marTlmsajuleba kanoni
marTlmsajuleba kanoni marTlmsajuleba kanoni
indoeTSi saproceso SeTanxmebis principebis formireba gamomdinareobda doqtrinidan _ Nolo Contendere 26 , e.i. _ ar msurs SewinaaRmdegeba, Secileba, brZola. Nolo Contendere _ koncefcia gulisxmobs, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze wardgenili braldebis miRebas SewinaaRmdegebis gareSe da sisxlis samarTalwarmoebisas teqnikurad utoldeba bralis aRiarebas, rac saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebas SesaZlebels xdis. 27 italiis respublika organizebuli danaSaulebrivi dajgufebebis momZlavreba da maTi totaluri Car- Tuloba saxelmwifosa Tu sazogadoebis saqmianobis TiTqmis yvela sferoSi gaxda winapiroba, romlis gaTvaliswinebiT italiis respublikam, evropaSi romano-germanuli samarTlis sistemis saxelmwifoTa Soris (Roman Law) 28 pirvelma dauSva braldebulTan saproceso SeTanxmebis SesaZlebloba, rasac italiis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis (Codice di Procedura Penale) 29 mixedviT patteggiamento ewodeba. Pentito 30 _ (is, vinc moinania, ital.) ase uwodeben italiaSi im adamianebs, romlebic warsulSi iyvnen damnaSaveTa an teroristuli organizaciebis wevrebi da dapatimrebis Semdeg, gamoZiebisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT, `monanieba~ da sasamarTlo sistemasTan, gamoZiebis organoebTan TanamSromloba gadawyvites. sasamarTlos mier ganxilul saqmeebSi `monaniebulebma~ 31 (pentiti) monawileobis miReba daiwyes 1970-iani wlebis dasawyisidan, rodesac italiaSi aqtiurad moqmedebdnen sxvadasxva mafiozuri dajgufebebi. gamoZiebisaTvis saintereso informaciis miwodebis sanacvlod, `monaniebulebis~ mimarT gamoiyeneba ufro msubuqi sasjeli _ Tavisuflebis aRkveTis minimaluri vadebis saxiT, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTloebi maT saerTod aTavisuflebdnen sasjelisagan. italiis marTlmsajulebasTan TanamSromlobis Semdeg `monaniebuls~ SeeZlo sicocxlis dacvis garantiebis, axali saxelis, fuladi saxsrebis miReba, rac mas SesaZleblobas aZlevda daewyo axali cxovreba _ axal adgilas, axali saxeliT, italiis farglebs gareT gadasaxlebis SesaZleblobis CaTvliT. amgvari praqtika aseve, danergilia aSS-Si 32 , rodesac braldebulis (romelic saqmeSi formalurad mowmis saxiT figurirebs) mier Tanamzraxvelebis winaaRmdeg micemuli Cveneba safrTxes uqmnis mis sicocxles, igi SeiZleba moxvdes e.w. mowmeTa dacvis programaSi 33 (The United States Federal Witness Protection Program, WITSEC) 34 . faqtobrivad, 1970-iani wlebidan italiis sasamarTloebi da prokuratura aqtiurad iwyebs saproceso SeTanxmebis danergvas praqtikaSi. 1973 wlis 29 marts, leonardo vitale (Leonardo Vitale) 35 nebayoflobiT gamocxadda palermos policiis ganyofilebaSi da ganacxada, rom iyo mafiis wevri, monawileobda gamoZalvaSi, qonebis ganadgurebaSi da or mkvlelobaSi. es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac mafiis wevri nebayoflobiT gamocxadda ‘monaniebiT~ da daiwyo TanamSromloba italiis policiasTan. 31
marTlmsajuleba N4 da kanoni erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili pirovneba, romelmac gamoiyena `monaniebis~ saSualeba iyo 1980-ian wlebSi siciliuri mafiis 36 erT-erTi Tavkaci _ tomazo buSeta (Tommaso Buscetta) 37 . misi Cvenebebis safuZvelze, 1983-87 wlebSi siciliaze gaimarTa sasamarTlo procesebis seria italiis mafiis aseulobiT wevrisa da Tavkacebis mimarT 38 _ e.w. Maxi Trial 39 (Maxiprocesso _ ital.) mas Semdeg, rac italiis xelisuflebam daiwyo mafiis winaaRmdeg brZola da SesaZleblad gamoacxada saproceso SeTanxmebis (Pentito) gaformeba, mafiis ramdenime aTeulma cnobilma Tavkacma isargebla am SesaZleblobiT da `moinania~ Cadenili danaSauli. amdenad, italiis respublikis sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sistemaSi saproceso Se- Tanxmebis (Pentito) da mowmeTa dacvis programis arsebobas didi mniSvneloba aqvs. is xels uwyobs pirvelwyarodan danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebas da mowmeTa mier micemuli umniSvnelovanesi Cvenebebis safuZvelze, SesaZlebels xdis organizebuli danaSaulebrivi sistemis sxva wevrebis dapatimrebas. daskvnis saxiT, SeiZleba xazgasmiT aRiniSnos saproceso SeTanxmebis (Pentito) principis umniSvnelovanesi roli italiaSi organizebuli danaSaulebrivi dajgufebebis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi. safrangeTis respublika safrangeTma sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi 40 (Code de procédure pénale) saproceso SeTanxmebis maregulirebeli normebi VI I Tavis 495-495/16 muxlebSi gvxvdeba da mas gamartivebuli warmoeba ewodeba. 