Bulletin deJiaison et.dÃnformation - Institut kurde de Paris
Bulletin deJiaison et.dÃnformation - Institut kurde de Paris
Bulletin deJiaison et.dÃnformation - Institut kurde de Paris
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."<br />
<strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> <strong><strong>de</strong>Jiaison</strong> <strong>et</strong>.dÏnformation<br />
OCTOBRE ~ NOVEMB~E • DECEMBRE 1987<br />
. ' ',.' '. , ' ~'. '. '
...<br />
~ -ï<br />
Ce bull<strong>et</strong>in parait en français, allemand, anglais, <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, ttaUen, espagnol <strong>et</strong> tll'C.<br />
Prix au numéro: (France) 25 FF, (Etranger) 30 FF<br />
Abonnement annuel (12 numéros): (France) 200 FF,
sonnA 'l.R.:E :<br />
• TURQUIE: LES PARTIS KURDES ABSENTS DES ELECTIONS<br />
• IRAK: UN APPEL KURDE AU SOMMET ARABE<br />
• LE PRESIDENT ALLEMAND DEMANDE AUX AUTORITES<br />
TURQUES DE GARANTIR LES DROITS DE DES MINORITES<br />
• DOCUMENTS: L'ETAT TURC MET EN FICHE SES CITOYENS<br />
KURDES ET AUTORISE SON ARMEE A "TUER LES SEPARATISTES"<br />
• LA POLITIQUE KURDE D'ANKARA VUE PAR LES AMERICAINS<br />
• A SIGNALER<br />
• PUBLICATIONS RECENTES<br />
• DANS LA PRESSE KURDE<br />
• LA REVUE DE PRESSE, EN BREF<br />
• PUBLICATIONS EN VENTE<br />
TURQUIE: LES PARTIS KURDES ABSENTS<br />
DES ELECTIONS<br />
Dans le cadre du processus .<strong>de</strong> r<strong>et</strong>our à la démocratie. <strong>de</strong>s élections législatives anticipées ont eu lieu le 29 novembre en<br />
Turquie. Sept partis politiques turcs (<strong>de</strong>ux du centre-gauche, <strong>de</strong>ux du centre-droit <strong>et</strong> trois d'exrême-droite) étaient<br />
autorisés à y participer. Au terme d'une campagne à l'américaine, m<strong>et</strong>tant en oeuvre <strong>de</strong> moyens sans précé<strong>de</strong>nt le Parti <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Mère-Patrie (ANAP) du Premier ministre Turgut OZAL a obtenu avec seulement 36,3 % <strong>de</strong>s suffrages exprimés 64,9 % <strong>de</strong>s<br />
sièges (292 sur 450) <strong>de</strong> l'Assemblée Nationale turque. le centre-gauche a obtenu au total 33,3 % <strong>de</strong>s voix (24,8% pour le<br />
Parti populiste social-démocrate <strong>de</strong> M. Inönü <strong>et</strong> 8,50/0 pour le Parti <strong>de</strong> la gauche démocratique <strong>de</strong> M. Ecevit) <strong>et</strong> 99 sièges <strong>de</strong><br />
députés. le Parti <strong>de</strong> la Juste-Voie (centre-droit) <strong>de</strong> l'ancien Premier ministre Demirel, renversé par le coup d'Etat militaire<br />
du 12 septembre 1980, est arrivé en troisième position avec 19,2 % <strong>de</strong>s votes exprimés <strong>et</strong> 59 sièges. les formations qui n'ont<br />
pas réussi à franchir la barre <strong>de</strong>s 10 % <strong>de</strong>s suffrages exprimés n'auront pas <strong>de</strong> représentants au Parlement d'Ankara. Grâce<br />
à une loi électorale taillée sur mesure, M. Ozal qui, par rapport aux élections <strong>de</strong> 1983, a perdu 8,8 % <strong>de</strong>s voix <strong>et</strong> se voit<br />
désavoué par une large majorité( 63,3 %) <strong>de</strong>s électeurs se r<strong>et</strong>ouve à la tête d'une confortable majorité parlementaire, en<br />
charge du gouvernement du pays poIX les dnq années à venir.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te .démocratie à la turque. dont les limites ont été définies par le dispositif institutionnel mis en place par les<br />
généraux <strong>de</strong>puis 1980 est critiquée en Turquie même pour son caractère singulièrement inique <strong>et</strong> restrictif. Plusieurs<br />
dispositions <strong>de</strong> la Constitution turque, élaborée par les militaires <strong>et</strong> toujours en vigueur, <strong>de</strong> la loi électorale <strong>et</strong> du Co<strong>de</strong> pénal<br />
interdisent la participation <strong>de</strong>s organisations <strong>de</strong> gauche au jeu démocratique. Ouant aux 10 à 12 millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui<br />
représentent environ le quart <strong>de</strong> la population totale du pays, ils avaient le .choix. entre les partis politiques turcs qui, par<br />
conviction idéologique ou par crainte d'être interdits, refusent même <strong>de</strong> reconnaître leur existence. En eff<strong>et</strong>, l'article 81 <strong>de</strong> la<br />
loi n° 2820 portant statut <strong>de</strong>s partis politiques, adoptée le 22.4.1983 par le régime militaire, stipule que .Ies partiS<br />
politiques a) ne peuvent affirmer qu'il existe sur le territoire <strong>de</strong> la République <strong>de</strong> Turquie <strong>de</strong>s minorités basées sur une<br />
différence nationale ou religieuse, culturelle ou confessionnelle ou raciale ou linguistique; b) ne peuvent avoir pour objectif <strong>et</strong><br />
mener <strong>de</strong>s activités visant à saper l'unité nationale en créant <strong>de</strong>s minorités sur le territoire <strong>de</strong> la République <strong>de</strong> Turquie par la<br />
protection, le développement <strong>et</strong> la diffusion d'une langue <strong>et</strong> d'une culture autres que la langue <strong>et</strong> la culture turques •. les<br />
articles 141-4 <strong>et</strong> 142-3 du Co<strong>de</strong> pénal punissent <strong>de</strong> peines <strong>de</strong> 5 à 12 ans <strong>de</strong> réclusion les contrevenants individuels <strong>et</strong> un parti<br />
qui enfreindrait ces interdictions peut être dissous par la Cour constitutionnelle. Une fois <strong>de</strong> plus, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont donc été<br />
privés du droit d'élire librement leurs représentants. le vote étant obligatoire, ils ont souvent voté pour <strong>de</strong>s candidats leur<br />
paraissant les moins intolérants, les moins compromis avec le régime militaire. Signe éloquent <strong>de</strong>s distorsions <strong>et</strong> perversions <strong>de</strong><br />
la .démocratie • turque : à Diyarbakir, capitale politico-culturelle du Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> Turquie, traditionnellement bastion <strong>de</strong> la<br />
gauche, placés <strong>de</strong>vant le dilemme <strong>de</strong> choisir entre les candidats <strong>de</strong> M. Ecevit, farouchement anti-<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, <strong>de</strong> M. InOnü qui n'avait<br />
pas hésité à expulser <strong>de</strong> son parti ceux qui réclamain<strong>et</strong> la traduction en <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>de</strong> son programme, <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> M. Ozal, mis en selle<br />
sous le régime militaire, plus du quart <strong>de</strong>s électeurs ont voté pour le Parti <strong>de</strong> la prospérité, <strong>de</strong> tendance religieuse, qui<br />
dénonce l'intolérance <strong>et</strong> les injustices du régime <strong>et</strong> prône .Ia fraternité <strong>et</strong> la tolérance traditionnelles <strong>de</strong> l'Islam envers toutes<br />
les convictions <strong>et</strong> toutes les cultures •.
2<br />
IRAK: UN APPEL KURDE AU SOMMET ARABE<br />
les principales organisations <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s d'Irak ont lancé un appel commun au Somm<strong>et</strong> arabe extraordinaire qui s'est tenu le 8<br />
novembre à Amman. Dans c<strong>et</strong> appel signé par le Parti démocratique du Kurdistan d'Irak, le Parti démocratique du peuple<br />
<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> d'Irak, le Parti socialiste <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, le Parti socialiste du Kurdistan irakien <strong>et</strong> l'Union patriotique du Kurdistan irakien, les<br />
dirigeants <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s exposent aux chefs d'Etat arabes la situation dramatique du peuple <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> en Irak <strong>et</strong> les prient d'intervenir<br />
auprès <strong>de</strong>s autorités <strong>de</strong> Bagdad pour 'faire cesser le massacre <strong>et</strong> les déportations <strong>de</strong>s populations civiles <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s <strong>et</strong> la<br />
<strong>de</strong>struction <strong>de</strong>s villages du Kurdistan'. Au cours <strong>de</strong>s six <strong>de</strong>rniers mois, précise ce texte, 'Ie régime irakien a eu neuf fois<br />
recours à l'usage <strong>de</strong>s armes chimiques <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s gaz asphyxiants contre ses propres citoyens <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s. 2920 villages ont été<br />
détruits, 748 écoles fermées <strong>et</strong> 15 000 élèves privés d'enseignement •.<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s s'adressent régulièrement aux somm<strong>et</strong>s arabes ainsi qu'aux conférences islamiques. Jusqu'à présent, cependant,<br />
aucun Etat n'a eu le courage <strong>de</strong> prendre leur défense dans ces forums.<br />
LE PRESIDENT ALLEMAND<br />
DEMANDE AUX AUTORITES TURQUES DE GARANTIR LES DROITS DES MINORITES<br />
Depuis peu la Turquie décerne un "Prix Atatürk International <strong>de</strong> la Paix' . Attribué par un jury composé <strong>de</strong> 5 représentants<br />
du gouvernement turc, <strong>de</strong>ux représentants <strong>de</strong> l'armée, du prési<strong>de</strong>nt du Haut-Conseil Atatürk, du prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la République<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> sept personnes nommées par ce <strong>de</strong>rnier ce curieux prix étatique vise à améliorer à l'extérieur l'image du régime turc. En<br />
1986 il avait été remis en gran<strong>de</strong> pompe à M. Joseph Luns, secrétaire général <strong>de</strong> l'OTAN. C<strong>et</strong>te année le jury turc, où ne siège<br />
aucune personnalité indépendante, a choisi <strong>de</strong> 'récompenser le prési<strong>de</strong>nt allemand Richard von Veizsaecker pour ses efforts<br />
en faveur <strong>de</strong> la paix <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la démocratie' . Venant <strong>de</strong> la part d'un pays qui n'est pas précisément un modèle <strong>de</strong> démocratie,<br />
considéré par les organisations humanitaires comme l'un <strong>de</strong>s pays respectant le moins les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, c<strong>et</strong> hommage a<br />
suscité <strong>de</strong> vives polémiques en RFA: une respectable personnalité occi<strong>de</strong>ntale doit-elle, au nom <strong>de</strong> la raison d'Etat, accepter<br />
<strong>de</strong> telles opérations <strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong>? Annéniens, Chypriotes, Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie <strong>et</strong> d'Irak, démocrates turcs sont là pour<br />
témoigner que l'Etat turc n'est ni à l'intérieur ni à l'extérieur <strong>de</strong> ses frontières une puissance <strong>de</strong> paix <strong>et</strong> qu'il n'est pas<br />
vraiment bien placé pour décerner un Prix international <strong>de</strong> la paix. Qui plus est, ce prix porte le nom d'Atatürk, qui en 15<br />
années <strong>de</strong> pouvoir absolu a déporté <strong>et</strong> masscré plus d'un million <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s au nom <strong>de</strong> son idéologie chauvine <strong>et</strong> fascisante.<br />
C'est encore au nom <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te idéologie kémaliste que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s sont privés <strong>de</strong> leurs droits élémentaires, que les défenseurs<br />
<strong>de</strong>s libertés sont persécutés. A quand un Prix international <strong>de</strong> la démocratie attribué par Pinoch<strong>et</strong>?<br />
Ces critiques <strong>et</strong> d'autres n'ont pas empêché le prési<strong>de</strong>nt allemand <strong>de</strong> se rendre à Ankara pour recevoir <strong>de</strong>s mains du général<br />
Evren son Prix Atatürk. Et d'une manière inattendue pour ses hôtes turcs, au cours <strong>de</strong> la cérémonie <strong>de</strong> réception, il a prononcé<br />
un discours sur les vertus <strong>de</strong> la démocratie, <strong>de</strong> la tolérance <strong>et</strong> du respect <strong>de</strong>s minorités, discours qualifié <strong>de</strong> "leçon non<br />
<strong>de</strong>mandée <strong>de</strong> démocratie" par la presse turque <strong>et</strong> qui a produit l'eff<strong>et</strong> d'une douche froi<strong>de</strong> sur les officiels turcs. "La<br />
démocratie ne saurait être une grossière action <strong>de</strong> missionnaire mais la liberté <strong>de</strong> persua<strong>de</strong>r <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> convaincre. Lorque l'Etat<br />
adopte une idéologie <strong>et</strong> une vision du mon<strong>de</strong> détenninées <strong>et</strong> répond par la répression aux opinions contraires il est impossible<br />
qu'un dialogue libre se développe (... ). Quand on veut la paix dans le mon<strong>de</strong>, on doit également viser à instaurer la paix dans son<br />
pays. Cela signifie parfois une meilleure garantie <strong>de</strong>s droits humains individuels, en certains cas la réalisation d'une meilleure,<br />
justice sociale, quelquefois l'abolition <strong>de</strong>s restrictions racistes <strong>et</strong> la protection <strong>de</strong>s minorités. Comme la plupart <strong>de</strong>s Etats<br />
nationaux d'Europe la Turquie d'Atatürk a été également confrontée au problème <strong>de</strong>s minorités <strong>et</strong>hniques <strong>et</strong> religieuses. Nous<br />
comprenons les inquiétu<strong>de</strong>s que vous éprouvez à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s entreprises menées sous tel ou tel paravent contre l'intégrité <strong>de</strong><br />
la nation turque. Notre propre histoire <strong>et</strong> notre expérience nous ont appris que pour assurer la paix intérieure d'une nation il<br />
faut que les divers peuples <strong>et</strong> groupes d'opinion, dans la loyauté <strong>et</strong> l'adhésion aux lois <strong>et</strong> à la constitution <strong>de</strong> l'Etat, vivent<br />
ensemble dans le respect mutuel <strong>et</strong> la tolérance (... ) A la base du mouvement d'ouverture vers l'Europe initié par Atatürk<br />
résidait la conviction que le principe du respect <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>et</strong> du progrès démocratique <strong>de</strong>vait nous être commun.<br />
De ce fait, <strong>et</strong> parce que nous sommes <strong>de</strong> plus en plus proches les uns <strong>de</strong>s autres la protection <strong>et</strong> l'observation <strong>de</strong> ces valeurs<br />
sont suivies avec gran<strong>de</strong> attention. La question du traitement <strong>de</strong>s détenus <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s condamnés dans le respect <strong>de</strong>s principes <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Etat <strong>de</strong> droit <strong>et</strong> d'une manière compatible avec la dignité humaine est un test que les démocraties doivent passer avec<br />
succès".<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te prise <strong>de</strong> position <strong>de</strong> M. Von Weizsaecker a beaucoup irrité les autorités turques. Le général Evren a parlé "<strong>de</strong> jugements<br />
unilatéraux, erronés <strong>et</strong> partiaux" <strong>et</strong> réitéré que "tous les droits <strong>de</strong>s gens vivant en Turquie sont garantis par la Constitution<br />
<strong>et</strong> la justice turque indépendante". C<strong>et</strong>te visite qui <strong>de</strong>vait rehausser l'image du régime turc chez son meilleur allié européen a<br />
finalement créé ce que la presse officieuse turque appelle "un nouveau malaise dans les relations germano-turques" .<br />
DOCUMENTS: L'ETAT TURC MET EN FICHE SES CITOYENS KURDES ET AUTORISE SON ARMEE A<br />
"TUER LES SEPARATISTES"<br />
.'<br />
l 'hebdomadaire turc 2Ooo'e Dogru (Vers 2000) qui avait réussi à ach<strong>et</strong>er moyennant environ 100.000 dollars une partie<br />
<strong>de</strong>s archives <strong>de</strong> la prési<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>de</strong> la république turque, en dépit <strong>de</strong>s saisies <strong>et</strong> poursuites judiciaires nombreuses, continue <strong>de</strong><br />
J
3<br />
publier certains documents secr<strong>et</strong>s ayant notamment trait i la qUlltion <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, Ainsi, dan. IOn numéro 51, dat6 du 13<br />
décembre, Il reproduit un "rapport top secr<strong>et</strong>. sur la mise en nche. d'envlon 2 million. <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong> •• Ce rapport porte IUr le•<br />
•trlbul <strong>de</strong> 23 départements <strong>de</strong> l'Anatolie <strong>de</strong> l'Est <strong>et</strong> du Sud-Est. (NDlR : En fait, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ne tonnent une large maJorlt6<br />
<strong>de</strong> la populstl nM nue dans 19 <strong>de</strong> ces 23 départements), ees 'rlbus. IOnt clallées en fonction <strong>de</strong> leur .loyaut6 enver.l'Etat<br />
turc. ln quatre catéQorles : celles qullOutlennent lei acdvlt6s kurdlstll, celles qullOnt suspectes, celles qui paral ... nt<br />
attachées à la J..1tr1\:! i~DLR : à la patrie turque, évi<strong>de</strong>mment) <strong>et</strong> celles qullOnt attachées ill patrie, 871 184 personne.<br />
sont répertOi:à98 ùQ\"li (A3ltàJ\l:;ilt:re.:l catégorie, Les autres Kur<strong>de</strong>slOnt IOlt .suspects" (502 921), IOlt "kurdl.te." (782<br />
014), Une p<strong>et</strong>ite minorité (14 533) est.apparemment attachée ila patrie",<br />
le rapport dresse la liste nomlnatlve <strong>de</strong> ces tribus <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> leurs chefs, évalue leur niveau d'éducation <strong>et</strong> leurs rivalités avec<br />
d'autres tribus. Les autorités :,:l',,,~~ <strong>et</strong> militaires <strong>de</strong>s provinces <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s à qui ce rapport est <strong>de</strong>stiné ont pour Instruction<br />
d'agir à l'égara Cle 1.1 pnpu",!';Jn it)cale en fonction <strong>de</strong> ces "crltérll <strong>de</strong> loyauté", d'accor<strong>de</strong>r faveurs <strong>et</strong> privilèges aux<br />
loyalistes, d'attiser les conflits Internes "<strong>de</strong>s suspects <strong>et</strong> kurdistes" ,<br />
Dès sa sortie <strong>de</strong>s presses, l'hebdomadaire a été saisi pour "Incltadon ouverte <strong>de</strong> la population à la haine <strong>et</strong> à l'animosité" <strong>et</strong><br />
déféré à la Cour <strong>de</strong> sar<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat. Ce même hebdomadaire publie dans IOn numéro daté du 15 novembre (voir Revue <strong>de</strong><br />
pres .. , p 55) un ordre du Jour signé du général <strong>de</strong> gendarmerie Osman ÇlTIN <strong>et</strong> adressé aux unités turques opérant lU<br />
Kurdistan, le général leur <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> monter localement <strong>de</strong>s opéradons <strong>et</strong> embusca<strong>de</strong>s "ayant pour but d'arrêter <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> tuer<br />
<strong>de</strong>s membres <strong>de</strong>s organisations séparadstes <strong>et</strong> subversives" , les militaires tures en campagne, munis <strong>de</strong> leur autorisation <strong>de</strong><br />
tuer, s'arrogent ainslie droit <strong>de</strong> Juger sur le champ, sana autre fonne <strong>de</strong> procès, <strong>de</strong> dire qui est "séparatiste", "terroriste"<br />
ou "subversif" <strong>et</strong> tiS l'abattre. De c<strong>et</strong>te façon <strong>de</strong> nombreux civils <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s ont été assassinés au cours <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>rnières années.<br />
L'hebdomadaire publie <strong>de</strong> nombreux témoignages <strong>de</strong>s paysans <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s soldats tures sur ces tueries sommaires.<br />
LA POLITIQUE KU~I'IF ~,,.t.'Y"~A VUE PAR LES AMERICAINS<br />
Le quotidien turc Söz publie dans son numéro du 9 novembre <strong>de</strong>s extraits d'une analyse du problème <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> faite en septembre<br />
1979 par l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> américaine d'Ankara à l'intention du Département d'Etat. D'après ce document "les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
constituent la majorité CW;1ina'1!e dans les provinces <strong>de</strong> l'Est <strong>et</strong> du Sud.Est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie. Dans certaines réglons comme celle<br />
<strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir celte majorité atteint jusqu'à 90 % <strong>de</strong> la population, Depuis la fondation Il y a environ 50 ans <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rne les pouvoirs ont contrôlé ia région au moyen d'une collaboration économique <strong>et</strong> politique avec les propriétaires<br />
fonciers <strong>et</strong> les chefs <strong>de</strong> tribus <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s <strong>et</strong> d'une puissante présence militaire, Bien que <strong>de</strong> nombreux Kur<strong>de</strong>s soient Intégrés à la<br />
vie politique <strong>et</strong> éco'1("-';' iS !I.lroue la région qu'ils habitent <strong>de</strong>meure la moins développée du pays. Par ailleurs, en raison <strong>de</strong>s<br />
insurrections kljrcif'!~ ';I:lE pwmières années <strong>de</strong> la République, les Turcs ont toujours été sceptiques quant à la loyauté <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s envers l'Etal. Pour assurer la paix dans la région <strong>et</strong> réprimer les mouvements séparatistes ils ne se sont appuyés que<br />
sur la force militaire (, .. ) ~es Kur<strong>de</strong>s occupent une place importante parmi les partisans d'Ecevit (NDLR, l'ancien Premier<br />
ministre social-dérnooate lure, prési<strong>de</strong>nt du Parti républicain du peuple). Depuis plus <strong>de</strong> 10 ans les jeunes Kur<strong>de</strong>s éduqués<br />
sont <strong>de</strong> plus en plus conscier.ls <strong>de</strong> leur i<strong>de</strong>ntité <strong>et</strong>lYlique <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la politique <strong>de</strong> négligence menée dans leur région. (... ) Face à la<br />
conscience <strong>et</strong>hnique grandissante <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> aux conceptions nationalistes <strong>de</strong>s militaires le cabin<strong>et</strong> Ecevit fait preuve <strong>de</strong><br />
tolérance, <strong>de</strong> respect rigoureux <strong>de</strong>s lois <strong>et</strong> renforce les moyens légaux traditionnels. Celte "approche douce" d'Ecevit est le<br />
résultat naturel <strong>de</strong> ses convictions social-démocrates <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> son besoin <strong>de</strong> ménager les parlementaires d'origine <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>de</strong> son<br />
parti <strong>et</strong> les indépendants pour conserver sa majorité aitique au Parlement Comme cela a été indiqué récemment au cours d'un<br />
entr<strong>et</strong>ien avec l'Ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur, le plus haut responsable militaire turc, le général Evren, partage la volonté d'Ecevit <strong>de</strong><br />
poursuivre celte "aoproche dour.e", L'opinion d'Evren selon laquelle à l'origine <strong>de</strong> la question <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> se trouverait le r<strong>et</strong>ard pris<br />
dans la miS» l'l' ('i't 'V'" ri, 'ne Ir" ,.£\ rpforrne agraire simplifie un peu trop c<strong>et</strong>te question. Mais le Chef d'état-major turc croit à<br />
la nécessité dA r{>wl Idre la question <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> si possible sans avoir recours aux métho<strong>de</strong>s traditionnelles d'écrasement <strong>de</strong> têtes.<br />
Cependant l'approche Ecevit-Evren ne représente pas la tendance générale. Et nous avons reçu <strong>de</strong>s rapports indiquant que les<br />
autres n'étrlient pas contents cie ('.elte attitu<strong>de</strong>. Ces <strong>de</strong>miers préfèrent une approche plus dure <strong>et</strong> l'écrasement <strong>de</strong> ceux qui<br />
créent d8s prnhlArnp", mur rèiablir l'autorité turque dans la région. D'après les <strong>de</strong>rniers rapports <strong>de</strong>s services <strong>de</strong><br />
renseignement, interrogés sur l'état <strong>de</strong> la sécurité dans l'Est les autorités semblent partager celte approche plus<br />
traditionnelle <strong>et</strong> plus dure. L'affaiblissement du contrôle général dans la région est considéré comme la preuve <strong>de</strong> la perte <strong>de</strong><br />
tout contrôle, Les conclusions <strong>de</strong>s auteurs <strong>de</strong> ces rapports à propos <strong>de</strong> la sécurité expriment tout à fait leurs sentiments sur<br />
la façon d'abor<strong>de</strong>r ce suj<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> sont à l'opposé <strong>de</strong> l'approche d'Ecevit-Evren. (... ) Nous croyons que le gouvernement turc<br />
poursuivra sa politique "d'approche douce •. Si, dans les mois à venir, le gouvernement Ecevit <strong>de</strong>vait tomber ou les<br />
développements en Iran <strong>et</strong> en Iran <strong>de</strong>vaient entraîner l'abandon <strong>de</strong> celte politique, il est très probable que pour rétablir<br />
l'autorité l'armée turque usant <strong>de</strong> son dro" <strong>de</strong> préséance entreprendra <strong>de</strong> prendre le contrôle <strong>de</strong>s forces séparatistes <strong>de</strong> la<br />
région. Nous croyons que celte entreprise sera <strong>de</strong> caractère dur, sans aucune nuance. Cela pourrait peut-être étouffer à<br />
court tenne les voix <strong>de</strong> mécontentement <strong>et</strong> pousser sous terre les radicaux. la solution à long terme est un développement<br />
économique accéléré qui puisse arracher l'est <strong>de</strong> la TlJ'quie à sa place <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>rnière dans la liste <strong>de</strong>s principaux indices<br />
économiques."
--------------------------------------"""'!!"ll,.:--<br />
4<br />
Comme on salt, un an jour pour jour après la rédaction <strong>de</strong> ce document américain, l'armée turque usant <strong>de</strong> son fameux "droit <strong>de</strong><br />
préséance" n'existant dans aucun Etat <strong>de</strong> droit, a renversé le gouvernement légal du pays pour m<strong>et</strong>tre en oeuvre une<br />
"approche plus dure, sans aucune nuance" . Une approche qui s'est traduite par l'arrestation <strong>de</strong>s dizaines <strong>de</strong> milliers <strong>de</strong><br />
militants <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, la torture, les mises à mort sommaires, <strong>et</strong>c...<br />
A<br />
SIGNALER<br />
:. AZJZ HESlli. DEVANT 1.A CQUB.ce. SURETE .ce. L'ETAT. Le célèbre humoriste turc a comparu le 25 décembre <strong>de</strong>vant la<br />
Cour <strong>de</strong> sOr<strong>et</strong>é d'Etat d'Istanbul pour avoir, dans une Interview accordée en aoOt <strong>de</strong>rnier à l'hebdomadaire 2000'E OOGRU,<br />
réclamé <strong>de</strong>s droits culturels pour les Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Ce faisant, Il se serait rendu coupable <strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong> "affaiblissant les<br />
sentiments nationaux", <strong>de</strong> "discrimination raciale <strong>et</strong> d'offense à la mémoire d'Atatürk" . M. Nesin, qui, jusqu'à ces <strong>de</strong>rnières<br />
années, sous l'influence <strong>de</strong> l'intense bourrage <strong>de</strong> crâne <strong>de</strong> l'éducation nationaliste turque niait lui-même l'existence <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
en Turquie a tourné en dérision l'idéologie officielle <strong>et</strong> ses juges. La Cour a décidé <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r un rapport d'expertise au<br />
"Centre Atatürk <strong>de</strong> recherches qui est l'autorité la plus compétente pour indiquer si les propos incriminés constituent un<br />
délit" <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> renvoyer à une date ultérieure le procès. Souhaitant consacrer "les <strong>de</strong>rnières années <strong>de</strong> son existence à la cause <strong>de</strong><br />
la justice <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la démocratie" Aziz Nesin déclare "qu'il ne reculera <strong>de</strong>vant aucun obstacle ou interdit, qu'il militera jusqu'au<br />
bout pour que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s si injustement traités en Turquie obtiennent tous les droits, à l'exception du droit <strong>de</strong> créer un Etat<br />
séparé". C<strong>et</strong> écrivain avait déjà fait preuve d'un courage singulier en intentant un procès au général Evren, chef <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc,<br />
pour "atteinte à la bonne réputation <strong>de</strong> la Turquie en instituant la pratique systématique <strong>de</strong> la torture <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la censure". Il ne<br />
s'est évi<strong>de</strong>mment trouvé aucun juge pour instruire une telle plainte dans un pays dont les habitants n'ont toujours pas accédé<br />
véritablement au statut <strong>de</strong> citoyens.<br />
:.lJH DOSSIER D'AMNESTY &J.B 1.A TORTURE Et:! TURQUIE. L'organisationhumanitaire a publié en novembre un dossier<br />
très documenté sur l'usage systématique <strong>de</strong> la torture dans les prisons turques, les centres <strong>de</strong> torture <strong>et</strong> les métho<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>s<br />
tortionnaires (Cf. Revue <strong>de</strong> presse <strong>de</strong> novembre pp 17-23).<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
RECENTES<br />
Al-DAHOODI Zuhdi, Die Kur<strong>de</strong>n, Geschichte, Kultur und Uberlebenskampf, Umschan Verlag, Franckfort, 1987, 191p.<br />
KRISTEV Radoy, Borbata na kurdite za natsionalno ocvoboj<strong>de</strong>nie( La lutte <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s pour la libération nationale), in <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> l'<strong>Institut</strong> pour les théories sociales contemporaines <strong>de</strong> l'Académie bulgare <strong>de</strong>s sciences, pp 19-35.<br />
RUHANI Baba Mardukh, Tarixi mesairi kurd(Histoire <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s célèbres, mystiques, savants, gens <strong>de</strong> l<strong>et</strong>tres <strong>et</strong> poètes),<br />
volume 2, Soroush Press, Téhéran, 1987, 289 p. En persan.<br />
RES Kerem, Parad(Para<strong>de</strong>), éditions Sovi<strong>et</strong>ski Pisatel, Moscou, 1987,493 p. Traduction russe <strong>de</strong>s nouvelles d'un écrivain<br />
<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> soviétique.<br />
RESIT Tosin, Nivro(Midi), éditions Sovi<strong>et</strong>akan Grog, Erevan, 1987, 136 p. Recueil <strong>de</strong> poèmes en langue <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, caractères<br />
cyrilliques.<br />
DANS LA PRESSE KURDE<br />
~c (le But), magazine en <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Union démocratique <strong>de</strong>s ouvriers <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, P.O. Box 240,1275024 Uppsala,<br />
Suè<strong>de</strong>, publie dans son numéro daté <strong>de</strong> décembre, 12p. , un texte <strong>de</strong> rémOrA Xeln sur le 90ème anniversaire <strong>de</strong> la naissance<strong>de</strong><br />
l'écrivain <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> soviétique Erebê Semo, une interview avec le poète <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> irakien S. Bêkes, <strong>de</strong>ux nouvelles <strong>de</strong> H. Hall <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> K.<br />
Berz, <strong>de</strong>s poèmes ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s informations sur la situation au Kurdistan.<br />
:Bt::R.:BANa(l'Aurore), organe en <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s associations <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s en Suè<strong>de</strong>, Box 45205, 104 30<br />
Stockholm, publie dans son numéro 7/87(46) daté du 15 décembre, un article <strong>de</strong> X. Xozan sur la situation au Kurdistan <strong>de</strong><br />
Turquie placée une nouvelle fois sous l'autorité d'un Inspecteur général d'Ankara, un compte-rendu du récent voyage <strong>de</strong>s<br />
interprètes <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s <strong>de</strong> Suè<strong>de</strong> en Union soviétique, un conte <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> recueilli par Oskar Mann, un texte <strong>de</strong> présentation <strong>de</strong>s<br />
oeuvres <strong>de</strong> l'artiste <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> Madhad M. An ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s informations sur la vie <strong>de</strong> la communauté <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> en Suè<strong>de</strong>.<br />
:DENat: xonx...ut, organe <strong>de</strong> la Fédération <strong>de</strong>s Associations <strong>de</strong> travailleurs du Kurdistan en Allemagne Fédérale, publie<br />
dans son numéro 101 (16p.) daté d'octobre 87 un compte rendu <strong>de</strong> la discussion <strong>de</strong> la question <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>de</strong>vant la<br />
sous-commission <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>de</strong>s Nations Unies, une interview <strong>de</strong> Christina Kukielka, membre du Pa~ement régional<br />
<strong>de</strong> Hambourg, un texte <strong>de</strong> A. Bali, sur la langue <strong>et</strong> la littérature <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s. lin" rubrique <strong>de</strong> publications récentes, ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s
5<br />
<strong>de</strong> Hambourg, un texte <strong>de</strong> A. BaIl, sur la langue el la Hllérature <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, une rubrique <strong>de</strong> publications récenles, ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Informations sur les actIvllés <strong>de</strong> l'association el sur la situation en Turqule.<br />
noaUA nu.X,WU)UT..lN, édité en français par le Comllé du Kurdistan, BP 445, 75527 Pans Ce<strong>de</strong>x 11, publie daJ<br />
IOn numéro 17 (sep.) , daté <strong>de</strong> novembre-décembre, un article du journaliste suisse Georg Schwarz", Inlltulé "le Kurdistan<br />
prllau piège <strong>de</strong> la violence el <strong>de</strong> la contre-vlolenc8", LI1 récit <strong>de</strong> voyage <strong>de</strong> Dominique N. dans la province <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> d'Adlyaman,<br />
<strong>de</strong>i nouvell.. <strong>de</strong>i prIIOnl a!nll que <strong>de</strong>i informations sur la lutlI ell88 activités du PKK (Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs du Kurdistan).<br />
~'J, organe <strong>de</strong> l'AI8ocIation <strong>de</strong>s étudiants <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s en AsIe, édité à Karachi, publie dans son numéro <strong>de</strong> septembre 87<br />
III texte <strong>de</strong> présentation sur les Kur<strong>de</strong>s, un article sur les principales organisations <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s InformalIons sur la<br />
répression au Kurdistan.<br />
x,WU)1.SCJŒS 1.Nf'OStnAT1.ON'1 !t-t'J'J, Unke WIenzelle 78,1060 VIENNE, bull<strong>et</strong>in édité en allemand, publie <strong>de</strong><br />
IOn n° 11, dalé d'octobre 87 un article sur l'Interdiction <strong>de</strong>s noms <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s en Turquie, un article sur la révolte <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> du Monl<br />
Arara~ 1927-1930,18 texte du pacte conclu entrel'organisalion arménienne Tasnak elle Khoyboon <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> ainsi qu'un point <strong>de</strong><br />
vue sur Ismail Beslkçl el son combal pour la vérité.<br />
R.1.y.A. ~ (le chemin <strong>de</strong> la liberté), organe en turc du Comité central du Parti socialiste <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie, publie lI'I<br />
lexte sur le 708 anniversaire <strong>de</strong> la révolution d'octobre, un article <strong>de</strong> S. Savoskul sur la révolution soviétique, ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s<br />
informations sur les activités <strong>de</strong> ce parti <strong>et</strong> sur la situation sociale <strong>et</strong> politique en Turquie.<br />
l'13tWE, revue culturelle <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> en caractères arabes imprimée à Ourmiah(Kurdistan iranien), publie dans son numéro 14,<br />
daté <strong>de</strong> décembre, un article sur le chanteur En Merdan, une étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Marif Aghayi sur la géographie <strong>de</strong> la province <strong>de</strong><br />
Shino(Oushnoviah), un texte d'Omar Faruqi sur le saint <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> Weysel Oerani, un point <strong>de</strong> vue <strong>de</strong> Qazi Etmed sur la diffICUlté<strong>de</strong><br />
vivre dans les villes,1arubrique littéraire <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> C. Cheikh allslami, <strong>de</strong>s contes, <strong>de</strong>s poèmes, <strong>de</strong>s proverbes <strong>et</strong> adages, <strong>et</strong>c ...<br />
===========================================================<br />
A NOS LECTEURS<br />
En raison <strong>de</strong>s diificultés financières <strong>et</strong> techniques <strong>de</strong> l'institut<br />
la parution du <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> a subi un garnd r<strong>et</strong>ard. Pour le résorber<br />
progressivement nous sommes amenés à publier quelques<br />
numéros triples. Nous espérons être en mesure d'assurer<br />
courant 1988 une meilleure régularité <strong>et</strong> prions instamment nos<br />
lecteurs <strong>et</strong> abonnés <strong>de</strong> bien vouloir nous excuser .<br />
------------------------------------------------------------
~OtCA<br />
VOmml ŒOO ¥IEOOVIE<br />
L'I nstltut Kur<strong>de</strong> dtffuse <strong>de</strong>s Hvres, dtsques, cass<strong>et</strong>tes <strong>et</strong> certes poste les. Vous en trouverez le Hate ct -<strong>de</strong>ssous.<br />
Pour vous lea procurer, envoyez le bon <strong>de</strong> commen<strong>de</strong>, avec votre rèolement per chique, CCP ou mendlt. Aucun<br />
envoi ne peut être feit contre remboursement.<br />
LlYRES<br />
El! f.RAP.t.~ LES KURDES ET LE KURDISTAN, oINr. collectif<br />
ANTtlJLOOIE DE LA POESIE POPULAIRE KURDE, Gérerd Chlilend<br />
MANUEL DE KURDE, Jop Blau<br />
GRAMMAIRE KURDE, Djeled<strong>et</strong> Bédir Khln <strong>et</strong> Roger LeIcot<br />
IMAGES DU KURDISTAN DE TURQUIE, ~ueUlp Mlli<br />
PERSECUTIONDU PEUPLE KURDE EN SYRIE,IS. Venlu<br />
EN FLAMAN LIED DER AARDE, Me<strong>de</strong>ni Ferho<br />
CIGERXWIN, POEZIE UIT KOERDISTAN, Der'w'i, Ferho<br />
Eli ALLEMAND KURDISCHEVOLKSDICHTUNG,Thomas Bots<br />
fit TIŒC.<br />
~IVAN'I N SEVDASI, Mahmut Bakst<br />
KÜRT'ÜN TÜRK'ÜSÜ<br />
ZAU£A- TÜRKÇE 5ÖZLÜK, Malmtsenij<br />
Di ARABE L'HISTOIRE DES KURDES ET DU KURDISTAN, Hehemed Emtn lekt<br />
CIRIKEY KURDISTAN<br />
REVUES APPEL DU KURDISTAN, NO3 <strong>et</strong> 4<br />
THE KURDISH OBSERVER<br />
DISGUES ~IVAN PERVER, The Kurdish Troubedour<br />
GULÎSTAN, My Heart ts t n Kurdisten<br />
CASSETTES ~IVAN PERVER, JI bo zerokên Kurdistan NO 1 <strong>et</strong> 2<br />
NÎZAMETTÎN ARIÇ, NO5<br />
BARAN N02<br />
STRANiN ME OOSTIN, Me1tke & ~1yan<br />
TENO, ChInta du Kurdistan<br />
CIWAN, N03 (éd: <strong>Institut</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>)<br />
MAZHAR, Miezi Kurdl NO1,2,3 <strong>et</strong> 4<br />
40F<br />
40F<br />
80 F<br />
200 r<br />
40r<br />
20 f<br />
20 F<br />
20 F<br />
20 F<br />
30 F<br />
50 r<br />
85 F<br />
120 F<br />
25 F<br />
15 F<br />
lOF<br />
70r<br />
70 F<br />
35 f<br />
35 F<br />
35 F<br />
35 r<br />
40F<br />
35 F<br />
35 F<br />
CARTES<br />
POST ALES<br />
Notr <strong>et</strong> blenc<br />
Couleur<br />
2f<br />
3f<br />
AffiCHES tlJMMAGE AYILMAZ GÜNEY<br />
PUBLICATIOIS HEYI, revue littéraire, en <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, no 2, 3,4<strong>et</strong> 5<br />
nL"IISTITUT STUDIA KURDICA, revue d'étu<strong>de</strong>s, no 1 (arabe <strong>et</strong> persen)<br />
no 2 (erebe), no 3 (turc),<br />
BULLETIN DE LIAISON ET D'INFORMATION, (tous lea numéros)<br />
CARTE GEOORAPHIQUEDU KURDI5T AN (couleur, 125x80)<br />
lOF<br />
50 F<br />
40r<br />
30 F<br />
25 F<br />
100 F
LlYRES<br />
tH KIRMANCÎ<br />
ZEND AVISTA, C.rX'w'ln<br />
RONAK, C.rx'w''in<br />
SEFAK, C8Q8rxw'in<br />
HÊVÎ, CegerX'w'ln<br />
HÊlÎN, Mahmut Baksl<br />
TU, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Uzun<br />
ALADÎN Û lAMPAVA BI EFSÛN, traduit per Bavê Barzan<br />
DENGÊROJA OIL, Der'w'ê~ Ferho<br />
EH ÛPIRSA HEp SahlM Sorelcll<br />
Mi RI NA KALEid RI ND, Mehmed Uzun<br />
GIRTÎ, F1rat CtNerl<br />
KOMARA DEMOt
•<br />
••<br />
LA REVUE DE PRESSE EN BREF - OCTOBRE 1987<br />
EN MARGB DB LA GUERRE DU GOLFB,Ia r6pression contre les Kur<strong>de</strong>s (Le Mon<strong>de</strong> Libertaire 17.9.87).<br />
A LA SUITE DB L'ARRBSTATION D'UN GUlDB FRANCAIS en Turquie, protestation <strong>de</strong> Marc Fraysse,<br />
conseiller r6gional <strong>et</strong> conseiller municipal <strong>de</strong> D6cines. Le Parlement europ6en adopte une r6solution condamnant c<strong>et</strong><br />
acte. (Lyon-Matin 29.9.87, Parlement Europ6en 10.87).<br />
LA DIFFICll.E SrnJATION DES MINORITBS CHRETIENNES en Turquie (La l<strong>et</strong>tre du GDM 10.87).<br />
DESTRUCTION DE 2 BASES Mll..ITAIRES IRANIENNES par les Kur<strong>de</strong>s, selon le PDKI (AFP 3.10.87,<br />
L'Humanité 5.10.87).<br />
TEMOIGNAGE SUR L'IRAK EN GUERRE d'un ingénieur, J.F. Danneels, qui y a passé plusieurs mois, en<br />
particulier au Kurdistan. "C'est un régime qui se dit socialiste mais en réalité totalitaire <strong>et</strong> qui ne me semble pas<br />
beaucoup trancher avec: celui <strong>de</strong> 11ran". (La Nouvelle oq,êche du Centre Ouest 3.10.87).<br />
LE GUIDE FRANCAIS BN LIBERTE PROVISOIRE (Le Figaro 6.10.87). ASSIGNE A RESIDENCE EN<br />
TURQUIE, il est "inqui<strong>et</strong> pour sa sécurité" (L'Humanité 6.10.87). LA PRESSE TURQUE CRITIQUE le proc~ qui<br />
est intenté. Michel Caraminot,le gui<strong>de</strong> fratlçais (Le Mon<strong>de</strong> 6.10.87).<br />
6 MORTS lors d'un accrochage. SUn. 4 REBELLES TUES dans le village <strong>de</strong> Dirckli. En tout, 86 personnes tu6cs<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>puis 3 mois, selon Milliyct (AFP 7 <strong>et</strong> 12.10.87).<br />
Il TIJES par <strong>de</strong>s rebelles <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s (Le Mon<strong>de</strong> 13.10.87).<br />
ROME SOUS LE CHOC, après le rapt <strong>de</strong> 3 Italiens en Irak, par un groupe <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> pro-iranien. LES AUTORITES<br />
ITALIENNBS, MALGRE ELLES, SE TROUVENT IMPLIQUEES plus avant dans la Guerre du Golfe (Le Matin<br />
14.10.87, Libération 15.10.87).<br />
LE GUIDE PREND LA CLEF DES CHAMPS, profitant <strong>de</strong> sa mise en liberté provisoire. (Libération 17.10.87).<br />
BUREAUX PARISIENS DE LA LUFI1IANSA occupés par <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s (Le Soir 19.10.87).<br />
EXECUTION DE 6 PERSONNES COUPABLES D'OPERATIONS ARMEES en Iran (AFP 19.10.87).<br />
TEMOIGNAGE SUR LES PRISONS TURQUES par le jeune gui<strong>de</strong> français qui y a séjourné 110 jours<br />
(L'Humanité 23.10.87).<br />
LA POLITIQUE DE LA TERRE BRULEE <strong>de</strong> Bagdad n'est pas venue à bout <strong>de</strong> la guerilla <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> (Le Mon<strong>de</strong><br />
23.10.87).<br />
"L'IRAN EST LE MEll..LEUR AMI D1SRAEL". Ces propos attribués à M. Rabin, Ministre <strong>de</strong> la Défense d'Israêl,<br />
ont été immédiatement démentis. Il s'agit, pourtant. d'une gaffe révélatrice (Le Figaro 30.10.87).<br />
DOSSIER SUR LA TORTURE EN TURQUIE. Nombreux témoignages <strong>de</strong> personnes qui ont été soumises, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
militants, mais aussi <strong>de</strong>s femmes, <strong>de</strong>s enfants ... (Amnesty International,9.87)<br />
300 ENFANTS ET ADOLESCENTS arrêtés à Suleymaniya. 29 auraient été exécutés (Amnesty International<br />
"Urgent Action" 16.9.87)<br />
LE GUIDE FRANCAIS SERA JUGE POUR "SEPARATISME" (Sydney Morning Herald 3.10.87).<br />
CONDAMNE A 36 ANS DE PRISON. Recep Marasli a été arrêté en 1978, puis en 1982 pour avoir publié <strong>de</strong>s<br />
livres sur la minorité <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>. Il a pris part à plusieurs grèves <strong>de</strong> la faim, dans la prison <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir. <strong>et</strong> son état <strong>de</strong><br />
santé est critique. (Amnesty International <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> 10.87).<br />
L'IRAK RASE LEURS VILLAGES. DEPORTE LES KURDES (The Washington Times 6.10.87).
2<br />
~--------,<br />
-.<br />
RAPf d'Italiens en Irak (Financial Times 13.10.87)<br />
ROME REFUSE DE NEGOCIER (Financial Times 15.10.87).<br />
APPEL D'OFFRES INTERNATIONAL pour la réhabilitation du Secteur Santé en Turquie (Financial Times<br />
28.10.87). .<br />
MALGRE LA GUERRE, l'économie irakienne se relève, gràce au pétrole (The Christian Science Monitor<br />
29.10.87).<br />
LE KURDISTAN, un pays occupé (Kölner Volksblatt 20.10.87).<br />
LES KURDES, UN PEUPLE OUBLIE<br />
(Mabuse oct.nov.87).<br />
TROIS TECHNICIENS IT ALlENS AUX MAINS DES KURDES. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt le r<strong>et</strong>rait <strong>de</strong>s navires<br />
italiens du golfe <strong>et</strong> lancent un ULTIMATUM: Cessez d'ai<strong>de</strong>r le régime <strong>de</strong> Bagdad. UN DES TECHNICIENS <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
un mois aux mains <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s. La CIA collabore avec Rome pour les recherches. (Nuova Unita 8.10.87, Paese sera,<br />
. Il Tempo, L'Unila, La Repubblica, La Stampa, Il Messaggero 13.10.87).<br />
LE GOUVERNEMENT INVITE AU SILENCE <strong>et</strong> cherche à dédramatiser l'affaire. Une organisation d'étudiants<br />
<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s en Europe affmne: "les rapts sont mauvais pour notre cause". LA QUESTION KURDE ET LE CONFLIT<br />
AVEC L'IRAN. L'Iraq <strong>de</strong> Saddam : 7 ans <strong>de</strong> guerre, un pouvoir absolu. (Il Manifesto 14.10.87).<br />
ILS SONT VIV ANTS ET BIEN PORTANTS, annoncent les Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui détiennent les techniciens italiens.<br />
BAGDAD : un missile terre-terre tombe sur une école. 29 enfants tués, 200 civils blessés. LE RECIT D'UN<br />
OTAGE ITALIEN en Irak, en 1984. (Avvenire 14.10.87).<br />
LE PALAIS FARNESE confIrme que <strong>de</strong>s négociations secrètes ont eu lieu avec <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Londres. Les trois<br />
otages se portent bien. TEHERAN rej<strong>et</strong>te toute responsabilité. La présence militaire italienne dans le golfe constitue<br />
un soutien à la politique américaine dans la région. N'ACCUSONS PAS TOUS LES KURDES. (Il Giomale<br />
14.10.87).<br />
NOUS N'AVONS RECU AUCUN MESSAGE <strong>de</strong>s ravisseurs <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, affmne le sous-secrétaire aux Affaires<br />
Etrangères (La Stampa 15.10.87).<br />
VOICI NOS CONDITIONS. Interview du chef <strong>de</strong> l'Union Patriotique, à Londres. Pour le premier otage, <strong>de</strong>s masques<br />
à gaz. Pour les autres, le r<strong>et</strong>rait <strong>de</strong> la flotte italienne. LE GOUVERNEMENT NE SAIT PAS ENCORE<br />
EXACTEMENT AVEC QUI NEGOCIER. UN TECHNICIEN IT ALlEN RACONTE: Comment j'ai vécu parmi les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s. LES CHASSEURS DE MINE ITALIENS ont commencé leur travail dans le Golfe. (paese Sera 15.10.87).<br />
APRES AVOIR CACHE L'ENLEVE MENT DES TROIS TECHNICIENS. Goria <strong>et</strong> Andreotti envoient <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
sous-secrétaires répondre aux interrogations <strong>de</strong>s parlementaires. LA GUERRE DU GOLFE: une pluie <strong>de</strong> bombes sur<br />
<strong>de</strong>s villages <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s. Onze morts. OFFENSIVE IRAKIENNE CONTRE LES KURDES. Les otages sont en danger.<br />
(II Manifesto 15.10.87).<br />
DEUX GROUPES DIFFERENTS détiennent les otages. Ceux-ci sont ensemble cependant. afflnDe le représentant à<br />
Londres <strong>de</strong> l'Union Patriotique (paese Sera 16.10.87).<br />
INTERVIEW DE BARZAN!: "Nous vous avions avertis". (Corriere <strong>de</strong>lla Serra 16.10.87).<br />
LES OTAGES VONT BIEN. En aucun cas, nous ne leur ferons <strong>de</strong> mal. (La Repubblica 16.10.87).<br />
LES ENNUIS DE MOSCOU. Selon l'''Etoile Rouge", l'URSS se sent mal à l'aise face à la mo<strong>de</strong>rnisation <strong>de</strong> l'armée<br />
turque. L'AEROPORT MILITAIRE DE MUS mis à la disposition <strong>de</strong> l'OTAN entrera en service en 1990. (Milliy<strong>et</strong><br />
2.10.87).<br />
CE SONT DES TRAFIQUANTS QUI ENVOIENT DES DEMANDEURS D'ASILE KURDES en RFA : sur les<br />
31000 <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>s, 5 ont abouti. (Tercüman 1.10.87).
.- .. 3<br />
GUET-APENS tendu par le PKK aux militaires à Tunceli (Milliy<strong>et</strong> 1.10.87).<br />
AHMET TURK, candidat à la députation, accusé d'avoir aidé le PKK, déclare qu'il est certain d'être élu à l'Assemblée<br />
nationale (Hürriy<strong>et</strong> 2.10.87).<br />
NOMBREUSES OPERATIONS DU PKK, à Mardin, SUrt, Igdir, Diyarbakir. 25 membres du PKK aI1'!tés à<br />
Diyarbakir. (Milliy<strong>et</strong>, Hürriy<strong>et</strong> 3,5,9.10.87).<br />
QUElLE CHANTEUSE SERT DE COURRIER AU PKK? L'ARMEE SE MET EN ETAT D'ALARME, pour<br />
affronter les actions du PKK c<strong>et</strong> hiver. (TercUman 5.10.87).<br />
EFFORT D'UNIFICATION <strong>de</strong>s partis <strong>de</strong> gauche interdits en Turquie (Milliy<strong>et</strong> 9.10.87).<br />
LES PROTECI'EURS DE VILLAGE ont stoppé une action du PKK à BingöI. 20 MEMBRES DU PKK arrêtés à<br />
Mardin <strong>et</strong> au Mont Ararat L'IRAN ARME LES SEPARATISTES: quel ami est-ce là? (TercUman, Milliy<strong>et</strong>,<br />
Hürri<strong>et</strong> 10 <strong>et</strong> 12.10.87).<br />
GENOCIDE DE TURCS à Kirkouk. 50 <strong>de</strong> nos frères <strong>de</strong> sang fusiUés par le régime <strong>de</strong> Bagdad (TercUman 10.10.87).<br />
LE SANG A COULE A NOUVEAU. Le PKK a tué 13 peI'SOMes à Simak. UN BILAN SANGLANT: 86 morts en<br />
84 jours. (Milliy<strong>et</strong> 12 <strong>et</strong> 13.10.87).<br />
4 HORS LA LOI TUES à Bingöl (TercUman 14.10.87).<br />
LE PKK A DONNE L'ORDRE A SES MILITANTS D'ATTAQUER LES OBJECTIFS ECONOMIQUES (<br />
Milliy<strong>et</strong> 14.10.87).<br />
3000 TURCS FUYANT LE REGIME SANGLANT DE L'IRAK sont dans une attente interminable en Iran<br />
(Tercüman 14.10.87).<br />
RAPPORT D'AUTOPSIE: l'instituteur Siddik Bilgin est mort sous la torture. ACTION DU PKK à Simak : 2<br />
morts, 8 enlèvements (Mil1iy<strong>et</strong> 14 <strong>et</strong> 15.10.87).<br />
LA VERITE AMBRE SUR LE MASSACRE DE COBANDERE. Les fusils <strong>de</strong> chasse face aux kalachnikovs<br />
(Tercüman 14.10.87).<br />
UN PROTECI'EUR DE VILLAGE transformé en héros. Après avoir tué 3 terroristes, il <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> la protection <strong>de</strong> la<br />
police. LA VISITE DU MINISTRE DE L'INTERIEUR à l'est: il lance un sévère avertissement aux fonctionnaires<br />
qui ne combattent pas suffisamment les séparatistes. LE PKK ATTAQUE UN VILLAGE : un protecteur tué.<br />
(Hürriy<strong>et</strong>, Milliy<strong>et</strong> 15 <strong>et</strong> 16.10.87).<br />
DOUCHE FROIDE à Ankara, suite aux déclarations du Pdt <strong>de</strong> la République <strong>de</strong> RFA <strong>de</strong>mandant la garantie <strong>de</strong>s droits<br />
<strong>de</strong>s minorités. LE POLICIER ACCUSE D'AVOIR TORTURE A MORT l'instituteur Sidik Bilgin est recherché<br />
pour viol (Milliy<strong>et</strong> 16.10.87).<br />
LES EXILES DE LA PEUR : les tribus <strong>de</strong> Simak <strong>et</strong> Ulu<strong>de</strong>re quittent leur village. SOUTIEN DE L'EUROPE au<br />
gui<strong>de</strong> français accusé <strong>de</strong> propagan<strong>de</strong> <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>et</strong> arménienne arrêté en Turquie. LA "GAFFE DIPLOMATIQUE" du Pdt<br />
<strong>de</strong> la République <strong>de</strong> RFA est discutée à Ankara (Milliy<strong>et</strong>, Hürriy<strong>et</strong>, TercUman 17.10.87).<br />
318 MAIRES DE VILLAGE en séminaire avec le préf<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> BingöI. ATTAQUE du PKK à Diele. Un maire <strong>de</strong> village<br />
tué. LA FRONTIERE TURCO-SYRIENNE sera désormais éclairée. SABOT AGE du PKK sur l'oléoduc<br />
turco-irakien. UN CAMP DE CRIMINELS à notre porte : le PKK se trouve à 20 km. <strong>de</strong> la frontière. (TercUman,<br />
Hürriy<strong>et</strong>, Mil1iy<strong>et</strong> 17 <strong>et</strong> 19.10.87).<br />
PANIQUE AU PKK. Un militant ayant quitté le parti est menacé <strong>de</strong> mOrL (TercUman 19.10.87).<br />
IN1ERVIEW DU GUIDE FRANCAIS libéré après 5 mois <strong>de</strong> prison en Turquie (Hürriy<strong>et</strong> 21.10.87).<br />
L'EX-DEPUTE NURETTIN YILMAZ n'ayant pas été investi par le SHP se présente sous l'étiqu<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong> l'ANAP.
4<br />
(Hürriy<strong>et</strong> 19.10.87).<br />
5 MILLIONS DE LIRES EN PRIME à un père <strong>et</strong> son fils pour avoir tué 4 hors la loi. 3 SEPARATISTES<br />
ARRETES A MUS. UN POLICIER PENDU PAR LES SEPARATISTES. (Tercüman, Hürrieyt 24 <strong>et</strong> 29.10.87).<br />
LES SEPARATISTES S'ENTRE-DECHIRENT en RFA, aux Pays-Bas, en France <strong>et</strong> en Grèce (Tercilman 29.10.87)<br />
L'ASSASSINAT DE HAMBOURG est l'oeuvre du PKK, affIrme un membre du CDU. L'ANCIEN MINISTRE <strong>et</strong><br />
candidat à la députation du SHP à Diyarbakir, M. Isken<strong>de</strong>roglu, déclare qu'il abor<strong>de</strong>ra la question <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> à l'Assemblée<br />
Nationale. (Tercüman, Milliy<strong>et</strong> 29 <strong>et</strong> 30.10.87).<br />
LA PENDAISON EST REQUISE POUR 5 MILITANTS DU PKK à Diyarbakir. UN TERRORISTE tué à Midyat.<br />
LA MAFIA ET LE PKK règlent leurs comptes.<br />
(Milliy<strong>et</strong>, Tercilman 30.10.87).<br />
UNE INTERVIEW DU PRESIDENT DE L'ASSEMBLEE NATIONALE, Kinyas Kartal, d'origine <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>:<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s, dit-il, aiment beaucoup les Turcs". (Hürriy<strong>et</strong> 5.10.87).<br />
"Les<br />
LE PRESIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE ALLEMAND, qui avait reçu le prix international <strong>de</strong> la paix,<br />
Atatürk, en est-il digne après ses déclarations malencontreuses? (Yeni Gün<strong>de</strong>m 18.10.87).<br />
dédié à<br />
ENFIN LIBRE! Le gouvernement entend lever l'interdiction frappant les fIlms <strong>de</strong> Yilmaz Güney. LES SINISTRES<br />
DU TREMBLEMENT DE TERRE DE VARTO atten<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong>puis 21 ans la reconstruction <strong>de</strong> leur maison. UNE<br />
INTERVIEW du cinéaste Clau<strong>de</strong> Weisz qui a tourné le film sur la vie <strong>de</strong> Güney. ON PEUT SAUVER<br />
HASANKEYF, site historique millénaire à Diyarbakir. (Nokta 4 <strong>et</strong> 11.10.87).<br />
DES ITALIENS PRIS EN OTAGE. (Wiener Zeitung 15.10.87).<br />
AVEC DES IRANIENS EN GUERRE L'IRAK. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s en marche. (Wiener Zeitung 16.10.87).<br />
SALE GUERRE AU KURDISTAN. Bombes au phosphore contre les villages <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s. (Frankfurter Allgemeine<br />
Zeitung 26.10.87).<br />
WEIZACKER m<strong>et</strong> en gar<strong>de</strong> la Turquie contre le danger <strong>de</strong> l'intolérance. En visite en Turquie pour recevoir le prix<br />
Ataturk <strong>de</strong> la Paix, le prési<strong>de</strong>nt invite la Turquie à respecter les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme <strong>et</strong> les droits <strong>de</strong> la minorité <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>.<br />
(Der TagesspiegeI15.10.87). .
, ,<br />
5<br />
LA REVUE DE PRESSE EN BREF - NOVEMBRE 1987<br />
PARUI10N du livre <strong>de</strong> Zuhdi Al-Dahoodi "Die Kur<strong>de</strong>n" (Umschau 10.87).<br />
CONDAMNATION A 36 ANS DE PRISON confurn6e en appel pour 1'6crivain <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> Recep Marasli. Il est<br />
condamn6 pour activit6s s6paratistes, <strong>et</strong> aussi pour la d6fense qu'il a pr6sent6e <strong>de</strong>vant le tribunal (Ouest-France<br />
24.10.87).<br />
LES LOCAUX DE L'AGENCE DE PRESSE OUEST-ALLEMANDE DPA, PUIS CEUX DE LA CHAINE DE<br />
TELE ZDF OCCUPES par <strong>de</strong>s militants du Front <strong>de</strong> Lib6ration Nationale du Kurdistan, protestant contre la saisie <strong>de</strong><br />
700000 marks aux domiciles <strong>de</strong> plusieurs nationalistes <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, lors <strong>de</strong> perquisitions. (Libération 4.11.87 t AFP<br />
5.11.87).<br />
LE PROCUREUR DEMANDE L'ACQUITTEMENT du gui<strong>de</strong> français, les témoignages contradictoires <strong>de</strong><br />
l'accompagnateur turc ne constituant pas <strong>de</strong>s preuves. (AFP 3.11.87, Le Courrier <strong>de</strong> l'Ouest 5.11.87) .<br />
•<br />
MEDECIN DU MONDE, Patrick Faure a passé un mois chez les Kur<strong>de</strong>s iraniens (Le Midi Libre 4.11.87).<br />
LETTRE OUVERTE AU PRESIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE "Je ne veux plus que mes impôts servent à<br />
massacrer les enfants <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s. Je <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> que le gouvernement français cesse toute ai<strong>de</strong> militaire <strong>et</strong> financière au<br />
gouvernement irakien". C'est signé P. Leclercq,1ecteur du Courrier <strong>de</strong> l'Action <strong>de</strong>s Chrétiens contre la Torture, suite<br />
à une information sur les bombar<strong>de</strong>ments chimiques <strong>de</strong> villages <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s par 11rak. (Réforme 14.11.87).<br />
APPEL DE 5 ORGANISA nONS KURDES CONTRE L'IRAK, au somm<strong>et</strong> d'Amman, afin qu'il intervienne en<br />
faveur du peuple <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> exposé à <strong>de</strong>s massacres, opérations <strong>de</strong> déplacement <strong>de</strong> population <strong>et</strong> au génoci<strong>de</strong>". PLUS DE<br />
2000 SOLDATS IRAKIENS tués au Kurdistan irakien, selon Téhéran. 25 KURDES EXECUTES par l'armée<br />
irakienne, selon l'UPK. (AFP 7 <strong>et</strong> 21.11.87).<br />
GUERRE IRAN-IRAK: Offensives dans le Kurdistan irakien (dans la région <strong>de</strong> Haj Omran) <strong>et</strong> campagne <strong>de</strong><br />
mobilisation en Iran. Il Y aurait eu 1000 tués <strong>et</strong> blessés dans les rangs <strong>de</strong>s forces armées <strong>de</strong> Téhéran, affirment les<br />
Moudjahiddines du peuple. MOBILISAnON DES ETUDIANTS IRANIENS inscrits à l'Université antérieurement à<br />
1984, qui doivent rejoindre, pendant 6 mois, les unités combattantes. L'UPK ACCUSE LES IRAKIENS D'AVOIR<br />
exécuté plus <strong>de</strong> 200 Kur<strong>de</strong>s. SELON BAGDAD, les forces irakiennes exercent une domination<br />
au nord-est <strong>de</strong> 11rak. (A.F.P.23 <strong>et</strong> 24.11.87).<br />
•<br />
totale dans les régions<br />
TURGUT OZAL bien parti pour remporter les élections législatives. Il affurne sa conviction <strong>de</strong> voir la Turquie, d'ici<br />
1992, répondre aux critères démocratiques <strong>de</strong> l'Europe dans la plupart <strong>de</strong>s domaines. LA PRESSE TURQUE<br />
RETROUVE PEU A PEU SA LIBERTE ... mais critiquer les militaires ou évoquer la résistance <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> restent<br />
tabous. (Libération 26.11.87).<br />
ELECIlONS LEGISLA nVES DU 29.11 : la Turquie entre <strong>de</strong>ux siècles (Le Mon<strong>de</strong> 28.11.87).<br />
BARZANI ET T ALABANI, selon l'agence <strong>de</strong> presse iranienne !RNA, appellent au soulèvement contre l'Irak (AFP<br />
27.11.87).<br />
ARRESTATIONS ARBITRAIRES en Turquie <strong>de</strong> 2 dirigeants <strong>de</strong> partis <strong>de</strong> gauche. Le Parlement Européen adopte<br />
une résolution <strong>de</strong>mandant leur libération immédiate (Parlement Européen nov.87).<br />
LE LONG CHEMIN VERS LA DEMOCRATIE. Les élections en Turquie ont valeur <strong>de</strong> test. L'adhésion à la<br />
communauté européenne: un grand <strong>de</strong>ssein, qui concerne <strong>de</strong> larges secteurs <strong>de</strong> la société turque. RESURGENCE DU<br />
MONDE OUVRIER, après l'écrasement du syndicalisme turc, au len<strong>de</strong>main du coup d'état <strong>de</strong> 1980. UN PRECIEUX<br />
AVANT-POSTE DE L'OTAN: la Turquie possè<strong>de</strong> l'armée la plus forte <strong>de</strong> l'OTAN en Europe, 800 000 hommes.<br />
VIGOUREUSE POUSSEE DU COURANT ISLAMISTE. Les attaques se développent contre les principes laïcs,<br />
piliers <strong>de</strong> l'Etat républicain turc. LES ASSYRO-CHALDENS : une minorité oubliée. LE LOURD CONTENTIEUX<br />
AVEC LA GRECE. KURDIST AN, un conflit qui dure. (Le Mon<strong>de</strong> Diplomatique nov.87).
•<br />
6<br />
L'IRAK ADMET A VOIR DEPLACE DE FORCE LES KURDES, après avoir démoli leurs maisons (Sydney<br />
Morning Herald 7.11.87).<br />
DEPUIS LE COUP D'ETAT DE 1980, LA TORTURE N'A PAS CESSE EN TURQUIE. Un dossier d'Amnesty<br />
International. Dans la région du sud-est, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s en font les frais. (<strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> d'Amnesty International, nov.1987).<br />
KURDISTAN ... un reportage (Heer 15.11.87).<br />
LES KURDES, en lutte <strong>de</strong>puis que le traité <strong>de</strong> Lausanne avait reconnu leur droit à un Etat indépendant (De SchnUss<br />
nov.87).<br />
LES KURDES ENFERMES DANS UNE NOUVELLE GUERRE où ils sont vaincus d'avance 7 (World Report<br />
9.11.87).<br />
UNE RACE DE SEIGNEURS DE LA GUERRE: les Kur<strong>de</strong>s (Ahurka nov.87).<br />
7 TERRORISTES TUES A SIRNAK lors d'une opération militaire. DES GRENADES POUR LES<br />
PROTECfEURS. (Tercüman, Hürriy<strong>et</strong> 4.11.87).<br />
~<br />
LA VERITE DERRIERE L'ASSASSINAT DE HAMBOURG: le PKK veut effrayer la gauche turque. APO avoue:<br />
une vie ne suffIrait pas pour liqui<strong>de</strong>r l'Etat turc. (Hürriy<strong>et</strong>, Tercüman 5.11.87).<br />
LES CANDIDATS A LA DEPUTATION QUI N'ONT PAS RECU L'INVESTITURE DU SHP accusent le Parti<br />
d'être à la sol<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s séparatistes <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s. UNE FAMILLE ENTIERE membre d'une organisation clan<strong>de</strong>stine arrêtée à<br />
Mersin. LE PKK A REUSSI A SE BRANCHER sur les fréquences <strong>de</strong> la police <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la gendarmerie. DECISION<br />
DU PKK : Priorité à l'action dans les villes. (Milliy<strong>et</strong>, Hürriy<strong>et</strong> 5 <strong>et</strong> 6.11.87).<br />
CANDIDAT A LA DEPUTATION DU SHP, AHMET TURK déclare que la mise en place <strong>de</strong>s protecteurs <strong>de</strong> village<br />
divise la population. DIFFERENTES ACTIONS DU PKK à Gaziantep <strong>et</strong> à Nusaybin. (Mi1liy<strong>et</strong>, Tercüman,<br />
Hurriy<strong>et</strong> 6,7,9.11.87).<br />
DERNIER APPEL LANCE AU PKK pour qu'il se livre aux autorités (Tercüman 9.11.87).<br />
EVREN ET ECEVIT sont plus tendres que les généraux à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s, selon les rapports secr<strong>et</strong>s établis par<br />
l'Ambassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis (Söz 9.11.87).<br />
LE PKK EST ISOLE en Europe (Milliy<strong>et</strong>, 10.11.87).<br />
LA QUESTION KURDE A LA TELEVISION ALLEMANDE: Les protecteurs <strong>de</strong> village "Nous n'avons pas peur<br />
du PKK". 27 MEMBRES DU PKK ARRETES à Hakkari. LE PKK A BRULE UNE ECOLE <strong>et</strong> enlevé l'instituteur.<br />
(Tercüman, Milliy<strong>et</strong> 10 <strong>et</strong> 12.11.87).<br />
LE PROJET ECONOMIQUE GAP A DONNE LIEU A DES MALVERSATIONS (Mil1iy<strong>et</strong> 14.11.87).<br />
UNE INTERVIEW D'AHMET TURK, candidat à la députation, actuellement emprisonné à Mardin. Il déclare que<br />
l'accusation <strong>de</strong> séparatisme est anachronique. (Milliy<strong>et</strong> 17,18.11.87).<br />
15 JOURS D'ENTRAINEMENT MILITAIRE obligatoire pour les protecteurs <strong>de</strong> village. UN SOLDAT SAUTE<br />
SUR UNE MINE POSEE PAR LE PKK. DES HELICOPTERES seront utilisés contre les combattants du PKK<br />
(Milliy<strong>et</strong> 19 <strong>et</strong> 20.11.87).<br />
LIBERATION D'AHMET TURK, contre lequel 15 années d'emprisonnement avaient été requises. LE PKK<br />
ATTAQUE maintenant les écoles <strong>et</strong> menace les instituteurs. (Milliy<strong>et</strong> 21.11.87).<br />
LE REALISATEUR DE VOL passible <strong>de</strong> 15 ans d'emprisonnement. (Söz 21.11.87).<br />
"LA VOIX DES KURDES AUX ETATS-UNIS" : la question <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> est discutée à l'<strong>Institut</strong> <strong>de</strong> Recherche du<br />
Moyen-Orient, à Washington. (Söz 21.11.87).
t<br />
•<br />
7<br />
UNE SEULE SAGE-FEMME POUR 92 VILLAGES (TercUman 21.11.87).<br />
LE PlOC ACCUSE <strong>de</strong> trattrise les lea<strong>de</strong>rs du Parti communiste <strong>de</strong> Turquie, qui sont rentr6s en Turquio. 31<br />
MEMBRES DU PKK 81'1'!t6sà Diyarb8kir (MilUyot 21.11.87).<br />
ACCUSATION MENSONGERE DE LA RADIO BULGARE: "La mlÙoriI6 <strong>de</strong>s races vivant dans l'empire ottoman<br />
ont 616 massacr6es par les Turcs". UNE SUPER PRIME à ceux qui d6nonceront les crimes du PlOC <strong>et</strong> l'assassin<br />
d'Olof Palme. CANDIDAT DU DYP A LA DEPUTATION, Elgin proposerait le droit d'avoir <strong>de</strong>s 6missions en<br />
langue <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> à la tél6vision s'i16tait 61u (TercUman 23, 26.11.87).<br />
L'ARMEE EN ETAT D'ALERTE pour faire face aux actions du PKK (HUrriy<strong>et</strong> 28.11.87).<br />
L'OBJECI1F D'UNE ORGANISATION KURDE, TSK, est <strong>de</strong> réaliser <strong>de</strong>s actions armées contre la Turquie. LE<br />
SCENARIO D'OCCUPATION MILITAIRE <strong>de</strong> Kirkouk fait <strong>de</strong> nouveau surface. LE REPRESENTANT DES<br />
TURCS en Ira1c "Nos frères <strong>de</strong> race ne doivent pas être sacrifiés polD' les intérêts pétroUers <strong>de</strong> Turquie" (Yeni GUn<strong>de</strong>m<br />
1.11.87).<br />
SELON UN DEPUTE DU SHP, AYDIN GURKAN, qui a divulgué <strong>de</strong>s documents, dont l'authenticité a été<br />
confmnée par un commandant d'une unit6 <strong>de</strong> l'armée tlD'que, ordre a été donné aux militaires d'arrêter <strong>et</strong> d'exécuter sur<br />
place les militants membres d'organisations séparatistes, sans autre forme <strong>de</strong> procès. (2000'e Dogru 15.11.87).<br />
L'AVENTURE MALENCONTREUSE D'UN JOURNALISTE <strong>de</strong> la revue NOKTA, venu interviewer en Iran<br />
Masoud Barzani <strong>et</strong> Jelal Talabani : ila passé Il jours en prison (2000'e Dogru 29.11.87).<br />
LA DESTRUCTION DES KURDES D'IRAK. (The Wall Stre<strong>et</strong> Journall0.8.87).<br />
LES KURDES D'IRAK LUTTENT POUR LEUR SURVIE (The New York Times 5.10.87).<br />
LA TURQUIE COMMET UN GENOCIDE CONTRE LES KURDES (The California Courier 29.10.87).<br />
ILS SONT 17 MILLIONS, DISPERSES DANS 5 ETATS ...(L'Est Républicain 26.11.87).
f<br />
LA REVUE DE PRESSE EN BREF • DECEMBRE 1987<br />
DIYARBAKIR, capitale du Kurdistan, sous la loi <strong>de</strong> l'oppression (L'Humanité 1.12.87).<br />
DES OPERATIONS DE GUERILLA KURDE en Irak, selon <strong>de</strong>s sources iraniennes. Le PUK aurait infligé <strong>de</strong>s<br />
revers importants à l'année irakienne (BBC Summary ofWorld Broadcasts 3.12.87).<br />
PRES DE 3 MILLIONS D'IRANIENS REFUGIES EN TURQUIE (Le Matin 8.12.87).<br />
LE PROBLEME KURDE, <strong>et</strong> les relatiQns g~ Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> d'J:stëœl(The Middle East 10.12.87).<br />
LES DROITS DE L'HOMME NE SONT TOUJOURS PAS RESPECTES EN TURQUIE, affirme l'organisation<br />
"Helsinki Watch" (New York Times 10,12.87).<br />
RETOMBEES DU CONFLIT DU GOLFE : L'économi~ iranienne au bout du rouleau (Le Mon<strong>de</strong> 11.12.87).<br />
Economie <strong>de</strong> guerre à Bagdad (Le Mon<strong>de</strong> 13.12.87).<br />
LES CONDITIONS DE VIE DES REFUGIES IRANIENS (F.I.D.H. 15.12,87).<br />
EXPULSION d'un Kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie arrêté en Eure <strong>et</strong> Loir, à qui l'asile politique a été refusé. Il risquc la peine <strong>de</strong><br />
mort. (L'Echo Républicain <strong>de</strong> la Beauce <strong>et</strong> du Perche 17,12,87).<br />
GREVE DE LA FAIM <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux réfugiés politiques <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, à Dreux, en protestation contre les mesures du<br />
gouvernement français (La République du Centre 17.12.87).<br />
LA RAFLE DES OPPOSANTS IRANIENS, ou comment on j<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>s "indésirables", pour faire plaisir au régime d~<br />
Téhéran (L'Evènement du Jeudi 17.12.87).<br />
8<br />
LA CRISE KURDE,<br />
en Turquie, ne s'arrêtera pas (The Globe and MaiI21.12.87).<br />
LE KURDISTAN PRIS AU PIEGE <strong>de</strong> la violence <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la contre-violence: le bain <strong>de</strong> sang <strong>de</strong> Pinarcik, le système<br />
<strong>de</strong>s milices, les déportations en masse (<strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong> CEDRI 21.12.87).<br />
LE PARTI SOCIALISTE FRANCAIS conteste les mesures d'expulsion d'Iraniens <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s (La Nouvelle<br />
République du Centre Ouest 21.12.87).<br />
LA SOLUTION DE BAGDAD pour le nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak: opérations périodiques <strong>et</strong> déportations (Frankfurter Al1gcmein~<br />
Zeitung 22.12.87).<br />
VOILA LES KURDES! (Hoolam Hazeh 23.12.87).<br />
UN CHOMEUR KURDE, réfugié politique en France, ne peut faire venir son fils, faulc <strong>de</strong> Lravail (OUc')l-llance<br />
24.12.87).<br />
FRANCE-TURQUIE: la coopération en bonne voie, suite à l'accord pour l'équipement en gaz d'Istanbul (Le Figaro<br />
28.12.87).<br />
HUSEYIN KLINC, le Kur<strong>de</strong> expulsé <strong>de</strong> France après qu'on lui ait refusé l'asile politique, a passé 7 jours dans une<br />
chambre <strong>de</strong> torture, à son arrivée à Istanbul, affirment ses camara<strong>de</strong>s (L'Echo Républicain <strong>de</strong> la Beauce <strong>et</strong> du Perche<br />
29.12.87).<br />
GREVE DE LA FAIM, en l'église St Merri, à <strong>Paris</strong>, <strong>de</strong> sympathisants <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, pour protester contre l'expulsion au<br />
Gabon <strong>de</strong> 3 <strong>de</strong>s leurs. LE CONSULAT DE FRANCE à Zurich brèvement occupé, par 21 Kur<strong>de</strong>s qui entendaient<br />
protester contre la situation au Kurdistan. LES TROIS lURCS D'ORIGINE K~E expulsés au Gabon n'ont rien<br />
à voir avec l'Iran, selon le représentant du Front <strong>de</strong> Libération Nationale du Kurdistan. SEPT MORTS AU COURS<br />
D'UN ACCROCHAGE entre l'armée turque <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s rebelles <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s. MANIFESTATION DE KURDES DEVAN1'<br />
L'AMBASSADE DE FRANCE A LA HAYE. DEUX AGHAS KURDES ELUS A L'ASSEMBLEE NATIONALE<br />
D'ANKARA. Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk <strong>et</strong> Nur<strong>et</strong>tin Yilmaz affmnent, l'un <strong>et</strong> l'autre, vouloir défendre les droits démocratiques <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s.20 KURDES MENENT UNE GREVE DE LA FAIM <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux jours à Athènes, <strong>de</strong>vant l'Ambassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> France
, • 9<br />
, pour proteIta' contre les 3 expulsions au Gabon (AFP 1012.87).<br />
PLUSIEURS FILMS DE Yn.MAZ GUNBY pr6scnt6s au Festival <strong>de</strong>s 3 Continents, consacr6 à un panorama du<br />
cin6ma turC. (Presse-oc6an 30.12.87).<br />
FETE AU PALAIS KASR I KANCO, à l'occasion <strong>de</strong> la lib6ration <strong>de</strong> Ahm<strong>et</strong> TUrk, 61u d6put6 du Parti Social<br />
Populiste (SHP) à Diyarbakir (Mi1liy<strong>et</strong> 3.12.87).<br />
LE PKK A ENLEVE encore 30 enfants à Silopi <strong>et</strong> Midyat (TercUman 2.12.87).<br />
DANS DES REGIONS SENSIBLES, <strong>de</strong>s h6lico~res Puma lou6s à la France sont utilis6s contre le PKK (Milliy<strong>et</strong><br />
3.12.87).<br />
LES METHODES DU PKK sont désormais connues, après le succès d'une série d'opérations <strong>de</strong> police (SOz<br />
6.12.87).<br />
DES ARMES POUR TOUT LE MONDE: le gouvernement arme la population au Kurdistan, contre le PKK. Un<br />
gardien <strong>de</strong> la paix tué par la guerilla. (HUrriy<strong>et</strong> 6.12.87).<br />
MANQUE D'INSTITIJTEURS : si le chef d'Etat-Major le perm<strong>et</strong>, l'Education Nationale pourra utiliser <strong>de</strong>s soldats<br />
pour combler le manque (TercUman 6.12.87).<br />
1200 Vll.LAGES COUPES DU MONDE en Anatolie orientale, à cause <strong>de</strong>s chutes <strong>de</strong> neige (HUrriy<strong>et</strong> 7.12.87).<br />
UNE SERIE DE LOIS en RFA, concernant l'activit6 <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s, <strong>de</strong>s intégristes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>urs d'asile originaires<br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie. 7 TERRORISTES SEPARATISTES tués à Derik. Les opérations continuent. (TercUman 7 <strong>et</strong> 8.12.87,<br />
Milliy<strong>et</strong> 8.12.87).<br />
AVERTISSEMENT A L'IRAN pour son soutien au PKK (MiIliy<strong>et</strong> 10.12.87).<br />
MEMBRES DU PKK EXILES EN AFRIQUE par le Ministre français <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur (SOz 12.12.87).<br />
56 TURCS PUY ANT les persécutions du gouvernement irakien se sont réfugiés chez le PDK irakien <strong>de</strong> Barzani<br />
(TercUman 10.12.87).<br />
OCCUPATION DE L'AMBASSADE DE FRANCE AUX PAYS-BAS parles Kur<strong>de</strong>s (12.12.87).<br />
DES SOLDATS INSTITUTEURS: la proposition est examinée par le Premier Ministre (Milliy<strong>et</strong> 19.12.87).<br />
AUGMENTATION DE SALAIRE ET SECURITE SOCIALE pour les Protecteurs <strong>de</strong> villages au Kurdistan turc<br />
(HUrriy<strong>et</strong> 12.12.87).<br />
UN MEMBRE DU PKK <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> la protection <strong>de</strong> la police turque (TercUman 21.12.87).<br />
12 Mll.ITANTS DE T H K P-C (organisation révolutionnaire turque), dont une femme, ont été arrêtés à Hatay. Ils<br />
auraient attaqué plusieurs bureaux du Parti gouvernemental ANAP (TercUman, Milliy<strong>et</strong> 23.12.87).<br />
MENACE: vous avez le choix, <strong>de</strong>venir "protecteur <strong>de</strong> village", ou quitter le village. DES VILLAGEOIS<br />
ACCUSES D'APPARTENANCE AU PKK affirment avoir été torturés à Diyarbakir. (Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong> 25.12.87,<br />
Tercüman 26.12.87).<br />
SARI AVNI, célèbre trafiquant d'armes, travaillerait pour le compte du PKK <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'ASALA (Milliy<strong>et</strong> 23.12.87).<br />
AU COURS DE LEUR PROCES, <strong>de</strong>s membres du PKK déchirent leurs vêtements, pour protester contre le port<br />
obligatoire <strong>de</strong> l'uniforme en prison (Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong> 24.12.87).<br />
L'HUMORISTE AZIZ NESIN ET LE DIRECTEUR DE LA REVUE 2000'E OOGRU, PERINCEK, jugés par le
tribunal militaire à Istanbul pour avoir affmné les droits culturels <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s (TercUman 26.12.87).<br />
LA VAGUE DE FROID à l'est ( - 30°) paralyse la vie dans plusieurs villes (TercUman 29.12.87).<br />
RELAXE pour 17 personnes accusées d'appartenance à un parti clan<strong>de</strong>stin(Hürriy<strong>et</strong> 30.12.87).<br />
UN GUIDE FRANCAIS ARRETE EN TURQUIE, sur dénonciation <strong>de</strong> son collègue turc, pour avoir parlé <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Arméniens (50 Millions <strong>de</strong> Consommateurs 12.87).<br />
UN RAPPORT D'ETAT SUR LES TRIBUS KURDES <strong>de</strong> Turquie, concernant plus <strong>de</strong> 2 millions <strong>de</strong> personnes<br />
vivant dans 23 villes <strong>de</strong> l'est <strong>et</strong> du sud-est. Elles sont classées en 4 catégories, suivant leur "loyalisme" à l'égard du<br />
gouvernement Top secr<strong>et</strong> Les autorités <strong>de</strong> la République encouragent les divisions entre tribus, pour consoli<strong>de</strong>r leur<br />
puissance. EXTRAIT DES MEMOIRES <strong>de</strong> Nasit Hakki, journaliste ayant couvert la révolte <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>de</strong> Sheikh Saïd,<br />
en 1925. SELON L'ECRIVAIN BILAL AKSOY, le rapport sur les tribus comporte <strong>de</strong> multiples erreurs. (2000'e<br />
Dogru 13.12.87).<br />
10<br />
LE TRIBUNAL MILITAIRE FAIT SAISIR 2000'e DOGRU, après la publication du rapport secr<strong>et</strong> sur les tribus.<br />
PLUSIEURS PERSONNALITES PROTESTENT contre la saisie <strong>de</strong> la revue. ISMAIL BESIKCI : "Il existe <strong>de</strong><br />
gran<strong>de</strong>s inégalités en Turquie en ce qui concerne l'exercice du droit <strong>de</strong> citoyenn<strong>et</strong>é. Certains ont le droit <strong>de</strong> parler <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s, d'autres sont condamnés pour avoir prononcé leur nom". LA PASSION DE LA VERITE: c'est elle qui a<br />
poussé à publier ce rapport que le gouvernement voulait gar<strong>de</strong>r secr<strong>et</strong> (2000'e Dogru 20.12.87).<br />
UNE INTERVIEW DE JELAL TALABANI. Il déclare notamment que les Etats-Unis recherchent la sympathie <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s. A HAKKARI, LES TRIBUS SONT CONTRE LE PKK. (Nokta 6.12.87).<br />
LE METIER DE PROTECTEUR DE VILLAGE est <strong>de</strong>venu un cauchemar. Plusieurs villageois ont dû quitter leur<br />
village pour avoir refusé ce métier. LA TORTURE CONTINUE. La Turquie n'a pas signé la convention européenne<br />
contre la torture. Les tortionnaires ont été libérés. L'ECRIVAIN ANGLAIS, CLARA FRANCIS, se fait<br />
emprisonner volontairement, afin diobtenir la libération <strong>de</strong> l'écrivain <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> Recep Marasli, cité comme le "prisonnier<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'année" par Amnesty Iniernati9nal en 1986. LES BASES MILITAIRES EN TURQUIE font l'obj<strong>et</strong> d'un rapport<br />
<strong>de</strong>stiné au Congrès 'américàin. UN ENTREPRENEUR TURC <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> la réduction <strong>de</strong>s dépenses militaires. (Yeni<br />
Gün<strong>de</strong>m 29.11.87) .. '<br />
LE SUCCES AUX ELECTIONS DU PARTI RELIGIEUX, à Diyarbakir. (Yeni Gün<strong>de</strong>m 13.12.87).<br />
UNE DECLARATION DU LEADER DU PDK, MASOUD BARZANI, au journal Keyhan: "Depuis le début <strong>de</strong><br />
l'année, nous avons fait prisonniers 1527 militaires irakiens, nous en avons tué 3424 <strong>et</strong> blessé 3832". (Keyhan<br />
12.12.87). ..<br />
ARTICLE SUR LA REVOLTE DE SHEIKH SAID contre Atatürk (El Hilal el Diweli 1.10.87).<br />
UNE ~VIEW DE JELAL. TALABANI au journal Keyhan sur ses relations avec la République Islamique d'Iran<br />
(Keyhan 12.12.87).<br />
LES RELATIONS DE BARzAN! AVEC ISRAEL (El Nehar 9.11.87).
