkicoT, rom realobaSi ar aris iseTi obieqti, iseTi qmedeba, romelic TavisTavad, Sinaganad iyos danaSaulebrivi. danaSauls rogorc individualur qceviT aqts da danaSaulobas, rogorc socialur fenomens ar gaaCniaT bunebrivi, ontologiurad (arsebiTad) gansazRvruli referenti socialur sinamdvileSi. danaSauli ar aris ontologiuri realoba, igi mxolod kriminaluri politikis produqtia. 23 danaSauls (danaSaulobas) gansazRvravs konkretuli kanonmdebeli konkretul saxelmwifoSi da konkretul dros, romelic upirveles yovlisa, gamoxatavs mmarTveli fenis, umciresobis interesebs. 24 saqme is gaxlavT, rom danaSauloba mTeli msoflios masStabiT TandaTanobiT da etapobrivad izrdeba, sazogadoebrivi sistemis ganurCevlad. samwuxarod, jerjerobiT, araferi miuTiTebs imaze, rom danaSaulobis mateba Sewydeba. mecnier-kriminologebis gaTvlebiT, uaxloes wlebSi, msoflioSi danaSaulobis saSualo wliuri mateba mosa- 46

tuli qveynis saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis mier, rac calsaxad ganpirobebulia im<br />

garemoebiT, rom sxvadasxva qveynebSi aris sxvadasxva midgomebi danaSaulebrivisa da<br />

aradanaSaulebrivis mimarT (erT qveyanaSi danaSaulad cnobili qmedebaTa wre, meore<br />

qveyanaSi SesaZloa udanaSaulod iTvlebodes); danaSaulobis maCveneblebis zrda dakav-<br />

Sirebulia drosTan da teritoriasTan. danaSauloba warmoadgens sazogadoebrivad<br />

saSiS produqts, zians ayenebs upirvelesad, sazogadoebis normalur funqcionirebas,<br />

amdenad mis sawinaaRmdegod upiratesi mniSvneloba eniWeba socialuri zomebis gamoyenebas.<br />

swored socialuri zomebis gamoyeneba kontrolis ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT,<br />

gvaZlevs efeqts da amavdroulad, sazogadoebas mxolod misi gamoyeneba SeuZlia<br />

danaSaulis winaaRmdeg. saxelmwifos mxridan ki, mxolod sisxlissamarTlebrivi sasjelis<br />

saxiT dapirispireba danaSaulobis mimarT, ar iZleva sasurvel Sedegs da xSir Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi, piriqiT, kidev ufro zrdis danaSaulobas qveyanaSi. Cveni mosazreba usafuZvlo<br />

rom ar iyos, moviSveliebT saqarTvelos iurudiul mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor<br />

g. naWyebias Sexedulebas danaSaulis Sesaxeb, sadac mecnieri ganmartavs, rom<br />

`danaSauli socialuri movlenaa da mas ZiriTadad, socialur-ekonomikuri faqtorebi<br />

ganapirobeben, amitom dgeba sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad moraluria am pirobebSi danaSauls<br />

vebrZoloT sasjelis meSveobiT, maSin rodesac danaSaulobaTa winaaRmdeg brZolis<br />

efeqturobisaTvis gadamwyvetia danaSaulis gamomwvevi mizezebisa da xelSemwyobi<br />

pirobebis winaaRmdeg socialur-ekonomikuri, ideologiur-politikuri da sxva amgvari<br />

RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. saxelmwifom, upirveles yovlisa, am RonisZiebaTa<br />

ganxorcielebaze unda izrunos da mxolod, amis Semdeg SeiZleba mas ufleba hqondes<br />

danaSaulis Cadenis winaaRmdeg daawesos sisxlissamarTlebrivi sasjeli, rogorc<br />

danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis damxmare saSualeba~. 21 magaliTisaTvis aRvniSnavT, rom<br />

araviTar saWiroebas ar warmoadgens iseT qmedebaTa sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dakvalificireba,<br />

rogoricaa `cema~ (ssk muxli 125), `alimentis gadaxdisaTvis jiutad Tavis<br />

arideba~ (ssk muxli 176), Svilad an Svilobilad ayvanis wesis darRveva (ssk muxli 173),<br />

nivTis dazianeba an ganadgureba gaufrTxileblobiT (ssk muxli 259) da sxva iseTi<br />

qmedebebi, romlebic miCneulni arian kanonmdeblis mier naklebad mZime danaSaulobad.<br />

aseTi qmedebebi sazogadoebisaTvis umniSvnelo safrTxes warmoadgens da amdenad absoluturad<br />

sakmarisia maT mimarT administraciulsamarTlebrivi an samoqalaqo-samar-<br />

Tlebrivi zomebis gamoyeneba. gamomdinare iqedan, rom moxdes Tanxvedra erTi mxriv,<br />

kriminologiisa da sisxlis samarTlis interesebisa, xolo meore mxriv, sazogadoebisa<br />

da saxelmwifos interesebisa, Cveni SexedulebiT, metad mniSvnelovania, rom saxelmwifos<br />

mxridan mxolod iseT qmedebebs miekuTvnos danaSaulebrivis statusi da Sesabamisad,<br />

aisaxos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi, romlebic mometebul sazogadoebriv saSiSroebas<br />

warmoadgenen saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisa da qarTuli saxelmwifosaTvis. maSasadame,<br />

amosavali wertili danaSaulobis gansazRvrisa unda iyos ara mmarTveli fenis<br />

Sexeduleba konkretuli qmedebis mimarT, aramed sazogadoeba da misi interesebi. swored<br />

sazogadoebis interesebidan gamomdinarea, rom kriminologia danaSaulobas ganixilavs<br />

rogorc saxesxvaobas gadaxriTi qcevebisas, rasac arsebobis obieqturi safuZveli<br />

aqvs. vinaidan, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, SesaZloa romelime konkretuli antisa-<br />

45

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