marTlmsajuleba kanoni
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marTlmsajuleba kanoni marTlmsajuleba kanoni

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zomierad ganixileba, xolo aseTi urTierTobebis darRveva aramarTlzomierad, usamarTlod. 2 terminTa aRniSnul simravles emateba calkeul qveynebSi danaSaulis sociologiaSi miRebuli terminebi da cnebebi, amerikulSi _ `deliqventoba~, inglisuramerikul sisxlis samarTalSi _ `trizni~, `feloniebi~ da `misdaminari~. inglisur samarTalSi es terminebi Sua saukuneebidan gvxvdeba da sxvadasxva cnebis Sinaarss gamoxatavs. `trizni~ niSnavs saxelmwifos Ralats, `feloniebi~ iseT danaSaulobaTa kategoriebs, rogoricaa mkvleloba, gaupatiureba, qurdoba Tu sxva. `misdaminari~ ufro naklebad saSiS danaSaulobaTa aRmniSvnelia da gamoxatavs ioli formis danaSaulobebs, romlebic emijnebian administraciul samarTaldarRvevebs _ siyalbe, crumowmeoba da sxva. am terminebs Soris inglisur da amerikul kriminologiaSi yvelaze metad gavrcelebulia `deliqventoba~, romelic ganisazRvreba erT SemTxvevaSi, rogorc aranormaluri qcevis gamovlena (lezli vilkinsi), xolo meore SemTxvevaSi rogorc samarTlis darRvevisadmi fsiqologiuri tendencia. is Taviseburad gamoxatavs kanonsawinaaRmdego moqmedebis ganwyobasac da TviT kanonsawinaaRmdego moqmedebasac. 3 danaSaulobis kvlevaSi upirvelesad, dgas danaSaulis raobis sakiTxi. aris Tu ara danaSauli damaxasiaTebeli faqtisaTvis TavisTavad, Tu danaSaulobis ganmsazRvrelia epoqa, socialuri jgufi, saxelmwifo, kodeqsi. miuxedavad mravalgvari Tvalsazrisisa, arsebobs zogierTi iseTi danaSauli, romelic yvelgan, yovelTvis, yovelgvari kanonebiT qveynis dasabamidan udavod danaSaulad iTvleba da aseTad CaiTvleba, vidre adamiani adamianad rCeba. es niSnavs, rom faqtSi unda veZeboT danaSauli da misi danaSaulebrivi xasiaTi am faqtidan iqneba misawvdomi predikatizebis gareSe, magram Semowmebis SemTxvevaSi, aRmoCndeba, rom es ase araa. ver davasaxelebT verc erT faqts, romelic samyaros dasabamidan yovelTvis da yvelgan yvelas mier iTvleboda danaSaulad. 4 kriminologiaSi arsebobs danaSaulobis gansazRvrebis ramdenime midgoma. maTSi asaxulia avtorTa filosofiur SexedulebaTa, sociologiuri skolebisa da mimarTulebebis, samarTlebriv da religiur warmodgenaTa gavlena. TiTqmis yvela mecnierul naSromSi xazgasmulia danaSaulobis istoriulobisa da socialuri bunebis gaTvaliswinebis prioritetuloba. magram miuxedavad SemoTavazebul midgomaTa mTeli mravalferovnebisa, am etapze kriminologebs ar ZaluZT mogvcen danaSaulobis cneba. 5 Tanamedrove kriminologiaSi danaSaulobis gageba-Semecnebis ori ZiriTadi midgoma arsebobs: 1. legalisturi _ danaSauloba aris is, rac akrZalulia kanoniT; 2. socialur-reaqciuli, romlis Tanaxmad, danaSaulebrivia is, rac ikicxeba sazogadoebis, saxelmwifos mier da risTvisac dawesebulia sasjelebi. 6 danaSaulobis legalisturi gansazRvris momxreTa Soris gavrcelebulia danaSaulobis Semdegi tipis cnebebi: `danaSauloba mTliani siocialur-samarTlebrivi masobrivi movlenaa, romlis safuZvels Seadgens danaSaulis niSnebis mqone qmedebaTa da aseT qmedebaTa Camden pirTa erToblioba garkveul teritoriaze da garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi~; 7 danaSauloba socialuri, istoriulad cvalebadi, masobrivi, sisxlissamarTlebriv-sistemuri movlenaa, romelic Tavis mxriv, vlindeba sazogadoebrivad saSiS sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjad qmedebaTa da maT Camden pirTa erTobliobaSi garkveul teritoriaze drois garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi. 8 msgavsi definiciebis 41