, •
I<br />
•<br />
l ,<br />
S<br />
LE MONDE LIBERTAIRE 17.09.1987<br />
En marge <strong>de</strong> la guerre du Golfe<br />
ion <strong>de</strong>scend les routes <strong>et</strong> pistes<br />
poussiéreuses vers le Sud-Est <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie, à travers ce paysage montagnard,<br />
dénudé, jaune, gris, viol<strong>et</strong>, c'est<br />
d'abord l'ambiance qui frappe. Un voile <strong>de</strong><br />
silence. Un mon<strong>de</strong> autre, où nous faisons<br />
ligure <strong>de</strong> martiens. Mon<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> misère prolon<strong>de</strong><br />
au premier regard, représenté par les<br />
innombrables enfants en loques, croulant<br />
sous <strong>de</strong>s charges trop lour<strong>de</strong>s; par les femmes<br />
<strong>et</strong> veillards mendiant dans les rues, les<br />
habitations réduites à <strong>de</strong> minuscules chaumières<br />
en argile <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s lépreux, assis contre<br />
les murs, qui montrent leurs mains sans<br />
doigts <strong>et</strong> leur visage sans nez.<br />
Mals, il y a également ces images d'une<br />
beauté pure <strong>de</strong> vie simple, où l'homme semble<br />
encore vivre en harmonie avec la nature.<br />
Comme ces tentes noma<strong>de</strong>s, noires <strong>et</strong> blanches,<br />
se blottissant dans la steppe jaune.<br />
Les troupeaux <strong>de</strong> moutons, noirs <strong>et</strong> marrons,<br />
avec leurs jeunes bergers. Les gestes d'une<br />
hospitalité délicate. Les forteresses <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s<br />
d'Ishakpasa Sary ou <strong>de</strong> Güzelsu (Hosap),<br />
chAteaux <strong>de</strong> contes <strong>de</strong> fées solitaires au clair<br />
<strong>de</strong> lune. Les femmes <strong>et</strong> filles en train <strong>de</strong> tisser<br />
leurs rêves dans les tapis kilim : arbres<br />
<strong>de</strong> la vie, personnaqes, maisons, oiseaux,<br />
étoiles <strong>et</strong> fleurs. Mais, cela nous ramène vite<br />
à la réalité, car <strong>de</strong>rrière ce travail artisanal<br />
poétique se cachent exploitation <strong>et</strong> travail<br />
enfantin ...<br />
Les. Turcs <strong>de</strong>s montagne:; ..<br />
I Officiellement, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s s'appellent<br />
. • iures <strong>de</strong>s Montagnes -. Le terme. Kurdistan<br />
- est proscrit, la langue <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> est interdite.<br />
Elle est pourtant pratiquée partout, du<br />
légendaire Mont Ararat (5 156 mètres) à la<br />
Irontière iranienne, jUllqu'aux sources <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Euphrate <strong>et</strong> du Tigre, <strong>et</strong> au-<strong>de</strong>là <strong>de</strong>s frontières<br />
irakiennes <strong>et</strong> syriennes. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont<br />
la malchance d'être dispersés dans cinq<br />
pays différents: U.R.S.S .. Iran, Irak, Syrie <strong>et</strong><br />
8 millions en Turquie, dans une situation<br />
géographique qui les place en plein milieu<br />
d'un réseau d'intérêts internationaux. Deux<br />
<strong>de</strong> leurs colonisateurs, l'Iran <strong>et</strong> l'Irak se<br />
déchirent dans la guerre. Résultat <strong>de</strong> celle<br />
situation incommo<strong>de</strong>: les <strong>de</strong>ux-tiers du contingent<br />
militaire turc (contingent d'environ<br />
850 000 hommes) sont aujourd'hui installés<br />
en Kurdistan.<br />
On se heurte à <strong>de</strong>s postes <strong>et</strong> à <strong>de</strong>s contrôles<br />
militaires partout. La plupart <strong>de</strong>s<br />
~ manœuvres d'hiver. se passent ici. Les<br />
troupes <strong>de</strong> l'O.T.A.N. s'y entrainent. Au sein<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'O.T.A.N., on est prêt à accélérer la<br />
• pacification du prob/éme <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>.. La Turquie,<br />
avec le soutien <strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unis <strong>et</strong> certains<br />
pays membres <strong>de</strong> l'O.T.A.N. (R.F.A. en<br />
tête) se préparent à une intervention au Nord<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Irak, dans le cas d'une éventuelie victoire<br />
<strong>de</strong> i""-nienne. Sous prétexte <strong>de</strong> revendications<br />
historiques, on parle ouvertement<br />
d'une occupation <strong>de</strong> Mossul <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Merkürk.<br />
Déjà en mars, les bombardiers turcs attaquaient<br />
<strong>de</strong>s villages <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s en Irak, ce qui a<br />
été fêté comme un acte patriotique ...<br />
Le contrôle social<br />
Aux pressions militaires s'ajoutent <strong>de</strong>s<br />
mesures sociales <strong>et</strong> économiques oppressantes.<br />
Entre autres, la déportation <strong>de</strong> villages<br />
entiers <strong>de</strong>s. palus chauds., comme<br />
dans la région <strong>de</strong> Tuneeh, où on proj<strong>et</strong>te la<br />
déportation <strong>de</strong> 356 à 435 villages vers le<br />
Sud-Est. D'autres villages, suspects d'être<br />
infiltrés par la guérilla, ont déjà été vidés <strong>de</strong>leur<br />
population <strong>et</strong> démolis par bulldozer (stratégie<br />
équivalente <strong>de</strong> celle rencontrée il y a<br />
quatre ans au Guatémala). La population est<br />
en train d'être fichée par la police <strong>et</strong> la gendarmerie,<br />
en quatre catégories: blanc,<br />
citoyen loyal; bleu, indifférent; jaune,<br />
sympathisant présumé du P.K.K. (Parti <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, noyau le plus dur <strong>de</strong> la<br />
guérilla); rouge, militant. Etre classé<br />
refus d'un passeport <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la licence <strong>de</strong> commerce.<br />
•<br />
Il Ya eu, ces <strong>de</strong>rnières années, <strong>de</strong>s prOCès<br />
r<strong>et</strong>entissants contre <strong>de</strong>s organisations <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s,<br />
contre les éditeurs d'un journal... On<br />
estime qu'il y a 3 000 prisonniers politiques<br />
<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s dans la prison militaire <strong>de</strong> Dijarbakir,<br />
près du Tigre. Les conditions <strong>de</strong> détention y<br />
sont terribles bien que relativement. assouplies.<br />
ces <strong>de</strong>rniers temps, semble-toil du fait<br />
que la Turquie souhaite montrer un visage<br />
démocratique afin <strong>de</strong> participer à la C.E.E. ;<br />
les tortures s'achevant par <strong>de</strong>s. suici<strong>de</strong>s -<br />
faisanl tout <strong>de</strong> même trop mauvais eff<strong>et</strong>. Il<br />
reste que l'énorme présence militaire est<br />
bien une formè <strong>de</strong> terreur visant à empècher<br />
la population <strong>de</strong> se révolter contre l'état <strong>de</strong><br />
sous-développement dans lequel est maintenue<br />
toute la région ..•<br />
DAGMAR<br />
LE DAUPHINE LIBERE 24.09.1987<br />
LYON MATIN 29.09.1987<br />
Marc Fraysse contre<br />
les autorités turques<br />
Il juge « inacceptable» la détention<br />
d'un gui<strong>de</strong> français accusé <strong>de</strong><br />
« sympathies pour les arméniens »<br />
L<br />
'ARRESTATION <strong>et</strong> I. d'tention d'un gui<strong>de</strong> fr.nçei. p.r le.<br />
eutorit'. Turque•• provoqu' le co"r. du Con.elller R'glonel<br />
<strong>et</strong> Con.eill.r Municipel <strong>de</strong> Okine., M.rc Fr.y .... Emprl.onn'<br />
d.pui. I. t8 Juin, Michel Car.minot • 't' .ccu.' p.r un <strong>de</strong> .e.<br />
c coll'gu •• » turc. d'avoir c <strong>de</strong>•• ympathie. pour le. Arm'nien.»<br />
eprA. que tout le. <strong>de</strong>ux eurent eccomp.gn' un groupe <strong>de</strong> touri.t ••<br />
françei. <strong>de</strong>n. I. r'gion du KlWli.t.n. Michel C.r.minot • 't' Inculp'<br />
d. c prop.g.n<strong>de</strong> vi•• nt ....,.iblir le. .entim.nt. n.tion.ux» .t<br />
risque d. cinq' dix .n. <strong>de</strong> prison.<br />
SitOt mis .u cour. nt d. c.tt •• ffaire, M.rc Fr.ysse •• dre•• ' un.<br />
l<strong>et</strong>tre .u ministre d.s droits d. "homme CI.ud. M.lhur<strong>et</strong> pour que<br />
c.lui-ci .t r.n •• mbl. du gouv.rnement int.rvi.nn.nt If Pour<br />
d~"nd,. IN in~"" d. no". concitoyen victim. je rNpMe d. I.<br />
bUrN_tie judlcl.;,. .t qllfll. vlrlt~ .oit (.ite .t I. ju.tictl ,.ndu •<br />
• iMI que l'honn.ur I Michel C.r.minot JI. L. Conseill.r R'gionlll<br />
RPR •• tim. en eff<strong>et</strong> If ltJM:ctlpt.ble qu'une pe,.onn. d. quelqu.<br />
".tion.litI qu'ell• .mr..1 fortior/ lo,.qu'."e e.t.n miuion pro".-<br />
trion"." •• oIt Incu/~ pour d41itd'opinion JI.<br />
M.rc Fr.ysse •• t d'. ut. nt plus mécontent <strong>de</strong> la déci.ion d.s<br />
.utorit's Turqu•• , que c. pays • offici.llement <strong>de</strong>mand' son<br />
int'gr.tion d.n. I. communaut' Europé.nne. If C'•• t I".dmi •• ibl.<br />
que c. p.~ n. rNPecte ".. I•• U•• II•• fond.m.nt.ux env.,. I••<br />
~"'nlle,. <strong>de</strong> ". ••• 11•. Un p.upl. qui .e dit lib,. doit ,..ptlCt.r I••<br />
dlff4,.nctl., .urtout d•• diff~f'fInce. <strong>de</strong>/.nll.II •. O'.ut.nt que d.".<br />
le- c•• prfi:i., le lI~oc/dtI Arm4nien, il y • <strong>de</strong>. pr.llV•• hi.tor/qu ••.<br />
'r/I.'.utqllfl le Tu",u,. Pf'fInn•••• ,..pon."'''it~. f.cel l'hl.toire JI.<br />
Outre le m.ss.ge qu'il •• dressé • Clau<strong>de</strong> Malhur<strong>et</strong>. Marc Fraysse<br />
.'eng.g •• If .outenlr toute. le•• ction. qui p.rm<strong>et</strong>tront .e libér<strong>et</strong>lon<br />
eu nom du COtIur<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> I. r.i.on »<br />
, .1<br />
NationalismtJ<br />
I.t.mbul, - L'/"Iebdomadaire<br />
turc e 2000 Dogru. (ver. l'an<br />
2000) a été confilqué pour avoir<br />
cité lei pallagel d'un discourl<br />
du e père <strong>de</strong> la Turquie<br />
PARLEMENT EUROPEEN<br />
octobre 1987<br />
INCARCERATION D'UN JEUNE GUIDE TOURISTIQUE<br />
FRANCAIS EN TURQUIE<br />
(DOC. 82-1031/87)<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rne. Kemal Ataturk, hivor.ble<br />
• un statut d'autonomie<br />
pour lei Kur<strong>de</strong>i. Toul lei exemplalrel<br />
dé Ul revue ont été lailil,<br />
lei jugea eatimant que l'article<br />
e affaibli liait lei aentimenta<br />
nationaux •.<br />
C'est par 100 voix contre 66 <strong>et</strong> 23 abstentions que le<br />
Parlement a adoptê la rholutiùn du groupe communiste,<br />
s'élevant contre les traitements infligh ä Michel<br />
£ARAMINOT, jeune gui<strong>de</strong> touristique français, accusê sans<br />
'preuve d'avoir fait <strong>de</strong> la propagan<strong>de</strong> pro-armênienne <strong>et</strong><br />
pro-<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>et</strong> emprisonnf en Turquie pour ce motif du 18<br />
juin au 5 octobre 1987, sans aucun jugement.<br />
Le proc~s, maintes fois reportê, a enfin commencê le 5<br />
octobre <strong>de</strong>rnier. Si Michel CARAMINOT a êtê mis en libertê<br />
provi soi re, il n'est toujours pas autori sê à quitter la<br />
.Turquie avant le verdict. Le Parlement <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> aux<br />
ministres <strong>de</strong>s Affaires êtrangires d'intervenir aupr~s <strong>de</strong>s<br />
autorith turques afin qu'elles m<strong>et</strong>tent fin à c<strong>et</strong>te assignation<br />
à rêsi<strong>de</strong>nce.<br />
1
~LA<br />
octobre 1987<br />
LETTRE DU GDM<br />
GROUPEMENT<br />
POUR LES DROITS DES MINORITES<br />
DROITS DE L' HOHHE ET HINORITAIRES CHRETIENS EN TURQUIE<br />
La récente résolution reconnaissant'<br />
le "génoci<strong>de</strong> arménien" (1) dans l'Empire<br />
ottoman finissant, adoptée par l'Assemblée<br />
européenne à Strasbourg, porte sur<br />
un passé déjà lointain mais a aussi le<br />
mérite <strong>de</strong> rem<strong>et</strong>tre en lumière la situation<br />
<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>rniers chrétiens autochtones<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie en 1987.<br />
Curieusement, dans ce pays qui <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
Ataturk se veut laique à tout prix<br />
<strong>et</strong> qui est aujourd'hui une démocratie<br />
parlementaire <strong>de</strong> plus en plus comme les<br />
autres, membre du Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe <strong>et</strong><br />
du Pacte atlantique, associée au Marché<br />
commun, <strong>et</strong>c., le statut actuel <strong>de</strong>s chrétiens<br />
turcs - environ 150 000 personnes<br />
<strong>de</strong> diverses' communautés orthodoxes ou<br />
catholiques - n'est pas satisfaisant au<br />
regard <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme, ou du<br />
moins <strong>de</strong> la conception qu'on a <strong>de</strong><br />
ceux-ci dans les nations alliées ou<br />
amies. d'Ankara.<br />
Passons sur Istamboul, "vitrine <strong>de</strong><br />
la tolérance turco-islamique", où les<br />
chrétiens ont leurs églises,' leurs<br />
écoles, leurs .cercles <strong>et</strong> mènent une'vie<br />
.à peu près normale, encore qu'il leur<br />
soit pratiquement impossible <strong>de</strong> transférer<br />
une église d'un quartier à l'autre;<br />
qu'il se trouve toujours <strong>de</strong>s musulmans<br />
maximalistes pour protester haut <strong>et</strong> fort<br />
lorsque le patriarcat orthodoxe oecuménique,<br />
héritier <strong>de</strong> Byzance, fait réparer<br />
89n siège; que tout .enfant arménien<br />
doive prouver que ses quatre grandsparents<br />
sont 100 \ arméniens pour pouvoir<br />
être inscrit dans une école <strong>de</strong> sa<br />
communauté, <strong>et</strong>c.<br />
C'est peu <strong>et</strong> c'est beaucoup pour <strong>de</strong>s<br />
groupes <strong>et</strong>hniques très minoritaires <strong>et</strong>'<br />
psychologiquement fragilisés par l'histoire.<br />
Pour eux, <strong>et</strong> c'est légitime,<br />
l'éducation enfantine, socle <strong>de</strong> l'i<strong>de</strong>n-.<br />
tité culturelle <strong>et</strong> religieuse, est<br />
menac~e <strong>et</strong> nombre <strong>de</strong> parents émigrent à<br />
çontrecoeur <strong>de</strong> leur terre natale.<br />
Il y a plus grave: à Ankara, la<br />
capitale <strong>de</strong> la république turque, qui<br />
fut, au début <strong>de</strong> ce siècle encore, une<br />
cité provinciale chrétienne très ..vivante,<br />
le gouvernement, <strong>de</strong>puis les<br />
<strong>de</strong>structions <strong>de</strong>s années troublées <strong>de</strong> la<br />
chute <strong>de</strong>s Ottomans, n'a toujours pas.<br />
autorisé la construction <strong>de</strong> la moindre'<br />
,.chapelle pour les milliers <strong>de</strong> chrétiens<br />
'ankariotes, en majorité <strong>de</strong>s Arméniens'<br />
linguistiquement turquisés <strong>de</strong>puis plUsieurs<br />
siècles, Résultat: <strong>de</strong>ux ou trois<br />
ambassa<strong>de</strong>s, comme celle <strong>de</strong> France, ont<br />
dù ouvrir en territoire diplomatique;<br />
avec <strong>de</strong>s chapelains ayant statut <strong>de</strong> diplomate,<br />
<strong>de</strong>s p<strong>et</strong>ites salles <strong>de</strong> culte'<br />
pOur les chrétiens locaux ... Imaginons<br />
simplement un'instant qu'il soit inter-'<br />
dit d'avoir <strong>de</strong>s .osquées à Paria <strong>et</strong> que<br />
certaines ambassa<strong>de</strong>s d'Etats islamiques<br />
soient contraintes d'ouvrir <strong>de</strong>s salles'<br />
<strong>de</strong> prière pOUr les Françaia .usulmans ....<br />
Il s'en parlerait! Et avec raison.<br />
Eqlises en "territoire ennnemi"<br />
Les Chapelles d'ambassa<strong>de</strong> sont surveillées<br />
par la police turque, notamment<br />
lors <strong>de</strong>s pério<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> tension - nombreuses<br />
- entre <strong>Paris</strong> <strong>et</strong> Ankara. Ce qui<br />
a alors pour eff<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> rendre suspect<br />
tout Turc qui va prier en "territoire<br />
ennemi" ...<br />
Et il n'est guère réjouissant non<br />
plus <strong>de</strong> trouver en plein centre<br />
d'Ankara, dans <strong>de</strong>s librairies islamistes,<br />
<strong>de</strong>s ouvrages ou <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ssins<br />
produits en Turquie, dénigrant, pour ne<br />
pas dire plus, le christianisme <strong>et</strong> ses<br />
a<strong>de</strong>ptes (voir "Le Mon<strong>de</strong>" <strong>de</strong>s 27 <strong>et</strong> 28'<br />
mai 1986 <strong>et</strong> du 16 août 1986).<br />
Ce n'est pas tout: dans l'est <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie, notamment dans les régions<br />
arabophones <strong>de</strong>s confins syra-turcs, où<br />
vivent <strong>de</strong>puis un temps immémorial <strong>de</strong>s<br />
chrétiens, ceux-ci sont très loin <strong>de</strong><br />
jouir en fait <strong>de</strong>s mêmes droits que leurs<br />
compatriotes musulmans.<br />
A Antioche, là même où historiquement<br />
a. été'forgé. le mot <strong>de</strong> "chrétien",<br />
les catholiques .ont eu leur chapelle<br />
prise <strong>de</strong>ux fois en quarante ans par<br />
l'administration locale, sous <strong>de</strong>s prétextes<br />
d'"utilité publique" qui ne:<br />
trompent personne. Aujourd'hui, ils<br />
assistent à l'office dans la maison d'un<br />
prêtre italien turcophone qui ne compte'<br />
plus les tracasseries administratives'<br />
dont il est l'obj<strong>et</strong>.<br />
A Alexandr<strong>et</strong>te, port proche.<br />
d'Antioche, les chrétiens sont si<br />
craintifs qu'ils n'osent pas arborer <strong>de</strong><br />
croix en pen<strong>de</strong>ntif où même dans leur<br />
salle <strong>de</strong> séjour, "<strong>de</strong> peur <strong>de</strong> créer <strong>de</strong>s'<br />
inci<strong>de</strong>nts", Dans plusieurs bourgs, cer-<br />
.tains fonctionnaires locaux refusent<br />
l'enregistrement <strong>de</strong> prénoms trop typiquement<br />
chrétiens choisis pour les<br />
nouveaux-nés.<br />
Les paysans syriaques<br />
La . situation est encore plus critique<br />
pour les syriaques orthodoxes<br />
arabophones <strong>de</strong> la région <strong>de</strong> Mardine <strong>et</strong><br />
du Tour-Abdine, antique fief chrétien.<br />
Là, <strong>de</strong>s musulmans, <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s <strong>et</strong> turcs, se<br />
m<strong>et</strong>tent parfois d'accord pour effrayer<br />
<strong>de</strong>s paysans chrétiens en allant jusqu'à<br />
enlever leurs filles, afin qu'ils<br />
émigrent, abandonnant ainsi leurs<br />
terres. A tout le moins, ces fellahs<br />
généralement très humbles, sont rançon:<br />
nés par <strong>de</strong>s "irréguliers musulmans".<br />
Personne ne prend jamais la défense <strong>de</strong><br />
ces chrétiens oubliés, même si l'administration,<br />
à Ankara, proclame qu'ils<br />
sont <strong>de</strong>s citoyens à part entière. Sur le<br />
papier, en eff<strong>et</strong> ...<br />
s'il est difficile d'obtenir <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie qu'elle règle rapi<strong>de</strong>ment les<br />
considérables questions culturelles <strong>et</strong><br />
politiques posées par l'existence <strong>de</strong><br />
fortes<br />
minorités ...lIIl1,5u,~.lIanes ...<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s..cl}<br />
alévites, en revanche il suffirait d'ûn'<br />
peu <strong>de</strong> bonne volonté manifestée par le<br />
gouvernement central d'Ankara pour que<br />
les <strong>de</strong>rniers chrétiens turcs soient<br />
réellement bénéficiaires <strong>de</strong> la laicité<br />
officielle <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la non-discrimination<br />
religieuse proclamée.<br />
C'est là où les partenaires occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie ont un rôle à<br />
jouer avec ferm<strong>et</strong>é sur les principes <strong>et</strong><br />
douceur dans la manière. Ce serait<br />
d'ailleurs tout bénéfice moral pour les.<br />
Turcs que leurs compatriotes chrétiens<br />
soient enfin traités comme <strong>de</strong>s citoyens.<br />
<strong>de</strong> plein exercice.<br />
Jean-Pierre<br />
PERONCEL-HUGOZ'<br />
(I) Reconnaissance tardive mais accompagnée<br />
d'une exigence politique bien mal'<br />
inspirée à l'égard <strong>de</strong> l'Etat turc actuel<br />
qui n'est en rien responsable <strong>de</strong>s.massacres<br />
<strong>et</strong> excés <strong>de</strong> 1. périO<strong>de</strong> 1894-1920 :<br />
Ankara ne pourra étre admis à part<br />
entiére dans la Communauté économique<br />
européenne que s'il "reconnait" lui-méme<br />
le g~noci<strong>de</strong> arménien:.. Exigence qui<br />
risque surtout <strong>de</strong> braquer les Turcs <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> les éloigner <strong>de</strong> l'Occi<strong>de</strong>nt. Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Evren menace déjà <strong>de</strong> reconsidérer<br />
l'appartenance <strong>de</strong> son pay. à l'Alliance<br />
atlantique ...<br />
(') Rédacteur au service étranger du<br />
"Hon<strong>de</strong>" <strong>et</strong> auteur <strong>de</strong> plusieurs ouvrages<br />
traitant <strong>de</strong> la situation <strong>de</strong>s chrétiens<br />
d'Orient, notamment "Le Ra<strong>de</strong>au <strong>de</strong><br />
Hahom<strong>et</strong>" (Champs, Flammarion) <strong>et</strong> "Une<br />
Croix sur le Liban" (Folio-Actuel,<br />
Gallimard) .<br />
'2
t<br />
•<br />
AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE 03.10.1987<br />
Iran-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Destruction <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux bases Militaires iraniennes par les <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s irani~ns,<br />
selon le PDKI<br />
PARIS, 3 oct (AFP) - Cent vinGt neuf .embres <strong>de</strong>s forces Gouverne.entales<br />
iraniennes ont tt. tuts â la suite <strong>de</strong>s attaQues lanctes par les combattanls du<br />
Parti dt.ocratiQue du Kurdi stan iranien {PDKI ,'"aulonomi ste, inleh:u t.i I...QfII..r'.~<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux bases militaires dans le nord-ouest <strong>de</strong> l'Iran, a annonct samedi un<br />
co.muniQut du bureau du PDKI â <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
Les "pech.eraa" du PDKI ont attaQut <strong>et</strong> d.truil les 28 <strong>et</strong> 29 seplembre<br />
respeclivement une iMPortante base .ilitaire situ.e â 12 k. <strong>de</strong> Boukan (environ<br />
80 k. <strong>de</strong> la fronli.re irakienne) <strong>et</strong> une base iranienne situ.e pr.s <strong>de</strong> la ville<br />
fronlali.re <strong>de</strong> Sardachl, indiQue le co.muniQu ••<br />
Les aulonomisles <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s onl caplurt, en oulre, 13 Ilililaires el saisi une<br />
Gran<strong>de</strong> Quantilt d'arlles, ajoule le cOMlluniQut, prtcisant Que du côtt du PDKI,<br />
5 cOMbaltants onl ttt luts <strong>et</strong> 2 aulres blessts.<br />
LA NOUVELLE DEPECHE DU CENTRE OUEST<br />
L'Irak en guerre • • un<br />
Jean-François Oanneels, un<br />
ingénieur blésais. a effeclué<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux séjours en Irak pour le<br />
comple <strong>de</strong> la S.O.G.R.E.A.H.,<br />
une soclélé lea<strong>de</strong>r mondial <strong>de</strong><br />
l'irrigation el <strong>de</strong>s barrages hydrauliques.<br />
Des déplacemenls qui l'ont<br />
conduit vers une région passablement<br />
agitée, le Kll[ljlstan,<br />
d'aoOI 1984 à avril 1981!",puis<br />
<strong>de</strong> mal Il septembre 1987 :<br />
• Ce que j'ai surtout vu, c'est<br />
le Ilarcé/ement <strong>de</strong> /s psrt <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Pesllmergs (<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s ayanr<br />
pris les armes pour tenter d'srracller<br />
Jeur autonomie). On dit<br />
qu'l/s sont plus ou moins soutenus<br />
psr /'/rsn. I/s entr<strong>et</strong>iennent<br />
une vrs/e guérills Il<br />
l'égsrd <strong>de</strong> l'armée régulière<br />
/rsleienne. 1/ s'sg/t surtout <strong>de</strong><br />
coups <strong>de</strong> maIn, d'ssssssinsts<br />
<strong>de</strong> lonctionns/res <strong>et</strong> d'sttentsts<br />
ponctue/s. Msis ce qui<br />
étonne, c'est le fsit que Is vie<br />
cont/nue comme si <strong>de</strong> rien<br />
n'éfsll. A Irleoule,Is guerre est<br />
sbsente. On circule norms/ement.<br />
Seuls, quelques mIssI/es<br />
sont tombés en 1985. Per<br />
contre, II Bagdsd, plus élo/-<br />
gnée <strong>de</strong> Is front/ere Irsnlenne,<br />
1/ pleut <strong>de</strong>s mIssi/es bien plus<br />
souvent. Les vitres <strong>de</strong>s Immeubles<br />
admlnlstrst/fs ont llté<br />
scotchlles par précautIOn. On<br />
remarque aussi <strong>de</strong>puIs quelque<br />
temps une plus gran<strong>de</strong> d/ff/culté<br />
pour l'approvisIOnnement<br />
en <strong>de</strong>nrées sI/menta/res,<br />
<strong>et</strong> surtout, une lassitu<strong>de</strong> man/-<br />
feste <strong>de</strong> le populat/on qui voudrall<br />
bien que c<strong>et</strong>te guerre se<br />
termIne. Pourtsnt l'iraI
t<br />
L'HUMANITE 06.10.1987<br />
Michel Caraminot maintenu en rési<strong>de</strong>nce surveillée<br />
OTAGE EN TURQUIE<br />
Le jeune gui<strong>de</strong> français emprisonné <strong>de</strong>puis le 17juin toujours menacé d'une lour<strong>de</strong><br />
condamnation, «Je suis inqui<strong>et</strong> pour ma sécun'té p, déclare-t-il <strong>de</strong>puis Dyarbaldr<br />
MICHEL CARAMINOT, le<br />
jeune gui<strong>de</strong> tourislique fran.<br />
çais emprisonné <strong>de</strong>puis le<br />
17 juin <strong>de</strong>rnier en Turquie, a r<strong>et</strong>rouvé<br />
une semi.liberté, mais sans que soit le.<br />
vée la ridicule <strong>et</strong> scandaleuse a~usation<br />
qui pése sur lui d'avoir « tenté d'aITai.<br />
blir les sentiments nationaux turcs ».<br />
la cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat <strong>de</strong> Dyar.<br />
bakir <strong>de</strong>vant laquelle notre compatriote<br />
comparaissait hier a, en eIT<strong>et</strong>, refusé,<br />
une nouvelle fois, <strong>de</strong> statuer sur le fond,<br />
rem<strong>et</strong>tant le jugement au 3 novembre<br />
prochain. Elle a cependant, contraire.<br />
menl il ce qui s'était passé lors <strong>de</strong> l'au.<br />
dience précé<strong>de</strong>nle (le 25 août), accédé il<br />
la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> mise en liberté provisoire<br />
présenlée par le procureur. Mais Michel<br />
Caraminol n'a pas été autorisé à quitter<br />
.la Turquie <strong>et</strong> y restera en rési<strong>de</strong>nce sur.<br />
veillée en attendant son jugement.<br />
L'épée <strong>de</strong> Damoclés d'une lour<strong>de</strong><br />
condamnation - cinq à quinze ans <strong>de</strong><br />
prison - reste toujours suspendue au:<br />
<strong>de</strong>ssus <strong>de</strong> sa tête. Dés hier soir, il Dyar.<br />
bakir, Michel Caraminot a protesté<br />
contre ce qu'il a estimé être "une<br />
séance <strong>de</strong> Guignol. la preuve
• • Jk ir~nßt 06 •10 .1987<br />
TURQUIE<br />
La presse critique le procès intenté<br />
au gui<strong>de</strong> français Michel Caraminot<br />
Le pro"''''' ,I~ .... ,..~,<br />
Caramlaoa. le CUlae uaoçlllS<br />
accusé par ua collègue turc<br />
d'a,olr flÛt <strong>de</strong> la «propa&>Ul<strong>de</strong><br />
rluat Il .nalbU, lH senti_ts<br />
utiollll"" da_ sa uplleatJolIS<br />
.. l'art armhûeIJ -, a repris Je<br />
J_J 5 octobre <strong>de</strong>vant la Cour<br />
<strong>de</strong> lÛr<strong>et</strong>i <strong>de</strong> J'Etat <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir.<br />
DIYARBAKIR<br />
<strong>de</strong> notre envoyé spécial<br />
La d~tention <strong>et</strong> le procès <strong>de</strong><br />
M. Michel Caraminol. qui esl<br />
menac~ <strong>de</strong> cinq à dix ans <strong>de</strong> prison<br />
(le Mon<strong>de</strong> du 24 septembre). on'<br />
été <strong>de</strong>noncés par certains <strong>de</strong>s edilorialistes<br />
les plus en vue <strong>de</strong> la presse<br />
. turque, unanime à déplorer Ics eff<strong>et</strong>s<br />
•. - ,.~ - ....... 1'; .......... l'l' ... -i .. ' ..<br />
.I. U"tU!C uu rc,,"ours a Oe tCJ1es<br />
mélho<strong>de</strong>s. Le quolidien Hurriyel a<br />
:cllisé sur le • grave plril. dans<br />
lequel les explications artisliques du<br />
jeune gui<strong>de</strong> ou ses conseils d'hygiène<br />
alimentaire auraient. placl un ElOI<br />
<strong>de</strong> cinquanle millions d'habltanls "<br />
avanl <strong>de</strong> se <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r au nom <strong>de</strong><br />
quoi les tourisles 'rançais seraienl<br />
lenus d'entr<strong>et</strong>enir vis-à-vis <strong>de</strong> l'Elat<br />
turc<br />
<strong>de</strong>s • senlim~nlSpatriotiques.<br />
":ibles d'lire • affaiblis" par<br />
.• 'P""f{,S. Le plus célèbre <strong>de</strong>s<br />
édlturialisles, Nehm<strong>et</strong> Ali Birand,<br />
du quotidien Mil/iy<strong>et</strong>, voit dans<br />
l'affaire Caraminot une illustration<br />
du • sous-diveloppemenl <strong>de</strong>s menlalitts<br />
en matière <strong>de</strong> dlmocratie ",<br />
incompatible avec les <strong>de</strong>marches<br />
entamées en vue <strong>de</strong> l'adbésion àla<br />
CEE.<br />
A~ence~France Presse; 07.10.1987<br />
1" ....... t..,. ...• ,..r .... ,",':"".".,..t,..'"<br />
J'allaITe ,lluStre la nécessllt d'abandonner<br />
l'idée d'une • Ihèse nationoie.<br />
unique, seule inlerpr~talion<br />
admise <strong>de</strong> l'hisloire. La queslion esl<br />
à l'ordre du jour <strong>de</strong>puis le procès<br />
inlenl~ celle ann~e, pour infraclion<br />
au meme arlicle que Michel Caraminol,<br />
à l'~iteur <strong>de</strong> la traduclion<br />
lurque <strong>de</strong> l'Encyclopaedia britannica,<br />
coupable d'avoir ecrit qu'une<br />
ville du Sud-Est analolien (Adiyaman)<br />
avait ~t~, au Moyen Age,<br />
• sous la suzrraln,,1 d'un prinu<br />
armInien.. Un non-lieu a eie pronond,<br />
mais. u ,,'esl pas aux Iribunaux<br />
d'Icrire l'histoire ", observe le<br />
direc~ur <strong>de</strong> l'hebdomadaire Yeni<br />
Oun<strong>de</strong>m, pour qui la diversil~ tant<br />
passée que présenle <strong>de</strong>s cullures<br />
minorilaires du pays (lQtaIes, Iziganes,<br />
chr~tiennes, israéllle, alévi -<br />
une seCle <strong>de</strong> l'islam chiile - el~.)<br />
constilue une richesse à préserver.<br />
urQuie-Kur<strong>de</strong>s lead<br />
Six morts lors d'un accrochaGe entre Gendarmes <strong>et</strong> rebelles <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s<br />
r'" .' .-1 .... journa-<br />
IIsles ren
Jre l11ona,e<br />
Turquie<br />
Onze personnes tuées<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s rebelles <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s<br />
13.10.1987<br />
Onze personnes ont été tuées <strong>et</strong><br />
neuf autre blessées. samedi 10 octobre.<br />
dans un village <strong>de</strong> la province <strong>de</strong><br />
Siirt (sud-est <strong>de</strong> la Turquie). à une<br />
quinzaine <strong>de</strong> kilomètres <strong>de</strong> la frontière<br />
irakienne, au cours d'une attaque<br />
lancée par un groupe d'une centaine<br />
<strong>de</strong> rebelles <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, a indiqué, le<br />
11 octobre. l'agence turque Anatolie.<br />
Les rebelles qui opèrent dans<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te région appartiennent généralement<br />
au Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s<br />
(PKK. marxiste-léniniste). principale<br />
organisation <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> en lutte contre le<br />
pouvoir central d'Ankara. Depuis la<br />
reprise <strong>de</strong>s combats. en août 1984.<br />
plus <strong>de</strong> 1000 personnes (civils. militaires.<br />
policiers <strong>et</strong> rebelles), selon un<br />
bilan officiel, ont trouvé la mort lors<br />
dEJSaffrontements. - (AFP,)<br />
15.10.1987<br />
LEMAllN<br />
DE PARIS<br />
14.10.1987<br />
Rome sous le choc après le<br />
rapt <strong>de</strong> trois Italiens en Irak<br />
Un mois à peine après la<br />
décision très débattue <strong>de</strong>.<br />
Rome d'envoyer <strong>de</strong>s unités<br />
navales dans le Golfe, l'enlèvement<br />
<strong>de</strong> trois Italiens en<br />
Irak par un groupe <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong><br />
pro-iranien réclamant le départ<br />
<strong>de</strong> la notte italienne a<br />
provoqué un véritable cho'~<br />
politique en Italie,<br />
Hier, dans un communiqué<br />
diffusé par l'agence iranienne<br />
IRNA, reçue à <strong>Paris</strong>, l'Union<br />
patriotique du Kurdistan irakien<br />
(UPK) a confirmé c<strong>et</strong><br />
enlèvement,<br />
« GoJfe, chantage à J'Italie»,<br />
titrait hier le quotidien<br />
Repubblica (gauche) sur toute<br />
sa première page, Mais la<br />
presse accuse aussi le gouvernement<br />
Goria d'avoir caché,<br />
pendant près d'un mois, l'enlèvement<br />
<strong>de</strong>s techniciens alors<br />
même que le débat faisait rage<br />
en Italie sur l'opportunité <strong>de</strong><br />
la mission italienne dans le<br />
Golfe, Il a fallu, relève Re-<br />
pubblica, un communiqué <strong>de</strong>s<br />
ravisseurs, 1'« Umon nationale<br />
du ~di5tan irakien », à<br />
Beyrouth, pour que le triple<br />
enlèvement soit connu en<br />
Italie,<br />
Des divergences apparues<br />
du côté officiel entre la<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nce du Conseil <strong>et</strong> le<br />
ministère italien <strong>de</strong>s Affaires<br />
étrangères ont encore ajouté à<br />
l'inquiétu<strong>de</strong>, soulevant <strong>de</strong><br />
nouvelles polémiques, Le<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nt du Conseil Giovanni<br />
Goria adm<strong>et</strong>tait tout<br />
d'abord lundi que l'on était<br />
« <strong>de</strong>puis cinq jours»<br />
Selon le ministère <strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Affaires étrangères, le premier<br />
Italien, Sergio Cumin<strong>et</strong>ti,<br />
avait été enlevé dans la<br />
région <strong>de</strong> Mossoul à la<br />
mi-septembre, les <strong>de</strong>ux autres,<br />
Giuseppe Carrara <strong>et</strong><br />
Robeno Diotallevi, il y a une<br />
dizaine <strong>de</strong> jours,<br />
.,<br />
•<br />
6<br />
CONFLIT<br />
IRAN-IRAK<br />
L'Italie prise dans les eaux<br />
troubles du Golfe<br />
Après l'enlèvement <strong>de</strong> trois <strong>de</strong> leurs ressortissants au nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak, les autorités<br />
italiennes se trouvent, malgré el/es, impliquées plus avant dans la guerre du Golfe,<br />
Rome, <strong>de</strong> notre correspondant<br />
O~drJmJll,alion ~I dl>tralégle chOI>I~l'M<br />
les autùnlé .. dam raffalre d~,<br />
trois techniciens IlJlicns cnle.<br />
vés au nord <strong>de</strong> l'Irak par <strong>de</strong>,<br />
militants <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s pro-Iranien~.<br />
.//11 'r u
•<br />
~~<br />
17.10.1987<br />
Le gui<strong>de</strong> prend la clef <strong>de</strong>s champs<br />
Arrêté sur les accusations d'un <strong>de</strong> ses confrères turc, un ressortissant français<br />
Michel Caram/not, a profité d'une mise en liberté provisoire pour rejoindre <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
Michel Caraminot est libre. Arrêté le<br />
17 juin dans la ville d'Urfa (Turquie<br />
orientale) pour propagan<strong>de</strong><br />
pro-<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>et</strong> pro-arménienne (LibérariOl~3<br />
septembre), ila profité d'une<br />
rél.'ente remise en liberté provisoire<br />
[lour s'envoler jeudi aprés-midi vers<br />
<strong>Paris</strong>. Celui-ci a apparemment franchi<br />
la zone-frontière <strong>de</strong> l'aéroport d'Anka.<br />
ra sans problème. L'arrivée à Roissy a<br />
mis fin à un incroyable feuill<strong>et</strong>on judicidire<br />
qui en dit long sur les lour<strong>de</strong>urs<br />
,dnlinistratives turques.<br />
LE SOIR<br />
19.10-"<br />
..... -,<br />
., !<br />
Micbel Caraminot avait été arrêté,<br />
Inculpé <strong>et</strong> emprisonné. sur les seules<br />
accusations d'un gui<strong>de</strong> lurc, Nihat Gui.<br />
dogan, accompagnateur d'un groupe<br />
<strong>de</strong> touristes. De l'avis <strong>de</strong>s touristes<br />
rrançù, ce <strong>de</strong>rnier a ètè empéché par<br />
Michel (araminol d'emmener le<br />
gfllUpe chez les marchands <strong>de</strong> lapis <strong>et</strong><br />
autres souvenirs. Le contentieux enlre<br />
b <strong>de</strong>ux gui<strong>de</strong>s s'est vite envenimé à<br />
L'rra<br />
Plusieurs cas <strong>de</strong> choléra étaient déclarés<br />
dans la ville-étape, <strong>et</strong> N,hat Guldo-<br />
gan n'avait pas respecté les consignes<br />
sanitaires imposées par Michel Caraminot:<br />
il avait fait servir au restaurant<br />
.crudités, yaourts, <strong>et</strong>c... l'altercation<br />
entre les <strong>de</strong>ux gui<strong>de</strong>s fut si sérieuse que<br />
l'on peut trouver là explication aux<br />
gravissimes accusations <strong>de</strong> Nihat Guidogan.<br />
Niant farouchement avoir évoqué<br />
l'histoire récente <strong>de</strong> la Turquie, le gui<strong>de</strong><br />
français a dû toutefois se plier à la<br />
justice turque <strong>et</strong> notamment aux lenteurs<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Cour <strong>de</strong> sûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etal.<br />
Celle-ci ne se réunit que douze fois par<br />
an. Trois mois ont été nécessaires avant<br />
que ne soit organisé un contre-interrogatoire<br />
<strong>de</strong> Nihat Guldogan.<br />
En oclobre <strong>de</strong>rnier, la commISSIOn<br />
d'experts ne s'était toujours pas prononcl:c<br />
sur It caractère propagandisle<br />
<strong>de</strong>s documents <strong>de</strong> lravail <strong>de</strong> Michel<br />
Caraminol. Plusieurs. membres ciu<br />
groupe <strong>de</strong> voyage avaient accepté <strong>de</strong><br />
r<strong>et</strong>ourner en Turquie pour témoigner<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'innocence d<strong>de</strong>ur gui<strong>de</strong>. Le procureur<br />
lui-même avail <strong>de</strong>mandé sa reml>C<br />
enlibené provisoire «fOUle <strong>de</strong> preuves<br />
exislantes» la cour a satisfait sa <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong><br />
... au bout <strong>de</strong> h'lit semaines.<br />
-ntre temps, la presse turque avail.<br />
dénoncé la fragilité <strong>de</strong> l'accusation. A<br />
peille sorti <strong>de</strong> Sd geôle, lejeune Français<br />
a choisi rentré illégalement en France<br />
même si son innocence pouvait êlre<br />
facilement démontrée.<br />
Dominique ~E GUILLEDOUX<br />
Les bureaux parisiens <strong>de</strong> la compagnie<br />
Lufthansa occupés par <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Une vlngtame <strong>de</strong> militants <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s ont occupé ce matin les Ollreaux <strong>de</strong> la<br />
aérienne alleman<strong>de</strong> Lufthansa. 21. rue Royale à <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te occupation non violente a été organisée pour protester contre les conditions <strong>de</strong> vie<br />
trés dures qUI leur sont réservées dans leur pays. au Kurdistan. partagé notamment entre<br />
la TurqUie. l'URSS <strong>et</strong> l'Iran.<br />
AGENCE<br />
FRi\NCE<br />
PRESSE<br />
19.10.1987<br />
Iran-Exécution<br />
~xécution <strong>de</strong> six personnes coupables d'actions ar~ées en Iran<br />
PARIS, 19 oct (AFP) - Le Conseil supèrieur <strong>de</strong> la Justice iranien a ordonné<br />
lundi l'exécution <strong>de</strong> six personnes reconnues coupables d'opérations armées<br />
Fontre les forces Gouvernementales dans les réGions <strong>de</strong> l'Azerbaidjan<br />
fnord-ouest) <strong>et</strong> du Kurdistan ~ouest), a annoncé Radio-Téhéran captée ~ <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
I Selon la radio, r:s six accusés avaient "reÇu un entratnement militaire en<br />
Irak pour mener <strong>de</strong>s actions d~ <strong>de</strong>struction <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> terreur" en Iran.<br />
L'HUMANITE<br />
23.10.1987<br />
Cent dix jours dans les prisons du Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> Turquie<br />
L'HORREUR<br />
I<br />
AU QUOTIDIEN<br />
Lejeune gui<strong>de</strong> français Michel Caraminof témoine :<br />
((A Diyarbaldr,j'ai vu un enfant <strong>de</strong> onze ans détenu avec son père»<br />
GUIDE touristique français ae-.<br />
cusé par les autorités d'Ankara<br />
d'avoir voulu « affaiblir le sentiment<br />
national du peuple turc », trainé<br />
en Cour <strong>de</strong> >ûr<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Ela~ Michel Carammot<br />
a vécu plus <strong>de</strong> trois mois dans<br />
les [Insons lurque> aVdnt d'étre mis en<br />
Iibené provl>oire<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> quitter la Turquie<br />
"en douce). pour attendre à l'aris le<br />
verdict du procès. Fatigué, amaigri, mais<br />
« soulagé H, Michel Caraminot n-. a:<br />
raconté ses prisons. Parce qu'il veut, par<br />
son témoignage, ai<strong>de</strong>r ses anciens codélenus<br />
qui, là-bas, vivent J'horreur au<br />
quotidien. Et parce qu'il refuse que celte<br />
lamentable affaire soit enterrée aussi<br />
longtemps que son innocence n'aura pas<br />
é1épubliquement reconnue.<br />
Entre le 17 juin el le 5 octobre, Michel<br />
Cardminot 'I connu <strong>de</strong>ux prisons<br />
taules <strong>de</strong>ux en "Turquie onentale';,<br />
dénomination officielle du Kurdistan,<br />
dans un pays oû Ie mOl «we» est<br />
banni du vocabulaire.<br />
Celle d'Urfa, d'abord. «Les condilions<br />
<strong>de</strong> vie, dit.il, y sont lbominables.<br />
En arrivant, déjà, on vous lond. Ça mel<br />
en condition. La prison est infecle <strong>et</strong><br />
décrépile. Il n'y a aucune hygiéne. OIT<br />
était <strong>de</strong>ux cenIS dans le bàtiment avec<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux toil<strong>et</strong>tes. On distribuait un bidon<br />
d'eau <strong>de</strong> temps en temps. Impossible <strong>de</strong>!<br />
se laver. On sonait une heure 10US les<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux jours dans la cour. Toutle reste du<br />
temps, on étail enfermés dans une prison<br />
en plein soleil par 5Qo.Il n'y a pas'<br />
<strong>de</strong> vitres aux fenétres, seulement <strong>de</strong>s<br />
barreaux, Et la prison ne fournit rien,<br />
Das méme une couverture, dans une ré-<br />
~ion oû les hivers sont trés froi\ls. La<br />
nourriture est inrecte : un brou<strong>et</strong> infâme<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s légumes pourris qu'on doit prépa•.<br />
rer soi-même. En douze jours, j'ai perdu<br />
quinze kilos. »<br />
A Urfa, il n'a pas vu <strong>de</strong> cas <strong>de</strong> tor.<br />
lure, bien que le gardien-chef ail récemment<br />
admis <strong>de</strong>vant la presse qu'elle y<br />
élait praliquée. Il a vu par conlre le<br />
cachot: « Un placard oû il est impossi.<br />
ble <strong>de</strong> s'allonger, avec un trou au milieu<br />
pour chier, <strong>et</strong> on peUl y rester un<br />
mOIs. »)<br />
C'est à la prison civile <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir<br />
«une prison trOIs étoiles, comparée à<br />
Urfa H, oû il a ensuIte élé transréré, que<br />
Michel Carammot a rencontré <strong>de</strong>s vic.<br />
times <strong>de</strong> la tonure : une quizaine <strong>de</strong> dé.<br />
lenus amenès <strong>de</strong> la rrison militaire où<br />
sont enrennés le, " ;loilliques H.<br />
« Normalement, c'est là qu'on aurait<br />
dû me m<strong>et</strong>tre, vu ce dont je suis accusé.<br />
Mais je suppose qu'ils n'avaient pas envie<br />
que je sois témoin <strong>de</strong> ce qui s'y<br />
passe. C'est abominable. Pire qu'à Urfa.<br />
Les quinze qui sont venus étaient si affamés<br />
qu'il a fallu les r<strong>et</strong>enir pour les<br />
empêcher <strong>de</strong> se rendre mala<strong>de</strong>s. C'est<br />
sur eux que j'ai vu les marques <strong>de</strong>s .lorlures:<br />
sur les pieds, les mains, le dos. Il<br />
y en a un dont le dos n'était plus un<br />
dos... 115 venaienl tous les quinze. du<br />
même village. On les avait arrêtés parce<br />
qu'ils avaient donné à manger à<br />
quelqu'un qu'on soupçonnait d'appartenir<br />
au PKK !(I). Ils risquaient cinq ans<br />
<strong>de</strong> prison pour ai<strong>de</strong> à la rébellion. »<br />
Cinq ans. e'eslle délai moyen nécessaire<br />
à l'instruction <strong>de</strong>s pracés, pendant<br />
-> 7
..<br />
t<br />
lesquels le prévenu reste en prison, sou'<br />
vent avec une panie <strong>de</strong> sa famille.<br />
« Dans tout l'est <strong>de</strong> la TurlU'ie, explique<br />
Michel Caramino!, on pratique le<br />
système <strong>de</strong> la responsabilité collective.<br />
Si un délit esl commis, on arréte non<br />
.s.culement celui qu'on soupçonne. d'êlr~<br />
coupable, mais toute sa famille <strong>et</strong> parfois<br />
même ~ voisins. Et comme la responsabilité<br />
pénale commence à sept ans<br />
révolus, les prisons sont pleines d'enfants.<br />
A Diyarbakir, il y avait un garçon<br />
<strong>de</strong> onze ans, détenu avec son pére, <strong>et</strong><br />
beaucoup <strong>de</strong> gosses <strong>de</strong> quatone-quinze<br />
'ans. Et en plus, à côté, il y avait la.<br />
prison <strong>de</strong>s femmes <strong>et</strong> celle <strong>de</strong>s enfants. »<br />
Les histoires que raconte Caraminot<br />
sont terribles: celle <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te femme,<br />
mère d'un <strong>de</strong> ses codétenus, emprison:<br />
née plusieurs mois pour obliger ses fils à<br />
se rendre. Celle du procureur civil <strong>de</strong><br />
Diyarbakir, venu visiter la prison avant<br />
sa mutation: une semaine auparavant, il<br />
avait fait arrêter quatre militaires qui.<br />
b<br />
avaient tonurè un vieillard jusqu'à la<br />
mort, <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>.mandé con Ire eux un juge.<br />
(suite)<br />
mènt exemplaire. Désavoué par le mï-'<br />
nistre <strong>de</strong> la Justice. il était remplacé.<br />
Celle, encore, <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong> ancien parlementaire,<br />
Ahmed Turk: « La police avait<br />
trouvé à <strong>de</strong>ux cents mètres <strong>de</strong> chez lui<br />
une casselle vidéo du PKK. On l'a<br />
amené aprés un coun passage à la pri- .<br />
son militaire au cours duquel il a perdu<br />
loules les <strong>de</strong>nts inférieures ... Je l'al vu...<br />
Il était trés abimé physiquement. »<br />
« Je voudrais insisler, dit encore Caramino!,<br />
sur quelque chose que tout le<br />
mon<strong>de</strong> m'a dit là-bas: la situation dans<br />
les prisons, notamment à la prison militaire<br />
<strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir, s'est considérablement<br />
détériorée <strong>de</strong>puis ce qu'on appelle<br />
le ({r<strong>et</strong>our à la démocralie ». Parce que<br />
les organisations internationales ont relâché<br />
leur pression <strong>et</strong> leur surveillance.<br />
On n'en parle plus, <strong>et</strong> c'est trés grave. »<br />
Propos recueillis par<br />
Frar.çoise Germain-Robin<br />
(I) PKK : Pani <strong>de</strong>s travailleu" du Kurdistan,<br />
qui mène la lulle armèe pour l'indèpendance..<br />
r--..... - ----~----.;.-----.----1;1<br />
!.€e1lTonJt,<br />
--------.- .. ------- -- --. --- ._" .. _~ ...J<br />
23.10.1987<br />
, --~,~ ::?,"',-,<br />
" .._.:..-
•<br />
I LE FIGARO 130.10.1987<br />
Israël-Iran<br />
Une gaffe<br />
révélatrice<br />
Les al/usions à }'« amitié»<br />
israélo-iranienne <strong>de</strong> Al, ::Jbin ont été<br />
immédiatement corrigées<strong>et</strong> démenties<br />
en h.f!!!! ';ilP~<br />
JERUSALEM:<br />
Ren' BAUDUC<br />
ft L'Iran est le meilleur ami<br />
d'Israël. » Ces mots attribués au<br />
ministre <strong>de</strong> la Défense, M. Rabin,<br />
<strong>et</strong> publiés en première page par<br />
le journal ft Haar<strong>et</strong>z • ont surpris<br />
les milieux politiques <strong>de</strong> Jérusalem<br />
<strong>et</strong> causé un compréhensible<br />
embarras au ministère <strong>de</strong>s Affaires<br />
étrangères o~ on parlait hier<br />
matin ft d'une gaffe monumentale<br />
II.<br />
Le ministère <strong>de</strong> la Défense<br />
s'est empressé <strong>de</strong> publier une<br />
mise au point m<strong>et</strong>tant en cause<br />
entre autres, l'AFP pour avoir dif~<br />
fusé ft un compte rendu totalement<br />
dépourvu <strong>de</strong> fon<strong>de</strong>ment II.<br />
M. Rabin aurait dit que l'Iran<br />
est aujourd'hui un ennemi<br />
acharné d'Israël. Mais que les<br />
Américains lui avaient toujours<br />
rappelé, lorsqu'il était ambassa<strong>de</strong>ur<br />
d'Israël à Washington, qu'il<br />
• fallait traiter avec l'ennemi si on<br />
voulait résoudre un conflit II.<br />
Sans sous-estimer la haine actuelle<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Iran pour Israël,<br />
M. Rabin aurait donc voulu souligner<br />
le fait que ft pendant vingthuit<br />
ans sur les trente-neuf<br />
d'existence d'Israël, l'Iran svait<br />
été un ami d'Israël», <strong>et</strong> qu'il pouvait<br />
le re<strong>de</strong>venir dès que • la folie<br />
du fondamentalisme chiite serait<br />
révolue II.<br />
Dans l'après-midi d'hier, le directeur<br />
général du ministère <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Affaires étrangères, M. Belin, a,<br />
lui aussi, essayé <strong>de</strong> rem<strong>et</strong>tre les<br />
choses en place en disant qu'Israël<br />
ft n'avait aucun intérêt à voir<br />
continuer la guerre dans le<br />
Golfe II, craignant que c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
g~erre p~i~ renforcer les capa-<br />
Cités militaires <strong>de</strong> ft l'ennemi ancien<br />
(Irak) <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'ennemi nouveau<br />
(Irsn) II. Il a évité, toutefois,<br />
<strong>de</strong> répondre à toute question sur<br />
les rapports actuels existant entre<br />
Israël <strong>et</strong> l'Iran, dont la presse<br />
étrangère parle régulièrement<br />
--- -<br />
ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s négociations entre<br />
l'ancien directeur du ministère<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Affaires étrangères, M. Kimche<br />
(très mêlé à l'irangate) <strong>et</strong> les<br />
dirigeants iraniens au suj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
l'immigration <strong>de</strong>s juifs d'Iran.<br />
Des relations<br />
historiques<br />
Du point <strong>de</strong> vue historique<br />
l'amitié entre la Perse <strong>et</strong> le peu~<br />
pie juif dépasse largement les relations<br />
mentionnées par<br />
M. Rabin. Le r<strong>et</strong>our <strong>de</strong>s juifs en<br />
Terre Sainte <strong>et</strong> la reconstruction<br />
du temple avaient été, en eff<strong>et</strong><br />
autorisés par Cyrus en 538 avani<br />
Jésus-Christ <strong>et</strong> son fameux édit<br />
est .constam~ent mentionné en<br />
Israel à côté <strong>de</strong> la déclaration<br />
Balfour qui autorisa la création<br />
du « foyer national juif. à la fin<br />
<strong>de</strong> la PremièreGuerre mondiale.<br />
La collaboration entre Israël<br />
<strong>et</strong> le chah fut intense dans tous<br />
les domaines (dont celui <strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong><br />
aux rebelles <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s contre l'Irak)<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis les annèis 1950.Le ministre<br />
israélien lui-mêmo a rappelé'<br />
qu'en 1973, c'est l'Iran qui fournit<br />
à Israël son pétrole après avoir<br />
permis la construction du pipeline<br />
entre Eilat <strong>et</strong> la Méditerranée<br />
transportant, jusqu'à l'arrivée <strong>de</strong><br />
Khomeiny au pouvoir, le pétrole<br />
iranien vers l'Europe via Israël.<br />
Il est probable que même<br />
après la mise au point du minis-'<br />
tère <strong>de</strong> la Défense, les propos <strong>de</strong><br />
M. Rabin ne seront pas appréciés<br />
en Egypte - où le prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Moubarak vient <strong>de</strong> dénoncer les<br />
pays qui continuent à ai<strong>de</strong>r l'Iran<br />
- ni aux Etats-Unis où le rappel<br />
du conseil <strong>de</strong> ft négocier avec<br />
l'ennemi» pourrait être mal interprété.<br />
On pouvait y voir une critique<br />
<strong>de</strong> la politique anti-iranienne<br />
suivie par Washington dans le<br />
Golfe, pour tenter <strong>de</strong> remédier<br />
l'iran-<br />
aux conséquences <strong>de</strong> «<br />
gate» auprès <strong>de</strong>s pays arabes.<br />
R.B.<br />
Yitzhak Rabin: les liens hbloriques avec l'Iran.<br />
(Photugraphlc .\P.)<br />
9
PARLEMENT EUROPEEN<br />
26/30.10.1987 POUR UNE CHARTE EUROPEENNE DES LANGUES REGIONALES<br />
ET MINORITAIRES<br />
t<br />
(Rapport <strong>de</strong> M. Wi lly KUIJPERS (ARC, B), au nom <strong>de</strong> la<br />
commission <strong>de</strong> la jeunesse, <strong>de</strong> la culture, <strong>de</strong> l'éducation,<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'information <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sports - Doc. A2-150/87)<br />
Le rapport KUIJPERS se prononce pour un enseigne.ent<br />
officiel <strong>de</strong>s langues régionales <strong>et</strong> .inor;ta;res <strong>et</strong> la<br />
reconnaissance <strong>de</strong>s cours, classes <strong>et</strong> écoles créés par <strong>de</strong>s<br />
associations uti lisant ces langues co..e langue d'enseignellent<br />
g~néral.<br />
Pour la troisième fois, la commission <strong>de</strong> la jeunesse, <strong>de</strong><br />
l~ culture, <strong>de</strong> l'éducation, <strong>de</strong> l'information <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sports<br />
revient à la charge en <strong>de</strong>mandant la mise en oeuvre d'une<br />
Charte communautaire <strong>de</strong>s langues <strong>et</strong> cultures régionales <strong>et</strong><br />
d'une Charte <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong>s minorités <strong>et</strong>hniques, <strong>de</strong>mandées<br />
par le Parlement en 1981, ainsi que <strong>de</strong>s mesures en faveur<br />
<strong>de</strong>s langues <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s cu ltures minoritai res, réc lamées en<br />
1983.<br />
En premier lieu, les Etats membres <strong>de</strong>vraient reconnaître<br />
dans leurs dispositions constitutionnelles leurs éventuelles<br />
diversitês <strong>et</strong>hniques, culturelles <strong>et</strong> linguistiques.<br />
Au niveau <strong>de</strong>s Etats membres, <strong>de</strong>s mesures <strong>de</strong>vraient être<br />
prises en matière d'~nseignement: <strong>de</strong> réglementation<br />
administrative, <strong>de</strong> communication <strong>et</strong> d'information. Et <strong>de</strong><br />
.préconiser un enseignement officiel <strong>de</strong>s langues régionales.<br />
<strong>et</strong> minoritaires <strong>et</strong> la reconnaissance officielle <strong>de</strong>s cours,<br />
classes <strong>et</strong> écoles créés par <strong>de</strong>s associations qui utilisent<br />
comme langue d'enseignement général une langue régionale<br />
ou minoritaire.<br />
Des dispositions législatives <strong>de</strong>vraient être adoptées pour<br />
garantir le droit d'utiliser les langues régionales <strong>et</strong><br />
~;noritaires, prescrire leur usage dans les services<br />
décentralisés <strong>de</strong> l'Etat <strong>et</strong> autoriser l'inscription sur les<br />
listes électorales <strong>de</strong>s noms <strong>de</strong> lieu <strong>et</strong> autres indications<br />
établis dans les langues régionales ou minoritaires. Bien<br />
entendu, l'accès à la radiotélévision locale, régionale <strong>et</strong><br />
nationale <strong>de</strong>vrait être facilité. Et <strong>de</strong> préconiser le<br />
recours aux techniques <strong>de</strong> doublage <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> sous-titrage,<br />
propres à promouvoir les productions audiovisuelles dans<br />
.les langues régionales <strong>et</strong> minoritaires.<br />
Au niveau <strong>de</strong> la vie courante, le rapporteur recomman<strong>de</strong>.<br />
l'uti lisation <strong>de</strong>s langues régionales <strong>et</strong> minoritai res par<br />
les entreprises publiques (trafic postal), dans les transactions<br />
financières (chèques postaux <strong>et</strong> opérations bancaires),<br />
pour l'étiqu<strong>et</strong>age <strong>de</strong>s produits <strong>et</strong> sur les<br />
panneaux <strong>de</strong> signalisation routiire.<br />
Quant au Conseil <strong>et</strong> à la Commission, ils sont invités à<br />
promouvoi r .le "Bureau <strong>de</strong>s langues <strong>de</strong> moindre diffusion"<br />
(créé en 1982 à la suite d'une résolution du Parlement<br />
européen), en lui accordant <strong>de</strong>s crédits budgétaires suffisants.<br />
Signalons enfin que la commission <strong>de</strong> la jeunesse <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />
culture souhaite établir entre autres un raport sur les<br />
minorités d'outre-mer.<br />
10
t<br />
--TURKEY<br />
I<br />
i Torture has become an issue for public discussion in Turi<br />
key. Almost four years after a civilian government came to<br />
I power in November 1983, no effective measures have been<br />
! taken to prevent torture.<br />
! The Turkish authorities have<br />
I admitted thattorture takes place.<br />
but have repeatedly claimed that<br />
it is used only in isolated inci-<br />
I <strong>de</strong>nts. Despite the promise that all<br />
I complaints of torture are invesjtigated<br />
and t~at those responsible<br />
for torture wJlI be prosecuted. AI<br />
, has not observed any fundamen-<br />
I tal changes in the systematic and<br />
" wi<strong>de</strong>spread practice of torture.<br />
Torture of political d<strong>et</strong>ainees<br />
was already a major concern for<br />
AI before the military coup of 12<br />
September 1980. The numher of<br />
allegations of torture at any time<br />
appears to be directly related to<br />
the number of people d<strong>et</strong>ained.<br />
During an earlier period of military<br />
intervention. from 1970 to<br />
1973, when several thousand people<br />
were d<strong>et</strong>ained, AI received<br />
hundreds of allegations of torture<br />
and believed torture to be<br />
wi<strong>de</strong>spread and systematic. Fewer<br />
I<br />
)<br />
allegations were received during<br />
the mid-1970s, when there were<br />
fewer political prisoners. After the<br />
introduction of martial law in December<br />
1978, the number of cases<br />
of torture again began to grow.<br />
Following a research mission in<br />
May 1980 AI conclu<strong>de</strong>d that most<br />
people d<strong>et</strong>ained by the police and<br />
martial law authorities were tortured.<br />
and in some cases tortured<br />
to <strong>de</strong>ath.<br />
After a military coup in September<br />
1980 thcusands of people<br />
were taken into custody by the<br />
security forces. At the beginning<br />
of 1987 the number of people who<br />
had been taken into custody was<br />
estimated by the newly foun<strong>de</strong>d<br />
Human Rights Association in Turkey<br />
to be atleast240,OOO. The inci<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
of torture increased<br />
dramatically immediately after the<br />
coup. In subsequent years the<br />
number of torture allegations and<br />
\<br />
.--,<br />
I<br />
,<br />
\<br />
\<br />
'1<br />
reported <strong>de</strong>aths un<strong>de</strong>r torture<br />
gradually <strong>de</strong>creased. but only<br />
relatively. Continuing reports of<br />
torture during recent months point<br />
to the fact that the pattern has<br />
shown no significant change to the<br />
present day.<br />
M<strong>et</strong>hods<br />
The main purpose of torture in<br />
police custody appears to be to extract<br />
information and confessions.<br />
Ill-treatment in prisons, often in<br />
the form of routine beatings, is inten<strong>de</strong>d<br />
mainly to maintain discipline.<br />
In both prisons and police<br />
stations. the intimidation and humiliation<br />
of prisoners is an additional<br />
motive.<br />
For these purposes a whole vari<strong>et</strong>y<br />
of m<strong>et</strong>hods is used. Suspects<br />
are blindfol<strong>de</strong>d and handcuffed<br />
immediately after d<strong>et</strong>ention. Even<br />
common criminal suspects are<br />
stripped naked during interrogation<br />
and left like that, often after<br />
being hosed with ice-cold water,<br />
or left on the concr<strong>et</strong>e floors of<br />
cells in the harsh conditions of<br />
winter. l)<strong>et</strong>ainees are frequently<br />
kept hungry and thirsty, are<br />
prevented from sleeping for days<br />
and are forced to stand in tiring<br />
positions for long periods.<br />
The m<strong>et</strong>hod of torture most frequently<br />
applied is bastirwdo ifakllul,<br />
beatings on the soles of the<br />
fe<strong>et</strong>). The only equipment necessary<br />
is a chair and some rope (see<br />
illustration). Electric shock torture<br />
is applied using a hand generator.<br />
It is often combined with various<br />
sorts of hanging (see illustrationl<br />
Various forms of sexual abuse,<br />
insults and threats, including<br />
mock executions, are arn~ng the<br />
most,frequently applied of many<br />
other forms of cniel, inhuman and<br />
<strong>de</strong>grading treatment in Turkey.<br />
These drawings of prisoners being<br />
tortured are by a former police<br />
officer. The one below shows'<br />
bastinado, in which the prisoner is ,<br />
beaten on the soles of the fe<strong>et</strong>. This<br />
torture m<strong>et</strong>hod - also known as<br />
faJaka - is the most common. It requires<br />
no special equipment and<br />
leaves relatively few marks. The<br />
above drawing shows one of the<br />
many ways in which prisoners are<br />
SUSpen<strong>de</strong>d in or<strong>de</strong>r to cause pain.<br />
This m<strong>et</strong>hod is known as "Palestinian<br />
hanging".<br />
-> Il
File on Torture September 1987<br />
CELLS<br />
SECTIONS<br />
SHOWER ROOM<br />
."holl<br />
TORTURE<br />
EQUIPMENT<br />
~1Il""""O<br />
AIoB<br />
'Reer.. tlon<br />
-"<br />
SECTION<br />
Although people have been tortured in police stations and<br />
prisons of every type throughout Turkey, there are also<br />
buildings specially equipped for torture.<br />
Most of these places are well tigate the treatment of d<strong>et</strong>ainees in<br />
known. The US-based human these centres and take the necesrights<br />
group, Helsinki Watch sary steps.<br />
COmßÙttee, stated in March 1986: One of the best known torture<br />
"I was able to find the exact 10- centres is a place called DAL<br />
cation of the main torture centres (Devl<strong>et</strong> Arastirma Laburatuvari.<br />
in both cities" (Ankara and Istan- State Research Laboratory) in<br />
buJ). A government d<strong>et</strong>ermined to Ankara Police Headquarters. In<br />
eliminate torture would inves- April 1987 AI obtained a sk<strong>et</strong>ch<br />
A<br />
o<br />
CELLS<br />
o<br />
ḻion<br />
ENTRANCE<br />
A torture centre in Ankara. This sk<strong>et</strong>ch by former d<strong>et</strong>ainees shows the State Research Laboratory within Ankara<br />
Police Headquarters. The d<strong>et</strong>ainees - stu<strong>de</strong>nts held b<strong>et</strong>ween November 1986 and March 1987 -Indicate clearly<br />
a room where torture equipment is housed and used. A former prisoner of conscience tortured the,'e in 1981<br />
has confirmed the accuracy of the sk<strong>et</strong>ch. The passage b<strong>et</strong>ween Sections A and B is reported to be very low so<br />
people have to bend down to walk through, It can he closed off by an artificial wall camounaged with fire<br />
extinguishers to avoid unwanted entry.<br />
Torture centres<br />
(sui te)<br />
Deaths in custody<br />
Since the September 1980 coup AI has submitted to the<br />
authorities the narnes of more than 100people alleged to have<br />
died in custody since then. In reply AI has received information<br />
from the authorities on 82 of these cases. Most of<br />
the replies are less than satisfactory.<br />
Since the end of 1985 various September 1980, A report issued<br />
organizations in Turkey have is- by the Chief of the GeneraI Staffs<br />
sued lists of people who died in Office on 29 October 1982 stated<br />
custody. The prisoners named in- that investigations into 204 <strong>de</strong>aths<br />
elu<strong>de</strong> some who died as a result alleged to have been caused by<br />
of hunger-strikes or medical torture had d<strong>et</strong>ermined that in only<br />
neglect and some who committed four cases were the <strong>de</strong>aths caused<br />
suici<strong>de</strong>. Even so, the majority of by torture. In Aprill984 the sarne<br />
prisoners named in these lists ap- office announced that since the<br />
pear to have died as a result of first <strong>de</strong>claration of martial law in<br />
torture. December 1978 two people had<br />
In December 1985 Cüneyt Can- died as a result of torture ..<br />
ver, a Social Democrat Populist In April 1986 Yildirim Akbu-<br />
Party (SHP) member of parlia- lut, Minister of the Interior, anment,<br />
han<strong>de</strong>d over a list with 113 swering questions in parliament<br />
names to the presi<strong>de</strong>nt of parlia- said that there had been a total of<br />
ment during a <strong>de</strong>bate on the budg- 78 <strong>de</strong>aths during interrogation beel.<br />
One year later Fikri Saglar, tween 26 December 1978 and 31<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>ary General of the SHP, December 1985, but did not speci-<br />
~ubmilled a list of 253 names and fy the causes. In December 1986<br />
in February 1987 the Human the Minister of Justice. Mahmut<br />
Rights Association presented to OItan Sungurlu, stated that 13<br />
the press d<strong>et</strong>ailed information on <strong>de</strong>aths in custody had been caused<br />
149 cases. Twenty more names by torture or ill-treatment.<br />
were ad<strong>de</strong>d later. During the first six months of<br />
On 16 March 1982 the Minister 1987 AI received information on<br />
of State, Ilhan Öztrak, acknow- Il <strong>de</strong>aths in custody. Nine of<br />
ledged publicly that 15 people had them were alleged to have been<br />
died as a result of torture since caused by torture.<br />
12<br />
1:<br />
:i<br />
of DAL with Section A and Section<br />
B. where the torture equipment<br />
is housed, marked. It was<br />
drawn by stu<strong>de</strong>nts d<strong>et</strong>ained b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
November 1986 and March<br />
1987, The main elements of this<br />
sk<strong>et</strong>ch were confirmed by a former<br />
prisoner of conscience who had<br />
been tortured here in 1981. Except<br />
for the addition of a "recreation<br />
room" used to treat injuries<br />
before the prisoner's release or<br />
formal arrest by a court, nothing<br />
seems to have changed since then.<br />
For example, in February 1987<br />
the gendarmerie (armed rural<br />
police), while searching for Hasan<br />
Bayram, roun<strong>de</strong>d up members<br />
of his family in Pirinclik village<br />
near Diyarbakir and took them to<br />
the gendarmerie station. The next<br />
day Hasan Bayram's 70-year-old<br />
father, Zülfikar Bayram, died in<br />
hospital. His wife Esma Bayram<br />
says:<br />
"On 19 February gendarmes<br />
came to our house saying that they<br />
were looking for my son Hasan<br />
who is on the run. Everyone in the<br />
family was beater.. They took us,<br />
my husband Zülfikar Bayram and<br />
the children, to the gendarmerie<br />
station where they beat us and hit<br />
us with the butts of their rifles.<br />
My husband, who was seriously<br />
injured, and I were taken to hospital,<br />
where he died, .. An autopsy<br />
will provi<strong>de</strong> proof that torture<br />
caused his <strong>de</strong>ath. A medical examination<br />
of the other members<br />
of the family who are still in custody<br />
[on 22 February] should be<br />
done ...<br />
The <strong>de</strong>ath of Mehm<strong>et</strong> Kalkan<br />
on 14 June 1987 in the hands of<br />
the Diyarbakir Directorate of the<br />
Rapid Forces (special branch of<br />
the police) led to a three-day<br />
hunger-strike of political prisoners<br />
in Diyarbakir Military Prison.<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Kalkan escaped from<br />
AI on torture in<br />
Turkey<br />
Quotations from AI reports<br />
May 1984: File on<br />
Tonure:<br />
"The Turkish authorities have<br />
persisted in the torture of prisoner
t<br />
"<br />
File on Torture SeJlt~mber 1987<br />
(suite)<br />
Torture in southeastern<br />
Turkey<br />
Another dimension of the<br />
problem of torture and iIltreatment<br />
in Turkey is illustrated<br />
by the situation in the<br />
southeast. Armed clashes b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Kurdish guerrilla<br />
troops and the Turkish seeu- .<br />
rit y forces have led to more<br />
than 700 <strong>de</strong>aths in less than<br />
three years since August<br />
1984.<br />
AI received oral and written testimonies<br />
of whole villages being<br />
roun<strong>de</strong>d up by the security forces<br />
and the Kurdish population being<br />
beaten by members of the gendarmerie<br />
or army searching for guerrillas<br />
and their supporters. Four<br />
people are alleged to have died as<br />
a result of torture b<strong>et</strong>ween February<br />
and June 1987.<br />
A report in the newspaper Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong><br />
of 6 May 1987 refers to<br />
events in Güzelöz village in the<br />
district of Gercüs, Mardin<br />
province. The inhabitants said:<br />
"On 9 April the gendarmerie<br />
came into our village and roun<strong>de</strong>d<br />
the men up in the school<br />
playground b<strong>et</strong>ween 3 and 4 pm.<br />
They took 12 people to the gendarmerie<br />
station in Vias. They<br />
were stripped naked and beaten<br />
until 3 in the morning. Their eyes<br />
were blindfol<strong>de</strong>d and they were<br />
handcuffed. Then they were s<strong>et</strong><br />
free.<br />
"The next day 500 gendarmes<br />
came to the village and once again<br />
roun<strong>de</strong>d up the men in the school<br />
playground. The gendarmes<br />
searched all the houses but did not<br />
find anything. They took the men<br />
insi<strong>de</strong> the school and beat them.<br />
The beatings went on until3 pm.<br />
During this time one of us was<br />
stripped naked [Hüseyin C<strong>et</strong>in]<br />
and shown from the wincow of<br />
the school.<br />
"Four children of our village<br />
were asked where the bandits<br />
were and given electric shocks to<br />
the mouths. Their mouths bled<br />
and they had to be given medical<br />
treatment. "<br />
Testimony of torture<br />
"Worse than the physical torture, I was subjected to psychological<br />
torture, much more cruel and shameful for<br />
mankind.<br />
"As well as the threat: •If you do not speak, we will torture<br />
your daughter' in the presence of my two-year-old daughter<br />
in the torture chamber, I lived through the agony of<br />
listening to the cries ofher mother, who was tortured in the<br />
d<strong>et</strong>ention and interrogation cell at Gayr<strong>et</strong>tepe First Branch<br />
(Istanbul Political Police), unable to calm our weeping<br />
daughter.<br />
"Making <strong>de</strong>grading threats, they<br />
tortured my wife at my si<strong>de</strong>. I<br />
have seen a police truncheon in<br />
her anus. Can I and those like me,<br />
who have been subjected to such<br />
<strong>de</strong>grading and inhuman treatment,<br />
ever forg<strong>et</strong> all this?<br />
"I do not know how many<br />
times I was hung up by my fe<strong>et</strong>,<br />
or in the crucifix position, with<br />
my hands tied at the front or behind<br />
my back. Som<strong>et</strong>imes I was<br />
kept hanging for minutes, som<strong>et</strong>imes<br />
for hours. I imagine that the<br />
periods, when my shoul<strong>de</strong>r bla<strong>de</strong>s<br />
pressed against my chest, when I<br />
had difficulty in breathing, when<br />
I lost all feeling in my arms and<br />
could nottouch the floor, amount<br />
to a total of several days.<br />
"During this time I was beaten<br />
up and given electric shocks while<br />
suspen<strong>de</strong>d in the air. My armpits<br />
were cut as if with a razor bla<strong>de</strong><br />
.. .I lived through days when<br />
electric shocks given to the toes,<br />
the sexualorgans and the hands<br />
and ears all seemed to converge<br />
in the belly of a human being.<br />
Only someone who has gone<br />
through the torture centres can<br />
know what it means when lightning<br />
strikes in the belly of a human<br />
being ... "<br />
Kemal Bilg<strong>et</strong>, a teacher, and his<br />
wife were d<strong>et</strong>ained on 17 June<br />
1986 in Elazig. Al sought assurances<br />
that they would not be tortured<br />
pr ill-treated in d<strong>et</strong>ention.<br />
The Ministry of Justice replied in<br />
February 1987 that Kemal Bilg<strong>et</strong><br />
was one of the <strong>de</strong>fendants in a trial<br />
at Istanbul State Security Court,<br />
charged with membership of an<br />
illegal organization called TKEP<br />
(Turkish Communist Workers'<br />
Party). Allegations of torture had<br />
been raised but found groundless;<br />
Kemal Bilg<strong>et</strong>, second from the right, ma<strong>de</strong> d<strong>et</strong>ailed torture allegaticms at<br />
Istanbul State Security Court. He was also forced to watch his wife being<br />
tortured.<br />
Theatre director Yilmaz Onay,<br />
who was d<strong>et</strong>ained in December<br />
1986. He testified that he had<br />
been tortured for three days insi<strong>de</strong><br />
Ankara Police Headquarters.<br />
therefore the investigation into<br />
them had been stopped by the<br />
prosecutor.<br />
Kemal Bilg<strong>et</strong> says that he was<br />
subjected to torture in Elazig and<br />
Istanbul for a total of one month.<br />
He saw a doctor only many<br />
months later, y<strong>et</strong> in a report dated<br />
7 August 1986 issued by the<br />
Health Committee of Elazig State<br />
Hospital signs of the torture were<br />
documented.<br />
The above testimony is from<br />
Kemal Bilg<strong>et</strong>'s statement at his<br />
court hearing on 15 January 1987.<br />
Refik Baytar, a grammar school<br />
stu<strong>de</strong>nt from Batman, who says<br />
he was tortured for 12 days in<br />
SUrt and Batman poUce stations<br />
in January 1987.<br />
-><br />
13
File on Torture September 1987<br />
III-treatment<br />
What you can dn<br />
(sui te)<br />
in prison<br />
After new regulations for the treatment of prisoners in<br />
military prisons were introduced on 30 September 1986 the<br />
situation in prisons seemed to have improved slightly, but<br />
since April 1987 new allegations of ill-treatment in military<br />
prisons have been received.<br />
In a press conference on 1 April<br />
relatives of prisoners in Istanbul<br />
claimed that prisoners in M<strong>et</strong>ris<br />
Military Prison were being iIItreated.<br />
As a recent example they<br />
claimed that six <strong>de</strong>fendants in a<br />
political trial at Istanbul Military<br />
Court had been stripped naked<br />
and beaten un<strong>de</strong>r the pr<strong>et</strong>ext of a<br />
routine search. The six were accused<br />
of being members of the<br />
TKP/ML, Turkish Communist<br />
Party /Marxist- Leninist.<br />
In June 1987 inmates of Sagmalcilar<br />
Prison in Istanbul were<br />
beaten after they refused to wear<br />
Sexual<br />
abuse<br />
chains on their way to court. Their<br />
court hearings are now proceeding<br />
in their absence.<br />
In Adana. mothers of political<br />
prisoners complained at the J>eginning<br />
of June 1987 that their sons,<br />
Ayhan Karmis. Ali Nurdogan<br />
Köroglu and Haydar Karadag,<br />
had been been tortured in Adana<br />
Closed Prison because they had<br />
refused to sing the national anthem<br />
and to participate in prayers<br />
during meals. Zeliha Karmis<br />
claimed that her son had suffered<br />
internal bleeding and that she had<br />
seen blood coming from his ear.<br />
"We have youngsters aged 20 and 21 at our disposal,<br />
hard as a rock. If they want to torture a girl<br />
sexually ... why should they feel the need for a<br />
truncheon?"<br />
Former General Turgut Sunalp, October 1985<br />
In view of the persistent evi<strong>de</strong>nce of torture in Turkey AI<br />
believes that the Turkish Government should implement the<br />
following measures:<br />
.The highest authorities in<br />
Turkey should issue clear public<br />
instructions that torture will not<br />
be tolerated un<strong>de</strong>r any circumstances.<br />
.Rather than issuing unverifiable<br />
<strong>de</strong>nials in the face of torture allegations,<br />
the Turkish Government<br />
should establish an impartial body<br />
to investigate all complaints and<br />
reports of torture. Ils findings and<br />
m<strong>et</strong>hods of investigation should be<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> public.<br />
.Relatives and lawyers should be<br />
informed promptly of the whereabouts<br />
of d<strong>et</strong>ainees and have<br />
prompt and regular access to them.<br />
.Steps should be taken to ensure<br />
that confessions or other evi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
obtained through torture may<br />
never be invoked in legal<br />
14<br />
.'I was taken to Yenimahalle to force the stu<strong>de</strong>nt to assault me<br />
Police Station. My eyes were sexually. As I could not stand<br />
blindfol<strong>de</strong>d and I was taken to it, I agreed to sign that<br />
a place I do not know. Here I statement. "<br />
was stripped naked. First I was Nilufer Aydur is one of<br />
hosed with ice-cold water and hundreds of stu<strong>de</strong>nts arrested in<br />
given electric shocks. They April 1987 after wi<strong>de</strong>spread<br />
wanted me to sign a statement, protests against restrictions on<br />
but I refused. stu<strong>de</strong>nt associations. Her tes-<br />
"Thereupon they locked me timony comes from a trial, in<br />
in a single cell with a male stu- May 1987, of 141 stu<strong>de</strong>nts at<br />
<strong>de</strong>nt. We were both stripped Ankara State Security Court.<br />
naked. Un<strong>de</strong>r torture they tried<br />
proceedings.<br />
.The Turkish Government<br />
should sign and ratify the UN<br />
Convention Against Torture and<br />
Other Cruel. Inhuman or Degrading<br />
Treatment or Punishment<br />
which entered into force on 26<br />
June 1987. Criminal proceedings<br />
should be instituted against alleged<br />
torturers, as called for in the<br />
UN Convention.<br />
.Please write to the authorities<br />
urging them to take effective steps<br />
to stop torture and in particular to<br />
implement these measures. Send<br />
your l<strong>et</strong>ters to: Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Kenan<br />
Evren/Office of the Presi<strong>de</strong>nt!<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong> Baskanligi/ Anlcaraffurkey;<br />
and: Turgut Özal / Office of the<br />
Prime Minister / Basbakanlik /<br />
Ankara/Turkey.O<br />
Criminal suspect<br />
tortured<br />
"On 31 January 1987 I was ar-<br />
Icsted while driving my taxi.<br />
Shortly after we had arrived at the<br />
police station they applied<br />
bastiruuJo (beatings on the soles of<br />
the fe<strong>et</strong>) to me. They fixed my<br />
legs to a stick with a rope and<br />
tightened it by turning it five or<br />
six times.<br />
"The first day I was beaten day<br />
and night and then I was taken to<br />
a cell for one person. I got nothing<br />
to eat or drink and I was not<br />
allowed to go to the toil<strong>et</strong>. They<br />
were swearing at me all the time.<br />
"On the second day I was<br />
sleeping in my cell when they arrived<br />
at around 2 or 3 am. They<br />
took me handcuffed and blindfol<strong>de</strong>d<br />
to another room. Here they<br />
stripped me naked and tied one of<br />
my fe<strong>et</strong> and my hands to som<strong>et</strong>hing.<br />
Again they beat me and<br />
squeezed my testicles so that I<br />
screamed the whole time.<br />
"On the third day they told me<br />
to confess to the crime or I would<br />
have electric shocks applied to<br />
me. They took me to a room and<br />
asked me to undress. Although I<br />
resisted they took off all my<br />
clothes and fixed a cable to my little<br />
finger and applied electricity<br />
until I fainted. I could admit to<br />
nothing because I knew nothing,<br />
but they ma<strong>de</strong> me sign a statement.<br />
In court I learned that it was<br />
about a woman whose money had<br />
been stolen."<br />
Testimony of Ihsan Allabucak.<br />
Threats<br />
and torture<br />
"'I was d<strong>et</strong>ained on 24 December<br />
1986 in Ankara. They also<br />
took my wife to the police station.<br />
I immediately admitted to<br />
stealing a car because I had really<br />
done that. I asked them to<br />
release my wife and my sister.<br />
They immediately beat me and<br />
said: "You have a record of po-<br />
Iitical crime and at your home<br />
we have found banned publications;<br />
you are still involved in<br />
political activities.'. I said that<br />
I had been imprisoned for eight<br />
years for political crime, but<br />
that possession of individual<br />
banned books was not forbid<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
They said: 'You know too<br />
much.'<br />
"I was taken to the torture<br />
room while being beaten. There<br />
I was subjected to hanging, electric<br />
shocks and the bastinado<br />
(beatings on the soles of the<br />
fe<strong>et</strong>). They also swore at me the<br />
whole time. This lasted for<br />
about an hour. They had a break<br />
and just when I thought the torture<br />
had stopped they started<br />
again.<br />
"For five days we were ~or-<br />
Serhat Sirnsek, presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the stu<strong>de</strong>nts'<br />
association at the machine<br />
faculty at Istanbul Technical<br />
Universitv. He was held incommunicad~<br />
for 2S days by the political<br />
police in January 1987. He said<br />
he had not only been tortured himself,<br />
but had witnessed the torture<br />
of others too.<br />
"Because torture has become<br />
a profound and<br />
wi<strong>de</strong>spread political tool it<br />
is difficult to erase its<br />
roots. . • Therefore the<br />
authorities are <strong>de</strong>fending<br />
torture and trying to hi<strong>de</strong><br />
it."<br />
Journalist llhan Seleuk,<br />
February 1986<br />
tured, Il times in all. I only admitted<br />
stealing a car. They<br />
wanted me and my brother-inlaw<br />
to admit to another robbery<br />
and political activities.<br />
"On the evening of the sixth<br />
day they blindfol<strong>de</strong>d me and<br />
took me to the torture room.<br />
Here they said that I must admit<br />
to the political activities or<br />
the robbery or they would torture<br />
my wife in front of me. I<br />
said that I had done nothing like<br />
that and could not admit it. They<br />
told me to open my eyes and<br />
took away my blindfold and I<br />
saw my sister whose eyes and<br />
face were swollen. I shouted but<br />
I was held by four or five<br />
policemen.<br />
"Then they blindfol<strong>de</strong>d my<br />
sister and started to beat her and<br />
take her clothes off. I went wild<br />
and kicked at the policemen. An<br />
officer said that they should g<strong>et</strong><br />
my wife as well. I could not<br />
stand this torture inflicted on my<br />
sister and said I would admit to<br />
everything ...<br />
Testimony of Namik Konyalioglu.<br />
t
.,<br />
,<br />
10"<br />
CIl<br />
_~ amnesty<br />
c.tf international<br />
IN flRNATIQNAL SECRETARIAl<br />
1 t3ston S,tre<strong>et</strong> London WC 1X 8DJ<br />
unl1(:(' r,If,Yéj',Jr!l<br />
EXTERNAL (for general distribution)<br />
16 September 1987<br />
Further information on UA 09/86 (MDE 14/02/86 20 January 1986,<br />
MOE 14/01/87 25 February 1987) - Death penalty/Torture/Death in<br />
custody<br />
IRAQ: 300 children and youths<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
On 14 September 1987 the Iraqi Embassy in the United Kingdom<br />
respon<strong>de</strong>d to Amnesty International's urgent appeals on behalf of<br />
300 children and youths reported to have been arrested in<br />
Sulaimaniya in northernIraq b<strong>et</strong>ween late September and mid-October<br />
1985, 29 of whom were later reported to have been executed.<br />
The l<strong>et</strong>ter stated that the Iraqi authorities "<strong>de</strong>ny these<br />
allegations as totally false and baseless". However, they<br />
confirmed the execution of seven youths named in the further<br />
information issued on Amnesty International's Urgent Action<br />
(MDE 14/01/87 25 February 1987). They were Shamal 'Abdallah Rashid<br />
(born 1966, from Kaniskan), Aka Rashid Faraj (born 1966, from<br />
Shwarbakh), Taha Ibrahim Hussain (born 1967, from Bakhtiyari),<br />
Nizar Nuri Ahmad (born 1964 - according to the Iraqi authorities'<br />
l<strong>et</strong>ter his year of birth was 1967 - from Sarchinar), Aso 'Ali Rahim<br />
(born 1967, from Majeed Bag), Salam Sa'i~ Ramadan (born 1967, from<br />
Shwarbakh) and 'Abdallah 'Ali Sharief (born 1967, from Majeed Bag).<br />
The authorities stated that they had "committed criminal and<br />
subversive acts using arms and explosives against innocent<br />
civilians as well as public and private properties and<br />
establishments ••• Therefore, and being adults according to Iraqi<br />
laws, they were tried by a special court where all judicial and<br />
legal guarantees were fully respected, including the right to have<br />
a court-appointed lawyer to <strong>de</strong>fend them. They were found guilty<br />
and (sentenced to <strong>de</strong>ath) ••• ". Another youth. also named in<br />
Amnesty International's Urgent Action, Azad Yusuf 'Omar (born 1968,<br />
from Majeed Bag) was said to have been "sentenced to life imprisonment<br />
due to his special case." The authorities did not indicate<br />
what was special about his case.<br />
The l<strong>et</strong>ter continued. "With regard to the rest of the (29)<br />
names we once again <strong>de</strong>ny and disregard the allegations ma<strong>de</strong> about<br />
them. and we believe that the Iranian hostile regime and (its)<br />
clique (are) behind such false and unfoun<strong>de</strong>d allegations, claims,<br />
aiming at discrediting and <strong>de</strong>faming Iraq's reputation and its<br />
international position and stands."<br />
Further recommen<strong>de</strong>d action: Telexes/telegrams/airmail l<strong>et</strong>ters:<br />
- expressing regr<strong>et</strong> about these executions;<br />
- asking for d<strong>et</strong>ailed information on the judicial procedures followed<br />
during their trial by special court:<br />
- asking for further clarification about the "special case" of Azad<br />
Yusuf Omar,<br />
- in l<strong>et</strong>ters, reiterating concern at reports that some of the children<br />
and youths were tortured or ill-treated following arrest and that<br />
several of them died as a result of such treatment. urging the Iraqi<br />
government to investigate these reports and make publi= its findingsJ<br />
- seeking information on the status and whereabouts of those still in<br />
d<strong>et</strong>ention and calling for the immediate release of all such children<br />
and youths held on the basis of the political activities of their<br />
parents or relatives.<br />
APPEALS TO:<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussain<br />
Baghdad<br />
Iraq<br />
Telegrams: as above<br />
Telex: 212299 alqasr ik<br />
Tariq 'Aziz<br />
Minister of Foreign Affairs<br />
Ministry of Foreign Affairs<br />
Baghdad, Iraq<br />
Telegrams: Foreign Minister<br />
'Aziz, Baghdad, Iraq<br />
Telex: 212201 min for a ik<br />
212213 akharjia ik<br />
Copies to:<br />
Dr Riyad Aziz Hadi<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Iraqi Human Rights Association<br />
PO Box 6186<br />
Baghdad, Iraq<br />
Samir Muhammad Abd aI-Wahab<br />
Minister of Interior<br />
Ministry of Interior<br />
Baghdad, Iraq<br />
Or Mundhir Ibrahim Shawi<br />
Minister of Justic~<br />
Ministry of Justice<br />
Baghdad. Iraq<br />
Telegrams: Justice Minister Shawi,<br />
Baghdad. Iraq<br />
PLEASE ORGANIZE APPEALS FROM CHILDREN'S/YOUTH GROUPS.,<br />
Telegrams: Interior Minister aI-Wahab,<br />
Baghdad, Iraq<br />
and to diplomatic representatives of Iraq in your country.<br />
PLEASE SEND APPEALS IMMEDIATELY. Check with the International<br />
Secr<strong>et</strong>ariat, or your section office. if sending appeals after 28 October 1987.