41 aRniSnuli normebi, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi Sesworebebis Setanis saxiT, safrangeTma 2004 wlis TebervalSi miiRo. kanonmdeblobaSi cvlilebebis Setanis ZiriTadi mizani iyo organizebul danaSaulTan ufro efeqtiani brZola da sasjelis SemcirebiT braldebulisaTvis gamoZiebasTan TanamSromlobis stimulis micema. safrangeTis kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis procedura _ plaider coupable 42 mosamarTlis TandaswrebiT unda ganxorcieldes. magaliTad, narkotikebis momxmareblis mimarT SeiZleba saqmiswarmoebis Sewyveta, Tu igi daeTanxmeba prokuroris winadadebas mkurnalobis kursis gavlis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, safrangeTis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 495-e muxli uSvebs rig daTqmebs, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, dasaSvebad miiCneva saproceso SeTanxmebis dadeba (gamartivebuli wesiT saqmiswarmoeba), kerZod: _ samarTaldarRvevebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia sagzao moZraobis wesebTan da maT darRvevasTan, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia winamdebare kodeqsiT; _ saxmeleTo transportis eqspluataciis wesebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulebi; _ samarTaldarRvevebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia savaWro kodeqsis IV wignis, IV nawilis darRvevebTan, im SemTxevaSi Tu sasjelis saxiT ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTa; 32
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<strong>marTlmsajuleba</strong><br />
N4<br />
da<br />
<strong>kanoni</strong><br />
erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili pirovneba, romelmac gamoiyena `monaniebis~ saSualeba iyo<br />
1980-ian wlebSi siciliuri mafiis 36 erT-erTi Tavkaci _ tomazo buSeta (Tommaso Buscetta) 37 .<br />
misi Cvenebebis safuZvelze, 1983-87 wlebSi siciliaze gaimarTa sasamarTlo procesebis<br />
seria italiis mafiis aseulobiT wevrisa da Tavkacebis mimarT 38 _ e.w. Maxi Trial 39<br />
(Maxiprocesso _ ital.)<br />
mas Semdeg, rac italiis xelisuflebam daiwyo mafiis winaaRmdeg brZola da SesaZleblad<br />
gamoacxada saproceso SeTanxmebis (Pentito) gaformeba, mafiis ramdenime aTeulma<br />
cnobilma Tavkacma isargebla am SesaZleblobiT da `moinania~ Cadenili danaSauli.<br />
amdenad, italiis respublikis sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sistemaSi saproceso Se-<br />
Tanxmebis (Pentito) da mowmeTa dacvis programis arsebobas didi mniSvneloba aqvs.<br />
is xels uwyobs pirvelwyarodan danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebas<br />
da mowmeTa mier micemuli umniSvnelovanesi Cvenebebis safuZvelze, SesaZlebels xdis<br />
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi sistemis sxva wevrebis dapatimrebas.<br />
daskvnis saxiT, SeiZleba xazgasmiT aRiniSnos saproceso SeTanxmebis (Pentito) principis<br />
umniSvnelovanesi roli italiaSi organizebuli danaSaulebrivi dajgufebebis<br />
winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi.<br />
safrangeTis respublika<br />
safrangeTma sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi 40 (Code de procédure pénale) saproceso<br />
SeTanxmebis maregulirebeli normebi VI I Tavis 495-495/16 muxlebSi gvxvdeba da<br />
mas gamartivebuli warmoeba ewodeba. 41<br />
aRniSnuli normebi, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi Sesworebebis Setanis<br />
saxiT, safrangeTma 2004 wlis TebervalSi miiRo. kanonmdeblobaSi cvlilebebis Setanis<br />
ZiriTadi mizani iyo organizebul danaSaulTan ufro efeqtiani brZola da sasjelis<br />
SemcirebiT braldebulisaTvis gamoZiebasTan TanamSromlobis stimulis micema.<br />
safrangeTis kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis procedura<br />
_ plaider coupable 42 mosamarTlis TandaswrebiT unda ganxorcieldes.<br />
magaliTad, narkotikebis momxmareblis mimarT SeiZleba saqmiswarmoebis Sewyveta,<br />
Tu igi daeTanxmeba prokuroris winadadebas mkurnalobis kursis gavlis Sesaxeb.<br />
garda amisa, safrangeTis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 495-e muxli uSvebs<br />
rig daTqmebs, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, dasaSvebad miiCneva saproceso SeTanxmebis<br />
dadeba (gamartivebuli wesiT saqmiswarmoeba), kerZod:<br />
_ samarTaldarRvevebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia sagzao moZraobis wesebTan da maT<br />
darRvevasTan, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia winamdebare kodeqsiT;<br />
_ saxmeleTo transportis eqspluataciis wesebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
danaSaulebi;<br />
_ samarTaldarRvevebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia savaWro kodeqsis IV wignis, IV<br />
nawilis darRvevebTan, im SemTxevaSi Tu sasjelis saxiT ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
Tavisuflebis aRkveTa;<br />
32
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