marTlmsajuleba kanoni
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ltolvilis statusis miniWebisa da samarTlis subieqtTa Taviseburebani did britaneTSi qeTevan CaxvaZe saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis humanitarul-socialuri fakultetis samarTalmcodneobis departamentis doqtoranti did britaneTSi ltolvilis statusis miniWebis metad mkacri meqanizmi arsebobs. am sferoSi wamyvani rols Sinagan saqmeTa saministro asrulebs. 2001 wels, didi britaneTis mTavrobam, Sinagan saqmeTa ministris saSualebiT, evrokavSiris qveynebs SesTavaza SeemuSavebinaT erTiani gegma, romelic gaamkacrebda qveyanaSi ltolvilisa da imigrantis miRebis wess. didma britaneTma evropeli partniori qveynebisagan miiRo Tanxmoba `ltolvilis statusis Sesaxeb~ 1951 wlis Jenevis konvenciaSi cvlilebebis Setanis Taobaze. Semu- Savebuli erTiani gegmis safuZvelze: 1. mkveTrad unda gaimijnos cnebebi: `ltolvili~ da `ekonomikuri imigranti~; 1 2. ucxoeli valdebulia ltolvilis statusi eZios im pirvelive qveyanaSi, sadac samSoblodan gamodevnili aRmoCnda; 133

marTlmsajuleba N4 da kanoni 3. didi britaneTi momxrea, evropis zogierT qveyanas ufleba mieces `mesame samyaros~ qveynebSi stiqiuri ubedurebisa da mZime krizisis dros daadginos misaReb ltolvilTa kvota. aqedan iwyeba didi britaneTis axali politika, msgavsad evropisa, gaamkacros qveynis migraciuli kanonmdebloba. yovelive amis mizania, gamartivdes ltolvilis statusis miniWeba im pirisaTvis, romelic Tavisi mdgomareobiT marTla saWiroebs am statuss da SeizRudos im pirTa qveyanaSi Semosvla, romelTac ara aqvT amis safuZveli. 2002 wlis 20 Tebervals, didma britaneTma miiRo axali kanoni `moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb~, romlis safuZvelze moqalaqeobis misaRebad savaldebuloa qveyanaSi cxovrebis 5 weli, xolo 3 weli im pirisaTvis, romelic aris britaneTis moqalaqis meuRle. agreTve, kanoniT savaldebuloa enis, qveynis kanonmdeblobis safuZvlebisa da didi britaneTis konstituciuri wyobis codna. 2 jer kidev, 1999 wels, didi britaneTis mTavrobam gaamkacra migraciuli politika, rac gamoixateboda TavSesafris maZiebel pirTa miRebis SezRudvasa da maTTvis socialuri SeRavaTebis akrZalvaSi. es miznad isaxavda didi britaneTis TavSesafris misaReb arasasurvel qveyanad gadaqcevas. aRniSnulma sasurveli Sedegic gamoiRo da TavSesafris miRebis msurvelTa Suamdgomlobis raodenobam, 1996 welTan SedarebiT, 2-jer iklo. es `warmateba~ 3 miRweul iqna britaneTSi TavSesafris maZiebel pirTaTvis socialuri daxmarebis Sewyvetis safuZvelze, ris Sedegadac isini metad mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen. maT daxmarebas uwevda mxolod saqvelmoqmedo organizaciebi: ltolvilTa Temi, eklesia da sxva religiuri jgufebi. am sistemis upiratesobaa, rom britaneTis mTavrobisagan did xarjebs ar iTxovs. ltolvilTa daxmareba ZiriTadad, ganpirobebulia qvelmoqmedebiT da xSir SemTxvevaSi, imigranti yovelgvari daxmarebis gareSe rCeba. inglisi aris unikaluri magaliTi, sadac axali imigrantebis integraciaSi udides rols ltolvilTa Temis organizaciebi asruleben. saxelmwifo amjobinebs subsidiebi gasces ltolvilTa Temis asociaciebze, romlebic pasuxs ageben axalmiRebulTa integrirebaze. am sakiTxisadmi amgvari midgomis dadebiTi mxarea, rom migrantTaTvis Cveuli garemo iqmneba, magram es xels uSlis inglisur sazogadoebaSi maT srul integracias. amasTan, zemoaRniSnulma SeiZleba gamoiwvios `getos~ msgavsi fenomeni, rac sazogadoebisaTvis uaryofiT Sedegebs iZleva. 1968 wels, didi britaneTi miuerTda `ltolvilis statusis Sesaxeb~ 1951 wlis Jenevis konvencias, 1967 wlis oqms da srulad aRiara saerTaSoriso samarTliT gansazRvruli ltolvilTa uflebebi. didi britaneTis migraciuli samarTlis ZiriTadi sakanonmdeblo aqtebia: 1999 wlis kanoni `TavSesafrisa da imigraciis~ Sesaxeb; 1996 wlis saapelacio oqmi `TavSesafrisa da imigrantis miniWebis sakiTxTa gadaWris Taobaze~; imigraciuli wesebi. amasTan, did britaneTSi ar arsebobs imigraciis erTiani koncefcia. magaliTad, kvotireba, rac mTel rig qveynebSi miRebulia. amgvarad, pirveli daskvna, romelic SeiZleba gakeTdes inglisSi arsebuli sistemis Sesaxeb _ am qveyanaSi ar arsebobs `migrantis~ cneba misi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli gagebiT. 134

ltolvilis<br />

statusis miniWebisa<br />

da samarTlis<br />

subieqtTa<br />

Taviseburebani<br />

did britaneTSi<br />

qeTevan CaxvaZe<br />

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis<br />

humanitarul-socialuri fakultetis<br />

samarTalmcodneobis departamentis doqtoranti<br />

did britaneTSi ltolvilis statusis miniWebis metad<br />

mkacri meqanizmi arsebobs. am sferoSi wamyvani rols<br />

Sinagan saqmeTa saministro asrulebs. 2001 wels, didi<br />

britaneTis mTavrobam, Sinagan saqmeTa ministris saSualebiT,<br />

evrokavSiris qveynebs SesTavaza SeemuSavebinaT<br />

erTiani gegma, romelic gaamkacrebda qveyanaSi ltolvilisa<br />

da imigrantis miRebis wess.<br />

didma britaneTma evropeli partniori qveynebisagan<br />

miiRo Tanxmoba `ltolvilis statusis Sesaxeb~ 1951 wlis<br />

Jenevis konvenciaSi cvlilebebis Setanis Taobaze. Semu-<br />

Savebuli erTiani gegmis safuZvelze:<br />

1. mkveTrad unda gaimijnos cnebebi: `ltolvili~ da<br />

`ekonomikuri imigranti~; 1<br />

2. ucxoeli valdebulia ltolvilis statusi eZios<br />

im pirvelive qveyanaSi, sadac samSoblodan gamodevnili<br />

aRmoCnda;<br />

133

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