Sydney<br />
Morning<br />
Herald<br />
03.10.1987<br />
i, YVONNE PRESTON.<br />
H... ld CO.... pond.nt<br />
ISTANBUL, Friday: A<br />
French 10uriSI gui<strong>de</strong> has been<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rarresl in Turkey since June<br />
18 accused of promoling Armenian<br />
and Kurdish separalism.<br />
Afler repealed poslponemenls,<br />
Ihe gui<strong>de</strong>, Mr Michael CeraminOI,faces<br />
lrial on OClober 5.<br />
Il 1111began when Mr Cerami.<br />
nOI ç.me 10 Turkey in June wilh<br />
20 !DuriSls, accompanied by a<br />
Turkish lourisl gui<strong>de</strong>.<br />
• The Turkish gui<strong>de</strong> reported<br />
,<br />
Turks to tryFrench gui<strong>de</strong> for separatism<br />
Mr ('eramlnOI 10 the authorities trallC elections sm ce Ihe mlhtary minorities and share bor<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
because he claimed Ihal Mr coup in 1980 are due 10 be held Wilh Tuckey<br />
Cerami.nol ha~ said Ihal hislori- o~ ~ovember .1 and tog<strong>et</strong>her Turkish ~ulhorities daim Ihe'<br />
tal art.lfacts 10 lhe area were wllh ilS h~man ~ghls record Ihey Iwo Gulf Siales are failing ((.<br />
. A... enlan and had argued for are perceived as Importanl <strong>de</strong>I er- . "<br />
separale Slales for Armenians minanls in any <strong>de</strong>cision laken by pohce chelr Si<strong>de</strong> of che bor<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
and KurJ.i. ~';l ~Iro.l o1llllllvl "'-'as . . allOWing Kurd.lsh .terroClSls 10<br />
ed the European COmmunlly on cross and lerronse Villages.<br />
..frresl . Turkey's applicalion for full .<br />
Mr Ceraminol's relatives, who membership. A massacre 10 June followed a<br />
have Iwic:e ,,?me to Turkey only BUClhe Kurdish issue is a very resolutron ,!f lhe European Par-<br />
10 find hiS Inal poslponed, ha~e s.'nsilive one for Turkey. Unlike ha ment which talle~ on Tu.rke~<br />
claimed thallhe Turkish gUi<strong>de</strong> s (reeks, Armenians and Jews, 10 acknowledge ~enocl<strong>de</strong><br />
French is poor ,,;nd lhal he was the Kurds are nO( a prolected agalOsl Ihe Armentans ~fter<br />
on bad lerm~ wllh Ih~ accu~ed <strong>et</strong>hnic minorily un<strong>de</strong>r Ihe Turk- World, War.1 and <strong>de</strong>s~tlbed<br />
man, who obJecled 10 him lakmg ish Constilulion. Turkey s <strong>de</strong>n.lal of Ihe. eXistente<br />
tommission from carpel sellers. Even the name Kurd cannol of Ihe Kurdish question as ~n<br />
DiplomaiS in ~nkara are be ~sed in Turkey; Ihey are ,"sur~ounlable obstacle to ilS<br />
reported 10.be havmg difficulty known as Mountain Turks. Eco- actesslon to Ihe EC.<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rslandmg why a Frenchman nomitally neglected, mosl do nOI The resolution was billerly<br />
would want to spread separal~sl seek an in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nl homeland resenled here. Turkey claims Ihe<br />
views to French toutlsls 10 bUlto g<strong>et</strong> a b<strong>et</strong>ter.<strong>de</strong>al from Ihe massacre by Kurdish lerrorisls<br />
Turkey. Government. from across Ihe bor<strong>de</strong>r was<br />
The case tould cause problems The Kurdish problem has been directly allributable 10 Ihe action<br />
for che ISlanbu! Governmenl exaterbatcd by Ihe Gulf War.. oflhe European Parliamenl.<br />
abroad. Turkey s first <strong>de</strong>mo- Iran and Iraq bolh have Kurdish. Mr Michael Ceraminol<br />
Oelober 1987<br />
Amnesty International<br />
Turkey<br />
Publisher jailed for<br />
36 years<br />
Recep Marasli, a 31-year-old Kurd,<br />
has been semenced to 36 years in<br />
prison, mainly because he published<br />
books aboul lhe Kurdish minority in<br />
Turkey.<br />
There are eight million Kurds<br />
living in Turkey, but this <strong>et</strong>hnic minorüy<br />
is nOl officially recognized by the<br />
authorilies and is not allowed a separate<br />
cultural i<strong>de</strong>mily. Public use of the<br />
Kurdish language is prohibited.<br />
Recep Marasli began working as a<br />
publisher in 1975 wilh the Komal<br />
Publishing House which specialized in<br />
books about the Kurdish minority. In<br />
1978 he was arrested and d<strong>et</strong>ained for<br />
eighl months because of his work. He<br />
bought the company in 1979 bUI it<br />
closed following lhe imposition of<br />
martiallaw in 1980.<br />
Recep Marasll, a publisher. IS serving senlences<br />
of 36 years lor publishing<br />
books aboul<br />
Ihe Kurdish <strong>et</strong>hniC mlnonly In Turkey and tor<br />
alleqed seoarallSI activities<br />
Recep Marasli was d<strong>et</strong>ained again<br />
in January 1982. He was convicted<br />
before a series of military courts in<br />
Istanbul and Diyarbakir on charges<br />
appears 10 have b<strong>et</strong>ome caught<br />
up il) Ihis complex maze.<br />
BUllEflNi<br />
including "weakening nalional feelings",<br />
"jnsulring the memory of<br />
Ataturk" and '''inciting separatism".<br />
In one Irial he was sentenced to<br />
two years for the <strong>de</strong>fence statemem<br />
ma<strong>de</strong> during his previous Irial. His<br />
prison sentences now add up to 36<br />
years, to be served consecutively. All<br />
have been upheld by the Military<br />
Court of Appeal.<br />
Recep Marasli took pan in several<br />
hunger-strikes at Diyarbakir military<br />
prison in protest against lorture and<br />
inhuman prison tonditions. During<br />
lhe last hunger-strike. ending in March<br />
1984, he became critically ill and was<br />
hospitalized. He remains in poor<br />
health.<br />
Please send courleous appeals for<br />
his immediate and uncondilional<br />
release to:<br />
Prime Minister Turgnl Ozal<br />
Basbakanlik<br />
Ankara<br />
Turkey<br />
16<br />
Inmates or Diyarbakir military prison in Turkey. Many Turkish prisoners<br />
h:n-e been sentenced to spend years behind bars for exen..i~ing their rir,ht<br />
10 rrtt:dom of expreMion. Over 48,000 political pri.wncr~ ha\c bt'l"n !ten-<br />
.~enced.after unfair lrials by military courts since martial hm was imposed.<br />
Publisher jailed for 36 years<br />
Reccp Marasli, a Kurd, has been sentenced to 36 years in prSm,<br />
mainly bl'Cause he published books about the Kurdish minority<br />
in Turkey.<br />
There are some eight million<br />
Kurds living in Turkey. bUlthis<br />
elhnic minority is not officially<br />
recognized by .he aUlhorities<br />
and is not allowed aseparale<br />
cultural i<strong>de</strong>ntity. Public USeof<br />
lhe Kurdish language is prohibited.<br />
Recep Marasli, who is 31, began<br />
his career as a publisher in<br />
1975 by working in Komal Publishing<br />
House - which specialized<br />
in books about the Kurdish<br />
minorily. In 1978 he was arresled<br />
and <strong>de</strong>lained for eight months<br />
because of his work bUl nevertheless<br />
boughlthe company lhe<br />
following year. The company<br />
was closed in 1980 when marliai<br />
law was imposed.<br />
Recep Marasli was d<strong>et</strong>ained<br />
again in January 1982. and has<br />
smce been convicled in military<br />
couns in Istanbul and Diyarbakir<br />
on such charges as<br />
"weakening nalional feelings",<br />
"insulring the memory of AtalUrk"<br />
and "inciling 10<br />
separatism" .<br />
In one trial he was sentented<br />
10 two years for Ihe <strong>de</strong>fenc:e<br />
stalement ma<strong>de</strong> during his<br />
p'revious trial. His prison sentences<br />
now add up to 36 years<br />
- 10 be served consecutively.<br />
All have been upheld by lhe<br />
Military Coun of Appeal.<br />
He look pan in several<br />
hunger-slrikes al Diyarbakir<br />
military prison in prolest against<br />
torture and inhuman prison oonditions.<br />
During the lasl hungerstrike,<br />
which en<strong>de</strong>d in March<br />
1984, he was taken 10 hospital<br />
in a crilical condition. Sin
, .. THE WASHINGTON TIMES 06.10.1987<br />
Iraq razes villages,<br />
res<strong>et</strong>tles its Kurds<br />
By Samlr F Ghattas<br />
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS<br />
cort. The main highway b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
BAGHDAD - Iraqi forces have Baghdad and the north is closed<br />
<strong>de</strong>stroyed hundreds of Kurdish villages<br />
ln northern Iraq and diplomats sons."<br />
from dusk to dawn for "security rea-<br />
say thousands of Kurds have been Arab and Western diplomats said<br />
.res<strong>et</strong>tled in a campaign against Kurdish villages have been dynamited<br />
and bulldozed by security<br />
Iranian-backed guerrillas.<br />
The diplomats, from both Western forces and their populations res<strong>et</strong>tled<br />
in the south. The Kurdish fac-<br />
and Arab countries, said the Iraqi<br />
dnve IS led by Ali Hassan al.Maiid, tions charge that Iraqi warplanes attack<br />
villages suspected of harboring<br />
a cousm of Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam Hussem<br />
sent to the turbulent Kurdistan guerrillas and use chemical bombs.<br />
region earlier this year to crush the<br />
The charges cannot all be confirmed,<br />
but Iran's state-run televi-<br />
guernlla offensive. .<br />
Reports are hard to confirm because<br />
correspon<strong>de</strong>nts, diplomats it said was an air strike on a village.<br />
sion recently showed a film of what<br />
and other observers are not allowed It showed bodies of civilians strewn<br />
mto tt1C JlfJrih \\':thout a miiitary es. on the ru ined stre<strong>et</strong>s.<br />
man<strong>de</strong>rs who say the campaign has<br />
antagonized Kurdish villagers,<br />
driven them to aid the guerrillas and<br />
failed to stop the guerrilla attacks,<br />
diplomats reported.<br />
Kurdish guerrillas backed by<br />
Iran, Iraq's enemy in the 7-year-ld<br />
Gulf War, have been escalating their<br />
attacks since March, forcing Bagh.<br />
dad to divert troops badly nee<strong>de</strong>d at<br />
the front.<br />
Iraqi officials <strong>de</strong>cline all comment<br />
on the guerrilla war and the<br />
militaryoperations against the<br />
Kurds.<br />
Maj. Gen. 1àleh aI-Douri, com.<br />
man<strong>de</strong>r of the 5th Army Corps based<br />
in northern Iraq. told Iraqi reporters<br />
Most diplomats doubt there have<br />
been mass killings. They said casualties<br />
were believed to be minimal<br />
because villagers are or<strong>de</strong>red out of<br />
their homes before the homes arc<br />
<strong>de</strong>molished.<br />
Mr. al-Majid's operations have all'<br />
~ered some nOl'lhern military coman<br />
Sept. 21 during a governmentguiuc:d<br />
vi::.it ~o 1:1t: reg:on thëai.K:JfJ.<br />
ish rebels were carrying out "sabotage<br />
raids." But he <strong>de</strong>nied there<br />
was a major guerrilla offensive and<br />
said the attacks were "minor inci<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
carried out by bandits."<br />
The.diplomats say the mountain<br />
war in the north is a growing problem<br />
for Mr. Hussein. Iran's official<br />
news media report almost daily<br />
against military convoys and garri.<br />
sons.<br />
The guerrillas, who seek an<br />
autonomous homeland, claim to have<br />
killed thousands of Iraqis, captured<br />
hundreds and seized control of a<br />
large area of Kurdistan.<br />
The fighters, known as Peshmergas,<br />
or "those who face <strong>de</strong>ath;' have<br />
cut highways and kidnapped foreigners<br />
and local lea<strong>de</strong>rs for ransom<br />
or supplies, diplomats said.<br />
Their campaign threatens Iraq's<br />
big Kirkuk ail fields and two oil pipelines<br />
to Mediterranean terminals in<br />
Thrkey that carry about 1.5 million<br />
barrels a day.<br />
FINANCIAL<br />
TIMES<br />
13.10.1987<br />
Kurds seize<br />
Italians<br />
in Iraq<br />
AN IRAQI Kurdl.b IrouP •• Id<br />
ye.lerd.y Il b.d IIldD'Pped<br />
tbree It.U.D eDIIDeer. ID<br />
DortberD Ir.q 'Dd <strong>de</strong>m.a<strong>de</strong>d<br />
tbe wltbdr.",.1 of liaJlu .bl ...<br />
from tbe Gulf, AP reporta from<br />
Beirut<br />
Tbe IIroup, caillaI tt.elf<br />
"Tbe Kurdl.tu Iraqi N.Uoaal<br />
Ualoa" aald Il aebeci Üle three<br />
"ia prole.t at tile liaJlu aid to<br />
Üle Iraqi rellme ud the liaJlaa<br />
military presence In the<br />
walen olthe Gulf:<br />
Tbe c1.lm .... m.<strong>de</strong> In •<br />
type-wrillen stalemenl In AnIbic<br />
<strong>de</strong>Uyered to an InlerD.Uonal<br />
ne"'. 'lIeaey ln Beirut. The<br />
st3leme"t named tbe three<br />
liaJian .... MI' Glaccoce Mlael-<br />
U, MI' Ch.rordl Clcyupl ud<br />
MI'P1iaJ Louis Roberto.<br />
Tbe und.ted st.tement,<br />
wblcb started ",lib 'In tbe<br />
name or God tbe mercillal, tbe<br />
comp •• slon.te', did aot s.y<br />
wben or ho", tbe tbree were<br />
seized. 'Tbe eondUloal for<br />
tbelr release .re .n end to Ual-<br />
I.n .Id to lbe Iraqi regime .nd<br />
the wltbdr.wal of ItaUan military<br />
.bl ... from the Gulf,' tile<br />
.stalemeat .d<strong>de</strong>d.<br />
Italy I.. t .....nth <strong>de</strong>el<strong>de</strong>d to<br />
send 'D ellbt-ye •• el ffirce,<br />
whlcb Indud ... three frIp&ea<br />
.nd tIlree mine.weepen, to the<br />
Gulf to e.cort liaJlan _rebut<br />
ship •• t rlsll of beine eaupt<br />
up In tbe .eYen-year contllel<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween Iran .nd Iraq.<br />
Tbe three-month old lovernment<br />
of U.U.n PrIme Mlnl.ter<br />
GIOY'DnlGorl. b.s been crltlclsed<br />
by opposition p.rtles for<br />
Its <strong>de</strong>cision.<br />
FINANCIAL<br />
'rIMES<br />
15.10.1987<br />
Rome rules<br />
out Kurdish<br />
kidnap <strong>de</strong>al<br />
By John Wyl••<br />
THE POSSIBILITY of wllhdrawing<br />
the Ilalian naval m.ssIOn<br />
from the Gulf in relurn for<br />
the release of lhree Italian engineers<br />
kidnapped by Iraqi<br />
Kurds was firmly ruled out yesterday<br />
by Mr Valerio Zanone,<br />
lhe MInisiel' of Defence.<br />
Spokesmen for lhe pro.lranian<br />
.PatrlOtic Union of Kurdistan,"<br />
which cl,"ms lhal il is<br />
holding lhe men, have formally<br />
linked lheir release 10 wilhdrawal<br />
of lhe eight-vessel ital-<br />
Ian lask force In Ihe Gulf.<br />
Howeyer, a Kurd.sh representallve<br />
Inlervlewed by Italian<br />
~e:evislOil ye.~lt.!,~.JY .;uggeste-d<br />
lhal Ital,an humanitarian aid<br />
for the Kurdish slru~le for in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
from Baghdad .nd<br />
a haillo arms shipmenls 10 Iraq<br />
weT(' lhe real lerms roI' l'reeinll<br />
lh~ englnCl"rs.<br />
MI' Zanone adamantly .mrmed<br />
that only lhe restoration of<br />
secure and free naYill.tion<br />
lhroullh lhe Gulf would trigger<br />
lhe wilhdrawal or the ltaliltD<br />
naY}'.Any premature wilhdraw-<br />
.al would be "a bilter blow to<br />
. weslern solidarity and 10 UN<br />
peace elTorts, 10 say nothin, of<br />
I lhe damalle to our inlernational<br />
•credibility; he said.<br />
I The Italian Goyernment,<br />
:meanwhile, is coming un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
criticism from len-wing opponents<br />
roI' hayinll kepi the kidnappings<br />
a secr<strong>et</strong> until lhey<br />
were reyealed by the Kurds on<br />
Monday. One of the enllineers<br />
was taken l'rom a work sile In<br />
northern Iraq on September 14<br />
FINANCIAL<br />
Turkey to<br />
invite bids<br />
for health<br />
sector plan<br />
By D.vld Barcha,d In Ank.,.<br />
TURKEY is 10 invite interna.<br />
tional consultancy firms to subm.l<br />
bids to prepare a Health<br />
Sector Rehablhlallon Master<br />
Plan for lhe country.<br />
The gov('rnment passed lellislation<br />
lasl May aimed .t upgrading<br />
the country's health .er-<br />
Yices, generally allreed to be lhe<br />
poorest in Europe.<br />
The plan will aim at a<br />
long.lerm strategy to eliminate<br />
inequalities in health statu.<br />
and acce.s to basic services and<br />
<strong>de</strong>sign a Ilealth Deyelopment<br />
Project.<br />
The successful bid<strong>de</strong>r would<br />
be expected to work wilh a local<br />
consultancy company in drawing<br />
up lhe plan.<br />
U is un<strong>de</strong>rstood the plan will<br />
be expected to coyer bolh preyentiye<br />
and curallve medicine<br />
.nd that il will look at environmenial<br />
probl",ms and, other related<br />
issues<br />
The Master~lan appears to be<br />
part of the IIrand str.tegy of MI'<br />
.Turgut Ozal. the Prime Minis-'<br />
tel', for reshapinll Turker's major<br />
<strong>Institut</strong>ions. The Mimstry of<br />
Health is un<strong>de</strong>rstood to be less<br />
than entirely happy wilh the<br />
i<strong>de</strong>a of a health strategy nQ!<br />
prepared un<strong>de</strong>r its auspice •.<br />
It already has a pilot health<br />
<strong>de</strong>velopment project un<strong>de</strong>r way<br />
in nine of the country's In proy-<br />
Inces.<br />
'rIMES<br />
28.10.1987<br />
Infant<br />
peclanc)'<br />
morlahl)' and life ('x-.<br />
ligures in Turkey la,<br />
well bdlind lho",<br />
Europe, <strong>de</strong>.
29.10.1987<br />
INTERVIEW WITH FINANCE MINISTER . THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR<br />
Despite war bur<strong>de</strong>n, Iraq's economy picks up as more<br />
oilflows<br />
By David R. Francis<br />
carry 1.5 million b.p.d. to Yanbu on the Red Sea. The<br />
Slaff wnler 0' The Chnslian 5clence Monitor<br />
Saudis had <strong>de</strong>layed giving an okay w the pipeline,<br />
Washington fearing it might provoke Iran. However, when Iranians'<br />
Iranian military pressures on Iraq remain strong. But disrupted the annual Muslim pilg.:image to Mecca,<br />
the financial position of the war-tom nation has im- causing hundreds of <strong>de</strong>aths, the Saudis changed their<br />
proved in the last year, according to MukhaIif Al minds and OK'd the pipeline.<br />
Hadithi, Iraq's new finance minister.<br />
That pipeline, when compl<strong>et</strong>ed in early 1989 at a cost<br />
"I cannot tell you it is easy," said Mr. Al Hadathi in an of about $1 million per kilom<strong>et</strong>er, will pay for itself in a<br />
interview. "But we are doing our best to minimize the few months, Al Hadathi says. A contract has already<br />
cost of this damn war. Our economy is doing fine." been l<strong>et</strong>. When this pipeline is compl<strong>et</strong>e, Iraq wOlÙdhave<br />
What has helped greatly is the compl<strong>et</strong>ion of a pipe- an export capacity of 3.5 million b.p.d., somewhat short<br />
line system str<strong>et</strong>ching from the oil fields near Basra in of its 4 million b.p.d. capacity before its war with Iran<br />
the southeast to the Kirkuk oil fields in the northeast. broke out eight years ago.<br />
From there, an existing, expan<strong>de</strong>d pipeline Al Hadathi maintains that Iraq's oil recan<br />
carry the oil to Ceyhan in Thrkey. -11 serves will prove eventually to be larger<br />
Compl<strong>et</strong>ed JlÙY 29, the new pipeline than those of Saudi Arabia. "We will be<br />
moves 500,000 barrels per day. Iraq's oil reserves staying with Saudi Arabia in the long-run<br />
The American~ucated official says will prove to be export of oil," he says. '<br />
Iraq is now exporting 2.2 million barrels larger than Saudi The finance minister also spoke about<br />
per day. That's a huge increase from the A b' the bold moves by Iraqi Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Saddam<br />
750,000 b.p.d. it managed to export in ra la's, AI Ha- Hussein to revive Iraq's moribund private<br />
1982 after Iran first <strong>de</strong>stroyed and later dathi maintains. sector. Un<strong>de</strong>r Baath Party rule since 1968,<br />
occupied Iraq's Gulf port of Faw. It had Iraq's government has imposed a heavy<br />
been Shipping 3 million b.p.d. from that . TT ~ rf.B~ socialist hand on the economy.<br />
port. Iran also prompted Syria to shut down a 1 million Starting last year, though, the government has sold<br />
b.p.d. pipeline through its territory. '. off dozens of fairly small state enterprises in the agriClÙ-<br />
Iraq, according to the Middle East Economic Survey, tural and service sectors. These inclu<strong>de</strong> POlÙtry fanns,<br />
is actually pumping 2.7 million b.p.d., almost twice the dairies, apiaries, supermark<strong>et</strong>s, gasoline stations, repair<br />
quota of 1.54 million b.p.d. s<strong>et</strong> for it by the Organization shops, and some bus companies.<br />
of P<strong>et</strong>roleum Exporting Countries. Iraq insists that its Al Hadathi says he expects these privatized finns to<br />
quota sholÙd be 2.369 million b.p.d., equaling Iran's be run more efficiently than un<strong>de</strong>r government o"\\'l1er-<br />
OPEC quota. ship. The government especially hopes the shift will<br />
Whatever the actual flow, the additional revenues boost farm output, reducing the need for imported food.<br />
have enableif the economy to work in a smoother way Agriculture still occupies some 30 percent of Iraq's poputhan<br />
before, Al Hadathi says.<br />
lation of some 16 million.<br />
Reports from Iraq say the problems ofa war Ct.'onumy As a result of this effort, the numb{>rof civil serv:
Bericht von einer Reise In ein Land, das es offiziell<br />
nicht geben ~arf<br />
Als im rT'Ühj.a.hr 1987 du ZOf c. in seincr Sendung "Nachhun in [UfClP.a." wagte,<br />
luf die ctwJ. 'l00.000 ArbciBcmi~.1ntcn J.U' dt'f Türkri mit kurdischer NAtion:\li,tJ.t<br />
hint\l\o\!ehcn, h.agrltc u rrolnlc. Türkische TaRf:HritunR:cn ":'Innlcn dcn ncilt:\R uhf'(<br />
die kurdische Kultur "cinc rrO\'Ok31ion und cine nclcidiglln~ <strong>de</strong>r lurkiH:\!t"O N31Îou".<br />
Ankara! Botscha.ftcr \'(:[wahrù' ,ich - wie schon hid anliefen Gclcgrnheilcn - ("ntschie<strong>de</strong>n<br />
~a~cgcn. daß in <strong>de</strong>n west<strong>de</strong>utschen Medien :luf die [.xistenz cin,.s Volkes hingewiesen<br />
wi.Jd, du es in seinem Land seil 1925 oHizicU nicht libt: die Kur<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Der Kemalismus als Sta.atsdoktrin<br />
Der Grund« <strong>de</strong>r türki,chcn Republik;<br />
KcmaJ Atatürk, aur <strong>de</strong>n ,ich rechte wie<br />
"linke" türkische: PuttieR und Politiker<br />
bcruren, hat sdnen Nachrolgern eine lIy.<br />
pOlhek hintalauen, die bis heute rür Innen<br />
• und außenpolitische Unruhe sorgt.<br />
Die Orientierung auf einen "mo<strong>de</strong>rnen Na..<br />
tionalismus" und die Leugnung <strong>de</strong>r mule<br />
tikulturellen Verg.ngenheit <strong>de</strong>. L.n<strong>de</strong>s<br />
ruhrten dazu, d.ß die Türkei il"e Inneren<br />
Wi<strong>de</strong>rspruche immer wie<strong>de</strong>r mit militïri.<br />
.chen Milldn "löHe": Durcit die Liqui.<br />
dierung qes christlichen Elements in <strong>de</strong>r<br />
o.t",utoli.chen Gelell.ch.lt (M.uaker<br />
an <strong>de</strong>n Anneniern). die Vertreibun, <strong>de</strong>r<br />
ITiechischen Min<strong>de</strong>rheit, die KolonISierung<br />
Uer kurdhchcn Gebi<strong>et</strong>e und durch<br />
die massive Verfolgung lind Unlcrdrük.<br />
k.ung jc:du Art von polithcher und kuhu.<br />
relier Opposition im alten <strong>de</strong>. Lan<strong>de</strong> ••,<br />
Dem ehemalig!':n Dür~ermelster von<br />
DiY3flJ3kil, ~'~hdi Z:\na, brachtc scin Dekenntnis'<br />
"Ich bin !toh, Kunic lU sdn"<br />
eine mchrj.lhriRC' Gefingniutrafc dn. De.<br />
rdu vor d(m PutJch <strong>de</strong>r Gener~le im<br />
Sertember 1980 IV" ,eine Arbeit durcit<br />
die Behör<strong>de</strong>n ln Ankara m.uiv behin.<br />
<strong>de</strong>rl wor<strong>de</strong>n: durch <strong>de</strong>n Enuug von Steu.<br />
ennllldn und <strong>de</strong>n Boykott von ,olhlcn<br />
und tcd10iJchen LcistunRen. rnnzösi.<br />
Iche BijrRcnneiJter organisiertcn damals<br />
lU lemer Unter~tUtlunR: die Li<strong>de</strong>rung von<br />
mehreren DUJ5en und einem Generator<br />
fur die StromveBorgung. Ein Bu, lru&<br />
die Parole "Vive le KurdiSl.n" (E, lebe<br />
Kurdill""). Für die Telln.hme .n <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Uberruhrung erhielt Zan. IChl J.hre Ge.<br />
fingni,. N.ch <strong>de</strong>m Putsclt wur<strong>de</strong> er ,el.<br />
nt'J AmtcJ enthoben und inhaftiert, ge.<br />
loltert und sittt troll intern.tionaler Pro-<br />
Itlle heUle, h.lb uub geschl.gen, Im Ge.<br />
fingni. von Diyarb.kir. Ähnlich ging tI<br />
lahlreichen Jdner Kollegen, die ah unab.<br />
hïngige (kurdi.che) K.ndid.ten in öf.<br />
fentliche Am ter gekommtn waren.<br />
Die For<strong>de</strong>rung <strong>de</strong>I ,oli.l<strong>de</strong>moknt\!chen<br />
Ahgeordn<strong>et</strong>en l urgut At.l.y .u, ~irt, du<br />
P:u-tciprogumm <strong>de</strong>r CliP .uch in, Kurdi.<br />
sche lU Gbeu<strong>et</strong>len, ven<strong>et</strong>lte seine Par.<br />
tcifuhrung in helle Aulregung, und .h<br />
lieh du ruttibelirk Diy:ubakir hinler<br />
seine For<strong>de</strong>rung stellle, wur<strong>de</strong> Mille Ju.<br />
ni 87 die aesamte Pa.rteiorsanintion du<br />
BeIlrku .urgelö.t, .<br />
"Stellt eu eh vor, zwei Drittel eurer<br />
Annee wür<strong>de</strong> in Bayem stationiert,<br />
je<strong>de</strong> Stadt wür<strong>de</strong> von <strong>de</strong>r naheliegen<strong>de</strong>n<br />
CUllison beherrscht, je<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Dorf von einem ~chwerbewaffncten<br />
Militärposten. Hoch<strong>de</strong>utsch wür<strong>de</strong><br />
zur alleinigen Sprache in allen }l.mtem<br />
und Dehör<strong>de</strong>n. Der bayerische<br />
Dia.lekt \viiHle verboten, alte Ortsnamen<br />
",ürclen preußifiziert, wer vorher<br />
Xaver o<strong>de</strong>r Sepp hieß, d:trf j<strong>et</strong>zt<br />
zwischen Fritz und Wilhelm wäJ.len.<br />
Renitente Dörfer wür<strong>de</strong>n nach Nie<strong>de</strong>rs.chsen<br />
umgesie<strong>de</strong>lt, auf opposi.<br />
tionelle Gntppen und Personen machte<br />
die GSG 9 J.gd ... eille absur<strong>de</strong><br />
Vorstellung millen in Europa .. aber<br />
bei uns ist sie Realität",<br />
-<br />
. Der kurdhche 1\nt, <strong>de</strong>r mdrrere J3hre<br />
ln rrtiburg studiert h:\ue, k1.i.rte uns bdm<br />
Besuch <strong>de</strong>. At"ürk.Denkm.h vor <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Toren Di)'ub3kirs <strong>de</strong>rart ;tn,ch:a.ulich<br />
Uber die Situation in seinem Land auf und<br />
rïiRtc ein DeifPic:l aus <strong>de</strong>m ~igencn Tälig.<br />
Itc:itsbereich hinlu: "Wenn ich im Kun.<br />
kenhaus mit mein!'n Patienten kurdisch<br />
re<strong>de</strong>, weil sic mich nicht verslehen und<br />
Ich ,ie ,onst nicht beh.ncleln kann, muß<br />
ich mit JUger und Nachteilen rechnen.<br />
Wer hier <strong>et</strong>wits wer<strong>de</strong>n wiJI-z.8. r"ch.<br />
ant - <strong>de</strong>r muß seine kurdische I<strong>de</strong>ntität<br />
vuleugnen, muß schwc:igen, wenn ihm die<br />
Milit~" totkr.nke o<strong>de</strong>r gdolterte p.lientcn<br />
olme Na.mtn cinlidc:m, und fUr die<br />
medizinische Versorgung <strong>de</strong>r L:a.ndbevöl.<br />
kcmng rehlt es an i\nten, Ambulatorien<br />
und aln BUttn Willen <strong>de</strong>r Verantwortlichen".<br />
Kemal Atatürks rorldl ist auch In <strong>de</strong>r<br />
hcimliche.n Ihuptstadt Türkhch.Kurdi.<br />
tlans ulgq~enw:itti~: im Cô\re, in <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Bank, im 1I0lel, in allen öf(entlichrn und<br />
vielen privaten G~häu<strong>de</strong>", ab~r <strong>de</strong>r Schein<br />
trügt. im 1I0tel trellen ,iclt Angehörige<br />
<strong>de</strong>r politischen G~fa.nRf'nen; unler cier<br />
Leuchtrekl:une, die die Konturen <strong>de</strong>s.<br />
"roßen Führers'. erkennen ':ißt, fa.n<strong>de</strong>n<br />
bit 1980 die grußen Kundgebungen '1311,<br />
heute treHen sich hier bei einem Glu<br />
Tee Oppositionelle, die trolz Repression ~<br />
nicht .ulgegeben It.ben. •<br />
Für die Europler unci die USA ht diese<br />
Gegend geopolitl,ch bleressant", erklär .•<br />
tc uns ein andtrer Ce!pr:i.chspirtner,<br />
"hier wird angeblich d~r freie Westen ver.<br />
teidigl, während .lch die Annee .ul.<br />
führt wie in einem beseIlIen Land. Die<br />
Aktionen <strong>de</strong>r PKK ,iJ,d mehr Folge .Is<br />
Uruche di<strong>de</strong>r ganzen Mi,crt. Für dic<br />
NATO ,lnd uniere Anliegen ein Slörfaktor<br />
und fùr die Türken sind wir unRebil<strong>de</strong>i,<br />
untntntwJckelt und mitunter cben<br />
luch gewalt[jtig". DlInlt beschreibt er<br />
ein gängiges MUller, mlt <strong>de</strong>m alt .uclt<br />
"liberale" tUrki,che Intellektuelle die<br />
Probleme <strong>de</strong>s O.ten •• nalysieren.<br />
.. Wenn wir Kirkuk hätten .....<br />
Ein Dotent ~intr türki!rhtn Univcrsi.<br />
tät halle di«cs MU'ler ln einem G«präclt<br />
um einen interesUinten \lnd vicldiskutie,.<br />
ten Punkt erwellert: "Wir h.hen Ille.,<br />
um in <strong>de</strong>r EG hellel1
oktober/november 1987<br />
ein vergessenes<br />
~ OIk Mißtrauen gegen uns sitzen muß: "Erst wer<strong>de</strong>n<br />
wir aus unserer Heimat vertrieben, dann<br />
nimmt <strong>de</strong>r Irak unser Hab und Gut weg,<br />
schließlich mUssen wir im Iran um unser leben<br />
kämpfen und j<strong>et</strong>zt kommt ihr, und zerstört<br />
noch meine Familie:' In diesen Worten<br />
drückte sich <strong>de</strong>r ganze Schmerz, Verzweiflung<br />
und auch Wut ober das unschuldig er-<br />
Unrecht aus, das offensichtlich Ober<br />
?Iillene<br />
die Familie hereingebrochen war.<br />
• FUr mich <strong>de</strong>r Anlaß, mich einmal mit <strong>de</strong>n<br />
leidvollen HintergrUn<strong>de</strong>n und <strong>de</strong>r Geschichte<br />
<strong>de</strong>s kurdischen Volkes, ihren Verfol.<br />
gungen, ihrer kulturellen, sOIlaien und öko.<br />
nomischen UnterdrOckung auseinan<strong>de</strong>rzus<strong>et</strong>zen,<br />
die so viele Menschen (in <strong>de</strong>r ORO<br />
sind allein 400000 kurdische Männer,<br />
Frauen und Kin<strong>de</strong>r) zwingen, ihr angestammtes<br />
Land aufzugeben und als Asylsuchen<strong>de</strong><br />
bei uns Unterschlupf zu suchen.<br />
Der folgen<strong>de</strong> Artikel soll ein wenig helfen,<br />
das Informations<strong>de</strong>fizit Ober ein "vergessenes"<br />
Volk zu verringern. Er kann nicht die<br />
aktuellen blutigen Auseinan<strong>de</strong>rse~zungen<br />
erklären, er kann lediglich einen groben<br />
Überblick Uber historische und aktuelle Fakten<br />
und die Lage in Kurdistan geben.<br />
Foto: medico international<br />
Schauplatz Kin<strong>de</strong>rklinik: Eine kurdische<br />
Flüchtlingsfamilie aus einem Sam mellager<br />
bringt ilu jüngstes krankes Kirid ins<br />
Krankenhaus. Es ist schwer krank und erbricht<br />
zunehmend. In <strong>de</strong>n folgen<strong>de</strong>n Untersuchungen<br />
stellt sich eine tuberkulöse Meningitis<br />
heraus. Über Wochcn muß das Kind<br />
nun stationär behan<strong>de</strong>lt und so von <strong>de</strong>r Familie<br />
g<strong>et</strong>rennt wer<strong>de</strong>n. Durch die sich<br />
zwangsläufig anschließen<strong>de</strong>n Umgebungstests<br />
wird <strong>de</strong>r größere 5-jährlge Bru<strong>de</strong>r mit<br />
einer Lungentuberkulose "herausgefischt"<br />
20<br />
und muß ebenfalls stationär aufgenommen<br />
werdcn. Wegen <strong>de</strong>r Angst un~ das Leben und<br />
die Gesundheit ihrer Kin<strong>de</strong>r ist es schwer,<br />
insbesondcre <strong>de</strong>m Vater <strong>de</strong>r Familie, unsere<br />
Maßnahmen trotz guter Dolmctscher begreiflich<br />
zu machcn. Über Wochen zieht sich<br />
nun ein fur bci<strong>de</strong> Seiten nervcnaufreibcn<strong>de</strong>s<br />
Tauziehcn um diese Kin<strong>de</strong>r, die schließlich in<br />
dcr Drohung, die Kin<strong>de</strong>r aus <strong>de</strong>m Krankenhaus<br />
zu cntführen, ihren Höhepunkt halle.<br />
In dieser Situation fällt <strong>de</strong>r Satz, <strong>de</strong>r mir Im<br />
nachhinein <strong>de</strong>utlich machte, wie tief das<br />
Zur Vorgeschichte:<br />
Nach <strong>de</strong>m Machtverfall <strong>de</strong>r Kalifen im Vor<strong>de</strong>ren<br />
Orient entstan<strong>de</strong>n im Il. Jahrhun<strong>de</strong>rt<br />
kurdische FürstentUmer. Sie wur<strong>de</strong>n ähnlich<br />
wie in Deutschland im 16. und 17. Jahrhun<strong>de</strong>rt<br />
Zentren kulturellen Lebens und leist<strong>et</strong>en<br />
einen nicht unbe<strong>de</strong>uten<strong>de</strong>n eigenständigen<br />
Beitrag zur islamischen Zivilisation, <strong>de</strong>ren<br />
Auswirkungen sich bis nach Europa bemerkbar<br />
machten. Kurdische Kunst, Dichtungen<br />
und Lie<strong>de</strong>r wur<strong>de</strong>n in <strong>de</strong>r damaligen<br />
westlichen Welt geacht<strong>et</strong>. Allerdings waren<br />
die einzelnen kurdischen Fürstentümer politisch<br />
häufig zu schwach, um sich gegen die<br />
Einverleibung durch mächtige Nachbarn,<br />
wie das osmanische Reich im Westen und das<br />
persische Reich im Osten erfolgreich zu wehren.<br />
Es kam häufig zu blutigen Aufstän<strong>de</strong>n,<br />
insbeson<strong>de</strong>re im 19. Jahrhun<strong>de</strong>rt, die aber<br />
meist nur kurzfristig erfolgreich waren. Es.<br />
entstand zwar eine eigenständige kurdische<br />
Kultur und Sptache, die aber keinen entsprechen<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Ausdruck in einem politischen Gebil<strong>de</strong><br />
fand.<br />
Erst in <strong>de</strong>r 2. Hälfte <strong>de</strong>s vorigen Jahrhun<strong>de</strong>rts<br />
begannen vornehmlich Intellektuelle<br />
im Exil, a~geregt durch nationale I<strong>de</strong>en im<br />
Westen, sich über die nationale Frage Kurdistans<br />
Gedanken zu machen. Es wur<strong>de</strong>n poli.<br />
tische und kulturelle Komitees gegründ<strong>et</strong><br />
mit <strong>de</strong>m Ziel, einen Nationalstaat Kurdistans<br />
zu grün<strong>de</strong>n. Allerdings waren die meist<br />
"mo<strong>de</strong>rnen Intellektuellen" <strong>de</strong>r eigentlichen<br />
kurdischen Landbevölkerung, die von<br />
ihren Feudalherren oft als Analphab<strong>et</strong>en gehalten<br />
wur<strong>de</strong>n, meist so entfremd<strong>et</strong>, daß ihre<br />
Organisationen und I<strong>de</strong>en wenl~ Resonanz<br />
fan<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
-)
(suite)<br />
Nur in <strong>de</strong>n Emigrantenkreisen (fast ein<br />
Drittel aller Kur<strong>de</strong>n lebte zu dieser Zeit außerhalb<br />
Kurdistans) gab es zunehmen<strong>de</strong> Aktivitäten<br />
für einen kurdische" Nationalstaat<br />
mit eigener Wirtschaft, Kultur und Sprache.<br />
Diese Aktivitäten fan<strong>de</strong>n weit über die kurdischen<br />
Grenzen hinaus Anerkennung und<br />
Resonanz.<br />
Mit <strong>de</strong>m Eintritt <strong>de</strong>s osmanischen Reiches<br />
in <strong>de</strong>n ersten Weltkrieg wur<strong>de</strong>n diese Aktivitäten<br />
unterbrochen. Das schon vor <strong>de</strong>m<br />
Weltkrieg hochverschuld<strong>et</strong>e, durch soziale<br />
und nationalistische Strömungen geschwächte<br />
osmanische Reich holte sich seine<br />
Soldaten vornehmlich aus kurdischen Gebi<strong>et</strong>en,<br />
um sie dann als Kanonenfutter gegen<br />
die Westmächte, England, Frankreich, Rußland<br />
einzus<strong>et</strong>zen. Fast 700000 Kur<strong>de</strong>n kamen<br />
im ersten Weltkrieg für das osmanische<br />
Reich um. Nach <strong>de</strong>ssen Nie<strong>de</strong>rlage wäre die<br />
Chance für einen kurdischen Nationalstaat<br />
mit einer politischen Vertr<strong>et</strong>ung, kulturellen<br />
Eigenständigkeit und ökonomischen Einheit<br />
möglich gewesen. Sie wur<strong>de</strong> aber von konservativen'kurdischen<br />
Fürsten im Verein mit<br />
<strong>de</strong>n westlichen Siegermächten teils aus ökonomischen,<br />
teils aus strategischen Grün<strong>de</strong>n<br />
verhin<strong>de</strong>rt. Im endgültigen Frie<strong>de</strong>nsvertrag<br />
von Lausanne wur<strong>de</strong> das Schicksal <strong>de</strong>r kurdischen<br />
Nation besiegelt: das 400000 qkm<br />
große Gebi<strong>et</strong> mit 20-25 Mil. Menschen<br />
wur<strong>de</strong> unter 4 Staaten aufg<strong>et</strong>eilt: Türkei,<br />
Irak, Syrien und Iran. Seit<strong>de</strong>m wur<strong>de</strong>n die<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n von je<strong>de</strong>m Nationalstaat als rassische<br />
Min<strong>de</strong>rheit diskriminiert und z.T. auch<br />
blutig verfolgt.<br />
Vie Situation in Türkisch-Kurdistan<br />
Nimmt man die <strong>et</strong>wa 12 Mill. Kur<strong>de</strong>n, die<br />
heute in TUrkisch-Kurdistan leben und' die<br />
2-2,5 Mill. Mcnschen, die außerhalb Kurdistans<br />
Icben (die meisten sind in die westlichen<br />
Gebi<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong>r Türkei verschleppt), so sind<br />
in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei <strong>et</strong>wa 230/0 <strong>de</strong>r Gesamtbevölkerung<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n. Trotz<strong>de</strong>m dürfen z.B. Kin<strong>de</strong>r<br />
in <strong>de</strong>r Schule nicht kurdisch sprechen, Texte<br />
in kurdischer Sprache sind verboten, legale<br />
und illegale Kulturvereine wer<strong>de</strong>n brutal zerschlagen<br />
und verfolgt.<br />
Die Analphab<strong>et</strong>enrate ist doppelt so hoch<br />
wie in <strong>de</strong>r Ubrigen TUrkei. Die Infrasruktur<br />
für eine gesundheitliche Versorung <strong>de</strong>r kurdischen<br />
Bevölkerung ist gleich Null. In diesem<br />
Gebi<strong>et</strong> wer<strong>de</strong>n fast nur Militärärzte ein<br />
ges<strong>et</strong>zt, die allein fUrdie türkischen Soldaten<br />
und Behör<strong>de</strong>nangehörigen verantwortlich<br />
sind. Kurdische Ärzte wer<strong>de</strong>n an <strong>de</strong>r einzigen<br />
medizinischen Fakultät auf kurdischem<br />
Gebi<strong>et</strong> nur im geringen Umfang ausgebild<strong>et</strong>.<br />
Ökonomisch ist das Gebi<strong>et</strong> eines <strong>de</strong>r unterentwickeltsten<br />
in <strong>de</strong>r gesamten Türkei.<br />
DieAgrartechniken haben sich seit <strong>de</strong>m Mittelalter<br />
wenig geän<strong>de</strong>rt. Noch mein aber<br />
spielt die ungleiche Verteilung <strong>de</strong>s Bo<strong>de</strong>ns<br />
rür die Ur.ache <strong>de</strong>r Armut <strong>de</strong>r Devölkeruna<br />
eine RoUe. Etwa 1/6 <strong>de</strong>r Ei&entUm~r besit.<br />
zen 3/4 <strong>de</strong>s Bo<strong>de</strong>ns. während 38 % <strong>de</strong>r Dauern<br />
keine einzige Parzelle besitzen.<br />
Auch im Han<strong>de</strong>l zeichn<strong>et</strong> sich ein Konzentrationsprozeß<br />
zugunsten von wenigen<br />
Großhändlern ab. Der armen Bevölkcrung<br />
bleibt oftmals als einzige Existenlz.grundlage<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Schmuggel, <strong>de</strong>r wie<strong>de</strong>rum Anlaß zu weiteren<br />
Repressalien von seiten <strong>de</strong>r Zentralregierung<br />
ist.<br />
Am schlimmsten für die Bevölkerung ist<br />
aber die in <strong>de</strong>r l<strong>et</strong>zten Jahren zu beobachten<strong>de</strong><br />
Militarisierung <strong>de</strong>s kurdischen Gebi<strong>et</strong>es<br />
und die damit verbun<strong>de</strong>nen direkten blutigenWerfolgungen<br />
<strong>de</strong>r kurdischcn Bevölkerung.<br />
Nach <strong>de</strong>m Militärputsch von 1980<br />
wur<strong>de</strong>n überall neue Polizeistationcn und<br />
Militärposten erricht<strong>et</strong>. Die Zahl <strong>de</strong>r geheimen<br />
Sicherheitskräfte hat sich verdoppell<br />
und die dritte türkische NATO-Armee wur<strong>de</strong><br />
ins Zentrum <strong>de</strong>s türkischen kurdischen Gebi<strong>et</strong>es<br />
verlegt.<br />
Zahlreiche militärische Manöver sollen<br />
die Bevölkerung einschüchtern. Fast 15000<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n sind eingekerkert, allein 4000 befin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sich unter unerträglichen Bedingungen<br />
im Militärgefängnis von Diyarbahir. Es kam<br />
zwar zu mehreren Gefängisrevolten gegen<br />
die unerträglichen Gefängisbedinungen,<br />
aber alle wur<strong>de</strong>n blutig nie<strong>de</strong>rgeschlagen. Es<br />
sind vornehmlich Kur<strong>de</strong>n, die zum"lo<strong>de</strong> verurteilt<br />
wer<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Im Winter 1984 begann dic Militärregie-<br />
_rung in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei die Durchfi.lhrung i1ues<br />
Plan cs, einen 20 km langen Streifen entlang<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Grcnze zum Ir:.k t.LI ':lllvölk::ll1. um dieses<br />
Gebi<strong>et</strong> besser kontralIierbar zu machen"<br />
Die Grcnze zum Irak wur<strong>de</strong> herm<strong>et</strong>isch abgeriegelt,<br />
die Bewohncr im Grenzgebi<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>portiert<br />
und Kur<strong>de</strong>n auch jenseits <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Grenze mit irakischer Billigung verfolgt und<br />
<strong>de</strong>ren Dörfer bombardiert. Dies geschah mit<br />
Rücken<strong>de</strong>ckung <strong>de</strong>r Nato und mit Hilfe bun<strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong>utscher<br />
Waffen. Als kostenlose "Türkeihilfe"<br />
<strong>de</strong>klariert wur<strong>de</strong>n allein 1986 für<br />
130 Mill. Mark von <strong>de</strong>r bun<strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong>utschen<br />
Waffenindustrie gebaute Hubschrauber, Rolandrak<strong>et</strong>en<br />
und lornadoflugzeuge geliefert.<br />
Diese Waffen fin<strong>de</strong>n ihren hauptsächlichen<br />
Einsatz im östlichen Teil <strong>de</strong>r Türkei, im<br />
kurdischen Gebi<strong>et</strong>. In einer <strong>de</strong>r l<strong>et</strong>zten Offensiven<br />
<strong>de</strong>s türkischen Militärs gingen diese<br />
<strong>et</strong>wa 50 km tief gegen kurdische Dörfer auf<br />
irakischem Gebi<strong>et</strong> vor, und das mit Billigung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Regierung von Bagdad.<br />
Diese blutige Repression von oben find<strong>et</strong><br />
ihre tragische Entsprechung im Terror kleiner<br />
bewaffn<strong>et</strong>er kurdischer Gruppen gegen<br />
die eigene Bevölkerung. Aus Frustration im<br />
Kampf gegen einen übermächtigen Gegner<br />
wer<strong>de</strong>n "Vergeltungsschläge" gegen vermeintliche<br />
Kollaborateure in <strong>de</strong>n eigenen<br />
Reihcn ausgeführt. Das kürz-lich geschehene<br />
-)<br />
~l
(suite)<br />
Massaker <strong>de</strong>r kurdischen Guerillagruppê<br />
PKK an wehrlosen kurdischen Stammesangehörigen<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Ömerli im Dorf Pinarcik ist<br />
ein tragischer Höhepunkt. (TAZ vom<br />
25.6.87)<br />
Der Wi<strong>de</strong>rstand gegen die brutale Assimilationspolitik<br />
ist bei einem Großteil <strong>de</strong>r Bevölkerung<br />
eher passiv. Viele müssen versuchen,<br />
sich nach außen anzupassen o<strong>de</strong>r<br />
flüchten ins westliche Ausland, z.B, in die<br />
13un<strong>de</strong>srepublik. Allerdings zirkulieren im<br />
Untergrund trotz <strong>de</strong>r Härte <strong>de</strong>r Repression<br />
politische und literarische Texte in kurdischer<br />
Sprache. Zunehmend ve,öffentlichen<br />
auch kurdische Schriftsteller und Dichtt:r<br />
ihre Werke in kurdischer Sprache. Berühmte<br />
kurdische Künstler und Intellektuelle sind<br />
weit über die türkischen Grenzen hinaus bekannt.<br />
Ihre Werke haben fast immer kurdische<br />
Themen zum Gegenstand. Yasher Kemal<br />
(Romancier), Calit Sitli Thsaric und Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Arif (Dichter), und Yilmaz Güney. (Filmemacher)<br />
sind nur einige Beispiele.<br />
Die Situa~ion in lrakisch-Kurdistan<br />
Die Zahl <strong>de</strong>r irakischen Kur<strong>de</strong>n wird auf 3,1<br />
Mill. geschätzt, das entspricht einer Gesamtbevölkerung<br />
von 28010. Trotz<strong>de</strong>m sind die<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n als Min<strong>de</strong>rheit ebenfalls Verfolgungen<br />
ausges<strong>et</strong>zt. Die Ursache dafür liegt in erster<br />
Linie darin, daß die Kur<strong>de</strong>n hier auf einem<br />
<strong>de</strong>r erdölreichsten Gebi<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong>s Lan<strong>de</strong>s<br />
wohnen, Schon 1920 hatten die Briten <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Hintergecianken, sich das Öl im südlichen<br />
Kurdistan zu sichern, und <strong>de</strong>shalb einen kurdischen<br />
Nationalstaat zu verhin<strong>de</strong>rn. Die<br />
<strong>de</strong>n Kur<strong>de</strong>n im Vertrag von Sèvres versprochene<br />
Autonomie wur<strong>de</strong> nachträglich uii'd<br />
endgullia in <strong>de</strong>n Frie<strong>de</strong>nsgesprächen von<br />
Lausanne annulliert. Zwar konnten in <strong>de</strong>r<br />
22<br />
Folgezeit die Kur<strong>de</strong>n ihre Sprache und Kultur<br />
offen erhalten, alle Bemühungen, einen<br />
autonomen Status zu erreichen, scheiterten<br />
jedoch und wur<strong>de</strong>n z.T. blutig unterdrückt.<br />
1975 einigten sich in Aigier auf einer<br />
OPEC-Konferenz <strong>de</strong>r iranische Schah mit<br />
<strong>de</strong>m Irak, die Grenze zwischen iranisch und<br />
irakisch Kurdistan zu schließen, die Übergänge<br />
abzuriegeln und die Kur<strong>de</strong>n nicht<br />
mehr über die Grenze zu lassen. Im Gegenzug<br />
bekam <strong>de</strong>r Iran die Wasserstraße Schattel-Arab<br />
und einige kurdische Dörfer zugesprochen,<br />
später Ausgangspunkt fOr <strong>de</strong>n<br />
grausigen Krieg zwischen Iran und Irak.<br />
Seit <strong>de</strong>m iranisch-irakischen Konflikt ist<br />
die kurdische Bevölkerung beidseits <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Grenzen beson<strong>de</strong>rs in Mitlei<strong>de</strong>nschaft gezogen.<br />
Wie<strong>de</strong>r ist es die Bun<strong>de</strong>srepublik, die<br />
sich durch die Waffenlieferungen an bei<strong>de</strong><br />
kriegsführen<strong>de</strong>n Parteien daran mitschuldig<br />
macht.<br />
In einem neuen Flüchtlingsstrom kommen<br />
aus <strong>de</strong>m Grenzgebi<strong>et</strong> mehr und mehr<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n zu uns. Ihnen bleibt häufig keine an<strong>de</strong>re<br />
Wahl als Europa, da kurdische Flüchtlinge<br />
aus <strong>de</strong>m Irak im Iran und in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei<br />
<strong>de</strong>nselben Verfolgungen ausges<strong>et</strong>zt sind wie<br />
ihre Landsleute in <strong>de</strong>n jeweiligen Län<strong>de</strong>rn.<br />
Die Kur<strong>de</strong>n in Syrien<br />
Man schätzt ihre Zahl auf 825000, das entspricht<br />
<strong>et</strong>wa 11010<strong>de</strong>r Gesamtbevölkerung.<br />
Sie leben hauptsächlich in drei geschlossenen<br />
Gebi<strong>et</strong>en <strong>de</strong>s Lan<strong>de</strong>s, si nd aber als eigenständige<br />
Nationalität und kulturelle Gemeinschaft<br />
nicht anerkannt. Seit <strong>de</strong>r Unabhängigkeit<br />
Syriens 1946 bestreit<strong>et</strong> die syrische<br />
Regierung die Existenz <strong>de</strong>r kurdischen<br />
Minorität. Die syrische Regierung versucht<br />
eine Zwangsaulmilleruna und -arablslerung.<br />
So sind <strong>et</strong>wa ,120000 Kur<strong>de</strong>n ganz ohne<br />
Ausweis, d.h. sie sind ohne rechtlichen<br />
, Schutz und können sich nicht frei bewegen.<br />
Dadurch wer<strong>de</strong>n die Kontakte innerhalb<br />
<strong>de</strong>r kurdischen Min<strong>de</strong>rheit erschwert, um so<br />
die Assimilierung!ipolitik <strong>de</strong>r syrischen Regierung<br />
mit zu unterstützen. Außer<strong>de</strong>m weigert<br />
sich Syrien, kurdische Flüchtlinge aus<br />
<strong>de</strong>n Nachbarlän<strong>de</strong>rn aufzunehmen. Es bestehen<br />
Pläne, die kurdische Bevölkerung<br />
längs <strong>de</strong>r türkischen Orenze umzusie<strong>de</strong>ln<br />
und einen arabischen Gürtel zu schaffen, da<br />
man in diesem Gebi<strong>et</strong> Erdöl vermut<strong>et</strong>.<br />
Die Lage <strong>de</strong>r Kur<strong>de</strong>n in<br />
lraniscl,-Kurdistan<br />
Nach <strong>de</strong>r Türkei leben im Iran die meisten<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n. Mit <strong>et</strong>wa 5,5 Mill. machen sie <strong>et</strong>wa<br />
16010 <strong>de</strong>r Gesamtbevölkerung aus. Seit 30<br />
Jahren ist wie im an<strong>de</strong>ren lèil Kurdistan!i die<br />
Sprache verboten. Die kurdischen Publikationen<br />
stammen alle aus <strong>de</strong>m Irak.<br />
Nur die meist sunnitischen Geistlichen,<br />
die häufig sehr eng mit <strong>de</strong>r Landbevölkerung<br />
leben und an ihrer sozialen Lage teilhaben,<br />
spielen eine progressive soziale Rolle und<br />
halten. da sie oft die einzigen Gebild<strong>et</strong>en<br />
sind, die kulturellen Eigenarten aufrecht<br />
Aber schon <strong>de</strong>r Schah, später die islamische<br />
Republik ers<strong>et</strong>zte diese Geistlichen zunehmend<br />
mit "loyalen" religiösen Führern.<br />
Schulen, falls überhaupt eingericht<strong>et</strong>,<br />
sind miserabel aU!igestatt<strong>et</strong>, gera<strong>de</strong> unter<br />
Frauen ist die Analphab<strong>et</strong>enrate sehr hoch.<br />
Die medizinische Versorgung ist in <strong>de</strong>n kurdischen<br />
Städten ungenügend, die Landbevölkerung<br />
ist praktisch davon aÙ!ige!ichlossen.<br />
Malaria, Thberkulose und Trachome<br />
sind in Gebi<strong>et</strong>en in Iranisch-Kurdistan weit<br />
verbreit<strong>et</strong>. Am wir~schaftlichen Wachstum,<br />
gera<strong>de</strong> durch die Erdölför<strong>de</strong>rung, nimmt<br />
diese Region nicht teil.<br />
Auch im Iran sind die Kur<strong>de</strong>n bluiigen<br />
Verfolgungen ausges<strong>et</strong>zt. Nach <strong>de</strong>r Etablierung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Mac1tt <strong>de</strong>s Schahs wur<strong>de</strong>n kurdische<br />
Führer und Fürsten durch die Zentralregierung<br />
ermord<strong>et</strong>. Es kam zur schizophrenen<br />
Situation, daß zwar die Kur<strong>de</strong>n im Irak<br />
in ihren Autonomiebestrebungen unterstUtzt,<br />
gleichzeitig die iranischen Kur<strong>de</strong>n<br />
diesseits <strong>de</strong>r Grenzen blutig unterdrückt<br />
wur<strong>de</strong>n. Ähnliches wie<strong>de</strong>rholte sich nach<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Etablierung <strong>de</strong>s Khomeini-Regimes.<br />
Der Golfkrieg zwischen Iran und Irak<br />
wur<strong>de</strong> seit 1983 immer mehr in die Gebi<strong>et</strong>e<br />
Kurdistans verlagert. Viele angeJ?lich gegen<br />
irakische Streitkräfte gericht<strong>et</strong>e Offensiven<br />
<strong>de</strong>r iranischen Armee und <strong>de</strong>n "Revolutionswächtern"<br />
haben das Ziel, die kurdische Opposition<br />
ganz abzuwürgen. Das Regime hält<br />
die kurdischen Gebi<strong>et</strong>e in einem quasi militärischen<br />
Belagerungszustand.<br />
B~f1ffn<strong>et</strong>e kurdische Oppositionsgruppen,<br />
insbeson<strong>de</strong>re die KOMALA, versuchen<br />
Wi<strong>de</strong>rstand zu leisten und gleichzeitig politiache<br />
.und aozlale Strukturen zu <strong>et</strong>ablieren.<br />
Dabel'kommt <strong>de</strong>r gesundheitlichen und bi!-<br />
->
(suite)<br />
dungsmllßigen Versorgung eine große Be<strong>de</strong>utung<br />
zu. Innerhalb <strong>de</strong>r Komala haben<br />
Frauen eine <strong>de</strong>utlich bessere Stellung als<br />
sonst in <strong>de</strong>r islamischen Welt. Sie nehmen an<br />
Bildungsprogrammen teil, besitzen die gleichen<br />
Rechte, verrichten dieselbe Arbeit wie<br />
die Mllnner. Sie kämpfen zusammen mit ihnen<br />
als Peschmerga, wie sich die bewaffn<strong>et</strong>en<br />
Wi<strong>de</strong>rstandskämpferInnen nennen.<br />
Kurdische Flüchtlinge in, <strong>de</strong>r BRD<br />
lassen sich grob 3 Gruppen zuordnen:<br />
J. Flüchtlingeaus<strong>de</strong>m türkischen Teil Kurdistans,<br />
die anfänglich noch als sogenannte<br />
Gastarbeiter aus <strong>de</strong>r Türkei aufgenommen<br />
wur<strong>de</strong>n, später dann zunehmend als Asylsuchen<strong>de</strong><br />
zu uns kamen. L<strong>et</strong>ztere sind beson<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
gefährd<strong>et</strong>, in ihre Heimat wie<strong>de</strong>r abgeschoben<br />
und damit erneut Verfolgungen<br />
ausges<strong>et</strong>zt zu wer<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
2. Flüchtlinge aus <strong>de</strong>m Irak, die zunächst in<br />
<strong>de</strong>n Iran geflUcht<strong>et</strong> waren, aber dort entwe-<br />
-ier vor <strong>de</strong>m Krieg o<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>n zunehmen<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Verfolgungen. erneut flüchten müssen und<br />
Westeuropa àls ihre l<strong>et</strong>zte Fluchtburg ansehen.<br />
3. Fliicht/inge aus <strong>de</strong>m iranischen Wi<strong>de</strong>rstand<br />
gecen das Khomeini-Regime.<br />
In verschie<strong>de</strong>nen Städten <strong>de</strong>r BRD haben<br />
sich Kurdistan Komitees / internationale Solidaritäts:tomitees<br />
fUr Kurdistan, gegründ<strong>et</strong>.<br />
Sie haben sich zur Aufgabe ges<strong>et</strong>zt, Kur<strong>de</strong>n,<br />
die hier im Exilleben, zu unterstützen - an<strong>de</strong>rerseits<br />
die Aufrechterhaltung kurdischer.<br />
Traditionen, Kultur und Sprache zu för<strong>de</strong>rn.<br />
Die humanitäre Hilfe fUr Kurdistan ist ihr<br />
wichtigstes Anliegen.<br />
Zur Zeit wer<strong>de</strong>n 3 Projekte vl:rfolgt:<br />
1. Schulbücher für Kurdistan.<br />
Angesichts <strong>de</strong>r nationalen und kulturellen<br />
Unterdrückung <strong>de</strong>r Kur<strong>de</strong>n rufen sie zur Unterstützung<br />
eines Schulbuchprojektes für<br />
Kurdistan al~f. Mit Hilfe von Spen<strong>de</strong>n sollen<br />
Schulbücher für 7- bis 12-jährige Kin<strong>de</strong>r gedruckt<br />
werd!':n,damit sie ihre Muttersprache<br />
schreiben und lesen lernen können. Eine<br />
Auflage <strong>de</strong>s ersten Buches, einer Fibel zum<br />
Erlernen <strong>de</strong>s kurdischen Alphab<strong>et</strong>es, ist inzwischen<br />
fertiggestellt und nach Kurdistan<br />
entsandt.<br />
Spen<strong>de</strong>n auf [las Konto <strong>de</strong>r ESG,<br />
A.J.G.-Veerkamp ..Son<strong>de</strong>rkonto':<br />
Postscheckamt Berlin West 328609-/06,<br />
2. Projekt "medizinische Hilfe für Kurdl.<br />
stan"<br />
Dieses Projekt dient <strong>de</strong>r ständigen)T1edizinischen<br />
Notversorgung vor allem <strong>de</strong>r Zivilbevölkerung<br />
in Kurdistan-Iran. Bei diesem<br />
Projekt wer<strong>de</strong>n die notwendigsten Medikamente<br />
und medizinischen Geräte fUr Kurdistan<br />
organisiert. Eine ausfUhrliche Liste <strong>de</strong>r<br />
.gegenwärtig notwendigen Medikamente, die<br />
nur in großer Anzahlorganisiert wer<strong>de</strong>n sollen,<br />
und medizinischen Geräten liegt vor und<br />
wird auf Wunsch vom Kurdistan- Komitee<br />
Frankfurt zugeschickt.<br />
3. IJrojekl "Soforl-lIi1fe Projekl"<br />
Dieses Projekt ist in erster Linie fUr die Unterstützung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r medizinischen lèams, die<br />
ständig in bes<strong>et</strong>zten Gebi<strong>et</strong>en Kurdistans im<br />
Einsatz sind, vorgesehen. Mit diesem Projekt<br />
sollen in erster Linie Erste-Hilfe-Ruck-'<br />
säcke. beschafft wer<strong>de</strong>n. Diese Rucksäcke<br />
kosten je ca. 1000 DM.<br />
Medico international unterstUtzte die<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n in ihrem Wi<strong>de</strong>rstand und <strong>de</strong>m Aufbau<br />
eines Basisgesundheitswesens im Grenzgebi<strong>et</strong><br />
Iran/Irak im l<strong>et</strong>zten Jahr mit 37000<br />
DM.<br />
Weitere Spen<strong>de</strong>n auf das medico<br />
international-Konto /800 Stadtsparkasse<br />
Frankfurt, Stichwort Kurdistan o<strong>de</strong>r<br />
6999-508 Postscheckamt Köln, Stichwort:<br />
Kurdistan<br />
Literaturübersicht:<br />
- Kurdistan und die Kur<strong>de</strong>n. Program Reihe bedrohte<br />
Völker Band 1.2 und 3; Bestellung über Gesellschaft<br />
fUr bedrohte VOlker", Postfach, 3400<br />
GOuingen.<br />
- Kurdistan-Info, herausgegeben von Kurdistan-<br />
Komitees in <strong>de</strong>r BRO, West-Berlin und Österreich.<br />
Bezug über: Kurdislan-lnformationszentrum,<br />
Mainzer landstraße 147,6000 Frankfurt I.<br />
- Amnesty und die Gesellschaft fUr bedrohte<br />
Völker bringen in unregelmäßigen Abstän<strong>de</strong>n Informationen<br />
zu Kurdistan heraus.<br />
Ernst-Ludwig Iskenius, Osnabrück<br />
23
nuovaunità 8/15 ottobre 1987<br />
Tre tecnia dipen<strong>de</strong>nti di diUI;<br />
italiane operanti in Iraq, sono<br />
nelle mani di 8uerri81ieri curdi.<br />
A quello che si sa, la loro sone<br />
è legata alla pennanenza 0 meno<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle navi italiane nel Golfo Persico.<br />
Stando alle informazioni<br />
trasmesse fino a questo momento,<br />
i guerriglieri sarebbero di fe<strong>de</strong><br />
musulmano-sciita, su<strong>et</strong>ti<br />
alleati <strong>de</strong>ll'Iran. È d'obbligo<br />
usare il condizionale visto le modalità<br />
seguite dal Governo nella<br />
gestione <strong>de</strong>ll' llaffare», soprattuno<br />
il silenzio che ha preceduto<br />
la rivelazione <strong>de</strong>i rapimento<br />
che si presta ad una duplice interpr<strong>et</strong>azione:<br />
quella ufficiale<br />
che 10 spiega con la necessità di<br />
favorire la tranattiva pcr il rilascio<br />
oppure, pill precisamente,<br />
per pren<strong>de</strong>re tempo per imbasti.<br />
re una versione meno scomoda.<br />
Comunque sia l'intera questione<br />
si presenta chiaramente<br />
come la prima conseguenza <strong>de</strong>ll'avventura<br />
militare <strong>de</strong>lla «nostra»<br />
marina da guerra nel<br />
Golfo.<br />
Che dire, spremere lacrime<br />
sulla sone <strong>de</strong>i nostri connazionali,<br />
landare dichiarazioni di<br />
condanna sui rapitori che se la<br />
prendono con innocenti lavoratori?<br />
Scomato, ma anche molto<br />
comodo. Non a caso infani<br />
queste prime giornate di commenti<br />
<strong>de</strong>i mass media dividono.'<br />
equameme questo asp<strong>et</strong>to con<br />
l'per il silenzio<br />
governativo. Si ripropone il vecchio<br />
gioch<strong>et</strong>to di un'infonnazione<br />
pubblica che strepita sui<br />
propri diritti per coprire un'informazione<br />
castruita prevalentemente<br />
sulle veline <strong>de</strong>i vari<br />
ministeri.<br />
Allara lralasciamo le consi<strong>de</strong>razioni<br />
moralisliche per affronlare<br />
il noceiolo <strong>de</strong>lla queslione:<br />
la funzione svolta' dalla marina<br />
militare, in panicolare da quella<br />
statunitense, nel Golfo.<br />
La «missione umanitariil» di<br />
pura e semplice prot~zione di al-.<br />
cuni mercantili per «garantÎre il<br />
transita nel Golfo» eliminando<br />
le mine, non 'è ch~ un ricordO.<br />
Al suo pasto abbiamo una missione<br />
che conferma ogni giorno<br />
il volontario coinvolgimenlo di<br />
una gran<strong>de</strong> pOll:nza (gli USA),<br />
ndla guerra che oppone l'Iraq<br />
ali'iraq, Era chiaro sill dail'illlzia<br />
che le ibh:nzioni americane,<br />
al di là uelle dichiarazioni uffi-<br />
,ciali, erano queUe di 'far saltare'<br />
i nervi all'II all, inducendolo<br />
a qualehe passo avventato che<br />
giustificasse l'imervento mi-<br />
Iitare.<br />
Ma i nervi aU'lran non sQno<br />
saltati e quindi ci ha pensato la<br />
US Navy a creare il prece<strong>de</strong>nte.<br />
Oggi la situazione è tale da dar<br />
ragione al;li iraniani quando w-<br />
slengono di essere virlUalmenle<br />
24<br />
Tre tecnici italiani nelle mani <strong>de</strong>i guerriglieri curdi<br />
I<br />
In guerra c;o1i911 USA<br />
in guerra call gli Slati Uniti. III<br />
questo sensa vanna interpn:tati<br />
i rip<strong>et</strong>uti intervo:nti <strong>de</strong>lla Navy a<br />
difesa <strong>de</strong>i terminali p<strong>et</strong>roliferi<br />
utiliu.ati dall'Iraq.<br />
Sono :l"IVenimentiche cre:lno<br />
un obi<strong>et</strong>tivo squilibrio fra i due<br />
conten<strong>de</strong>nti. Da un lato )'Iraq<br />
puà comir.uare a colpire il traffico<br />
p<strong>et</strong>roliferio "ïraniano e dall'allro<br />
l'Iran non è piû in<br />
condizione ài fare altr<strong>et</strong>tanto.<br />
Se si pcnsa poi alla minaccia<br />
costante che le navi americane<br />
costituiscono pel' l'Iran, il quadro<br />
è compl<strong>et</strong>o. !n questo ambito<br />
si ill>eri,ee la missioll":<br />
italiana. Sc a dar prova<br />
di eHicien:.:a affondando qualche<br />
sandalo iraniano, dopodiché<br />
il gioco sarà fatlo, con buona<br />
pace di chi ha eontrabbandato<br />
la spedizione COIDeuna sorta di<br />
missi one urnanrtaria.<br />
A questo punto c'è da augurarsi'<br />
che qualcullo non se ne<br />
esea fuori con il discorso che<br />
non possialllo ritirare le nostre<br />
navi perché non possiarno ce<strong>de</strong>re<br />
ai rieatli. Già illlo5tro paese<br />
è pieno di (lspecialisti» <strong>de</strong>lla «linea<br />
dura» che dimostano poi la<br />
loro umanità ai funerali <strong>de</strong>lle la- -<br />
ro vittime. È tempo che questi<br />
llspecialisti» vengano posti in<br />
condizione di non nuocere, negando<br />
il ruolo guerrafondaio<br />
che l'ltalia sta svolgendo al fian..<br />
co e per conto <strong>de</strong>gli Stati Uniti.<br />
La gU":1ra fra Iran cd Iraq i:<br />
l"la trag~dia ehe puo avcre termine<br />
solo atlrav':lso ('ONU, rib,.ltando<br />
l'uso strumenla!.: eh..:<br />
di qu
P.AB8B SEllA 130ttobre 1987<br />
Tre tecnici italiani rapiti nel Kurdistan da una organi7.7.ö.zionedi partigiani<br />
Ci accusano di collaborare con l'Iraq. Azione diplomatica <strong>de</strong>lla Farnesina<br />
Chiedono:ritirate Ja tlotta<br />
Lottano per l'indipen<strong>de</strong>nza, Komeini Iiaiuta<br />
BEJRUT. Tre tecnici italiani<br />
sono stati rapiti nel nord <strong>de</strong>ll'Iraq<br />
da un gruppo dl guerriglieri<br />
curdi che 10Uano pel'<br />
l'indipen<strong>de</strong>nza dal regime di<br />
Bagdad e sono sostenitori di<br />
quello iraniano. Nella rivendicazione<br />
fatta pervenire a<br />
Beirut chiedono che l'Italia<br />
ritiri la flotta dal Golfo l! che<br />
non fornisca più aiuti all'Iraq.<br />
Dei tre italiani, uno, Sel"<br />
gio Comin<strong>et</strong>ti, è da un mese<br />
nelle 101'0mani; gli altri due,<br />
Roberto Diotallevi e Giuseppe<br />
Carrara, sono stati seque.<br />
strati dieci giorni fa. TImini.<br />
stero <strong>de</strong>gli esteri sapeva, ma<br />
ha preferito uno str<strong>et</strong>to riserbo,<br />
tanto che il presi<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>i<br />
Consiglio Goria ha d<strong>et</strong>to di<br />
avere appreso la noti7.ia da<br />
pochi giornL<br />
• In ultima i servizi<br />
llproblema<br />
<strong>de</strong>l dito<br />
nel vespaio<br />
I1 rapimento <strong>de</strong>i tre<br />
nostri connazionali<br />
è un'ulteriore complicazione,<br />
per noi,nella<br />
vicenda che ci ve<strong>de</strong> presenti<br />
nel Golfo Persico.<br />
Intanto perchè i curdi ci<br />
accusano di dare aiuto<br />
all'kaq, cosa indir<strong>et</strong>tamente<br />
vera dato che ci<br />
opponiamo con la flotta<br />
a possibili attacchi <strong>de</strong>i<br />
pasdaran iraniani (vall'<br />
il d<strong>et</strong>to: i nemici <strong>de</strong>i miel<br />
amici sono miei nemici),<br />
e poi perchè si puà pen-<br />
.sare che i sequestratori<br />
agiscano per conto di Teheran,<br />
più volte minacciosa<br />
contro i paesi con<br />
flotte nel Golfo.<br />
Invece questo popolo<br />
di montanari, da s<strong>et</strong>te a<br />
diciass<strong>et</strong>te milioni di<br />
persone a seconda <strong>de</strong>lle<br />
fonti, il cui territorio è<br />
ora diviso tra Siria, Iran,<br />
Turchia e Iraq, lotta per<br />
l'indipen<strong>de</strong>nza dai tempi<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'impero ottomano e<br />
non va consi<strong>de</strong>rato agli<br />
ordini di nessuno ( an.<br />
che se non si sa nulla <strong>de</strong>i.<br />
l'organizzazione che si è<br />
attribuita il rapimento).<br />
Vero è solo che l'Iraq è il<br />
suo principale oppressore<br />
essendo la maggioran.<br />
za <strong>de</strong>i curdi sottoposta a<br />
quel regime. E che pel'<br />
Komeini vale l'opposto<br />
<strong>de</strong>l d<strong>et</strong>to già citato ( in<br />
questo caso: i nemci <strong>de</strong>i<br />
miei nemici sono miei<br />
amici) per cui aiuta i<br />
curdi armandoli e assistendolL<br />
ln un episodio prece<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
di rapimento di un<br />
italiano ci vollero parecchi<br />
mesi pel' ottenerne la<br />
liberazione. Nessllno<br />
puà dire quanto occorrerrà<br />
questa volta e<br />
nemmeno se non ci saranno<br />
complicazioni.<br />
Chi m<strong>et</strong>te il dito in un vespaio<br />
come il Golfo non<br />
puà sapere in quali con.<br />
dizioni 10 ritirerà, nè da<br />
che parte arriveranno le<br />
vespe, nè quando sm<strong>et</strong>teranno<br />
di pungerlo.<br />
sir<br />
l tre nostri tecnici rapiti dai guerriglieri in Iraq nel norne di Khomeini<br />
•<br />
turn CUIÙo all'!<br />
Beirut<br />
((Non dov<strong>et</strong>e<br />
aiutare<br />
più il regime<br />
di Bagdad))<br />
nostro servlzlo<br />
BEIRUT. Tre 0 quattro italiani<br />
sono stati rapiti da un<br />
gruppo curdo nella palte s<strong>et</strong>tentrionale<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Iraq, a. un<br />
centinaio di chilom<strong>et</strong>ri a<br />
nord di Bagdad. La notizia è<br />
stata data nel tarda pomeriggio<br />
di ieri dalla se<strong>de</strong> libanese<br />
di un'agenzia di stampa internazionale;<br />
poco prima, un<br />
postino anonimo aveV3 recapitato<br />
una l<strong>et</strong>tera al responsabile<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'ufficio nella quale,<br />
altre all'informazione, si lanciava<br />
anche un ultimatum:<br />
.«Rilasceremo gli italiani soio<br />
dopa che ilgoverno di Roma.<br />
avrà cessatogli aiuti a Sad-.<br />
dam Hussein e avrà ritirato<br />
le navi militari impegnate<br />
nel Golfo». La l<strong>et</strong>tera è stata<br />
firmata dalI'«Unione nazionale<br />
<strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan iracheno.>,un<br />
gruppo di recente formazione<br />
che si oppone al ri>çime<br />
di Bagdad.<br />
NeUe mani <strong>de</strong>i guerrigliel'i<br />
.cUl'disi trovano Sergio Cominelti,<br />
Roberto Diotallevi e<br />
Giuseppe Carrara. II prim ...<br />
secondo una ricostruzione<br />
<strong>de</strong>I fatti non an cora rlefiniti.<br />
va ma attendibile. è SUIO s\'.<br />
lluestrato a m<strong>et</strong>à s<strong>et</strong>tembre<br />
nei pressi di MossuJ. Gli altn<br />
due sono stali invece ('alturati<br />
venerdi 2 ottobre dal cam.<br />
po di Bajji dove la Gie (Gruppo<br />
industrie el<strong>et</strong>tromeccaniche)<br />
ha appena ultimato, sulla<br />
base di una commessa <strong>de</strong>i<br />
1980,una centrale termoel<strong>et</strong>trica<br />
di sei gruppi da 220 megawatt.<br />
La centrale è ancora coperta<br />
da garanzia, ed è quindi<br />
assistita da un ristr<strong>et</strong>to numero<br />
di tecnici, tra i quali i<br />
due fatti prigionieri. DiotalIevi,<br />
ingegnere, 47 anni, è il responsabile<br />
meccanico <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
centrale; vive a Gallarate e<br />
opera in Iraq da oltre quattro<br />
anni. Carrara, perito mdu-'<br />
striale, 32 anni. di Bergamo,<br />
si occupa <strong>de</strong>gli strumenti e<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'attrezzatura necessari<br />
alI'impianto. Comin<strong>et</strong>ti, di<br />
Milano, è un dipen<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>l.<br />
la Sae (Soci<strong>et</strong>à anonima el<strong>et</strong>.<br />
triticazione). Seconda la Reu.<br />
tel', nella l<strong>et</strong>tera _. scritta in<br />
arabo - figurerebbe anche<br />
un quarto nome, ma su questa<br />
punto finora non c'è stata<br />
nessuna conferma.<br />
Contrastanti anche le in-'<br />
formazioni sull'«Unione nazionale<br />
<strong>de</strong>I Kurdistan irache-'<br />
no": a Beirut c'è chi sostiene<br />
che si tratterebbe di un gruppo<br />
di recente formazione legato<br />
agH iraniani. Tra i curdi.<br />
il regime di Teheran è<br />
consi<strong>de</strong>rato un a vversario da<br />
battere. tant'è che nel s<strong>et</strong>tore<br />
iraniano <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan le<br />
truppe <strong>de</strong>gli ayatollah han no<br />
compiuto numerosi massacri.<br />
spesso in alleanza con 1.<br />
turchi. Ma la lunga guerra<br />
con l'Iraq ha d<strong>et</strong>erminato la.<br />
nascita di organizzazioni mi"<br />
nori al di quà e al di là <strong>de</strong>lla;<br />
frontiera, spesso con 10scopo.<br />
di creare problemi ai governi<br />
centrali. indipen<strong>de</strong>ntemente<br />
dalla causa autonomista. L'l.:<br />
raq ha tentato con i curdi la'.<br />
via <strong>de</strong>lla regione autonoma.<br />
ma senza tropP
fi<br />
P.ABSB SI1BA<br />
servizio<br />
Roma<br />
La Farnesina<br />
ha taciuto<br />
Goria e Zanone<br />
non sapevano<br />
ROMA. Aila Farnesina sape.<br />
vano. Da oltre un mese, al mi.<br />
nistero <strong>de</strong>gli Esteri, si lavora<br />
in gran segr<strong>et</strong>o sw rapimento<br />
<strong>de</strong>l tecnico milanese Sel"<br />
gio Comin<strong>et</strong>ti,sequestrato a<br />
Mossw nel nord <strong>de</strong>ll'Iraq .<br />
Un lavoro difficile, di indagine<br />
e di mediazione, reso an.<br />
cora più angoseioso, mereo.<br />
ledi sera, dalla notizia <strong>de</strong>I sequestro<br />
di altri due italiani,<br />
Roberto Diotallevi e Giuseppe<br />
Carrara. Da ieri pomerig.<br />
gio, dopo la ditfusione <strong>de</strong>lle<br />
notizie e dopo l'wtimatum<br />
<strong>de</strong>i terroristi, la situazione è<br />
radicalmente cambiata. Sono<br />
stati informati in gran fr<strong>et</strong>ta<br />
il presi<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>I consiglio<br />
Giovanni Goria e anche il mi.<br />
nistro <strong>de</strong>lla Difesa Valerio<br />
Zanone, chiamato dir<strong>et</strong>ta.<br />
mente in causa dalla richiesta,<br />
attribuita ai curdi, di interrompere<br />
la missione <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
Marina nel Golfo.<br />
Ed è stato un pomeriggio di<br />
tensione e di scambi fren<strong>et</strong>ici<br />
di telefonate. non sempre di<br />
I Unpopolo<br />
I senza stato<br />
Dall'80<br />
Iraq<br />
elran<br />
Ji usano<br />
per<br />
la loro<br />
guerra<br />
Dei curdi si parla periodica.<br />
mente dall'inizio <strong>de</strong>l secolo,<br />
ma ogni volta, passata la fa.<br />
se più drammatica <strong>de</strong>gli epi.<br />
sodi di cui sono protagonisti,<br />
la loro condizione viene<br />
dimenticata. Sono un popo-<br />
10 indoeuropeo, nella maggioranza<br />
convertito all'Islam,<br />
insediato in una zona<br />
importantissima pel' le sue<br />
riserve naturali: p<strong>et</strong>rolio<br />
nella regione di Kirkuk e<br />
Sweimania (Iraq) e nell'Anatolia<br />
orientale (Turchia);<br />
26<br />
tono disteso, tra i vari âdd<strong>et</strong>ti<br />
ai lavori. Zanone è piombato<br />
subito dopo pranzo, nel suo<br />
ufficio di ministro in via XX<br />
s<strong>et</strong>tembre, convocando tutto<br />
il suo staff di alti umciali e.<br />
probabilmente anche ire.<br />
sponsabili <strong>de</strong>i servizi segr<strong>et</strong>i<br />
militari <strong>de</strong>I Sismi. Ail'esterno<br />
nessuna dichiarazione<br />
ufficiale. Di certo c'è che Zao<br />
none ha chiesto di saperne di<br />
più e che ha sentito anche il<br />
capo di Stato Maggiore <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
Marina. l'ammiraglio Giasone<br />
Piccioni. Pel' il momento,<br />
le navi non si toccano, avrebbe<br />
assicurato il ministro. C'è<br />
ancora da valutare la veridi.<br />
cità <strong>de</strong>ll'wtimatum.<br />
Particolannente indisp<strong>et</strong>.<br />
tito Pf'r il silenzio <strong>de</strong>lla Far.<br />
nesina, anche il presi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Consiglio Giovanni Geria,<br />
coIto di sorpresa, ieri pomeriggio<br />
a Montecitorio, dal~le<br />
doman<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>i giornalisti.<br />
«Sapevamo - ha rispostOi<br />
Goria -- di nostri connazio--<br />
nali che da cinQue ltiorni non<br />
rame, oro, argenta e uranio,<br />
i cui giacimenti non sono<br />
ancora sfruttati. Ma i curoi<br />
non hanno mai avuto un 10-<br />
ro stato, nonostante la promessa<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle grandi potenze,<br />
ed in particolare <strong>de</strong>lla Gran<br />
Br<strong>et</strong>agna, di creare un Kur.<br />
distan indipen<strong>de</strong>nte (Trat.<br />
tato di Sanremo, 1920).<br />
Eppure sono milioni: s<strong>et</strong>te<br />
secondo le statistiche <strong>de</strong>i<br />
singoli paesi ostili al nazionalismo<br />
curdo, 17 secondo<br />
le affermazioni <strong>de</strong>i curdi.<br />
Il «problema curdo» ri.<br />
guarda oggi la Turchia, l'Iran,<br />
l'Iraq e la Siria, anche<br />
se gruppi minori esistono in<br />
Urss e Libano_ Il paese nel<br />
quall' la ioro latta per l'indi.<br />
pen<strong>de</strong>nza si è trasformata<br />
in vera e propria guerra è<br />
l'Iraq, dove - a partire <strong>de</strong>l<br />
1970 - hanna ottenuto Ie<br />
m:,ggiori l'oncpssioni. dalla<br />
legge sul riconoscimento<br />
<strong>de</strong>l carattere binazionale<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Iraq all'utTIcializzazio.<br />
ne <strong>de</strong>lla lingLI
"<br />
ILTEM.PO<br />
13 ottobre 1987<br />
Tre tecnici italiani sana stati sequestrati in Iraq da guerriglieri kurdi legati a Teheran<br />
Ricatto per le nostre navi<br />
I rapitori pr<strong>et</strong>endono ilritiro'<strong>de</strong>lla flotta dal Golfo Persico<br />
-------------- cita <strong>de</strong>lle flotte dl consentire gmfica che la posslbilita dl tria <strong>de</strong>lle flotte occl<strong>de</strong>ntali.<br />
la libertà dl navlgazlone infllggere colpl ai nostri Ma blsogna convenlre che<br />
lungo Il' rotte <strong>de</strong>l p<strong>et</strong>rollo e connazionali all'estero sono non he,nno torto coloro I<br />
Rischia diffusa<br />
altre quel mare<br />
di PAOLO CACACE -<br />
CI ERAVAMO abituati Il triphce rapimento, c'è<br />
a segulre quotldi:-..namente,<br />
con pazlenza to a rlnlocolare Ie polemiehe<br />
da esserne sicuri, è <strong>de</strong>stina-<br />
certosina, i movlmenti <strong>de</strong>lta interne sull'opponunità di<br />
nostra piccola flotta nelle inviare la flotta e aumenterà<br />
il numero dl coloro che<br />
acque tempestose <strong>de</strong>i Gollo<br />
ed avevamo accolto con un chie<strong>de</strong>ranno a. gran voce Il<br />
grosso sospiro di sollievo Il rItorno antlclpato In pa.trla.<br />
passaggio <strong>de</strong>lle lregate e<strong>de</strong>l <strong>de</strong>l nostri marinai.<br />
mercantile lungo 10 Str<strong>et</strong>to Ma in questo momento, l'<br />
dl Hormuz, nella marcia di tnterrogativo cruciale non è<br />
ri torno verso il Mare di tanto quello di optare 0<br />
Oman. Giusto Il tempo di meno per una -Unea <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
raUegrarci per essere sf uggitl<br />
miracolosamente aUa battaglia<br />
tra i-marines. e i<br />
.pasdaran. iraniani nei<br />
pressi neU'isola di Farsi, ai<br />
missili sparati dai .Mirage.<br />
di Badgad. Ed eccoci ripiombare<br />
neU'incerteZ1.l\, neU'apprensione,<br />
pel' il rapimento<br />
<strong>de</strong>i tre tecnici italiam nel<br />
Kurdistan iracheno; pCI' la<br />
lolle richlesta <strong>de</strong>i sequcotra-<br />
!.ot!