marTlmsajuleba N4 da kanoni argumentacias safuZvlad udevs debuleba, rom danaSaulobis mniSvnelovan maxasiaTebels warmoadgens misi sisxlissamarTlebrivi xasiaTi, masSi sisxlis samarTlis kanonSi Camoyalibebul akrZalvaTa darRvevis individualuri aqtebis gaerTianeba, rac saSualebas iZleva ganvasxvaoT danaSauloba sxva samarTaldarRvevebisa da amoraluri gadacdomisagan. 9 profesor z. wulaias SexedulebiT, `danaSauloba sisxlissamarTlebrivi movlenaa, vinaidan masSi Semaval danaSaulTa wres gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, xolo danaSaulobis samarTlebrivi elementi ganasxvavebs mas iseTi socialuri movlenisagan, rogoricaa amoraluri gamovlinebani, xolo marTlwinaaRmdegobis xarisxi ganasxvavebs mas iseTi samaTaldarRvevebisagan, rogoricaa administraciulsamarTlebrivi, disciplinuri da samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi.~ 10 aRniSnul ganmartebaSi danaSauloba warmoCenilia sisxlissamarTlebriv movlenad. Tumca, es arc aris gasakviri, vinaidan kriminologia sabWoTa mecnierebis mier iuristTa Seswavlis kompetenciad miiCneoda; mecnierebi, maT Soris, gercenzoni da SliapoCnikovi kriminologias sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis Semadgenel nawilad ganixilavdnen, Sesabamisad, danaSaulobis kriminologiur kvlevas saTanado yuradReba ar eTmoboda. aRniSnul sakiTxs exmaureba profesori g. naWyebia, rodesac aRniSnavs, rom ...imxanad kriminologiis ugulebelyofis gamo, sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis saganSi Setanili iyo danaSauloba da misi mizezebi. 11 istoriuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom ar SeiZleba sazogadoebaSi adamianTa qcevis regulireba, Tu maTi saqcieli ar Sefasda da maTi CadenisaTvis ar dadgindeba pasuxismgeblobis zoma. ama Tu im moqmedebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi Sefaseba, upirvelesad, aris misdami saxelmwifos damokidebulebis Sedegi. aseTi Sefasebis ZiriTadi azria, rom adamianis (moqalaqis) moqmedebaTa da saqcielTa mTeli mravalferovnebidan gamoyofa da ama Tu im sazogadoebis interesebis Sesabamisad, fasdeba iseTebi, romlebic sazogadoebas yvelaze metad vneben da ufro `sazogadoebrivad saSiSni~ arian. mocemuli niSani ZiriTadia qmedebis danaSaulebrivad aRiarebisaTvis. sisxlissamarTlebriv kategoriebs da cnebebs fuZemdebluri mniSvneloba aqvT ara marto sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebisaTvis, aramed sxva samarTlebriv da socialur-samarTlebrivi mecnierebebisTvisac, maT Soris, kriminologiisaTvisac. 12 amdenad, legalisturi midgomidan, naTlad Cans, rom danaSaulad (saerTod, danaSaulobad) iTvleba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT akrZaluli qceva. legalisti kriminologebi azusteben danaSaulis gansazRvrebas da Semoifarglebian mxolod sisxlis samarTlis kanonebis darRveviT. Cven ar viziarebT e.w. legalist-kriminologTa midgomebs danaSaulobis cnebis gansazRvrisas. vinaidan, mxolod sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis miCneva danaSaulad kriminologiaSi araa marTebuli msjeloba. Sexeduleba danaSaulobaze ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos mxolod kanoniT, kriminologiaSi danaSaulobad unda miviCnioT aramarto sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT akrZaluli qmedebani, aramed gansakuTrebiT, is amoraluri qmedebani, romelnic, aseve, mometebul saSiSroebas warmoadgenen qarTuli saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebisaTvis. aseTebad ki, upirveles yovlisa, gvesaxeba narkotikebis moxmareba (da mTlianobaSi narkomania), prostitucia, alkoholizmi da TviTmkvleloba. msgavsi qmedebani sazRvargareTis kriminologiaSi `umsxverplo 42

<strong>marTlmsajuleba</strong><br />

N4<br />

da<br />

<strong>kanoni</strong><br />

argumentacias safuZvlad udevs debuleba, rom danaSaulobis mniSvnelovan maxasiaTebels<br />

warmoadgens misi sisxlissamarTlebrivi xasiaTi, masSi sisxlis samarTlis kanonSi<br />

