marTlmsajuleba kanoni
marTlmsajuleba kanoni
marTlmsajuleba kanoni
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<strong>marTlmsajuleba</strong><br />
N4<br />
da<br />
<strong>kanoni</strong><br />
1633 wels, galileo galileis `wminda inkviziciam~ Seufarda Sinapatimroba yovelkvireuli<br />
monaniebis fsalmunebis kiTxvisa da kopernikis swavlebis uaryofis sanacvlod.<br />
1931 wels, cnobilma gangsterma al kaponem Tavi cno damnaSaved gadasaxadebis<br />
damalvaSi da Svidnaxevari wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miesaja alkatrasis cixeSi.<br />
bunebrivia, rom amgvari aRiareba iyo iZulebiTi nabiji, sxva ufro mZime braldebebis<br />
wardgenis safrTxis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
1969 wels, jeims erl reim sasikvdilo ganaCenis asacileblad Tavi damnaSaved cno<br />
martin luTer kingis mkvlelobaSi da sasamarTlom mas 99 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa<br />
miusaja.<br />
1973 wlis oqtomberSi, spiro teodor egnius amerikis SerTebuli Statebis 39-e<br />
vice-prezidents warudgines braldeba TaRliTuri gziT gadasaxadebis damalvasa da<br />
gamoZalvaSi (man ver SeZlo 1967 wels 29500 aSS dolaris odenobiT miRebuli Semosavlis<br />
dasabuTeba).<br />
spiro teodor egnium ar moisurva saqmis (braldebebis) ganxilva sasamarTloSi.<br />
mosalodneli mZime sasjelis sanacvlod, saproceso SeTanxmebis Sedegad, sasamarTlom<br />
igi daajarima 10.000 aSS dolaris odenobis jarimiT da miusaja sami wliT Tavisuflebis<br />
aRkveTa, romelic pirobiTad CauTvales da ra Tqma unda, SeTanxmebis erT-erTi piroba<br />
iyo misi gadadgoma vice-prezidentis postidan.<br />
aSS<br />
aSS-is konstituciaSi samoqalaqo uflebebis garantiebis Sesaxeb muxlebis ararseboba,<br />
qveynis arsebobis pirvelive wlebSi didi politikuri uTanxmoebis sagnad iqca. 11<br />
Sesabamisad, miRebuli iqna e.w. „uflebaTa bili~ 12 (Bill of Rights), romliTac ganisazRvra<br />
samoqalaqo uflebebis garantiebi da SeerTebuli Statebis konstituciis ganuyofel<br />
nawilad iqca.<br />
statiis TematikasTan dakavSirebiT, CvenTvis sainteresoa `meeqvse Sesworeba~ 13 , romliTac<br />
braldebuls garantirebuli aqvs `sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis yvela SemTxvevaSi<br />
swrafi da sajaro sasamarTlos ufleba, miukerZoebeli msajulebis (impartial jury)<br />
monawileobiT~ (sruli teqsti) 14<br />
vfiqrobT, swrafi marTlmsajulebis ufleba gaxda amosavali winapiroba saproceso<br />
SeTanxmebis principebis CamoyalibebisaTvis.<br />
XX saukunis dasawyisSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sasamarTlo praqtikaSi pirvelad,<br />
farTod dainerga saproceso SeTanxmeba da mas Semdeg, es instituti diskusiis sagania.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom aSS-Si sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa daaxloebiT 90% _ saproceso<br />
SeTanxmebiT mTavrdeba.<br />
saproceso SeTanxmeba (plea bargain) _ es aris SeTanxmeba prokuraturasa da braldebuls<br />
Soris _ braldebis farglebisa da sasjelis Sesaxeb.<br />
aSS-Si gamoiyeneba zemoxsenebuli saproceso SeTanxmebis saxeebi 15 :<br />
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