ILTEM.PO<br />
DAL NOSTRO INVIATO<br />
DUBAI ..:..Ricatto all'Italia,<br />
neUo stile <strong>de</strong>lla Jihad isla-,<br />
mica, gestito materialmen-<br />
,'te, a quanto pare, dal kurdi<br />
, nemlcl di Bagdad. Tre tec-'<br />
nici ltallani sono stati rapiti.<br />
ln due distinti episodi ,il'<br />
primo verso la m<strong>et</strong>a di s<strong>et</strong>-<br />
, tembre, ilsecondo dieci giorni<br />
fa) nell'Iraq s<strong>et</strong>tentrionale<br />
da una sedicente -Unione<br />
Nazlonale <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan<br />
lracheno-. Le condizioni pel'<br />
la IIberazione, recapitate a<br />
Beirut, sono pesanti: ritiro<br />
<strong>de</strong>!\e nostre navi dal Golfo, e<br />
fine <strong>de</strong>ll'aiuto italiano aire- '<br />
: gime di Bagdad.<br />
I nostri tre connazionali,<br />
Sergio Comin<strong>et</strong>ti, Giuseppe<br />
Carrara e Roberto Diotallevi.<br />
erano impegnati nella<br />
costruzione di impianti<br />
idroel<strong>et</strong>trici appaltati ad<br />
Goria: discutiamo<br />
se regolaregli scioperi,<br />
ROMA - TI Presi<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>i cOnsiglio Gorta<br />
vuole conoscere l'opinione <strong>de</strong>gll altrl ministrl<br />
In merlto al problema relatlvo alla disclpllnsi<strong>de</strong>l<br />
dlrltto dl sclopero -da confr.ontare'<br />
Insteme, ,per <strong>de</strong>flnire una poslzione di,<br />
Govemo chiara ed unlvOC&». '<br />
~'ln1Zlatlva di Goria è partita ln Seguito<br />
alla l<strong>et</strong>tera Invlatagll da Giorgio Benvenuto,<br />
nella "quale Il lea<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>lla UU chle<strong>de</strong>, a<br />
tutéla <strong>de</strong>I diritti dl mUlonl di clttadini, che<br />
slano resl efficacl eerga orones- con legge i<br />
codlci dl autoregolamentazlone <strong>de</strong>I dlrltto di<br />
:sclopero -pel' ricomporre la frattura che da<br />
: tempo 3i va creando tra dirlttl <strong>de</strong>i clttadlni<br />
ie iniziat!ve di lotta lncontroUate ,di s<strong>et</strong>tol'l<br />
di lavoro-. La Uil è cosi <strong>de</strong>cisa nel suo atteg-<br />
: glamento da scrivere a Gorta che, se non vi<br />
,saranno lniziative parlamentari 0 governat1ve,<br />
sarà 10 stesso sindacato a provve<strong>de</strong>re<br />
facendosi promotore dl una racc:olta di firme<br />
pel' una legge di inizla,tlva popolare che<br />
, tenda a quest! obl<strong>et</strong>tlvi.<br />
NeUa l<strong>et</strong>tera Invlata al suol coUeghi dl<br />
Governo, \I presI<strong>de</strong>nte Gorla fa presente<br />
come .non puo sfugglre che la questlone <strong>de</strong>l<br />
, diritto di sclopero <strong>de</strong>ve trovare una trattaz10ne<br />
tutta partlcolare nel caso hl cul, come<br />
nel Servizi pubbllc~ a soffrire le conseguen-'<br />
ze <strong>de</strong>U'agitazione non è la controparte ovve-'<br />
ro l'organlsmo gestore <strong>de</strong>i servizi ma piuttosto<br />
l'utenza, cioé I cittadinl •.<br />
E' vero che illegislatore di questo problema<br />
se ne è già occupato, nota Goria nelia<br />
sua l<strong>et</strong>tera, come
SUITE<br />
ILTEM.PO servizio<br />
I no.striconnazionali rapiti dai gueniglieri in due distinti episodi, la rivendicazione a Beirut<br />
Tre italiani sequestrati nel Kurdistan<br />
I rapitori fùo-iraniani:
Unità 13 ottobre 1987<br />
GOLfO PERSICO<br />
. ..,<br />
Un eomunicato di una fazione te~oristica filoÎraniana ehe opera in Irak<br />
annuncia i sequestri. Il govemo eonferma ma non ere<strong>de</strong> alla riehiesta<br />
«Abbiamo rapito. tre. itaÎîânÏ»<br />
Rieatio di un. gruppo curdo: «Ritirate lè navi»<br />
La guerra Iran-Irak ora coinvolge il nostro paese<br />
anche su un altro fronte: tre tecnici italiani sono<br />
stati rapiti nella regione nord <strong>de</strong>ll'Irak da ribelli<br />
curdi filo-iraniani. Per la loro Iiberazione si chie<strong>de</strong><br />
il ritiro <strong>de</strong>lle navi italiane dal Golfo Persico. È un<br />
atto di terrorismo drammatico, dai contomi oscuri<br />
e che introduce un nuovo elemento di complicazione<br />
nella crisi <strong>de</strong>l Golfo.<br />
OAl NOSTRO INVlATO<br />
GIANCARLO LANNUTTI<br />
_ DUBAI. l'annuncio <strong>de</strong>l<br />
sequestro di tre tecnici italiani<br />
è stato dif/uso, altraverso un<br />
comunicato daltiloscritto in<br />
Arabo lalto pervenire a un'agenzia<br />
di stampa slraniera a<br />
Beirut, da un gruppo di non<br />
chiara mallfce che si <strong>de</strong>finisce<br />
.Unione nazionale <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan<br />
irakeno •. 11sequestro, vi<br />
si af/erma, è stato compiuto<br />
come .protesta per l'aiulo ila.<br />
liano al regime irakeno e per<br />
la presenza mililare ilaliana<br />
nelle acque <strong>de</strong>l Gollo.. Pertanto<br />
le condizioni per il rilascia<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli ostaggi sono .la fine<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'aiulo Italiano al regime<br />
gio Cominelti, Giuseppe Carrara<br />
e Roberto Diolallevi, appartenenti<br />
alla soci<strong>et</strong>à Esa,<br />
collegata alla Saipem. I sequeslratori<br />
non dicono dove e<br />
quando han no rapito i tecnici.<br />
.Ma da Roma la Famesina precisa<br />
che si Iratta di due dislinti<br />
episodi awenuti il 15 s<strong>et</strong>tembre<br />
a Mossul, nella regione<br />
, pelrolifera .curda <strong>de</strong>lllrak, e<br />
una dccina di giomi la in una<br />
locaIità imprecisata; nel primo<br />
episodio è stato seque-<br />
30<br />
strato Comin<strong>et</strong>ti, nel secondo<br />
gli allri due.<br />
. la drammalica viccnda rischia<br />
e il ritiro <strong>de</strong>lle navi mine<br />
di introdur:-e la questio-<br />
curda Ira gli elementi chia-<br />
irakeno<br />
litari italiane <strong>de</strong>l Gollo>. Il documento<br />
inizia con l'invocazione:<br />
.Nel nome di Dio clemente<br />
e misericordioso>.<br />
I Ire tecnid rapiti sono Ser:<br />
Ḻ<br />
NelVi saldi<br />
e pru<strong>de</strong>nza<br />
ENZO ROGGI<br />
a preoccupazione con cui gli italiani han no se.<br />
guito fin dal primo momento la missione navale<br />
nel Golfo, mitigata dalle immagini e dalle noti.<br />
zie sulla tranquilla navigazione <strong>de</strong>lle nostre uni.<br />
tà, si è ieri improwisamente riaccesa con l'annuncio<br />
<strong>de</strong>i sequestri di noslri connazionali in<br />
territorio irakeno. Ci senliamo tulti più coinvolti<br />
e of/esi, proprio perchè la barbarica pralica <strong>de</strong>i<br />
sequestri non ci aveva mai toccato, ed in ciô<br />
avevamo sempre visto una conlerma ad un at.<br />
leggiamento pru<strong>de</strong>nle, costrultivo. paziente<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Italia nell'area <strong>de</strong>lla turbolenza. Più coin.<br />
volti, appunto. Questo è il dato di lalto. E non<br />
vogliamo, in questo tnomento cosi incerto e<br />
solto l'impulso <strong>de</strong>ll'emozione, andare oltre a un<br />
interrogativo semplice e, pensiamo. dif/uso: lurono<br />
calcolali tutti irischi? Sarà inevitabile, cer.<br />
tamente, ritornare sugli aspelti generali <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
<strong>de</strong>cisione di inviare la squadra navale laggiù.<br />
ara conlano altre doman<strong>de</strong>. incombono altre<br />
preoccupazioni.<br />
C,'è anzituho il mistero di una 'sequenza di<br />
sequeslri durata un mese di cui, pero, l'opinione<br />
pubblica italiana viene inlormata solo a seguilo<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla rivelazione da parte <strong>de</strong>i sequestrateri. la<br />
Famesina precisa che il primo episodio risalc a<br />
m<strong>et</strong>à sellembre. È da supporre che il riserbo sia<br />
dOVUlo all'intenzione <strong>de</strong>i govemo di non corn.<br />
promelIere i tentativl di salvare i prigionleri. Puô'<br />
anche darsi che vi siano state dillicoltà per chia.<br />
eANKARA<br />
ve <strong>de</strong>lla cri si <strong>de</strong>l Gollo Persico,<br />
con lutte le conseguenze<br />
che ciô compona. Nelle regioni<br />
cur<strong>de</strong> a cavallo <strong>de</strong>l conline<br />
Iran-Irak é già in corso da<br />
anni Ulla guerra spi<strong>et</strong>ata e a<br />
più (acce: una parte <strong>de</strong>i curdi<br />
irakeni ostili al regime di Saddam<br />
Hussein collabora apertamente<br />
con le lorze armale<br />
iraniane, che occupano porzioni<br />
di territorio al di qua <strong>de</strong>i<br />
confine (lanto che le azioni di<br />
quesli gruppi sono incluse nei<br />
boll<strong>et</strong>tini di guerra di Teheran);<br />
mentre i curdi iraniani<br />
combattono contro il regime<br />
di Khomeini e dispongono di<br />
basi arroccate in un'impervia<br />
zona di monlagna sul confine,<br />
dove sono strumentalmente'<br />
.tollerati. dall'lrak. È una<br />
guerra triangolare e intricata<br />
di cui si parla molto poco ma<br />
che impone un elevato tribulo<br />
di sangue. ara il drammalico<br />
episodio <strong>de</strong>i lecnid italiani in'<br />
troduce per la prima volta un<br />
collegamenlo dirello Ira questa<br />
gucrra e la crisi, ormai di<br />
dimensioni inlernazionali, nel<br />
Goigo Persico. Un dalo che<br />
ren<strong>de</strong> tutto più difficile.<br />
Goria al Quirinale .<br />
poIConvoca<br />
il gruppo di crisi<br />
-----=..:--- ==-<br />
""""";r; ~.,~~)~ ~'1'. '.s: ,I<br />
La loulità di Mosul, dove è awenuto il primo sequestro<br />
rire il significato <strong>de</strong>i sequestri. come plIO dars.<br />
che abbiano giocalo anche' preoccupazionl di<br />
pclilica interna, nel luoco <strong>de</strong>lle polemiche e<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle contraddizioni altorno alla <strong>de</strong>cisione di<br />
mandare navi. Ma perché il gabin<strong>et</strong>to di crisi è<br />
stalo convocato solo dopo il messaggio <strong>de</strong>i sequestratori?<br />
C'è stata, prima, una gestione discrezionale<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla vicenda? Si pensa che l'episodio<br />
non appartenga alla polilica ma alla cronaca<br />
nera? In queslo caso, in base a quali elemen.<br />
ti? Se ci sono è giusto conoscerli.<br />
C'è poi il mistero di chi siano realmente gli autori<br />
<strong>de</strong>i ricatlo. In una situazione come quella irakena<br />
non è davvero impossibile lanciare elichelte<br />
false. Si tratla di opposilori curdi, 0 di altri che<br />
1I .ne assumono il nome? È un'inizialiva inlerna 0<br />
un colpo di mana di iraniani camullali? l'inlerrogativo<br />
è rilevante perché, ovviamente, riman.<br />
da alla individuazione di quella che dovrebbe<br />
essere la conlroparte con cui, eventualmenIe,<br />
trattare (0 non trattare) direllamente 0 atlraver.<br />
so mediatori. Ed è anche intprrogativo rilevanle<br />
sotto l'asp<strong>et</strong>lo politico, poiché ci dà il segno di<br />
una siluazione estremamenle intrigata nella<br />
quale evi<strong>de</strong>ntemente non basla una verbale di.<br />
chiarazione di .neulralità. <strong>de</strong>ll'ltalia per evitare<br />
il coinvolgimenlo in rischi. Perlino nel caso che<br />
si tratti di puro banditismo comune, si avrebbe<br />
egualmenle la prova di un ginepraio nel quale è<br />
bene non avventurarsi improwidamenle.<br />
Quel che si puô dire, in queste circostanze, è<br />
che occorrono nervi saldi e pru<strong>de</strong>nza: e non<br />
solo nella .gestione. <strong>de</strong>i caso ma anche nei<br />
riguardi <strong>de</strong>ll'opinione pubblica ..Si slia bene attenti<br />
a non ca<strong>de</strong>re in suggestioni muscolari, per.<br />
ché allora sarebbe inevitabile ricordare che è<br />
proprio per ragioni di poli/ica interna che si è<br />
<strong>de</strong>ciso di imbarcarsi in quella che De Mita ha<br />
<strong>de</strong>finito un'awenlura.<br />
IRAN<br />
-)<br />
I
..<br />
rUnità servizio<br />
n comunicato a Beirut La Farnesina conferma<br />
Un gruppo curdo rivendica Il primo rapimento risale<br />
«Abbiamo tre italiani, a m<strong>et</strong>à s<strong>et</strong>tembre<br />
andatevene dat Golfo)) ma si era tenuto il segr<strong>et</strong>o<br />
Già da un mese un italiano<br />
nelle Mani <strong>de</strong>i rapitori<br />
È ormai chiaro che per i tre tecnici italiani sequestrati<br />
presso Mossul, nell'Irak s<strong>et</strong>tentrionale, da un<br />
preslJnto gruppo kurdo filoiraniano, è cominciato<br />
un vero e proprio dramma. Roberto Diotallevi, Sergio<br />
Cominelli e Giuseppe Carrara sono stati infatti<br />
rapiti per «punire» la .presenza militare italiana nel<br />
Golfo Persico» e per l'aiuto .dato al regime irakeno».<br />
/I nostro governo ha iniziato le trattative.<br />
Chi sono<br />
I curdl?<br />
«GIi orfanl<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'unlverso))<br />
WLADIMIRO<br />
_ ROMA. Ombre fasche<br />
sulla presenza ilaliana nel Gal.<br />
10 Persico, paura e preoccu.<br />
pazione per la sorte <strong>de</strong>i Ire<br />
tecnici italiani rapiti da un pre.<br />
sunto gruppo kurdo 1iI0irania.<br />
no che ha rivendicato l'azione<br />
a Beirut. -Abbiamo in mana<br />
SergIo ComineUi, Giuseppe<br />
Carrara eRoberto Diotallevi -<br />
questa il succo <strong>de</strong>lla rivendi.<br />
cazione faua giungere alle<br />
agenzie di stampa - e la no.<br />
stra è una protp,;la ('ontra<br />
l'aiuto al regime iracheno e la<br />
presenza mllitare italiana nel-<br />
Ie acque <strong>de</strong>l Golfo •. Il messag.<br />
g'o. scriuo in arabo, era stalo<br />
falto recapitare, poco dopo le<br />
ore 15. e subito la notizia era<br />
rimbalzata in Italia. Per are, i<br />
giomalistl, avevano cercato di<br />
sapere dal ministero <strong>de</strong>gli<br />
Esteri se la notizia <strong>de</strong>i sequestra,<br />
awenuto nell'Irak seUen-,<br />
trianale, era vera 0 se si tralla.<br />
va solo dl voci 0 magari di un<br />
errore di persone. A lungo, in:<br />
SETTIMEW<br />
fatti, erano slati falli circolare<br />
nomi che non erano ,affauo<br />
ilaliani. Sempre voci non con.<br />
fermate affermavano che si<br />
trauava, comunqùe, di di pen.<br />
<strong>de</strong>nti <strong>de</strong>lla -Saipem. (Eni), ma<br />
solo in serata arrivavano i<br />
chiarimenli ufliciali, con una<br />
nota <strong>de</strong>lla Famesina nella<br />
quale si confermava il rapi.<br />
menta in ques!i termini: -In<br />
merito alle no!izie di agenzia<br />
riguardanli il rapimento dl tre<br />
tecnici italiani in Irak, si preci.<br />
sa che Ire dipen<strong>de</strong>nti di dIlle<br />
italiane operan!i in quel paese<br />
- a seguito di due distinti epi.<br />
sodi - sono in efleUi traUenuti<br />
in condizioni in via di accertamenlo,<br />
apparentemente da<br />
gruppi <strong>de</strong>lla guerriglia kurda,<br />
la cui affiliazione polilica non<br />
è chiara •. Il comunicato <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
Famesina continuava spie.<br />
gando l'accadulo: -II primo<br />
episodio, awenuto inlomo a<br />
melà seUembre presso Mos.<br />
sul, ha riguardalo .1connaz.o-<br />
Cosi ha <strong>de</strong>finito il sua popola, _gli orlani <strong>de</strong>ll'Universo.,<br />
uno <strong>de</strong>i lea<strong>de</strong>r mitici <strong>de</strong>i turdi: Mustafa Barzani marta nel<br />
'79 dopo aver speso l'intera vila a combaUere per oUenere<br />
il diriUo ad uno Stalo indipen<strong>de</strong>nte curdo. Un obiellivo<br />
perseguilo con tenacia per quasi 70 anni da una nazione<br />
che conla 10 milioni di individui divisi ln cinque StaU:<br />
Threhia, Iran, Irak, Siria e Unione Sovi<strong>et</strong>ica. La storia <strong>de</strong>i<br />
curdi si per<strong>de</strong> nella nOlle <strong>de</strong>i secoli. Sono uno <strong>de</strong>i popoli di<br />
stirpe indoeuropea più antichi e vantano figure mitlche<br />
come l'emlro Salah-ed-din, meglio nota come .i1 ferace<br />
Saladino. che nel 1187 sbaragliO i craciati e riconquislO<br />
ail 'Islam Gerusalemrne. Sono di religione mUSlllmano-sun.<br />
nita e solo un'esigua minoranza che vive in Iran è scüta.<br />
L'iconografia tradiziortale Ii dipinge come -lieri monlana.<br />
ri., ma un lara proverbio la dice lunga sulla lara storia.<br />
Dice: -Giù dalle montagne i curdi non hanna amici •. Anzi<br />
dal I :J20 i curdi non solo non hanna amici ma .ullicial.<br />
men:e non esistono •.<br />
nale Sergio Cominelli, mentre<br />
il seconda, che risale a una<br />
<strong>de</strong>cina di giomi fa, ha coinvol.<br />
la, in allra località, I connazionail<br />
Giuseppe Carrara e Roberto<br />
Diota:tevi. Il ministero<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli Esteri, in contallo con le<br />
dille ir.teressate ha immedia.<br />
lamenle aUivalo, nel riserbe<br />
che era doveroso mantenere<br />
in casi umani cosi complessi e<br />
<strong>de</strong>licati, tulli gli opportuni ca.<br />
nali per chiarire la posizione<br />
<strong>de</strong>i nastri connazionali e lavorire<br />
una rapida conclusione<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla vicenda •.<br />
La con ferma lagliava dunque<br />
corto alie incertezze e ai<br />
dubbi: il sequestro <strong>de</strong>i Ire con.<br />
nazionali c'pra stato dawero<br />
ed era awenuto nel campo di<br />
Bayj, a cenlo chilomelri a<br />
nord di Bagdad, il 2 onobre<br />
scorso. Il primo, quella di Comin<strong>et</strong>;i,<br />
era slato addirillura<br />
portalo a termine illS seilern.<br />
bre scorso: il giorno esallo<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla par1enl.) (lf'1
Storie di rivolte<br />
e massacri<br />
rUnità servizio<br />
17S.000 arrcsU. 370 condanne<br />
a morte: ecco il bio<br />
lando <strong>de</strong>Ue prime due<br />
grosse illsurrezionl cur<strong>de</strong> in<br />
Turchia nel 1925 e nel<br />
1925.30. Ma sari neUa 1er.<br />
za <strong>de</strong>i '37 che il movimento<br />
curdo verrà sbaragliato e<br />
reso inoffensivo per molli anni da Ankara. Ribellioni a<br />
catena anche in Iran: nel 1920, nel 1932, nel '45-'46<br />
Propria nel '46 in Iran I curdi riuscirono ad ollenere un<br />
piccolo Slato indipen<strong>de</strong>nle, la Repubblica di Mahabad che<br />
è rimaslo la prima ed unica esperienza <strong>de</strong>i Renere annegala<br />
nel Si1ngue daU'esercito <strong>de</strong>Uo scii. E rieccoli i .lieri<br />
monlanari. in armi contra Teheran nel '79 quando lalliscono<br />
le speranze di ollenere dalla rivoluzione di Khomeinl<br />
queUo ehe Reza Palhavi aveva sempre lara negalo. Da<br />
allara e soprallullo con la guerra Iran-Irak sono prolilerau<br />
in Iran i gruppi filoirakeni e in Irak i gruppi liloiraniani.<br />
Le loro<br />
vicissitudini<br />
con Baghdad<br />
Si chiama regione aulonoma<br />
di Erbil la regione in cui<br />
vivona i curdi in Irak. È stata<br />
creata nel '74 e go<strong>de</strong> sulla<br />
carta di un'autonomia<br />
molto limitata. Intanto la regione<br />
non compren<strong>de</strong> la<br />
zona pelroliiera di Kir1
•<br />
la<br />
servizio<br />
I due teenici <strong>de</strong>l Gie. sono<br />
stali sequestratI daiguerriglieri<br />
curdi a Ba'iji, un cantiere<br />
cento chilom<strong>et</strong>ri a nord di Bagdad,<br />
dove il gruppo ha ultimato,<br />
sulla base di una commessa<br />
acquisita nel 1980 una<br />
centrale temloclellrica composta<br />
da sei gruppi da 220 megawall<br />
ciascuno. La centrale<br />
si trova allualmente nell'anno<br />
di garanzia ed è percià assistitél<br />
cia un f1\Jm('roric;tn~tfi ...... imo<br />
di dipen<strong>de</strong>nti <strong>de</strong>lla soci<strong>et</strong>à che<br />
non supererebbe le sei unità.<br />
Diotallevi, 47 anni, nato a Bologna<br />
~ resi<strong>de</strong>l)te " Gallarate,<br />
opera In Iraq da ollre quallro<br />
anni. Anualmente è responsabile<br />
meccanico <strong>de</strong>lla centrale.<br />
Icurdi S01W frammentati.<br />
Giuseppe Carrara. 32 anni, 0-<br />
riginario <strong>de</strong>i bergamasco, perita<br />
industriale, da tre anni 0-<br />
pera per il Gie in Iraq, come<br />
str..::::.; .. ::_ '_. _ J.' ••~ ~~!'3Vviamenta<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'impianta.<br />
La Sae. soci<strong>et</strong>A anonima di<br />
el<strong>et</strong>trificazione. ehe in un primo<br />
tempo ha smentito il rapimenta<br />
di Comin<strong>et</strong>ti, appartiene<br />
alla multinazianale svizzera<br />
Brown Boveri. Un gruppo<br />
elellromeccanico il cui nome<br />
negli ultimi mesi è apparso rip<strong>et</strong>utamente<br />
sulle pagine <strong>de</strong>i<br />
giomali. inseguito allafusione<br />
con la multinazianale sve<strong>de</strong>se<br />
A,,'a Il malrimonio. a IlInl10<br />
contrastato dai sindacati sve<strong>de</strong>si,<br />
consente al raggruppamentodi<br />
raggiungere un fallurata<br />
di 20 mila miliardi di lire.<br />
I rapporti Ira il gruppo cui fa<br />
capo la Sae e il Gie sono comunque<br />
più streui di quanto<br />
trajazioni di varia osse1Vanza<br />
Un'nazionalismo sfruttato<br />
da troppe rngion di S,tato<br />
/mll./mq. Turchia. Siria<br />
e Unione Sovi<strong>et</strong>ica<br />
nega1W a questo popolo<br />
ogni autonomia. ma Ile<br />
usallO le aspiraziolli<br />
con/ro gli Stati vicùzi<br />
PARLARE <strong>de</strong>lla questione curda<br />
è in realtà addcntrarsi in un \ZlnCpraio,<br />
in una miria<strong>de</strong> di movimenti,<br />
di all,'anze che si fissano e<br />
si capovolgono senza che ne e-<br />
merga un programma comunc<br />
che I;esca, dare al problema un sieuro<br />
rilievo intemazionale. I curdi<br />
hanno una precisa i<strong>de</strong>ntità nazionale,<br />
manon riesconoadaffermare<br />
il dirino ad una loro nazione:<br />
sono di origine ind~uropea,<br />
in maggioranza convenitosi all'islam<br />
hanno dunque una loro lingua<br />
cd una loro cultura. ma vivono<br />
(sono circa 20 milioni) spa!'>i<br />
tra Iran, Iraq. Turchia, Siria, e U-<br />
nione Sovi<strong>et</strong>ica. Nc'Ssuno di questi<br />
paesi riconosce loro un minimodi<br />
autonomia, ma tuni ne hanno<br />
sfrunato - e continuano tunora<br />
- le ambizioni autonomiste<br />
per i loro fini geopolitic;: i loro<br />
continui rigurgiti di rivolta accompagnano<br />
e scandiscono le<br />
tensioni ehe da sempre tormentano<br />
la re~ione. alleati ara <strong>de</strong>ll'uno<br />
ora <strong>de</strong>ll altro, quindi sempre divisi<br />
tradi loroesempre su fronli opposti<br />
a seconda <strong>de</strong>i paese che Ii<br />
«sponsorizza •.<br />
Cosllamappa<strong>de</strong>Ualoro inesausta<br />
guerriglia si confon<strong>de</strong> con le a-<br />
nimosilà e le guerre di una regionevulnerabilee<strong>de</strong>licata<br />
per gli interessi<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle grandi potenze. E,<br />
perdipiù, \~vonoinunazona molto<br />
importante per le sue risen'e<br />
naturali: p<strong>et</strong>rolia nella regione di<br />
Kirkuke Suleimania (Iraq), e nell'<br />
Anatolia orientale (Turchia),<br />
rame, oro. argento e urania i cui<br />
giacimenti. data la situazione politica,<br />
sono solo parzialmente<br />
sfruttati. Oggi-come afferma un<br />
loro rappresentante - essi sono<br />
'prigiomcri <strong>de</strong>lla guerra <strong>de</strong>l Golfou:<br />
aIcune tribù irachene appoggiano<br />
Komeini. altre - che vivo-<br />
di PIERO BENET AZZO<br />
no in lran-locombauono in una<br />
guerra sanguinosa e cru<strong>de</strong>le che è<br />
\Ziàcostata loro 40.000 morti (seconda<br />
cifre fomite dai portavoci<br />
curdi).<br />
Unadura<br />
repre;Wone<br />
In Turchia-la più str<strong>et</strong>taalleata<br />
sia di Iran che di Iraq - vivona<br />
in una situalione di dura repressione<br />
d~ quando il generale Ataturk<br />
vc..le uno stato fonemente<br />
centrahzzato (.i curdi semplice<br />
Rtente nonesistono-) 0daquando,<br />
più recentemente, la guerra COntro<br />
Komeini hacostreno malte <strong>de</strong>cine<br />
di migliaia di curdi a cerCare<br />
rifugio oltre frontiera .• Al di fuori<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle montagane, nessuno ci è a-<br />
mico-. recita un vecchio prove~hHll"Urd()cht.'li.intcf1773Iec'mo7i'l<br />
ni di secoli di repressione e di stru.<br />
mentalizzazione. In reallà nel<br />
1920 i1trattato di Sevres che sand<br />
la fine <strong>de</strong>ll'impero ottomano, aveva<br />
riconosciuto ai curdi dignità di<br />
nazione. ma tre anni dopo le grandi<br />
potçDZe di allara, in prima luoga<br />
la Gran Br<strong>et</strong>agna preferirono<br />
iiaffermare ilprincipio<strong>de</strong>lla spartizione<br />
sulla creazione di uno Staloche.<br />
nella sua compattezza ed 0-<br />
mogeneità. si sarebbe presentato<br />
di difficile controlla e gestazione.<br />
I curdi ebbero in realtà la loro<br />
gran<strong>de</strong> occasione nel1967, quando<br />
approfittando <strong>de</strong>lla <strong>de</strong>bolezza<br />
<strong>de</strong>l mondoaraboseguitaallasconflua<br />
nella ~rra contro !sracle.li'<br />
rivolta d<strong>et</strong> curdi iracheni guidati<br />
daMustafà Barzani. sembropoter<br />
diventare un momenlo coagulante<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'inlml movimenlo cumo,lI<br />
vecch!o Barzani - che aveva a<br />
lungo oscillato tra Mosca e Wa-<br />
~hm~un - l'fa arpO~fiatn d.:lc1i<br />
americani, preoccupat; dall'accorda<br />
di collaborazione cd amiclzia<br />
firmato da Mosca e Bagdad,<br />
ma sopranuno dall'lran <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
Scià ansioso di contenere 10 slancio<br />
regionale <strong>de</strong>ltradizionale nemico<br />
iracheno. Per anni la guerrigliadi<br />
Barzani passàda un successoall'<br />
altroe i giomalisti checercavanodi<br />
.coprire.lesue gesta pote-<br />
\'ano accedcre nel _Kurdistan_<br />
solo muniti di lasciapassare emessi<br />
dal sua .ufficio-: di fallo .i cra<br />
creata. in tcnitorio iracht.'no. una<br />
non appaia a prima vista. Uno<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli azionisti Gie,I'industriale<br />
Giampiero Pesenti che controlla<br />
la Tosi ha firmato recentemente<br />
un "l('C''"'rrio COTl",_ ...<br />
Brown Boveri.<br />
Innesœkl<br />
lapo/emiœ<br />
Per di più, tutti i gruppi interessati<br />
proclucono sia nel s<strong>et</strong>tore<br />
el<strong>et</strong>tromeccanico che in<br />
quella nucleare. Ora, il fana<br />
che Bagdad abbia già impianti<br />
nucleari e la vicenda che nei<br />
giomi scorsi ha inveslito l'Ansaldo,<br />
accusata di spedire materiale<br />
nucleare in Iraq, ha immediatamente<br />
innescato la<br />
micda <strong>de</strong>lla polemica.<br />
Comunque sia l'interscambio<br />
<strong>de</strong>l nostro paese è andato<br />
lUna autonoma e che trauegg,ava<br />
quel sogno di autonomia, quasi<br />
un' indipe<strong>de</strong>nza, da seeoli collivato<br />
come una leggenda, nelle .saghe.<br />
di un popolo perseguitato.<br />
Ma l'illusione ebbe breve durata:<br />
si areno bruscamente neU'accordo<br />
di Algeri <strong>de</strong>ll975 con cui 10<br />
Scià si appago <strong>de</strong>Ua sua villoria su<br />
Saddam Hussein sacrificando velocemente<br />
i curdi, diventati nuovamente<br />
«un problen13», una minaccia<br />
agli equilibri <strong>de</strong>lla regione<br />
ed ai principi di centralismo di<br />
uno Stato poco propenso, come<br />
<strong>de</strong>l resto Komeini, a concedcre dignità<br />
di autonomia ad una minaranza<br />
in un paese in cui quasi la<br />
m<strong>et</strong>à <strong>de</strong>lla popolazione rivendica<br />
un'i<strong>de</strong>ntità precisa che non si i-<br />
<strong>de</strong>ntifica con la .cultura persiana-.<br />
L'accordo di allora preve<strong>de</strong>va,<br />
da pane irachena <strong>de</strong>lle r.reeise<br />
concessioni temtoriali sul.a frontiera<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla Shau-EI Arab in cambia<br />
<strong>de</strong>U'impegno <strong>de</strong>l.o Scià a cessare<br />
ogni aiutu alla guerriglia di<br />
Barzani.<br />
L'accordo segno una vera e propria<br />
svolta nelle torm~ntate vicen<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>i nazionalismo curdo: priva<br />
<strong>de</strong>i suoi sostegni esterni il movimer.to<br />
on<strong>de</strong>ggià, si franlumo in<br />
tutta una serie di fazioni e riseopri<br />
I., o!uto rapire i U-e ingnegneri italiani<br />
e quali possano essere i veri<br />
obi<strong>et</strong>tivi <strong>de</strong>ll operazione. Talaba,<br />
ni, dopo aver tentato senza succeso<br />
di riconciliarsi con Saddam<br />
Hussein, ha ripreso la su .. l<strong>et</strong>ta<br />
contra gli irauheni. Jn lolla c-':!.<br />
tro Bagdad sono ora ar~'tt' ; t.a:;<br />
<strong>de</strong>l vecchio BalLani, n.... "'''lando<br />
accuratamente agni collcgame ...<br />
ta con gli uomini di Talabani. ln<br />
Turchia il fulcro <strong>de</strong>i movùnemto<br />
curdo mantiene una sua laicità socialistae<br />
~ soprattutto verso<br />
l'Unione &lvi<strong>et</strong>ica.<br />
E in Iran la lottacontro Komeini<br />
non conosce soste. ln realtà il<br />
.Partito <strong>de</strong>mocratico curcio- guidata<br />
da Abdol Rahame Ghassemlau<br />
si è a lungo bauuto contro 10<br />
Scià ed aveva appoggiato con fervore<br />
la rivoluzionc di Komeini. I<br />
suai rappresentanti erano stati<br />
chiamati nel .consiglio <strong>de</strong>gli e-<br />
speni- incaricato di elaborare il<br />
testo cO!.'!ituzionale <strong>de</strong>l nuoyo regime.<br />
sembrava una specie di riconoscimenlo<br />
esplicilo <strong>de</strong>i diritli di<br />
autonomia culturale e politica per<br />
cui si batteva il partito curdo. Ma.<br />
nell'agoslo<strong>de</strong>l1979.Korneiniproclamava<br />
la .Guerrasanta contra il<br />
popolo curcio- • colpevole di ce~care<br />
un' autonomia che sembrava<br />
rimeltere in discussione la guida<br />
spirituale <strong>de</strong>l vecchio ayatOllah.<br />
mache in realtàcontestavasoltanta<br />
itradizionaIi . .. di rigido<br />
centralismo a cw~ il JIUCM)<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r-come IoScii-hadimostralodi<br />
voIeni~.<br />
Da aIIora la pUoIa d'online di<br />
Ghassemlou-oo<strong>de</strong>mocrazia per l'<br />
Iran. autonomia peril Curdistan_<br />
- siè scontrata COll ilfervore mistico<br />
di un komeinIsmo che non<br />
amm<strong>et</strong>te la .divenità>t e accusa il<br />
partita<strong>de</strong>mocraticocurdodi laicismo.<br />
Nelle vecchie città di Maltabad-dove<br />
nell945 i curdi erano<br />
riusciti per breve tempo a procla.<br />
l1IlII'e uno s&ato indipen<strong>de</strong>Dte - e<br />
nelle altre città oSlDriche. si sono<br />
affoUati i .pasdaran. iguardiani<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla purezza komeinista e mi-<br />
•<br />
LA STAMPA 13 oUobre 1987<br />
Un movimento k~rdo filoiral!iano ri~.end~_~a_~~~e9u_~!~~<strong>de</strong>i tecnici in Iraq<br />
Rapili Ire ilaliani: «Lasciate il Golfo»<br />
La cattura era tenuta segr<strong>et</strong>a dalla Farnesina per dare ~p:u.io aile trattative - Lll\'Oravano a una centrale termocl<strong>et</strong>trira - I<br />
~uerriglieri protestano per ((l'aiuto di Roma a Baghdad.) - CllUta fiducia di Palazzo Oûgi: «(Nonè la prima mita che acc;,<strong>de</strong>l)<br />
ROMA - Tre tecnlcl ItalIanl<br />
sono staU raplU nell'Iraq<br />
scttcntrlonale da un<br />
gruppo dl guerrigllerl curdl<br />
flIo-lranianl che reclamano,<br />
con un comunlcato diffusa<br />
leri pomerlgglo da Beirut, Il<br />
rlUro <strong>de</strong>lla nostra task forc~<br />
dal Golfo e la fine dl un aBserlto<br />
aluto al regime dl Baghdad.<br />
La noUzia <strong>de</strong>i sequestra.<br />
che sarebbe avvenuto<br />
In due fasl tra m<strong>et</strong>à s<strong>et</strong>tembre<br />
l' l'tnlzio di ottobre. è<br />
stata mantenuta segr<strong>et</strong>a da]<br />
IQvemo Italiano, che nel<br />
fi'attempo aveva attivl\to<br />
tutti I canali disponibili per<br />
Intavolare trattaUve con I ribelli<br />
curd!.<br />
Ma Il comunicato reso<br />
nota leri nella capitale libanese<br />
ha vlolato quella cortina<br />
dl riserbo sorpren<strong>de</strong>ntemente<br />
mantenuta per qualche<br />
s<strong>et</strong>Umana attorno a<br />
questa .caso. dl'sUnato<br />
a<strong>de</strong>sso a rlnfocolare le polemiche<br />
sull'lnvlo <strong>de</strong>lle nastre<br />
unltà militari dal Golfo, Il<br />
documenta dattlloscrltto in<br />
arabo flrmato dall'.Unione<br />
nazianale <strong>de</strong>I KurdIstan Iracheno.<br />
era stato recapitato<br />
lerl a un'agenzia di stampa<br />
InternazIanale a Beirut. La<br />
noUzia <strong>de</strong>I raplmento dl Sergio<br />
Comin<strong>et</strong>ti, Giuseppe<br />
Carrara l' Roberto Dlotallevi,<br />
è splegata dal movimento<br />
curdo come •una protesta<br />
contra l'aiuto italiano al regime<br />
iracheno l' la presenza<br />
mi/itare j ta/iana nelle acqlle<br />
<strong>de</strong>i Golfo •. Con la conseguente<br />
rlchlesta dl rlUrare<br />
la flotta <strong>de</strong>lla Marina Itallana<br />
al comando <strong>de</strong>ll'ammiragila<br />
Mariani.<br />
I trI' teenlei sarebbero statl<br />
sequestratl in due fasi. Il<br />
primo, Comin<strong>et</strong>tl, era scomparsa<br />
dalla regionI' attomo<br />
a Mussul attomo aliI' m<strong>et</strong>ll<br />
dl s<strong>et</strong>tembre, comunque<br />
dopo la partenza <strong>de</strong>lle Ilavi<br />
per II Golfo. GII altrl due.<br />
Carrara l' Dlotallevl, sono<br />
spariU all'Inlz!o dl ottobre,<br />
sempre nella regionI' s<strong>et</strong>tentrIanale<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Iraq, dove plù<br />
diffusa è la r1bellIone curda,<br />
Interrogato dal giornallsU<br />
alla Camera subito dopo<br />
l'arriva <strong>de</strong>I dlspacclo d'agenlia<br />
da Beirut, Gorla ha dlchlarato<br />
inlzlalmente che si<br />
sapeva <strong>de</strong>l raplmento .da<br />
<strong>et</strong>nque gioml.. Ma questa<br />
prlmlUva versionI' è stata<br />
r<strong>et</strong>tlflcata dalle succeslve<br />
note ufficlall dl Palazzo Chigi<br />
l' <strong>de</strong>lla Fameslna che ricollocano<br />
Il trIpIlee raplmento<br />
a QUalchI's<strong>et</strong>tlmana addl<strong>et</strong>ro.<br />
L'annunclo da Beirut ha<br />
comunque messo In agita-<br />
IIone le autorltà <strong>de</strong>l Palazzo.<br />
D preSi<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>l Consiglio<br />
Oorla è sallto al colle <strong>de</strong>i<br />
quirinalI' per un glà pro-<br />
IJ'lU1UIUltoIncontro con il<br />
Capo <strong>de</strong>lla Btato. Ma il colloquia<br />
con Cossiga ha avuto<br />
certo fra I terni dominanU<br />
proprio Il tripllee rapimento<br />
l' le rlchieste <strong>de</strong>l movimento<br />
eurdo flIo-iranlano. La notlzia<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla convocazione di un<br />
vertlce a Palazzo Chigi fra<br />
Oorla ~I mlIl!~trn c1rJJa T1,fpsa<br />
ZanonI' l' un rappresentante<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla Famesina (Andreotti<br />
è ln vlaggio per la<br />
Thailandla) è clrcolata per<br />
qualchI' ora, poi è Stata<br />
smentlta. Ma Il presi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
Messaggi chiari<br />
Come 6e non blUW6erO<br />
tuttI' le altre impllca.rioni l'<br />
compllca.rioni, oro anche<br />
l'antica questione curda irrompe<br />
sulla scena <strong>de</strong>i Golfo,<br />
fra i suai moltepli<strong>et</strong> attori,<br />
a rlprova <strong>de</strong>ll1ncredibile<br />
interclipentlen.eu tra<br />
fatti e problemi anche Temoti,<br />
nelle crl.ri <strong>de</strong>i monda<br />
contemporaneo. Ma questa<br />
e un data di fatto, col quall'<br />
tutti, in qualunque Paese,<br />
dobbiarno fare i conti.<br />
Dopa la notIzla <strong>de</strong>i rapimenta<br />
<strong>de</strong>i tre tecnici italiani<br />
in Iraq, il probll'm4 e:<br />
con chi abbiamo a che fare?<br />
Con una fazione curda, diciarno<br />
cosl, pragmatica, con<br />
la qtuJle.e po3sibile avviare<br />
le trodizionali trattative <strong>de</strong>i<br />
sequestrI? In passato, cas!<br />
<strong>de</strong>i genere sono stati feli£emente<br />
risolti. Oppure con<br />
una fazione estremista l'<br />
.!<strong>de</strong>ologica_, legata ail 'Iran<br />
di Khomeini da un preci.ro<br />
34,<br />
rapporta politico? In questa<br />
secondo ipotesi, e chiara, il<br />
coso si comp/ica.<br />
Che fare. se t'l'11isse conferT1UJtala<br />
rlchiesta <strong>de</strong>i rltiro<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla nostra squadra navale<br />
dol Golfo? E' ovvio che<br />
nessuno Stato <strong>de</strong>gno di<br />
questa nome pue) farsi d<strong>et</strong>tOTP<br />
la VT()p"'!D Pl ,fi tl. fi<br />
estera (perc~ di questa si<br />
tratta) dol rlcatto di un<br />
gruppo guen;gliero, l' comunque<br />
rinuncia". alla tutela<br />
dl inleressi ~onali<br />
rltmuti prlmarl dalle autorlt4<br />
comp<strong>et</strong>enti: nel coso di<br />
un Paese <strong>de</strong>mocratico come<br />
l'Italia, dol governo l' dol<br />
Parlamenta.<br />
Naturalmente, bi.rogna<br />
anche adoperarsi concr<strong>et</strong>amente,<br />
con tutti i mezzi immaginabili.<br />
per salvare la<br />
vita l' ottenere i/ rllascio <strong>de</strong>gli<br />
ostaggi innocenti.<br />
La possibilit4 di far pervenire<br />
messaggi chian ai<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Consiglio, asslsLlto da!<br />
suo conslgllere dIplomatIco<br />
Fontana GiustI. è stato constantemente<br />
in str<strong>et</strong>to contatto<br />
sia eon la Fames1na<br />
sla con,il ministero <strong>de</strong>lla 01-<br />
fo:sal' I servlzl informativ!. D<br />
mlnlstro Zanone ha convocato<br />
lerl sera una r1unlone<br />
<strong>de</strong>i suai plù str<strong>et</strong>tl collaboratori.<br />
Le note dlramate dalla<br />
presl<strong>de</strong>nza <strong>de</strong>l Consiglio l'<br />
dalla Famesina sono sostanzialmente<br />
concordl nI'l<br />
conce<strong>de</strong>rI' .elementi di fondatuzu.<br />
all'annunclo <strong>de</strong>l<br />
gruppo curdo. Ma il minlstero<br />
<strong>de</strong>gll Esterl è molto pru<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
sulla eff<strong>et</strong>tlva aUiIlazione<br />
politlca <strong>de</strong>ll'. Unlone<br />
nazianale <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan iracheno.,<br />
ehe si è professata<br />
filo-Iraniana. stando almena<br />
aile richleste per il rliasclo<br />
<strong>de</strong>i nostri tre connazlonall.<br />
Il mlnlstero <strong>de</strong>gll Esterl giudlca<br />
Intattl •non chiara_<br />
questa afrniazione l' nella<br />
nota diffusa ieri sera slUmlta<br />
a ren<strong>de</strong>r nota che, .in<br />
contatto con le ditte interessate,<br />
ha immediatamente attivato<br />
nel riseroo che era do-<br />
Vl'roso mantenere III casi<br />
IImani cosl complessi l' <strong>de</strong>licati<br />
tutti gl. opportuni cana-<br />
Ii per chianTe la PO'" ...!Il 'I('<br />
<strong>de</strong>i nostri connazionali ~ favorire<br />
una rapida conclusione<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla vicenda.. Palazzo<br />
Chigi fa mostra di una cauta<br />
f1ducla nI'l suo comunlcato.<br />
quando rlcorda che .non é la<br />
prima volta che inci<strong>de</strong>nti <strong>de</strong>l<br />
genere si sono verificati nella<br />
porte s<strong>et</strong>tentrionale <strong>de</strong>ll'Iraq<br />
I'd in passato tali eventi sono<br />
stati felicemente rlsolti cd é<br />
rapatorl non dovrebbe ma1lcare<br />
alla nostra diplomazia,<br />
che si muove armai do <strong>de</strong>cmni<br />
nella selva <strong>de</strong>lle dispute<br />
mediterranee l' mediarientalt.<br />
Ma bisogna naturalmente<br />
disporre di messaggi<br />
chiarl. Il peggio sarebbe<br />
che si aprlsse III<br />
Italia una crlsi emotiva,<br />
con conseguenti lacerazioni<br />
politiche l' manifestazioni<br />
varie d1nstabillt4.<br />
Questa farebbe soltanto i/<br />
gioco <strong>de</strong>i rapi tari, specie se<br />
politicamente matit'(J Ii l'<br />
!splrati; non aiuterebbe a<br />
salvare M gli ostaggi né la<br />
dig1lit4 <strong>de</strong>i Paese.<br />
Aldo Rizzo<br />
Il questa fine che si stanno<br />
adaperando le II08tre rappresentenza<br />
diplomatlche-.<br />
Il prece<strong>de</strong>nte al qUall' allu<strong>de</strong><br />
la nota dl Palazzo Chigi<br />
ricorda Il raplmento, tra<br />
tanti altrl stranlerl, dl Antonio<br />
Chlavcrlnl, un alLro tecnico<br />
sequestrata due annl fa<br />
nella stessa rep;lone dl Mossul<br />
c rHaselato dopo qualehe<br />
mese dl nl'Kozlatl da guerrlglieri<br />
di un altro 1Il0vimento<br />
indipen<strong>de</strong>ntistico curdo.<br />
Questo lascerebbe ben sperare<br />
anche per la lIberazione<br />
dl Comm<strong>et</strong>t!. Carrera l' 010-<br />
tallev!.<br />
In questa incrocio dl passloni<br />
Indlpen<strong>de</strong>sliche l' dl<br />
strumentallzzazioni neilI'<br />
man! dl chi sono finiti i trI'<br />
tecnicl italiani? A Roma per<br />
a<strong>de</strong>sso non si hanno Indizl<br />
preclsi, Soltanto la rivelldicazione<br />
<strong>de</strong>l ritiro <strong>de</strong>lle nostre<br />
unità dal Golfo l' la fine<br />
<strong>de</strong>l )Jr<strong>et</strong>eso appoKP;ioal regime<br />
di Saddam Hussein fa<br />
schierare qursto gruppo <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
.nebulesa_ <strong>de</strong>lla resistenza<br />
curda sn posizionl esplicitamente<br />
filo-Iraniane. La<br />
s\l"ranza drlla nnstrll divinl"<br />
',' '1.;1'" .) •.•••''' ..f'<br />
siano state reclamizzate dal<br />
movimento rlbelle soltanto<br />
per dar maggiore impatto<br />
alla sua latta contra Baddam<br />
Hussein l' per ottenere<br />
un magglor riscai\o. In passato<br />
casl analoghl sono staU<br />
rlsoltl con abbondandl Inlezionl<br />
di fondl per f1nanzlare<br />
la guerrlglla, con fornlture<br />
di armi 0 medicinall.<br />
Ieri sera Goria si è limitata<br />
a dire: •bl.rogna usare la<br />
massimll cautela.. Questo<br />
splega la segr<strong>et</strong>ezza con CUl<br />
la dlplomazia italiana l' le<br />
ditte <strong>de</strong>l tre raplti avevano<br />
awolto flnora I contaLtl per<br />
avviare le trattative con il<br />
gruppo rapltore. Se questa<br />
ipotesl si rivelerà glusta. i<br />
negozlatl potranno esserI'<br />
lunghi l'anche dlfficUl, ma<br />
l'esito do,'rebbe rlsultare positiva.<br />
Ma se I trI' teenlei fossero<br />
invece caduti neilI'<br />
mani <strong>de</strong>l gruppo pill fanatica<br />
dl"lI'lntegrismo lsIamlco<br />
In senn alla reslstenza eurda,<br />
come le richleste lascerebbero<br />
ternere, allara il ricatto<br />
potrebbe avere un efl<strong>et</strong>10<br />
dlrompente. Questo è Il<br />
pesante timorI' che len sera<br />
si coglll'va negli ambient!<br />
It0vemat.lvi ln attesa dl notl-<br />
7011' l' chiarlmentl dal Media<br />
Oriente. anche se la parola<br />
d'ordine è .non drammatlz-<br />
~arp.. per non tar alzare ancor<br />
dl plù la POSta.<br />
Paolo Patnmo<br />
-)
•<br />
LASTAMPA servizio<br />
Uno <strong>de</strong>i tecnici è stato rapito dagli indipen<strong>de</strong>ntisti a m<strong>et</strong>à s<strong>et</strong>tembre.<br />
Da un mese nelle manill<strong>et</strong>.lmrdi'<br />
E' il dipen<strong>de</strong>nte di una azienda eleltronica - Gli altri lamravano<br />
da anni per una dilta milanew in una centrale eleltrica<br />
Nell'8S italiano preso eliberato<br />
DALLA AEDAZIONE MILANESE<br />
MILANO - .L 110 appreso<br />
lllksso dal lelegl0rn4le •. dlce<br />
al telefono, sconvolta. da B0-<br />
logna. la cognata dl Roberto<br />
Dlotallevl. Ingegnere. uno<br />
<strong>de</strong>i tre tecnic1 italian! raplt!<br />
dal gruppe <strong>de</strong>fInItos! •Unlone<br />
NazIanale <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan<br />
iracheno.. .MI scusf, 71\4<br />
sono in condt.rionl tall che<br />
non ml "cardo neppure pjÙ<br />
quanti annl abbia Roberto.<br />
A<strong>de</strong>sso <strong>de</strong>vo porlare nblto<br />
con I genllon, <strong>de</strong>vo a1ld4re.,<br />
aggJunge la signora.<br />
Roberto Dlotailevl. 47<br />
annl, è stata raplto una <strong>de</strong>clna<br />
di glomi or sono neU'Iraq<br />
s<strong>et</strong>tentrlonale; dall'82 si trovava<br />
In questo Paese, alle dl-.<br />
pen<strong>de</strong>nze dl una dltta lepta<br />
al gruppe Ansaldo. la Ole<br />
(Gruppe Industrie el<strong>et</strong>tromeccaniche<br />
per Implanti all'estero),<br />
con se<strong>de</strong> a Corsica<br />
ln VIa Cabote. Come moite<br />
persone che lavorano In<br />
quest'azienda e In altre <strong>de</strong>i<br />
s<strong>et</strong>tore. DlotaUevi vive. a<br />
Gallarate ma è orIgInarIo dl<br />
lunga. In provincia dl Berpmo<br />
.• Non $4ppjtJmo puT~<br />
pa ancom nulla, nusuna no-<br />
Bologna. dove tuttora vive U<br />
IrateUo Plerpaolo, anche lui<br />
Ingegnere, e i genitor!. Il capoluogo<br />
ernillano è. Insleme tizIa c! !lnora glu~to a MI,.<br />
eon Lecco. Ira Ie cltta dove cl no, 7Uf <strong>de</strong>l primo M <strong>de</strong>l<br />
,ono centrl dl ad<strong>de</strong>stramen- leCOndo - aggtunge. Surace<br />
Loper I tecnic1 dl queste par- - slamo lerm.i a qlUlnto cl<br />
Llcolarl installazlon!.<br />
ha comunfcato Il Minutera e<br />
DlotaUevi lavorava a Bal- alle poche notirie ehe cl sono<br />
YI. alla messa ln opera dl paiute perpmlre dill CGntlere<br />
•. In Iraq. la Ole ha un al-<br />
una grossa centrale tenncel<strong>et</strong>trlca.<br />
con sei p;ruppl da tro cantlere, vicino a Baghdad.<br />
~:'>fl mril8.walta.'" l1.a '~ommena<br />
da qUaiche centlnalo L'altr& pers.ona bloccata<br />
dl mIllardl per una centrale cial grupp
•<br />
LA STAMPA<br />
servizio<br />
La Cia collabora con Roma<br />
nelle neerehe <strong>de</strong>i Ire rapill<br />
WASHINGTON -. I servlzi segr<strong>et</strong>l amerlcanl e a1cunl<br />
agent! medlorlentall stanno collaborando con Roma nella<br />
caccia al sequestratorl <strong>de</strong>l tre t.ecnlct ltaltanlln Iraq. LIlCIa<br />
e la Ota - Il suo equlvalente al Pentagono - seguono a1cu.<br />
ne piste anche ln Ubano,<br />
Le ha Indlcato lerl un lunzlonarlo <strong>de</strong>ll'ammlutstrazlone<br />
amerll'.ana. sott.ollneando ehe tra l'Ital\a e gUStatt Unit! esl-<br />
~te un accordo contro Il terrorIsmo. Il lunzionarto non ha<br />
saputo tuttavla preclsare Sf' stano staU complut! ~S111<br />
nrlIe Indaglnl.<br />
AI Pentagono e al Dlpartlmento dl Stato Il aequcltro <strong>de</strong>I<br />
tecmcl ltallanl ha <strong>de</strong>stato preooecupazlone, perch~ si temt'<br />
che sia.l segnale dl un'oUenslva <strong>de</strong>ll'Iran contro i PaeSlI'U-<br />
" ropel pili dl'boh impeltllat! nel Oolfo Pera1co,<br />
L'obll'ttiVO iramano sarebbe dl Indurll a rltirar", le 10rl><br />
squadre navah dal Oolfo, In modo da lsolare KitStaU Unltl,<br />
I L'Jtalia e rltenuta partIealarmente esposta a causa <strong>de</strong>l ~uU'<br />
: contrl
•<br />
servizio<br />
Tre tccnici italiani sono ne Ile mani.<br />
<strong>de</strong>i gucrriglieri curdi. Per la loro liberazione.<br />
un anonimo gruppo (fi-<br />
Io-iraniano?) csigc il ritiro <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
flotta italiana dal Golfo. La notizia<br />
è trapelata icri, con un comunicato<br />
conscgnato ad un'agcnzia di stampa<br />
di Beirut.<br />
o Ilsequestro <strong>de</strong>i cittadini italiani<br />
è avvcnuto in due fasi. Il primo<br />
caso risalc a circa un mese fa e riguarda<br />
Sergio. Comin<strong>et</strong>ti. <strong>de</strong>lla socictà<br />
Sac. L'altro ad una dccina di<br />
giorni fa. e riguarda due dipendcnti<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Gie. Giuseppe Carrara e Robem<br />
Diolallevi. Il comunicalo <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
Farne~ina. Lc prime rcazioni di PalazLO<br />
Chigi. ((Pen~avamo fossero<br />
Irallenuli per altrc ragioni» è stato<br />
il primo com",enlo <strong>de</strong>i presi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Consiglio Giovanni Goria.<br />
Non diminuisce nel frallempo<br />
l'inlcnsilà <strong>de</strong>lla guerra Ira Iran e<br />
Iraq. L'aviazione di Bagdad ha eolpilo<br />
ieri con un missile ((Elloceb><br />
una pelroliera che ora è in fiamme.<br />
Gli iraniani ~oslcngono di costruire<br />
da \oli II 7() pcr centro <strong>de</strong>i proprio<br />
annanH'l1 b'<br />
Sitratta da un mese<br />
Gorin: «Speravo cifossero altre cause all'assenza»<br />
•<br />
~Rll<br />
• j.;ll' \ ,'I.',<br />
. . Khomeini<br />
visto<br />
da lurie<br />
:.<br />
.to _"-lSlr. lacan .... ,j~l kU ••l'''1i111<br />
11'1."0 urt9""V.'"<br />
CYI'tIo mol, •• 11. ">.,>tJ<br />
I<br />
SUu" " ....... CUll'S.<br />
..pa.anoconhn ,m ~"rnl'''','<br />
O;p.mo_<br />
IndlJ'lO<br />
1 Un gruppo di guerriglieri curdi<br />
esige il ritiro <strong>de</strong>lla flotta italiana<br />
da! Golfo. La rivendicazione in<br />
un comunicato a Beirut<br />
] Trattativa in silenzio mentre la<br />
flotta incrociava nel Golfo. Non<br />
si sa con chi le autorità stiano negoziando.<br />
Due rapimenti<br />
dl PlO d'EMILIA<br />
E FRANCO IVALDO<br />
Ci mancavano i curdl. ('o.<br />
In('. ". non ha'iassero I dlle Ii.<br />
~.ant •. Iran e Ira4. la guerra<br />
<strong>de</strong>i Golfo apre un altro fron.<br />
1'
]l31rssaß{l,cro servizio<br />
La guerra <strong>de</strong>i signori <strong>de</strong>lla montagna<br />
di ROBERTO LIVI<br />
[), ,,'coh .:ombauono per<br />
la loro InJ.pendcnza. Prima<br />
conlro gh Ouomani, poi con.<br />
tro i van rq;mi che si sono<br />
succedul. in T urchia, Iran e<br />
Iraq. Da quasI tremila ann; i<br />
curdi Vivona in un territorio-<br />
Il Kurdistan. che 'si eSlen<strong>de</strong><br />
sullalo onenlale <strong>de</strong>ll'Anatoha.<br />
entro il bacino supenore<br />
dcl Tign e <strong>de</strong>ll'Eufrate. Ma<br />
nessulla cana" acovatica registra<br />
i contini di queslo Paese<br />
che non ha mai ragglunto una<br />
propna unlU pohlica. Le suc<br />
imprtci~ e non riconosciute<br />
fronliere corrono infallI altraversa<br />
btn cinque nazioni:<br />
la Turchla. L'Iraq, l'Iran, la<br />
Sina e l'U n.one Sov;<strong>et</strong>ica.<br />
Ogg., i curd., musulma", ma<br />
non arab., sono circa 14 mi.<br />
lioni: 8 milioni vivono entra i<br />
contin.turchi, CIrca 5 milio",<br />
in Iran, 2.5 milioni in Iraq,<br />
600.000 in Sma e circa<br />
300.000 in Unione Sovielica.<br />
(Corca 70.000 kurdi vivono<br />
anche," Libano).<br />
De. curdi, • medi <strong>de</strong>l Vecch.o<br />
Testamento, parla per la<br />
pnma volta Senofonte nel.<br />
l'Anabasi. E già allora <strong>de</strong>canlava<br />
la fama guemera di questo<br />
popolo. consacrala .n se.<br />
gUllo dal plU .IIUSlre <strong>de</strong>i SUOI<br />
tigh. Salahedd,". il conqui.<br />
slalore <strong>de</strong>ll1slam, il ..feroce<br />
Salad.no. che seontisse I cro-<br />
Clau e d,,'enne re d'Egiuo. ln<br />
guerra <strong>de</strong>l resto • curdi sono<br />
sempre Slau: conlro • califfi<br />
di Bagdad e dl Damaseo; con.<br />
tro I1mpero onomano c la<br />
PerSIa. dopo .Ilranalo d. Lo.<br />
sanna (19~3). che ne span .. a<br />
•<br />
Lereazioni<br />
Stupore<br />
tra ipartiti<br />
Paj<strong>et</strong>ta:<br />
«Che c'entrano<br />
icurdi<br />
'IJ<br />
.'}.<br />
COti :tr!l.2.re;,)<br />
di PAOLO PELUFFO<br />
servizio<br />
la maggioranza, sia in Parlamenlo.<br />
Dare l'i<strong>de</strong>a di un paese diviso in<strong>de</strong>bolirebbc<br />
la lrallaliva che il governo'<br />
<strong>de</strong>ve lnlavolarC». E con queslo sem-.<br />
bra riferirsi ai comunisli. Ma, la Dc<br />
polrebbc chie<strong>de</strong>re il riliro <strong>de</strong>lla navi<br />
dal Golfo? «Su queslo <strong>de</strong>ve diseulere<br />
e dcci<strong>de</strong>re il governo». Nella Dc erano<br />
SlalCmolle le perplessilà, sull'invio<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle na-vinel Golfo. Oggi quesla<br />
episodio conferma quelle preoccupalioni?<br />
«la prcoccupazione è lulla per'<br />
i noslri Ire lavoralori. non ha senso.<br />
dire 'io l'avevo <strong>de</strong>llo ....<br />
Paolo BallisIU1Zi. presi<strong>de</strong>nle <strong>de</strong>i<br />
<strong>de</strong>putati <strong>de</strong>l Pli dice rcciso: ..ci colpiscono<br />
perehé sanno che un rapimen-<br />
10 pull rimeuere in discussione lulla<br />
la noslra politica eslera. Siamo il<br />
'venlre molle' <strong>de</strong>ll'Occi<strong>de</strong>nle. l'altacco<br />
t alla noslra politica eSlera e<br />
mira a dimoslrarc che noi abbiamo Il<br />
ripensamenlo facIle... Anche Ballisluzz;<br />
esprime preoccupaZlone per la<br />
spaccalura che qucslo rapimenlo pull<br />
crcare nel paese: «ln altre nazlom si<br />
farebbc quadralo. Qui polrebbc<br />
aprirsi un dibauilo che ei in<strong>de</strong>boliscc».<br />
Alla fine, il Pei inlervienc con molta<br />
caulela. e gella acqua sul fuoco. E'<br />
Giancarlo Pajella. presl<strong>de</strong>nle dcll..<br />
CommiS$ionc centrale di conlrollo<br />
dcl Pci, che in Transallanlico si mo-<br />
Slra molto pcrples'lOsulla nOll1ia' ..E'<br />
'una nOlilia imprccisa. Uno <strong>de</strong>i tre'<br />
Iccnici sarebbc stalO rapilo addiriuura<br />
un mese fa». Poi. osserva come la<br />
<strong>de</strong>nominazione <strong>de</strong>ll'organizzazione<br />
che ha rapilo i lecnici italiani sia seonOSClula:«Dobbiamo<br />
quindi chie<strong>de</strong>re<br />
al governo ilaliano, silenzioso in<br />
queslo periodo, di darei informazioni<br />
precise su quel che t avvenulo ... Sul<br />
Icgamc Ira i curdl c la richiesla di ri\lro<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle navi dal Golfo, Pajclla è ancora<br />
più perplcsso: «Per quanlo ne so<br />
io; curdi non hanno nulla a che vedc-.<br />
re con Il mare. Noi comunisli da Irmpo<br />
abbiamo conlalli con le loro organizzazloni<br />
e non ci risulta che siano<br />
<strong>de</strong>dili allerrorismo. Ma soltanto che<br />
sono perscgUlla\l in Iraq. in Iran e ln<br />
Turchi3lO.<br />
il manifesto<br />
14 ottobre 1987<br />
Un ordinario sequ<br />
"Succe<strong>de</strong> spesso, niente drarnmi~'.Il govemo<br />
invita al silenzio sui tre ostaggi in Iraq<br />
II governo rispon<strong>de</strong> oggi pomeriggio in parlamento<br />
sulla vicenda <strong>de</strong>i tre tecnici italiani rapiti in Iraq<br />
da un gruppo curdo. leri Palazzo Chigi ha diffuso<br />
una nota in cui si tenta di circoscrivere la vicenda,<br />
evitando di pari are di Golfo e di trattativa. Piuttosto,<br />
ci pensi Andreotti. La Farnesina nega che ci<br />
sia una trattativa in corso, confermata invece da!<br />
familiare di un rapito. Per il governo e per il Pei<br />
la parola d'ordine è comunque «pru<strong>de</strong>nza».<br />
Nelle sedi <strong>de</strong>. panili non c't quasi<br />
nessuno: E quc. pochi che ci sono<br />
non parla no. ~Le nOlilie sono fram-<br />
.:.':; •• _ .• ~, .• ~ .• _ .. ~ ... ':'':.w~~.1:J maS~l'<br />
ma caulela. Qualcuno la nOlilia non<br />
l'ha avula ancora: ..Ma mi spieghi un<br />
po' che l'osa è successo.., chledono al<br />
Psdi. A Boncghe Oscure c't fermento.<br />
la sclione Esteri t in riunione SOI-<br />
10 la dlreZlone di GIOrgio Napolilano.<br />
c d.scule sulla posilione da pren<strong>de</strong>re.<br />
Napolitano dice: «Aspelliamo ...<br />
POl. amva il comunicalo, caulissimo.<br />
che choe<strong>de</strong> un chiarimenlo dalla<br />
FarneSina. «a parlIre dal primo rapimenlo<br />
ehe ",rebbe avvenuto già da<br />
un mosc». Anche .1preSi<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>I scnalOTldl'<br />
N,rol. Manrono aile IQ.50<br />
è all'oseuro di lullo. Si ferma un alli-'<br />
mo a pensare e SIchle<strong>de</strong>: «E' una cosa<br />
molto preoccupante. ln momenti come<br />
queslo b;sogna evitare prima dl<br />
lutlo le polerniche, sia aWinterno <strong>de</strong>ldi<br />
~rancesco Paterno<br />
e Norma Rangeri<br />
ROMA. Di GIacomo Comin<strong>et</strong>.<br />
ti, teemeo <strong>de</strong>lla Sae, non si<br />
hnno p\ù ~otizie dal 14 s<strong>et</strong>ttmbre<br />
se ..rso, di Giuseppe<br />
Carren e Roberto DiotalJevi,<br />
dipen<strong>de</strong>nti <strong>de</strong>u.."Cie, da! primi<br />
di ottohre. l..<br />
39
•<br />
il manifesto servizio<br />
il rilascio <strong>de</strong>i tre Italiani figu.<br />
ra la fomitura di 2.000masche.<br />
re antigas. Una rlchiesta che<br />
ha una sua loglca nella guer.<br />
ra «sporca» condotta da! go.<br />
verno dl Saddam Hussein contro<br />
I gruppl curdi. La Fameslna<br />
è Imbarazzata: «non commenta»<br />
la notlzla, ma r1badlsee<br />
che sono stati attivatl solo<br />
gIj.«oppcrtunl cana.li» Per chiarire<br />
la vicenda. Punto e basta.<br />
Ma da Teheran, l'agenzla ufficiale<br />
iranlana I7'M aiza il ti.<br />
roo Dice di aver rlcevuto un comunlcato<br />
da parte <strong>de</strong>i gruppo<br />
curdo autore <strong>de</strong>l raplmento <strong>de</strong>l<br />
tre ItalIanI In cul si afferma<br />
che il «regime Iracheno fa uso<br />
di arml di fabbrlcazlone ltaliana<br />
per uccl<strong>de</strong>re I curdl». Il<br />
gruppo, sempre secondo l'Ir.<br />
na sarebbe ln possesso dl,<br />
«esemplarl dl bombe a grap.<br />
polo fabbrlcate In Italla usa te<br />
dal regime Iracheno».<br />
E' vero? I traffici di arml<br />
itallam verso quella reglone<br />
autorizzano a usare una certa<br />
cautela prima di rlspon<strong>de</strong>re<br />
negativamente, anche se è fa.<br />
clle Intra ve<strong>de</strong>re un interesse<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Iran ad accusare l'Italla<br />
(e la sua attuaJe polltica nel<br />
Golfo). La Famesina, comunque,<br />
non dice nulla e, anz!, si<br />
mostra plù generosa nei confronti<br />
di Teheran. «Non c'è l'Iran<br />
di<strong>et</strong>ro il raplmento <strong>de</strong>i nostri<br />
tecnlcl, slando agil attua.<br />
Il rapporti tra I due paesb, cl<br />
dice una fonte diplomatlca.<br />
Una dlchiarazlone che fa U<br />
paio con quella, ufflciale, reo.<br />
sa dall'ambasclata Iranlana a<br />
Roma: l'ipotesl «è <strong>de</strong>i tutto<br />
priva di fondamento».<br />
La vicenda rItorna cosi nel.<br />
le mani dl Andreotti. Che fa:<br />
convocare alla Farneslna, attraverso<br />
il dir<strong>et</strong>tore generale<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'emigrazlone, ambasclato-.<br />
re Di Lorenzo, l'ambasclatore<br />
iracheno a Roma. Come se sI'.<br />
trattasse di un sempllce pro.:<br />
blema di alcunl nostrllavora.<br />
tori all 'estero.<br />
GOLFO<br />
La Camera discuterà<br />
<strong>de</strong>l traffico d'armi.<br />
Verdi soddisfatti<br />
HOMA. Si svolgcrà martedi<br />
prossimo alla camera il dlbattito<br />
parlamentare sul trafflco<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle armi: 10 ha <strong>de</strong>ciso ierlla<br />
(:onferenza <strong>de</strong>i capigruppo acrogllendo<br />
la richlesta avanzata<br />
in tal sensa dalla lista<br />
\'H<strong>de</strong>.<br />
I <strong>de</strong>putati verdi arriveranno<br />
al dlbattito in aula proponen.<br />
rio Il testa di una mozione che<br />
,ottolinea le imphcazioni <strong>de</strong>i.<br />
It, azien<strong>de</strong> italiane nelle «trian.<br />
golaziom" per la vendita di ar.<br />
1;11 allïran e aU'lraq.<br />
JI l'apogruppo "er<strong>de</strong> alla ca.<br />
rl"'ra, (;ianm ~faltioli, nel<br />
, (1l!lnll'ntan' (;011 soodisfazione<br />
l'Inserlmento <strong>de</strong>l dibattito sul<br />
trafflco <strong>de</strong>lle armi nel calen.<br />
darlo <strong>de</strong>llavori parlamentari,<br />
ha caito l'occaslone per espri.<br />
mersi sulla vicenda <strong>de</strong>i raplmento<br />
<strong>de</strong>i tecnlci ltallani In<br />
Iraq: «è la seconda volta - ha<br />
d<strong>et</strong>to Mattioli - che, sulla ba.<br />
se di informazloni false 0 incompl<strong>et</strong>e<br />
fomlte da! gave ma,<br />
il parlamento esprime Il sua<br />
vota. Un' episodia simile era<br />
già accaduto in occasione <strong>de</strong>i<br />
dibattito sulla moratoria nucleare,<br />
quando II mlnlstro Battaglia<br />
nascose l'accelerazione<br />
<strong>de</strong>i lavori a Montalto di<br />
Castro».<br />
L'ombrello americano<br />
lIla flotta Usa proteggerà tutte le navi"<br />
INTERVISTA<br />
Curdi in Europa:<br />
"1rapimenti contra<br />
la nastra causa"<br />
di Tommaso<br />
Di Francesco<br />
Azlz Shevaran, <strong>de</strong>l Comitato<br />
esecutivo <strong>de</strong>ll' Associazlone<br />
stu<strong>de</strong>nt! curdi in Europa, ha<br />
acc<strong>et</strong>tato di rispon<strong>de</strong>re alle do.<br />
man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>i manifesto sulla con.<br />
dizione <strong>de</strong>l curdl e sulle pro.<br />
sp<strong>et</strong>tive che si aprono dope il<br />
rapimento <strong>de</strong>i teenIci ilallani.<br />
re si é adoperato per cancel.<br />
lare l'esistenza <strong>de</strong>l popolo cur.<br />
do in Iraq, arrlvando ad che non<br />
con il regime iracheno di Saodam<br />
Hussein, cosi come Tala. dis/an irachcno che ha l'lVl'Il.<br />
sigla Unione lIilZWlUlle dl?! ('",..<br />
bani è in buon! rapporti con 1'1. dicato il rapimento.<br />
ran. Questi collegamenti am<br />
bigui rischiano di dlventare lin<br />
~olti giormali hlUlno I...rla.<br />
te ln questa f~M' dl lllla<br />
estenslone curd~ <strong>de</strong>l COll'<br />
flItto tradlzlonalc Ira hl<br />
confessione reUgiOlla 8ciita<br />
e quella sunnlta. Esistl'<br />
realmente<br />
qUllsto<br />
problema1<br />
Escludo nel modo plü assolu.<br />
to l'esistenza dl questa realtà.<br />
I curdi, un popolo di origine e<br />
cultura Indoeuropea. storlca.<br />
mente sono «musulmani per<br />
forza», le convinzionl religiose,<br />
che pure esistono e 'Sono<br />
rappresentate dalle appartt!.<br />
nenze sciita e sunnita, non so.<br />
no cosl p:'Ofon<strong>de</strong> eradicate da<br />
costituire un fattore di divisio.<br />
ne e cOl'filtto ome in altra "al'.<br />
te <strong>de</strong>i mondo arabe e iraniano.<br />
->
• • il manifesto selWio<br />
Laq~<br />
ilconflitto con l'Iran.<br />
E l'opposizione,<br />
<strong>de</strong>bole, si fa viva<br />
Nella località di Baakuba, 90 chilom<strong>et</strong>ri a nordovest<br />
di Bagndad, nel corso <strong>de</strong>lla sfilata militare<br />
in occasione <strong>de</strong>i s<strong>et</strong>timo anniversario <strong>de</strong>U'inizio<strong>de</strong>lla<br />
guerra tra Iraq e Iran, quattro uomini armati<br />
hanno mitragliato la tribuna ufficiale affollata da<br />
responsabili governativi e diplomatici occi<strong>de</strong>ntali.<br />
Pochi giornali hanno dato notizia <strong>de</strong>ll'episodio, avvenuto<br />
10scorso 20 s<strong>et</strong>tembre. Ma quai è la vera<br />
storia <strong>de</strong>l regime di Sactdam Hussein?<br />
di Samir Kanaan<br />
Quell' attacco ha provocato numerose<br />
vittime tra i parte ci.<br />
panti alla smata e il pubblico<br />
presenle, dopo che una trenti.<br />
na di agenti <strong>de</strong>lla slcurezza<br />
hanno risposto al fuoco. Nes.<br />
suno <strong>de</strong>i dirigenti <strong>de</strong>I partito<br />
Baalh al potere, pl'esenti in tri.<br />
buna, è stato colpito. Secondo<br />
fonti diplomatiche che hanno<br />
rüerito sull'accaduto, I quattro<br />
uominl erano nascosti In un<br />
carro armato.<br />
L'allentalo ricarda, per mol.<br />
Il verSl, quella che costo la vi.<br />
ta al presi<strong>de</strong>nte eg1Ziano An.<br />
war Sadat, nell'ollobre <strong>de</strong>ll'Bl,<br />
a opera di mIlitan egiziani apo<br />
partenenti a una organizzazio.<br />
ne inlegralista clan<strong>de</strong>slina.<br />
L'assalto alla tribuna potreb--<br />
be esserI' qumdi II frullo <strong>de</strong>i<br />
malumori che serpegglano all'mtemo<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'esercito Iracheno.<br />
1,0 stesso presi<strong>de</strong>nle Saddam<br />
Hussein. duranie i s<strong>et</strong>te anni<br />
dl g'llerra, è stalo ogg<strong>et</strong>to di<br />
varI allentati.suicida nei qua.<br />
Il hanna perso la vita alcum<br />
sum collaboratorl e guardie <strong>de</strong>l<br />
corpo.<br />
A.rrivato al potere con un col.<br />
po di stato nI'l '68, II Partita<br />
Baalh ambo socialisla aveva<br />
traslormalo l'Iraq in un grosso<br />
cantiere. Forte di una po.<br />
polazione relativamente im.<br />
portante 115milioni di abitan-<br />
Ii I l' dl rIsorse p<strong>et</strong>rolifere im.<br />
mense, il regime baathista s'è<br />
lanclato in una opera di costru.<br />
zione l' dl sviluppo in vari s<strong>et</strong>.<br />
lori: infrastrutture e r<strong>et</strong>i di comumcazione,<br />
industrie pelrolchimiche<br />
l' manufatturiere,<br />
scuoie, leggi sociali. .. Diventa.<br />
10una polenza economica e fi.<br />
nanziaria, l'Iraq, sperava di<br />
poter esercitare una influenza<br />
a livello regionale, in concor.<br />
renza con il sua fratello.<br />
nemico lia Siria) e con il suo<br />
vicino di casa, l'Iran. La guer.<br />
ra <strong>de</strong>l Golfo, nella quaiI' s'è<br />
lanciato Saddam Hussein s<strong>et</strong>.<br />
te anni fa, ha messo in ginac.<br />
chio l'economla <strong>de</strong>i paese l'<br />
tulli i sogni <strong>de</strong>l capo assoluta<br />
<strong>de</strong>l regime iracheno<br />
L'esercilo iracheno assorbe<br />
armai un lerzo <strong>de</strong>i prodotto na.<br />
zlOnale lordo. I bombardamen.<br />
Il Iraniani hanno distrutlo numerose<br />
tabbnche, m partico.<br />
lare nei pressi di Bassora, do.<br />
vI' è concenlralo 1m quario rlel-<br />
L'Iraq di Saddam<br />
S<strong>et</strong>te anni di guerra, un potere assoluta<br />
la mana n'op~rd <strong>de</strong>i paese l'<br />
numerose altrE' rattmerle. In<br />
più, l'esercilo l' stalo porlato<br />
a 650mila 110mmi.ai quali hisogna<br />
aggumgere altri ~50mila<br />
giovani <strong>de</strong>lla «milizia popolare».<br />
Alla vigilia <strong>de</strong>lla guerra, le rlserve<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla banca centrale ammontavano<br />
a 35mihardi dl dol.<br />
lari; oggi invece II <strong>de</strong>bito <strong>de</strong>l-<br />
10 stato iracheno è slimato a<br />
50 miliardi dl dollari. Il s<strong>et</strong>torI'<br />
più dannegglato è queUop<strong>et</strong>rolifero<br />
con la chlusura <strong>de</strong>i<br />
porto dl Fao e ancora prima,<br />
nell'B2, dal dlvi<strong>et</strong>o sirlano dl<br />
utilizzare Il terminale dl Banias.<br />
Le esportazloni <strong>de</strong>ll' «oro<br />
nero» subivano un crollo (proprio<br />
nell'82) dl quasi 3 mllloni<br />
di barili al giorno, ,Plù tardl,<br />
r.ell'B6, con la messa a dlspo-'<br />
sizione <strong>de</strong>U'oleodotto saudlta dl<br />
Yanbu, sul Mar rossa, l'Iraq<br />
riusciva a riportare la produ.<br />
zione a 1,Bmilione di b~rlli al<br />
giorno.<br />
Ma il colpo più grosso, Baghdad<br />
l'ha pero incassato con<br />
l'occupazione di Fao (terrltorio<br />
iracheno al confine tra l'Iran<br />
l' il Kuwait) da parte di<br />
Teheran, nel febbraio <strong>de</strong>U'86.<br />
Da allara, Saddam aveva promesso<br />
più volte la riconquista,<br />
a qualslasi prezzo, di questa<br />
fella <strong>de</strong>I territorio iracheno,<br />
senza pero riusclrci. E questa<br />
ha suscitato disagi e malumo.<br />
ri negli ambient! mililarl, ma.<br />
gan anche dUfi<strong>de</strong>nza nei confronti<br />
<strong>de</strong>i partito Baalh e le<br />
sue «ingerenlI'» negli affari<br />
bellici. Alcuni u(ficiali <strong>de</strong>nun.<br />
ciano addirittura la superbia<br />
di Saddam, Il quale, come comandante<br />
in capo <strong>de</strong>lle forze<br />
armate, «si rifiuta di ascolta.<br />
re le lamentele <strong>de</strong>i militari e<br />
distribuisce biasimi l' sanzioni<br />
<strong>de</strong>stinate a far rientrare nei<br />
ranghi i più recalcitranti».<br />
Nel tentativo dl recuperare<br />
terreno, facendo rica<strong>de</strong>re la<br />
responsabllita sui militari, fonti<br />
u(ficiose hanna affermato<br />
che alcunl u(ficiali sono stati<br />
giustiziati perché rilenuti reo<br />
sponsabIli <strong>de</strong>lla caduta di Fao.<br />
Subito dopo, le stesse fonti<br />
hanno riferlto che l'aereo presi<strong>de</strong>nziale<br />
è stato centrato da<br />
colpi di arma da fuoco, in un<br />
aeroporto milliare, prima di<br />
alzarsi in volo.<br />
L'Iraq ha ant'he provveduto a<br />
reclulare un gruppo di piloti<br />
mercenarl che, con I Mirage<br />
dl:ll'a.v~OAe'JdI. Bagh~d~ 1&&'<br />
ranno'lncarlcatl dl bombarda.<br />
re le lnstal1azlonl p<strong>et</strong>rolifere<br />
Iranlane nel s<strong>et</strong>tore meridiana.<br />
Ie <strong>de</strong>l Golfo. La rlvelazlone è<br />
stata fatta dal Sunday Tell."<br />
graph. Il contingente mercena.<br />
rio compren<strong>de</strong>rebbe plloti che<br />
provengono da Rtt, Nuova Ze.<br />
landa, Australia e Francia.<br />
Il malumore ha successiva.<br />
mente rag-glunto anche il «clan<br />
<strong>de</strong>i Takriti», nel quale è nato<br />
Saddam Hussein (anche lui fa<br />
di cognome Takriti) e che gli<br />
è r!masto fe<strong>de</strong>le fino al glugno<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'B6. Takrit è una città di<br />
provincia a clrca 150chllom<strong>et</strong>ri<br />
a nord dl Baghdad. Durante<br />
l'occupazlone britannica dlvenne<br />
uno <strong>de</strong>l focolal <strong>de</strong>l na.<br />
zionalismo arabo. Oggi è un<br />
feudo <strong>de</strong>l potere baathista, 0<br />
meglio <strong>de</strong>llo stesso Saddam,<br />
dove vengono «confinati» i suai<br />
cppositori.<br />
Nel giugno <strong>de</strong>ll'86, Khairal.<br />
lah Tolfah, padrlno e zio materno<br />
<strong>de</strong>i capa <strong>de</strong>llo stato<br />
avrebbe favorlto l'uscita dall'Iraq<br />
«per affari» <strong>de</strong>i suoi nu.<br />
merosi parent! l' amici, «via.<br />
lando» le dlsposizioni che vie.<br />
tano qualsiasl spostamento al.<br />
l'estero. Nella faccenda è in.<br />
tervenuto il rai3 iracheno,<br />
ordlnando agil ambasclatori<br />
irachenl di far rlentrare tutti<br />
quelli che si trovano «irregolarmente»<br />
all'estero. La <strong>de</strong>ci.<br />
sione ha suscltato ira a Tak.<br />
ril, provocando una soria dl ri.<br />
bellione guldata dal fratella.<br />
stro di Saddam, Barzan Takriti,<br />
che fino all'83 era a capo<br />
<strong>de</strong>i servizi di sicurezza e dl<br />
eonlrospionagglo<br />
Un confronlo armalo avrebbe<br />
Oppostll lit ~dj,e. lIlIl. corpo.<br />
<strong>de</strong>i presi<strong>de</strong>nte e mernbri <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
sua famlglia Takrlt!, provocando<br />
numerosi mortl e ferlt!<br />
Ilalle due parti. La rIsposta <strong>de</strong>i<br />
capo <strong>de</strong>l regime -è stata spt<strong>et</strong>ata<br />
e tempest!va: Omar Hazzak,<br />
comandante mllitare <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
capitale, da quando UBaath<br />
s'è impadronito <strong>de</strong>l potere nel<br />
'68, è sparlto dalla circolazlone.<br />
Hazzak era uno <strong>de</strong>gli uomini<br />
più vicini a1l'ex presi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
iracheno, Ahmad Hassan<br />
AI-Bakr, Il quale era entrato<br />
in dissenso con il cognato Sad.<br />
dam (allora vice presi<strong>de</strong>nte)<br />
sulla gestione <strong>de</strong>i paese e sul.<br />
la guerra con l'Iran. Subito dopa,<br />
nell'Bl, Saddam ha preso<br />
il posto di A1-Bakr, morto da<br />
Ii a poco (giustIziato?). A Takrit,<br />
la casa di Hazzak e queUe<br />
dl una ventina di suoi amici s0-<br />
no state rase al suolo.<br />
Alla vigilia <strong>de</strong>l congresso <strong>de</strong>l<br />
partito, nelluglio <strong>de</strong>ll'86, Sad.<br />
dam convoca una riunione<br />
slraorclinaria <strong>de</strong>i Comando rI."<br />
gionale <strong>de</strong>l Baath (massima<br />
guida <strong>de</strong>I partita a liveUo arabo<br />
I alla scopo di rafforzare il<br />
suo potere sia all' interno <strong>de</strong>l<br />
partito, sia in seno alle forze<br />
armate. Cosi nel Comando reo<br />
gional" fanno il loro ingresso<br />
, Ali Hassan AI-<br />
~lajid Takriti e Fa<strong>de</strong>l Barrak<br />
Takriti, risp<strong>et</strong>tivamente capo<br />
Ilella sicurezza interna e capo<br />
<strong>de</strong>l controspiol1aggio.<br />
'IIel congresso
il manifesto<br />
V"-'"<br />
servizio<br />
Baghdad, né tentomena J'accu.<br />
pazione di terri tari iracheni da<br />