Camoyalibebul akrZalvaTa darRvevis individualuri aqtebis gaerTianeba, rac saSualebas<br />

iZleva ganvasxvaoT danaSauloba sxva samarTaldarRvevebisa da amoraluri<br />

gadacdomisagan. 9 profesor z. wulaias SexedulebiT, `danaSauloba sisxlissamarTlebrivi<br />

movlenaa, vinaidan masSi Semaval danaSaulTa wres gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis<br />

kanonmdebloba, xolo danaSaulobis samarTlebrivi elementi ganasxvavebs mas iseTi<br />

socialuri movlenisagan, rogoricaa amoraluri gamovlinebani, xolo marTlwinaaRmdegobis<br />

xarisxi ganasxvavebs mas iseTi samaTaldarRvevebisagan, rogoricaa administraciulsamarTlebrivi,<br />

disciplinuri da samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi.~ 10 aRniSnul<br />

ganmartebaSi danaSauloba warmoCenilia sisxlissamarTlebriv movlenad. Tumca, es arc<br />

aris gasakviri, vinaidan kriminologia sabWoTa mecnierebis mier iuristTa Seswavlis<br />

kompetenciad miiCneoda; mecnierebi, maT Soris, gercenzoni da SliapoCnikovi kriminologias<br />

sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis Semadgenel nawilad ganixilavdnen, Sesabamisad,<br />

danaSaulobis kriminologiur kvlevas saTanado yuradReba ar eTmoboda. aRniSnul<br />

sakiTxs exmaureba profesori g. naWyebia, rodesac aRniSnavs, rom ...imxanad kriminologiis<br />

ugulebelyofis gamo, sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis saganSi Setanili iyo<br />

danaSauloba da misi mizezebi. 11<br />

istoriuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom ar SeiZleba sazogadoebaSi adamianTa qcevis<br />

regulireba, Tu maTi saqcieli ar Sefasda da maTi CadenisaTvis ar dadgindeba pasuxismgeblobis<br />

zoma. ama Tu im moqmedebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi Sefaseba, upirvelesad, aris<br />

misdami saxelmwifos damokidebulebis Sedegi. aseTi Sefasebis ZiriTadi azria, rom<br />

adamianis (moqalaqis) moqmedebaTa da saqcielTa mTeli mravalferovnebidan gamoyofa<br />

da ama Tu im sazogadoebis interesebis Sesabamisad, fasdeba iseTebi, romlebic<br />

sazogadoebas yvelaze metad vneben da ufro `sazogadoebrivad saSiSni~ arian. mocemuli<br />

niSani ZiriTadia qmedebis danaSaulebrivad aRiarebisaTvis. sisxlissamarTlebriv<br />

kategoriebs da cnebebs fuZemdebluri mniSvneloba aqvT ara marto sisxlis samarTlis<br />

mecnierebisaTvis, aramed sxva samarTlebriv da socialur-samarTlebrivi mecnierebebisTvisac,<br />

maT Soris, kriminologiisaTvisac. 12 amdenad, legalisturi midgomidan, naTlad<br />

Cans, rom danaSaulad (saerTod, danaSaulobad) iTvleba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT<br />

akrZaluli qceva. legalisti kriminologebi azusteben danaSaulis gansazRvrebas<br />

da Semoifarglebian mxolod sisxlis samarTlis kanonebis darRveviT.<br />

Cven ar viziarebT e.w. legalist-kriminologTa midgomebs danaSaulobis cnebis gansazRvrisas.<br />

vinaidan, mxolod sisxlis samarTlis <strong>kanoni</strong>T gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis<br />

miCneva danaSaulad kriminologiaSi araa marTebuli msjeloba. Sexeduleba danaSaulobaze<br />

ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos mxolod <strong>kanoni</strong>T, kriminologiaSi danaSaulobad unda<br />

miviCnioT aramarto sisxlis samarTlis <strong>kanoni</strong>T akrZaluli qmedebani, aramed gansakuTrebiT,<br />

is amoraluri qmedebani, romelnic, aseve, mometebul saSiSroebas warmoadgenen<br />

qarTuli saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebisaTvis. aseTebad ki, upirveles yovlisa, gvesaxeba<br />

narkotikebis moxmareba (da mTlianobaSi narkomania), prostitucia, alkoholizmi<br />

da TviTmkvleloba. msgavsi qmedebani sazRvargareTis kriminologiaSi `umsxverplo<br />

42

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