parte di Teheran. Il Partita di<br />
Dio (Hezbollah) ha gia rreato<br />
serie difficolta e problemi in<br />
Libano per f)amasrn<br />
Paradossalmente, un lpot<strong>et</strong>icO<br />
rilorno alla pace appare oggi<br />
come un aUra fattore di insta.<br />
bilità. Saddam Hussein do.<br />
vrebbe affrontare l'austerità<br />
imposta dalla guerra e le am.<br />
bizioni crescenti all'internn <strong>de</strong>l<br />
suo partita, nelle forze arma.<br />
te e quelle <strong>de</strong>i curdi in parti.<br />
colare. Ricostruzione economi.<br />
ca, lotte intestine per il con ..<br />
trollo <strong>de</strong>l potere e roolo nella<br />
regione <strong>de</strong>l Golfo, sana trc pro ..<br />
blemi che il lea<strong>de</strong>r iracheno'<br />
non puo in nessun modo risol.;<br />
vere da solo. Saddam dovreb ..<br />
be fare i conti con il partita e<br />
con quai che generale pcr ga ..<br />
ranlirsi la lara fe<strong>de</strong>ltà. l'na<br />
volta finita questa guerra, sa.;<br />
.rebbe molto difficile per Sad:<br />
cam Hussein conservare il po.'.<br />
tere.<br />
~i"<br />
Teheran, Prigionieri di guerra iracheni inalberano una ironica caricatura di Hussein (Foto A.p.a.,.<br />
Awenire 14 ottobre 1987<br />
l guerriglieri curdi si fanno vivi sulla sorte <strong>de</strong>gli ita1ial1i<br />
rta.<br />
voce <strong>de</strong>iJ1Jnione patriottica curda ha aruuUlciato ieri che i<br />
, tre italiani (. D presi<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>i Cons!.<br />
: glio Coria nega pero agni ne5SQ rrd l'azione <strong>de</strong>i curdi f! la<br />
: missione italiana nel Golfo Pe\'$ico.<br />
leri l'ambasciatore iracheno a Roma il stato C01WocatO al .<br />
. la Fa.mesi.'la. ma L'Ontatti :-!sen/ati sono stati avviati anche<br />
eon le aulorità ira.-uane, alle quali g!i stessi rapltori sosten.<br />
gono di essere leçati da «ottime relazioni di amicizia». Resta.<br />
no in piedi pure 1collegamenti con i movimenti naziona1isti<br />
<strong>de</strong>i KlU"distan. che I1talia aveva altivato fm da! giorno <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
.pruna (~mpal'$a".<br />
42<br />
J~.t~
..<br />
Awenire servizio<br />
ilracconto di Mario Riva, sequestrata in Iraqnell984<br />
Sempre avanti, oasi dopo oasi<br />
«Beeo i miel cinque tneSlprigioniero<br />
<strong>de</strong>i curdi»<br />
Più stan£hezza chepaurà<br />
Nelle (oro a fianco<br />
e sorro. due immagini<br />
d/ guerr/glieri curd, cne da ann<<br />
lorrano per /'mdipen<strong>de</strong>nza <strong>de</strong>ll.<br />
loro parr/a. ogg/ divisa (ra<br />
Un/one Sov/er/ca. Iraq. Iran,<br />
- !, --h,a e S,ria<br />
Zl'RIGO ix prune parül~ so.<br />
no 5tate per loro, per i tre tee.<br />
nid italJani rapitl ill Iraq da<br />
gueniglI('ri Cl1rdi fiJokhameini,~.<br />
che" tre ~nni di di.<br />
stanza StalillO vivendo la sua<br />
stessa, allucmante esperien.<br />
zao «lvII spiace. nu spiace,<br />
provo tanta pena. Se potessi<br />
fanni sentire rlirei loro di<br />
stare calmi. di avere Iiducia<br />
e alle loro famigtie di essere<br />
forti. di avere una gran<strong>de</strong><br />
speranza». TI teenico coma.<br />
seo Mario Riva. 48anni, è sedu'o<br />
nel salotto <strong>de</strong>lla sua ca.<br />
sa zunghesc, al18 <strong>de</strong>lla Hopfpnstrasse.<br />
Con lui c'è la maglIe,<br />
Man.sa. una donna forte<br />
eè energir..a. come si conviene<br />
ad una Iiglia <strong>de</strong>lle monta.<br />
gne friulane. Per 147giorni.<br />
èal 4 febbrdlo 1984al 30 glU'.<br />
gno <strong>de</strong>lla stesso anne. ha at<br />
teso d.Jpoter riabbracciare il<br />
suo Mario. rapito dai curd.J<br />
mentre, msieme ad un collega<br />
d.J lavoro svizzero, da!<br />
cantiere stava nentrando al<br />
campo. Cmque mesl dW1.ssi.<br />
!T'J. senza avere I<strong>de</strong>a di casa:<br />
10'se 'ucee .... '" al marito. sen.<br />
7a '>3pt'1e cosa pt'nsare. E<br />
(jlH..'l nt(Jfîll'llo OSSL~SIVO.tornf-'l<br />
]') ~OP fO!l1l?ra:<br />
Cinque mesi con l'angO:<br />
scia e la disperazione nel<br />
cuore, costr<strong>et</strong>ta a tenersi<br />
<strong>de</strong>ntro tutto. Iingendo con la<br />
madre e la suocera, ignare<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla sorte <strong>de</strong>l marita. E<br />
quella IiglIa. Beatrice, che<br />
sapeva e p1al1geva. Fino a<br />
quel30 giugno, quando stava.<br />
seguemlo ill televisione un<br />
programma <strong>de</strong>dicato proprio<br />
al seq uestro <strong>de</strong>i marito<br />
e <strong>de</strong>U'altro teenico. Uno<br />
squillo breve. seguito da altri<br />
più lunghi. Un'internaziona.<br />
le da Istanbul: «M:nisa, sono<br />
Mario. Mi hanno lasciato an.<br />
dare. Sto bene, tomo a casa<br />
presto». La line di un incubo.<br />
A raccontarlo è Mario Riva,<br />
emigrato trent'anni fa in<br />
Svizzera, teenico <strong>de</strong>lla Hat.<br />
tHeiler, una ditta di Zwigo<br />
che si occupa di costruzioni<br />
e impianti, con appalti in<br />
Medioriente. Sembra tranquillo<br />
Mario, ma fuma una<br />
sigar<strong>et</strong>ta dopo l'altra. Quel<br />
ricordo. confessa, gIi fa veni.<br />
re un grappo alla gola e gli<br />
succe<strong>de</strong> t.Jtte le volte che<br />
sente che ad altri è te
ilresto ln Africa e nel Medioriente.<br />
Abblamo cantieri in<br />
Mozambico e Tanzania, pnsto<br />
torneremo in Etiopia pU'"'<br />
continuando l'attivltà in<br />
Irak e negli Emirati arabi. E'<br />
ovvio che in Asia, eon 10st.'l'<br />
to dl guerra, il nostro inter.<br />
vento ten<strong>de</strong> man mano a ridW"Si.A<br />
MoslÙ, ad esempio,<br />
le opere stanno per essere lÙtimate:<br />
tra qlla!che mese la<br />
linea sarà pronta, assicureremo<br />
la manutenzione per<br />
un armo do~ché questo<br />
lavoro per nOlsarà fl..nito»,<br />
Finita per iniziarne un al.<br />
tro e intanto i dipen<strong>de</strong>nu, in<br />
questa casa i tecnici, pas"a.<br />
no mesi e mesi lontani ci.','ll',<br />
sa. I pi~ preferiscono !lop "<br />
trasfenre la famigJia S':lg1iendo<br />
di conce<strong>de</strong>rsi lL 1' og: Ii ri u;a dl notizie.<br />
E cosi la ll'J,SSlune <strong>de</strong>I corn.<br />
n:ando dr~:'({Unione nallond.le<br />
<strong>de</strong>l KW"distan tnlchenIp)<br />
œ:;terà segr<strong>et</strong>a per W1<br />
mese. Gill
Awenire servizio<br />
SONDRIO<br />
CDnrin<strong>et</strong>ti<br />
aveva <strong>de</strong>ciso<br />
«Dueallui<br />
poi sm<strong>et</strong>to»<br />
Giacomo Cominew<br />
BlANWNE (Sondno)
ilGiornale<br />
servizio<br />
Un gioco al ricatto<br />
Cosa chè la ~'arnesina sta' Dai Quirinale Franœsoo damell~, è stato i1la.conico<br />
già cercando di fare da ql1al-. ('AlSlligasi tiene in continuo e Cliin'uniciitO diffuao ieri poo.<br />
che s<strong>et</strong>timana in mezzo a str<strong>et</strong>to contatto con ,Palazzo 1tf<strong>et</strong>iJlrio.- , , ngovenw t sOtto accusa perché ha ce<strong>de</strong>re a un tale nealto ..enza ridicolizzarc<br />
sc stes,Ç()e ilPaese che rappresen-<br />
mille difficoltà. Da una parte,<br />
infatti, il ministero <strong>de</strong>gli' <strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>lla Repubblica vuo-' gli .éaul,i crudi cercano di<br />
Chigi e la Farnesina.1I presi-<br />
Ua tutta F.uropa, intanto, taciuto la nolizia <strong>de</strong>i sequestri di teeo<br />
nici- italiani in Irak. E' un 'accusa la. lnoltrc, va tenuto conto <strong>de</strong>l falto<br />
K~teri è costr<strong>et</strong>to a seguire le le essere informato su agni spezzäre la cortina di miate- , strampalata.ll governo ha faltoben issima<br />
a taœre,. findri i SU/Uestralori Sporl più praticalo dalla guerriglia<br />
che il "'queslrodi teenici stranieri èlo<br />
normali vie diplomatiche sviluppo <strong>de</strong>lla vicenda. An-: ro e qei silenzl di<strong>et</strong>ro la quale' '<br />
con Bagdad. Sono canali ufliciali<br />
che non porta no pero siglio H<strong>et</strong>tino Craxi segue da n08tri connazional!. Da Lonta<br />
rivendicazione <strong>de</strong>i rapimentoauto-<br />
'ne.çsuno peno;ava di inviare navj da<br />
che I ex presi<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>de</strong>i Con-, è n89COsta 'la prilPonia <strong>de</strong>i non hanno parlaJo./nfalti,la manca-<br />
curda {in dal '''àMJ'ando ancora<br />
a/(Ii stes.~i risultati che si potrehbero<br />
ottenere attraverso zione. Ieri il segr<strong>et</strong>ario socia-<br />
stenza, Omar De Babe, diri- eSsere risolto con una traltativa riser-<br />
,~trati sono Slati rilasciati, in cambio<br />
vicino l'evolversi <strong>de</strong>lla situadra,<br />
uno<strong>de</strong>i lea<strong>de</strong>r<strong>de</strong>li'a resi-' riuava a sperare che il CQSO potesse guérra nel Golfo. Fin qui, tutti i sequeuna<br />
trattativa dir<strong>et</strong>ta con i lista si è incontrato con il /(ente <strong>de</strong>ll'Unione patriotti-: vata. Era una speranza infondata, ma non ,çi sa bene di cusa. Probabilmente<br />
capi <strong>de</strong>lla guerriglia curda. rappresentante <strong>de</strong>ll'Oip Ne .. ca <strong>de</strong>i KurdÎlltan, ha 88.~icu-', questo 10 sappiamo solo da lunedi, di qualtrini. '<br />
Mentre si cerca in tutti ï mer Hammad per continuare<br />
i colloqui avuti nei giorni bene.,.Non dov<strong>et</strong>e preoccuciso<br />
di dare pubblicità al ricalto. Pri-<br />
cont/urre ilgioco, questi seque.stri po-<br />
rato che gli ostaggi stanno quando iguerriglieri curdi hanno <strong>de</strong>-<br />
Se sono i curdi, anche Slavolta, a<br />
modi di arrivare ad unasoluzione<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla vicenda, Palazzo 8Corsi a Tunisi con il lea<strong>de</strong>r paM per loro, sono in ottime ma di aUora, da parte italiana il riserho<br />
era pru<strong>de</strong>nte, e dunque doveroso. II riçchio è che questa volte'icurt# abtrannoe.çsere<br />
risoltl COIfU! iprece<strong>de</strong>nti.<br />
Chigi ha diramato in serata <strong>de</strong>U'organizzazione palestinese.<br />
Vasser Arafat. E' im-<br />
verrà fatto alcun male_ A Go che realmente sconcerta, in biarw agito per canto di Im qualche<br />
condizioni di salute e non g!i<br />
un comunicato dicendo la<br />
sua verità sul sequestro <strong>de</strong>i pressione di molli che Craxi patto, perà,che il governo i- questa faccenda, non't ilvelo che Farnesina<br />
e Pala:a.o Chigi vi hanna steso nega, ma non è davvero il casa di cre-<br />
ayatollah. T.amba.çciata iraniana la<br />
trI' tecnicL La presi<strong>de</strong>nza <strong>de</strong>i abbia sfruttato "occllKi"ne taliano a<strong>de</strong>risca alle richieste<br />
che gli sono state fatte.: sopra. E, invece, la meccanica di un <strong>de</strong>rle sulla 'parola, 11rapporta <strong>de</strong>i go-<br />
Consi/(Iio ha ammesso di essere<br />
stata tempcstivamente un canale segr<strong>et</strong>o con' i rih!ll- la Irna 'di Teheran nel suo sequestra in due riprese. Non c'è moti- verni oltranziçti islamicicon ilterrori-<br />
per aprire, aÜrsvill'110 l'Olp,<br />
informata <strong>de</strong>lla scomparsa Ii. -<br />
cnmunicato chie<strong>de</strong> il hlocco V(} di dubitClre che dopo ilprimo rapimenro,<br />
avvenuto a m<strong>et</strong>d s<strong>et</strong>tembre, i Charlot con il monel/u annato di fionsmo<br />
ricorda la .çoci<strong>et</strong>dfalta dal v<strong>et</strong>raio<br />
<strong>de</strong>i nostri connazionali in 1-, A qu"sto.si 1Ij{giu"l'onfl,11' <strong>de</strong>lle forniture militari italiane<br />
a Bagdad e it ritiro <strong>de</strong>l- twSln
ilGiornale<br />
Vivono in Italia<br />
209 iracheni<br />
e13 mUairaniani<br />
(eitreidanclestini)<br />
Roma - Quanti 80no i cittadini<br />
iraniani ed iracheni<br />
che vivono 8tabilmente in 1-<br />
talia? I dati forniti dal ministero<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Interno 80no fermi<br />
alluglio 8corao. Riguardano<br />
la legge 8uila r"'!ol~l'1 • .,t8-<br />
zione <strong>de</strong>i cittadwi extracomunitari.<br />
DaI cenalmento<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Viminale riau]ta<br />
che nel nostro Paese viven,)<br />
servizio<br />
oltre 13 mila iramani con regolare<br />
perme880 di 8oggiorno.<br />
Molti di loro, perseguitati,<br />
80no acappsti dal regime<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli ayatollah. Quella chè<br />
viene da Teheran è una <strong>de</strong>lle<br />
colonie più numeroee preaenti<br />
in tutto ilterritorio nazionale.<br />
Pochi, invece, 8Ono<br />
gli iracheni, appena 209.<br />
I dati (omiti dal Viminala<br />
non tengono perO conto <strong>de</strong>i<br />
numero <strong>de</strong>i clan<strong>de</strong>atini: 8i<br />
tratta di cittadini iraniani e<br />
lf8cheni entrati in queati &nni<br />
in Italiaconperme88ituri-<br />
~tld.<br />
((No a Khomeini))<br />
eSiraniani<br />
ci chiedono asilo<br />
dl eslere aeeolUIII ItaUa<br />
in atte .. dl poter rlsolve-.<br />
re la loro IlhIUloae. SI.<br />
tratta dlu .. cleo com.'<br />
poIto da mOJII~ e marlto<br />
plà n lratello tredlceJlJle<br />
dl: q<strong>et</strong>t'lIlthlla \6' ~ '.1<br />
SOIIO aggiUDU altrl d.e<br />
aomlat falflU leparata-<br />
Roma - Claqae elttadial<br />
lraalanl, che Il dIebtaraao<br />
coatrar! al relime<br />
khomelallta, loaD<br />
meate daU'lru.<br />
fermi da .. bato lCOno Vell media <strong>de</strong>i qaattro<br />
adaltl, ebe Iwmo pre-<br />
nella aaJa tranilU <strong>de</strong>O'<br />
aeroporto dl F1l1mlcIDo, ferlto evitare dl loraire<br />
perché prlvl dl documeat!.<br />
I claqae, ebe loaD d<strong>et</strong>tagll laI modo III enl<br />
le proprie geaerallll e<br />
lIantl a bordo dl an VOID loao riuseltl a es~trIareoè<br />
dl circa %5 aaäI. Del-<br />
dl nDU provenleate da<br />
Dama.co lw1Do eblesto<br />
la 11Irovlceada Il Ita oecupando<br />
a<strong>de</strong>llo l'alto<br />
commlssarlato <strong>de</strong>O'ODa<br />
per i rUagiaU pollUel elle<br />
ba Inviato agil an faaztoaarlo<br />
al .Leonardo da<br />
Vlacl- per I primi coatattI<br />
con Iclnqae.<br />
.Sono ... appato - racconta<br />
UDO dlloro - perché<br />
volev8Do farml tor.<br />
aare al fronte, In prima<br />
IInu, nella guerra coa I'<br />
Iraq. C'ero glA ltato ana<br />
volta e ml era .. Into<br />
per miracolo. Meora a-<br />
<strong>de</strong>na ml porto dl<strong>et</strong>ro I<br />
segal <strong>de</strong>lla gaerra eblmlca:<br />
ho probleml relplratori<br />
e agil oecbt. Dopo u<br />
perlodo dl cura ln an 0-<br />
spadale dl Teheraa ero<br />
tomato al miD luoro dl<br />
eommerclante e ltaVO<br />
lentamente rlcoltnea- '<br />
doml una vlta-.<br />
I rapitori sono solo una frazione d'un popolo smembrato e di fiere tradizioni<br />
Non criminalizziamo tutti i Curdi<br />
Che sia stelo un gmppo di gran<strong>de</strong> SaJakeddin, popolar- l'Irak,l'Unione Sovi<strong>et</strong>ica e la chi Ce<strong>de</strong>li e venne nominato<br />
Curdi a rapire i tre tecnici i- mente noto come .feroce Sataliani<br />
sembra proprio vero, ladino., oggi ai chiamano che risale al Trattato di Lamata<br />
Rossa<br />
Turchia con una spartizione da Stalin generale <strong>de</strong>ll'Ar-<br />
aebbene la rivendicazÎone Curdi. Di loro ai sanno poche sanna <strong>de</strong>i 1923. Nell941, in Da allora, la rivolta pres-I<br />
aia venuta da Beirut dove le coee, ma almeno due aicure: pie na guerra mondiale, l'Unione<br />
Sovi<strong>et</strong>ica attaccO l'I-<br />
ha dato filo da torcere all'I-<br />
aoché permanente <strong>de</strong>i Curdi<br />
aigle <strong>de</strong>i movimenti terrori-' aono <strong>de</strong>i fonnidabili guerriestiCI<br />
pro!ifera'1o e SpeSBOce- ri e avversano, con odio e. ran dal nord e gli inglesi da rak, all'Iran ealla Turchi&.<br />
Ip Il' moviment.i di diveraa quamentediatrlbuito,l'inten<br />
, !,. ce. E' invece un errore graliamo iraniano e il duro infatti concordi sulla neces-<br />
Teheran l' Bagdad, solo un<br />
sud, Stalin e Churchill erano Dopo l'inizio <strong>de</strong>lla guerra fra<br />
al" mire i rapimenti ai regime nazionaliata irache- aità di d<strong>et</strong>ronizzare Reza numero ristr<strong>et</strong>to di capi curdi<br />
ai è achierato apertamente<br />
Cur i nelloro insieme, quaai no. Anche la Turchia (dove Scià, gran<strong>de</strong> amico <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
l08S!ro un'<strong>et</strong>nia globalmen- vivono circa otto milioni di Germania n8ZÏata.<br />
con gli ayatollah non tanto<br />
1 e sdidale con gh inteKTaliati Curdi) ne conoace il feroce Ma Stalin carezzava anche<br />
un altro prog<strong>et</strong>to: creare, quanto per odio verso l'Irak<br />
per convinclmento politico,<br />
lciiti di Khomeini. Tutt'ai rihellismo.<br />
più, i Curdi che aff1ancano Di religione muaulmana a guerra fmita, un Kurdistan dove vivono almeno cinque<br />
"Ii iraniani sono una piutto- (sunnita) e tenacemente fe- indipen<strong>de</strong>nte - naturalmente<br />
aatellite <strong>de</strong>U'Uraa - Ii•.Fatte queate eccezioni, il<br />
milioni di loro cConnaziona-<br />
"to rlstr<strong>et</strong>ta manovalanz.a. d~li al.!a loro o~iginaria org~-<br />
E' d'altron<strong>de</strong> naturale che a- nlZZllZloneSOCiale- una Via BOtto la guida <strong>de</strong>i più leggendario<br />
personaggio <strong>de</strong>lla sto-<br />
re,r.one che riesee a aottrarai<br />
Kurdiatan è ancor oggi una<br />
gli ayatollah faocia eatrf'ma - di mezzo tra il tribsliamo e il<br />
mente comodo geatire le loro feudaleaimo - i Curdi che ria curds dopo il Saladino, all influenza <strong>de</strong>i due regimi<br />
0perazioni aenza apparirne rappreaentarono nei eecoli Muatafà el Barzani. Il prog<strong>et</strong>to<br />
venne realizzato neil' consiatenti gruppu8Coli (pe-<br />
antagoniati. Solo più 0 mena<br />
dir<strong>et</strong>tamente ~oinvolti. 8Corai la punta di diamante<br />
Se tutti i CUI:di - che ao. <strong>de</strong>ll'Islam,hannoinutilinenno<br />
aime no I.reŒci milioni te tentato, a più ripreae ed la proclamazione a Mahabad no alle di~n<strong>de</strong>nze iraniane.<br />
ultimo acomo <strong>de</strong>l 1945 con raltro efficientiaaimil opera-<br />
sparsi fra Iran, Irak, Sirla, ancbe in tempi recenti, di (Iran <strong>de</strong>l nord) <strong>de</strong>Ua Repubblica<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratica curda, la l'Unione nazionaJe <strong>de</strong>i Kur-<br />
Fra qUestl figurerebhe anche<br />
1'urchia e Unione Sovi<strong>et</strong>ica creare uno Stato nazionaJe<br />
- C098eroalleati di Tf'heran, nel Kurdiatan.<br />
cui eaiatenza duro pero pochi distan iracheno che aarebhe<br />
i khomeinillti aVTebbero vin- Il Kurdiatan è una regione mesi, oesia fino a quando per reeponsabile <strong>de</strong>l rapimento<br />
to la g1)~rr8 ccn l'lrak ormai <strong>et</strong>nica <strong>de</strong>ll'Aaia sud-occlda<br />
anni, <strong>de</strong>ntale compresa Ua l'alta tici accolaero la richiesta anhe<br />
di un vero colpo di scena<br />
motivi di realpolitik i sovie-<br />
<strong>de</strong>i tre italiani. Si trattereb-<br />
Gii antic"i Medi <strong>de</strong>BMcui pianura m~potamica, l'Agestll<br />
Acris!'RSI'ofonu-l' che natolia orientale, l'Armenia Il Kurdistan BOtto la 8OVt'8.IlÎ-<br />
e rip<strong>et</strong>utamente proclamata<br />
glo-americana di Cartornare in quanto la Unki si è finora<br />
all'epoca <strong>de</strong>ile Crociate el,-I el'Auirbqian;edèpoliticahero<br />
per capo sunremo il mente sucfdiviAa tra l'Iran. zani riparà nell'Uraa con po-<br />
Ellc-io<br />
tà iraniana. Muatafà el Bar-<br />
comuniata<br />
Melaai<br />
LA STAMPA 15ottobre 1987<br />
~1sottosegr<strong>et</strong>ario agli Esteri: Nessun messaggio <strong>de</strong>i rapitori kurdi<br />
«Non hanno chieslo un riscaHo»<br />
I tecnici sequestrati starebbero bene - Zanone: il ritiro <strong>de</strong>lla flotta ci farebbe per<strong>de</strong>re la credibilità - Atteso a Roma liceministro iraniano<br />
Ma la Camera era semi<strong>de</strong>serta<br />
ROMA - Il sottosegr<strong>et</strong>ario<br />
agli Esteri Gilberto Bonalum!.<br />
durante il questIon<br />
time dl lerl. svoltosl alla Camera<br />
ln. un'aula pressoché<br />
<strong>de</strong>serta. ha inlormat.o che,<br />
llnora. •nesstm 'ileS uiniO 0<br />
riehlesta di rf ,~utto ~ peT/lenuto<br />
aile azien<strong>de</strong> presso le<br />
quaIi lavoravano i tre teenici<br />
rapitt •.<br />
Il rapp:-esentante ael governo<br />
ha anche precisato<br />
che 11 messagglo <strong>de</strong>l 12 ottobre<br />
nel quale si affermava<br />
che 1 tre tecnicl sono staU<br />
seotlpstrati per .protestare<br />
~o~tro gli aiutl italiani al<br />
regime iracheno e eontro la<br />
1>TesenzamilItare Itallana.<br />
Ilel Golfo. recava la firma<br />
<strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan Iraqui natlonal<br />
mouvement. mentre gH<br />
autori <strong>de</strong>l sequestro sarebbero<br />
da I<strong>de</strong>ntificarsl nel<br />
gruppo Patnotlc unIon of<br />
Kurdistan.<br />
Dunque. In questa situa--<br />
zlone. il governo manUene<br />
ferma l'oplnione che non<br />
eslsta nesso tra Il sequestro<br />
e la missi one ne] Golfo e.<br />
stan do al tono <strong>de</strong>lla breve<br />
seduta di iert. questa poslzlone<br />
è stata sostanzialmente<br />
acc<strong>et</strong>tata dal Parlamento,<br />
sla Dure 'con l'eccezlone<br />
di <strong>de</strong>mocrazla prol<strong>et</strong>arla.<br />
.Debbo sottolineare - ha<br />
alfermato Bonalumi - che<br />
la linea costantemente seguita<br />
da tutti i Paesi ehe<br />
sono stati toccati da analoghi<br />
incresciosi episodi t<br />
~pre stata lmprontata<br />
alla cc" iegna <strong>de</strong>i massimo<br />
riserbo e dalla piit assoluta<br />
discre.ö'lone,sempre 'laturalmente<br />
nel risp<strong>et</strong>to, comun.<br />
que. da parte <strong>de</strong>l gOl'erno<br />
itallano. dl una permanente<br />
infonna.none <strong>de</strong>l familiari<br />
ed In str<strong>et</strong>ta collaborazlone<br />
con le a.nen<strong>de</strong> Interessate •.<br />
Le Informazlonl in possesso<br />
<strong>de</strong>I govemo confermano il<br />
buono stato dl salute <strong>de</strong>i tre<br />
tecnlcl.<br />
.La nostra ambasciata -<br />
ha agglunto Il sottosegr<strong>et</strong>ario<br />
agH Esterl - infonn6<br />
-> 47
LA STAMPA<br />
servizio<br />
immediatamente le autorità .<br />
irachene ottenendo, come e<br />
usu'a/e in ta/i casi, /a /oro<br />
collaborazione •.<br />
In un'intervista concessa<br />
all'Europeo, che l'ha anticipata<br />
ieri. il ministro <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
Difesa Valerio Zanone sostiene<br />
che sospen<strong>de</strong>re la<br />
missione in seguito al sequestra<br />
<strong>de</strong>i tecnici .significherebbe<br />
vanificarne le fina/ità,<br />
portare un duro co/-<br />
po alla so/idari<strong>et</strong>à occi<strong>de</strong>ntale<br />
e alla stessa azione dl<br />
pace intrapresa dall'Onu.,<br />
.Non parUamo poi - ag-.<br />
giunge il ministro - <strong>de</strong>l'<br />
danno Irrlmediabile che subirebbe<br />
/a nostra credibi/ltd<br />
internazionale •.<br />
Dibattito alla Camera (semi<strong>de</strong>~rta)<br />
ccDai kurcli nessuna richiesta))<br />
,<br />
• Ana Camera, in un'aula semi<strong>de</strong>serta, Il sottose-gr<strong>et</strong>arlo<br />
agil Ester! Bonalumi ha d<strong>et</strong>to ier! che le azien<strong>de</strong> per le quall<br />
lavorava.no I tre tecnJc1 raplt! in Iraq non hanna r!cevuto finora<br />
.nessun messaggjo e _714 rlclùesto. tU rise<strong>et</strong>to. da<br />
parte <strong>de</strong>I kurdi. La linea dl Roma rlmane .impronto.to. alla<br />
consegM <strong>de</strong>l 7Il4S3imoriserbo.; secondo le inlormazlonJ in<br />
possesso <strong>de</strong>i governo, 10stato dl salute <strong>de</strong>i sequestratl è buono.<br />
Bonaluml ha nbadlto che non esiste alcun nesso tra<br />
questa vlcenda e la guerra nel Golfo. n ministre <strong>de</strong>ll", Dltesa<br />
Zanone, ln un'intervista, ha d<strong>et</strong>to che .il ritiro <strong>de</strong>lla flotta<br />
farebbe crollare 14nostra cTedibtlild Internaelon4le.,<br />
• L'ambasclata d'Italia a Teheran ha chlesto la collabOrazlone<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Iran per .Indlviduare I caMU più opportuni. per<br />
una trattatlva con I rapitor!, La s<strong>et</strong>timana prossima arrlverà<br />
a Roma Il vice ministro <strong>de</strong>gll Ester!lranJano.<br />
• Raid iracheno<br />
sul Kurdistan<br />
MANAMA - Radio<br />
Teheran ha comunlcato.<br />
che aerei lracheni hanna<br />
bombardato lerl un<br />
villaggio curdo nella<br />
zona irachena. Il bombardamento<br />
ha provocato,<br />
secondo Radio Teheran.<br />
11 mort! e 23 leriti<br />
tra ! quall vi sono<br />
donne e bambinI.<br />
• UeOl dlscusso<br />
coordlnamento<br />
nel Golfo<br />
L'AJA - Alti lunzlonar!<br />
<strong>de</strong>i s<strong>et</strong>te Paesl che<br />
lanno parte <strong>de</strong>ll'Unlone<br />
Europea Occi<strong>de</strong>ntale si<br />
sono incontrat! a1I'Aja<br />
per prosegulre le consultazloni<br />
sul Oolfo. E'<br />
stata dlscussa ./a p~nbtlita<br />
<strong>de</strong>l mtgUoram.ento<br />
<strong>de</strong>i contalti allo scopodl<br />
rafforeare Il coordinamento<br />
a livelID pratico e<br />
tccnico<strong>de</strong>l/e operazlonl<br />
nel Golfo. (Agl)<br />
(cRflCkei <strong>de</strong>i kurdi slJJlle imprese illllianeJJ<br />
MILANO - Nel Kurdistan,<br />
per le imprese italiane<br />
co!jlcome per qualsiasi altra<br />
impresa non irachena, è<br />
come lavarare sotto due padrOn!:<br />
lino che assegna l'appalto<br />
e l'a1tro ehc pr<strong>et</strong>en<strong>de</strong> il<br />
subappalto, più 0 mena ,sotto<br />
banco. Uno è il governo trn-'<br />
cheno dl Saddam Hussein,<br />
l'altro sarebbe Il governo<br />
ombra kurdo. QlIella zona, Il<br />
Kurdistan, è softo controlla:<br />
chi vuol IQvorare pap, chi<br />
vince la gara d'appalto <strong>de</strong>ve<br />
m<strong>et</strong>ter in conto il subappalto<br />
Ċhi resta fuori, chi non è<br />
. nuscito ad ottenere l'appal-.<br />
to, ora si sloga. Slogo comprenslbilmente<br />
anonlmo: .Il<br />
Kurdisto.n come 14 Sicilia,<br />
per usare una m<strong>et</strong>o.fora chiarissima<br />
- s"piega il responsabile<br />
.pi un'impresa dl costruzloni<br />
ben quotata anche<br />
in Borsa -. Come nella nostra<br />
lrpinia <strong>de</strong>l dopo terremota,<br />
dove chi voleva l'appalto<br />
per la ricostruzione n Il<br />
dovuto 4Ccordare con la ca-<br />
1IWm1 di Raffaele Cutolo.<br />
Ma non e unD scandalo, almena<br />
per chi e <strong>de</strong>l s<strong>et</strong>tore.<br />
Non Il U714novild. Da .quelle'<br />
parti e sempre stata' con. lntennedian,<br />
poi, ce ne sono<br />
fin troppi: a partire da casa<br />
nostra_.<br />
Da quelle parti sono cinque<br />
le azien<strong>de</strong> itallane al 10.-<br />
voro: Ole e Sae. il consorzio<br />
lmpresit, ltalstat, Girola e<br />
Lodigiani. I tre tecnici sequestratl<br />
sono due <strong>de</strong>lla Oie<br />
e uno <strong>de</strong>lla Sac. Ovvio che,<br />
in questl moment!, dalle 50-<br />
cl<strong>et</strong>l\ non arrlvino altro che<br />
comunicati ufficiali: tutti<br />
tranquillizzantl, beneaugurant!,<br />
ottimlstlci quasi. Vero<br />
è che lavarare nel Kurdistan,<br />
da <strong>de</strong>cenni, vuol dire<br />
conoscere canali diplomatici<br />
parelleU e sicuri. Ole e Sac si<br />
richiamano a .prece<strong>de</strong>nt\.<br />
(che, nessuno aveva mai conosciuto,<br />
tranne il ministero<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli Esten) conclusi alla<br />
meglio.<br />
.1 contratti - dice un'a1-<br />
tra voce di un'impresa interessal.&.<br />
in oassato: agli appalti<br />
in Iraq - sono flrml1tl<br />
con tl governo di Bagluù1d; a<br />
nOf,<strong>de</strong>i kurdl, non dovrebbe<br />
'Importare nul/a ..... E Jnvece<br />
non sarebbe cosl. .[nvece -<br />
chiarlsce un altro manager<br />
- anche se i nostn accordi<br />
sarebbero con 11Soe, 10State'<br />
Organization at Electricity,<br />
l'Enel trachcno, dobblamo<br />
fare i conti con il mOlrimento<br />
kurdo. Epensare che per vincere<br />
una gara d'appalto battfamo<br />
gli amencanf <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
General Electnc, i giappone-'<br />
sf <strong>de</strong>lla Mltsubishl, glf svizzen<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla Broum Boven .....<br />
Le imprese ItaUane, nonostante<br />
Ie dUllcolta. restano<br />
nel Kurdistan. E l'appalto<br />
!racheno. nonostante i kurdi,<br />
è ricercato. Un interventa,<br />
quelio italiano, che si allarga<br />
ad altre piccole imprese.<br />
Se Ole e Sae hanna commesse<br />
per la costruzione dl<br />
centrali Idroel<strong>et</strong>triche, In<br />
realtà la lara presenza si limita<br />
alla sovrlnten<strong>de</strong>nza.<br />
Pochi l1ipen<strong>de</strong>ntl Invlatl sul<br />
posta: Il responsablle di cantiere,<br />
il responsablle <strong>de</strong>i materiaU,<br />
insomma I dir<strong>et</strong>torl<br />
d'opera. Pol, come ai tecnlcl<br />
speclaUzzat! <strong>de</strong>ll'El<strong>et</strong>tra prog<strong>et</strong>t!<br />
dl Novara: Il collaudo<br />
Impiant!.<br />
Un altro dirigente: .CI accordiamo,<br />
0 meglfo si accordano,<br />
con il governo di Saddam<br />
Hussein, pero esiste<br />
questa pesante influenza <strong>de</strong>i<br />
kurdl. un ~nfluenza che solo<br />
a<strong>de</strong>sso sembra esser stata<br />
scoperta e al contrario esisle<br />
da almenD vent'anni. Un influenza<br />
che e pesante, pesantissima,<br />
più si lavora nelle<br />
zone <strong>de</strong>i lorD confini. In Iraq<br />
chi lal>ora nel Kurdistan per<br />
conlo <strong>de</strong>i governo di Saddam,<br />
<strong>de</strong>IJC pagare il dazio ai<br />
kurdi. Altrimenti non si lavorall,<br />
Condlzloni di lavoro che<br />
vengono acc<strong>et</strong>tate per mot!-<br />
vi dl sicurezza. Una r<strong>et</strong>e<br />
eleUrica per la centrale di<br />
Mosul, nella zona di confltie<br />
regionale, in questl glomi<br />
sta per essere ultimata da<br />
operai kurd!. Ai tecnicl ltaliani<br />
solo la consulenza per<br />
reallzzazione e collaudi. C'è<br />
chi sostiene che questa sla la<br />
prima condizione per garantIre<br />
la slcurezza durante I lavor!;<br />
e c'è chi, al contrario,<br />
nbatte: .Non e vero, l'accorda<br />
preve<strong>de</strong> manodopera tereomontUsto..<br />
Se glf accord!'<br />
non sono mu tati ln queste<br />
ultime s<strong>et</strong>timane, chi Il allavoro<br />
e soprattutto di naeionalitâ<br />
pakisto.na •.<br />
Almena 235 azIen<strong>de</strong> itallane,<br />
nell'ultimo biennlo, sono<br />
state interessate agil appaltl<br />
in Iraq. Giovanni Cerruti<br />
L'italia cerca collaborazione<br />
. ,<br />
a Teheran<br />
'ROMA - Sui tre ito.liani<br />
rapiti dai kurdt fila-iranianl<br />
teri è scesa una cortina di n-<br />
leazio. Le rassicuranti dichiaraeioni<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli esponenti<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla resisten.ea kurda provenien<br />
ti da Londro e Pnrigi<br />
. non hanno avuto ulteriore<br />
ceo. E al silenzio <strong>de</strong>i rapitori<br />
n e abbtnato il comprensibtle<br />
riserbo man tenuto da parte<br />
italiana che attraverso la<br />
cosidd<strong>et</strong>ta .dlplomazla segr<strong>et</strong>a.<br />
conta di avvtare i<br />
contalti necessari per ottenere<br />
il rilascio <strong>de</strong>i tre ostaggt.<br />
In questo quadro, si inserisce<br />
una novità: un passo<br />
umanitano compiuto dalla<br />
nostra ambasciata a Tehe-<br />
.ran presso Il regime khomeinlsta<br />
per ottenere la collaborazlone<br />
<strong>de</strong>/l'lran .nella Indlvlduazione<br />
<strong>de</strong>i canali più opportuni.<br />
per giungere a lin<br />
contatto dir<strong>et</strong>to con glt es~<br />
ner.ti <strong>de</strong>/l'Unione patriottica<br />
48<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Kurdtstan Iracheno.<br />
Questa dir<strong>et</strong>tiva impartita<br />
dalla Farnenna alla nostra<br />
ambasclato. nella capito.le<br />
iraniana sul piano umanltario,<br />
come si tiene a specificare<br />
a Roma allu<strong>de</strong>ndo a/l'opera<br />
di organizeazioni come la<br />
.Mezealuna rossa., ha trovata<br />
pero un puntuale riscontro<br />
politico. Fonti diplomatiche<br />
hanno rivelato che la<br />
s!'ttimana prossima giungera<br />
a Roma, in un giorno ancora<br />
da preclsare, il viceministro<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli Esteri di Teheran, Mohamed<br />
Laranjani, che <strong>de</strong>si<strong>de</strong>ra<br />
incontrarsi con Andreotti.<br />
La Farnesina tiene a<br />
precisare che /a visita di Laranjani<br />
non ha nuUa a che<br />
ve<strong>de</strong>re con il .caso. <strong>de</strong>i tre<br />
tecnici rapiti ne/l'Iraq. Ma si<br />
inserisee neUe manovre di-<br />
tariD generale <strong>de</strong>U'Onu <strong>de</strong><br />
Ctdllar.<br />
Lo presi<strong>de</strong>nza di turno <strong>de</strong>i<br />
Consiglio di sicureeza <strong>de</strong>Ue<br />
Nazioni Unite d<strong>et</strong>enuta per<br />
questo mese dal/'ltalia avvalora<br />
certamen te la missione<br />
di Loranjani a Roma. Ma appare<br />
scontato che Andreotti<br />
cogliera quest'occasione per<br />
rinnovare al rappresen tan te<br />
di Teheran la nchiesta italiana<br />
dl • buoni uffici. presso<br />
il gruppe kurdo che ha rivendicato<br />
il rapirnento <strong>de</strong>i<br />
nostri tre tecnicl e che ha<br />
una se<strong>de</strong> anche nella capitale<br />
iraniana. Di più ufficialmente<br />
non si vuol dire a<br />
Roma, per non caricare di<br />
troppi significatl il pros~1mo<br />
incontro romano fra il ministro<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli Esteri e il SUDcole<br />
lega Iraniano e per rischiare<br />
plomatiche in atto neUe ultime<br />
s<strong>et</strong>timane per rilanclare<br />
di comprom<strong>et</strong>tere.<br />
1'cie1onemedia tri ce <strong>de</strong>l segre- .<br />
per troppa<br />
pubblicita. quei contaUi<br />
confi<strong>de</strong>nZtali che in quest!<br />
casi sono la chiave migliore<br />
per ottenere il rilascio <strong>de</strong>i rapiti.<br />
Intervenendo a un dibattito<br />
organizzato da dp a<br />
Roma, ieri un esponente <strong>de</strong>ll<br />
'Unione patrioUica <strong>de</strong>l Kurdistan<br />
ha voluto ndimensionare<br />
la porta ta <strong>de</strong>i legami<br />
che uniscono la sua forma-<br />
,zoione al regime iraniano,<br />
proprio per non esporre Teheran<br />
a un ruolo di prima<br />
fi/a in questo .caso •.• Non<br />
c'è nessuna alleanza politlca<br />
fra noi e l'Iran - ha sostenuto<br />
Ahmad Darwish -. Acc<strong>et</strong>tiamo<br />
semplicemente una<br />
certa collaborazlone militare<br />
dagli iraniani per rovesciare<br />
il governo iracheno. Il nostro<br />
obi<strong>et</strong>tivo comune è solo<br />
la caduta di Saddam Hussein.<br />
Senza dl lui potremmo<br />
avere la posslbilita di formare<br />
uno Stato kurdo-. L'esponente<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Upk ha proseguito<br />
affermando che .Ie compagnie<br />
stra.nlere a1l'opera in<br />
Iraq alutano dl fatto Il regime<br />
lasclsta di Saddam Hussein,<br />
che non rlsp<strong>et</strong>ta I dinttI<br />
umani e martirizza la nostra<br />
popolazione civile ucci<strong>de</strong>ndo<br />
donne e bambini con<br />
gas e armi chimiche. Ottocentomila<br />
persane sono state<br />
<strong>de</strong>portate e rinchiuse in<br />
campi di raccolta nel Sud<br />
<strong>de</strong>I Paese •.<br />
NeU'amblto dl questa lotta<br />
di liberazione nazianale, I "-<br />
beUi sequestrano i /avoratori<br />
stranieri per far conoscere al<br />
mondo il genocidio che rischiano<br />
i kurdi e per far cessare<br />
gli aiutl al governo iracheno<br />
.• Senza gU aiutl <strong>de</strong>l-<br />
)'Occi<strong>de</strong>nte e <strong>de</strong>ll'Arabla<br />
Saudita, il regime iracheno<br />
sarebbe glà stato spazzato<br />
via. ha concluso l'esponente<br />
<strong>de</strong>Ua guerrlglia.<br />
Paolo Patruno
,<br />
P.ABSBSEBA<br />
15 ottobre 1987<br />
Intervista a Paese Sera <strong>de</strong>l capo <strong>de</strong>ll'«Unione patriottie~\\ (lllrOR ~ T I)nnra<br />
le n<br />
condizioni"<br />
Per il primo rapito chœ<strong>de</strong> maschere antigos, per gli altri il ritiro <strong>de</strong>llà flotta<br />
LONDRA. I tre ostaggi ita!iani<br />
in mano all"Unione patriottica<br />
<strong>de</strong>I Kurdistan" potrebbero<br />
finire in due diverse<br />
direzioni. Lo spiega in' un'intervista<br />
a "Paese Sera" Omar<br />
Mustafa, rappresentante <strong>de</strong>i<br />
curdi a Londra. ((Per la liberazione<br />
di Curnin<strong>et</strong>ti - ha d<strong>et</strong>to<br />
-chiediamo 5000 maschere<br />
antigas e una potente antenna.<br />
Per Carrara e Diotal.<br />
levi vogliamo il ritiro <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
flotta italiana da! Golfo». Ieri,<br />
il sottosegr<strong>et</strong>ario Bona!umi<br />
ha risposto alla Camera<br />
alle interrogazioni di tutti i<br />
partiti: non c'è un messaggio<br />
preciso <strong>de</strong>i rapitori, ha d<strong>et</strong>to.<br />
«Continueremo a seguire la<br />
linea <strong>de</strong>l silenzio».<br />
Un nuooo tour a Romn<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'inviato di Kho11œini<br />
ROMA. Su richiesta ïnupana si svolgerà all'inizio <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
prossima s<strong>et</strong>timana a Roma un colloquio tra il vice mini.<br />
stro <strong>de</strong>g1iesteri di Teheran, Mohamed Larijani, e il ministro<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli esten Giulio Andreotti. Fonti diplomatiche<br />
hanno confermato che il braccio <strong>de</strong>stro di Velayati ha<br />
chiesto di incontrare Andreotti nella qualità di presi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
di turno <strong>de</strong>I Consiglio di sicurezza <strong>de</strong>ll'Onu.<br />
il colloquio avrà probabilmente a! centro il prosieguo<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'iniziativa <strong>de</strong>l segr<strong>et</strong>ario <strong>de</strong>ll'Onu Perez <strong>de</strong> Cuellar<br />
per l'attuazione <strong>de</strong>lla tregua nel Golfo.<br />
',-----<br />
Esclusivo. Intervista<br />
al lea<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>i curdi a Londra<br />
Condizioni separate œr ilrilascio<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli italiani. In cambfO"di Cumin<strong>et</strong>ti<br />
cinquemila maschere antigas e una radio~<br />
.Gli altri ogg<strong>et</strong>to diuna trattativa .<br />
politica.
PAESESEBA Per due pl~ezzopiù alto servizio •<br />
cil Rlcc8nfo Malley<br />
. LONDRA. C'è una separazione<br />
nelle condizioni per il rUa".<br />
scia <strong>de</strong>i tre ost.aggi itallani se- .<br />
questrati dai guerrigJieri<br />
curdi, al punto da dissipare i<br />
dubbi su una d<strong>et</strong>erminante<br />
regia iraniana.<br />
Per il rilascio di Giacomo<br />
Curnin<strong>et</strong>ti, rapito il 14 s<strong>et</strong>tembre<br />
(quando la presenza<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle nostre navi nel Golfo<br />
non era ancora scontata),<br />
viene chiesta poca roba:<br />
c
•<br />
•<br />
PABSB SEBA<br />
. sel'VÏZio<br />
ilgavema rispan<strong>de</strong> alle interrogazioni sul sequestra<br />
-"'Vonsi sa con chi trattare<br />
ROMA. Il governo non sa ancora esattamente<br />
chi abbia sequestrato i tre tecnici<br />
italiani in Iraq. Lo ha confermato ieri il<br />
sottosegr<strong>et</strong>ario agli Esteri Gilberto Bonalumi<br />
rispon<strong>de</strong>ndo alla Camera alle<br />
interrogazioni sui silenzi <strong>de</strong>lla Farnesina<br />
(il primo rapimento avvenne tra il14<br />
e il 15 s<strong>et</strong>tembre) e sulle possibili connessioni<br />
con l'invio <strong>de</strong>lla flotta nel Golfo.<br />
Il governo - ha spiegato Bonalumi<br />
- continuerà a mantenere una linea di<br />
riserbo e di assoluta discrezione, «una<br />
scelta che il ministro <strong>de</strong>gli Esteri inten<strong>de</strong><br />
seguire per tutelare l'incolumità <strong>de</strong>gli<br />
ostaggi». «E anche perché - ha precisato<br />
- una linea diversa comporterebbe<br />
l'avvenuta individuazione di isti.<br />
tuzioni e interlocutori certi, cosa spesso<br />
non possibile in situazioni <strong>de</strong>I genere».<br />
Il sottosegr<strong>et</strong>ario ha perà afTermato che<br />
da notizie irachene il sequestro non sarebbe<br />
opera <strong>de</strong>I gruppo curdo che ]0 rivendicà<br />
quattro giorni fa chie<strong>de</strong>ndo il<br />
ritiro <strong>de</strong>lle nostre navi dal'Golfo, bensi<br />
di un'aUra formazione curda, la «Patriotic<br />
Union for Kurdistan», capeggiata da}<br />
lea<strong>de</strong>r Talamani.<br />
Secondo Bonalumi non solo non vi è<br />
confli tto tra Farnesina, palazzo Chigi e<br />
il Quirinale, ma l'evolversi <strong>de</strong>lla vicenda<br />
sarebbe seguita costantemente da<br />
Andreotti e da Goria. Le notizie dall'Iraq<br />
confermerebbero poi che i rapiti sono<br />
incolumi. Inflne nessun messaggio 0<br />
richiesta di riscatto è arrivata alle ditte<br />
presso cui lavorano Giacomo Cornin<strong>et</strong>ti,<br />
Roberto Diotallevi e Giuseppe Carrara.<br />
Nel dibattito le opposizioni di s~~<br />
stra hanno soprattutto individuat(}~ui1<br />
collegamento tra la missione nel Golfo e<br />
il rapimento e hanno polemizzato con<br />
l'eccesso di riserbo che ha tagliato fuori<br />
il Quirinale dai canali di informazione.<br />
Il radicale Rutelli ha polemizzato: «ll governo<br />
sta afTondando nel ridicolo e nella<br />
vergogna <strong>de</strong>lla confusione <strong>de</strong>lla sua<br />
azione, se è vero che neanche il capo <strong>de</strong>l-<br />
10 Stato era informato <strong>de</strong>l rapimento». II<br />
<strong>de</strong>moprol<strong>et</strong>ario Capanna ha criticato:<br />
«Inutile nascon<strong>de</strong>rci che se la cosa si<br />
fosse saputa prima <strong>de</strong>l secondo dibattito<br />
parlamentare sul Golfo molte valutazioni<br />
sulla missione militare sarebbero state<br />
diverse». Il ver<strong>de</strong> Savoldi ha aggiunto:<br />
«La mancata informazione g<strong>et</strong>ta<br />
un'ombra su tutta l'iniziativa italiana<br />
nel Golfo» e ha chiesto al governo di far<br />
rientrare la flotta. Anche l'indipen<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
di sinistra Stefano Rodotà ha accusato:<br />
«La presenza militare ha sicuramente<br />
accresciuto le occasioni di rischio».<br />
Il comunista Napolitano ha domandato<br />
al governo se, <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>ndo la spedi-<br />
. zione, si tenne conto di tutte le possibili<br />
compiicazioni e ha sollecitato «una<br />
chiara presa di posizione contro ogni<br />
fornitura di arroi ad ~ran e Iraq e l'assoluta<br />
?eutralità italiana tra i due belligeran~1».D!fesa<br />
<strong>de</strong>I governo da repubblicanI,<br />
soclal<strong>de</strong>mocratici, <strong>de</strong>mocristiani<br />
liberali che escludono connessioni tra il<br />
sequestro e la task-force nel Golfo.<br />
«Qualche riserva» è stata invece espressa<br />
dal socialista BufToni il quale ve<strong>de</strong><br />
nelle dichiarazioni di Bonalumi la conferma<br />
«<strong>de</strong>I mancato coordinamento ai<br />
più .!lUilivelli di governo».<br />
i.pa.<br />
-)<br />
51
PABSE SEBA. servizio<br />
Raeeonta un teenieo italiano. «COS! ho vissuto tra i eurdi: ogni<br />
giorno una sfida»<br />
quasi da<br />
meravlgliarsi che rapimenli<br />
c scomparse non siano case<br />
di tutti i giorni Ne parla con<br />
Giuseppe t'aIT l, un L""'IHl-U<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla «Nalco italiana spa»<br />
(fornisce prodotti chimici<br />
per il trattamento <strong>de</strong>lle<br />
acque) che ho conosciuto 10<br />
scorso anno a Baghdad. Ogni<br />
giorno ci incontravamo nella<br />
hall <strong>de</strong>l «Palestine' Hotel» e<br />
lui mi diceva quell" che sarebbe<br />
stata la sua <strong>de</strong>stinazione:<br />
«Oggi vado a Mosul ... 00-<br />
mani sono a Kirkuk ...»; e 10<br />
incontravo la sera, al ritorno,<br />
stanco ma tranquilla nell'edificio<br />
dorato che, come<br />
tutti i grandi alberghi <strong>de</strong>i<br />
mondo, ti fa sentire in uno<br />
stato di extraterritorialità, in<br />
un limbo dove scmbra che<br />
mai nulla ti <strong>de</strong>bba acca<strong>de</strong>re<br />
(l'unico pensiero che ti pren<strong>de</strong><br />
prima di dormire è quella<br />
di un missile notturno, vista<br />
che ~ alberghi sono costruziom<br />
a grattacielo e quindi<br />
molto esposte).<br />
«Se riesci a tornare a Bagdad<br />
- dice Parri nel suo ufficio<br />
romano <strong>de</strong>ll'Eur - sei a<br />
posta. Ma <strong>de</strong>vi partire per<br />
tempo, almena prima <strong>de</strong>lle<br />
17.Più tardi diventa pericolosa<br />
Melli il casa che buchi<br />
una ruota e ti sorpren<strong>de</strong> il<br />
buio. Dopa una certa ara la<br />
strada che porta alla capitale<br />
viene addirittura chiusa dalle<br />
autorità irachene. Lora sono<br />
i primi a sapere il pericolo<br />
che si corre».<br />
«Certa. Non vaglio discute.<br />
re le lara ragioni, che saranno<br />
sacrosante. Pero la prima<br />
casa che viene raccont.ata a<br />
chi arriva in Iraq è che il far.<br />
macista, dopo aver chiuso<br />
bottega, si arma di fucile e si<br />
aPt>Ostalungo la strada. Forse<br />
e come una barzell<strong>et</strong>ta sui<br />
carabinieri. E' inventata, ma<br />
i curdi erano famosi per assa.<br />
lire le caravane che risaliva.<br />
no il Golfo».<br />
-Paura?<br />
«Spesso e malta. Quando si<br />
va negli stabilimenti p<strong>et</strong>roliferi<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Nord <strong>de</strong>ll'Iraq, ci alloggiano<br />
in certe foresterie ai<br />
bordi <strong>de</strong>l campo per nulla<br />
prot<strong>et</strong>te_ Sono zone isolate, ai<br />
limiti <strong>de</strong>i <strong>de</strong>serta. Le finestre<br />
hanna v<strong>et</strong>ri e null'altro. Una<br />
natte è toccata anche a me<br />
dormirci. Allara ho preso<br />
dalla cucina un grosso coltel-<br />
10,l'ho messo sotta il cuscino<br />
e ho dormito con un occhio<br />
solo. Ed era già fortunato ad<br />
avere una costruzione in<br />
mattoni. Altri vivona in roulotte,<br />
in cas<strong>et</strong>te prefabbricate,<br />
nei containers che sono<br />
serviti a traspartare macchine<br />
e material!. Ci m<strong>et</strong>tonQ un<br />
apparecchio per l'aria condizionata<br />
e via».<br />
- I campi non vengono<br />
recintati?<br />
«La recinzione costa».<br />
- E nessuno vi avverte<br />
<strong>de</strong>I pericolo? Le autorità<br />
iracbene'" 0 l'ambasciata<br />
italiana ..•<br />
«Per carità, nessuno cidice<br />
qualcosa. la ho ratto esperienza<br />
da solo. E poi noi <strong>de</strong>lle<br />
piccole ditte facciamo visite<br />
brevi, ci spostiamo rapidamente.<br />
Per chi resta lungh1<br />
periodi è più pericoloso. Pero<br />
quelli come me sono più<br />
esposti in un altro senso. Per<br />
muoverci nei paesi arabi ci<br />
portiamo di<strong>et</strong>ro una somma<br />
di dollari e questa ci fa anche<br />
apparire come una preda<br />
app<strong>et</strong>itosa per la <strong>de</strong>linquenzacomune».<br />
- Ma non ci sono albergbi<br />
incui alloggiare?<br />
«Non in queste cittadine.<br />
Quelli esistenti, hé, meglio<br />
non parlarne. Un'ultima casa.<br />
Mi dispiace per i tre sequestrati.<br />
Potrebbe essere<br />
capitato a me. E non è d<strong>et</strong>to<br />
che non abbia corso questo<br />
perico)o. A<strong>de</strong>sso non ho in<br />
previsione akun viaggio da<br />
quelle parti. E se raccontassi<br />
che mi dispiace direi una bu.<br />
gia».<br />
•<br />
•<br />
Un gruppo dl guerrlgllerl<br />
nel Kurdistan, In una zona<br />
vicino à Mosul dove sono slatt<br />
raplll I Ire lecnlclltallanl.<br />
52
•<br />
•<br />
Gli ayatollah rivelano: colpiti centri controliati dai gueniglieri filo-iraniani<br />
PABSB SEBA Bagdad spara sui villaggi curdi<br />
noslro<br />
servlzlo<br />
DUBAI. Nel mirino <strong>de</strong>i j<strong>et</strong> di<br />
Bagdad ci sono anche i curdi.<br />
Undici morti e ven titre feriti<br />
costituiscono il bilancio <strong>de</strong>i<br />
raid condotto su un villaggio<br />
ai contini <strong>de</strong>ll'Iraq. Radio Te<br />
heran dà notizia anche di<br />
un'altra incursione <strong>de</strong>ll'artiglieria<br />
irachena contra abitazioni<br />
cur<strong>de</strong> nella zona di Kirkuk<br />
per dissua<strong>de</strong>re la popolazione<br />
a dare assistenza ai<br />
guerriglieri filo-iraniani. La<br />
battaglia <strong>de</strong>i Golfo si sposta,<br />
in continuazione, dalla terra<br />
al mare. L'Iran torna protagonista<br />
nella aggressioni alle<br />
p<strong>et</strong>roliere. Stavolta i pasdaran<br />
hanna mitragliato nella<br />
natte la nave da carico liberiana<br />
Atlantic Peace, di<br />
84.631tonnellate. L'unità, seconda<br />
quanta ha riferito il<br />
comandante, ha riportato<br />
dan ni di lieve entità_ Nessuno<br />
<strong>de</strong>i componenti <strong>de</strong>ll'equipaggio<br />
è rimasto ferito.<br />
Secondo funzionari <strong>de</strong>lle<br />
soci<strong>et</strong>à armatrici che opera.<br />
no nella regione, le cannaniere<br />
iraniane hanna ripreso ad<br />
interc<strong>et</strong>tare le navi che en.<br />
trano nel Golfo, controllan.<br />
done i carichi e la <strong>de</strong>stinazio.<br />
ne. Sono intanto dall'altro ie.<br />
ri a Kuwait quattra p<strong>et</strong>rolie.<br />
re battenti bandiera Usa che<br />
hanna attraversato 10str<strong>et</strong>to<br />
di Hormuz dando vita all'un.<br />
dicesimo convoglio che, scortata<br />
da navi da guerra statu.<br />
nitensi, ha soltato il Golfo da<br />
quando è iniziata l'operazio.<br />
ne reflagging.<br />
Al di là <strong>de</strong>llo str<strong>et</strong>to di Hormuz,<br />
in mezzo ad uno <strong>de</strong>i più<br />
battutti tratti <strong>de</strong>i mare di<br />
Oman, il Milazzo e il Sapri<br />
hanno iniziato la missione<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle cacciamine italiane in<br />
una regione investita dagli<br />
eff<strong>et</strong>ti <strong>de</strong>lla guerra tra Iran e<br />
Le roœiamine italiane iniziaruJ la bonijiœ<br />
<strong>de</strong>i mare di Oman ron le navi<br />
di Inghilterra e Francia. Gli Usa rinwu:iarw<br />
per Dra a rinjorzare lapresenza militare<br />
Iraq. E' stato precisato che il<br />
lavoro <strong>de</strong>lle due unità, alle<br />
quali sta per aggiungersi il<br />
Vieste, è cominciato alle Il,<br />
in acque internazionali, al<br />
largo <strong>de</strong>lle coste <strong>de</strong>gli Emira.<br />
ti, in un area in cui 10scorso<br />
anno esplose la guerra <strong>de</strong>lle<br />
mine e dove anche negli ulti.<br />
mi giorni sono stati ritrovati<br />
ordigni da navi inglesi e francesi.<br />
Il Milazzo e il Sapri si<br />
trovano non malta lantana<br />
da dove sono impegnate due<br />
cacciamine britanniche. Nel<br />
tratta dove sana Ie unità ita.<br />
liane si formerà, 0 comunque<br />
transiterà, il seconda con voglio<br />
tricolore impegnato nel<br />
Quell'ombrello Usa<br />
a<strong>de</strong>sso<br />
fa proprio paura<br />
dl Arnaldo Agosllnl<br />
La gran<strong>de</strong> ala prot<strong>et</strong>trice<br />
americana sta<br />
per «coprire») tutto e<br />
tutti, come - fin dall'inizio<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'avventura nel Golfoqualcuno<br />
aveva dato per<br />
scontato. Lü scenario è stato<br />
<strong>de</strong>scritto da Luigi Caligaris<br />
sul Carriere <strong>de</strong>lla Sera.<br />
Gli Stati Uniti - sostiene<br />
Caligaris - sono oggi<br />
disposti a rischiare, a ditTerenza<br />
di quanto avvenne<br />
nel Libano: ••Reagan<br />
avrebbe infatti accolto la<br />
richiesta di non ritirarsi<br />
da! Golfo, anche in casa' di<br />
perdite gravi. Questo ren<strong>de</strong><br />
la "coercive diplomacy"<br />
militarmente credibile).<br />
Washington, insomma, è<br />
pronta: se l'Iran dovesse<br />
provarci, la risposta sareb-<br />
Golfo - dopo quella <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
Jolly Turchese -, atteso a<br />
Dubaï per lunedi e che dovrebbe<br />
essere composto dal<br />
mercantile Merzario Italia e<br />
da due fregate. Sosta ancora<br />
a Muscate, nel sultanato di<br />
Oman, la p<strong>et</strong>roliera italiana<br />
Ambronia, per la quale non<br />
era stata disposta inizial.<br />
mante la scorta e che potrebbe<br />
puntare sul Golfo.<br />
Washington ha precisato<br />
che per ora la flotta Usa si Iimiterà<br />
a scortare le p<strong>et</strong>roliere<br />
kuwaitiane con bandiera a<br />
stelle e a strisce e non andrà<br />
in soccorso di altre navi<br />
fi'<br />
L'Aja. L'Europa si sforza<br />
di coordinare le flotte<br />
L'AJA. Riunione all'Aja <strong>de</strong>i s<strong>et</strong>te paesi <strong>de</strong>ll'Unione Euro.<br />
pea Occi<strong>de</strong>ntale per parlare <strong>de</strong>i Golfo. Si tenta di proseguire<br />
le consultazioni <strong>de</strong>stinate a migliorare il coordina.<br />
menta a livello pratico <strong>de</strong>lle operazioni in quelle acque,<br />
«nel pieno risp<strong>et</strong>to» - è stato precisato - <strong>de</strong>lloro carat.<br />
tere nazianale.<br />
Fonti diplomatiche hanna pero riferito che la riunione<br />
si sia tenuta in funzione <strong>de</strong>ll'incontro tra i ministri<br />
<strong>de</strong>sli-esteri, sempre all' Aja, e che si terrà dal26 al27 ottobre.<br />
Unità <strong>de</strong>lle marine militari <strong>de</strong>i cinque paesi <strong>de</strong>ll'Ueo<br />
(di tutti, salvo la Gerniania, che per ragioni costituzionali<br />
non puo campiere missioni militari fuori <strong>de</strong>i propri confi.<br />
ni, e il Lussemburgo, privo di marina), si trovano attual.<br />
mente nel Golfo 0 vi sono dir<strong>et</strong>te. Da quando ]a crisi nella<br />
regione si è aggravata «i coordinamenti tecnici» si sono<br />
intensificati.<br />
be immediata e ammonitrice.<br />
Alla Us NavY non mancano<br />
i mezzi nè la forza.<br />
L'ltalia è..iD~._.~<br />
perta. br~ di; flisogno.<br />
,;oltanto i muscoli Usa potfebbero<br />
salvard-.;:-Is:t.-proposito,<br />
Caligaris è esplicito:<br />
.4tAg1i ameriami-non<br />
sp<strong>et</strong>ta punire, in vece nostra,<br />
i colpevoli. Vero. Ma<br />
chi puo esc1u<strong>de</strong>rlo?»). Insomma,<br />
se i comandanti di<br />
Reagan 10 ritenessero<br />
opportuno, anche un attacco<br />
contro la nostra taskforce<br />
potrebbe muovere la<br />
rappresaglia <strong>de</strong>gli elicotteri<br />
MH-6 e <strong>de</strong>i caccia a bordo<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle portaerei.<br />
Del resto, gli Stati Uniti<br />
non sono nel Golfo - come<br />
pure avevano spiegato -<br />
per prot~ere e garantir!!<br />
la libertà di navigazione. E.<br />
stato Edward Luttwak,<br />
l'altro giorno, a chiarire gli<br />
ultimi dubbi: ••nvero obi<strong>et</strong>tivo<br />
è quello di controllare<br />
l'espansionismo iraniano e<br />
di crare i presupposti per<br />
un intervento piu largO)).<br />
Luttwak non è Reagan,<br />
anche se figura tra i consiglieri<br />
più ascoltati <strong>de</strong>l Di-<br />
~ento di Stato; e non<br />
e affatto <strong>de</strong>lto che cio che<br />
pensa sia anche ilpensiero<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Esecutivo. Ma sarà bene<br />
.mnotare queste frasi<br />
perchè, al di là <strong>de</strong>Ue strategie<br />
di facciata, la presenza<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntale in quelle acq,ue<br />
sembra -sul punto dl un<br />
preoccuoante salto di qua:<br />
servizio<br />
eventualmnte prese di mira<br />
dall'Iran. L'amministrazione<br />
Usa ha cosi respinto la proposta<br />
<strong>de</strong>l contrammiraglio Ha.<br />
rold Bernsen, comandante<br />
dalla flotta statunitense nella<br />
zona, di espan<strong>de</strong>re la potenza<br />
militare nel Golfo. Secondo<br />
Bernsen Ie navi Usa avrebbe.<br />
ro potuto garantire la libertà<br />
di navigazione solo a palto ji<br />
reagire alle incursione di Teheran<br />
senza tenere conto <strong>de</strong>l.<br />
la nazionalità <strong>de</strong>lle navi aggredite.<br />
La commissione <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
Camera Usa per la marina<br />
mercantile e per la pesca ha<br />
intanto approvato il prezzo<br />
da applicare per ogni viaggio<br />
<strong>de</strong>lle p<strong>et</strong>rolire <strong>de</strong>l Kuwait.<br />
Duecentocinquantamila dollari<br />
per l'andata e altr<strong>et</strong>tanti<br />
per il ritorno che potrebbero .<br />
essere paagati dagli acquirenti<br />
<strong>de</strong>l p<strong>et</strong>rolio <strong>de</strong>ll'emira.<br />
to.<br />
La situazione <strong>de</strong>l Golfo, secondo<br />
l'agenzia Urss, Tass, è<br />
stata al centro <strong>de</strong>i colloqui<br />
che il viceministro <strong>de</strong>gli esteri<br />
sovi<strong>et</strong>ico Yuli Vorontsov<br />
ha avuto a Mosca con ilministro<br />
kuwaitiano per il p<strong>et</strong>rolio<br />
Jeque Ali Al Sabah e con<br />
l'ambasciatore iraniano nella<br />
capitale sovi<strong>et</strong>ica Naser<br />
Heriani Nobari. Vorontsove<br />
Ali Al Sabah, aggiunge la<br />
Tass, hanno sottolineato la<br />
necessità di nuove iniziative<br />
internazionali per porre fme<br />
al conflitto nel risp<strong>et</strong>tto <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
risoluzione 598 approvata in<br />
luglio dal Consiglio di sicurezza<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Onu.<br />
p.es.<br />
.• L'Iran starebbe preparando<br />
un'ondata terroristica in<br />
Europa come ritorsione alla<br />
presenza di alcune marine<br />
occi<strong>de</strong>ntali nel Golfo. La scrive<br />
il quotidiano israeliano<br />
Yediot Ahronot, cHanda fonti<br />
<strong>de</strong>i servizi d'informazione<br />
statunitensi.<br />
1ttk ... -iDfaüi l'ombrello<br />
~~furzasril~<br />
rtnsieme <strong>de</strong>lle unità impe-<br />
...._ ... ~lfô~ automati-<br />
~UcomancIaDW'<strong>de</strong>Jbk.<br />
ftotta-:staQmi..<br />
tense, a <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>re anche il<br />
<strong>de</strong>stino <strong>de</strong>lla Grecale & C.<br />
Alla luce <strong>de</strong>lle dichiarazioni<br />
di Luttwak e <strong>de</strong>lle richieste<br />
di una Us Navy più<br />
potente. c'è di che sussultareo<br />
03
• •<br />
il manifesto<br />
15 ottobre 1987<br />
54<br />
Curdi e Scovacricchi<br />
Dopo aver taciuto il sequestra <strong>de</strong>i tre tecnici italiani,<br />
Goria e Andreotti neppure si presentano in parlamer.rto<br />
Il gave ma ha spedito due sottosegr<strong>et</strong>art (Bonalumi<br />
e Seovaerieehi) a Montecitorto per rlspon<strong>de</strong>re<br />
aIle interrogazionl dl tutti I gruppl sul rapimenta<br />
di tre teeniei italian!in Iraq da parte di un gruppo<br />
eurdo. Sinistra indipen<strong>de</strong>nte. Pr e Dp si sono<br />
dlchiarati ovviamente insoddlsfatti mentre il Pel<br />
(e per altri versi il Psi) ha espresso riserve. Confermata<br />
la eonsegna <strong>de</strong>I «massimo silenzio» seelta<br />
dalla Famesina sul rapimento e sulla trattativa.<br />
di Francesco<br />
Paterno<br />
ROMA. Gilberto Bonalumi,<br />
IOttosegrelario agli ester!, ha<br />
dato una verslone piatla dl tut.<br />
la la vicenda, ostenlando ottl.<br />
mlsmo sulla sorte <strong>de</strong>i tre tee.<br />
nlcl, che godrebbero attual.<br />
mente dl un «buOlJ slato dl<br />
salute..<br />
Bonaluml ha pol eseluso che<br />
attualmente cl slana rlchleste<br />
da parte <strong>de</strong>i gruppo curdo. La<br />
Fameslna, ha aggiunto, ha fat.<br />
to bene a tenere segrela Ja not1zJa<br />
<strong>de</strong>i rapImenta per aglre<br />
plù sped1lamente: ma Cossiga<br />
era llato Informato.<br />
GOLFO<br />
Pioggia di bombe<br />
sui villaggi<br />
<strong>de</strong>I Kurdistan:<br />
undici morti<br />
La vita <strong>de</strong>i tre ostaggi italiani neIle man! <strong>de</strong>i guer.<br />
riglieri curdi è in queste ore nelle manl non soltan.<br />
ta <strong>de</strong>i lara rapitorl ma anche in quelle <strong>de</strong>i piloU<br />
irachen1. L'aviazione di Baghdad ha iert bombar.<br />
data pesante mente molU vUlaggi <strong>de</strong>l Kurdistan ira.<br />
cheno m<strong>et</strong>tendo a repentaglio la vita <strong>de</strong>i nostri connazionali.<br />
Mentre due unità italiane iniziano la sml.<br />
namenta, fuori <strong>de</strong>I Golfo, rimane in forse la scorta<br />
per le navi dlr<strong>et</strong>te in Iran.<br />
di S.Ch.<br />
ROMA. Un nuovo pericolo ln.<br />
combe sul tecnlcl Italiani ra.<br />
pltl dagll IndJpen<strong>de</strong>ntisti ira.<br />
chem: I bombardamentl <strong>de</strong>ll'a.<br />
vlaz10ne dJ Baghdad sui villag.<br />
gI curdJ che 1er! hanna provo.<br />
cato 11 mortl e 23 fer!tI gravI.<br />
I villaggl sltuaU nel cuore dJ<br />
Kurdistan sono IlaU bombar.<br />
dati anche dall' artIglleria che<br />
ha concentrato fi fuoco su1le<br />
zone mena accesslbill <strong>de</strong>lla zo.<br />
na dJ Kirkuk.<br />
Nelle acque <strong>de</strong>l Golla <strong>de</strong>ll'O.<br />
man è Intanto Inlzlala, con<br />
grandJsslmo r!tardo, l'opera<br />
<strong>de</strong>l due cacclamlne Itallarù<br />
«MIIuzo» e «Sapr!». Alle due<br />
unltà sI dovrebbe agglungere<br />
«n<strong>et</strong> prosslmllglomb, n .•Vle.<br />
. ste» ferma a Muscat con la na.<br />
ve appogglo «Anteo». Questa<br />
prolungala sosla <strong>de</strong>lla nOHtra<br />
unltà sarebbe dovula alla ve.<br />
rlflca dl una serIe dJ avarie e<br />
èI probleml dovutl aII'eccessl.<br />
va r1scaldamento <strong>de</strong>I motore.<br />
Probleml che sembrano aff11g.<br />
gere un pO tutti I nostrI cac.<br />
clamlne 1 quail dJspongono dl<br />
un solo motore e sono qulndl<br />
molto vulnerabUl ad agni tlpo<br />
dJ avaria. A questa proposita<br />
sembra che la lista dl teenIcI<br />
I~larù InvlaU nel Golfo per Ja.<br />
var! dl r!parazlone aile nOHtre<br />
unltà sI sla 1er! u1ter!ormente<br />
allungala con la partenza da<br />
Flumlclno dl un altro gruppo<br />
dl espertl provenlentl da una<br />
socl<strong>et</strong>à romana costruttrlce dJ<br />
slsteml el<strong>et</strong>tronlcl.<br />
1 due cacclamlne ItalianI<br />
«MIlazzo» e «Saprl», entratlle.<br />
ri In azlone hanna Inlzla to ad<br />
operare al largo <strong>de</strong>lle coste <strong>de</strong>.<br />
gll EmiraU che Imm<strong>et</strong>tono nel.<br />
10 str<strong>et</strong>to dl Hormuz. SI tratta<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla stessa zona dove glà so.<br />
no In uione I cacclamlne fran .<br />
cesl e Inglesl e dove glunge.<br />
ranno nelle prosslme s<strong>et</strong>tlma.<br />
roe le UlÙtà belghe e alan<strong>de</strong>si.<br />
Un bracclo dJ mare una valla<br />
assai tratficato, dove due me.<br />
GOLFO<br />
Bombe <strong>de</strong>ll'Iraq<br />
sui villaggi<br />
tenuti dai curdi<br />
L'av1azione e l'artiglleria iraehene hanno bombar.<br />
data iertla zona <strong>de</strong>l Kurdistan dove sono presumibllmente<br />
trattenutii tre tecniei italiani rapltl. In.<br />
tanta due nostri eaeeiamine hanno finalmente ini.<br />
ziato a cereare mine nel Golfo.<br />
si fa una mina colpl, danneg.<br />
glandola, la p<strong>et</strong>rollera «Carr!.<br />
bean Texaco». In segulto a<br />
quell'allacco I Lloyd's hanna<br />
peril Incluso I porti dl quesla<br />
zona tra le zone «a ris chIo dl<br />
guerra» splngendo Ie navl In<br />
transita a fermarsi molto più<br />
sud, a Mina Qabous, porto <strong>de</strong>i.<br />
l'Oman. Sembra quindJ confer.<br />
mata l'ip<strong>et</strong>esl che I cacclaml.<br />
ne ItalIani contlnueranno a<br />
cere are eventua11 mine al dl<br />
fuorl <strong>de</strong>i Goito e non pren<strong>de</strong>.<br />
ranno parte aile operulonl dl<br />
scoria <strong>de</strong>l convogll. L'eventua.<br />
Ie lara parteclpazlone InfalU,<br />
a causa <strong>de</strong>lla bassa velocltà,<br />
costrlngerebbe sla I mercanUll<br />
che le fregate a proce<strong>de</strong>re a<br />
passo d'uomo. Anche nel pros.<br />
sim! convogll, come quello che<br />
dovrebbe partlre fi III ottobre<br />
per accompagnare la «Merza.<br />
rio Ilalla» potremo qulndl ave.<br />
re il Ilngolare sp<strong>et</strong>lacolo dl<br />
una pertacolnlalner che apre<br />
la strada, che scorta, le nastre<br />
navl mßltarl. ÀIIcora Incerta<br />
1&sttuazlonll! <strong>de</strong>lle na Vi Ita1Ia.<br />
ne che dovrebbero far rolla al.<br />
la valla <strong>de</strong>I portllranlarù, a comlnclare<br />
dalla p<strong>et</strong>rollera cAm.<br />
bronla» <strong>de</strong>lla Cpmpagnla dJ<br />
.Navlgazlone Alta llalla».<br />
Quest'ultima è ancora ferma<br />
nel porto dJ MIna al FahaJ nel.<br />
l'Oman ln attesa dJ conoscere,<br />
dal tra<strong>de</strong>r che l'ha nolegglala<br />
la sua <strong>de</strong>sllnazlone. Nel caso<br />
la gran<strong>de</strong> unltà Italiana dl<br />
250.000 tonnellate si dlrlgesse,<br />
come spesso In passato, verso<br />
il terminale p<strong>et</strong>rolifero tranla.<br />
no dl Larak Island polrebbe<br />
comunque, seconda quanta sI<br />
sostlene negll amblentl <strong>de</strong>lla<br />
marina, non avere alcuna<br />
scoria mUitare. Cio «vIsta Il<br />
tragltto, dJ poche mlglla, In ac.<br />
que Internulonall». In realtà<br />
sembra proprio che a causa<br />
<strong>de</strong>l carattere tutto «politico»<br />
ed escluslvamente anti.<br />
iranlano <strong>de</strong>lle operulonl dl<br />
scorta nel Goito, le nastre au.<br />
lorltà non avessero per nulla<br />
pensalo alla «protezlone» <strong>de</strong>l.<br />
le navlltallane In navlgazlone<br />
verso l'Iran. Incertezza anche<br />
su un allra nave ltallana la<br />
«Serafino FerruzzI», candida.<br />
la ad un prossima v1agglo nel<br />
Goito.<br />
Secondo quanto dJchla.<br />
rata alla slampa da Giorgio<br />
Cerbonl, dlr<strong>et</strong>tore generale<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla «Fermai'», socl<strong>et</strong>à marlt.<br />
tlma <strong>de</strong>i gruppo Ferruzzi, la<br />
nave sarebbe In rolla verso fi<br />
PakIstan. Secondo la marina<br />
italIana Invece la nave Il lro.<br />
verebbe nel porto lranlano dl<br />
Kharg Baharg.
• • il manifesto servi7io<br />
Ostaggi inpericolc<br />
'-=-.:<br />
~~J>'"<br />
Baghdad. Le maeerie <strong>de</strong>lla seuola elementare bombardata dagli iraniani lAp)<br />
INTERVISTA<br />
I curdi <strong>de</strong>ll'Upk:<br />
"Ciav<strong>et</strong>edimenticato.<br />
Non siamo terroristr'<br />
di Laura Schra<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Abblamo raggiunto telefonlca.<br />
ménte a Parigi Ahmllll Barner.<br />
ni, uno <strong>de</strong>l rappresentant! <strong>de</strong>l.<br />
l'Unlone patrlott!ca <strong>de</strong>l Kurdl.<br />
stan In Europa. L'Upk, fonda.<br />
ta nel '75 subito dopo la scan.<br />
fltta <strong>de</strong>lla rlvolta dl Barzanl,<br />
ha una base pollt!ca formata<br />
da due component!: una<br />
marxista.lenlnlsta, l'altra so.<br />
clallsta rlvoluzlonarla. In plù<br />
c'è un bracclo armato forte dl<br />
mlgllala di peah merga, 1partlglan1<br />
<strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan, mllltar.<br />
mente organlzzatl.<br />
«Non abblamo nulla contro<br />
l'Italla In partlcolare - dice<br />
Bamèrni - abblamo preso 10-<br />
ro come potevamo pren<strong>de</strong>re,<br />
che sa, <strong>de</strong>i giapponesl. Con<br />
questi arrest!, vogliamo prote.<br />
stare contra Il sUenzio <strong>de</strong>l cosldd<strong>et</strong>to<br />
monda libero nel con.<br />
front! <strong>de</strong>gll attacchl con arml<br />
chlmlche <strong>de</strong>l regime lracheno<br />
contro la popolazlone curda. Ai<br />
nos tri rtp<strong>et</strong>utt appelli nel perlodo<br />
<strong>de</strong>l bombardament!, dal<br />
15 aprile al18 s<strong>et</strong>tembre, é sta.<br />
ta opposta la più assoluta ln.<br />
dlfferenza. E U primo arresto<br />
é avvenuto U 19 s<strong>et</strong>tembre.<br />
InoUre, vogllama dimastrare<br />
che l'area Ilberata <strong>de</strong>i Kurdi.<br />
stan va rtsp<strong>et</strong>tata: abbiamo le<br />
nostre leggi, come tutti gll al.<br />
tri paesl. 8enza la nostra au.<br />
torizzaztone gll stranlerl non<br />
possono entrare e 11governo<br />
iracheno sul nastro terrltorio,<br />
non è ln grado dl garantire né<br />
la slcurezza <strong>de</strong>gll stranlerl né<br />
quella <strong>de</strong>i suol funzlonari».<br />
Quall 80110 le condlzIonl <strong>de</strong>.<br />
gll arresCaU!<br />
Non sana prlgionlerl, vivona<br />
con nol, e come nol nel Kurdl.<br />
stan IIberato. Verso di loro,<br />
non c'é odlo 0 risentlmento. E<br />
l'Upk non é un movlmento<br />
«terror1sta». per usare una vastra<br />
espresslone. E' un'organlzzazlone<br />
dl reslstenza, con<br />
un'armata dl dleclmlla maquisn<br />
rds che controlla Il terrIta.<br />
rio con l'appogglo <strong>de</strong>lla popo.<br />
lazlone: non solo le campagne<br />
ma anche le vie dl comunlcazione<br />
e le grandi clttà. Dalle<br />
due <strong>de</strong>i pomerlgglo non possorootransltare<br />
né funzlonari nè<br />
soldati Iracheni.<br />
E il comunlcato arrtvato da<br />
Beirut?<br />
Non abbiamo nessun campa.<br />
gno a Beirut, e Il nostro rap.<br />
presentante a Damasco non ne<br />
sapeva nulla. Dublto molto dl<br />
Guesto messagglo Ilbanese.<br />
Chi conduce Ie tratt&Uve e<br />
COD quall richieste!<br />
Flnora, abblamo trattato Indi.<br />
r<strong>et</strong>tamente eon 11governo Ita.<br />
llano. Chledlamo cessill sUen.<br />
zia sul massacri <strong>de</strong>lla nostra<br />
popolazlone, compluti ult!mamente<br />
anche con arml chimi.<br />
che, e U sllenzlo sulla comple.<br />
ta distruzlone dl tutti j vlllag.<br />
gl curdl rasi al suolo dal regi.<br />
me iracheno. Abbiamo ml.<br />
gllala dl rHuglaU, ferltl,<br />
senzat<strong>et</strong>to.<br />
Vogllama Inoltre che si sap.<br />
pla una casa: è falso affermare<br />
ehe In Iraq le socl<strong>et</strong>à straniere<br />
lavorano per 10 svUuppo<br />
<strong>de</strong>l paese. Dagll Inlzl <strong>de</strong>lIa<br />
guerra con l'Iran, 11regime dl<br />
8addam Hussein ha bloccato<br />
tali attivllà 0 le ha convertlte<br />
in produzioni belllche. Ogglle<br />
soci<strong>et</strong>à stranlere present! in<br />
1rnq la varano solo per la guer.<br />
ra. lnflne. vogllama si sappla<br />
che le armi Importate dall'Iraq<br />
servono anche contra la<br />
nostra popolazlone. 8ervono<br />
per distruggere Il nostra<br />
paese.<br />
Il Kurdistan conduce da<br />
tempo una latta sanguin osa In<br />
difesa <strong>de</strong>ll'I<strong>de</strong>ntllà nazi anale e<br />
<strong>de</strong>lIa stessa sopra vvivenza fl.<br />
sica <strong>de</strong>lla popolazione. 8enza<br />
questa lotta, nulla di noi ri.<br />
marrebbe.<br />
A quale IIvello 51 s\'olge at.<br />
tualmente la cooperazione<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'.Vpb con l'Iran!<br />
Abbiamo un obleWvo In cornu.<br />
ne, U rovese1amento <strong>de</strong>i regl.<br />
me tracheno. Qulndi, nessuna<br />
concessione sul plano politico<br />
e nessuna afflnltà I<strong>de</strong>ologlca,<br />
ma una collaborazlone millta.<br />
reo<br />
L'operuione In corso è sca.<br />
ta I<strong>de</strong>aCa ed è «eauCa esclu.<br />
slvamente dall'Vpk!<br />
Certamente, Jalal Talabanl, Il<br />
segr<strong>et</strong>arlo generale e tutti gll<br />
esponentl <strong>de</strong>lI'Upk si trovano<br />
In Kurdistan ed operano nel.<br />
l'escluslvo Interesse <strong>de</strong>i popo.<br />
la curdo, ln plena autonomla.<br />
senza alcuna Influenza<br />
esterno .<br />
PECHINO. Il govemo clnese<br />
ha <strong>de</strong>clso dl amm<strong>et</strong>tere ln Tl.<br />
b<strong>et</strong> solo I turlstl provvlsti dl<br />
permesso speciale e quelIi che<br />
avevano programmata Il lara<br />
\'lal:glo da malta tempo. «La<br />
<strong>de</strong>clslone - ha rlferlto un por.<br />
tavoce <strong>de</strong>lla regione autonoma<br />
ha valare temporaneo».
•<br />
~~ ~16.10.1987<br />
Versioni e richieste 'contrastanti,<br />
Gli italiahi prigionieri di due diversi gruppi?<br />
TI rompicapo <strong>de</strong>i curdi<br />
.n rappresentanie a Londra <strong>de</strong>ll'Uniorœ' ContraddittorÎe dichiarazioni: seœndo<br />
. patriottica rive/a: «Stamw insieme la Farnesina lWn SOlWin corso contatti<br />
ma i rapimenti SOlWStati am iguerrigli£ri.wlWstra amhasciaJ.a<br />
eseguiti da organizzazioni al/RateJ) a Bagdad Ii aœoo ùweœ confermati .<br />
dl Rlcc;:ardo<br />
Malfey<br />
LOl\'DRA. Roberto Diotallevi<br />
e Giuseppe Carrara sono sta.<br />
ti rapiti dall'Unione patriotti.<br />
ca <strong>de</strong>I Kurdistan, ma il sequestro<br />
di Giacomo Comin<strong>et</strong>ti<br />
-avvenuto diciotto giorni<br />
prima, il14 s<strong>et</strong>tembre scOrso<br />
- è opera di una organizzazione<br />
fiancheggiatrice. Alla<br />
diversa matrice, oltreche al<br />
mutato scenario pOlitico (il 2 .<br />
Qttobre la presenza italiana<br />
nel Golfo era ormai una real.<br />
tà), si <strong>de</strong>ve la diversità di con.<br />
dizioni per il rilascio: mas.<br />
chere antigas e emittente radio<br />
per Comin<strong>et</strong>ti, il richia.<br />
mo <strong>de</strong>lle navi per gli altri<br />
due.<br />
Ecco, in sintesi, quanto ci<br />
ha d<strong>et</strong>to il rappresentante al<br />
Londra <strong>de</strong>ll'Unione, Omar<br />
Mustafa, soprannominato De<br />
Baba in omaggio alla sua for.<br />
za (in curdo il termine sÏgni.<br />
fica infatti «carro»). Mustafa,<br />
dopn nn ennesima contatto<br />
con la
• • CORRIERRE DELLA SERA 16.10.1987<br />
Teheran spara suI Kuwait ma <strong>de</strong> Cuellar ci riprova<br />
Inteitri~tâa1 curdo Barzani: «Vi Lr,"~","~~~~~ ~v'v'{~rtiti»<br />
La guerra nel Golfo 51<br />
es ten<strong>de</strong>. Un missile -Silkworm-<br />
è stato lanclato da-<br />
cerà a negozlare una data<br />
per il cessate il fuoco neUa<br />
guerra Iran-Irak_ n nuovo<br />
con tro una pe-<br />
importante svlluppo si è<br />
avuto dopa una rlunione,<br />
sotto la presl<strong>de</strong>nza ltaliana,<br />
<strong>de</strong>i Consiglio di sleurezza.<br />
n segr<strong>et</strong>arlo <strong>de</strong>U'Onu<br />
ha già stabilita un contatto<br />
con I rappresentanti <strong>de</strong>i<br />
due PaesÎ.<br />
gU Iranian!<br />
troliera americana, la<br />
-Sungarl-, che stava compl<strong>et</strong>ando<br />
11 rifornimento<br />
!lccanto ad =a piattaforma<br />
dIStante 9 rmglia dal<br />
terminale kuwaltlano di<br />
. MIna Al Ahma •.li. Si tratta<br />
dl un attacco mirato in<br />
quanto è prabablle che gli<br />
Iranlanl volessero colplre<br />
una <strong>de</strong>lle p<strong>et</strong>roliere kuwaltlane<br />
con bandiera USA<br />
che 51 trovavano poco dlstanti.<br />
L'attacco ha avuto una<br />
. inunedlata eeo nep;li Stati<br />
Unitl dove 10 stesso Rea-<br />
. gan non ha escluso rappresaglie.<br />
GII lracheni hanna,<br />
_da parte lara, colpito tre<br />
grossi obl<strong>et</strong>tlvo navali al<br />
largo dl Kharg. ..<br />
\ Le notlzle di guerra non<br />
Jermano<br />
-(11 pace.<br />
tuttavia gli sforz!<br />
n segr<strong>et</strong>arlo <strong>de</strong>!-<br />
. l'Onu <strong>de</strong> Cuellar ha ricevuto<br />
.nuove istruzloni - dal<br />
COnsiglio dl slcurezza ed<br />
ha comunicato che cornin-<br />
Oltre ad essere impegnata<br />
sul fronte Onu la nostra<br />
dlplomazia è al la vara per<br />
rlsolvere il drarnma <strong>de</strong>i tre<br />
ostaggt rapltl dal curd!.<br />
Bagdad Invita l'Italla a<br />
non fare concession!, il nostra<br />
ambasciatore in Irak<br />
afferma che vi sono contat-.<br />
ti e che la sltuazlone -è<br />
diventata quasi dlsperatae<br />
la Famesina esplora le<br />
stra<strong>de</strong> ehe possano portare<br />
alla lIberazlone <strong>de</strong>i tecnic!.<br />
A pagina 4 MaurizioCaprara,<br />
Ranzo Cianfanelli<br />
e Antonio Ferrari<br />
r-----------------------., I Barzan! ha raccolta il ves-<br />
-Avevamo avverUto le soct<strong>et</strong>à<br />
italJane ma nessuno cl<br />
str<strong>et</strong>ti legarn1 tra l'esploslva'<br />
crlsl neUa reglonê e la latta<br />
ha ascoltato-. Massud Barzan!,<br />
<strong>de</strong>l suo popola. _La guerra<br />
U capo <strong>de</strong>i movimenta Iran-Irak aJfonda le sue art.<br />
curdo,<br />
nostro<br />
In una lntervista al<br />
gtornale, rlafCerma<br />
g1nI proprio neUa questlone<br />
curda- ha cUchlarato il lea.<br />
che l'lmpegno dl tecnlcl e <strong>de</strong>r che ha negato che ci sla<br />
maestranze<br />
è consl<strong>de</strong>atl<br />
stranJert ln Irak<br />
da! suo popolo<br />
una mana stranJera cU<strong>et</strong>ro Ie<br />
azloni <strong>de</strong>Ua reslstenza: -Slama<br />
autonoml e Indlpen-<br />
un atta cUcoUaborazlone con<br />
-un regime fasclsta e dlttatarta!e-.<br />
<strong>de</strong>ntl •.<br />
n capo <strong>de</strong>l Pdc, lnIine, aC<strong>de</strong>ntl<br />
-GII opera! occl<strong>de</strong>ntali - rre la sua coilaborazlone nel..<br />
sostengono I curcU - sana la trattatlva tra il governo<br />
nel mirino <strong>de</strong>i nostri peshmerga-l'Unlone<br />
patriottica curda<br />
Italiano e I guemglleri <strong>de</strong>l-<br />
che hanna sequestrato I nostri<br />
connazlonall. _Posslamo<br />
alutarvl a Carearr1vare la va.<br />
stra voce ma non posslamo<br />
garantIre<br />
zlone- .<br />
per la lara Iibera.<br />
Inchiesta à Riml'nl' su un traffico d'arml- sillo lndlpen<strong>de</strong>ntlsta lasclatogll<br />
da! padre, 11 ramoso<br />
Cinque arresti, 12 comunicazioni giudiziarie ~~~~ee f~~~~~eOlld~J~<br />
Un'Indac-ine su un traftico dl annl avvlata dalla reslstenza (il Pdc).<br />
macistratura dl Rimini ba portato aU'arresto dl cinque nlea<strong>de</strong>r curdo agglunge,<br />
persone e all'emlsslone dl dodlcl comunlculonl cludl- qulncU, che l'Italla <strong>de</strong>ve ritlziarle.<br />
Una sesta persona ~ atUvamente rlcercata. Fra rare la Datta da! Golfo e <strong>de</strong>ve<br />
cenerale <strong>de</strong>lla Misar di Casteoedolo (Brescia) sod<strong>et</strong>Al tare all'Irak. n messagglo Accordo Cobas<br />
A pagina 4 Guido Olimpio<br />
ellarrestatl ncura Giovanni Facchln<strong>et</strong>U, dir<strong>et</strong>tore cessare agni assIstenza mI1l- I r---------- ......<br />
controllata dalla Gilardini (Cruppo Flat)..<br />
che amva dalle lmpervle fe-<br />
L'accusa ~ di traftico di arroi con Paesl sottoposU ad gloni <strong>de</strong>i Curdlstan è chiara: 'd ti<br />
embarro e costltuzione di capitall all'estero. Un porta- non appogglate Il plana sm aca : SOSpesO<br />
voce <strong>de</strong>lla Flat ba sostenuto che nessuna operulone americano per UGolfo e non 10 scl'opero <strong>de</strong>l' tremcommerciale<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla Mlsar ~ mal stata elT<strong>et</strong>tuata in fate gU lnteress1 cUSaddam<br />
vlolazione <strong>de</strong>lle nonne vice nU. A pagina 8 Hussein. . A pagina 9<br />
Per Barzan!, pol, eslstano<br />
. ,<br />
Ronla: nessun partito 'sembra contrario<br />
a trattare per gIi ostaggi in. manQ ai curdi<br />
ROMA - L'avvlSo ha l'asp<strong>et</strong>to<br />
dl un ultimatum:<br />
nlenLe concessIOn! ln cam.<br />
bio <strong>de</strong>gl1 ostaggl. Mentre a<br />
Roma tra le forze politlche<br />
non eslstano tlnora segnal1<br />
eon.slstenti <strong>de</strong>lla nascita cU<br />
un -partita <strong>de</strong>lla Cermezza_<br />
contrario ad agni genere cU<br />
trattatlva, e anza notiZle provelllenti<br />
da Bagdad indic a-<br />
no che Ucana!e di comunlca-<br />
Zlone con 1 sequestratart <strong>de</strong>l<br />
tre tecruci sarebbe stata trovata,<br />
l'avvertlffienta è stata<br />
indll'lzzata al governo itallano<br />
daU'ambasclatore ira.<br />
keno.<br />
-NOl ci asp<strong>et</strong>tlamo - ha<br />
d<strong>et</strong>ta il diplomat!co - che<br />
l'Italia non ceda a! ricatto di<br />
un gruppo di terrorist! agent!<br />
<strong>de</strong>ll'Iran-. E' lmpos.;lblle<br />
sa pere quanta le alfermazloni<br />
pubbliche cOrrlspondano<br />
ai comportamentl tenutl<br />
.cU<strong>et</strong>role quinte, tuttavla l'Ir.<br />
rigidimenta <strong>de</strong>i governo di<br />
Saddam Hussein è coinclso<br />
con una pioggla cUelementi<br />
che aggravano le condlzlonl<br />
<strong>de</strong>U'intero problema.<br />
Dopo U chiasso Catta suUa<br />
stampa, l'unica cosa certa è<br />
che ara da trattabile che era,<br />
la situazlone è divenuta qua.<br />
si dJsperata., ha dichlarato<br />
aU'agenzla -Adn-Kronos- il<br />
nostra ambasclatore a Bagdad<br />
pur amm<strong>et</strong>tendo che è<br />
ln corso un negozlata segre-<br />
.to. La verslone non ha avuta<br />
conferme daUa Farnesina<br />
cbe anche evltando una<br />
smentlta cUr<strong>et</strong>ta e rormale<br />
non l'ha avvalorata: contattl<br />
glà stabilltl -non r1sultano •.<br />
All'aUarme <strong>de</strong>U'ambasclatore<br />
Toscano si agglungono<br />
comunque a!tr1 Cattort non<br />
lrrilevantl. L'Ansa!do,' contra<br />
la qua!e Democrazla pro.<br />
l<strong>et</strong>arla protesta da glomi attlnché<br />
I generatari di vapore<br />
per impiantl nu<strong>de</strong>ari che sono<br />
statl commlsslonatl aU'azienda<br />
npn ragglungano 1'1.<br />
ran, ha acqui4lto la maggloranza<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla Gle,.:ossia <strong>de</strong>Ua ,Oernum1~.le.~onl,natu. ~~-Wln q\lelGa ploala dl ver<br />
una tappa 4e1'inp.terlale ln 'dall"~nlonellatr\otUca'<br />
socl<strong>et</strong>à dl cul sono dlpen.<br />
,rahnente contrapposte' <strong>de</strong>gU .aloni contraddlttar\e che' si<br />
<strong>de</strong>ntl gU ostaggl Giuseppe<br />
emlssari dl Saddam Hussein sono lnser!te le affermazion!<br />
Carrara e Roberto Diatallev!.<br />
e dl quelll.,<strong>de</strong>ll'ayatollah <strong>de</strong>I cUplQmatico lraIteno ac.<br />
RuoUab Khomeln!. Le sole cred1tata pressa il Qulrmale:<br />
-Giovanni Oorta - sottollnea<br />
Marlo Capanna - non<br />
puO tacere sull'argomenta_,<br />
Ma c'è cU plù.<br />
La p3lltenza .<strong>de</strong>l generatart<br />
lncontra altre aU'opposlzlo'<br />
.ne cUOp I parert negat!vi cU<br />
parlamentarl <strong>de</strong>Ua maggioranza:<br />
I soclal<strong>de</strong>mocratlcl<br />
hanno concordato con I Ver.<br />
cUla bozza cUuna rIsoluzione<br />
da presentare alla Camera<br />
per bloccare la consegna. E<br />
la s<strong>et</strong>tlmana prossima,<br />
quando se 'ne discuterà a<br />
Montecltor!o, potrebbe venl.<br />
re a Roma 11 vlcem1n1stro co Italiano a Parigl avrebbe<br />
<strong>de</strong>gll Estert <strong>de</strong>Ua Repubbll. contattata il gruppo che ha<br />
ca Islarn1ca, Mohamed Lori- catturata I tre, ma aUa Far.<br />
Jani, che ha r.h1esto un collo- neslna dlcono che ciO .non<br />
quiO con Giulio Andreotti. rlsulta-. Un portavoce <strong>de</strong>i<br />
Nanostante l'Incontro sla curdi da Vienna ha d<strong>et</strong>ta che<br />
stata soUecltato in quanta la Cormazlone vlene chlamal'ItalJa<br />
ha la presi<strong>de</strong>nza di ta talvolta .Unlone lUtZIonaturno<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Consiglio dl slcu- Ie- per un errore cUtraduzlorezza<br />
<strong>de</strong>U'Onu, tutti questl lie daU'arabo (cosl era stata<br />
argomenU sembrano <strong>de</strong>stl- <strong>de</strong>llnlta lnIzla!mente la fornati<br />
ad essere ogg<strong>et</strong>ta <strong>de</strong>i mazlone che hA riv~ndl~alo I<br />
confronta non Cacllesolleci- raplmentl a Beirut). L'"mtlatata<br />
da Teheran.<br />
scia tore T(Js~a.'" tu. r1~J.I'.lsto<br />
Le mcognlte sw teenlei se- all' -Adn-Kronos- dl non dl.<br />
questrau. I generatori che gli sparre <strong>de</strong>Ue certezza che 1'1<br />
Iranianl ott.errebbero dopa tecnlcl Jlano staU catturaU<br />
splnte a favore <strong>de</strong>U'ottlml. .1 guerriglleri curcUche ban.<br />
smo, 1er!,sono comparse nel. no raplto I tre - ha accusata<br />
la relativa morbi<strong>de</strong>zza <strong>de</strong>i l'amba~clatare Mohammed<br />
numeroslsslml .portavoce Bald a! Saba! - sono mana<strong>de</strong>U'_Unlone<br />
patrlottlca <strong>de</strong>l vratl a! centa per cento dal.<br />
Curd1stan-. Comln<strong>et</strong>ti 010- l'Iran, dl cul sono la 'Quinta<br />
talJevl e Carrara, seconda il colonna' -.<br />
segr<strong>et</strong>arlo <strong>de</strong>lla sezlone dl n rappresentante cU Bag.<br />
Londra. sarebbero -ospIU-: dad ha aJJermata cUaver glà<br />
.In nessun casa ucci<strong>de</strong>remo .Catto presente- cUasp<strong>et</strong>tar.<br />
gU ostaggl 0 faremo lara '<strong>de</strong>I si -che l'Itaila non ceda a!<br />
male. Tuttavla non U lasce- ricatta-. PreswnlbUmente 11<br />
remo liberi lino a quando il conc<strong>et</strong>to è stata espresso<br />
governo non ßI sarà Impe. martedl scorso, quando 11dl.<br />
gnata a rlt\rafe le navi- m. plomatico è stata r!cevuta al<br />
viate nel Golfo,<br />
m1nlstero <strong>de</strong>gll Ester\.<br />
Un conslgbere diplomati. Maurizio Caprara<br />
57
• ..<br />
la<br />
16.10.1987<br />
'ïn nessun caso faremo /oro <strong>de</strong>i male': dicono i rappresentanti <strong>de</strong>i ribelli<br />
Icordi: "GU ostaggi stanno bene"<br />
da! nostro corrispon<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
PAOLO FllO DELLA TORRE<br />
LONDRA - Aitre tecnici italiani<br />
rapiti dai curdi in Iraq non<br />
verrà fatto alcun male, nemmeno<br />
se ilgovemo italiano non acc<strong>et</strong>tasse<br />
le condizioni per illoro<br />
rilascio. Lo ha assicurato ieri<br />
Omar De Babe, portavoce <strong>de</strong>ll'<br />
..Unione patriottica <strong>de</strong>l Kurdistan»<br />
(Puk) che ha rivendicato il<br />
rapimento.<br />
«Non abbiamo nulia contro i<br />
tre italiani - ha affermato De<br />
Babe - essi sQno nostri ospiti, e<br />
non Iiconsi<strong>de</strong>riamo nernici. La<br />
condizione perchè vengano Iiberati<br />
è che.le navi <strong>de</strong>lla marina<br />
italiana ven~ano ritirate dal<br />
Golfo e che I Italia non prenda<br />
parte all'aggressione<strong>de</strong>gli Stati<br />
Uniti contro l'Iran».<br />
..ln nessun caso - ha aggiunto<br />
- ucci<strong>de</strong>remmo gli ostaggi 0<br />
faremmo loro <strong>de</strong>~ale. Tuttavia<br />
non Ii lasceremo liberi fino a<br />
quando il loro govemo non si<br />
sarà impegnato a ritirare le<br />
navi». Secondo De Babe, che ri-<br />
ceve ogni s<strong>et</strong>te ~iomi notizie sugli<br />
spostamentl <strong>de</strong>gli ostaggi, i<br />
tre tecnici si trovano in un villaggio<br />
presso Suleimaniya, nel<br />
Kurdistan iracheno. In caso di<br />
accordo, sarebbero probabilmente<br />
condotti in Iran e consegnati<br />
ad un'organizzazione u-<br />
manitaria intemazionale, come<br />
la Croce rossa.<br />
..Sinceramente non credo che<br />
gli osta~gi italiani siano in pericolo»<br />
CI conferma lord Kilbrackef\,<br />
il leggendario presi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
<strong>de</strong>I gruppo parlamentare per l' .<br />
amicizia anglo-curda. John Kilbracken,<br />
che ha combattuto con<br />
i ..ribelli» sia contro le truppe<br />
<strong>de</strong>llosciàdi Persia che contro gli<br />
iracheni più volte negli ultimi<br />
venti anni, è in contatto con gli<br />
esponenti <strong>de</strong>i «Nationalist Kurdistan<br />
<strong>de</strong>mocratic movement»<br />
(che hanno inclinazioni feudali,<br />
mantellgono illoro quartier generale<br />
nel nord <strong>de</strong>ll'Iran e sono<br />
guidati da Massaud Barzani, figlio<br />
<strong>de</strong>l famoso generale) e con l'<br />
Unione patriottica, che si trova<br />
nel sud e partecipa con 20 mila<br />
uomini alla guerra a fianco <strong>de</strong>li'<br />
Iran nelle zone più impervie <strong>de</strong>llaregione<br />
.<br />
..I curdi <strong>de</strong>li'Unione patriottica<br />
di Jabal Talabani dispongono<br />
di 20 mila uomini» ci dice ilparlamentare<br />
laburista britannico<br />
che aggiunge: ..Illoro appoggio<br />
militare agli ayatollah è molto<br />
importante, ma ancora più importante<br />
peri curdi èl'approvvigionamentodi<br />
viveriedarmi che<br />
viene loro dato dall' Iran. Il rapimento<br />
<strong>de</strong>gli itallani <strong>de</strong>ve essere<br />
statoordinato da Teheran, come<br />
pure <strong>de</strong>ve essere stato ordinato<br />
loro di invitare l'Italia a richiamare<br />
Ie sue navi dal Golfo. In<br />
realtà i curdi hanno tutto l'interesse<br />
che la ~erra Iran-Iraq<br />
continui. Quando Bagdad e Teheran<br />
sono in pace si <strong>de</strong>dicano<br />
insieme al massacro di questa<br />
fiera gente che aspira alla autonomia<br />
<strong>de</strong>lia propria nazione».<br />
KiIbracken dice: clcurdi sono<br />
una nazione di valorosi guerrieri<br />
che combattono per la loro indipen<strong>de</strong>nza.<br />
Sono molto umani,<br />
d<strong>et</strong>estano la cru<strong>de</strong>ltà. Uccidonp<br />
soltanto in combattimento. E<br />
vero che ci sono stati in Turchia<br />
episodi di terrorismo di alcuni<br />
gruppi che combattono per il<br />
Kurdistan libero, ma non Ilanno<br />
nulla a che fare con l'Alleanza<br />
<strong>de</strong>l movimento patriottico curdo<br />
insieme alla Unione <strong>de</strong>mocratica,<br />
che sono coinvolti nel<br />
rapimento <strong>de</strong>i tre tecnici italiani<br />
da loro d<strong>et</strong>enuti prigionieri.<br />
Questi, secondo le mie informazioni,<br />
sono stati trasferiti nel<br />
quartier generale <strong>de</strong>ll'Unione<br />
patriottica situato a una cinquantina<br />
di chilom<strong>et</strong>ri da Kirkuk<br />
nella montagna di Suleimaniya.<br />
II nascondiglio è nella gola<br />
<strong>de</strong>lla montagna ed è prot<strong>et</strong>to da<br />
missili terra-aria fomiti dagli i-<br />
raniani».<br />
58
• •<br />
2.10.87<br />
sovy<strong>et</strong> SlIahll Kuw<strong>et</strong>ler gaz<strong>et</strong>esl,<br />
"KIzil YlldlZ'da yaymlanan<br />
"TÜrklye'yl Kim ve Ne<br />
reMit Edlyor?" ba~llkll ha.<br />
ber yorumda, rürk Ordusu'<br />
nun mo<strong>de</strong>mlzasyon progra.<br />
ml ve DOaU Anadolu'da bazI<br />
havaalanlannln yeni<strong>de</strong>n dü.<br />
zenlenmesln<strong>de</strong>n duyulan ra.<br />
t'!.~~,zp~ ~)!e, g<strong>et</strong>lrlldl ,<br />
NAT8t~:~~dOOU'~<br />
en<br />
~Olèlât.' Mu:~a'=-cr:~:<br />
nln 'blrlnelplst In$3atl ta.<br />
mam\,ndl. Iklnel plst,ln.<br />
$3atl •sOren havaalanl' as.<br />
kerl 'amaçlar dl$lnda sl'4i1<br />
amaçlarla kullanilablleeA<br />
~I _,~_i111f8r~~~'~~~ÀR~<br />
IV I!Y ANA'da b~layan "NA.<br />
TO fe VIIJOva pakt! iilkeJe..<br />
ria<strong>de</strong>ld konvan!lyoneJ lilahi~da<br />
ve kumtJer<strong>de</strong> karphkh Te<br />
<strong>de</strong>ngeU Indlrim" öngörj~melerin<strong>de</strong>,<br />
bütün Türkiye topraklaruun intIirim_<br />
kapsamma ahnmasl ¥erektigini sa-<br />
YUnan Sovy<strong>et</strong>ler Birligi, son günler<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
yayuùannda, Tük SilahIJ Kuvv<strong>et</strong>len'nin<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>mizasyonu programlanndan<br />
ve Dogu Anadolu' da<br />
b8Z1havaalanlannm yeni<strong>de</strong>n dÜLenlenmesin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
duydugu rahatS1Zhp<br />
yogun biçim<strong>de</strong> dile g<strong>et</strong>irmeye<br />
b8$ladl.<br />
Sovy<strong>et</strong> SilahIJ Kuvv<strong>et</strong>1eri'nin 6ilz<strong>et</strong>esi<br />
"Kw! YlIdlz"m 22 E)lûl tarihli<br />
saYlSlnda, A1bay V. Burllayn<br />
imzah. "Türklye'y1 k1m ve ne leb-<br />
_dit edlyor?" b8$hkh bir Y8Zlda,<br />
T~rk baslm, "tahrlkçl" Amerikan<br />
propagandasmm <strong>et</strong>kisiyle anu-<br />
Sovy<strong>et</strong> yaymlar yapmakla suçl~Jyor.<br />
Türkiye B8$lJakam Öza1 dahiI,<br />
"Türk U<strong>de</strong>rleri"nin <strong>de</strong> Sovy<strong>et</strong> Rus-<br />
.SlIahSlzlanma görüsmelerln<strong>de</strong> bütün Türklye topraklannln Indlrlm Itapsaml-<br />
I1ji"allnmaSI fçln'kamUOYU Olu~tun"aya çallsan SOvy<strong>et</strong>ler Blrllgl'rln blJ yön<strong>de</strong>kl-çabalaml1<br />
art\rdlQI 9.O.i:Ü$Ù •. MWa:C1a.güC _kaZ3n1VOr<br />
ya'dan gelen "tebdlt"ten söz <strong>et</strong>tikleri<br />
iddia edi1erelt, bu tulum sert bir mn yer a1dl8I belirtildikten sonra AsambJesi'nin Istanbul toplanllsm-<br />
zey<strong>de</strong>n tehdit sözünii <strong>et</strong>DIemÎJÛf. Bu<br />
Turkiye'ye yonelik :>Idugu iddiasl-<br />
Özal, 1986 Kaslm'mda NATO Asamblesi;n<strong>de</strong>ki Iton~di; kg.<br />
Jekil<strong>de</strong> t!e~tiriliyor.<br />
loyle <strong>de</strong>vam edili)or:<br />
d;1~; ~('\nlll:;rn'1tl"r'l Il''-,,,,.J'I\ ......... ('l''<br />
;~~;. tamamen yazann uydur.<br />
Sovy<strong>et</strong>ler'in Türkiye'<strong>de</strong>lti "Ameriku<br />
far\Jil"DI öne sürerek bu propaguda kampanyUIDID amICI, lerin Türkiye'ye daha fazla askeri • türlt Silab1t Kuvv<strong>et</strong>leri'nin<br />
"PeDlagoD'un bu uU-SOyye! leD lebdll"lcII SÖ%e<strong>de</strong>rek, müttefik-<br />
masldlr.<br />
yön<strong>de</strong> suç1amalan arordJgma i~<strong>et</strong> TiirlIlopnklanDdaId AmerikaD askeri<br />
flmÏlDl bakb göslermek ye istedi,<br />
lu bir operasyondur. Kaldl ki, tüm<br />
ve ekonomik yardlm yapmalanm mo<strong>de</strong>mizasyonu, olaian ve zorun-<br />
e<strong>de</strong>n Türk D'Jijleri Baltanl1j1 y<strong>et</strong>kilileri,<br />
1986'da NATO Asamblesi' bunu daba da artumakllr.<br />
Sovy<strong>et</strong> yazar, bu konuda ~öyle dünya ülkeieri, daha yeni ve <strong>et</strong>kiD<br />
nin !stanbul'dakj toplanusmda ItonUiln<br />
B8$baltan ÖzaI'ID, "kuuy-<br />
olu nokta, Ankara'DID lutumu-<br />
"Türkiye ve ABD'<strong>de</strong>ki (NA- Bunlar arasmda SSCB dahiI, Tür-<br />
Burada ,a$(rtlci ve caD slklc( diyor:<br />
silah ür<strong>et</strong>imin<strong>de</strong> yanJuiaktad1r.<br />
<strong>de</strong>n geleD lebcllt" ~ltlin<strong>de</strong> bir söz dur. 561 kODUIlI>o\merlku "Yafl- TO'cular), Soyy<strong>et</strong> tebdldllddlaslna<br />
lIilDarak, ABD'nlD Türk lop-<br />
maktad1r.<br />
'<br />
kiye'nin tüm kom~ulan yer al.<br />
sarf <strong>et</strong>medigini, bu ne<strong>de</strong>nle ywdaki<br />
iddianm dayanalts1z Ital. vur-<br />
fill dUnlmu kötül<strong>et</strong>mesia<strong>de</strong>n 10- rùlanDda yenl iislerin inpasI, niik-<br />
• Türlt SiIahh Kuvv<strong>et</strong>lcri, aaVIID-<br />
_là\ ~~èUc1f Blt\fllr ulu ......<br />
guladllar. Ozal'In oltuduiu Y8Zlh rumiu lutulmaktad1r, Aahuda bu, leer <strong>de</strong>polann mo<strong>de</strong>mizasyonu gibl<br />
elkinUkJer<strong>de</strong> bulunmak, Sovyel nnml.nm.Jttr. Bu ne<strong>de</strong>DIe mocIcmimaya<br />
yönelilt bir strateji içln<strong>de</strong> ko-<br />
m<strong>et</strong>indc <strong>de</strong> höyle bir SÖ%ungcçrDc, bayat Je pla koku propaganday.<br />
digi saptandl. Hültiim<strong>et</strong>e yakm çcvrelere<br />
göre, K1ZIIYlIdu'daki Y8Zl-<br />
bal<strong>de</strong>, Türldye'<strong>de</strong> bunn IIlIn alanlerioin<br />
durumu bakkl:;
• •<br />
........<br />
...,ebeke<br />
"Kürt il!icaCl~ar.u<br />
gon<strong>de</strong>r.vor .<br />
1.10.87<br />
Terefunan<br />
~ F",rlr;:ll ici!]leri Bakanhö'~;;z~ü~üßachmei- ~ Aralp,nnda Lufthansf]'nrn da bplllnduflll CI<br />
er, a~ustôs ay. sonuna kadar .3,.000 ki~ir.in uçak ~irk<strong>et</strong>ine kontrolsuz yolcu ta~lmaKne-<br />
Si~lnmaiste~in<strong>de</strong>bulundU~1Jnu, ancak, bun- <strong>de</strong>niyle a~lr para cezaSI kesildi.Y<strong>et</strong>kililer iltilann<br />
yüz<strong>de</strong> 5'ine oturma izni verildigini açlk- caCI say.slnln 1981'<strong>de</strong> 60 bine ula~aca~lnr<br />
ladr .. belirtti .<br />
BONN(Tfm:Oman)-Fe<strong>de</strong>r~1 2839 ki~inln Frankfurt'a vi- 5O'lIk blr d~ kay<strong>de</strong>dildilçil?leri<br />
Bakanlf!jl sö~cu-: zesjz olar8k glrdiQinl bildire- Qi belirtllan liÇIklamada, bu-<br />
slOlIlma Ialebln<strong>de</strong> bulunanl~<br />
nn çoCunluOunu TQrldye'<strong>de</strong>rr<br />
sü RolSlM Bachmeier; rek,. "Bunlann --dayOz<strong>de</strong> na ne<strong>de</strong>n.olarak'Cla, Do!ju<br />
geltin kOrtIer t8$kll edlyor ve<br />
aOustos aYI sonuna kadar 13'QnOn-.l\lmanHava Yollan Almsnya île Y8pllan anl8l?-<br />
Iiunlar Porteklz ve Ispanya'-<br />
ATmanya'da 31.000 ki!linin Lufthansa .. tarafjndan ma sonucui bu ulkenin vizesiyasi<br />
sl!'llnma talebin<strong>de</strong> bu- -genrlldlOlnl H sOyIedi. çil?le- siz yoleulann .. Batl ,.kfanndan vizo almak<br />
ya al1mekamaclyla yola çlklundu{junu<br />
belirterek, bun- ri BakanhOl, kontrolsüz yol- A1manya'ya Q1dil?lnien~el.<br />
lann büyük çoOunlu!junu cu :.ta:,nnalan -sebebiyle, lamesl gOstsnllyor. 1986 da<br />
Türkiye'<strong>de</strong>n ~Ien Kürtler'. araIannda l.ufthlinsa'n1n da DoOu Ber1in'<strong>de</strong>n Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Alin<br />
tel?kil eltiQI söyledi. bulunduOu 9 uçak liirk<strong>et</strong>i manya'ya gelen ilticaci sa-<br />
'":. :S8<strong>de</strong>ceFrankfürt HaVa- hakklOda.aQrr para cazesl Ylsl",n .33 bin oldu~u,<br />
Ieri keslldi!jlni aÇlkladl. - 1987'<strong>de</strong> ise bunun 116'e<br />
Iimamndangelen n say.. G~en~1a kryasla ha- d'-'--'''ünü baUrten Fe<strong>de</strong>ral<br />
Slnin 5005 klllinin 2071'lni !J: ......U'l'<br />
Çocuklann olu$turdu~unu vayoIu e manya'ya iltica il?lan, Bakanl~1 sözeüsü<br />
belirten sözcü Bachmeier, e<strong>de</strong>nlerln 88yJSlnda yüz<strong>de</strong> alen A1manya don Ilyasl<br />
mecburly<strong>et</strong>lnlJen kurtulmu,<br />
oluyorlar. Yapdan sorgulama<br />
ve soru,fUrmalar Ise. TOrlllye'<strong>de</strong>kl<br />
KOrtlerl A/manya'ya<br />
kaçlnnaOa y6nellk blr liebekenln<br />
varhQlnI artaya koymu,fUr,<br />
Omeoln 15 EyrOr<strong>de</strong><br />
blr TOrk uçak ,lrIlen. daha.<br />
bOyOkblr uçalll sefere koy-:<br />
Devriyeye PD pususu<br />
TUNCEll, Mll.HA<br />
IT.'. IUNCEL"oin PülÜinÜl üçesi<br />
~<br />
<strong>de</strong>vriye po<br />
askeri -araca çaprazlama<br />
yayhm a!qi açan PU miliW1lan,<br />
bir erimizi 18raI3dJ.<br />
Öncelri geee, PüJqm\Ïr yolu<br />
Ozùntarla nlevtiin<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vriye gelen<br />
ilinii"rmA tomando Il,..ct.PKK militanlan<br />
taraftndan otomatik silah.<br />
!aria taranch, Saydan bilinmeyen<br />
militanlaim açtIiJ atq sonucu araç<br />
için<strong>de</strong> bulunan bir erimiz ahr ya.<br />
ralanch. YaraIJ er Tuncdi Devie!<br />
Hastanesi'ne kaldmlarak ledavi aItma<br />
ahnch. Olayla iIgili bölge<strong>de</strong> gee<br />
lIÎi çaplJ operasyon sürdügü belirtilcli.<br />
mu, ve bu uçak yolcular:mn<br />
dörrte OçQ Frankfurt franslt<br />
hovallmalllnda IInco 'alebin<strong>de</strong><br />
bulunmu,fUr" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Türkiye'<strong>de</strong>n !;Ielip AImanya'da<br />
siyasi slQlnma talebin<strong>de</strong><br />
bulunanlardan<br />
bugüne kadar sa<strong>de</strong>ce yüz<strong>de</strong><br />
S'ine oturma izni verildi-<br />
(:Iini bildiren Fe<strong>de</strong>ral içil?leri<br />
Bakanh(:ll sözcüsü, 1967<br />
sonuna kadar Almanya'dan<br />
60 bin kil?inin iltica talebin<strong>de</strong><br />
bulunaca!jmm tahmin<br />
.edildi!jini sl>yledi.<br />
1 • 1 0 • 8 7<br />
Hürriu<strong>et</strong><br />
- ~<br />
"MllETVm.i OLACAGIM"<br />
Divarbaklr !.>evl<strong>et</strong> Gih'l'nlik Mahkp.me~ïJl,kh3'kkmria<br />
;; .- 15 Yli hapis ce7.a!il istemiyk<br />
naw aÇ1I1111eski CHP mill<strong>et</strong>vekHi (Küçük<br />
,l'e.irn) v(' Tiirk A~-e(ïnin li<strong>de</strong>ri Ahmer<br />
Tiirk, lvanda solda) tutuklu bululldugu cc-<br />
7.aevin<strong>de</strong> :,11 hspi$, ce.,<br />
.• zasl iSlemiyle .öav!!', 8.QlIII.Tl<br />
"Türk ,,- lIllirci.i~in li<strong>de</strong>ri. l'ski<br />
, parlanienter Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk'ie<br />
~ .cezaevin<strong>de</strong> görü~lük. Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
"SUP'<strong>de</strong>n ,milI<strong>et</strong>vekiii<br />
adayJ olmak istedim. Ancak,<br />
genel merkez bu konuda<br />
k8y.tsaz kalch. Çevrem-<br />
<strong>de</strong>n .•.qir<strong>et</strong>iml\en <strong>de</strong> mill<strong>et</strong>vekilligi<br />
adayhg,.m konusunda<br />
baSkl wnh. En dogru<br />
yolun seçime hag.mgz olarak<br />
gimiek oldugunu d~ünerek,<br />
basvununu gerçek.<br />
le~tirdim. Buradan mill<strong>et</strong>ve.<br />
kHi olarak Çlkacag.ma inanlYOnlm.<br />
H<br />
Savclhk VI' Cezaevi ,"ön<strong>et</strong>iminin<br />
. istegi üzerine görü!jlll!'<br />
klsa süred!' nok18lalllrken. l'erei<br />
SjInatçllar!~ ka~~ldlgl."Mo.<br />
l'al 'Konserl n<strong>de</strong> baglmslZ<br />
mill<strong>et</strong>vekili adaYI Türk'ün keyinï<br />
göründügü, zaman zaman<br />
lhpih çektigi, sanatçllara alkl~la<br />
e~lik <strong>et</strong>tigi dikkati çekli.<br />
SAVUNMASINDA<br />
DEMI~I?<br />
NE<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk. geçf'n haCla<br />
Ilk kez Clktlib mahkemroe SB'.-<br />
2.10.87<br />
l'min ha-kkulda 5 15 yll hapi. hapis iSlemiyle ~.argllanan Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Türk. "Türk A~ire-<br />
cezaSI istemesin<strong>de</strong>n sonra i;Öyle<br />
S8\'unma yapm'~lI:<br />
ti"nin 1973 nhndan hu I.ana<br />
"Bölücülerin gelmemesi Iillerligini süi-dürüyor. :\'-ill<strong>et</strong>için<br />
yakmlanma sürek1i ,.l'kili hahasl Abdürrahim<br />
uyanlarda bulunuyrdum. Türk'ün kan da"a" ncrlt'ni\'ll'<br />
21 Ocak 1987'<strong>de</strong> yapllan aramada<br />
ce~itli yasak kitaplar A~ir<strong>et</strong>i"ne mensul' ki~ilert'('-<br />
14 ,11 önce "Kahramanlar.<br />
.bulundu. Bu kitaplar, mill<strong>et</strong>vekilligi<br />
dönemin<strong>de</strong>n kallik<br />
yapan Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk, "aile<br />
.61dürülmf'sin<strong>de</strong>n bu '-ana li<strong>de</strong>r-<br />
meclisi "nin karanyla bu göreH'<br />
gl'lirildi. 16 çocuklu ailemavdl.<br />
Meclis'teki diger arkada~lara<br />
da da~.ttlml~tt.<br />
nin W' "Türk ~ir<strong>et</strong>i"nin<br />
Kasr - I Kanço olarak bilinen<br />
evim<strong>de</strong> eie geçtigi açlk-<br />
illllle gl'len ''''lli. ~imdiki mill<strong>et</strong>vekili<br />
alla,.1. 194~ dogumlu<br />
lanan Abdullah OClllan'a ait<br />
vi<strong>de</strong>o kas<strong>et</strong>lerin<strong>de</strong>n haberim<br />
yak. Bunlar benim olsa once. kapatllan (,H p'nin Mar-<br />
Türk, 12 E\'lül Harekâll'ndan<br />
veya bilgim bulunsa. bekleme<br />
süresi alan 3 _. 4 saalte Edi \'e Il çOl'uk baba" alan<br />
din mill<strong>et</strong>vekiliydi.<br />
yakabilirdim. "<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk, \'öre<strong>de</strong> "Kasr<br />
-I Kanco" olarak bilinen. lIu-<br />
HUKUKI DURUMU \'arlanmn yükl
• •<br />
3.10.87<br />
l:IttmD<br />
PKK'dan ;...<br />
,ent clnay<strong>et</strong><br />
MARDIN, MIL-HA<br />
ARDIN'in Midyat ilçesine<br />
bagh Dargeçitbucag! ßao'urt<br />
~ köyüne düo baskm düzenleyen<br />
FKK militanlan, iki yurt~1 öldûrdûier.<br />
Önecki ak~am düzeokneo baskioa<br />
10 hdar militan hulda. Teröristlerio<br />
otomatik tüfeklerle açtltJ<br />
yayhm atej sonucu Hlld AClr<br />
ve Emin Aygün adli yurtta~lar hayatianDl<br />
kayb<strong>et</strong>tiler. Ölen iki ki~inin<br />
köy koruculan oldugu belirlendi.<br />
Pi-:l
• •<br />
-DEVAM<br />
.PKK lçln k., alarm.<br />
,<strong>de</strong>n S'i oiel tim ekiblnin ne.<br />
re<strong>de</strong> oldulunu ,sorarken, dl.<br />
lerleri ÖZI$tk $antlyesi ci va.<br />
nndaki yollart tuttu.<br />
1èraristler daha sonm $an.<br />
tiye<strong>de</strong>ki i$çileri loplaYlp, bir<br />
HABER MERKEZI Ru arada $antiye<strong>de</strong> $oför<br />
-------- ve i$çi olarak çah$a'n Zekl<br />
I
•<br />
KOïücular ~klvaVI<br />
püsIWrllü<br />
Arif<br />
ÂIA~<br />
BI ....t;ÜL. (Iuciim ..nl.<br />
Rin~(\I'<strong>de</strong>. hil k(lve ba,k III<br />
dUll'nlcmek i",'\cn :~k'}a,<br />
llirlcndi. Bu ko,<br />
nuda hAzlrianan' bir raporda<br />
da Iran tehlikesine i~r<strong>et</strong> edilerek,<br />
"Ana~i ve tel'Ör ortamJ<br />
d~urarak, dcvl<strong>et</strong> olonte.<br />
sim zedclcylp kitlelerin <strong>de</strong>v-<br />
J<strong>et</strong>e olan güvenini sarsmaya<br />
çah~lyorlar" <strong>de</strong>nildi.<br />
Son günler<strong>de</strong> yakalnnnn<br />
bölüeü hninlerin üzerin<strong>de</strong> Iran<br />
men¥,1i silah, mermi ve mühimmat<br />
eie geçirilmesi dost<br />
<strong>de</strong>di~imiz kar<strong>de</strong>~ ulke j ran'in<br />
maskesini bir kez daha du~ur.<br />
dü, Bugüne kadar <strong>de</strong>~i~ik yollardan<br />
her i~ bumunu sokan,<br />
radyosu araelh~1 ile kinini, nef.<br />
r<strong>et</strong>ini belirten Iran'lIl bolucu<br />
hainiere <strong>de</strong>stek sajilamasl. beil-<br />
12.10.87<br />
ge halkl arasllldn nefrpt uyandtrdt.<br />
'Bu konuda güvenlik<br />
guçleri ve istihbarat birimleri<br />
tarafmdan hazlrlanan bir ra.<br />
porda Iran'lIl sa<strong>de</strong>ce dineilik<br />
ak,mml <strong>de</strong>steklemedi~i, bölücü<br />
hainiere <strong>de</strong> silah ve mühimmat<br />
yard,ml ynptl~1 belirlildi. Bir<br />
güvenlik y<strong>et</strong>kllisi, bu konuda<br />
'iUnlan söyledi:<br />
ORTAK<br />
EYLEMLER<br />
"tran, bölücü hainIere<br />
l<strong>de</strong>ôlojik, maddi ve <strong>et</strong>itim<br />
'<strong>de</strong>st<strong>et</strong>i satbyqr. Silah ya,rmml<br />
yBplyor.' t<strong>de</strong>olojik <strong>de</strong>stek,<br />
tran'da üsIenen bölücülere<br />
germa. taktikleri ve te.<br />
orlk notlar satJanarak yap.-<br />
byol'. Maddi aestek Ise ge.<br />
neI<strong>de</strong> para, makina ve mal.<br />
zeme.iIaç fekUn<strong>de</strong> oluyor.'<br />
~~I"I<br />
.Dogu<br />
va Günaydogu'daki<br />
I
•<br />
Tercüntan<br />
10.10.87<br />
17 Ekim'<strong>de</strong> yapllacak genel nüfus say'ml<br />
6ncesi Bagdat rejimi<strong>de</strong> Bulgar'l 6rnek aldl<br />
Kerkük'ie Türk 'IVlml<br />
Soyda~/anmlZ" kaylt/ara HKürt veya Arap" o/arak geçirmeye kararll o/an Bagdat<br />
eritme kampanyasl ba$/atll ...Direnen soyda$/anmlzdan 50'si kursuna dizildi<br />
_In.anlllll d.,.: KerkOk'On gOneyin<strong>de</strong>ki Be!iir kasabaslnda ya!iayan TOrkler'in en bUytlk ~lme ulrayanlar<br />
- evleri buldozerlerle YlkillP, topraklanna el kondu. Böige halkl KOrt isyancllann kont- Ise ya\un1an U11œ<strong>de</strong>n kaçan<br />
rolün<strong>de</strong>ki böigeiere sürOIOp yerlerine <strong>de</strong> Araplar yerle!itirildi. TOrk topraklanna yer- TUrk aileleri..<br />
lestirilen Araplar'a 50 milyon lira da "kredi" veriliyor 22 AltJstos'ta o~lIan çe-'<br />
IlIWt'SÜ.,.ü8Mle1d analar: Soyklrtm, özellikle yakrnlan Irak'tan kaçan ailel::- r ,,! uy- $itlhebepler<strong>de</strong>n dolayJ Ulke-<br />
- gulanlYor. OQullan dl!ianda olan 270 Türk anasl Kerkük polis merkezin<strong>de</strong> i!ikence yi terke<strong>de</strong>n 270 Turk anne,<br />
edildikten sonra kuzeye sürüldO. ÇoQunluQu ya!i" olan kadrnlara es ve yaklnlan: KerkUk polis merkezin<strong>de</strong> yan1n<br />
eslik <strong>et</strong>mesine izin verilmedi pllan \usa bir sorgulamadan<br />
D~ HABERLER SERvlst haberlere gOre, kitle halin<strong>de</strong> edilirken, lopraklanna da el sonra ~Urt isyancllanrnn Ii:<br />
. süraünler arah!tSlZ IUrüyor. kondu. Aradan I ay seçtik- d~rlen 1aIabaDI ve. BarzaDI-<br />
TraIt'ta TUrk unsurunu ent- lam zaman bu iflem tam ten sonra TUrkler )'lI.$aIna sa- mn kontrolundakl bölgeye<br />
.l.mek için yeni ve geDÏ$ çap- b" ~ ball' ah ~I verdikleri kulUbelerin- sUrUldUler. Ço~unlugu çok<br />
h bir 1campanya ba$1atlld1. 17 U'a:n:e k~ I\~~ 1 _ <strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong> Ç1kanlarak yeni<strong>de</strong>n )'ll$h olan kadmlara kocala-<br />
Ekim'<strong>de</strong> yap1lmasl beklenen dire ~~ gO' ~k !t n e sUrUldUler. Bu bölgeye Amp- nnm ve diAer yakm1aruun esgenel<br />
nllfus sayumnda, TUrk- re<strong>et</strong>l.n œ:a:da:; oldur~~~ lar yerlestirildiler. lik <strong>et</strong>mesine izin veri1medi.<br />
ler'in ço~unlukta oldu~u. vdükeln.. d 0 sU dUler Bu arada, TUrkler'in ço- Kürt bölgesin<strong>de</strong> Irait <strong>de</strong>vböig<br />
lerd '~~~'Ia enm e ne r . d ka 1" .. h h<br />
e e )'ll$a~ ~7~ - Aym kaynaklara gOre, son ~unlukta oldu~u Ba~ at - <strong>et</strong>mm. otontesl emen e-<br />
n~~ kayJtlara .. Kart.~ gUnler içerisin<strong>de</strong> KerkUk ve rayolu Uzerin<strong>de</strong>ki "Dakak men hiç bulunmu.YO~' ~Syan-<br />
Anp olarak Seçiri1mesIIÇlD in<strong>de</strong> gOvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>le~ (DmIk)" kasabasmda 10 bin c1Iann da TUrk1ei e . 1}'1gOzle<br />
bUtUn tedbirler ahnd!. ~ dan kurcn"" dizilen .Anip'11i.';~l~ltfMlesr'liÇih bakmadlklan biliniyor ..<br />
Irak resmî makamlan tara- n .m -y-- 'bUturl hllZll'hklar tamaJi11an" Geçen 24 ~'ta Ise ~<br />
f: dan d. a ............ --D.. aralannda kadm ve çocukla- lm . 1cab I TU kl ,. "',nl kta<br />
m ann • .....-c d bId T kl ,. dl. Dakuk'a se e}'1 u ne r er m çolS~' u 0-<br />
diye amlan (kesin olarak nn a u, ~n u~u Ur er m e<strong>de</strong>cek Arap ailelerine, ev, 1$, du~ "Thz Harmao" kasa- .<br />
TUrk <strong>de</strong>nmiyor) SO)'da$lan- sa}'1SI SO ~ buldu. . topralt ve SO milyon liraya basmdan 47 kad1n evlerin<strong>de</strong>n :<br />
nuza kar$1 giri$i1en flzikî zu- KerkUk Un güne}'1n<strong>de</strong> Be. kadar da kredivaadin<strong>de</strong> bu- ahnarak KUrt bölgesine gOnlum<br />
<strong>de</strong> son gUnler<strong>de</strong> geni$ ,Ir kasabasmda ya$~ya.n lunuluyor. <strong>de</strong>rildiler.<br />
boyutlara ulll$t1. . TUrkler yaz. bll$mda hlç~u Bu konuda dikkati çeken<br />
sebep gostenlme<strong>de</strong>~ evle~n- ... ce.G 11__ .... 'nokta, çok sayJda Amp gen<strong>de</strong>n<br />
a1marak daha IÇ keslm- .... "". dnin <strong>de</strong> Çe$itli sebepler<strong>de</strong>n<br />
OUlYLAR<br />
le~ sUrUldUler. TUrkler'in ~- Ulkelerini terk<strong>et</strong>.mi$ olma1ai1-;<br />
Tilr!c böIgesin<strong>de</strong>n ulll$8Il len buldozerlerle yerle bu Irait yOn<strong>et</strong>imi tarafmdan na ra~en bunlann aileleri-'<br />
ne hiçbir $e)' yaptlmamasld!r.<br />
Irak 'ta )'ll$ayan I miIY(\I1'<br />
dan fazla Turk'Un eritilmni<br />
için hllZll'lanan en bUy'J¥<br />
oyun, 17 Ekim'<strong>de</strong> sabnt.,.'<br />
1conaca1c. Bu tarihte yaptlm;.>-<br />
SIbeklenen genel nüfus sa}'1<br />
D11ndâ kuzey<strong>de</strong>ki TUrk b
•<br />
~ 12.10.87<br />
PKK'dan kan •• ey.em<br />
• DIYARBAKI~ (MIL.HA)<br />
riil KK milltanlannm dûn ve<br />
~ önceki glin giriftikleri kara-<br />
, kaI baskiN ve maymb saldI- '<br />
nlarda üç ki~i öldü, bir ki~i yaralandl.<br />
Bu arada, Sanburfa-Mardin<br />
karayolu üzerin<strong>de</strong>kl ~abnlat KIIprlistl<br />
'ne sabotaj düunlendi. Ayak<br />
k1smma yerleftirilen patla)'lClllln in!<br />
maki lonueu köprii<strong>de</strong> hasar meydana<br />
geldi.<br />
KARAKOLA SALDIRI<br />
Mil-Ha U1u<strong>de</strong>re muhabiri Ömer<br />
Vamln'Iß haberine göre PKK militanlan,<br />
ilçeye ba~h Illkveren köyÜ<br />
Jandarma Karakolu'nu önceki<br />
geee, otomatik silahlarla taraddar.<br />
Çatl~ma masmda bir erin ~ehit 01-<br />
dugu ö~renildi. Militanlann yakalanmasl<br />
i~n U1u<strong>de</strong>re ve Hakkâri yöresin<strong>de</strong><br />
geni~ çapb operasyonlar düzenlendigi<br />
bildiriliyor.<br />
MAYINLI SALDIRILAR<br />
Mardin 'in Nusaybln ilçesin<strong>de</strong><br />
PKK militanIan tarafmdan yola dö-<br />
~en maymm paUamasl sonueunda<br />
iki ki,i öldü, bir ki,1 yaralandl.<br />
Sanburta komando taburunun yoluna<br />
dö~enen ma)'!n Ise misiz hale<br />
g<strong>et</strong>irßdi.<br />
l!diniIen bDgiye göre, Mardin 'in<br />
NlIS:8ybin ilçesine S kilom<strong>et</strong>re uzak.<br />
bktati Çaylarbllt Itöyü yakJmnda<br />
buluDan, belediyeye alt t&J orma<br />
fabrikumalÎ<strong>de</strong>n yoldan dÛDsabah<br />
aeçmeItte olan 304ZT 13?l>1aItab otomobil,<br />
maytmn iDft1aIt<strong>et</strong>meal sonucu<br />
parçalandt. Patlamada, otomabil<strong>de</strong><br />
buluDan Sadllt n. Oe, ilçe iç.<br />
meiuyu febekeal mûteahbldl AI<br />
ACQ 61d6. Sa", RaWolia adb kitI<br />
<strong>de</strong> • yararlanaralt MerdlD Devl<strong>et</strong><br />
Hastanesi'De tedavi a1t1na abn.<br />
dt.<br />
DOÇ'E MAYIN<br />
~burfa'mD CeylanplDar ilçesl<br />
yakmmdaki DeYI<strong>et</strong> Or<strong>et</strong>me ÇiftIIii'D<strong>de</strong>n<br />
leçeD stabilize yola PKK milltanlanDC8<br />
dö,enen maytn, glivenlik<br />
kuvv<strong>et</strong>leriDce mlsiz bale a<strong>et</strong>irildi.<br />
. DOÇ için<strong>de</strong>n Icçen yolun bölse<strong>de</strong><br />
bulunan komando taburunun<br />
araçlan tarafmdan da kulIamidip,<br />
bu yüz<strong>de</strong>n ma)'!ß1n askeri araçlara<br />
kaql konuldugu swyor. DÛÇ Sa.<br />
nçe~me köyü yaklmndan geçen yola<br />
dö~en maym, DÜÇ ~rorleri tarafmdan<br />
farkma vanlarak gûvenlik<br />
kuvv<strong>et</strong>lerine bildirildi.<br />
VAll KARACAN: "MAYIN<br />
ESKIYOI"<br />
Diyarbaklf ve Sanburfa emniy<strong>et</strong><br />
müdûrlüklerin<strong>de</strong>n olay yerine gön<strong>de</strong>rile"<br />
bomba ulmanlan, yola dölenen<br />
ve 17 kiloluk yag tenekesinin<br />
içine yerl~tirilen ma)'!ß1yerin<strong>de</strong>n ÇIkararak<br />
<strong>et</strong>kisil hale g<strong>et</strong>irdiler.<br />
Sanhurfa Valisi Alplslln KITI-<br />
Cln, "Büyük blr flell önlendl. So.<br />
ruJfurmlgenl, çlpb oIarak sürdüril.<br />
lüyor" ~eklin<strong>de</strong> konu~tu.<br />
KÖPROYE SABOTAJ<br />
Sanhurfa-Mardin karayolu ûlerin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
~bYelal Kliprilsü'ne öneeki<br />
ak~am yerlestirildiii samlan patlaYledardan<br />
bir klsml intilak <strong>et</strong>ti,<br />
köprü<strong>de</strong> hasar meydana geldi. lpek.<br />
yolu üurin<strong>de</strong>, Viranfehir ilçesine 20<br />
kilom<strong>et</strong>re uzakhkta bulunan köprü.<br />
ye patlaYlel mad<strong>de</strong>l::, ,=I .....' :<br />
leri içerisin<strong>de</strong> yerle~tirildi. Köprü<br />
ayagma yerle~tirilen dokul patIaYI'<br />
Cldan be~i iofilak <strong>et</strong>ti ve köprü, ge.<br />
çit vermeyeeek ölçü<strong>de</strong> tahrip oldu.<br />
Gün<strong>de</strong> yakla~lk 5000 araCIn geçtigi<br />
Ipekyolu, ~Ihvelll Kliprils6'nün<br />
tahrip edilmesi ülerine Ulun süre<br />
tratige ka pan dl. Araçlar, yol üle.<br />
rin<strong>de</strong>ki çe~itIi parklarda bekl<strong>et</strong>ildi.<br />
PatlaYledann. yag tenekelerinin<br />
içine yerle~tirilmi~ su ni potasyum<br />
glibresiyle S,kl!ttnlml~ tahrip kahp-<br />
Ian oldugu belirlendi.<br />
~o<br />
..~NCEKI glin, Siin'in Simak<br />
ilçesine bagh Mefeiçi köyü<br />
Çoban<strong>de</strong>re mezrasml basarak<br />
13 ki~iyi öldûren 9 ki~iyi <strong>de</strong> yaralayan<br />
PKK'ya kar~' genij çapb<br />
operasyonlar düunleniyor. Sag ve<br />
yarab kunulan1ar ola)'!n <strong>et</strong>kisin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
bâlâ kunul8IDJyor.<br />
mImI3JIml<br />
Ip IKK örgütünün Siin -<br />
Mardin yöresin<strong>de</strong>ki saIdm<br />
ve baskmlanm,<br />
"DiJÇi Caler" takma adh Veaim<br />
Aras ve PKK böige sekr<strong>et</strong>eri<br />
Melam<strong>et</strong> EmiB Allln'm<br />
planladlklan b<strong>et</strong>iniliyor.<br />
PKK taktikçi1erin<strong>de</strong>n Verim<br />
Aras, daha önee Hakkâri yöresin<strong>de</strong><br />
görevtiyken, olaganüstü<br />
halin ilanmdan sonra, Çohu<strong>de</strong>re<br />
katlianumn da meydana<br />
geldigi SlfDak bölgesine kaydtrIldl.<br />
ValIlI Aras'a, Slmak'-<br />
ID yaru SIf8 Eruh'\'e U1u<strong>de</strong>re'yörelerin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
eylemlerin planla)'ledlll<br />
görevlerinin <strong>de</strong> verildigi<br />
ögrenildi. -<br />
Aym zamanda PKK'mn<br />
merkel komite ûyesi <strong>de</strong> olan<br />
Vesim Aras, örg1ÏtÜDMardin<br />
böige seltJer<strong>et</strong>eri Melam<strong>et</strong> EmIa<br />
Allu'a baih olarak ~Iyor.<br />
A5IIII- Ans ikilisinin, SOlI aylarda<br />
Sün'in Erub ve SlfDak, Hakkâri'nin<br />
U1u<strong>de</strong>re, Mardin'iD<br />
Ömerli ve Midyat ilçclerin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
katliamlann planlanDl b8Zlrladddan<br />
beliniliyor.<br />
""""""<br />
~ 13.10.87<br />
PKKVAHSETi<br />
--<br />
BasklDdan yarab olarak kunu-<br />
Ian AU Sub, Mardin Devl<strong>et</strong> Hastanesi'n<strong>de</strong>,<br />
<strong>de</strong>b~ dolu dakikalan<br />
~yle anlatu:<br />
"Köpejimlz 1a,,1acb... Dlpn<br />
Ç1kllpmda, köyiimizüD a11lbb Id-<br />
PIer tlllflDdu klJllllclaPDI IÖrdiim.<br />
Tekl'll' 1çerI prdlm, hahama<br />
baller ftI'dIm. SIIabunm aIarak ÇJk-<br />
Ilk. Etbya ru&eIe at* bqladJ ...<br />
BIz <strong>de</strong> karpIIk venn. Mermlmlz u-<br />
dl... MmJ\ lertl d. Bu lU'lIda ben<br />
Ylralandtm. Etluya, IIIdtn a1anl<br />
ollrak hizim buluDdugumul yerl<br />
seçti. Our kiJlIik JTUplar blin<strong>de</strong><br />
meZIUIII timiDe IIIdtnp ber tara-<br />
" at* YerdiIer.<br />
hlyclik ......<br />
A<strong>de</strong>la .. 'lfta p-<br />
köye Iflemedim."<br />
ÇELlK DACI KU~ATMAOA<br />
Olaydan k1sa sûre sonra Mardin<br />
ve Siirt'ten helikopterlerle gelen vurucu<br />
timler, mezrarun <strong>et</strong>ekIerin<strong>de</strong> ku.<br />
ruldugu Çelik DaiI'm ku~atmll aItlna<br />
aldtlar. Yöredé yogun bir operasyon<br />
b~latddt. "<br />
Kat1edi1en mezra sakinlerinio, )'1-<br />
kJIan evlerin enk8Z1 allJDda kalan cesctIerïCizre'ye<br />
gön<strong>de</strong>rildi. Katliam<br />
kurbanlll yun~, Cizre Be!ediyesi<br />
tarafm4an topraga verildi.<br />
OIYARBAKIR'DA TOPLANTI<br />
DiyarbakIr' da yann yapllacak<br />
böige valileri toplantlSlna kalllmak<br />
için Diyarbakir' a gelen tçi~leri Bakaru<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Selçuk, basIDa kapab<br />
SLOGAN ATlYORLAROI<br />
olarak yapllan bir toplantlda baskin<br />
ile i1gili bilgiler aldt. Emniy<strong>et</strong><br />
8aslwun yanm saat kadar sûrdûgünii,anJatan<br />
AB Sub, ~yle <strong>de</strong>vam<br />
<strong>et</strong>ti:<br />
Gene! Müdûrü Sift<strong>et</strong> Anku Bediik<br />
ve OIaganüstû Hal Böige Valisi<br />
Hayrl J(ozakÇJOila'nun da ka-<br />
"TeriiriatIer bIr yaadu atq M-<br />
yor. bIr JDdu da "'oalar kaltIldtiJ<br />
IOplantl 4.5 saat sûrdü. Toplantlda<br />
bölge<strong>de</strong> a1man ve abßIDasl<br />
Iaaank dopa abJortri. BIzIere<br />
'Teslim olun', 'SafIarumza kauhn',<br />
•AgaIanmz ve sizleri koruyoruz diyer<strong>de</strong>r<br />
gelsin <strong>de</strong>, caDIII1ZI kurtarslD-<br />
aereken önlemkrin gÖTÛfü1diigüägrenilditar'<br />
dire Himyorlanh. ÇoInkçocuk<br />
.... buIIIIara IaJcbfar ... CI önœö glin VÎl'8Dfehir ve Ceylan-<br />
Ote yandan, PKK milltanlann-<br />
Bellca., öIä takIcI JIIIII1k hrtardull.leßIIIeSÏ<br />
Ülerine. ~ önlem1er aImplDar<br />
yörelerin<strong>de</strong> yo11ara maym dö-<br />
ÇOBAN NASIL KURTULOU? dt. Bu bölge<strong>de</strong>ki kritik nokta!ar ve<br />
Mezramn çobam Seyfelda VBrai,<br />
0 Slf8da koyon otIattJil için sai<br />
köprü1ere nöb<strong>et</strong>çi kondu.<br />
kunuldugunu belirterek, ~unlan anlatlJnunda<br />
basara ugrayar, Sanllurfa-<br />
PKK militanlanmn sabota;1 so-<br />
"Daida koJU oda1utl9, aIIaII<br />
Mardin karayolu Ülerin<strong>de</strong>ki ~Ibvelai<br />
köprÜ5Ünün ist onanldtgJ ve ipek<br />
~ "'yftll ... f.t\uJa, dnl<strong>et</strong><br />
y..... okIlplllU lçiD bIzllIep lebdit<br />
ediJonia. Basluaa UiradtiJDIID OPERASYONOA KAZA<br />
Yolu'nun trafige aç1ldtiJ bildirildi.<br />
........ f.Ii.<strong>de</strong>l ceJecek blr feY<br />
~burfa-Mardin karayolunda<br />
yoktu. Bir kaya ubua Iin1p, 011- gliven1i1tkuvv<strong>et</strong>lerinin yaplIiJ aramalar<br />
S1faslDda, kamyonun akta bel<strong>de</strong>dim ••. Sablba kldar da<br />
çarpllll<br />
MeUKt Doian adbjandarma eri ~.<br />
bit oldu.<br />
DEMIREL LANETLEOi<br />
DYP Genel B~kanl Süleymu<br />
Demirel, "Ollleyi yöneleBler<strong>de</strong>D<br />
.m<strong>et</strong>, c1aay<strong>et</strong>1erl qJeyen qluYlDln<br />
köki.i. IwuaDlISIDJ blr an enel<br />
Istiyor" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Demirel, Siin'in Mefeiçi köyü<br />
Çoban<strong>de</strong>re mezraslDda önceki gün<br />
qkJya tarafindan 13 vatand~muzm<br />
katledilmesiyle ilgili olarak yapl1iJ<br />
açlklamada. $unlan kayd<strong>et</strong>ti:<br />
"Sürl'În MefeÎÇi köyii, Çobla<strong>de</strong>re<br />
melTlSlnda olu <strong>de</strong>bfel vend<br />
tiDlyel IOnunda, 13 nludqllDll<br />
daba alçakça katlecllmit bulB1uyor.<br />
., Her <strong>de</strong>f_da bu oIaJlana kökÜDün<br />
klZlDIClpDl lÖyleYeD ülke<br />
yöl<strong>et</strong>iciJeriain IfrçKtea MI' çare-<br />
1+ bqvunp cJeyl<strong>et</strong>ia bitiD Jilriuü<br />
kuUamp <strong>de</strong>cIIklerlnl Ylpmall11"<br />
Ilmaal geimi, geçmifllr bile. ÜIkÏ:<br />
yi YÖDelenlenleD mIfI<strong>et</strong>, bu dDlyel-<br />
Ieri ïpeyea qluYIDln köküDülI ka.<br />
Z1amUJDI iltiyor."<br />
84 gün<strong>de</strong> 86 Ölü<br />
IP IKK, Güneydogu'daki<br />
DIYARBAKIR MIL-HA<br />
eylemlerini, S1byöD<strong>et</strong>im<strong>de</strong>n'olajanüs:<br />
tü ~ale g~ildikten sonra yaY~l1rdt. 22 Temmul 1987 ta .<br />
. nhin<strong>de</strong>n lubaren yapdan eylem1er<strong>de</strong> 64'ü katliamlarda olmak<br />
uzere loplam 86 yun~ bayatlanm kaybdti. Teröristlerle giri~ilen<br />
£...lI~malarda 5 resmi güvenlik görevlisi fehit oldu, 15 PKK mililaDl,<br />
olu olarak eie geçirildi.<br />
OIaganûstü ha1in ilamndan bu yana PKK'Dln giri~tiii büyük katliamlann<br />
bilançosu ise ~öyle:<br />
• 19 Aguiloi<br />
25 ölû, 3 yarah.<br />
1987: Siin'in Eruh ilçesi Milan melraSI basklßl'<br />
. .<br />
• 3 [ylü11987: Mardin'in Ömerli ilçesi Tekkuyo köyü yolunda<br />
maym patlamasl: 8 ölü, 6 yarall.<br />
• 11 [y/ü11987:<br />
6 ölü.<br />
Siirt'in ~Irnak ilçesi Karageçil köyûne baskm:<br />
• 21 EyJü11987: Siin'in ~Irnak ilçesl Çillekavak köyü basklßl:<br />
12 ölü.<br />
• 11 Ekim 1987: Siin' in Slmak ilçesi Çoban<strong>de</strong>re melraSI bask,-<br />
m: 13 ilili. 9 varal1.
•<br />
I<br />
tNGÖL, . .'. Rln~.<br />
Bgöl'Un Genç iTcesi Selvi<br />
bucapna ba~h Direldl köyü<br />
yalanlannda gUvenlik kuv-<br />
~eriyle silâhh ça~maya Riren<br />
4 teröristin ölü olarak ele.<br />
geçirildi~i belirtildi.<br />
Ahnan bilgiye göre, dUn<br />
sabah saat 09.00 slralannda<br />
Direldi köyiJJ yakmlarmda<br />
güvenlik kuvve<strong>de</strong>ri ile çattsmaya<br />
giren bir grup bölücü<br />
esklyadan 4'U ölU olarak eie<br />
geçirildi. Di~er teröristlerin<br />
ise kaçtl~I, !caçan teröristlerin<br />
<strong>de</strong> yakalarnasma çal1Slldt~.<br />
~l belirtildi.<br />
ÇATI~MA ÇIKTI<br />
Öte yan dan Bingöl'Ur.<br />
Genç ilçesin<strong>de</strong>, bölücü e$h<br />
ya ile güver1likkuvv<strong>et</strong>leri ara.<br />
smda silâhh. ça~lsma C;lk!\.<br />
14.10.87<br />
Olayda astsubay Abdullah<br />
Ön<strong>de</strong>r ile bir kOy korucusu<br />
yaralandl.<br />
y•• 1.... Dlw.<br />
Batiyan ~ir<strong>et</strong>i mensuplan,<br />
kendilerine bassaAhP dileyen<br />
tçisleri Bakarn Ahm<strong>et</strong> Sel.<br />
çuk'tan, "<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in kendßerine<br />
yer vermeslnl" istedi<br />
Arkad~IDllZ ~hnaz Kap.<br />
Ian'rn haberine göre, Batiyanhlar<br />
sOyle konustu;<br />
"Olaylara kall., bütün al.<br />
leier blr araya gelme karan<br />
aldLk. Devl<strong>et</strong> blze yarduna<br />
olsun, yer göstersln."<br />
Selçuk da, bu ist<strong>et</strong>in yerine<br />
g<strong>et</strong>irilecegini bildirdi<br />
r:mmm<br />
.PK/(. ko,.ucu/a,.,n !Je aske,./e,./n geftlgl tall yo/lQ,.da Slnll'/I ka/mayacak<br />
AnayollaramaYln<br />
14.10.87<br />
dÖ$eyin<br />
.PKK'nln askeri kalu ARGK'nlnGüneYdagu Anadalu sölgeSl'nln ba~lnag<strong>et</strong>lrllen<br />
"Satan" kad adll Nlzam<strong>et</strong>tln Tas. örgüte "Ekanamlk he<strong>de</strong>fiere yö:<br />
nellk saldlnlara da hamlamn" emrlnl verdi<br />
• Fadullah BULUTTEKiN In, örgülûn aybk yaym orgaru Sen- g<strong>et</strong>irilen diger PKK'cJlann isimleri<br />
• Namuk DURUKAN webuo <strong>de</strong>rgisin<strong>de</strong> yer alan bir ko. ise löyle:<br />
nUlmaslnda da, "ekonomlk lie<strong>de</strong>r. "Kör Cemal" kod adIJ Halil Kaya,<br />
"Ebubeldr" kod adIJHalil Atae,<br />
DIYARBAKIR, (MIL-HA) /ere saldm/masl" istendi. Oergi<strong>de</strong><br />
Ip IKK'mn askeri kolu AROK' Apo'ya atfen lU sözler yer aldl: '<br />
"Selim" kod adh Fenl AydlO,<br />
nin Oûneydogu Anadolu "Ekonomlk yatmm/ar balkl<br />
"Ber<strong>de</strong>!,' kod adh Mustafa<br />
Bölgesi'nin b81lna g<strong>et</strong>irilen yozla~fmyor. Davadan unklallm.<br />
.1{öo<strong>de</strong>m.<br />
"BotID" kod adIJ Nlum<strong>et</strong>liD Tali yor. Bu ne<strong>de</strong>nle TC'nln övünç kayörgût<br />
inilitanlanna "TraDsit yolla. na~ GAP Ile ötekl öoemll teslslera<br />
maym dÖjeylD, ekooomik be<strong>de</strong>(. re, uluslarar151 traoslt yollara ~al. olarak.bilinen yeni AROK sorumlu.<br />
Örgûtün' en aClmaSIZelemanlan<br />
lere yöoellk saldmlara h8ZlrlanlO" dmlar dUzeolemellslolz."<br />
lanOln ilb811ßa gelir gelmez, Apo ile<br />
emri verdi. Oergi<strong>de</strong>, Apo'nun AROK yöne. b8Z1konularda lers dûilûkleri <strong>de</strong> ög:<br />
PKK'run için<strong>de</strong>ki çekilmeler ne. licilerine gön<strong>de</strong>rdigi lU mesaja da renildi. AROK'ciler kendi birimleri<br />
<strong>de</strong>niyle, kadro<strong>de</strong>gi~iklikleri <strong>de</strong> slk. yer verildi:<br />
için "SIV8~ Kooseyl" <strong>de</strong>yioùni kullanmaya<br />
ballaYlOca, Öcalao bu du-<br />
181 ma ya b81ladJ. Orgûtün !i<strong>de</strong>ri Ab- "KUrdlstan'da her alle<strong>de</strong>o blr<br />
dullab ÖcalaD'1ß (Apo) direktifiyle, klllyi mutlaka SlnanOlza kazaDIO. ruma itiraz eUi. Ögrenildigine göre<br />
AROK'nin Oûneydogu sorumlula. Buouo YÖDtem/nl.slz bellrleylo. Apo, "SIVI~ Konseyl" <strong>de</strong>yiminin<br />
n da, lamamen <strong>de</strong>giltirildi. Yeni so. Am. mutlaka kazaodmn. KürdJs. sa<strong>de</strong>ce Merkez Kooùlesi emriyle kuJlaßllabileceßjni<br />
belinti. Nlzam<strong>et</strong>llD<br />
rumlu Nlzam<strong>et</strong>llo Tal'1ß, maY1ßh tao'dakl gençlerin askere g1tmelesabotajlann<br />
bundan böyle köy ko. rinl eD2elleylo."<br />
Tal ve öteki ARGK böige sarumlulannlO<br />
bu ikaza "j1mdJllk" uyduk-<br />
rucuJanrun ve askeri <strong>de</strong>vriyelerin ge- PKK'n1ß $arihurfa-Mardin ara.<br />
lip geçtigi tali yollarda s1ßlThblra. s1ßda, Ipek Yolu'nda girilligi son Ian da edinilen bil~ler araslOda.<br />
kllmamas1ßl, transit yollan da kap. köprû sabolajl da, bu emrin gereßj.<br />
samaS1ß1 istedigi ögrenildi<br />
nin yerine g<strong>et</strong>irilmeye b81landJ8Jlek-<br />
APo'NUN MESAJI lin<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>gerlendiriliyor.<br />
PKK li<strong>de</strong>ri Abdullah Öcalao' AROK'nin SOnlmlll m'''~''''"'.-<br />
TercWnan<br />
3 bin Türk<br />
iran'da<br />
bekllyor<br />
BOIümka,.,.: E~i ve iki çoctJQu ile birlikte<br />
il< 13aQdat'm baskici rejimin<strong>de</strong>n kaçan Ekrem<br />
ÇobanoOlu. 9 gOn katlr Slrtlnda tehlikeli bir<br />
l<br />
kaçl~tan soma Iran'a ula~tl. Iran'da klavuz<br />
Kartler'e 3 milyon lira veren ÇobanoQlu Hakkâri'ye<br />
ula~t1<br />
1'8r1c kIWInu: Irak rejiminin KerkOk TOrkleri'ne<br />
uyguladlQI baskl da son sathaya ula~tl.<br />
.Zorla askere allmp Iran cephesin<strong>de</strong> ön satlara<br />
atllan TOrkler, ölOme yollamrken, KerkOk'te<br />
kalanlar da sOrgOne gön<strong>de</strong>riliyor<br />
Cengiz ALTAY<br />
AMSUN, (Tercüman)- Irak hükûm<strong>et</strong>inin KerkOk~<br />
Ste y~yan TUrkler'e karSI yaptl~1 baskl ve zorbah~lara<br />
dayanamayan bir soydCl$lmlzdaha bOtUn serv<strong>et</strong>lni<br />
buak.arak esi ve iki çocu~ ile birlikte Türkiye'ye kaçtl.<br />
KerkUk'ten kaçarken katlf slrtmda 9 gUn sUren yolculuktan<br />
sonra iran topraklanna geçmeyi basaran Ekrew<br />
Çobanotlu admdaki soydCl$lm!zburada ~ 'l1.i1y~n<br />
'ira verdi~i KUrtler nel.ar<strong>et</strong>in<strong>de</strong> Hakkâri'ye geçc:rek 11-<br />
14.10.87<br />
giliier<strong>de</strong>n iltica talebin<strong>de</strong> bulundu.<br />
Hakkâri Valili~ tarafmdan bir hafta misafir edildikten<br />
sonra bir polis ekibi ile Samsun'a gön<strong>de</strong>rilen Ekrem<br />
ÇobaDotIa,esi ve iki 1uz çocuAu ik birlikt.ebir ot.ele<br />
yerleserek iltica taIebinincevablIll<br />
bek1emeye b~ladl.<br />
Esi ~ 1uzIan 6 )'ll$lJldaki Göniil ve 4 yasmdaki Dar.<br />
na ile birlikte Kerkük'ten iran'a katsr slrtmda 9 gOn<br />
sUren yolculuktan sonra kaçma)'l bCl$&'dlklanmsöyleyen<br />
sOY~lm1Z,1èrcüman'da ya)'lmlanan KerkUk'teki<br />
TUrkler'e baskl ve zorbalIk yaptldtlt yolundaki haberi<br />
do~rulayarak sUnian anIatts:<br />
"Irak hükOm<strong>et</strong>i Kerkük'teId lftÇ TürkIer'i rom askere<br />
alarak tran œphesin<strong>de</strong> en ön<strong>de</strong> .. ~ siirüyor.<br />
Y~h olanlardan Ise orduya yardun diyerek paraIannl<br />
ellenn<strong>de</strong>n rorla allyor. Son olarak blzlen Kerkük' ten<br />
dajtltmak için blzlm yaptud1jtUDlZ7 aua.iyi ve nlenminn<br />
büyük blr IusDUDI J1karak <strong>de</strong>miryolu battl kurdular.<br />
Daba önœ nüfus cüzdlllllanmwla yanlt 01..<br />
"Osmanh Türk" ..... -tlerlai ..... "Arap" ,..wU'.<br />
Tercümaa gu<strong>et</strong>ellala yaadatJ phlldam ed.lIen ve tutuldanaD<br />
Türl<strong>de</strong>r arasmela beaJ.m lid akrabam WI. lieD<br />
Irak'ta müteabbitiik yaptyonlua. .. ale .... 110 mI)"OD<br />
lira param, nlm ve lid otomobUim vardi. KerkÜk'teD<br />
kaçmalDlf olsaydlm ,imd.lye kadar çoktan <strong>et</strong>lm ve çoculdanmJa<br />
blrllkte eslr kamplanna gjtmlttik."<br />
Samsun'un Kadtköy mahallesin<strong>de</strong> bir el.'tutan 36 yasmdaki<br />
Ekrem çobanojtlu, kaçarken yanma aldlgl 15<br />
milyon Iiramn bitti~ni <strong>de</strong> belirterek vatilikten yardtm<br />
ve is isteyecegini söyledi. Ekrem Çobaaojtlu, "lraD'da<br />
blzlm glbl Kerkük'ten kaçan 3 bin kadar Türk var. KIlavuzlu"<br />
yapan Kürtler'e verecek udar paralan olmacbtmdaD<br />
Thridye'ye gelemiyorlar. YaDIIDaaldatllD bütÜD.paraml<br />
kalavuzluk )'&pan Kürt)er aldl" ~I"P:M<br />
<strong>de</strong> konustu.
•<br />
14.10.87<br />
-Slddlk Bilgin<br />
i$i
•<br />
tit<br />
14. 1 0 .87<br />
ImUII ~IIII: PKK'nln .. Idlnl.nndan bIllIIn Bltly.n .,Ire" m.n,upl.", "Artlk ."mlld. kiln dM" Ylr. IntlkllmlmlZi muff.1ta ,18c~1Z, d6-<br />
kOI.n kIInl."mlz ,.rd. kIIlmly8C.k" .. kllnd •• nd lçll.<br />
HÖlllll<strong>et</strong>tIa LUlANFIL<br />
tIllT. ('Ièrdlmu). Coban<strong>de</strong>-<br />
katliAmJile birlikte, 30 renü<br />
Sre<br />
PKK milltanlanmn 8ClmssIZ<br />
kWJUIl!anna he<strong>de</strong>r olan Batiyan<br />
~ii<strong>et</strong>i "mensuplan "DeYI<strong>et</strong> IIWJ.<br />
lanmJD Ikb, ~ otelllllUk<br />
liWwIa, d bombuow, fi töfe-<br />
IlIle Iwp lIDymQI ÇIbpJonu"<br />
<strong>de</strong>diler.<br />
Bir )'1Idan beri Stmak bolaesin<strong>de</strong><br />
PKK'nin he<strong>de</strong>fi haline ,elen<br />
Batiyan ~ir<strong>et</strong>inin <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in<br />
silAh vermeaJ halin<strong>de</strong> terOristlere<br />
kArtl amanllZ mUca<strong>de</strong>le e<strong>de</strong>cekieri<br />
yolundaki iltekieri. nr.<br />
CÜIIIaII'da geçtÏlimlz aQnler<strong>de</strong><br />
sUrmllllJClten verllmiJtl.<br />
Haber<strong>de</strong>, ,or11Jlc:rinl ~<br />
~irel mensuplan, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in silAh<br />
vermesi halin<strong>de</strong> kendilerini rahalhkla<br />
savunabileceklerini,<br />
muhtemel saldmlan gOzkJrpmadan<br />
pUskürtebileceklerini, rakal<br />
saVUDID8S1Z durumda oldukian<br />
için, sllrekli oekil<strong>de</strong> can kaybl<br />
verm~ <strong>de</strong>vam <strong>et</strong>tiklerini bildlr.<br />
mislerdi. KOyluJer, PKK'dan in.<br />
!ibm almak için yemin eltiklerini<br />
<strong>de</strong> sOllerine ekiemislerdi.<br />
bu haber<strong>de</strong>n çok bsa sonra,<br />
Uç gUn Once yine Batiyan ~-<br />
line ail Çoban<strong>de</strong>re mezrasi<br />
PKK'mn saldmsma he<strong>de</strong>r oldu.<br />
OçU çocuk 13 vatan~ vahsk.e<br />
katledilirken, 9'u da çqilli yerlerinc¥n<br />
yaraJandl.<br />
?qir<strong>et</strong> reisleri Salt Demir ve iki<br />
arka~mdan soora, PKK milltanlan,<br />
SlrlISlYIa, Karageçil kOyün<strong>de</strong><br />
geçen )'116, bu )'117, çirtekavak<br />
kOytln<strong>de</strong>2 ve Kasrik Solazl'nda<br />
da Baliyanh'YI<br />
öidürdU. Hain saldmlarda. ~ir<strong>et</strong>e<br />
ail 250 b~ hayvan da teler<br />
oidu.<br />
IUUI DAvAillz VAR<br />
Baliyan ~ir<strong>et</strong>in<strong>de</strong>n Kulm<br />
AJdat, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in ellerin<strong>de</strong>ki siIAh-<br />
Ian aldtIuu kay<strong>de</strong>dcrek. "PU.<br />
uamu:da artlk !wi dl. YU.<br />
bd taraftaD blrt bldDc:eye uw<br />
<strong>de</strong>>'UI e<strong>de</strong>œk. ßatka yoln yok"<br />
<strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Aklaf, Çoban<strong>de</strong>re<br />
katliAmtm<br />
da sOyle anlalll:<br />
"AyDJ IDaI'llda oluruyoruz.<br />
0I8y pcaI, bb u.,. köJddd akrabalanmm<br />
z1yu<strong>et</strong>e &I....... Uk.<br />
Bir ... k6ydn bolD_ ft IIWJ<br />
sealer! dnyda.k. Uy<strong>de</strong>. limer<br />
yliludl)"ordu. SlliIlIanmm aIa-<br />
.rail kö)"e kOftuk. Ne \'IIr kA, lilli-<br />
talarl kaJII fi tllfell kullaaabr<br />
au, eoruyonam ,<strong>et</strong>klWere1 qer<br />
'Ev<strong>et</strong>' dI1ortaru, ,dip blze 6,.<br />
aek oIsuDIar. Etbya, zayd oIeIntumaz,<br />
IßIUIIDUI.I bulUDdapmu<br />
mezn ft köy\eft aldmyor.<br />
BIz <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>teD silD ladyoruz.<br />
Bu kau ~ lçID liIlb -a-sI<br />
sartm."<br />
Bu arada. lçisieri Bakam Abm<strong>et</strong><br />
SeIçù, Çuban<strong>de</strong>re mezraslna<br />
gi<strong>de</strong>rek vatan~lardan olay<br />
hakk1nda bilgi a1dt. SeIçuk, zao<br />
rar iOrenlere ,erekli yardmun b<br />
sa zamanda yapJ1acaluu bildirdi<br />
Sdpak'un incelemelerino:Emniyel<br />
Genei MUdürü Saff<strong>et</strong> An-<br />
UD Bedök ve OlaianOsIO Hal<br />
BOige Valisi HI)'ri ~otIa<br />
da kallidt.<br />
Öle yandan. teItlristlerin yaka-<br />
IIIIUIIII blr ... t1lk JOI ftrdL BIz<br />
0IlQ'8 adIaœJe kadIr .. bç-<br />
DIII1L"<br />
Batiyan ~ YIroI ailesln<strong>de</strong>n<br />
~Id YIroI da savunma-<br />
SIZbuak1ldtkianm One sürerek,<br />
e,klyaDln Kala$nikoruna, el<br />
bombalanna. av lor<strong>et</strong>i fie karJl<br />
koymamn imk4nJ1Z oldulunu<br />
sOyledi.<br />
Ellerin<strong>de</strong>kl siIAhlann <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> tarafmdan<br />
almmaalDa bir anIam<br />
veremediJin.l kay<strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong>n VaroI, 1an.nwJ için IÜvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>lerinin<br />
b~lal!J1J operasyonlar<br />
DOyle<strong>de</strong>vam <strong>et</strong>d:<br />
"Çob.a<strong>de</strong>re'dl 61cl1riieD Eruh bolaesine kaydmldt. Çoban<strong>de</strong>re'~<br />
yak1n Asmactk, Ci-<br />
Allt 6ub. ellacleld .. tt1fe1ll1e<br />
~ brp koyda. So... dI vlhean. OUnesli, Damlarca, KOsbeyli<br />
ye Durmuslu kOyleri çem-<br />
bu .. kartIuJ oIda Te Ila1atuu<br />
kayb<strong>et</strong>tL HIç IC.~"_ ...... bere iWnarak. yolun aramaIar<br />
sUrdürU!Uyor.<br />
"... nu.Y,<br />
... KoaUCU YARALI<br />
Binaol' Un Gen ç lIçesin<strong>de</strong>, hO-<br />
IOcU <strong>et</strong>bya lle IlOvenllk kuvv<strong>et</strong>leri<br />
iraJmda sillhlt Ç8l1fma Ç1k-<br />
!J. "MuhabirimJz Arif Ataf'ln haberine<br />
,OR, BinaOi'Un Oenç qçai<br />
Seivi bucaJma baIh Dlrekli kOyü<br />
yakmiannda, dUn lUI 09.00<br />
straIannda ,Orüico ve "Dv"lhtanna<br />
uymayan bir arup böiUcü<br />
<strong>et</strong>bya ile IÜvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>ieri arasmda<br />
siWtb çal1pna Ç1ku. ÇallJmada<br />
kDy koruCUlubid F.rek ile<br />
ssllubay Abdul... Öll<strong>de</strong>r Y1Iralandt.<br />
68<br />
.~..,. ~"'.<br />
YOREK YAKAN At!TLAR: Çob.nd.re'd. be,lktlkl beb .. lnl, g.nç, J.,h 13 ,.lelnlnl kiybed.n ,OreGI Jlrlh enMlertn lery.llan<br />
aOllla~ dlnm.k bllmlyor. "Bill dOny.d. dlr1 dlr1 yaklyor1". EfkIY'Y' .lem.1e nrl.ydlk, ,.m.k ¥.rI.ydlle bunl.r oTmach. V.1i Am'm, Leyl"m'<br />
HUlI'lm ... Inllk.mlnll Ic.bl n. um.n 'IIn.c.k?" , .. r.r1 blr d'Od.n dIO@r1n.,.nkll.nlp duruyor. '
• • Hürriu<strong>et</strong><br />
-'- 15.10.87<br />
~ teroristi öldüren Ali Sanli, can güvenllgi Istiyor<br />
Kahraman korucu<br />
Nlzam ÖZEKiNCi dan once lerorisllerle çal1~maya<br />
giren \'e .3 lerorisli cil.<br />
IIRT (hha)- ~lrnaK 11- lJUTllugUIIUsoyieyell koy koru-<br />
Sçesi'n~ bagil ])erelçi Koyu' ,usi"nd,'<br />
~aptlgl konufllTlada. can L)rkusu<br />
ta~l\ an. gon" 1111 ~)\ ~-ll...-<br />
)ll\anlann. op('rH:,~()nah('n rlr .<br />
rilmemesi 2er('klJ~mll hatalann<br />
\ ml'lt'nnwmc~ml bt".yt'rl'j., 13<br />
15.10.87<br />
da katlld... '-----1<br />
içllieri BakanlDogu'dakl Vallier zlrresln<strong>de</strong> konupu:<br />
'.Göreve Dymayanlarl<br />
ba,la lulmaYIO"<br />
• Can korkusu ta~lyan gbrevillerin op~rasyona<br />
gön<strong>de</strong>rilmemeslnl Isteyen lçl~len Bakam<br />
Selcuk. "Milli butùnlùgùmùz saz konusu<br />
olùnca her ~ey gen<strong>de</strong> kallr" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
"'ll'" ,dlledll
•<br />
16.10.87<br />
• Weizstleeker';n vtltl,rg"ntln sözlerini EI/ren van.t/ad!<br />
Ankara'da soguk dU!j<br />
• Nur BATUR 8 ANKARA eWelzsaeCKer'ln SÖzlerlne dolayll yamt geldi. KonuK Devl<strong>et</strong> 8a$:
..<br />
•<br />
eflrnak Ile Uludcre'dr a~;'('t'rl' 1111,00''"'tcr'( p-d;V""<br />
KOrku göçü<br />
. 'II . H<br />
• Seyf<strong>et</strong>tin ÖZGEZER<br />
• UlUDERE/~IRNAK (Mil-HA)<br />
KK'mn yogunve kanll basp<br />
kmlanna he<strong>de</strong>falan ~Irnak<br />
œJ<br />
yöresindrkimem_'arlaI II"<br />
<strong>de</strong>reköylhin<strong>de</strong>~biJ)'iik[>irf.Jç b~ladJ.<br />
Hakkâri'nin Ulu<strong>de</strong>re ilçesine<br />
bagiJIJlkvmn k[)yÜ, hemenhemen<br />
tiim<strong>de</strong>n bo~aldLKöy erkeklerinin,<br />
korueu olmalan iiin yaptlantekliflerigeriçe\'irdikJerivegäçkarJn<br />
aldlklan<br />
ögrenildi,<br />
~lfnak'ta da, mezralardayal3'<br />
)ar Baii;:an ,~!~~ti'":1t:rQThr- g(}Ç~<br />
;i :::r! ...hlyorlCi;.<br />
~lK~~'r1l:l geçtlgim~z günlerdf<br />
~!i '!~~j !~i a:.n baç;t:!:ida Batuyan<br />
a~'r'::ind('n 22 ~i~iöjdürüimu~fü<br />
,,\~ir<strong>et</strong>rri
•<br />
Tercüm.an<br />
318 muht~r<br />
Blnlö~ Va~~$i<br />
ile ta~I,11<br />
17.10.87<br />
Üç gündür Bingöl'<strong>de</strong> peri-<br />
~an olduklanm, sa<strong>de</strong>ce <strong>de</strong>rt<br />
ve dileklerini duyurmak için<br />
sabr<strong>et</strong>tiklerini bildiren muhtarlar,<br />
~öyle <strong>de</strong>diler:<br />
"Vati Bey, 'Biz terörle müca<strong>de</strong>le<br />
ediyoruz' <strong>de</strong>yip gitti.<br />
Hiz rnuhlarlar, iki ale~ arae<br />
sIUda kaldnk. Bir taraflan e~-<br />
!(Iyanln saldmlarma he<strong>de</strong>f<br />
olurken, diger yandan Jandarma<br />
Alay Komutanhgl biz!<br />
s!kn~tmyor. Her köye 10<br />
BiNGÖL, (Tercürnlln).<br />
31B köy muhtan, muhtarlann<br />
sorumluluklan, görevleri<br />
ve kar~lla~uklan problemlain<br />
konu edildi~i seminer<strong>de</strong>,<br />
Vali GÜller Orbay klzarak.<br />
toplanuYI yanm blraku.<br />
Orbay, seminer<strong>de</strong> yaptlgl<br />
klsa konu~m:adan soma, ba-<br />
ZI daire müdürleriyle toplantlYI<br />
~Qq~.-<br />
terkedinee, muhtarlar<br />
Özelldare Müdürü'nün üzeri<br />
ne yürüdü.<br />
19.10.87<br />
~OnJ~1II bj1lmak zorunda 01-'<br />
dllj!lImuzlI söylüyor. Bize<br />
bask! yaplyor. Kö)'ürnüzü koruyamazsak,<br />
hakklmIZda ka-<br />
[fmoli ~Iem yapJlacagml söylüyor.<br />
Biz kirne hizrn<strong>et</strong> yapahm?<br />
,;<br />
Hûrriu<strong>et</strong><br />
-<br />
19.10.87<br />
PKK, kÖy bast.: 1 ölü<br />
• Diele'nin Ye~i1slrt Köyü'nü bas an teroristler, köy muhtanm<br />
. öldürüp, e~i ve 3 çocugunu da yaralayarak, kaçlilar ...<br />
D tCL~ jDiy,!r~ak~r), PIY~ ~~8!lrn.;Ihtai m e~i ~9ra-<br />
(hha,- U'J~' ~~" ... " - ,,--<br />
tIçesi'ne ba~h Ye~ilsrrt Köy. ~~~ <strong>et</strong>tiler. Daha santa da eve<br />
ü'nü basan oir grup PKK mili- girerek muhtar ve 3 çocugunu<br />
tam, Köy Muhtarl Mehm<strong>et</strong> otomalik silahla taradllar.<br />
Devr~oglu'nu öldürdü, e~i ve Baskmda Muhtar Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
3 çocugunu da agIr yaraladllar.. Devri~oglu hayatml kaybe--<br />
Dün ak!l8ffi saat 19.00 sua. <strong>de</strong>rken, e~i Sabiha, çocuklan<br />
lannda bir grup PKK militam, 18 y~mdaki tclal, 22 y~m-<br />
600 nüfuslu Y~ilS1rl Köyü'nü daki Naciye ve 13 ya~mdaki<br />
çembere aldl. tkinci bir grup Ay~e agir yaralandl. Yarahlar<br />
ise Muhtar Mehm<strong>et</strong> Devri- Diele Devl<strong>et</strong> Hastanesi'ne kaI.<br />
~Iu'nun evini sardl. Evin dlTllarak tedavi allmo ahnd!.<br />
ka[J1slnI çalan leroristler. ka-<br />
19.10.87<br />
~ . " ' , . .<br />
Ne~l!'iig oydlnlatma<br />
Hilmi OÏlŒN<br />
G<br />
o i~IŒNDERUN (Mil-HA)<br />
IT IURKIYE Elektrik Kurumu<br />
Hassa ilçesin<strong>de</strong>n ba~layarak<br />
274 kilom<strong>et</strong>relik Türkiye.<br />
Suriye smInm Illklandlrma çah~malanna<br />
ba~hyor. Y<strong>et</strong>kililer, smlr boyunea<br />
güçlü neon lambalanyla aYe<br />
dmlalma yapllaeagml bildirdiler.<br />
Halay Valisi Sa mi O)"tun. konuyla<br />
ilgili lU bilgileri verdi:<br />
. "Bölge<strong>de</strong> görevIi birliklerimizin<br />
!eçhizall eksiksizdir. TEK, smlr bo-<br />
)"unda 1!lklandlrma çall!malanna<br />
önümüz<strong>de</strong>ki günler<strong>de</strong> ba!la)'aeaktlr.,t<br />
Güneydogu'da PKK<br />
iran'dan SIZIP eylem<br />
yap.y" ~<br />
19.10.87<br />
C Türk-Irak p<strong>et</strong>ro! boru hattml mayrnladl<br />
PKK'dan sabotaj<br />
• patlaYlcmm daha önce köprü sabotaJmda kullanllan PKK<br />
Imalat! "yag tenekesl maYIn" oldugu bellrlendJ<br />
• Mar.d!n'in Idil-Midvat i/çeleri araslnda boru hattrna yerle~tlnlen<br />
maVin, 60 santim <strong>de</strong>rinligin<strong>de</strong> bir çukur açtl<br />
'. . .' .... MARDiN (Mil-HA)<br />
Ipj KK mlh{~nlannea, MaNlin'lO Idil île Midyal ilçcleri arasmda ge.<br />
. çen Turkiye.lr~k p<strong>et</strong>r~1 b~ru haft:na dö;enen maYlOln patlamasl<br />
sonucu 60 santlmelrehk blr çukur açlldl, aneak herhangi bir zao<br />
rar meydnna gclmedi. .<br />
Edir-ilen bilgiyc göre, PKK militanlannea pel roi boru hnttlOlO. Mar.<br />
din:.ill .!dll re Mi~):al ilçeleri araslOdan geçen -Yay'van köyü yaklOlOdaki<br />
bolumune yerleltJr;len bir maylO, öneeki geee patladl. Patlamada boru<br />
hatt:n1O altl.nd~ 60 santim<strong>et</strong>re <strong>de</strong>rinligin<strong>de</strong> bir çukur açlld!, aneak boruda<br />
herhangl blr hasar meydana gelmedi,<br />
Türkiye-Irak p<strong>et</strong>rol boru hattJna yerleltirilen maYlOm, bir süre önee<br />
~anllurra.'nl~ CeYlanpmm~i!çesin<strong>de</strong> Cey'lanpmar.Mardin kara yoluna dö.<br />
jenen ve yag teoekeslOlO lçlOe ycrleltiri)en patlay~]larla yapllan maylO'<br />
lar!n benzeri oldugu belirlendi. Maymin tahrip güeü yüksek olmasma<br />
~agmen, borunun alti toprak zemin oldugundan ve iyi yerle!tirilemedi.<br />
gm<strong>de</strong>n boru hattma zarar verm~digj ögrenildi.<br />
Patlamamn meydana geldigi Idil.Midyat ilçeleri araslOdaki bölge<strong>de</strong><br />
hehkopterler <strong>de</strong>stegin<strong>de</strong>, özel harekât timleri ve komando birliklerinee<br />
ballatJlan geni$ çaph ooerasvonlar <strong>de</strong>vam edivor. .<br />
Slnlrlmlzda cani kampi<br />
• Yakup ÖZYILDIZ<br />
ranti~i veriyo~lar. Y<strong>et</strong>kili smcle~,<br />
• ERZURUM (MiL-HA) ~KK mn bugu~.e k~dar duzenledi-<br />
. gI eylellÙer<strong>de</strong>,$u'lenn hemen hemen<br />
IpI KK'mn en büyük ve en hiç he<strong>de</strong>f ahnmamaslmn da ilgi çeönem1i<br />
kamplanndan biri- kid oldugumi dikkat çekivorlar.<br />
nin, tran'da, smmnuza sa- BAZI KANITlAR .<br />
<strong>de</strong>ce 20 Kilom<strong>et</strong>re uzakhktaki Ma- Güvenlik y<strong>et</strong>kililerin<strong>de</strong>n ahnan,<br />
ko kenti yakmmda bulundugu ög. bilgilere göre, son zamanlarda ev.<br />
renildi. le~erini Dop An.dolu bölgesiile<br />
Mako'daki PKK kamplru, "Ag. <strong>de</strong> kayduan PKK'run, bu bölge<strong>de</strong>.<br />
n canavan" diye tanlnan azÙ1 PKK yakaJanan bw militanlanrun ùzcr.<br />
militam Ab~<strong>et</strong> Keslp'in yön<strong>et</strong>tigi lerin<strong>de</strong> Iran yaptsl giysiler,lran pa.<br />
belirtiliyor. Ogrenildigine göre, Ab. raJan ve Iran kaynakh silahlar<br />
m<strong>et</strong> Kesip yön<strong>et</strong>imin<strong>de</strong>k.i PKK mi- bulundu.<br />
litanlan, son zamanlarda Agn Da. Mako'daki PKK kampmda,<br />
~ <strong>et</strong>eklerin<strong>de</strong>ki yerle~im birimlerin. Ahm<strong>et</strong> Keslp'in yàm ma, örgütün<br />
<strong>de</strong>, Kars'm AralJk ve Igmr yörele- askeri kanadl ARGK'nin en önem.<br />
rin<strong>de</strong> yogunla~lInlan eylemleri, bu li li<strong>de</strong>rlerin<strong>de</strong>n Abm<strong>et</strong> Tosun'un da<br />
kamptan s~rB!< gerçe~~riyorlar. bulundugu belirtiliyor. TOlun,<br />
Allnan bllgIlere gare Iran ma. 1985'te Agn Da~'run Mibtepe mev.<br />
kamI~, Mako'~ ~KK ~amplrun kiin<strong>de</strong> güvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>lepyle girilvarhgIna<br />
ve faaliy<strong>et</strong>lenne gaz yumu. tigi çalllmada yaralannul sag koyorl~r.<br />
Kamptaki PKK militanlan- lu felç olmu~tu. Bu ne<strong>de</strong>nle TOlun'<br />
nm, Inm mak~annd~, bannm~- un silahh eyiemlere kau\madi~, tak-<br />
OInl'am ma, gIyeeek, Ylyeeekve SI' tik ve strateji illerini üstlendigi ög.<br />
lah yardlml gördükleri <strong>de</strong> öne SÜ. renildi.<br />
rÜlüyo!. Iddiaya g~r~, bu <strong>de</strong>stek Erzurum'daki iran y<strong>et</strong>kilileri<br />
kar~llIgmda PKK mthtanlan Iran- Ise, PKK'mn Mako kampl konu-<br />
Wara Türklye'<strong>de</strong>ki eylemlerin<strong>de</strong> ~ii sunda s
..<br />
•<br />
Örgütten aynlan Ferzanda<br />
görüldügü yar<strong>de</strong> vurulacak<br />
PKK'dan.ölüm emri<br />
•<br />
P•• 'lIa ,62011M<br />
'_<br />
Ön<strong>de</strong> gélenmllltanlardan olan "Sinan" kod adll Ferzan<strong>de</strong> Zuhurlu'nun<br />
gOVenlik kuw<strong>et</strong>larina tasllm olmasrndan va itlraflarda bulunmaslndan korkan<br />
PKK, "ölOm amrl" Clkarttl<br />
19.10.87<br />
IYARBAKIR- Dol\u ve<br />
~Gil~.ogU ~~:i~olu.b:-Igestn~1@IIlI<br />
ey,cinlcrl!1; Ge-<br />
'lam i:ùiiii" M!üeU ~~bya<br />
men stJijfàn, a r;~Ia rind a ki<br />
"çözülme"<strong>de</strong>n dolay; son<br />
gOnler<strong>de</strong> panik içine dil~l!!ler.<br />
PKK'ntn ön<strong>de</strong> gelcnlerin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
alan 'Ie bir sOre önee örgOtten<br />
aynlan "Sinan" kod<br />
adh Ferzan<strong>de</strong> Zubarlu'nun,<br />
gUvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>ierine teslim<br />
olmasmdan ve itiranarda bulunmastndan<br />
korkan bölUcü<br />
qklya, bu ki~i için ölOm emri<br />
Çl kartu.<br />
MAYIII DOt.D .....<br />
Öle yandan Mardin'in Idi!-<br />
Midyal ilçeleri arasmdaki<br />
lrak.:rtirkiye p<strong>et</strong>rol born haltl<br />
yakmmdan geçen yola, PKK<br />
tarafmdan maym dö~endi.<br />
Yayvanlepe köyi1 yakmlanndaki<br />
Irak-TUrkiye p<strong>et</strong>rol<br />
boru haiti yakmlarmdan geçen<br />
yoIa dö~enen J7 kilogramhk<br />
yaA tenekeleri için<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
maymlar, öneeki gUn ak-<br />
~am saat 18,00 siralarmda infilâk<br />
eui. Patlama sonucu<br />
yolda 60 santÎm<strong>et</strong>re <strong>de</strong>rinli-<br />
Ain<strong>de</strong> çukur açlldl, ancak can<br />
kayblßm olmadJAI belirtildi.<br />
Öte yandan bölUeU e~kt~l,<br />
Siirt'in ~Irnak ilçesinc baAh<br />
Dereler köyi!n<strong>de</strong> oturan 4 vatand~1<br />
baskm yaparak kaçlrdl.<br />
Bu arada, 2 YIIönce PKK<br />
militaßl Ahm<strong>et</strong> Keslp taraflndan<br />
kaçmlan ameaoAlu Musa<br />
Kesip'in gOvenlik kuvvnlerine<br />
teslim olmaslßdan ~o \-<br />
Vi'l~ n"~' !:i~i faraflßd n<br />
kaÇinlarak mIlitan ~i$tirik-n<br />
Pap lin", Mèhmel Akl~ ve<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Kaplan isimli terörist-<br />
1er <strong>de</strong> gUvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>lerine<br />
teslim oldular,<br />
N<br />
Ar.un<br />
UNSAl<br />
ANTES. (Hürriy<strong>et</strong>)-<br />
meni ,'e Kürt prop.~gan-<br />
Er-<br />
,h'l yaplt~l lddi8Slyla geçtiginllZ<br />
Ii "aziran'da $anhuna'<br />
da lUlukland,klan.sonra yarglç<br />
onune çlkanlan ve 5 Ekim'<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
,;on duru~masmda Türkiye'<br />
<strong>de</strong>n çlkmamak k~luyl8 serhe,;l<br />
blrakllan Frans,z rehber<br />
Jean Michel Caraminot'<br />
\.u. lstanbul'da kaYlplara karl~ltklan<br />
""nra geldtgl Fransa'<br />
ntn Nantes Kenli'n<strong>de</strong> bulup<br />
konu~n ilk Turk gazeleci,<br />
Hürriy<strong>et</strong> muhabiri oldu,<br />
Caraminot, Hürriy<strong>et</strong>'e<br />
"Türkiye'dpn aynlwm, ama<br />
Turk 'adal<strong>et</strong>in<strong>de</strong>n kaçmadlm<br />
çünkü, masum 01-<br />
du~uma inamyorum. Da-<br />
Yam glvablmda da gÖl'Ülebilir,<br />
TÜrk adal<strong>et</strong>inin benim<br />
suçsuzluguma karar verecej1;ini<br />
umuyorum, Ne Ermeni.<br />
ne <strong>de</strong> Kürt propagandaSl<br />
yaphm, Davamm d~mesini<br />
dcgil. tersine sonuçlandlnlmaSlftl<br />
arzuluyorum,<br />
beraat e<strong>de</strong>cegime inamyorum.<br />
Bir gün, elb<strong>et</strong>te ba-<br />
J;lm dik. almm açtk olarak<br />
yeni<strong>de</strong>n Türkiye'ye lte1eœ-<br />
~im" <strong>de</strong>dI<br />
Caraminot'un: <strong>Paris</strong>'e<br />
~oo kilom<strong>et</strong>re uzakhktaki<br />
Nantes Kenü'nin yakm banli-<br />
\usli Saint Phildar Belediye<br />
Ba~kan YardtmClsl babasl<br />
Marcel Caraminot \'(' a/Utesi<br />
Georg<strong>et</strong>te Caraminot ile onœki<br />
sabah <strong>Paris</strong>'ten yapl.-<br />
~llniZ uzun l.el<strong>et</strong>on gorü¥ßelennin<br />
ardmdan. Hürriy<strong>et</strong> mubabiriyle<br />
ka~18ljITlaYI kabul<br />
roen 30 y~ndaki turist rehben,<br />
beraberin<strong>de</strong> ktz kard~i Annick<br />
ile ran<strong>de</strong>\'umuza geldigind..<br />
oldukça mutlu ginükliyordu.<br />
Caraminot, "Ba~dan<br />
tii.m geçenlere ragmen Türkiyt"'ye<br />
w Türk insanma<br />
olan sevgim <strong>de</strong>vam ediyor.<br />
Özellikle Türk baslmmn<br />
yargllanmamm a1eybin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
tutumunu. büvük bir minn<strong>et</strong>le<br />
daima anacagun. BaZI<br />
kamu görevlilerin hatall<br />
yakla~mlanm Ise hep hayrct<br />
'le üzüntüyle ka~llayacaglm"<br />
<strong>de</strong>di,<br />
Turk eezaedprinin "Midnight<br />
Express"nin IGeœya-<br />
TISI Eksp,esi I çirkin goruntulenyl"<br />
hlçbir ilgisimn oimadlgml.<br />
!e"'lne lutukh..:gunlerin<strong>de</strong> çev-<br />
,,'sln<strong>de</strong>n gordugu yakmlIgl hiç<br />
unulamayaeaglnl behrtti.<br />
Caraminot. "tstanbul'<br />
dan nasll kaçtlmz?" sorumuzu<br />
i", œ\apslZ blraktl. "Bunu<br />
bana lütf"n sormaymlZ. Bir<br />
gün gelir açlklanm. Ama<br />
~imdilik. beni mazur görim"<br />
dive kQnu~tu. Caraminot.<br />
tUluksuz yargllanmaslna<br />
i1i~kin kararln ardtndan<br />
kendisine pa
• ,.<br />
ik~l{{;tçiI~~~~;tliler19.10.87<br />
SHP'<strong>de</strong>n ve YSK'<strong>de</strong>n veLe)yjyell Nur<strong>et</strong>ti Il Ylllnaz,<br />
Il~~~!~e~<br />
74<br />
n Say.n Yllmaz, Ilginç oIaylar ya,am., gruplar' tarahndan sevol'yorsa, oy !oplamay, "z ,lmèlÇ gOvenoyu alabllmell Içln blr lek<br />
I.-l blr avultal va Ilyas<strong>et</strong>çisiniz. Son goo. ba,aror. oya bIB muhlaçSlnlz, Beni çukura attllllz,<br />
ler<strong>de</strong> ad,",z kamuoyunun gün<strong>de</strong>mln- Ll bataoa sapiadll'lIz ve yok elmeye çal"lInlz,<br />
<strong>de</strong> Slk Slk yer aldl, Eski bir CHP'li ve "'ireUer araSindaki i1i,kiler genellikle Ama ,Imdl slzln :::,r :'.: :. !~.!".!!dar atmamz<br />
sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokral olarak ANAP'tan nasddlr? Vanl çok geneI<strong>de</strong> soruyo- allz konuau. Ben bu aeler <strong>de</strong> IIze oy vare.<br />
aday oldunuz, AsI,"da geçml,le CHP, r':',"'.•• DoaUuk. dû,manhk glbl ... Çok ceOIm ve alzl bu balaklan kurlaracaOlm",.,<br />
günümüz<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> SHP larallf!dan blr du,manhk var mid,,? Ve Emin Bey, ben Ecevlt'e güvenoyu verd,m.<br />
anlamda "oroz edilen va "'slenme- Tabli her .. ir<strong>et</strong> ölgürdür ve kendi ba,,"a Abdllfkerlm Z11anarkada"m, da ikna ellim.<br />
yen kl,l" olan blr lnsanSlnlz. Böylece harekel e<strong>de</strong>r. Oyle, kan davas,na varan olay- B'l'm oyla',m'lla Ecevll ,klldar oldu. B" veya<br />
aforoz edillnee <strong>de</strong> ANAp'a yana,llf'llz- lar, a,,,eller araslnda pek yoklur, ama dosl- ik, oy larkla hUkùmel oldu Halla 0 günkü<br />
ANAP aday. oIdunuz, aneak bu kez luklar ve dü,manliklar elb<strong>et</strong>te kl gön.ilur. konu,mamllda Ecevll bana. "SaYln VIImaz.<br />
<strong>de</strong> Yilksek Seçim Kurulu slzi v<strong>et</strong>o alze kar,. gerçeklen yanh, davran.,larda<br />
eW. Bul!ün Ilzlnle bu olayla" konu,a. n Slzln oralarda blr a,lrel mensubu, bulunduk. Size kar" maheubum ve bor~lueaglll1_..<br />
Bugüne kadar her zaman so: ~ kendlslnl IInee 0 a,lrelln bir bireyl yum" <strong>de</strong>d,. 0 "Borçluyum" sÖluyle samgörü,lü,<br />
soayal <strong>de</strong>mokral blr lnsan olarak ml görür? yorum bana da b" gun bakanlik vereblleeeil'"<br />
olduOunuzu açoklad,",z. Nasll oluyor Elb<strong>et</strong>te . OrneOin btr Tavan ~"ell mensubu, n, soylemek 'sledl ve halta <strong>de</strong>d, kl. "D~zlüOe<br />
da lnsanlar, kendi görü,lerine lama- "Ben önee Tayan'hy.m~ <strong>de</strong>r. A,oreltnin ismi- ç.kl!OI'!"z,. zaman, s,ze. b~ borcumu o<strong>de</strong>ye.<br />
men ZlI olan parlitere gidip aday ola- n, ve ç,karlanno korur. Onun Ism,noyùceltmek ceg.m. soylemek Isle rom ... Ve beno kap'ya<br />
blliyorlar1 ... CüölU yapan sa<strong>de</strong>ce Ilz ,sler. Kll1lSeI ,eylerin, Iklne, planda lutar kadar ~Ourladl Bulun bunlann ,ahldl Ugur<br />
<strong>de</strong>gitslnlz, Bu oIaYIf'l birçok örneginl ~orel baOlan son <strong>de</strong>reee guçludùr. Mumcu dur...<br />
gördük son ylilarda... (Em;n ÇölafSn'm now: Olaym böy/e oIup<br />
SaYI" Çöl..,an, b'l alleee. 1946 Yllindan beri n Pekl, Mardln'<strong>de</strong> bülÜn a,lreller Kürl oImadlg"" lJgur Mumcu'ya sordum we aynen<br />
CHl"lIy" Ben.m ameam Cizre'<strong>de</strong> y.llarea ~ kökenll mldlr? dogrulad.J .., .•<br />
CHI' ,Içe ba,kanhO' yapt,. ben gençhk kollan Evel Ll'<br />
ba,kanl'!l, yapllm. Bll bunun s,kml.lannohem Sonra, Bülenl Ecevll size bakanhk<br />
Demokral Parli, hem <strong>de</strong> Adalel Parlisi ,kt... n Mardln'<strong>de</strong> bir <strong>de</strong> Arapça konu,an va- leklifln<strong>de</strong> bulundu mu? Herkes bol<br />
danan donemln<strong>de</strong> çok çekllk Hatta CHP'h ~ landa,lar var... Onlarln da a,irellerl kese<strong>de</strong>n bakan yaplldlg.na göre, belolmamln<br />
sonueu olarak 1'!l59 Yllinda "Kürt. oluyor. mu? ki size <strong>de</strong> sera gelmi,lir bir gün ...<br />
çütiik propagandaSl yapmak, yasad.,. Kürl Efendim, Arap unsuru a$oreller yoklur. Aneak Hayor. boyle bor teklll gelmedl. 1979 ara selIrgülü<br />
kurmak" suçlanndan tutuklandlm. Bu Mardin merkel,nln uçte Iklsl .Ie Midyal ve çlmlerin<strong>de</strong> be, tane 00' 1T1Illelvek,lhO.yard,<br />
olaydan Tlirklye genelin<strong>de</strong> 49 k", tulukland,k, Savur ,Içelenntn b" bolümü Arapça konusur, Be"n, <strong>de</strong> Adalel Partlsi kazandl. Eeevit benl<br />
Soma 'da suçsl!Z bulunarak beraat <strong>et</strong>t'm. Ama bunlar,n Arap kökenli olup olmadlklann, v<strong>et</strong>o e<strong>de</strong>rek. Mardln'<strong>de</strong> ben,m yerome Melin<br />
Muaaoglu'ou seçlorm~li Musaoglu CHP'<strong>de</strong>n<br />
.ri Slz,Kürl kökenli misiniz? ben btlmem. EOer Arap kokenh iseler. ona da 'sl,la <strong>et</strong>h ve AP'ye geçl' .. Ve Demlr.' bunlar-<br />
~ saygl duyanm. la Ecevil Hukum<strong>et</strong>,'ni dü,urüp yeno bor hùkumel<br />
kurdu Ben. 0 hokumele r<strong>et</strong> oyu kullan-<br />
Elballa Nurellin Bey... insanlarln kö- dim Eger benlm kls.sel çlkar gib; bor amae,m<br />
Ll kenlne hepimlz saYlll duya"z, Pekl olsaydl. 0 zaman pazarliga glns'p her lurlu<br />
diOer Ilçeler<strong>de</strong> durum nasll<strong>de</strong>r? Ora- olanagl kendlme saglayabll"dlm<br />
larda hang! di. konu,ulur? U K,sa bir sure soma da, Cumhurba,-<br />
DiOer Ilçeler<strong>de</strong> Kürlçe konu,ulur. Halk.n ta- kan, aday. oldunuz. 0 nasll gerçekmam,<br />
Kürl kokenlidor ve Kürlçe konu,ulur. lesli?<br />
E~. efendim Kürl kökenliy,m... 1973 seçimlerlli<strong>de</strong><br />
ben Mardin CHP mill<strong>et</strong>vekili seçlld.m .we<br />
IlStenin binnci soraslndaver aldlm. 1977 y,hna<br />
kadar çok milltan btr m,lIelvekill ,dIm EOerbir<br />
ver<strong>de</strong> seçlm varsa va orada DoOuve GuneydoOu<br />
kökenh valanda$lar çoksa, beni partim<br />
mutlaka oraya gôn<strong>de</strong>rird, va onlar arasInda<br />
çah$ma yapardrm. Fakal soma: CHP ile<br />
aramll bOlulmaya ba,ladl. Bunun da sebeb"<br />
1977 Yllindakl kurultayda, genel merkelin<br />
önerdiOI ba,kan adaYlna oy vermed,m .Ik,ne.<br />
sebep, GüneydoOuslnorlanmlzda ball olaylar<br />
olmu,tu. Jandarma, borçok vatanda"mll' 01-<br />
dürmu,tü. Ben. bu olaYI Meelis'e g<strong>et</strong>ordim.<br />
CHP herhal<strong>de</strong> bundan rahalslz o!du kl, 1977<br />
seç,mlenn<strong>de</strong> Mardln'<strong>de</strong> önseçun yapmadl.<br />
Mardln'<strong>de</strong> ozel olarak genel merkel yoklamaSIyaptllar<br />
ve benl Iisteye sokmadllar Cysa<br />
Mardin'In bulun liçelen benl Isllyardu.<br />
n Sizi nlçln d"lad,lar? Aeaba Kürlçü'<br />
I..-l sünüz, ya da Kürl kökenlislnll diye<br />
ml?<br />
Ben. byie zann<strong>et</strong>t<strong>de</strong>r. oyle kabul <strong>et</strong>tller . Bunun<br />
uzenne 1977 seçlmleron<strong>de</strong>baOlmslzaday<br />
oldum ve seClml kalandlm Say.n ÇÖla,an ..,<br />
o kadar kl, Clzre oylann,n lumunu ben aldlm<br />
CHP sa<strong>de</strong>ee 15 oy kadar alablldl Cizre'<strong>de</strong> ..<br />
.ri Böyle bag.ms,z millelvekili seçllebll-<br />
~ mek Için bir yer<strong>de</strong>n güç almak gerekiyor.<br />
SI2in arkamzda a,ireUer mi<br />
var? Siz a,lr<strong>et</strong> mensubu musunuz?<br />
Elend1m.benlm babam kucuk memurdur Anl'lem<br />
lara11"dan a,or<strong>et</strong>çIY'z Annem. Tayan<br />
"'irell'"e Mensuplur Ama oralarda sevllen<br />
ve sayllan blr dllenln çocuguyum 0 yore<strong>de</strong><br />
avukatllk yaparken. herkese saygl ve sevgl<br />
gosterdim Para kazanmaYI hep. arka planda<br />
gordlJm Buyuk blf loplumu. ke"d.me hayran<br />
b"akl"dIll1 Ve lab,' buyuk b" oy polanslyeh<br />
oluslurdum Te:
..<br />
•<br />
DEVAM<br />
zaman? '<br />
Onu arllk kend,len dU\lunsunter efendiml .. Oy<br />
verenler dU\lùnsùn!<br />
n Evel elend1m; 12 Eylül oIdu va aldllar<br />
iii.-! sizllçeriye ... Az daha Cumhurba,kam<br />
oIacakken, kendinlzllçerl<strong>de</strong> buldunuz!<br />
Ne yaph",z da ald1lar sizi?<br />
Efend,m dort suçum vard,' B,nnel suçum.<br />
1979 y,IInda Nusaybin'<strong>de</strong> "S,k'yönelime Ha.<br />
y.... pankarl. asan ,k: çcr,:c. ,::r.:::,."T'.3 kcmu.<br />
tamn,n çok sert davram\l.m gordum ve müda.<br />
hale ellim. Orada. bemm hakk'mda. gbrevll<br />
memura hakar<strong>et</strong>len zabil lulmu\llar Ik,nc. ~uçum.<br />
TBMM'ye Do"u ve Güneydo"u'nun gen<br />
kalm'\lllg, ,le IIgl11b,r ara\llirma önerges, verm'\lt,m<br />
Orada yapt.glm konu\lmay, y,llar sonra<br />
Yank. Derg,sl yay'nlad!. Ondan da luluklandIm<br />
U('I!"'-'J$I; ';-:." D!')(neOI Davasl.. Dör.<br />
du~C"su <strong>de</strong>, D'Z, guya 19n seç.mlenn<strong>de</strong> $e.<br />
raleltln Elçi Ile b rl,kle koylere g,d,p KUrlçülUk<br />
propagandas, yaDm'\l'z DU\lunun k, 0 slrada<br />
$ereleltin Elçl. A!' aday', ben bag,ms,z<br />
aday,m ik.wn1z>nr"rll~te qezmesl mumkun<br />
mu' N,leklm mahkefT1e<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>d,m k,. "Bu hadise.<br />
Demirel'le Ecl!vilÏn ay"' seçim olobüsüne<br />
binip propaganda yapmalarlna benzer<br />
ki, e~ya" ~ labial,"a ayklrld ....... Sonuçla<br />
hepsln<strong>de</strong>n t,èraat <strong>et</strong>tlk, ama 1980-1982 araslnda<br />
,k, " I .adar ,e<strong>et</strong>!<strong>de</strong> kald,m'<br />
LJ 15ke.1{e gordunüz mü?<br />
Diyarbak .. CezaeVl'n<strong>de</strong> gördum fSleribul:da<br />
Karlai ve Saömalcllar'da kald,m Islanbul da<br />
'\lkenee yokl.;' Diyarbak .. Ask<strong>et</strong>! Cezaev,'n<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sonra, Istanbul eezaevle" bana Hillon<br />
Ole" g'bl geld,<br />
Ben, ANAP'I niçin<br />
seçtim? SHP bem<br />
dl!?ladlml? DI!?ladl.<br />
Artlk benim baglmslz<br />
aday olmam mÜJnkün<br />
<strong>de</strong>gildi. Süreyi kaçlrml!?hm.<br />
Halklmlzm korkusuzca<br />
ya~ma özgürlügüne<br />
sahip olmasl. insanca<br />
ya~masl için mill<strong>et</strong>vekili<br />
olmamI halklm istiyor. Ve<br />
SHP'nin kapadlgl kaplyt<br />
bana, ANAP aÇlyor".<br />
U Nas,l iskence gördünüz?<br />
Saym Çölasan, 1983 yil' ba\llanna kadar DI.<br />
yarbak .. Aske" Cezaevl'n<strong>de</strong>kl va~el ve zulum,<br />
sanm'yorum KI dunyamn bas ka blr yenn<strong>de</strong><br />
ols un. Hem hZlk, Iskenee gordum. hem <strong>de</strong><br />
Insan benltg'", yok <strong>et</strong>meye yonellk 'skenee<br />
gordllm. Baz, \leyler vardlt kl. onur kltlCl \leylerd.r.<br />
Onlan anlatma",n anlam, yoklur ... Ama<br />
laOlm' 'çltd'k!e'l ,nsanlan gbzlerimle g6rdUm.<br />
Bunlar oyle blrkaç kellme Ile anlalilaeak \ley-<br />
1er <strong>de</strong>gridlt. OrneR'" bit glarurnzlöldürmesi olayuu Meclis'e g<strong>et</strong>irmem,<br />
CliP'yi rahatslZ <strong>et</strong>ti. Beni Kürtçü zann<strong>et</strong>tlier ...<br />
da ç$ ao~ak!., çunku sasyal <strong>de</strong>mokraI<br />
ve sol görü~lü bir insand,",z ...<br />
Onu da arz e<strong>de</strong>y,m Eve!. g't1lm Oraya ben,<br />
DSP'Ii bit yelkil, davel elm'st, ve g,tl,m Beni<br />
Relah Parlisi KurultaYl'na çaçjltSalard,. y,ne<br />
g'<strong>de</strong>rd,m Bu bit nezak<strong>et</strong> ve prokolol '\l,dlt<br />
Halla. DSP'<strong>de</strong>n bltaz once SHP Kurultay' da<br />
yard. Oraya da glttlm ve çlçek gon<strong>de</strong>rd1m<br />
n. 0 toplanlllara gi<strong>de</strong>rken bir millelvekil-<br />
~ 1i"1 beklentiniz lalan yoklu, <strong>de</strong>gil ml?<br />
Yani 0 parliIer<strong>de</strong>n adayhk yahnm,n,<br />
dü,ünüyor muydunuz?<br />
Haylt efendlm. oyle bit sey soz konusu <strong>de</strong>g"-<br />
dl kes,nhkle<br />
n Sonuçla, Mardin'<strong>de</strong>n adayhk için<br />
~ SHP'ye ba5vurdunuz ve SIZ' red<strong>de</strong>ll,-<br />
"r." Acaba bunun gerekçesl .,vone:<br />
"Kürlçü" olmak mlyd'? ~izi Kurlçu<br />
oIdugunuz ;çin mi iSlemed,ler parhierIn<strong>de</strong>?<br />
Elend'm. ben SHP adayhg,na basvurmay' pek<br />
du\lùnmüyordum. çunku bu parllmn, Oogu ve<br />
Guneydogu halk,"a be",m anlad,g,m anlamda<br />
blr yak~lm .lÇln<strong>de</strong> olaeaglna pek ,hl,mal verm,yordum.<br />
Ancak. Mardin'<strong>de</strong>k, butun SHP'h<br />
'!çe ba\lkanlan be",m aday olmam, ,sted,1er<br />
ve Ankara'ya geld<strong>de</strong>r. Bunlar. SHP Genel<br />
Merkez,'ne yaz,h. blr ba\lvuru yapldar ve ~ed,:<br />
\er k,. ~MKVK Uyesl Edip Servel Devnmcl<br />
ft. Mardin Millelveklll Kenan Nehrozo"lu.<br />
ha. laralmdan sevllmeyen ve. islenmayen<br />
, kl,Herdlr. Bunlan Mardln'<strong>de</strong>n aday göslerirsenlz,<br />
SHP, IIImiz<strong>de</strong> barall bile a,.maz.<br />
Bun .... Msleye koymaYlnlz" ...<br />
n ilÇe b.,kanlannt siz mi k"k .. lhntz bu<br />
~ konuda?<br />
Hay.. elendim. bütun olup Men 1er be",m d,-<br />
,'mda cereyan elml\ltlt.<br />
,ey yapar da sonradan onurumla oynersanlZ,<br />
biz Güneydogulular biraz slcakkanh.<br />
Ylzd... Yanl lepklmiz biraz seri olur. Hem<br />
ke~cIImlze, hem <strong>de</strong> partimize zarar verebillriz<br />
...<br />
(J Ne <strong>de</strong>di size Erdal Bey?<br />
Bu konuyu, part,",n yon<strong>et</strong>,m kurulunun b,lecegi",<br />
söyledl<br />
(J. Yanl size "Aday olun" <strong>de</strong>di mi?<br />
Haylt'efendlm. <strong>de</strong>med!. "Ne, olun <strong>de</strong>rim, ne<br />
<strong>de</strong>, oImaYIn <strong>de</strong>r1m" <strong>de</strong>dI.. "Bu konu, yürülme<br />
kurulunun yelkisin<strong>de</strong>dir" <strong>de</strong>dI. Ben <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>d,m kl, "Elbe Ile yürülme kurulu bilir, ama<br />
o kuru/un ba,kan, sizsiniz. YürÜlme kurulu;<br />
herhal<strong>de</strong> labandan ve. örgüllen gelen sesl<br />
cllnler"." TabII. Erdal Inönü'nun bu sozlen.<br />
be",m kafamda bltaz kU\lku yarall' Hatta bu<br />
durumu ,Içe baskanlanm,za da soyled.m ...<br />
"Ben. bù Erdal Bey'<strong>de</strong>n pek umullu <strong>de</strong>Oilim.<br />
Sankl blr önyargl içerisin<strong>de</strong> kalaslna yerle,.<br />
ml, baz, Islmler var" <strong>de</strong>d,m B.z,m baskanlar<br />
da bana <strong>de</strong>d,ler kl, "Bizim hepimizl çag..dllar.<br />
Blzimle görü~ecekler ve örgülün isleklerl<br />
dogrullusunda lisle yapacaklar. Onun<br />
lçln, adayh"lnt mulla ka koy. Biz, senin lis.<br />
leye glrmen lçln ,srar e<strong>de</strong>cegiz" ... Ve ben.<br />
böyleee SHP'<strong>de</strong>n aday aday' oldum Emin<br />
Bey ... Bundan sonra bulù." Mardlnli SHP'hler<br />
ve orgul adamlan. Erdal Inönü'ye g,d,p <strong>de</strong>d,-<br />
1er k., "Bu Iislenln Ilk Ikl s""lnda Nurellin<br />
Yllmaz ve Ahmel Türk olmaua, SHP ba,arlya<br />
ula'amaz ..... Aneak Erdal Bey. kendlSlne<br />
gelen Mardin heyeline be",mle ,Ig,II baz' kus'<br />
kula" oldu\')unu 'ma' e<strong>de</strong>n sorular lalan sor.<br />
mus. Yan,. bem ,stemed'g,ne dalt. kU\lku yaratan<br />
baz, sorular Bunun uzer,ne ben. arkadaslanma<br />
<strong>de</strong>d,m kl. "H!!ydi, Ahmel Türk ce-<br />
75
DEVAM<br />
•<br />
76<br />
zaevin<strong>de</strong> oldugu lçln onu Islemlyor. Ama<br />
beni <strong>de</strong> lisleye almayaeak. Ben adayhOlm.<br />
baglmSiz olarak koyaeag.m" ... Arkada\ilar<br />
bunu kabul <strong>et</strong>mediler ve SHP'<strong>de</strong>n aday adayt<br />
olmamt istediler. Ben <strong>de</strong> partiye ba\ivurdum<br />
ve beni listeye almad,lar'beyefendi ..<br />
Say.n VIImaz, SHP sizi Iisteye koy •.<br />
madl ve aday olmanlZ. kabul <strong>et</strong>medl.<br />
Peki sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokrat blr insan olarak<br />
ANAP'lan nasll aday oldunuz daha<br />
sonra? Yanl siz. tam terslni söylüyor.<br />
sunuz, ama Içinlz<strong>de</strong> mutlaka mlll<strong>et</strong>ve.<br />
kili olma hlrsl: oldugu anla\ilhyor ...<br />
Sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokrat blr Insan Için, ANAP<br />
.nere<strong>de</strong>n çlkll?<br />
Haa! Bak,n nere<strong>de</strong>n ç,ktl... Ben ANAP', niçin<br />
seçtim? SHP beni d'\ilad, m.? O'\ilad,... Art,k<br />
benim ba~.mslz aelay olmam mümkün <strong>de</strong>~itdi.<br />
çünkû sûre'yi. kaçlrm'\itÎm. Benim SHP'ye<br />
adayh~'mtn özelli~i. bir i<strong>de</strong>olojinin sonueudur:<br />
LJ Nedir 0 !<strong>de</strong>olO!!?<br />
SosYlll <strong>de</strong>mokral olmak... Ben baki.m ki<br />
Sl-IP'nin sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokrath~1 sa<strong>de</strong>ee lafta kalmaktadtr.<br />
Ashnda ben. bunlann beni listeye<br />
almayaea~lm daha önee <strong>de</strong> duyuyordum. Erol<br />
Agagll diyor ki, "Bunlar Kürl ve komü.<br />
nlslllr" ••. Aydm Güven Gürkan b~nim hsteye<br />
ahnmam için Israr, edivor. Erdal Inönü diyor<br />
lu, ~Blz bunu IIsleve koyamaYlt" ... Buntann<br />
\iovenli~i böyleee ortaya çtkmt\i oldu. Beni listeye<br />
kovmayaeaklanm ben daha önee<strong>de</strong>n<br />
duymaya ba\ilaml\it,m. Ben .bu durumu aç,kh~a<br />
kavu\iturmak için. Erdallnönü'ye belki on<br />
<strong>de</strong>la teleIon <strong>et</strong>tim. Ama telelona hep sekr<strong>et</strong>en<br />
çlklyor. Erdal BIlY benimle konu\imuyor. Me-<br />
(jer. benim geçmi\ite geçirdi~im soru\iturmalann,<br />
ileri<strong>de</strong> kendlleri için kambur yarataea~lm<br />
dÜ\iünüp çekin'yorlarm'\i. Hatta kendisine telgraf<br />
da çektlm, ama bir daha benimle konu\imadl.<br />
n Ben burada, size daha önee<strong>de</strong>n duy-<br />
I...--l dugum bir söylenliyi aklaraYlm ...<br />
Bundan bir süre önee belki Turgul<br />
Özal'la, belki <strong>de</strong> bazI üst düzey<strong>de</strong><br />
ANAP'hlarla konu\imu\isunuz. Onlar<br />
size <strong>de</strong>mi\iler ki, "Bize 0 yöre<strong>de</strong>,<br />
PKK olaYlna kar\il sözü geçeeek güç.<br />
lü adamlar laz.m ... Gelin bizimle çah-<br />
\im ..... Dogru mu bu?<br />
Kes,nlikle yalan.. Ne dolayh ne dolayslz. böyle<br />
blf konu\ima olmadl. Bu iddla. son <strong>de</strong>reee<br />
çlfk,n bir ,thamd,r. Kas.th blf yaYlnd,r. Bunu<br />
s,d<strong>de</strong>lle red<strong>de</strong>d'yorum<br />
SaYln Yllmaz, ANAP liberal bir parti ...<br />
Siz sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokratsl",z. Bu yaplda<br />
bir i!,sllnlO, liberal bir parti<strong>de</strong> ne i\il<br />
olabllir? Bunu bona Iyi anlat.n lütfen<br />
... Vani iIIe <strong>de</strong> millelvekili olaYlm<br />
da, nere<strong>de</strong>n olursa olsun mu diye<br />
dÜ\iünüyorsunuz?<br />
Say,n Çöla\ian. ben zaten 1n,IIelvek,Ii olmay,<br />
•sllyorum. Halk,m'z,n korkusuzea yaSama ozgurlügune<br />
sah,p olmas,. ,nsanea yasamas, ve<br />
gereklig. zaman kendisini savunmas, gerekIf.<br />
Bunlan gerçeklestlfmek içtn milleivekll, 01-<br />
mam,. kend, halk,m ist.yor.<br />
n Çok 'gü~el <strong>de</strong>, bunlan ANAP'ta ";.'<br />
lœJ saglayaeaksmtz? .<br />
Beyelend •. kendislni kamuoyuna sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokrat<br />
olarak gösleren SHP'n'n öyle olmad.-<br />
g. ve soven duygular la\i,d'g. anla\i,ld •. Beni<br />
velo <strong>et</strong>liler ve SHP'<strong>de</strong>n d'slad,lar. $Imdi<br />
ANAP'la sagelSl, soleusu, MSP'lisi, MHP'hsi,<br />
hepsi var. Blzzat Özal, partisin<strong>de</strong> soleulann<br />
da oldugunu söylüvor ve bundan çekinmedigini<br />
aç,khyor. Ben. art,k ANAP'ta yer almakta<br />
sak,nea görmem. Halta bu noktada ANAP',<br />
SHP'<strong>de</strong>n daha <strong>de</strong>mokrat görürüm.<br />
n Bütün bu görü\ilere. SHP slzl' v<strong>et</strong>o'<br />
I.-! edinee mi sahlp oldunuz? SHP'<strong>de</strong>n<br />
adayhgtntz kabul edilseydl, ylne böyle<br />
konu\iabileeek mlydlnlz?<br />
Say,n Çöla~an. ben 19n y.hnda CHP'<strong>de</strong> Eeevil<br />
in kap's,", çaldlm. Kap'y. açll, ama beni<br />
görünee yüzüme kapad,. Beni almadt ve v<strong>et</strong>o<br />
alti. Aradan' on y,l geçti ve sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokratligindan<br />
hiç kimsenin kU\ikusu olmayan Nur<strong>et</strong>.<br />
lin Ydmaz, bu kez SHP'nin kaptSln' çald,. Bu<br />
kez d~ sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokrat oldu~unu söyleyen<br />
Erdal Inönü beni gör~nee kaptyl kapad •. Oemek<br />
ki SHP <strong>de</strong> sosyal, <strong>de</strong>mokrat görû\ilü<br />
Oogu kökenlilere kap,s'nI kapatml\it" ... Ama 0<br />
kap'y' bana ANAP aç'yor. Benim görü\iüme<br />
göre ANAP. SHP'<strong>de</strong>n biraz daha .hmh, biraz<br />
daha <strong>de</strong>mokralt".<br />
n Pekl,' bu a\ia';'ad~' slz ml ANAP's<br />
I.-! ba\ivurdunuz aday olmak lçln, yokaa<br />
onlar ml slze teklllle bulundular? .<br />
Onlar benimle temasa geçtiler efendim:<br />
LJ Kim slzlnle lemas kurdu?<br />
Sizin gibi b" dost diyalim ismini vermeyeee~im...<br />
.<br />
n Niçln vermlyorsunuz aismi? Nlçln<br />
I.-! sakhyorsunuz? .<br />
Emin Bey. biz,m herkési <strong>de</strong>\iifre <strong>et</strong>memize<br />
gerek yoktur ... $unu da size bilmeniz için söyleyeyim<br />
ki. benim ANAP'a geçi\iim. ne idolojik<br />
bir olayd", ne <strong>de</strong> Oogu'daki. olaylan engellemek<br />
faland". Zaten bunu yapmaya benim<br />
ne güeüm, ne y<strong>et</strong>kim, ne <strong>de</strong> hakklm vardlr.<br />
Bunlar, hastmlanmtn ortaya att'g' iftiralard".<br />
Ev<strong>et</strong> elendim, sonuçta ANAP'lan 1<br />
Kaslm seçlmlerl lçln aday oldunuz.<br />
A.neak Yüksek Seçim Kurulu, "Bir<br />
k.mse, ayn. se~im<strong>de</strong> Ikl aYfi portl<strong>de</strong>n<br />
aday olamaz' gerekçesiyle, slzin<br />
ANAP adayhg.ntz. redd<strong>et</strong>ll. Böylece<br />
Iyl blr maeera ya~adlntz ve birl SHP'<br />
<strong>de</strong>n, dlgerl YSK'<strong>de</strong>n olmak üzere Ikl<br />
v<strong>et</strong>o yediniz. ~Imdl 1 Kaslin seçlmlerl<br />
erlelendl. Bu durumda önünüze yenl<br />
blr I.r.s~1 ç,klyor. Aeaba ANAP yerlne,<br />
MardIn <strong>de</strong>n bag.mslz aday olmaYI dU.<br />
~ünüyor musunuz? .. Çünkü ~Imdl her<br />
\iey yeni<strong>de</strong>n ba~layaeak ...<br />
Efendim. Özal en güç durumda bana millelvekilligi<br />
kap's,", açtl. Onun iyi' niy<strong>et</strong>ini istismar<br />
ed;p <strong>de</strong> yeni<strong>de</strong>n ba~,ms'z aday olursam. halk,m,n<br />
üzerin<strong>de</strong> olumsuz <strong>et</strong>ki yapabilir. Onun<br />
lçin Özal'tn 'yi niy<strong>et</strong>i"' VB halk,m," duygulaflnl<br />
d,kkate alarak. ba~,ms,zli~, \iimd,lik dU\iünmuyorum<br />
ANAP aday, olaeag'm.<br />
LJ Çok gUzell ..<br />
Burada. Turk kamuoyu önün<strong>de</strong> aç,kça soylüyorum<br />
ki, geçmi\iteki Nurellin Y,'maz, ayn,<br />
sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokrat ilkelerini 'bugün <strong>de</strong> ta\i'maktad".<br />
Benim sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokratlig'mdan h'çbtr<br />
\ie~i1<strong>de</strong>ödün vermem söz konusu olmayaeak<br />
.fi Belkl lIerldè ANAP'I da sosyal <strong>de</strong>-<br />
I.-! mokral bir parll yapabllirslnlz. Böyle<br />
blr çabamz aeaba olaeak ml?<br />
Elendim. mesela bu hafta Nokta Oergis,'n<strong>de</strong><br />
Vedat Dalokay ile bir söyle\i' vardl. B" <strong>de</strong><br />
bakm'~s'n ki.,Vedat Dalokay. bir hafta on gun<br />
sonra .ANAP a geçmi\i. Oemek ki ANAP kai,<br />
bir sa~ i<strong>de</strong>'olojiye sahip <strong>de</strong>gild" ve her e~ilim<strong>de</strong>n<br />
,nsan,n kend; bünyesin<strong>de</strong> olmas,ndan rahats,z<br />
<strong>de</strong>gild". Geçenler<strong>de</strong> Cem Karaea'n,n<br />
konseri vardl. Adam b" saalten fazla Naz,m<br />
Hikm<strong>et</strong>'in \iiirleri", okudu. Özat da onu alk,sladl.<br />
n P~k.~fU~.u .soraeag,,!,,,,, ANAP'ta bir<br />
I.-! suru ulkueü ve MHP Ii var. Bunu siz<br />
<strong>de</strong> oz önee söylediniz. Aeaba onlarla<br />
aynt parti içerlsln<strong>de</strong> olmaklan rahatslzhk<br />
duymayaeak mtslntz?<br />
Ben, 0 ü1küeülerl ve MHP'I;leri bilm'yorum .<br />
.fi Hoa, <strong>de</strong>mek ki bllmiyorsunuz!.. Onlar-<br />
I.-! la ayn. çall all,"da olmaklan rahals.z-<br />
Irk duymayaeak m.slntz?<br />
Elendim, onlar benim bulunmamdan rahats'z<br />
alsunlar. Ben niçin onlann bulunmas,"dan rahats.z<br />
olay,m ki? Ben Nur<strong>et</strong>tin Ydmn olarak<br />
halk.m,n sesini .ve sorunlann, dile g<strong>et</strong>irip anlara<br />
sah,p çlkab,liyorsam, m,lIelvekili olmam,"<br />
zarur<strong>et</strong>ine (gerekll olduguna) onun için inanm'\ilmd".<br />
Ben bunu yapaeag'm.<br />
n Yanl yanlntzda oturan ü1küeüler lalan<br />
I.-! slzl orada rahatslz <strong>et</strong>meyeeekler mi?<br />
Efendim, ben \iU anda kimin aday olaea~tn'.<br />
k,m,n m,lIelvekili seçileeegini bilemem. kl...<br />
Sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokratlar da olaeakllr. soleular da<br />
olaeakt". Ulküeüler ben<strong>de</strong>n rahatslz olsunlar'<br />
.fi S!zi anhyorum Nur<strong>et</strong>lln Bey Burada<br />
I.-! blf ,ey daha soraeaglm size Sosyal<br />
~~mokrat blr insan oldugunuzu söy.<br />
luyorsunuz. Diyelim kl, ANAP'lan mil.<br />
l<strong>et</strong>veklll seçlldinlz. Ç.kafllan blrtak.m<br />
yasalarla birtaklm adamlaron blr anda<br />
zengin edlldiginl göreeekslniz lonlar<br />
rezalelinl göreeeksiniz, hayall 'ihracal<br />
rezalelinl göreeeksiniz. Ne bileyim,<br />
ANAP bir geee<strong>de</strong> seçim- kanurîu ç'_<br />
kard. ve Anayasa Mahkemesi bunu<br />
Iplal elli. Aeaba bir sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokrat<br />
olarak, parlinizin bu gibi uygulamalaflna<br />
kar,. çlkablleeek mislniz? YOksa<br />
"Kaldlf parmagint" <strong>de</strong>yinee siz <strong>de</strong> digerlerlyle<br />
,birlikle olumlu oy mu vereeeksiniz?<br />
.<br />
Elendim. size <strong>de</strong>min<strong>de</strong>n ber; anlat'yorum ..<br />
1973 y,lindan ben ben,m f.k"lerim<strong>de</strong> hieb"<br />
<strong>de</strong>g'\iiklik olmamlst". .<br />
il Yanl partlnlzin bu gibi uygulamala-<br />
I..--l rona kar\il ç.kaeak mls.mz?<br />
Kend, 1,~"lerime. kendi i<strong>de</strong>oloj,me ve kend,<br />
siyasal görüsüme ters gelen Seylere elbelte k,<br />
tepk. göslereeeg.m.<br />
.Il Ama 0 zaman da partinizin için<strong>de</strong><br />
I..--l sorun yaratm'\i olursu.nuz ...<br />
Sorun yarahnm veya yaralmam Bemm Ilal.<br />
koma ters dÜ\ieeek b" durum gordugüm<strong>de</strong>.<br />
rahallikla islifa e<strong>de</strong>b,ltnm. Bakin. bu eok nSkl,<br />
bir olayd" ve her parlamenter bUl1U soyleyemez.<br />
Ben. halk,ma h'zmel elmek ve onlara<br />
yararll olmak içlO yola çlkml!? adam1m. Ben.<br />
mtllelvek,lltglne. çok arzulu oldugum 'ç,n g,rm.vorUrTl<br />
.Il Peki, ANAP'ta hO\ilanmad.gln.z, g,c.k<br />
I..--l kapllg,",z kimseler var ml?<br />
Elendim. s.ze söyluyorum ya.. Onlar ben<strong>de</strong>n<br />
g,e,k kaps.nlarl<br />
.Il Siz adayhk için basvurmadan önee<br />
I...-l herhal<strong>de</strong> SHP programm. okumus'<br />
lunuz ... Okudunuz mu?<br />
Okudum.<br />
il ANAP'm programml da okudunuz<br />
~ mu?<br />
Okumadlm henuz...<br />
.fi heri<strong>de</strong> in\iallah !lrsat bulup da okur.<br />
I.J santz ve yeni parlinlzin programonda<br />
sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokrat Nureltin Yilmaz'a<br />
çok ters gelen hususlar oldugunu<br />
görürseniz, ne yapars,",z? 0 programda<br />
size çok ters gelen \ieyler alabillr...<br />
Mesela ne olab,lir?<br />
.fi Onu ben bllemem beyelendi... O. si-<br />
I..--l zin takdirinlze kalml\i!.. .<br />
ANAP, siyasl bir Iiberalizm uyguluyor. Bir<br />
sentez gehriyor. MHP'hs' <strong>de</strong>. MSP'l,s' <strong>de</strong> olabilir,<br />
hüman,sti <strong>de</strong> olabilir.<br />
.fi ANAP ekonomik Iiberalizm <strong>de</strong> uygu •<br />
I..--l luyor. Ona kar,1 <strong>de</strong>gll mlsiniz blr sos.<br />
yal <strong>de</strong>mokral olarak?<br />
Efendim, SHP'nin <strong>de</strong> \ieylenni g~üyoruz<br />
yani... Mesela geçenler<strong>de</strong> Vedal DSfokay dlvor<br />
kl, "ANAP sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokral partllerin<br />
bile gellremedlgl çok güzal ,eylerl g<strong>et</strong>irml\i'<br />
tir".;. Ornegin bir Fak Fuk \ieyini' g<strong>et</strong>iriyor.<br />
Bak.n yani, bunu ANAP', savunmak için söylemiYOrum...<br />
Baz, uygulamalara bak'yorsunuz.<br />
btr soleu partlnln bile tlerisin<strong>de</strong> \ieyler ...<br />
.fi Yani klsaeas., ANAP'. seviyorsunuz<br />
~ Nur<strong>et</strong>l~n Bey..<br />
Hay" .., Bak'nlz. baz, uygulamalanm tasvip<br />
ediyorum.<br />
.fi Geçml\ite hlç ANAP aleyhine konu\i-<br />
I..--l malann.z olmu, muydu?<br />
Olmu\itu!<br />
.fi Pekl, yo siz ANAP,millelvekiii olduk.<br />
I.J tan sonra, 0 konu\imalarlnlzl yüzü"<br />
nüze çarparlarsa?<br />
Çarparlarsa. onlann sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokral olmadlklarl",<br />
-söylerlm ...<br />
hglnç bir maniok... SaYln Nurellin YIImaz,<br />
slzlnle Kürtçülük olay.m ve PKK<br />
konusunu da konu\imak Isterdim. Aneak,<br />
size bunlarla IIgill soru sormama<br />
Izin vermedinlz. Ben <strong>de</strong> isleginize<br />
sayg. duyarak sormadlm. 0 konular.<br />
daki görü,lerinizi, bana .. yazmamak<br />
,arloyla anlatllmz ... Ev<strong>et</strong> elend1m, slz<br />
sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokrat görü~lü blr Insan 01-<br />
dugunuzu söylüyorsunuz ve bir 'sag<br />
portl<strong>de</strong>n aday oluyorsunuz. Eskl<strong>de</strong>n<br />
oise, TUrklye <strong>de</strong> böyle ~eyler büyük<br />
tepkl'görürdU ... ÇUnkU herkes, yerlnl<br />
blllrdi. Ama ,Imdl blr bak.yorsunuz<br />
kl, herkesln slyasal ve ekonomlk Çl'<br />
ksrlan ön planda ... Insanlann çlkarlor.,<br />
onlann dU,üncelerlnl, Inençlanm<br />
ve görU,lerlnl 0 kadar perl<strong>de</strong> btraktl<br />
kl... GUnUmüz Türklyesl n<strong>de</strong> ne yaz.k<br />
kl çoQunluk böyle oldu. Herkesln <strong>de</strong>,<br />
kendlne göre blr gerekçesl varl..<br />
Ame, Ilze ay'p <strong>et</strong>llklerl da blr ger.<br />
çak ... Size bu konu~ma lçln çok te.<br />
,ekkUr edlyorum ve yenl parllnlz<strong>de</strong><br />
ba~arllar dlllyorum,
•<br />
19.10.87<br />
Ömür biter,. yol bitmez<br />
ESKiDENbu sözü, uzun yol seferlerine çlkan kamyonlann<br />
tamponlanna yazarlardl.<br />
Saatleree hatta günleree direksiyon sallayan l?oförlerin<br />
ruh hal<strong>et</strong>lerini aks<strong>et</strong>tiren bir <strong>de</strong>yi~ti bu. Bir baklm~<br />
"aeeie elme, tedbirsiz araba sürme, yolu bitireeegirll<br />
zann<strong>et</strong>me; ömür biter, yol bitmez" anlamtna gelirdi<br />
$imdi aynt sözü, herhal<strong>de</strong> ~ehir için<strong>de</strong> sefer yapan araçlann<br />
arkaslna yazmak lazlm.<br />
Be~ kilom<strong>et</strong>relik yolu birbuçuk saatte ahnca, insana<br />
hakikaten yol bitmeyeçekmi~ hissi geliyor. Tabii bu sefeç<br />
sebep, yolun uzunlugu <strong>de</strong>gil, traligin tlkanlkllgl. Bu, ekonomi<strong>de</strong><br />
müthi~ bir "israf" olaYldlr. Gelin sizinle basit bir<br />
hesap yapallm.<br />
SU be~ milyonluk istanbul ~ehrin<strong>de</strong>, her gün en az<br />
üçbuçuk milyon insan sokaga çlklp bir yerlere gidil1<br />
g~liyor. Bu i~ için, adam ba~lna ortalama bin lira sarfedilse,<br />
~ehiriçi yoleu ta~lmaelllgtnda gün<strong>de</strong> üçbuçuk milyar<br />
lira hareama var <strong>de</strong>mektir. Bunu da, sene <strong>de</strong> üç yyz gün<br />
ile çarparsak, bir trilyon lira e<strong>de</strong>r. Türkiye'nin l1)ilhgeliri,<br />
takriben elli trilyon liradir. Yani, Türkiye nin milh gelirinin<br />
elli<strong>de</strong> biri sa<strong>de</strong>ee Istanbul'un ~ehiriçi yoleu ta~lmaelhglnda<br />
sarl olunmaktadlr.<br />
Aeaba, bu i~i daha "verlmli" bir ~ekil<strong>de</strong> yapamal<br />
mlYIz? Mesela, bu ta~lma sistemine yüz<strong>de</strong> onluk veyô<br />
yüz<strong>de</strong> be~lik bir randiman artl~1 g<strong>et</strong>irilemez mi? .<br />
Yüz<strong>de</strong> be~ randiman artl~1olsa, tasarrul edileeek milh<br />
gelir Yllda elli milyar liradir. Yüz<strong>de</strong> on olsa, yüz milyar<br />
e<strong>de</strong>r. Öyle ise, bu i~e ne kadar kala patlat~ak <strong>de</strong>ger.<br />
SEViMLi Belediye Ba~kanlmlz Dalan, bu konuyu en'<br />
çok dü~ünenler<strong>de</strong>n biri. Aneak Dalan'm dü~ünee sistemind~,<br />
"iylle,tirme", "verimlllik artlrma", "tasarru'"<br />
gibi kavramlar herhal<strong>de</strong> ver almlyor. Kendisi, konulan<br />
yatlnm yaparak çözme tarattan. Istanbul'un trafik sorunu<br />
ne zaman gün<strong>de</strong>me gelse, Dalan, trilyonluk porjeler<strong>de</strong>n<br />
bahsediyor. $üphe yok ki, Istanbul gibi bir ~ehrin tralik<br />
sorunlannl çözmek için belli miktarda yatlnm yapmak<br />
lazlmdlr.<br />
Yenl yollar, yeni köprüler, alt-üst geçitler, tüneller, i~<br />
merkezlerinin ver <strong>de</strong>gi~tirmeleri, yapllmasl gerekeri i~ler<br />
arastndadlr.<br />
Aneak, bir yön<strong>et</strong>ieiyi bekleyen en önemli görev, yeni<br />
yatlnm yapmadan önee mevcut yatlnmlardan en yüksek<br />
randlmant aimaktir.<br />
Dört ~eritli bir yolun eger iki ~eridi park edilmi~ araçlar<br />
taraltndan i~gal ediliyorsa, "Bu yol y<strong>et</strong>miyor, yenl blr<br />
yol daha yapallm <strong>de</strong>mek", israftan öteye, günahtlr.<br />
•I<br />
STANBUL~ehiriçi yoleu ta~lmaelhgl, ~ehv<strong>et</strong> mertebesin<strong>de</strong><br />
otomobil sevdaslna dü~mü~ ~Imank, küstah ve bencil<br />
araba sahipleri tarallndan pen~an hale sokulmu~tur.<br />
Bu araba ~ehv<strong>et</strong>ine tutulmu~ sayglslz ki:?iler, mümkünse<br />
iki adlm bile yürümek istememektedirler. Kaldlnmlan, yol-<br />
Ian hayâslzea i~gal edip otobüslerin için<strong>de</strong> bahk isti'i gibi<br />
gi<strong>de</strong>n yüzbinleree insantn hakklnt gasp <strong>et</strong>mektedirler.<br />
$urasl kesinlikle bilinmelidir ki, SaYln Dalan ve arkada~lan,<br />
<strong>de</strong>gil bir, iki trilyonluk, yüz trilyonluk yatlnm yapsalar,<br />
bu araba sevdahlanyla sava~a girmedikçe, hiçbir<br />
~eyi halle<strong>de</strong>mezler.<br />
"Otopark Isterlz!", "Geni, yollar Isteriz!", "Venl<br />
köprüler Isleriz!", "Tüp geçiller isterizl" çlghklanyla ulusai<br />
kaynaklann yanhl? tahsisine sebebiy<strong>et</strong> verenler <strong>de</strong><br />
~unu bilmelidirler ki, arabalanndan inip toplu tal?lt araçlanna<br />
binmedikçe, iki elleriyle sanldlklan direksiyon simitleri<br />
arkastnda, trafik girdablnda slkl~mll? arabalanmn için<strong>de</strong><br />
saatleree beklemekten, kendilerini kurtaramayaeal(lardlr.<br />
SON SOl: Araba hürriyeline, trafik esiredifmez.<br />
1<br />
77
24.10.87<br />
sURf- Siirt'in ~Irnak Hçesin<strong>de</strong><br />
bir süre önee 4 bölüeü<br />
çele mensubunu öldüren bir<br />
baba ile otluna S milyon lira<br />
ödül verildi.<br />
Siirl Valisi Seliml Teker,<br />
Çoban<strong>de</strong>re köyüne baskm<br />
dùzenleyen bir grup ~klyayla<br />
üç saale yakm bir süre sHâhh<br />
çal1smaya giren Abdurrahman<br />
Geneo Sanll He otlu AU<br />
Sanh'mn olayda )'Ikllan evlerinin<br />
<strong>de</strong> yaplmlaealml söyledi.<br />
Vall Teker, bir avuç ça.<br />
pulçu eSklyanm <strong>de</strong>vlel yanh-<br />
SI valandaslara karSI giriSli-<br />
Ii kalliâmlann hiçbir zaman<br />
eezaslz kalmayaealInI da<br />
kay<strong>de</strong>lli.<br />
" elklyaYI öldüren<br />
baba lilula 5 mllvon<br />
lira ödül verlldl<br />
Vali SeIami Teker, Çoban<strong>de</strong>re<br />
köylOlerine üerelsiz ki.<br />
lim dokuma lezgâhlan gOn.<br />
<strong>de</strong>rHecelini ve ür<strong>et</strong>ilen kilim.<br />
lerin Sümerbank larafmdan<br />
satmahnaealml kay<strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong>rek<br />
sOyle konustu:<br />
"Köy<strong>de</strong> Isdhelam lmkim<br />
)1lratmak Için her türtü ,......<br />
nu )1lpaca&Jz. VataDdaflann<br />
<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>e olan aüvenlnl sars.<br />
mak Isteyen blr avuç çapulçu<br />
qkl)1l, yedlll pmarla neye<br />
ulradllIDI P$lnh."<br />
Bölüeü esklyaya karSI ver.<br />
dili mOea<strong>de</strong>ie dolaYlslyla Va-<br />
Ii Teker'<strong>de</strong>n ödül alan Abdurrahman<br />
Genco SI1nb, qkJyamn<br />
kendi köylerine <strong>de</strong>falarea<br />
haber gOn<strong>de</strong>rdilini ve<br />
silâhlanm buakmalanm iSledilini<br />
belirlti.<br />
Abdurrahman Genco San-<br />
Il, qklyamn kOylerine adlm<br />
atmasma müsaa<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>meyeeeklerini<br />
belirterek SOyie<br />
konustu:<br />
"10 ad<strong>et</strong> G-J Ile bol miktarda<br />
müblmmata Ibtlyacl-<br />
1DJZ var. SUiblmlZ olduktan<br />
lOara blçblr qklya köyümü-<br />
Ile lIremez. Ne pabUina<br />
oIuna oIIu. <strong>de</strong>Yl<strong>et</strong>imbe oIan<br />
ba&JWlmllza kimse gölge dü-<br />
Süremez."<br />
DAI •• V•• ILDI<br />
Hakkâri'<strong>de</strong> geçen ay bölueü<br />
teröristler larafmdan öldürülen<br />
PTT dis sebeke leknisyeni<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Oüzel<strong>de</strong>re~<br />
nin ailesine Van'da bir apartman<br />
dairesi verildi. PTT Böige<br />
MOdOrlOIO tarafmdan ab.<br />
nan 17 milyon lira <strong>de</strong>lerin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
daireye yerlqlirilen OUzel<strong>de</strong>re'nin<br />
ailesi için aynea 10<br />
milyon lira para toplandl.<br />
Yardlm kampanyasmm Kasim<br />
aYI sonuna kadar <strong>de</strong>vam<br />
e<strong>de</strong>eeli açlklandl. (AA)<br />
•<br />
~ 24.10.87<br />
Mu,'ta 3 elklva<br />
,akalandl .<br />
tNGÖL- Mufta güvenlik operasyonu sonueu, Abdul-<br />
yapllan ope- lah Ekin, FadJl Balkaya ve<br />
Bkuvv<strong>et</strong>lerinee<br />
rasyonda, üç esklya silâhla- Abba~ Yalçla adh 3 esklya,<br />
nyla birlikie yakalandJ. ,Mus'un Kârabey kOyOn<strong>de</strong> bir<br />
Bingö( Valisi Güner Jr- ev<strong>de</strong> yakalandl. Operasyonbay'dan<br />
ahnan bilgiye gOre. da, esklyaya ait bir olomatik<br />
Bingöl He MuS emniyel ve silâh ve 80 mermi <strong>de</strong> eie gejandarma<br />
timl<strong>et</strong>inin ortak çiri ...&Î,<br />
idamelli/<strong>et</strong><br />
Serac<strong>et</strong>tin MÜFTÜOCLU 'Aramzda savel, kaymj{kam,<br />
N<br />
USAYBIN (M rdin) (hha) _ hâkim var ml?', di~ sonlula,::<br />
• a _' .. 'ilaha sonra klQilik kontrol",<br />
Pazar gunu adandlg' sIrada. boo yaparak. &ÖyWiklerimizili<br />
11Ie~ org"t mdilanlarmea oldu,,!l- dog", oIup olmadlttm ara!jdugu<br />
aç,kl,anan polls memu~ ~ t1nblar, Salih Ta~emir'in<br />
Ta~emU' III teronstler~e agaea!t lis oIdugunu ägreninoe<br />
haglanarak ]dam eddd'g' bdd",ldl, po ma --'-la Ö" •<br />
G . Mid - E' araml n ayUUl r, nu-<br />
. o:e,\' \apllg] yat .mmyel müz<strong>de</strong> agaca ip baglayarak<br />
.\mIrlIg] n<strong>de</strong>n hafta sonu tauhm ge. idam <strong>et</strong>tiler. Teroristler bu<br />
çlnnek IIzere 9 arkada'iJ <strong>de</strong> ava çlkan arada 'Sizin yammzda polis<br />
\(' terotl'ller taraf]nd~n, katl~llen mernu.:u o\S1m da olaeakt,'<br />
poh,., mt'muru Ta~e~llIr le Ilg~h,so. diye sordular."<br />
ru~lurmaya, Nusayblll Savelhg. nea Sa k' k'" .. ,<br />
<strong>de</strong>\'am edillyor. Olaym gorgü tamk. .' velh y<strong>et</strong> Ihlen. olay )t-<br />
I Bit.. H I r Bilg nn<strong>de</strong> ,ap,lan olops.<strong>de</strong>, pohs<br />
~~ UI~ çoz. a e e. memurU Ta~emir'jn bO\'nun-<br />
Ni,;~r;:ttin Aku, Kadri Ya- dan aSI~arak. olduruldugunun<br />
VUZ, Naif' Ünvar, M.Salih anla~lld'~I~.' bddmll. Bu arad~<br />
Bodur. Hüseyin DoIa~r Ile Ta!j<strong>de</strong>mU' m cena,;"S1. SIvaS<br />
M.Salih Aear, Nusaybin'e III Gemerek .lIçes, n<strong>de</strong> )akm.<br />
g<strong>et</strong>irilerek sa\'clilkla ira<strong>de</strong>ler;ne !anmn k.alddlgl sa<strong>de</strong> bIr toren<br />
ba~\'uruldu Ola\ m tamklan. It. lopraga \'enld,<br />
sa\'clhga verdikleri ifa<strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong>.<br />
!iUnlart a\llatldar<br />
"SilahlanmlZl alarak avlanmaya<br />
çlkrm~tIk. Avlana<br />
avlana. Nusaybin'e bag-II<br />
Üçköy'e yakl~ml~tIk. Ani<strong>de</strong>n<br />
<strong>et</strong>raflmlZl Kala~nikof<br />
tüfekli 8 k~i sardl. Bize.<br />
78<br />
Riärri'J<strong>et</strong> 29.10.87<br />
B61ucuvah$<strong>et</strong>inl gören<br />
avcllar anlaltl:<br />
l'po/is alkatlaflmlll<br />
•<br />
Teröruzmam<br />
24.10.87<br />
eIDDJy<strong>et</strong>çi<br />
RKADA~LARININ "Apo" d.dikler/ ~h AIdoOln,<br />
1967 yl/lfIdl Po/is AklcHImisi'ni bil"Ip .mnlyel<br />
A<br />
OrQi'lÜnd. komlser mUlvlni olarak QlJreve baslRdl.<br />
Kly .. ,t'd. 3 YII QÖf'v Y8P.n ~en. 2 y,1 AlmanYl'da<br />
anar,I, I8rör VI Irlflk kanu/aflnda '~/llm QlJrdu. Ankara<br />
Emniy<strong>et</strong> Müdürlü~ü'niJn çesi/ll kad.m./er/n<strong>de</strong> çailsa" AIdoOIIn.<br />
Trafik O.lresi SaskanilQI QIJr.v/n. Q.tiflldl. Havadan<br />
h.llkopterl. Iraflk <strong>de</strong>n.llm/n/ ba,latan AIdoOIIn. 1985<br />
ylilOcHI .mn/y"In .n Ot!.m/i an/leler/nd.n bir/ olan "GDvenf/J!Dal"""n;n<br />
b.,kanilQma Q.lfr/idl, ~an, bu dön.m<strong>de</strong><br />
AmwI/la' da l.rlJr oIeY/'fly/a //gill eQ/lfm gOrdiJ. Giivenllk<br />
Oa"esi bünyesind. "Y,ko F.eI/yefIer $ube.J" bulunduQu<br />
Içln, aym zlIm.nda bu ,ubi d. kandlS/n. ba~ilyd,.<br />
, .,: Y;~kICIF.. //y,lIer ~vbesrn/n "TerfHI. MOcMJeIe Oll-<br />
.riel''". -dlJnü,türüfmesf' ça/lfm./armdl bulundU, T.ror Oa/.<br />
res!'n;n I/k Sa,kam T_ Merk;. bu QOrev<strong>de</strong> bir yll<br />
ka/dl. Anar,; v. I.rar konu/ar!nd;a ihllsas sahibi olan AI.<br />
~n. Merlç't.n bOSlllan Q
•<br />
Emia<br />
PA.ZAItCI<br />
ANKARA, ('&n:ömau)-<br />
~k1yanm Dotu ve GOneydolu<br />
Anadolu bölgelerimiz<strong>de</strong>,<br />
kadm çocuk <strong>de</strong>me<strong>de</strong>n masum<br />
insanlan katl<strong>et</strong>mesinin<br />
Avrupa'run tepkisine yolaçmasl<br />
bölOeUleri birbirlerine<br />
dOJOrdO.<br />
12 EylOl 1980 sonrasl<br />
PKK'dan aynJarak "Partiye<br />
~ak Karlœrea KünlIstaa"<br />
(PPKK) adl altlnda te$kilâtlanan<br />
Moskova yarJ\sl bölUctller,<br />
Pl
•<br />
Tercfunan 29.10.87<br />
COU 'LU GERSTER:<br />
HalDburg'dakl clnaYld<br />
Pli 'III dl<br />
o<br />
• CDU'lu Gerster, aliln uçtaki bütün yabanci ku- ,<br />
rulu~larin faaliy<strong>et</strong>inin yasaklanmaSIOI istedi .<br />
BONN (Tercoman}Hristi-' olarak Hamburg'cIa SOin \ ,,, E A.. ydm.<br />
'yan Demokratve Sosyal solcu tOrkler araslnda Ç1- ..<br />
0;<br />
Birlik Partisi CDUlCSU l'"e- kan 98bljmada bir kil)inln öl- . "'karo. genit Çaptà blr sOru~<br />
<strong>de</strong>ral MeelisGrubu ve lç~- dOOunOve el<strong>de</strong>kl kanttllJ"n " turma açt~,"1 bildiren sOzlen<br />
Komisyonu SözcusO da cinay<strong>et</strong>in MKOrdlstan~I cO,0 F~I HOkOm<strong>et</strong>ten<br />
JohannesGerster, Fe<strong>de</strong>ral PortIsi" olarak adlandlnlan <strong>de</strong>, Meclis Iç,leri Komlsyo-<br />
Almanya'mn, a~1Ouçlara Ortadoksz KomOnistterOr nu'nun Hktoplanbsmdaa$ln<br />
mensupyabancllar tara'lndan<br />
savq alam haline georganizasyonuPKKtara'lndan<br />
~lendïainl gOsterdi(lini<br />
yabanCllann durumu hak-<br />
klnda bilgl vermesiniistedi.<br />
tirilemeyeceOinlbelirterek, sOvtedi.pKf('mn Içte ve d~- ~In uçtakl bOtOnyollann.<br />
"Bunlara ka". yasal bOtOn ta bu tor pek çok ey!emegi- <strong>de</strong>nenlp,yasal bOlOntedbirtedblrlel1nalmmaSllI-istedi.<br />
ri~tiOinihatlliatan Gerster, IerinyasamageçirilmesigO-<br />
Son zarnanlardayaban- "KOrtTOl1dll1'nlnsaldmelVI NIIOnG sawnan Gerster<br />
Cllararaslndagi<strong>de</strong>rekartan ,Iddlt Iylemlerlnl c1ahataz- eyal<strong>et</strong>lere <strong>de</strong> çaOndabulusilahh<br />
çatl~malann end~e la g6z yumulamayacoOtnl" narak .'1ldd<strong>et</strong> Iyllmllrlne<br />
verici boyutlara ula~tlOlna açlkladl. Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Savclmn kanfCInyabaRCllann<strong>de</strong>rtlal<br />
dikkati çeken sOzcü, son bu yaz aylannda bunlara slnlrd"l edllmelel1nr'istedi.<br />
~ ~ 30.10.87<br />
• Eski bakanlardan, SHPDiyarbakir<br />
mill<strong>et</strong>vekili adaYI Recai isken<strong>de</strong>roglu,<br />
"Türklerle. Kürtier lç içe<br />
geçmistir" <strong>de</strong>di ve söyle <strong>de</strong>vam <strong>et</strong>ti:<br />
"seçilirsem Kürt sorURunuMeclis<br />
gün<strong>de</strong>mine g<strong>et</strong>irecegim"<br />
• isken<strong>de</strong>roglu, "Bugünkü l1üküm<strong>et</strong>,<br />
evrensellnsan haklanlçln<strong>de</strong><br />
ver alan her ulusun Özgürlükçü<br />
h~klan anJaYISIlçln<strong>de</strong> soruna çözum<br />
aramalIdir" seklln<strong>de</strong> konustu<br />
80<br />
Reea; Isken<strong>de</strong>roglu<br />
eEski bakan, SHP DiyarbakIr aday adaYIRecai isken<strong>de</strong>roglu'nun görü~ü:<br />
.. Kürt sorununu meclise g<strong>et</strong>irecegim~<br />
PKK'II da .<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in evladl<br />
• iFlönü döneminin Imar ve Iskàn Bakam Recai Isken<strong>de</strong>roglu,<br />
"Parlamentoya girersem ilk Islm<br />
Kürt sorununu gün<strong>de</strong>me g<strong>et</strong>lrmek olacak" <strong>de</strong>di<br />
• Kürt sorununUn TÜrklye sorur,lanmn aYrilmaz<br />
blr parçasl nltellgl taSldlglm savunan Isken<strong>de</strong>roglu,<br />
"Olaylara sosyo-slyasal,müsflk ve clddl<br />
yaklaSlmlarla çözüm bulunmall" seklln<strong>de</strong> kanustu<br />
I ~<br />
• Seyf<strong>et</strong>tln<br />
• DIYARBAKIR<br />
(Mil-HA)<br />
IEISKi bakanlardan, SHP DiyarbakIr<br />
mill<strong>et</strong>vekili aday<br />
aelaYI Real ilk<strong>et</strong>l<strong>de</strong>roilu,<br />
Kürt sorununa iki taralh çözüm yollanmo<br />
aranmaslD1D gerektigini belirterek,<br />
"Pariameltorl prenem<br />
• Jp. lirt IOIU ... pn<strong>de</strong>me<br />
",k oIIcakbr" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
MiI-Ha'ya öz<strong>et</strong> bir <strong>de</strong>meç veren<br />
~t laöaä döneminin !mar ve iskân<br />
Bakam, SHP Diyarbakir miIl<strong>et</strong>veldli<br />
aday adaYl Recli<br />
isken<strong>de</strong>rogla, Güneydogu Anado- .<br />
lu Bölgesi'o<strong>de</strong>ki olaylarda öleo ve<br />
ö\tJüren ki$ilerio <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>yl<strong>et</strong>io eyll(ll<br />
ohluguou ira<strong>de</strong> e<strong>de</strong>rek, Kürt sorunuoa<br />
daba gerçekçi ve çagd~ dü-<br />
~üoce tarD ile yakl~lImaslm istedi.<br />
Reell iskeBcleroilu, Kürt soruou<br />
ile iIgili olarak, "Doiu Ye Gi-<br />
Berdoiu'dlki sosrO-11rlnl ye<br />
erlemsel olaylan cerçekç1, mi,fik<br />
OZGEZER<br />
n dddlrakllJlJnlartl çözüm buluamm<br />
&treldr. M1II<strong>et</strong>,ekili -teÇ1-<br />
liIlem, !aikimel ,e c1e,l<strong>et</strong> dize'<br />
Jia<strong>de</strong> oIsua, içte ve dlltl olsua, 11k<br />
KÖrenm bu IOruulan çözüm lra-<br />
JlII ;oeKirt lOIUauau diIe c<strong>et</strong>irmek<br />
oIacaktu" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
IKI TARAFLI YAKLA~IM<br />
Kürt sorununun Türkiye sorunlanodao<br />
ayn dÜ$üoü!emez bir par-<br />
~a olduguou ileri süreo Recai<br />
Iskea<strong>de</strong>roglu, Güneydogu'daki<br />
olaylarda öleoleri <strong>de</strong>yl<strong>et</strong>io eylltll'<br />
n olarak oiteledigi <strong>de</strong>mecio<strong>de</strong> $UO<br />
Ian sövledi:<br />
"PU'1IIar da.~u....<br />
dir. lid lllill<strong>et</strong> 0 <strong>de</strong>lii biJtJlrlae uralJllllftJr.<br />
PKK'D11 ö1dirdükJert<br />
dul<strong>et</strong>ia nlldldlr. Kirt IOruau,<br />
Tür\( soruau.dla lynlmlI bir bi-<br />
IÜ.D oIarak mütllu edi1meIidir. Ba-.<br />
al 16re, bu IOI1IIU dJUIi pla ..<br />
çekerek, Ikl tlralb YlkllJlmllrtl<br />
çöztm yoUafl araamabdir. Bupaki<br />
Jaikimel, eyreuel 1II1II Jalklanlçla<strong>de</strong><br />
.rer alai !aer ,lu"l<br />
öqiirläkçi Jaaklan.am au1aJlllIçln<strong>de</strong><br />
101"1" çözill UIDIahdlr. SoruauD<br />
çöziilliaüa temeUl<strong>de</strong><br />
Tirldre'<strong>de</strong> '*'" aI1uut bulu,";<br />
<strong>de</strong>mokru1ala !aar'" ceç1ri1memesl<br />
rltmlktldJr. Yani Tiiddre'cIe <strong>de</strong>-<br />
IIOkralik <strong>de</strong>,rtll 1ireda1 Il.tmlk<br />
ve oal UlrUli dÜzeDIe<br />
aerçekJqtinnek ~reldr."<br />
GAP'A "VANONI" MooeLi<br />
iskea<strong>de</strong>roilu, Güneydogu ~adolu<br />
Projesj'o<strong>de</strong> b~ya ~dabilmesi<br />
için Güney ltalya'da yillar<br />
öoce uygulaoao V laoul mo<strong>de</strong>D gibi<br />
özel bir kaikInma plammo uygulanmasl<br />
gerektigini belirterek, bu<br />
koouda da $uolan söyledi:<br />
"GAP'llÜratle,dirmek ayml<br />
Firat havzlSllullkl uypIlmalan,<br />
oaun süratle1ldirilmesiDe plralel<br />
old Diele Jal\'ZlSlldald rltuun-<br />
Ian da siratleadirmek ~rek1r. Bulua<br />
dIpada Gi,eyl!oiu'rl GAP'<br />
tu lJl1oIIrak Gùey IlIIJa'da dalla<br />
öate ur&ulluy ve hllYI'aID<br />
ka1laamllSllll sailaru profesiir VIaoni'aiu<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>liue beazer özel bir<br />
pllu ve kalklDml mo<strong>de</strong>lleri uygu.<br />
Ilamahdlr. "
&<br />
•<br />
30.10.87<br />
5 PKK'lIya idam istemi<br />
• Fclruk BAlIKÇ/<br />
• DiYARBAKIR. Mil-HA<br />
ARDIN. NU'dvbiu ve<br />
UOmerli yore\mue laahycl<br />
l!!!I gOlternd biri ustegmclI (,<br />
a,krri jehi: ,~,~~. blr ,ure ollee NIIlaybin'uc<br />
<strong>de</strong>miryotu koprusunc sa.<br />
botaj duzcnlcyclI IS PKK'hdan 5'i<br />
h,lkkmda olum !;fzaSI isteniyoL<br />
Mardin ve yoresindc yakalallan<br />
IS PKK'h hakklßua DGM Savelsl,<br />
h,wrlaul~ iudiallamClm<strong>de</strong>, "Kim<br />
Mustaf." diye allliall /ladi Alp-<br />
\oY'III1.Suleyman (clinkaya ilc bir.<br />
likte a,keri araca pUIUkuraiak bir<br />
ultegmtll ilc 2 CflII lehit edilmesi<br />
olaYlllJ kJflj:.:.:.: .........:.:...,Ji. SJ'.<br />
CI, ,alllklardall /ladi Alpsoy, mZj:<br />
ni ('mar, Saruban Akad, Nezir III<br />
ban vc Slileyman Ç<strong>et</strong>inkay.'mn<br />
cylcmleri ne<strong>de</strong>niyle olum eezasma<br />
çarptlCllmaslm iSledi.<br />
bit.<br />
Aynca, Mardin ve yorcsill<strong>de</strong><br />
PKK örgutune yardlm ve yatakhk<br />
yapan 13 samk hakklßda da 3-5 YII<br />
hapis cezasi istendi.<br />
M<br />
.Terciiman<br />
1 terörist<br />
Öldürüldü<br />
lOYAl, flcrtiamaa)- lrak~<br />
tan Balman'a p<strong>et</strong>rol ta$lyaD<br />
iki tanker, boWeU e~klya tarafmdan<br />
yaktlda. ~klya sofOrJeri bir<br />
daba p<strong>et</strong>rol ta$lmamaJanru sOy_<br />
leyerek rehdit eui. Mardin'in<br />
Gere~ ilçesin<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> I terOrist 01-<br />
dUrUldO.<br />
Önceki gUn saat 10.00 Slralannda<br />
Midyat-GercU~ karayolu<br />
Yola~ kOyUyakmlannda lrak~<br />
tan Sfut';n Batman ilçesine p<strong>et</strong>rol<br />
ta$lyan iki tanker bir grup bo-<br />
30.10.87<br />
IUcüqklya tarafmdan durdurul-'<br />
du. ~för1eri araçlardan indiren<br />
w: biraraya topiayan qkJya iki<br />
tankerin p<strong>et</strong>rolüno yeJe boplrarak<br />
tanka-Ien tamamen alqe w:-<br />
rip yaktl.<br />
Ole yandan, Mardin Emniy<strong>et</strong><br />
MUdOrlUlll'nce .yap1lan operasyonlar<br />
sonucu PICK sempatizan-<br />
Ian oJduklan tesbit edilen Mablum<br />
Bada" ~~ K.ducaa,<br />
Abdülw:bap" KIId.c .. , - Huaa<br />
Kut1ucaa, All Ccylaa, Cem<br />
Aras, Nenat EIlk, tdma. IUDo,<br />
Abdurnbmaa Göfer, Abdullab<br />
Çnik w: AJua<strong>et</strong> 8e&a adb $lIIus-<br />
Jar yakalandl.<br />
~ 30.10.B7<br />
• Uyu~turucu satlclSI Nusr<strong>et</strong> AY'ln kizi kaYlp<br />
PKK-mafya hesapla,masi<br />
•<br />
UYU$turueu satle'SI Nusr<strong>et</strong> Ay'," PKK'ya boreunu ö<strong>de</strong>medlOI,<br />
bunun lçln <strong>de</strong> klzt Hasr<strong>et</strong>'In mllitaniarea ka-<br />
Çtrlld,gl güvenllk ve Istlhbarat blrlmlerl y<strong>et</strong>kllllerinee<br />
açtklandl<br />
tanlanRln yanmda oldugu yolunda<br />
kesin istihbarat bulundugunu soyleyen<br />
y<strong>et</strong>kiliJer, HUlfl'in kaçmJnu$<br />
olabilecegi üzerin<strong>de</strong> duruyorjar. Y<strong>et</strong>kililer<br />
Hur<strong>et</strong>'in arncasl ve erkek<br />
kar<strong>de</strong>$inin örgüt elern1R1olduklan,<br />
Nusnl AY'ID bunlan kaçlOnak için<br />
ID milyon lira harcayarak pasaport<br />
ahp Isviçre'<strong>de</strong> doklor Tank Ekind'nin<br />
yaRlna gön<strong>de</strong>rdigi yotunda<br />
bilgiler oldugunu kayd<strong>et</strong>tiler.<br />
500 MILYON<br />
KIM DEN GELDi?<br />
Güven1ik birimlerine ul~n bi!.<br />
giler<strong>de</strong>, Nusrel Ay adJna Hollanda<br />
ya da A1manya'dan 500 milyon lira<br />
havale ç1kartJldJiJ, ancak bu paramo<br />
kim tarafmdan ve ne amaçla<br />
göo<strong>de</strong>rildijinio lespl edilemediji !Je.-<br />
lirtildi. Havalenin Istanbul'da bir<br />
banka $ubesme göo<strong>de</strong>rildigi, NusreI<br />
Atm da Istanbul'da YlijadJiJ<br />
yolundaki bilgiler <strong>de</strong> Ay'm emniy<strong>et</strong>.<br />
lui dosyasma ekleumi$ durumda.<br />
ALAATTIN ZUHURLU'NUN<br />
ROLÜ<br />
y<strong>et</strong>kiliJer bu arada, 12 Haziran'<br />
da Diyarbakir $Chir merkezio<strong>de</strong> ölü<br />
olarak eIe geçirilen Se1ll1r kod adlt<br />
Alullill Zuillulu i1e Nusr<strong>et</strong> Ay arasmdaki<br />
bai1an1lY\anijUnyoriar. Ay:<br />
DI y<strong>et</strong>kililer, Nusr<strong>et</strong> Ay'm kll~<br />
Hurel Ay'm, AlnUla Zuburlu<br />
nun öldürü1rnesin<strong>de</strong>o hemen sonra<br />
ortadan kayboldugunu da sÖllerine<br />
eklediler.<br />
Örgiitün u)'Iijturucu traligi ve fi.<br />
nansman i$leri sorumlusu olan A1.-<br />
aUla Zuburlu 'oun beraberin<strong>de</strong><br />
Mebmel Dli ile Diyarbakir $eh;.r<br />
merkezine izinsil olarak inmesi 'le<br />
esranru koruyor. 81
oSay.n K.nyas Karlai, ya,amöykünüz<br />
gerçek bir roman konusu. Soyyeller<br />
Birllgi'n<strong>de</strong> harp okulu bUirmiS ve<br />
Sovy<strong>et</strong> ordûsunda subßv..k VR('lm'c;<br />
bir insanson.z. Sonra Turkiye'ye kaç.p<br />
asirelinizin ba",na geçiyorsunuz<br />
ve 1965 - 1980 ylilan araslnda Van<br />
millelvekilligi yap'yorsunuz. Önürnüz<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
1 KaSlm seçimlerln<strong>de</strong> DVP<br />
Van IIslesinln Ilk SlraSlnd. yer<br />
altyorsunuz. Vine seçlleceksiniz ve<br />
Meclis'e gelecekslnlz. Bundan önc:e<br />
birkaç kez oldugu gib!, ,imdi <strong>de</strong><br />
"en yaSIt üye" Sllabyla yenisi seçllene<br />
kadar è>1eclis BaSkanltg. y.p._<br />
cakslmz. 8enlm bu konuda aklnn",<br />
hiç almad.g. bir olay var ... Bu olay,<br />
Iipik bir karamizah örn.gi. Onu .Ize<br />
biraz sonra sorac.gom... Türklye'<br />
<strong>de</strong>n ba.ka bir ülke<strong>de</strong>, böyle blr ,.y<br />
olamaz... SaYln bUyügüm, slz gelmi,sinlz<br />
87 ya'moz .... Arlol< .eçlme<br />
girmeseydlniz <strong>de</strong>, yerlnizl gençler.<br />
btrak •• ydlnlZ d.ha Iyl olmez m.ydI?<br />
Beyelena" arz e<strong>de</strong>y.m ... Ben g,rmemeye karar<br />
ver m" ,d.m. Hatta benom oglum genç id.<br />
ve DVP Van Il Ba,kan. id.. Ama Demorel<br />
buna müsaa<strong>de</strong> elmed .. Bana <strong>de</strong>di ki: "Sen<br />
otacaksm. Senln mrbOIt'! bin d.ha I.zla oy<br />
gelirir" .., Ben <strong>de</strong> bu ,wsile .Ie kend.s.no kormad'm,<br />
Rus ordusunda sub.yltkl.n bu günlere<br />
naSlI geldlnlz el.ndim?<br />
O<br />
Beyelend, bu ",n en ba~.ndan anlatay'm. Ben,m<br />
atalanm Dlyarbakor dan Igdor'a göçmi.l~<br />
1er. Bugun oralarda IO<strong>de</strong>r Devlel Orelme Çlffligi<br />
vardor 0 gem, araz,ler hep bizimm~. 0<br />
zaman oralan Iran toprag •• m.,. Sonra oralaro<br />
Rus yon<strong>et</strong>,m.ne geçince, alalarom Rus yôr1<strong>et</strong>im,n<strong>de</strong><br />
kalm"lar. BIz böylece Rusya'da kald,-<br />
g,m,z lÇ,n ben orada okula ba,ladlm. Bu arada<br />
b,z.m Brukan ~oreb Iran'a w oradan da<br />
Turk'ye'ye göç elm', idi. Ben onlann izini<br />
l
•<br />
DEVAN<br />
ka blr idares,z"k vard'r. btr hatamlz vardlr<br />
Arap kötü. 0 kölu. bu kötu ... Peki hep biz m,<br />
iy'y'z? Zaval" Kurt senon IÇln canono venyor.<br />
kanono venyor. Harbe gän<strong>de</strong>nyorsun. öluyor ...<br />
Ve sen<strong>de</strong>n hlÇbor ~ey islem,yor 0 cahil<br />
adamdIr. Sen onun Slrt,no b,raz ok~arsan. 0<br />
boter. Sen onu sev. onu ok~a ... Dogulu'yu seveceksln.<br />
Sen<strong>de</strong>n sa<strong>de</strong>ce sev,lmey, beKhyor 0<br />
adam. Vallaht 0 zaman sana camm vem<br />
Beyefendl ~~r:.. 10. ...... - l ".'. , '<br />
Isra,i'1 vardlr. Ermeno'non g,<strong>de</strong>cek Husya s,<br />
vard,r. Herkes,n gl<strong>de</strong>cegi b,r yen vardlr ama<br />
blz,m gl<strong>de</strong>cek blr yenmiz yoktur. B,z bu topraklann.<br />
bu memlekehn ,nsanlany'z.<br />
5.10.87<br />
1901 yùInela: Igd1r'm Toru.nkent Köyü'n<strong>de</strong> dogdu. Sovy<strong>et</strong>ler<br />
Btrllgi'n<strong>de</strong> asker1 lise ok:udu va da.ha. sonra Sovy<strong>et</strong>1er Birl1gi<br />
Harp Okulu'nu bitirdi,. Rus ordusunda tegmen rütbesiyle<br />
görev yapan K1nyas Ka..rta.l bir süre sonra Türkiye'ye ka.çtl<br />
va B$I'<strong>et</strong>.1n1n ~ma. geçt1.. Van'da bulunan Bruka.n<br />
~1r<strong>et</strong>1'n1n reis1 va a€asl ola.n K1nyas Kartal, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong><br />
ta.ra.fmdan üç Irez sürgün edildi 1965 ylimela Adal<strong>et</strong> Partisi<br />
Van M1ll<strong>et</strong>vek1l1seçilen Kartal, 12 Eylùl 1980 ha.rekâ.tma.<br />
kada.r TBMM'<strong>de</strong> m1ll<strong>et</strong>vek1l1 olàra.k görev yaptl. ~1tli<br />
zama.nle.rda. 'en y&.I;ll1~. sûa.tJyla TBMM ~ka.nlJgl yaptl.<br />
Rusça. va Kürtçe bilen K1n,ya.s Aga evil va on çocuk. ba.bssL<br />
Kürtler Türkler1 çok sever. Evvela ikisi <strong>de</strong> Müslüman'<br />
d1r. Zavall1 Kürt, senin iç1n camru veriyor, karuru<br />
veriyor. Harbe gön<strong>de</strong>riyorsun, öltiyor. Ve sen<strong>de</strong>n bir<br />
eey istemiyor. Sen onun Sll'tlill biraz ok$8..Sa.R0 biter. Sen<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sa<strong>de</strong>ce sevilmeyi bekliyor 0 ada.m.<br />
B<br />
O<br />
12 Eylill aonr",ncla <strong>et</strong>. .UrUlcIOnüz<br />
mU?<br />
Beyelendi. çok ~ükür kl sürmediler" 12 Eylüi'<br />
un ,htilali, benim içln en ehven (uygun) g8ÇlrdiQlmiz<br />
bir ihtilaJ olmu~tur!.. (Kllhbha"') ...<br />
Vanl 12 EylUJ'ü h1çblr urar gör.<br />
O<br />
~<strong>de</strong>n au.ttnz ml"<br />
Laran. Mechs kapandl... Ben <strong>de</strong> mlll<strong>et</strong>vek,lIil'lin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
~mü~ oIdurn ... $ükür kl dü~tüm beyelendi.<br />
Allah Kenan Evren Pa~'ya uzun<br />
ömürler versin. Mec/is'te Iken aldlOtm ma",<br />
1z sürgün edildik, hapis yatt1k ve ç1ktlk. Benim 9.500<br />
dônÜffi topraguna. el koydular. Diger agalarm toprakla.ruu<br />
ia<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>tiler. Aradan tam 27 yù geçti ve ben<br />
<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>ten hâlâ. topraklarlffiill geri verilmesini bek.l1yorum.<br />
O<br />
SaYln Kerlel slzl anhyorum elendim.<br />
Pekl s1z Kürt asllil olmanlzln sonucu<br />
olerek keç kez sürgün edildiniz?<br />
Beyefendl ben, uç <strong>de</strong>fa sevk elt,ler Kurl <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>med,ler <strong>de</strong>, 6yle surduler 'sIe' 1926 yd,n.<br />
da $eyh Sait Isyan,'ndan sonra surdu1er. 1937<br />
y,ltnda surduler, en son olarak da 27 May,s<br />
1960 ,ht,lal.n<strong>de</strong> surduler<br />
O<br />
Demek kl ilk iki sürgününüz Atatürk<br />
dönemln<strong>de</strong> oluyor. Örne\iin $eyh<br />
Sait i.yen!'ne 'alan k<strong>et</strong>llmls mlYdm,z?<br />
Bir suçunuz var m'ydl?<br />
Beyefend, oyle b.r sey olsa, mullaka yargdamrdlm.<br />
Maelesel 0 Slralarda bunu soran k,m.<br />
se yoklu. i~te Kürt as,lltYlz dlye ..<br />
Ana dilim Kürtçe' dir.<br />
Ben Türkiye'<strong>de</strong><br />
okul gönnemi~.<br />
Meclis'e geldim.<br />
Kon~ mon~ Biraz<br />
i1erl<strong>et</strong>tim TÜTkçe'yi,<br />
halen <strong>de</strong> noksamm çok.<br />
O<br />
1937 YJhnda ne oImu.tu da .Urü!.<br />
dOnOz?<br />
Ne oIacak beyalendi? 1960 y,ltnda ne oldu k"<br />
1937 )'IlInda bir ~ey olsun!<br />
beno ya idare e<strong>de</strong>r d, ya da <strong>et</strong>mez 1dI. ~<br />
dan soora ben kendime yedi sekiz sene ça' ...<br />
tIm ve be$ on kur~ para toplalT1ll1 oldum.<br />
$imdi 1 Kastm seçimlerin<strong>de</strong> y'ne mill<strong>et</strong>vek~i<br />
oluyorum. Korkanm 0 topIadlg.m para y.ne<br />
gilsin.<br />
o~f""bnIz <strong>et</strong>. para lopladlnlz<br />
Bir yerim var idi. Onu pasaJ yapllm. O{jlumun<br />
eczanesi vardtr. Bu pasaj ~imdi bana ayda iki<br />
milyon lira para gellriyor. Ekinlerim vardlr.<br />
Arazim<strong>de</strong> çal"bm.<br />
O<br />
Slzln toprak"ra '0 May. Ïhtll8ll<br />
_asancIa el Iloymll/lllf.... tnIyd11<br />
SonuncI8 Ilurtarabiklnlz mlloprall'.<br />
rftZl?<br />
Beyelendi çok iyi sordunuz. Onu da arz<br />
e<strong>de</strong>yim ... (Teybl Il.. te<strong>et</strong>.rell) ... $jmdi bu al<strong>et</strong>,<br />
konu~tuklanmlzl zapledlyor mu?<br />
oZaptediyOl'<br />
elend1m.<br />
Bayerendl 'Zr MaylS sonraSlnda biz sürgün<br />
edlldlk, hapis yattlk va çlkt.k. Benim 9.500 dönum<br />
toprag'ma el koydular. Diller a!)alann<br />
topraklanna da el koydular ama, bir süre sonra<br />
onlan ,a<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>tller. Aradan 27 yll geçb ve<br />
ben <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>ten hâlà topraklanm.n geri verilmeslni<br />
bekllyorum. Danl~tay'da dava aç'p kazan-'<br />
dlk. Danl~tay diyor kl "Verin". ancak <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong><br />
verm,yor. Burokrasi vermlyor. Adal<strong>et</strong> kararlanna<br />
ragmen, ben topraklar,ml gen alamo.<br />
yorum beyelendo. Oemek k. biJrokrllSl. bu l»-<br />
ke<strong>de</strong> mahkeme kararlarondan daha guçlu<br />
imi~. Galtba Anayasamlzda da varm'~ ... SaYln<br />
Cumhurba~kano da Slk slk "Türklye bit hullull<br />
<strong>de</strong>Y"lldlr" diyor Idl. Bu durum. maalesel b'-<br />
raz tereddùtludÜr. EOer hukukun üstunluQu<br />
vars a, mahkeme kararlan y,lIardlr nlÇIn uygulanmlYor?<br />
Berek<strong>et</strong> Yersin kl. 0 topraklan<br />
',Ine ben ku)lanoyorum. Ancak lapu benlm<br />
, .ft~i,...,o ..."\..i' ...... n. _1_ ~. ~_ • r .....<br />
:.Imu<br />
ID Ayn.n yezenm Ofer.jim.. ,<br />
"anUi! aOa/lln hapsine topraklan ia<strong>de</strong> edildi,<br />
I~r tek ben kaidirn. Beyelendi 1965 • 1980<br />
, .rlSlnda onbe~ yll mill<strong>et</strong>vekilliQim var. takdlr<br />
I.<strong>de</strong>rsiniz kl anar~i ve terör 12 Eylül önceslnfle<br />
bOwn memlek<strong>et</strong>lmlz<strong>de</strong> alm'~ ve yürümü!7'<br />
1J. Girmeyen blr tek vilay<strong>et</strong> varsa. 0 da Van<br />
l ,Imu~tur. Van'a giremeyi$,nin sebebl ben va<br />
I enim mensup olduljur' cr ,,'" R'l t ... ,<br />
i,in vermed,k. Ama mUkd'dl v;drak Den, su,-<br />
düler ve arazlml ellp vermedller. Beyelendr,<br />
hen Adal<strong>et</strong> Parl,si'nin lelseles,m bemmsemi~<br />
hir insanom. Süleyman Oemirei'e çok büyuk<br />
, ayglm ve sevgim mevcuttur. Istanbul'da b'J<br />
!Iolculann lerlip elfikleri mltingler<strong>de</strong> Atatürk rerirllieri<br />
yerine Stalin resimleri ve ~unlann<br />
I,unlarln resimleri ver idi. Adal<strong>et</strong> Partisi'nin<br />
11unlara kar~1 düzenlediQi "BeyreQ. SlIygI"<br />
,nltinglerln<strong>de</strong> en ön<strong>de</strong> ve en ba~ta, en ya$1i<br />
olduQum hal<strong>de</strong> ben vardlm. Bey<strong>et</strong>endi bu be-<br />
111m gOrevim. Ben memlek<strong>et</strong>ini seven<br />
adam1m. Ben Türk'üm. Elbe!te ki Türk bayra-<br />
!}Im seyar ve severim. Bu benim için bir görevdir.<br />
Fakal buna raQmen ben hep zarar<br />
gôrdüm ve hakklml alamadlm.<br />
O<br />
Pelll ama .Iandlm, .Iz onb •• YI' SU.<br />
"yman [)emlrenn yan'nda mlll.tv ••<br />
11111101 yapm,. blr In.an.mIL Oemlrel'In<br />
ba.ballan oIduQu dlln.mlerd.<br />
Ilendl.lne .llyl ••• ydlnlz, Demirel<br />
emir yarlrdl YB lopreklarlnlzl d.rhal<br />
ahrd,n,z.<br />
Beyelendi ben bu durumu bir tek gün bile<br />
Süleyman Bey'e intikal elfirmedim. Valmz 0<br />
zaman lsm<strong>et</strong> Sezgin Maliye Bakam idi. Bir.iki<br />
<strong>de</strong>la ona <strong>de</strong>dim. Fakat maalesel, bütün çabalanmlza<br />
raOmen 0 da bu i~i bürokrasi<strong>de</strong>n<br />
kurtaramadl.<br />
O<br />
0 zam.n belIlI d. d.yl.tln /.t1hb.r<strong>et</strong><br />
llrgUtI.rln<strong>de</strong> "zln Iç!n glzll rllporler<br />
varcltr. Acaba var ml? .<br />
Beyelendi size bir ~ey arz e<strong>de</strong>cellim ... Tahmin<br />
ediyorum ki VIIrdlr. Oiyeceksiniz ki: "Sen<br />
akIlD <strong>de</strong> allzUnI. gllrdOn mU?..... VooO..,<br />
Am. ben f1.e tablylm,<br />
O<br />
Vanl MIT lallln .Izi Il.I.ml .... Oyl.<br />
ml?<br />
Fi~lenm"im!... Bey<strong>et</strong>end'. benim onbe~ y,l <strong>de</strong>veml!<br />
mill<strong>et</strong>vakilligim verdir. Alli yedi ay, en<br />
ya~1I Oye sllallyla Meclls Ba~kanl!lll yapt,m.<br />
Buna raQmen ne .cldlr ki. 1'$liyim.<br />
O<br />
Garç.kl.n çok ac, ... P.1l1 bUtUn bun.<br />
'ar ba.m,Z8 KUrt .. Ilh olmaktIIn ml<br />
gallyor?<br />
~Iendl, 'Zr MaylS Ihtilalin<strong>de</strong>n sonra bir gün.<br />
Mllh Slrlill Komlt •• 1 üyelerin<strong>de</strong>n Muclp Atekh<br />
ile bir konu~mamlz oldu. Kendisl ~imdi ölmü~wr,<br />
Allah rahm<strong>et</strong> eylesin. Bizi Slves'a,<br />
~uraya buraya sürmü~lerdi. Ondan sonra bunlarla<br />
temasa geçtik. Bana <strong>de</strong>di kir "Senlm<br />
bab.m Arnayut'tur ama ben TUrll'Um" ... Ben<br />
<strong>de</strong> buna <strong>de</strong>dim kl: "8.n da TUrk'Um, B.nlm<br />
babllm KUrt'IOr ama ben dlyorum kl b.n<br />
TOrll'Um. Fllklll .Iz b.nlm TUrll olduQumu<br />
kllbul .tmlyOl'.unuz..... "N .. 11 Illlbui .tml.<br />
y'OI'uz?" diye 'ordu. Bunun üzerine <strong>de</strong>dim kl:<br />
'81z benlm hakk""da YUlyor.unuz III KUrt<br />
allllh Klny.. Karl8l. Senln beben Arnllyut<br />
a"'hdlr lima .an dlY\OI'.un k! ben Türll'üm<br />
VII kwtuluYOl'8Un. Benlm bllbam Kürt'tür.<br />
Ben dlyorum III ben <strong>et</strong>. Türk'üm, lima ben<br />
bIr lÜrlU kurlulamlYOl'um. Acllba bu nau I~.<br />
tlr?"... (SUrellll kehllahe"r) ...<br />
O<br />
O<br />
Fi~1111Ildurumunuz ecaba ~1mcI <strong>de</strong><br />
clevam .dlyor mu?<br />
Tahm.n edoyorum e<strong>de</strong>r!<br />
Vani Kürt allllh oImak yUzüncien ml<br />
Ilflenml. durumdallllllZ?<br />
Elb<strong>et</strong>te kl... Hatta bu yüz<strong>de</strong>n, 12 Eylül sonrasinda<br />
telefonumu bile uzun ylilar kestiler bey.<br />
elendl. Bem telelonsuz b,raktllar bu y~'mda.<br />
O<br />
Seym Kerlal, 1965 - 1980 y.... ra ara.<br />
san<strong>de</strong> hlç Ile"ntialz Ven milleivellHI<br />
.eçlldlnlz. Acllbe yUzbln Ill.ilill a,l-<br />
83
•<br />
•<br />
O<br />
DEVAH<br />
rehnlz<strong>de</strong> herkes size Gy verlr mlydl,<br />
yoksa Bizin sandlklardan Adalel<br />
ParUai dl,lnda ba,ka partilere <strong>de</strong> Gy<br />
çlkar mlydl?<br />
Beyelend, onu da arz e<strong>de</strong>Ylm Hayatla lire<br />
vermeyen h'çblr ~ey yoklur Fakat en az fire<br />
veren olursa, y.ne b,zlm a~lrellir. Bunu SUleyman<br />
Bey <strong>de</strong> b"'yor. yanIOdakl herkes <strong>de</strong> bilivor<br />
Halla sandlk ba~kanr s8Çlm gt.inu roye<br />
geld'g' zaman b,z,m koyluler ana <strong>de</strong>rlerdi kl:<br />
"Seneier<strong>de</strong>n beri blzlm sandlklan muhalll<br />
oy çlkmaz. Sen <strong>de</strong> blzlm parlive oy kul-<br />
Ian" Çok zaman onu da Ikna e<strong>de</strong>rlerdl. Yam<br />
b,z,m oralardak, koyler<strong>de</strong> ba~ka oy çlkmaz<br />
B'r le •. oy, blllm d's,mlzda çlkmaz<br />
O<br />
EI.ndlm koskoca K1nyes AOeIllflIL<br />
Aeaba kaç kanOlz varchr?<br />
5.10.87<br />
Elendim önümüz<strong>de</strong>kl 1 Kaslm seçlmlerln<strong>de</strong><br />
blr <strong>de</strong> baktlnlz ki slzln<br />
sandlklardan DYP dl,lndakl parlIIere<br />
<strong>de</strong> oy çlkm.,. 0 zaman ne yapar.<br />
51n1Z?<br />
Im"ânsizdlr beyefendl Kallyen olmaz Bakin<br />
size ,zahln, yapacag,m 27 May's Ihtllalin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
soma Bursa Cezaevl'n<strong>de</strong>y,m Ben<strong>de</strong>n sordUlar<br />
"Anayasa lçin referandum yapllacak,<br />
Kabul oyu mu kullanahm, r<strong>et</strong> oyu mu?"<br />
d've Ben <strong>de</strong> b,zlmkllere <strong>de</strong>d'm kl "Kabul<br />
oyu venn" Sebeblne gelince, blr an once<br />
bu Idare<strong>de</strong>n kUitulalim Benlm kald'glm koyun<br />
adl Özkoy Allar geçm's,n,ze rahm<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong>s.n,<br />
anam 0 zaman hayatla Id, Ben,m koyum<strong>de</strong><br />
sand!k tHr aCI!lyor kl, dokuz tane klrmizl r<strong>et</strong><br />
oyu ç'klYor Koyull muhta" da, amcamln oglu<br />
Haci Re~,t Karlai Amcam og'l' hemen<br />
"Bunu hangi namussuz yaph?" dlye baglrrnilya<br />
bas, \0' An3m da ana d'yor kl. "Dur<br />
hele. sövme. Elunu ben yapm","m" Soruyor!ar<br />
"Te)z.e nlçin yaplln bunu? Biz bu<br />
ka!>ul oylannl senin ogluna danl,arak verdik"<br />
Anan~ ounun uzertne dlyor kl. ueenlm<br />
oglum herhal<strong>de</strong> bunlardan korktu kl. kabul<br />
oyu verin <strong>de</strong>di l3en onun için r<strong>et</strong> oyu verdirdim"<br />
BeJ~j(' ....~~ /\"1~ ::-lab'!IYo" ya, ben<br />
unlardan X('rl\'11\...;~'. l, .t'cksa :,en kabul oyu<br />
verdIr ,r mlyd,m? Yanl anam bunu anlad'g' lçln<br />
koy<strong>de</strong> dokuz kad,n. kandlrmlS Yoksa b,z,m<br />
aslrehmll' mumkun <strong>de</strong>gd kand"amazsln<br />
O<br />
Siz Turkçe'yi Türkiye'ye geklikten<br />
sonra ml ligrendiniz, yoksa h.p bllir<br />
miydiniz?<br />
Yalanclya lan<strong>et</strong> olsun Benrm ana d,lim Kurtçe'dlr<br />
Ben Turklye'<strong>de</strong> ,'kokul gormemi~lm, ortaokul<br />
gormem,s'm, obursunu gormemlslm<br />
Soma Meclls'e geld'", rab" konusluk monu~tuk<br />
ve blraz ,'er'<strong>et</strong>tlm Turkçe'YI Halen <strong>de</strong> noksanlm<br />
çol
• •<br />
tatürk Uluslararasl Ban$ ÖdOIO,<br />
A geçen sene,' ban~la ilgisi biraz<br />
"dolayh" bir kurulu$un, NATO'nun<br />
uzun seneier genel sekr<strong>et</strong>erli~ini yOrOten<br />
Joseph Luns'a verildigi için<br />
epey elqtiriye konu olmu$tu. Hattâ<br />
bu.seçim, yüksek bOrokrasi için<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
baz1 çevrelerce "bir gar' olarak tammlanm1$tl.<br />
Bu sene ele$tiriler,'AtatOrk<br />
Uluslararasl Barl$ ÖdOIO'ne layJk<br />
görOIen Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Almanya Cumhurb8$kam<br />
Richard von Veizsaecker'in<br />
ve "saygm ve <strong>de</strong>mokrat" ki$iliginin<br />
bu ödOllebagd8$unlamaYI$mdan<br />
kaynaklandl. ÖdUl töreninin ertesi<br />
gOnO,bu kez von Weizsaecker'-<br />
inTorkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki <strong>de</strong>mokrasiyi herhangi<br />
bir Batllmm yumU$aksOylemiylesorgulayan<br />
sözlerine içerleyen baZ1 gaz<strong>et</strong>eler<br />
"ödül verdik, <strong>de</strong>mokrasi <strong>de</strong>rsi<br />
dinledik" feryadlyla elqtiri korosuna<br />
aksi cephe<strong>de</strong>n kattldtlar. (BOtOn<br />
bunlar Slddlk Bilgin1iöldüren i$kencecilerin<br />
nihay<strong>et</strong> yar&1Onüne Çlleanldlgl<br />
hafta için<strong>de</strong> oluyordu.)<br />
Atatürk Uluslararasl Ban~ ÖdOlü<br />
Kurulu üyesi Prof.Dr. Hamza Ero~lu'nun<br />
.YeniGQn<strong>de</strong>m'e sOyledileleri,<br />
ça1laJ1lba günkO tOren<strong>de</strong> Opera binasIm<br />
dolduran askeri ve mUlkierkamn<br />
minn<strong>et</strong> hislerini çok iyi Oz<strong>et</strong>liyordu:<br />
"Weizsaecleer'in bu OdülOkabul <strong>et</strong>mesi<br />
büyük bir fedakârhle, Fe<strong>de</strong>ral<br />
Alman Cumhurb8$kam'mn "bunca<br />
mqgalesi arasmda Ankara'ya gelmesi<br />
ve gay<strong>et</strong> tabiî, asd Onemlisi, bOtOn<br />
tenkitlere ra~men ödolO kabu! e<strong>de</strong>rek<br />
TOrkiye'ye sempatisini gOstermesi"ydi.<br />
Gerçekten, von Weîzsaecker,<br />
hem Alman, hem TOrk <strong>de</strong>mokratik<br />
kamuoylannda bu ödOIOkabul <strong>et</strong>tigi<br />
için çok elqtiriùni~ti. .<br />
"Mill<strong>et</strong>siz <strong>de</strong>Yl<strong>et</strong>.nl.Y~I"<br />
AtatOrk Barl$ ÖdülO'nOn statOsO<br />
ve Odü10veren kurul hakkmda, D¥P<br />
Genel Ba$kan YardlmctSl Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Dülger <strong>de</strong>, "Epey $Ophelerimvar" diyordu.<br />
Dülger'e gOre,ödülOn ilk gOze<br />
çarpan Ozelligi,"<strong>de</strong>mokrasi<strong>de</strong>n uzakh~1<br />
ve miIl<strong>et</strong>siz bir <strong>de</strong>v1<strong>et</strong> anlaY1$ml<br />
yansltmasl"ydl. ÖdOIKurulu be$ hOküm<strong>et</strong><br />
temsilcisi, iki Silahb Kuvv<strong>et</strong>-<br />
1ermensubu, YÖK ve AtatOrk YOk.<br />
sek Kurumu B8$kan1an île Cumhurbqkam<br />
ve onun seçtili yedi qi<strong>de</strong>n<br />
olu$uyordu. Mehm<strong>et</strong> DOlger, "Niye<br />
mesela, bu kurulda gaz<strong>et</strong>eciler yok,<br />
mesick odalarl yok, siyas<strong>et</strong>çiler<br />
yok?" diye sormaihtiyact duyuyordu:<br />
"Nobel Ban$ ÖdolO'nOn bir hiklyesi<br />
vardrr. Adam dinamiti bulmU$,bunun<br />
asken amaçlarla kul1am1-<br />
masmdan duydugu OZOntüyle bu<br />
OdOIOnverilmesini vasiy<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong>DlÏftir.<br />
Bu ödOIOnhöyle bir hiklyesi var mldir?<br />
Niye ~u lei$iye<strong>de</strong>~ <strong>de</strong> bu ki$iye<br />
veriliyor? Bir hesap ml var? Geçen sene<br />
ödOI verilen Joseph Luos'un ba.<br />
n$la ne irtibatl vardrr?"<br />
ÖdOIOnstatüsOnOiçlerine sindiremeyenJer,<br />
Fe<strong>de</strong>ral A1manya tarihin<strong>de</strong><br />
ille oturumda en yüleseleoyu alaraie<br />
(l028'<strong>de</strong> 832)seçilenCumhurb8$kam<br />
olan von Weizsaecleer'in "saygm<br />
ki$iligini" bu elqtiriler<strong>de</strong>n ayJrmale<br />
gerel<strong>et</strong>igini lsrarla belirtiyorlarm.<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> DOlger'e gOre zaten en<br />
boyük çeli$ki, mill<strong>et</strong>veJcülilin<strong>de</strong>n belediye<br />
b8$kanl.1l1na,oradan Cumhurbqkanl.1l1na<br />
k~, her k~e<strong>de</strong><br />
"seçim"i yqami$ olan biri ile bOylesi<br />
anti-<strong>de</strong>mokratik yapili bir ödOlarasmdaym.<br />
TtJun - Bo$Itldrtr libl bilmedi.<br />
1987'nin Nobel Ban$ ÖdülO'ne<br />
adll1' gOsterilen bilim adamt Ismail<br />
Bqikçi, "Aksi iddia edilemeyen, aksi<br />
ileri sürOldü~ü zaman suç kabul<br />
editen i<strong>de</strong>olojiler ve sisternJer adma<br />
ödOller koymak göstermelik olmaktan<br />
Otebir ~eyifa<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>mez" diyordu:<br />
"Bu kO$ullaraltmda verilen Atatürk<br />
Uluslararasl Ban$ ÖdülO'nOn ban$m<br />
kurulmasl, kOrunmaslve sOrdürOlme-<br />
si soreeine hiçbir Jëatlctst yoktur. Bu<br />
sa<strong>de</strong>ce, uluslararasl saygmbia olan<br />
<strong>de</strong>mokrat ki$ilerin itibarlarmdan yararlanarak<br />
TUrk <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>inin propagandasml<br />
yapmaya Yarar. TOrkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
,<br />
anti-<strong>de</strong>molcratik uYlllJ~mal..n giz1emeye,<br />
KOrtiere uygulanan D'leÇ1basktIan,<br />
cezaevlerin<strong>de</strong>ki, karakoUardaki<br />
i$kence1erlortJiltye,.~ Fe<strong>de</strong>ral .<br />
Alman CWnJ1ur6qkam bu ödOlOkabul<br />
<strong>et</strong>mek için epey zorla~ olmah.<br />
Nitekim, ödül, 8Çlklanmasmdan<br />
ancak bC$ ay sonra verilebUmi$tîr.<br />
Oysa OdOIOntüzülOne &Ore23 Nisan'da<br />
açlklandlktan sonra, 19 MayJs'ta<br />
verilmesi gerekirdi."<br />
"Diycceklerine dikkat eella!"<br />
ÖdOle yön<strong>et</strong>ik ele~tirileri tOren öncesin<strong>de</strong><br />
YeniGün<strong>de</strong>m muhabirin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
dinleyen bir Alman gaz<strong>et</strong>eci, "Von<br />
Weizsaecker bir OdülOkabul <strong>et</strong>tiyse,<br />
bu, kabul edilebilir bir ödül <strong>de</strong>mektir.<br />
Hem siz konU$masmda<strong>de</strong>moIcrasi<br />
OzerinesöyleyecekJerinedikkat edin"<br />
uyarlsml yapml~tl. Gerçekten, von<br />
Weîzsaeeker'in bu ödülO kabul <strong>et</strong>mesl<br />
belki bir "fedakârhk"tl ama, 0 da<br />
bunun "be<strong>de</strong>Jini" Odülü olU$luran altm<br />
heykelcik ve Parasat he<strong>de</strong>lle <strong>de</strong>lil,<br />
"bUdili gibi kODu$mak"la öd<strong>et</strong>iyordu.<br />
Gerçi ÖdOl'Kurulu'ndan Kaslm '<br />
Gillek, "Yole CaDlm,adam gay<strong>et</strong> iyi<br />
niy<strong>et</strong>le söYledi" diyordu, ama Milli-<br />
)'d'in "TOrk-Aiman soluklulu", ~<br />
TercfJman'm "Alman Cumhurb8$kam'na<br />
'AtatOrk Barl$ ÖdülO' verdik,<br />
'rrkçl basb' propagandasl dinJedik"<br />
diye serzeni$te bulunan mllß$Ctleri<br />
bqka bir izIenimi yanslbyordu. Von<br />
Weîzsaecker'in "<strong>et</strong>nik ve dinî azmbklarm<br />
haklan, insan haklarl, tutuklu<br />
ve hükornJOiere insan onuruna yara-<br />
$lr muamele" konusunda ashnda 01-<br />
dukça "kibar" olan sOzleri, bazl 01-<br />
~Ieri mensuplan tarafmdan "lçi$lere<br />
mOdahale ve mOnaseb<strong>et</strong>sizlik" olarak<br />
yorurnJamrken, "ÖdillO kabul <strong>et</strong>mesine'kar$l<br />
çdcan1an memt1un<strong>et</strong>mek istedi"<br />
yorumu da yaygmdl. Bu arada<br />
Dl$i$leriBakanhl1 von Weizsaeeker'-<br />
in sOzleri hakkmda "hiçbir açlklama<br />
ve yorum" yapllmayacagJm bildirerek,<br />
ashnda OdOlle olan ilgisini <strong>de</strong><br />
Ozerin<strong>de</strong>n atmak ister gibiydi (Ödül<br />
Kurulu'nda Dl$i~leriBakam da bulunuyordu).<br />
Süryullerin<br />
rolü<br />
Bu arada, von Weîzsaeeker'in TOrkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
dinî ve <strong>et</strong>nik llZlnJlklarla<br />
"<strong>de</strong>rin hO$gOrüve saY81için<strong>de</strong> birlik-'<br />
te yqanmasl"m telkin e<strong>de</strong>n sOzleri-<br />
Din armnda, Türkiyc'<strong>de</strong>ki SUryanilerin<br />
Almanya'ya "ani" ve kalabahk<br />
gOçünOn <strong>de</strong> payJ varm. Richard von<br />
Weîzsaecker'in qi Marianne von Weizsaeeker,<br />
Soryani Kilisesi'nin AImanya'daki<br />
en bOyük hamisiydi ve<br />
Bayan von Weizsaecker'in "TOrkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
SOryanilerin kll11dqttlt basblar<br />
kar$lSmdaki OZOntOsO"<strong>de</strong>, kocumm<br />
konu~maslmn satlr aralannda<br />
ifa<strong>de</strong>sini bulmu~tu ... 0<br />
TANIL BORA<br />
81S<br />
18-24.10.87
nexta<br />
SINEMA I YILMAZ GONEY<br />
Nihay<strong>et</strong><br />
••<br />
••<br />
ozgur<br />
olacak<br />
HÜküm<strong>et</strong> Yllmaz GÜney'ln<br />
fllmlerl üzerln<strong>de</strong>kl yasagl<br />
kaldlrmaYI Planllyor.,<br />
BöyleCe sinemasév<strong>et</strong>lerin<br />
7 Ylillk OZleml <strong>de</strong> sona<br />
erecek.<br />
Y<br />
Il: 1978. Ver: Taksim Ven Ils<br />
Sinemasl. Salon hmcahmç dolu.<br />
1$lklar sOnllyor ve projeksiyon<br />
makinesi ~..ahsmaya baslIyor. SaIonda<br />
çJt yok. Herkes onun gorü:1mesini<br />
bekliyor. Ne<strong>de</strong>n sonra kamera<br />
bir duvara yaklaSlyor. Önce bir el<br />
gOrüyoruz duvann llzerin<strong>de</strong> sonri<br />
bir sapka ve nihay<strong>et</strong> bir yQz. Bir an<br />
sonra adamm bUtUn vOcudu béliriyor<br />
per<strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong> ve bir alb, tufanrellr<br />
kopuyor salonda. Artlk her harek<strong>et</strong>i,<br />
her sOzll, tlpkl bir arenada<br />
matadora çekilen oleyler gibi, alklS~<br />
larla "<strong>de</strong>stekleniyor." Sanki bir sinema<br />
yIldlZ1<strong>de</strong>Ail per<strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong>ki, bir efsane.<br />
Adl YIImaz GOney olan ...<br />
Ne zamandlr böylesi gOrüntüler<br />
y~anmlyordu sinema salonlannda.<br />
Filmleri yasaklanmlstl. Ne var ki Su<br />
gOnler<strong>de</strong> bu yasaklann son <strong>de</strong>mlerini<br />
yasadlAI yolunda sinyaUer <strong>de</strong><br />
yok <strong>de</strong>Aildi. HUkOm<strong>et</strong> çevrelerin<strong>de</strong><br />
seçim sonrasl YIImaz GOney filmleri<br />
Ozerin<strong>de</strong>ki YasaAm kalkacagmdan<br />
söz ediliyordu slk slk. Nitekim<br />
konuyla ilgili olarak görü$One basvurduAumuz<br />
Basbakanhk DamSmam<br />
Adnan Kahveci'<strong>de</strong> doAruluyordu<br />
bunu: "Ever. Böyle bir çahsma<br />
var." Bu yön<strong>de</strong> ciddi bir hazlrhgm<br />
olduAunu dogrulayan bir<br />
baska kaynak da Fiyap B~kam<br />
TUrker tnanoglU'ydu. tnanoAlu<br />
~okta'ya yaptlgl açlklamada konuyla<br />
i1giti olarak görUsOne basvuruldugunu<br />
dogruluyor ve verdiAi<br />
yamll söyle öz<strong>et</strong>liyordu: "Zaten<br />
TUrkiye'<strong>de</strong> bir sansUr olaYl var. Bunun<br />
dlsmda bir kiSiyi he<strong>de</strong>f tutmak<br />
ne uygarca bir davramstlr, ne <strong>de</strong><br />
adal<strong>et</strong> mekanizmasma slgar. Kaldlnlmasmda<br />
fayda var. HOkUm<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong><br />
çok büyUk bir puan kazandmr."<br />
"Ben Yllmu Güney'im." 1958<br />
Ylhnda sinemaya giren Yllmaz GUney,<br />
1968 yIlma gelene kadar oynadlgl<br />
vurdulu-klrddl filmlerle, Çirkin<br />
Kral olarak Unleniyordu. Balath<br />
Arif, Kaslmpasah, Benim Adlm<br />
Kerim, Güney'in bu tUr<strong>de</strong>ki en ço~<br />
ses g<strong>et</strong>iren çahsmalanydl. Duru$u,<br />
88<br />
baklSI, harek<strong>et</strong>leri ve boyük ba$a-<br />
.nyla çizdigi kompozisyonlar onu<br />
bir oyuncu olarak dOneminin diAer<br />
isimlerin<strong>de</strong>n farkII bir noktaya g<strong>et</strong>iriyordu.<br />
Seyirci GOney'in filmlerini<br />
dolduruyor, onu bir kurtarlCI<br />
olarak gOrOyordu. Nitekim tngiliz<br />
televizyonuna h8ZJrlanan bir belgesei<strong>de</strong>,<br />
0 Ylllan $Oyle anJatlyordu<br />
GOriey: "Hayranlanmdan aldlA1m<br />
mektuplarda yalmzca sinema ile ilgili<br />
sorular olmuyordu. tnsanlar<br />
ben<strong>de</strong>n çocuklanyla, evlilikle ilgili<br />
sorunlanna cevap vermemi bekliyorlardl.<br />
BOylece beni kurtanci<br />
yapular. Yalmzca per<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>Ail,<br />
özel Yll$amlannda da."<br />
GOney'in 1968'<strong>de</strong>n itibaren Seyyit<br />
Han filmiyle birlikte oyuncuyön<strong>et</strong>men<br />
olarak {oplumsal sorun-<br />
Ian ir<strong>de</strong>leyen filmlere yOnelmesi ve<br />
kendi sinemasml olusturmaya bas~<br />
lama51, seyircisiyle olan sicak baAl<br />
bir kat daha gùçleniyordu. 1970 YIlInda<br />
Umut filmini gerçeklestirmesiyle<br />
birlikte TOrk sinemasma damgasml<br />
vuruyor ve sinemamlZm gOnOm<br />
Oze kadar gelen yolunu çizmesinin<br />
yam ma, yurt dlsmda da<br />
TOrkiye'nin en boyOk sinemacisi<br />
olarak tanmmaya baslIyordu. Bu<br />
dOnem aym zamanda Yllmaz Goney'in<br />
"kurtarlcl" kimliAini benimsediAini<br />
<strong>de</strong> gOsleriyordu. Murat<br />
Belge'nin <strong>de</strong>yisiyle "hem savaSçl,<br />
hem <strong>de</strong>rvi$" olan GOney, tngiliz televizyonundaki<br />
beIgesei<strong>de</strong> sOyledikleriyle<br />
kendi efsanesini kendisi <strong>de</strong><br />
doAruluyordu: "Bana SUsorulabi-<br />
Iir ... TUrkiye'<strong>de</strong>lti cezaevi kosuUan<br />
bu kadar kötO ise, bu. filmleri<br />
nasii yaptm? Nasll örgUtledin? Bu<br />
insanlarla nasii i1iSki kurabildin?<br />
AlçakgönUUOIOAe gerek yok. Ben<br />
YIImaz GOney'im."<br />
Güney'in filmlerl $imdl nere<strong>de</strong>?<br />
YIImaz Güney efsanesinin olusmasmda<br />
hiç kuSkusuz filmlerinin yam<br />
Slra, daima filmleriyle yasammm<br />
büyük bir paralellik göstermesi <strong>de</strong><br />
çok Onemli bir roi oynuyordu. Ancak<br />
1970'1i yIllarm politik ortammda<br />
GOney'in sinemasl da sinematografik<br />
Ozellikler.in<strong>de</strong>n çok, politik<br />
bir baklS açlslyla <strong>de</strong>Aerlendiriliyor,<br />
örneAin Umutsuzlar gibi bugone<br />
kadar TUrk sinemasmda yer altI<br />
dOnyaS1m en çatplci bir biçim<strong>de</strong><br />
anlatan ince duyarlIklar banndlran<br />
filmi, açlk politik mesajlar içermedili<br />
için $OZ ardl ediliyordu. ~O'li<br />
YIOaria blrlikte filmlerinin )'&Saklanmasl<br />
ise, YIImaz GUney sinernasmm<br />
ve bir anlamda da TUrk sinemasmm<br />
yeni baklS açIlan dolmltusunda<br />
yeni<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong>Aerlendirmesini<br />
gUçlestiriyordu.<br />
YIImaz Güney'in filmleri üzerin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
yasaAIn kalkmasl doArultusunda<br />
gelisen süreçle birlikte b8ZJ sorular<br />
da gOn<strong>de</strong>me geliyordu. Zeynep<br />
Oral bu sorularda bazIlanDl<br />
sOyle formOle ediyordu: "YIImaz<br />
GOney'in. filmleri bugon nere<strong>de</strong>?<br />
Hangi eUer<strong>de</strong> toplandl? Toplandl<br />
ml, yoksa yakIldl, kül mil edildi?<br />
4.10.87<br />
Yaklhp YOk edildiyseler, bunu yapanlar<br />
<strong>de</strong>rhai açlklanmalI ve daha<br />
çok vakit kayb<strong>et</strong>me<strong>de</strong>n seferber<br />
olup, yabancl Olkeler~elti .~opYa!an<br />
bulu~, )'v~.:i!~~t-'t ~",ua""~" i.Jk~~1:! .... ~,<br />
ait olduklan yere g<strong>et</strong>irtmeliler."<br />
tahal mah, yerli filmier. Yurt<br />
için<strong>de</strong>ki Yllmaz Güney filmlerinin<br />
aklb<strong>et</strong>Ierinin ne oldugu bilinmiyordu.<br />
Ancak yön<strong>et</strong>menin GUney<br />
Filmcilik ad ma yapuAI on filmin<br />
dUnya dagltlm haklan lsviçre'<strong>de</strong><br />
Cactus Film sirk<strong>et</strong>inin elin<strong>de</strong> bulunuyordu.<br />
ÜçUncO DOnya ülkelerin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
ilerici, radikal sinema yapan<br />
yön<strong>et</strong>menlerin filmlerine sahip<br />
çlkmaslyla tamnan Cactus Film'in<br />
temsi1cileri, temmuz aYlnda bir dosya<br />
ile Belge Film'in sahibi Sabahattin<br />
Ç<strong>et</strong>in'e eUerin<strong>de</strong>ki Güney filmlerinin<br />
TUrkiye haklanm satmak<br />
için teklif g<strong>et</strong>iriyorlardl. Cactus<br />
Film'in elin<strong>de</strong> GUney'in; Aç Kurtlar,<br />
Zavalblar, sUru, DÜ$man, Yol,<br />
Umut, Endise, Arkadll$, Aa ve<br />
Umutsuzlar filmleri bulunuyordu.<br />
Sabahattin Ç<strong>et</strong>in ise Cactus<br />
Film'e verditi yamtta; su anda<br />
Türkiye'<strong>de</strong> Yllmaz Güney'in filmleri<br />
üzerin<strong>de</strong>ki yasaAm kalkm8S1mn<br />
kolay olmayacagml, ancak seçimleri<br />
beklemelerini öneriyordu. Ç<strong>et</strong>in,<br />
konuyla i1gili Nokta'.,m sorulanm<br />
yamtlarken <strong>de</strong> GUney'in fIlmlerinin<br />
ithali ve yasaklanyla i1gili<br />
sunlan söylUyordu: "Biz bu filmleri<br />
ahrsak ithal <strong>et</strong>mi$ olacqlZ. TIpkl<br />
yabancl bir Olke<strong>de</strong>n, yabana bir<br />
film ahr gibi, Hazin bir çeliski. GUney'in<br />
yasaklanna gelince, ben bunun<br />
dönem yasagl oldugu görüsUn<strong>de</strong>yim.<br />
\' e öyle samyorum ki seçim<strong>de</strong>n<br />
soma daha <strong>de</strong>mokratik bir orlama<br />
kavu$ulacak ve bu dönemin<br />
son sayfalan da çevrilecektir."<br />
~rh.1 ÖZTÜRI(<br />
•
'Il~ta<br />
DEPR£~'fVLERil4ARTO,<br />
21 VILDIRBEKLlvOR<br />
.,iarto'cÎa taS. üsfÜne<br />
, ; ..e, )0;'" '. ,,~1b,' ~<br />
..(."'~il-~ ,.01,<br />
~l~!tds konulmad. . .<br />
;(, ... ': #<br />
" ." ,1966 yllanda varto'da ta$ ta$ üstün<strong>de</strong> blrakmayan<br />
;,;'; uel)rem<strong>de</strong>n bu yana 21 YII geçmesine ve <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in her<br />
\' VII söz vermesine ragmen, köylüler hala "yalnlzca Qir<br />
klS için geçici olarak" yerlestirildikleri barakalarda<br />
yaSlyor ve umutla veni evlerinin yapllmaslnl bekliyor.<br />
,'D uman, toz toprak ve ellerin<strong>de</strong><br />
kazmalar, küreklerle<br />
önlerine çlkan her enkaz arasmda<br />
ces<strong>et</strong> ara yan gözleri yash insanlar<br />
.. , hte felak<strong>et</strong> gecesi Varto'nun<br />
genel görünüsü buydu ... Varto aruk<br />
bir harabeler diyan ve bahtslz<br />
insanlar ülkesiydi."<br />
1966 yIlmm 16 A~ustosu'nda<br />
Varto'ya gi<strong>de</strong>n "Hayat mecmuaslmn<br />
özel muhabirlerinin intibalan"<br />
bäyle bashyor, ölü saYlslmn, ilk rakamlara<br />
göre 3 bin civannda oldu-<br />
~u duyurulduktan sonra, "B8$vekil<br />
Demirel'in tzmir gezisini yanda<br />
keserek Varto'ya giltili" buruk<br />
müj<strong>de</strong>siyle sona eriyordu.<br />
o zamandan bu yana tam 21 yd<br />
geçti. Bu süre için<strong>de</strong> "mecmua"<br />
<strong>de</strong>rgi, "intiba" izlenim, "ba$vekil"<br />
<strong>de</strong> basbakan oldu. Vartolulara gelince;<br />
onlar <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in 21 Yl1önce ver.<br />
digi bir sözü tutmasml bekliyor hâ;<br />
iâ. Aruk kabuk ba~lamlS da olsa ..<br />
yaralann sanlmaslm ve evlerinin<br />
yapllmasml bekliyorlar umutla. .<br />
21 kez tutulma)'lIn <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> sözü.<br />
"1966 Ylhnda <strong>de</strong>prem oldu~unda,<br />
ben Tashyaka köyün<strong>de</strong> ikâm<strong>et</strong> ediyordum.<br />
20 kisilik nüfusumuz <strong>de</strong>prem<strong>de</strong><br />
10 kisiye indioFelak<strong>et</strong>ten bir<br />
ay sonra Vano ilçe merkezine bu<br />
~araka1an yapm1slar. Bizi iç iskâna<br />
tabi tuttular. 0 zamanki <strong>de</strong>vlel<br />
y<strong>et</strong>kililerimiz bizlere <strong>de</strong>di ki, 'Merak<br />
<strong>et</strong>meyin. aç açlk koymaYlz sizleri.<br />
bu barakalarda bir kls kalacak-<br />
SIIllZ. baharla birlikte yeni evleriniz<br />
yapliacak .<br />
Ama iSlearadan bir <strong>de</strong>gil. tam 21<br />
klS geçmisti vc dcgi~cn hiçbir ~ey<br />
yokw. 0 zamanlar 44 vaS1l1daolan<br />
Adlgüze! Çiçek bugün bu sözlerle<br />
yakmdl~mda 65 y8$mdaydl ve kalabahk<br />
ailesiyle birlikte ayru barakada<br />
oturmaya <strong>de</strong>vam ediyordu.<br />
1966'da 15 yasmda olan ollu Ali<br />
bugün 36 y8$ma gelmis, Adlgüzel<br />
Çiçek, torununu da görmüstü ama,<br />
iste bugüne kadar, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in vaat <strong>et</strong>tigi<br />
evini görememisti.<br />
Adlgüzel Çiçek'in iki olIu, gelinleri,<br />
torunlan, karlSl ve klzlyla<br />
ot:Irdu~u "fertinghaus" tipi barakalar,<br />
admdaki gösterise ralmen<br />
herkesin bildi~i barakadan farkh<br />
<strong>de</strong>gildi. Ostelik, toplam 48 m<strong>et</strong>re~<br />
karelik bu barakalar dör<strong>de</strong> bOlOnmüstü<br />
ve her bölüm<strong>de</strong> 8-10 kiSilik<br />
aileler oturuyordu. Her "daire"<br />
2x3 m<strong>et</strong>rekarelik iki odadan olusuyor,<br />
"daire"ler<strong>de</strong> tuval<strong>et</strong>, banyo ve<br />
mutfak bulunmuyordu. Adlgüzel<br />
Çiçek'in, "Bir radyo aldlk, dört aile<br />
ortakl8$a dinliyoruz" biçirilin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
sözlerinin ne anIama geldilini<br />
anlamak için <strong>de</strong> barakamn dört bölümünU<br />
aY1randuvarlara biraz daha<br />
yakmdan bakmak gerekiyordu.<br />
Bu "duvar"lar, 3 cm kabnhllnda<br />
suntaya benzer bir eins tahtadan<br />
yapllmlSti ve radyo bir yana, içer~<br />
<strong>de</strong>ki hafif sesli konusmalan bile geçiriyordu.<br />
"Her bir çlkan sesi dört<br />
aile <strong>de</strong> duyuyor" diyordu Adlgüzel<br />
Çiçek, "Ne mahremiy<strong>et</strong>imiz kaldl,<br />
ne <strong>de</strong> insanl1llmlz."<br />
Höyle salhe. böyle kurnazllk!<br />
Vartolular boyle samimi samimi<br />
yasar, her YIIpolitikacIlann yeni bir<br />
vaadine inanmak için kendllerini<br />
zorlarken, ydlardan 1975gelmis. 0<br />
yd <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>, aile basma 75 bin lira da-<br />
Ilup "kendi evini kendin yap" ya<br />
da klsaca E. Y.Y. yöntemini uygulamaya<br />
koymaya karar vermis.<br />
Vermis ama, bu kez karslSlnda her<br />
köyü temsilen bir "vekil" bulmus.<br />
hin bürokratik güçlüklerin<strong>de</strong>n YI-<br />
Ian köylüler, güvendikleri birini vekil<br />
tayin edip onu <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in karslslna<br />
çlkannca olan olmus. Vekillerin<br />
bir klsml "Böyle flrsat kaçar ml?"<br />
<strong>de</strong>yip yatmlS paralann üstüne. Bu<br />
uyamk vekiller<strong>de</strong>n biri haien uyuSturucu<br />
mad<strong>de</strong> kaçakçlhlmdan tutuklu<br />
Hilmi Toplu, t1bey köyün<strong>de</strong><br />
Ylktlan 48 konut için açIlan malzeme<br />
ve para kredilerinin tümUnü,<br />
köylüler<strong>de</strong>n aldlll vekâl<strong>et</strong>le çekmis,<br />
ama tek bir ev dahi yapmamlS.<br />
Köylülerin sikây<strong>et</strong>i üzerine açllan<br />
ceza davasinda önce mahkûm olan.<br />
Hilmi Toplu, Yarguay'da, veUl<strong>et</strong><br />
aldlll için ceza davasma konu<br />
olamaz" gerekçesiyle beraat edince<br />
bu dava benzer davalar için <strong>de</strong><br />
emsal teskil <strong>et</strong>m't$ve köylüler, kaptlrdlklan<br />
75 bin liralann üzerine soluk<br />
su içmek zorunda kalmlslar.<br />
Gene <strong>de</strong> vekilleri "helai süt<br />
emmi$" köylüler vardl ve onlar<br />
<strong>de</strong>prem<strong>de</strong>n 10yll sonra ev sahibi 01-<br />
maYI ba$arml$lardl. Ne var ki bu<br />
yolla oturulabilir bir konuta yerlesenlerin<br />
saY1s1çok fazla <strong>de</strong>gildi. Ba-<br />
Y1nduhk Bakam Safa Giray'a verilen<br />
bir brifingte "yapllan konut"<br />
kalemi, "konut ihtiyacI" kaiemin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
daha düsük görünüyordu. Os-<br />
4.10.87<br />
telik, f8POI'da adlgeçen ban konut<br />
türlerinin ne kadanmn gerçek<br />
"konut" 5aY1labileceliise çok tartlsmallydl.<br />
1983Ylhna gelind:~in~~ :'A, " 7'0<br />
mana kadar "Saf saf paralanmzl<br />
kapurdlDlZ, çekin cezamZ1"tutumu<br />
için<strong>de</strong> olan <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in, "büyüklük<br />
ben<strong>de</strong> kalsm" tavnyla köylülere bu<br />
kez kendisinin ev yapma katan verdili<br />
gOrUIUyordu. Köylüleri 8'er<br />
milyon lira borç altIDasokan bu yeni<br />
girisim ise yöre sartlarma uygun<br />
düsmedigi için elestiriliyordu. Aym<br />
zamanda mimar olan ve ara stajlm<br />
<strong>de</strong>prem konusunda yapan Varto<br />
Belediye Baskam Hulki ~ahin'e<br />
göre, yaplmma 1986'da baslanan<br />
yeni evlerin en büyük hatasl, çatlmn<br />
kiremitle kaplanmaslydl. M<strong>et</strong>relerce<br />
kar yalan bir yöre<strong>de</strong>, boyle<br />
bir çatl biriken kan çekemezdi. En<br />
uygun çözüm, çaumn sada kaplanmaslydl.<br />
"Deprem kirisi"nin atIlmamasa<br />
ve temelin 30 cm '<strong>de</strong> blraklImasI<br />
ise Oteki gariplikler arasmda<br />
~ abyordu. Vartolulann mUstakbel<br />
evleriyle ilgili bir b8$ka Sikiy<strong>et</strong>lcti<br />
ise, kanalizasyondu. tki ev<br />
;kOçOt bit çukura bailanm~tl ve<br />
isin garibi Varto Belediyesi'nin vidanjörü<br />
yaktu. Ostelik, Varto Belediyesi'nin<br />
bütçesi müsait olmadlll<br />
için vidanjör ahml da düsünülmUyordu.<br />
Her konuda <strong>de</strong>rtli olan Vartolularm<br />
evlerle ilgili olarak y<strong>et</strong>kililere<br />
ulastlrmak istedikleri bir mesajlan<br />
daha vardl. "Duyduk ki bu bara-<br />
.kalan biz çlkmca Ylkacaklarml$"<br />
diyordu Vartolular, "Söyleyin y<strong>et</strong>kililere,<br />
biz bu barakalan tamir <strong>et</strong>tik,<br />
boyadlk, çürütmedik. 20 sene<br />
<strong>de</strong> için<strong>de</strong> yll$adlk. Bu kadar zamanda<br />
ailelerimiz genisledi nüfusumuz<br />
arttl. Hiç <strong>de</strong>lilse o~ullanmlz otursun<br />
için<strong>de</strong>. Açlkta kalmalanndan<br />
iyidir. Ylkmasmlar. .. Deyin ki y<strong>et</strong>kililere,<br />
aClym Vartolulara, Ylkma-<br />
YIß barakalan."<br />
Varto Kaymakaml Haluk tmga,<br />
Vartolulann bu talebini kendisine<br />
il<strong>et</strong>en Nokt. muhabirine, aym taleplerin<br />
kendisin<strong>de</strong>n geldilini söy-<br />
IOyor, durumu "üst makamlara"<br />
i1<strong>et</strong>tiAini belirtiyordu.<br />
Varto'nun <strong>de</strong>prem<br />
somasl tarihi,<br />
aCllar ve bosa Çlkan<br />
umutlarla dolu<br />
bir tarihti. Varto'da<br />
klrtasiyecilik<br />
yapan Cemal<strong>et</strong>tin<br />
Çelebi söyle öz<strong>et</strong>liyordu<br />
bu tarihi:<br />
"21 Ylldlrgelip gi<strong>de</strong>n<br />
iktidarlar sorunumuzu<br />
yalmzca<br />
politik malzeme<br />
kaynagl olarak<br />
kullandllar. Geçirdi~imiz<br />
felak<strong>et</strong>ten<br />
çlkar sa~layanlardan<br />
hesap<br />
sorulmadl. En aCI-<br />
II günlerimiz<strong>de</strong><br />
yardlm olarak gön<strong>de</strong>rilen <strong>de</strong>mir, çimento<br />
yüklü kamyonlar, Varto'da<br />
yüklerini bosaltmls gibi gösterip<br />
transit geçip gittiler. 0 zamanlar<br />
2.5 lira borç para arayan ki$iler vekil<br />
olarak ortaya çlktllar ve bugün<br />
milyonlarla, milyarlarla oynuyorlar."<br />
Geçmis ya$annl1$, bitmisti. Vartolular<br />
hiç <strong>de</strong>~ilse bundan somaslm<br />
"insan onuruna yakl$an bir<br />
konutta" yasamak istiyorlardl,<br />
ama kafalannda da hiç atamayacaklan<br />
bir <strong>de</strong>rt \'ardl: 5 \'Ih ö<strong>de</strong>mesiz<br />
<strong>de</strong> olsa, 20 YIIva<strong>de</strong>)'le <strong>de</strong> olsa<br />
8 milyonluk borç nasll ö<strong>de</strong>nirdi?<br />
Bir <strong>de</strong> bu <strong>de</strong>rt olmasaydL ..<br />
Ih~~1 urn:cl<br />
87<br />
..
nexta-<br />
SÖYlE~I/CLAUDE WEISZ<br />
Güney, SOi~ ~~Z<br />
beyazper<strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong><br />
"Dünya slnemasmda en<strong>de</strong>r rastkuuzn,<br />
bellei<strong>de</strong> ömeli hiç olmayan<br />
bir k4iUk. PoUtik, sosyal ve ulusa!<br />
bir mit. Bunu vermellydim filmim<strong>de</strong>.<br />
(j1Jcenlntarihi gelf#mln;n<br />
/çin<strong>de</strong>, onu bütün karmQ$,klil,yla<br />
ortaya koymahyd,m. " 5 Ek/m Palartes/<br />
,linü <strong>Paris</strong> Sinematek 'in<strong>de</strong><br />
illeglisterlmi yap,laeak olan 1 saat<br />
SS dlllciA:llbkbelgese/film;n yön<strong>et</strong>meni<br />
ClllU<strong>de</strong>Weisf.böyle anlat,yoTdu<br />
Jilmlni. We~ 'in sölünü <strong>et</strong>tigi<br />
mit Y,lmat Güney, ülke ise<br />
Türki~' idi.<br />
Sinemayla if ife gefen bir YllianIIn<br />
sonunda üf J'Il linee kansere<br />
y,niA: di4erek sinema dünyàsmdan<br />
aynlan Ylimat Güney, FranslZ<br />
meklelttlfl Welst'in "OM Çirkin<br />
Kral Derlerdi"adh beigesei filmiyle<br />
bir l<strong>et</strong> daha sinemaya dönd~~<br />
Fllmln tamamlilnabilmesi ifin<br />
FrtlllSlt tlleviz,yonu Audiovisuel<br />
EnstItüsü 'nDn VI FranSlt S;nema<br />
Merl<strong>et</strong>f'nln <strong>de</strong>steklerinin sallanmas,<br />
gerekm4, belgeler;n toplanmas"<br />
monta), seslend/rme <strong>de</strong>rken<br />
ik; Ylillk kOfUiturmall1n ardmdan<br />
ÇQ/lfmalarsonuçlanml,~tl. Arna b!1<br />
sonuçaym lamanda biT ba~lang!r-<br />
Il da.<br />
Çünkü, filmin ocak a)'md1<br />
p/)'asaya pkaeak olan v/<strong>de</strong>o kas<strong>et</strong>-<br />
/er/nln satqmdan ei<strong>de</strong> edilecek !J.,-<br />
liin gel/r/erln, Güney'ln mez.anr.a<br />
bir amt dlk/lmesi için avn/aca/ln!<br />
soy/üyordu ell Fatol Güney .. Uusta/a<br />
Ceng/t. Yön<strong>et</strong>men Weisz 'Ii: YI/-<br />
ma: Güney Be/geseli iistiine Nokta<br />
iç;n I!ÖTÜ$tü.<br />
~okta: Yllmaz Güney'le Ilt' zaman<br />
taRl~tlßlz?<br />
Weisz: Ydmaz'l ilk kez 1971 YI-<br />
Imda Türkiye'<strong>de</strong> gördüm. Bir Macar<br />
sinema <strong>de</strong>rgisinin, Türkiye Sinemasl<br />
saYIsma malzeme toplamak<br />
için Türkiye'ye gelen bir Maear arkada$lmla<br />
birlikte. "Umut"u yeni<br />
tamamlaml$tl 0 malarda Yllmaz.<br />
o filmi bir yd sonra Avrupa'da görcbildim<br />
aneak. Bu benim seyr<strong>et</strong>tiglm<br />
ilk Türk filmiydi. Daha Sonra<br />
iü/1( sinemaslyla i1gili olarak hep<br />
otton filmlerini izledim. Sürü, 1'01,<br />
Duvoar gibi. Bunlann için<strong>de</strong> en çok<br />
sevdilim Sürü oldu. Zamanda ve<br />
mekânda masahmsl bir yolculuktu<br />
o.<br />
Nokta: Filmi hazlrlarken nasll<br />
bir yöntem izlediniz?<br />
Weisz: Bu film çok çe$itli $ekiller<strong>de</strong><br />
yapllabilirdi. Çe~itli ki~ileri YIImaz<br />
üzerine konu$turarak bir iZknim<br />
filmi gerçek\e$tirebilirdim, veya<br />
kronolojik bir malamayla anlatabilirdim<br />
Yllmaz'1. Bu ikisini <strong>de</strong><br />
yapmak istemedim. Yllmaz'l kay-<br />
88<br />
'')l'i:' C T',errla görüntülerinin için--<br />
dl'n ç!l(l\rtarak, ki~iligini ortaya<br />
'
, .<br />
11.10.87<br />
I~Hasankeyfkurtardabilir"<br />
Ankara On/venuesi Dil, Tanh,<br />
Cografya Fakliltesi Arkeoloji ve<br />
Sanat Tarihi Bölüm Balkam<br />
Prof. Dr. OIUI Ank 'm btqkanb-<br />
'mda 1985 y,'mda btqlayan araltlrmalar<br />
aral,kl, olarak sürdürülüyor.<br />
Prof. Arrk, Hasankeyf Ile<br />
ilgili görül ve önerilerini iöyle dile<br />
g<strong>et</strong>irdi:<br />
"GAP'm II: projesi olan Ihsu<br />
Barajl yatmm projesi olarak OPT<br />
tarafmdan onaylanml~ durumda.<br />
çah~malanmlzl ve önerilerimizi<br />
bir rapor <strong>et</strong>rafmdan toplayarak<br />
DPT'ye sunacallz. Barajm mutiaka<br />
Ihsu'da yapllmasl gerekiyorsa,<br />
bent bölOmün<strong>de</strong> kot dO$ürOlerek<br />
Hasankeyrin sular altmda<br />
kalmasl önlenebilir.<br />
Hasankeyf, Suriye kültür çevresi<br />
ile tran-Asya me<strong>de</strong>niy<strong>et</strong> çevresinin<br />
bulu~tugu bir istasyondur.<br />
Gerek Suriye, gerekse tran ve diger<br />
tç Asya topluluklanna özgü<br />
mimarhk kültOrünün, burada birbirine<br />
kayna~tlrma <strong>de</strong>nemesini bir<br />
laboratuvar canhhgl He görebilmekteyiz.<br />
Su' probleminin çözümü için<br />
kayalann oyularak yaratlldlAtteknolojik<br />
harikalar vardlr. Koç Camii,<br />
Süleyman Camii, Ulu Camii<br />
gibi, bugUn bir klsml toprak UstUn<strong>de</strong>"ve<br />
bezemeleri görOlebHen<br />
kalmttlardan anl8$ddllma gOre,<br />
Artuklar ve Eyyubiler zamamnda<br />
da' çok zengin, müzik, felsefe,<br />
minyatür hatta matematik, fizik<br />
çah~malan yapdan bu bölge<strong>de</strong>,<br />
günümUze kalan eserler çok ilgi<br />
çekici bir çe~itlilige sahiptir. Akkoyunlular<br />
da bu zenginligi <strong>de</strong>vam<br />
<strong>et</strong>tirmi~, gOrkemli Diele peysajma<br />
kar~J sahip semtlerine eklemi~lerdir.<br />
Onlardan kalan Zeynel<br />
Bey Türbesi, bugOn Semerkant<br />
Oslubunda Anadolu'da bilinen<br />
tek Ornektir.<br />
BOyle tarihi zenginlikler,<br />
800-1000 }'llda meydana gelir ama<br />
bu barajm ekonomik OmrO70 yddir,<br />
sonra çamur dolar. 70 }'llhk<br />
bir kâr için geçmi~imiz<strong>de</strong>ki tOm<br />
maziyi sOpOrOpatmak me<strong>de</strong>niy<strong>et</strong>e<br />
yak1$maz. Burasl bin yddu duruyor,<br />
sular altmda kalmaz ise<br />
belki Oç bin }'ll daha duracak."<br />
'{<br />
\ .<br />
BIR TARIH H'AZiNESi: HASANKEYF<br />
SI,n, yllbk tarih<br />
sul,Clr,'altlnda.~•.<br />
. .<br />
M ;'<br />
. Cizre'ye uzanan karayolu<br />
ardin'e baAh Hasankeyf<br />
, . bucaAmm yakla$lk 1000 ytlhk<br />
bir tarihi var. Diyarbaku'dan<br />
Üzerin<strong>de</strong> Mindin ile Siirt illerine Slmr çizen<br />
Diele Irmall klYlsma kurulu bu bueak,<br />
eIer önlem ahnmazsa ebediyyen<br />
kaybedileeek. GAP'm Il 'inei projesi olan<br />
Ihsu Barajl tamamlandlAmda 0 koea<br />
tarihin bütün izlerini ta$lyan belki <strong>de</strong><br />
dünyanm en önemli tarih hazinererin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
biri olan Hasankeyf, sular altmda kalaeak.<br />
Ama bu kaçlmlmaz olan tek son <strong>de</strong>li!.<br />
Hasankèyf'i kurtarmak da mümkün. Y<strong>et</strong>er<br />
ki istensin ve bu evrensel <strong>de</strong>Aerin farkma<br />
vanlsm .
WIENER ZEll~L~, 15.1U.~~~J<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n bekennen sich zur Verschleppung<br />
Irak: Italiener entführt<br />
N i k 0 S i a - Ein Sprecher <strong>de</strong>r "Patriotischen Uni-<br />
Ion Kurdistans" (PUK) unter JaIaI TaIabani hat am<br />
Dienstag bestätigt. daß kurdische Freischärler im<br />
Tr~!
,<br />
•<br />
Der Tagesspiegel, 15.10.1987<br />
Weiisäckef~warÎ1t die'~ürkei,NOr ,<br />
, <strong>de</strong>n Géffthrè,i i<strong>de</strong>r Inidit'ràôZ'::':<br />
" Re<strong>de</strong> b<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>r Entgegfl!nnahlne ~ ~tàtürk.~ ID~<br />
Aaku.' (AP). B~esp~bidëz;t ,YOn Weiz ••<br />
lIcker bat die U1rkische Realenma ermahnt,<br />
• .". • .•• •• ', I .•.• '........ •• , •• -. -. •<br />
<strong>de</strong>n wei im- Demokratie f~rtzuse~n. die<br />
Meuc:benrec:hte zu achten JIJld, ~~r~z ge:.<br />
aenGber ~eiï~lpaèihën, zu (Iben.,<br />
Bei <strong>de</strong>r lestrigen Entgegennahme <strong>de</strong>s Interna-.<br />
tionaleD AlaU1rIt.Frie<strong>de</strong>nspreIses im. Opernhaua<br />
von Ankara lußerte <strong>de</strong>r Bun<strong>de</strong>sprllsi<strong>de</strong>nt zu.<br />
gleiCh '<strong>de</strong>n wunSch. 'daß es <strong>de</strong>r Türkei un,~<br />
GriecheDland gelingen möge, wie<strong>de</strong>r zu eine,m<br />
gutD8chbarllchen Verhältnis <strong>de</strong>r Verständigung<br />
und <strong>de</strong>s Vertrauens zu fin<strong>de</strong>n. Es komme primllr<br />
darauf an. <strong>de</strong>n an<strong>de</strong>ren zu verstehen. ihn nicht<br />
zu proVozieren. seine Schwächen nicht auszu.<br />
nutzen. IOn<strong>de</strong>m emsthaft die gute Nachbar.<br />
schaft zu sUchen.<br />
'"''<br />
Weïzsaèker bescheinigte <strong>de</strong>m bel <strong>de</strong>r Verlei.<br />
hung anwesen<strong>de</strong>n t(lrk.ischen Staatspräsi<strong>de</strong>nten<br />
Evren. <strong>de</strong>n Zeitplan für die Rückkehr zur<br />
Demokratie eingehalten zu haben. Der erzielte<br />
politische und wirtschaftliche Fortschritt erfliUe<br />
ihn mit Respekt. ' ' , I .~,<br />
Ohne '<strong>de</strong>n Konflikt zwischen T(lrken wid<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n direkt beim Namen zu nennen, llu8erte'<br />
Weizsllcker Verständnis für Sorgen vor Belitre-'<br />
bungen, die gegen die Integrität <strong>de</strong>r türkischen<br />
Nation gericht<strong>et</strong> seien. Zum inneren Frie<strong>de</strong>n<br />
einer Nation gehöre das durch Toleranz und<br />
gegenseitigen Respekt geprägte Zusammen- Der tIlrldache PrbI<strong>de</strong>ot Ilvren "eaipflDi '<br />
leben ihrer verschie<strong>de</strong>nen Volks- und Glaub:DS- AnkaraBun<strong>de</strong>Çrla1<strong>de</strong>Dt 'VOll W~udcker.<br />
___f,grtse.mmg Sei~ 7, Spalte I ~c!2 -=-" ",,.:,t'£',<br />
.,Weizsäëkererlii~lt!AfâfUrii~FlèiS ,','<br />
!.yo '.t".'~' .;-.... ". "'~., .<br />
Forts<strong>et</strong>zung von Seite l " ,. '; geben wer<strong>de</strong>. Mit <strong>de</strong>r' an<strong>de</strong>ren Hlllfte' wolle e<br />
16.10.1987<br />
Evren bedauert Kritik<br />
an We~cker in <strong>de</strong>r Türkei<br />
AuJWa' (dpa)...Der ti1rk.ischeS~tspriai<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
1:'...... " ,. • ••.• _ • _'.<br />
L~~ nesselLonunenW-e %Ur Keefe-Bun<strong>de</strong>spr~<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Welzsllckeryellußert, die dieser llJII<br />
Xortag bei, <strong>de</strong>r Verleihung <strong>de</strong>s Atatùrk-Friedcnspreises<br />
gehalten hatte, Evren sagte. diese<br />
~richte beruhten offensichtlich au! ungenG.<br />
gen<strong>de</strong>r Infol'lDa,tion.Er bestritt auch, daB el<br />
Weizsäcker um An<strong>de</strong>rungen in seiner Re<strong>de</strong>'<br />
geb<strong>et</strong>en habe. Ein solcher Eingriff sei w.dé.<br />
möglich noch mit <strong>de</strong>r internationalen Etik<strong>et</strong>te<br />
vereinbar.<br />
,,:'<br />
, Die k.onservative Zeitung .TerCüman' uDd CÙe,<br />
liberale .Milliy<strong>et</strong>' hattenbericht<strong>et</strong>, du tilrkllche'<br />
AußenminIsterium iei "unzufrie<strong>de</strong>n 'mit Cler,<br />
Re<strong>de</strong> gewesen. selbst nach<strong>de</strong>m aie .aid BlUea<br />
abgemil<strong>de</strong>rt wur<strong>de</strong>'. Insbeson<strong>de</strong>re Xuaerw.u<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Bwi<strong>de</strong>spräsl<strong>de</strong>nten über die Mensdié ..<br />
rechte und, aber c:\ie BerGcksichtigUng <strong>et</strong>Jmi.'<br />
aclier Min<strong>de</strong>rheiten hitten führen<strong>de</strong> PoUtiba<br />
<strong>de</strong>r, T~:~timmt, hieß es. ""<br />
'.TaktiolfàJtelt bei ~er Preisverleihung" laut<strong>et</strong>e '<br />
c:\ieSchlagZeiIe von .Terc(lman°. .Milliy<strong>et</strong>~ sah<br />
eine .;tilrkisch-<strong>de</strong>utlChe Abknh1ungO, ,<br />
Die KriUk e~~iind<strong>et</strong>e "lieh vor' àllem an<br />
Welzsllckers Erklllnmg, daß eine Demokratie<br />
,durch menschliche und <strong>de</strong>r Verfassung entsprechen<strong>de</strong><br />
Behandlung von Untersuchungshäftlill:-'<br />
gen o<strong>de</strong>r Gefangenen beweisen müsse. was sie<br />
wert sei, Weiter wur<strong>de</strong> die Feststellung bemängelt,<br />
wonach die Koexistenz <strong>de</strong>r verschie<strong>de</strong>nen<br />
<strong>et</strong>hnlschen und sozialen Gruppen auf <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Gnmdlage <strong>de</strong>r Toleranz und <strong>de</strong>s wechselseitigen<br />
Respekts für die Harmonie im Staat<br />
erfor<strong>de</strong>rlich leI. Dies war eine offenkundiae,<br />
Anspielung au! das Kurd~nproblem.<br />
10.10.1987<br />
Irak soll erneut chemische<br />
- Waffen einges<strong>et</strong>zt haben,<br />
Manama (Reuter). Irak soll nach Iranischen<br />
Angaben im' Golfkrieg emeut chemische Waffen<br />
einges<strong>et</strong>zt haben. Radio Teheran meld<strong>et</strong>e:<br />
gestern. in <strong>de</strong>r Nähe 'von Sumar am nördlichen.<br />
Frontabschnitt selen dabei am Donnerstag rund<br />
100 Menschen g<strong>et</strong>ôt<strong>et</strong> und zahlreiche weitere<br />
Personen verl<strong>et</strong>zt wor<strong>de</strong>n. Der iranische<br />
AuBenminlster Velayati habe eine Botschaft an<br />
gruppen, allerdings' nicht weniger Treueni ein Forschimgsprojekt <strong>de</strong>r, Universität Ankar<br />
Recht und Verfassung <strong>de</strong>s eigenen Staates.' unterstützen. das sich mit <strong>de</strong>n gelstlg-ku1turel<br />
Demokratie müsse sich bewähren, wenn es len und wissenschaftlichen Verbindungen <strong>de</strong><br />
um eine rechtsstaatliche und menschenwürdige Türkei mit <strong>de</strong>m Westen nach <strong>de</strong>m Zweiten<br />
Behandlung von Gefangenen in <strong>de</strong>r Untersuchungshaft<br />
Weltkrieg befasse. " . ',,'<br />
und im Strafvollzug gehe. b<strong>et</strong>onte Vi I d '_1...1 '~ .<br />
,- D' 1...:'<br />
Weizsäc..er. ' le ......,tische 5ympa thi. 'e <strong>de</strong>r -
•<br />
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 26.10.1987, S.7<br />
"Schmutziger Krieg" in Kurdistan<br />
()hosphorbombcn auf Dörfer I Umsicdlungcn I Von Wolfgang Günter Lerch<br />
FRANKFURT. 25. Oktober. In <strong>de</strong>r<br />
:ir.akischen Führung wird schon seit einiger<br />
-Zeit darüber gestritten. wie man auf <strong>de</strong>m<br />
: Nebenschauplatz <strong>de</strong>s GollKrieges. in Kur-<br />
;distan. <strong>de</strong>n Wi<strong>de</strong>rstand <strong>de</strong>r bewaffn<strong>et</strong>en<br />
"Kur<strong>de</strong>n am erfolgreichsten brechen könne.<br />
Seit Anfang Mai dieses Jahres verfolgt die<br />
_irakische Annee im Nordosten <strong>de</strong>s lan<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
wie Exil-Kur<strong>de</strong>n berichten. eine Taktik <strong>de</strong>r<br />
':verbrannten Er<strong>de</strong>~. Zentrum dieser Aktionen<br />
sei das Gebi<strong>et</strong> um Sulaimanija östlich<br />
-yon Mossul. Sulaimanija ist eine Hochburg<br />
:<strong>de</strong>r Anhänger Dschalal Talabanis. <strong>de</strong>s<br />
i Führers <strong>de</strong>r linksgericht<strong>et</strong>en Patriotischen<br />
: Union Kurdistans (PUK). die sich zusam-<br />
: men mit <strong>de</strong>n cher konservativen Barzanij<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n auf die Seite Teherans geschlagen<br />
; hat. Die irakische Annee hat im Sommer<br />
. schwere Angriffe gegen kurdische Dörfer in<br />
<strong>de</strong>r gebirgigen Region gericht<strong>et</strong> und dabei<br />
• offenbar auch Phosphorbomben einges<strong>et</strong>zt.<br />
. Hun<strong>de</strong>rte von Dörfern entlang <strong>de</strong>r größeren<br />
Straßen scien ,.ausgelöscht" und ..aus-<br />
-radiert" wor<strong>de</strong>n. heißt es von kurdischer<br />
Seite. Was die Waffen nicht geschafft<br />
-hätten. habe man mit Bulldozem besorgt.<br />
Talabani war noch bis vor zwei Jahren<br />
ein Gegner Chomeinis gewesen. hatte dann<br />
"jedoch die Fronten gewechselt. Im Oktober<br />
1986 kam es zur ersten gemeinsamen<br />
Aktion von ir.mischen Revolutionseardisten<br />
und Talabani-Kur<strong>de</strong>n gegen irakische<br />
Öleinrichtungen bei Kirkuk. Im Frühjahr<br />
dann beschloß Baedad. einen schärferen<br />
Kurs zu steuern. - Svstematisch wur<strong>de</strong>n<br />
kurdische Dörfer entvÖlkert. die Bewohner<br />
..umgesie<strong>de</strong>lt... Nach Angaben irakischer<br />
-Kur<strong>de</strong>n leben heute kurdische Dorfbewoh-<br />
-ner in einem umfangreichen Lager zwischen<br />
Mossul und Erbil. An<strong>de</strong>re Dörner<br />
habe man jedoch an das an<strong>de</strong>re En<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Irak verschleppt. in die Wüstengebi<strong>et</strong>e nahe<br />
<strong>de</strong>r jordanischen o<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>r sau~:ar"bischen<br />
Grenze. Die schweren Angriffe auf Dörfer<br />
hütten das Ziel gehabt. die Kur<strong>de</strong>n von<br />
ihren Wohnsitzen zu vertreiben.<br />
Allerdings hat sich <strong>de</strong>r Wi<strong>de</strong>rstand<br />
kurdischer Gruppen eher noch verschärft.<br />
Die französische Tageszeitung ..le Mon<strong>de</strong>"<br />
bericht<strong>et</strong>e unlängst. die Regierung in<br />
Bagdad habe <strong>de</strong>shalb sogar Einheiten <strong>de</strong>r<br />
persönlichen Gar<strong>de</strong> Saddam Husseins in,<br />
das Kur<strong>de</strong>n-Gebi<strong>et</strong> schicken müssen. Dies<br />
habe zu einer vorübergehen<strong>de</strong>n Schwächung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Sicherheit Bagdads beig<strong>et</strong>ragen;<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n hätten dort Anschläge begangen.<br />
die mun zunächst <strong>de</strong>r fundamentalistischen<br />
-Da'wa-partei angelast<strong>et</strong> habe.<br />
Wi<strong>de</strong>rspruch gegen das brutale Vorgehen<br />
<strong>de</strong>r ir.akischen Armee kam schließlich von<br />
ln<strong>et</strong> Ibrclhim. <strong>de</strong>m Stellvertr<strong>et</strong>er Saddam<br />
Husscins. Mitglied im Revolutionären<br />
Kommandorat. Man müsse ..menschlichere"<br />
Fonnen <strong>de</strong>s Kampfes mit <strong>de</strong>r Patriotischen<br />
Union Kurdistans und an<strong>de</strong>ren<br />
Peschmerga-Gruppen lin<strong>de</strong>n. sagte Ibrahim.<br />
Nach bisher unbestätigten Meldungen<br />
soll <strong>de</strong>r Urheber jener Taktik <strong>de</strong>r _verbrannten<br />
Er<strong>de</strong>" (die übrigens schon früher<br />
gegen die Kur<strong>de</strong>n angewend<strong>et</strong> wur<strong>de</strong>)<br />
seines Amtes enthoben wor<strong>de</strong>n sein. Es<br />
han<strong>de</strong>le sich um einen Cousin <strong>de</strong>s Präsi<strong>de</strong>nten.<br />
Ali Hassan al Madschid.<br />
Verelichen mit <strong>de</strong>r Situation in <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Türkei. in Syrien o<strong>de</strong>r in Iran. genießen die<br />
irakischen Kur<strong>de</strong>n seit Einrichtung <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Regionalparlaments im Jahre 1980 mehr<br />
Rcchte und Freiheiten als sonst irgendwo.<br />
Sie können ihre Sprache sprechen und in<br />
ihr publizieren. es gibt kurdische Schulen<br />
und Hochschulen. Allerdings verhin<strong>de</strong>rt.<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Druck <strong>de</strong>r Zentr.alregierung in Bagdad.\<br />
eine wirkliche Autonomie: auf lange Sicht.<br />
so sagen Kur<strong>de</strong>n-Vertr<strong>et</strong>er, sei eben doch I<br />
an eine Assimilierune <strong>de</strong>s kurdischen<br />
Volkes an die arabischë Mehrheit gedacht. :<br />
5.14<br />
(len-or gegeit ~ltt'bel.<br />
wgl. Die jüngsten Ereignisse im<br />
Persischen Golf haben fast in Vergessenheit<br />
geraten lassen. daß <strong>de</strong>r Krieg<br />
zwischen <strong>de</strong>m Irak und (r.ln Nebenschauplätze<br />
hat. auf <strong>de</strong>nel) erbittert.<br />
gekämpft wird. Einer davon ist das<br />
wil<strong>de</strong> Kurdistan im Nor<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong>s Irak.<br />
Die auf ihre Freiheit bedachten Kur<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
- für alle Herrscher <strong>de</strong>r Region seit drei.<br />
Jahrtausen<strong>de</strong>n ein Problem - wollen <strong>de</strong>n<br />
historischen kampf zwischen arabischen<br />
Nationalisten und islamischen Visionä.' If.<br />
ren zu ihren Gunsteri ausnutzen. Sie<br />
glauben. daß <strong>de</strong>r Perser Chomeini am<br />
längeren Hebel sitze und ihnen beim<br />
Sturz <strong>de</strong>s verhaßten Baath-Reeimes<br />
helfen könne. Im Irak haben die K~r<strong>de</strong>n .<br />
mehr Rechte als an<strong>de</strong>rswo; warum also<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Haß auf die Zentralregierung in<br />
Bagdad? Nirgendwa sind die Regie-.<br />
rungstruppen so scharf gegen Kur<strong>de</strong>n<br />
vorgegangen wie im Irclk. selbst in <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Türkei nicht. Allein in <strong>de</strong>n vergangènen<br />
Monaten wur<strong>de</strong>n wie<strong>de</strong>r einmal Tausen<strong>de</strong><br />
von Kur<strong>de</strong>n in Wüstengebi<strong>et</strong>e .<br />
umgesie<strong>de</strong>lt. auf ihre Dörfer fielen<br />
Phosphor-Bomben. Der Terror war so<br />
stark. daß selbst Mitglie<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>r Baath-<br />
Führung am Tigris <strong>de</strong>m Mor<strong>de</strong>n nicht<br />
läQger zusehen wollten und nach-<br />
..menschlicheren" M<strong>et</strong>ho<strong>de</strong>n riefen.<br />
Doch an sie zu glauben. fällt <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n schwer.
•
':-~" ...<br />
'"<br />
J:)KTOBER 1987 '".<br />
;,<br />
\ '<br />
VIE CUL~ELLE<br />
""'1<br />
It.<br />
'"<br />
DER AUTOR:<br />
Zuhdl A1-Dahoodl, 1940 in Tuz, Irak. geboren.<br />
1961-63 Grundschullehrer in<br />
Irak, 1967-: 72 Studium an <strong>de</strong>r Fakultät'<br />
für Phllos~ptûe und Geschichtswissenschaft<br />
an • Universität leipzig. 1976<br />
Promotion zum Or. phil. lehrtätigkeit an<br />
<strong>de</strong>n Unlv*rattäten Mousul, Irak. Benghazi,<br />
libyen 'unSf heute in leipzig. Zahlrelchtt~Ver9ffentlichungen.<br />
darunter .Der<br />
0,..,. Er2lhlungen.. 1962. .Ein Mann<br />
übtten. ~dman. 1914.' .Die Litlen. die<br />
nicht sterben, Erzählungen- 1978 und<br />
.Rückkehr in <strong>de</strong>n Schatten, Roman.<br />
1987. .,,'<br />
, , '\Î"<br />
KURZTEXT:<br />
Die Geschichte eines alten Volkes, das<br />
sich seit mehr als fünfhun<strong>de</strong>rt Jahren<br />
verzweifelt gegen frem<strong>de</strong> Beherrschung<br />
wehrt. fundie~t und cr:1e Polemik, aber<br />
mit politischer B-!sam: \'I)n einem B<strong>et</strong>roffenen<br />
erzählt.<br />
ZIELGRUPPE:<br />
FOr alle, die an <strong>de</strong>r Geschichte und Kultur<br />
dieses Volkes im Nahen Osten interessiert<br />
sl"
..<br />
••<br />
24.10.1987<br />
Amnesty international<br />
la Sèllli:l.lIC: ÙU flfisunnier d'opillion<br />
Recep Marasll (Turquie)<br />
Recep Marasll, <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, a 6t6 condamn6 &\ un total <strong>de</strong><br />
trente-six ans <strong>de</strong> prison, pour ses livres lur la mlnorlt6<br />
k!!r<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Turquie, pour • actlvlt6. s6paratlstes., <strong>et</strong><br />
pour la d6fense qu'II a pr6sent6e <strong>de</strong>vant le tribunal.<br />
la communauté <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong><br />
compte environ huit millions<br />
d'individus en Turquie, mais<br />
elle n'est pas officiellement reconnue.<br />
Elle ne peut donc bénéficier<br />
d'une i<strong>de</strong>ntité cultu--<br />
relie distincte, <strong>et</strong> l'usage public<br />
<strong>de</strong> la langue <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> est<br />
interdit.<br />
Recep Marasli, éditeur, Agé<br />
<strong>de</strong> trente <strong>et</strong> un ans. a commencé<br />
sa carrière en 1975 aux<br />
éditions Komal, spécialisées<br />
dans les livres sur "histoire, la<br />
culture <strong>et</strong> la situation actuelle<br />
<strong>de</strong> la minorité <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> en Turquie.<br />
En 1979, après avoir été,<br />
l'année précé<strong>de</strong>nte. arrêté <strong>et</strong><br />
détenu huit mois pour ses activités<br />
professionnelles, il a<br />
ach<strong>et</strong>é les éditions Kamal. En<br />
1980, après l'instauration <strong>de</strong> la<br />
loi martiale, c<strong>et</strong>te entreprise a<br />
été fermée.<br />
De nouveau arrêté en janvier<br />
1982. Il a, <strong>de</strong>puis, été reconnu<br />
coupable par différents<br />
tribunaux militaires d'Istambul<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir pour les mo-<br />
AGENCE<br />
FRANCE<br />
tifs suivants: «Aff.lbll ••• -<br />
m.nt du .. ntlm.nt n<strong>et</strong>lonel .,<br />
«In.ult. • I. .t<strong>et</strong>ure morel.<br />
<strong>de</strong> le Gren<strong>de</strong> •••• mbfée n<strong>et</strong>lonele<br />
.t d.. forces d. .,-<br />
curlt'.t «In.ulte • le mémoire<br />
d'At.turk., -Inclt<strong>et</strong>lon<br />
.u "per<strong>et</strong>l.me IO, <strong>et</strong> - t.nt<strong>et</strong>lv.<br />
d. cr6<strong>et</strong>lon d'un tut Ind6pen<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
.ur <strong>de</strong>s territoire.<br />
•• trouvent ,ou, le .ouvereln<strong>et</strong>'<br />
d. l'tt<strong>et</strong> turc., <strong>et</strong> condamné<br />
è un total <strong>de</strong> trente-sIx<br />
ans, à effectuer consécutivement.<br />
Toutes ces décisions<br />
ont été confirmées en appel<br />
par la cour militaire.<br />
Recep Marasli fait partiR <strong>de</strong>"<br />
48 000 prisonniers politiques<br />
<strong>et</strong> plus qui ont été condamnés<br />
à l'issue <strong>de</strong> - procès inéquitables<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s tribunaux militaires<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis l'instauration <strong>de</strong> la<br />
loi martiale en Turquie. fi a fait<br />
plusieurs fois la grève <strong>de</strong> la<br />
faim <strong>et</strong> serait mala<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Ëcrire une l<strong>et</strong>tre courtoise<br />
<strong>de</strong>mandant la libération immé-<br />
PRESSE<br />
diate <strong>et</strong> sans condition <strong>de</strong> Recep<br />
Marasti, à l'adresse suivante:<br />
Son Excellence Turgut Ozal<br />
Premier ministre<br />
Basbakanlik<br />
Ankara<br />
Turquie.<br />
04.11.1987<br />
COMPLAINTE ~ Une c:lnquantaln.<br />
<strong>de</strong> mlUiinta du Front<br />
<strong>de</strong> hbération nationale du Kurdistan<br />
ont occupé hier matin les locaux <strong>de</strong><br />
l'agence <strong>de</strong> presse ouest-aUeman<strong>de</strong><br />
DPA à <strong>Paris</strong>. Les occupants <strong>de</strong>mandaient<br />
au gouvernement ouest-aUemand<br />
<strong>de</strong> leur restituer 700000 marks<br />
qUi auralenl été saisis aux domiciles <strong>de</strong><br />
plu;leurs nationalistes <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s au cours<br />
d'une ;éne <strong>de</strong> perquisitions opérées en<br />
JUill<strong>et</strong><strong>de</strong>rmer en RFA. Ils ont quitté les<br />
lieux 'àns réSlStan~e à 17h45.<br />
03.11.1987<br />
urQuie-franc~-justice<br />
'accusation reCQUlert l'acQuittement pour l@ GUld@ francais accusè d@<br />
;opaGan<strong>de</strong> pro-arm~nlenne <strong>et</strong> pro-~r<strong>de</strong><br />
ANKARA. 3 nov (AFP) - Le procureur ~ Cour <strong>de</strong> sOrelè d@ l'Elat <strong>de</strong><br />
mardI. faule <strong>de</strong> ~reuves<br />
is Michel Caramlnot. accusé<br />
lalionau)
..<br />
LE MIDI LIBRE 04.11.1987<br />
«MÉDECfNS DU MONDE»<br />
Patrick Faure, interne en orthopédie à l'hôpital Lapeyronie<br />
rentre d'une mIssIon médicale à la frontière Iran-Irak, 1/ n'a<br />
qu'un espoir, r<strong>et</strong>ourner très vIte prodIguer <strong>de</strong>s soins aux combattants.<br />
C<br />
ETTE mission, la premiére,<br />
le jeune mé<strong>de</strong>cin l'at.<br />
tendait <strong>et</strong> c'est sur ses<br />
congé. annuels qu'il a passé un<br />
mois, du quinze juoll<strong>et</strong> au quinze<br />
août ~ns un hôpital <strong>de</strong> campagne<br />
biti dan. un no man'. land<br />
ou .'e.t installé le cDaftan.<br />
quartier général du P.D.K I.<br />
(Parti démocratique Kurd-Iranien)<br />
que dirige le secrétaire général<br />
I. docteur Gha.semlou.<br />
Autour <strong>de</strong> cas structures <strong>de</strong> fortune,<br />
les populations civiles réfugiées<br />
seS(lnt amassées. Trois,<br />
voire quatm intervention. oar<br />
Jour, parfais lour<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>s<br />
con.ultation. pour les co~bat.<br />
tant •• t1es civils, ec'e.,durmllis<br />
c'est pIIssionnllnt <strong>et</strong> III vie reste<br />
.upportllblE. grlce Arhospitillitti<br />
.t Ii III geRltillll... <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong> ..<br />
.xpliqu. Patrick Faur •. ReIte<br />
que les .oldats ont cinq ou six<br />
jours <strong>de</strong> marche avant d'aneindre<br />
l'hôpital, <strong>et</strong> que certains, en<br />
particuli.r ceux touchés au ven.<br />
tre, m.urent en route.<br />
"""rer u_<br />
fonnlltion<br />
C'est par un. équipe <strong>de</strong> Marseille<br />
que Patrick Faure <strong>de</strong> cMé<strong>de</strong>cins<br />
du Mon<strong>de</strong>l a éttcontacté,<br />
C<strong>et</strong> hôpital, créé par<br />
l'Association .n 1985, il en<br />
connaissait l'existence <strong>et</strong> savait'<br />
qu'il fonctionnait en continu<br />
avec une équipe <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux ou trois<br />
mé<strong>de</strong>cins par mois, assistés <strong>de</strong><br />
~rsonnel médical <strong>et</strong> para-mé.<br />
öicalla plupart du temps formé<br />
lur place. ell est indispensable<br />
poursuit Patrick Faure d'assurer<br />
une formlltion parmi les populations,<br />
qui IIpprécient c<strong>et</strong>te actionl.<br />
AGENCE<br />
Des Kur<strong>de</strong>., <strong>de</strong>venu. ses<br />
amis, Il parte avec fougue <strong>et</strong> r.<br />
fait un peu "historique <strong>de</strong> ce<br />
peuple opprim6 ....... lOlöa la<br />
domin<strong>et</strong>ion perse au Ve .i6c1e <strong>et</strong><br />
arabe 6 pertir du XVIIe, ils ont<br />
enluite subi le joug ottom.n,<br />
AprH le premi«e guerre mondi.le<br />
l'empire <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> est démant.lé<br />
<strong>et</strong> rattaché aux nouveaux<br />
pays, la Turquie, la Syrie, l'Irak<br />
<strong>et</strong> l'Irlln.<br />
euur probltime c'est qu'ils ne<br />
sont ecceptés nulle part, parce<br />
qu'ils veulent Itre reconnus.<br />
part entière IIvec toutes leurs<br />
specificitèsl.<br />
En 1947. ils fon<strong>de</strong>nt le P.D.K.I.<br />
d'Iran, pour obtenir leur indé.<br />
pendance tout en continuant 6<br />
se battre .• C'était sous le régne<br />
du Shah Mohamed Palavi •. En<br />
1978. l'avatollah Khomeini leur<br />
fait <strong>de</strong>s promesses, notamment<br />
au niveau <strong>de</strong> leur autonomie,<br />
aussi les Kur<strong>de</strong>s font.ils partie<br />
<strong>de</strong>s opposants du régime.<br />
Quand Khomeoni prend le pouvoir,<br />
un an aprés, il fait fi <strong>de</strong> ses<br />
engagements <strong>et</strong> lance sa milice'<br />
qui massacre 10.000 femmes <strong>et</strong><br />
enfants <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s. Depuis I.s<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s résostent <strong>et</strong> se banent<br />
contre l'irrésistible avatollah.<br />
G.rd.,r••polr<br />
le P.D.K.!. quidisoosed. plus<br />
<strong>de</strong> quinze mille .PeshmergaSl<br />
ou combattants qui vont au-<strong>de</strong>vant<br />
<strong>de</strong> la mort mène une guerrilla<br />
sans merci contre les forces<br />
iraniennes, au point <strong>de</strong> paralvser<br />
250 000 soldats! A leur tête un<br />
FRi\NCE<br />
05.11.1987<br />
ancien profésseur <strong>de</strong> Scienc ••<br />
Politiques, qui. fait _ étu<strong>de</strong>s 6<br />
Prague, le docteur Gh .. semlou.<br />
C. chef, vénéré par ses<br />
hommes, pour.uit un double<br />
objectif, l'autonomi. <strong>et</strong> la reo<br />
connaissance du peuple <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong><br />
au sein d'un Iran démocratique.<br />
eOéj. ajoute le Mé<strong>de</strong>con du<br />
Mon<strong>de</strong>, un mouvement est né,<br />
composé d'Iraniens non Kur<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
qui se sont joinrs IIU P.O.K.I., en<br />
qui ils m<strong>et</strong>tent tout leur espoir.<br />
Un espoir que /e docteur Gh8S'<br />
semlou entr<strong>et</strong>ient IIvec une<br />
énergie SBnsfaillll •.<br />
l.s Méd.cins du Mon<strong>de</strong> qui<br />
n. peuvent ignorer ta .ituation,<br />
.. nt 16 oour former
REFORME<br />
14. 11. 1987<br />
L<strong>et</strong>tre ouverte<br />
~u Prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
D" 1 I.<br />
<strong>de</strong> Iâ "'~p~u"~~_<br />
I )an~ le Coumer<strong>de</strong> l'ACAT (
...<br />
AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE 23.11.1987<br />
Iran-Irak ~rev-flt1<br />
Offensives danc: 1.. K" ... ,nC:+'ln irakien <strong>et</strong> m.... ";I;
AGENCE FR~NCE PRESSE<br />
23.11.1907<br />
Irak-Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
L'UPK accuse les Irakiens d'avoir exécuté plus <strong>de</strong> 200 Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
PARIS, 23 nov (AFP) - Plus <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux cents habitants <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s <strong>de</strong> la localité<br />
<strong>de</strong> Tchiman, ~ 15 km ~ l'est <strong>de</strong> Kirkouk, au Kurdistan irakien, ont été<br />
exécutés, le 20 novembre, par l'armée irakienne, a affirmé, lundi ~ <strong>Paris</strong>, un<br />
porte-parole <strong>de</strong> l'Union PatriotiQue du Kurdistan irakien (UPK).<br />
Le porte-parole du mouvement <strong>de</strong> Jalal Talabani, allié <strong>de</strong> l'Iran, a déclaré<br />
à l'AFP Qlje les victimes, "essentiellement <strong>de</strong>s femmes, <strong>de</strong>s enfants <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
vieillat~ds", avaient "t-'I?fuséd'èvacuer leurs mais.,ns <strong>et</strong> d'~tre dèportées vers<br />
le sud <strong>de</strong> l'Irak".<br />
Il a aussi accusè les forces irakiennes d'avoir ensuite "rasè" la p<strong>et</strong>ite<br />
v~lle <strong>de</strong> Tchiman, où vivaient plus <strong>de</strong> 5.000 personnes.<br />
L'UPK avait déjà accusé, samedi, l'armée irakienne d'avoir tué 25<br />
habitants <strong>de</strong> la ville <strong>de</strong> ShaQI~wa, dans la province d'Erbil, alors Qu'ils<br />
s'opposaient â une évacuation forcée.<br />
Au printemps <strong>de</strong>rnier, l'armée irakienne avait déjà procédé ~ une campaGne<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>struction <strong>de</strong> villaGes le lonG <strong>de</strong>s Grands axes routiers, transférant la<br />
population notamment vers la frontiére jordanienne, selon <strong>de</strong>s sources<br />
diplomatiQues à BaGdad.<br />
Les opérations avaient cessé à la fin <strong>de</strong> l'été •<br />
•<br />
AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE<br />
24.11.1987<br />
Irak-It~an<br />
Mise au point irakienne sur les combats au ~orC QU front<br />
BAGDAD, 24 nov (AFP) - L'Irak a implic!tement reconnu mardi le déroulement<br />
<strong>de</strong> combats au nord du front irako-iranien, en affirmant Que "les forces<br />
irakiennes exerçaient une domination totale da~s les réGions frontalières au<br />
nor'G'-o?st<strong>de</strong> l' It~ak".<br />
Un por~e-parole militaire à BaGdad, cité par l'aGence irakienne<br />
d'information INA, a en eff<strong>et</strong> indiQuè Que "les !~aGiens o~t subi <strong>de</strong>s pertes<br />
considérables sans pouvoir réaliser aucun objectif, apr?s LOU~~S leurs<br />
tentatlves (d'attaQue)".<br />
":...o?s fot-'ces it~akienr;es ex<strong>et</strong>~cent une dorninatior, t(.tale dans les t-'éGi(.ns<br />
frontalières au nord-est <strong>de</strong> l'Irak <strong>et</strong> les alléGatio~s ir'anie~r.es à ce propos<br />
sont dénuées <strong>de</strong> tout ron<strong>de</strong>ment", a ajouté le porte-parole.<br />
(Selon Téhéran, <strong>de</strong>ux opérations ont été lancées au KiArdistan irakien:<br />
Nasr-8. lancée vendredi dans la réGion <strong>de</strong> Mawat, <strong>et</strong> Nasr-9, déclenchée<br />
dimanche dans le secteur rrontal~r <strong>de</strong> HajJ-Omran, à la pointe nore-est <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Irak. Selon Téhéran, 5.700 Irakiens ont été ffilS hors <strong>de</strong> combat, 285 capturés<br />
<strong>et</strong> Q~el~ues hauteurs sent passées sous contrôle iranien, <strong>de</strong>puis vendredi<br />
<strong>de</strong>r.nier.) •<br />
Un pot~te-parole officiel irakien avait fait état lundi, pour la pr~mière<br />
fois, c'un~ importante attaQue dimanche matin <strong>de</strong> l'Armée <strong>de</strong> Libération<br />
Nationale Irdnienne (ALNI- opposants iraniens) contre les troupes iraniennes<br />
dans le K~rdislanl ~ la fronliêre <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux ca~s. Il d éGa:eme~l démenti les<br />
OFérations d'opposants (irakiens) <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s dans co?lte réGion <strong>et</strong> dont font état<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis plusl~urs Jours les médias iraniens.<br />
6
J<br />
26.11.1987<br />
La démocratisàtlon sous l'aile <strong>de</strong><br />
la Mère Patrie<br />
Quatre ans après son arrivée au pouvoir, le parti du Premier ministre Turgut Ozal paraÎt bien placé pour<br />
remporter les élections législatives qui doivent avoir lieu dimanche prochain.<br />
La formaiion POliliponsable~ <strong>de</strong> la dégradation du<br />
climat politique <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la situation économlerlé 1010-<br />
le». estime Murat Belge.<br />
Fallrice ROUSSELOT<br />
7
.....<br />
28.11.1987<br />
Les élections législatives du 29 novembre<br />
La Turquie entre <strong>de</strong>ux siècles<br />
PIllS <strong>de</strong> 'iDat-six millions <strong>de</strong><br />
Turcs SODt appela aux urnes, le<br />
dlmancbe 29 Donmbre, pour<br />
élire les 450 députés du Parlement<br />
IIIOIIOCaDIérai. Sept partis<br />
présentent <strong>de</strong>s cl!ndidl1t5 il ccl1c<br />
consultation, la première à<br />
caractère démocratique <strong>de</strong>puis<br />
le coup d'Etat militaire <strong>de</strong> 1980.<br />
ToIlS les sondages donnent une<br />
taree a'&Dce au Parti <strong>de</strong> la mère<br />
patrie (ANAP) du premier<br />
ministre, M. Turpt Ozal.<br />
IZMIR-MAR VIL<br />
<strong>de</strong> notre envoyé spécial<br />
.LA Turquùt change, avec un<br />
nouveau mandaI, nous la ferons<br />
changu <strong>de</strong> siècle. - Le contraste<br />
entre ia Turquie traditionnelle <strong>et</strong><br />
celle <strong>de</strong> la civilisation industrielle<br />
évoquée par le mot d'ordre électoral<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'ANAP,le Parti <strong>de</strong> la mère<br />
patrie <strong>de</strong> M. Ozal, est présent partout.<br />
dans les région, le, rlu.<br />
d6veloppées <strong>de</strong> l'ouest, mais<br />
encore davantage ll'cst.<br />
Zone franche, complexes hôte.<br />
liers, raffineries: le premier<br />
ministre a multiplié les inaugurations,<br />
mentionnant les réalisations<br />
effectuées pour donner du poids<br />
aux promesses d'avenir. Au nouvel<br />
aéroport d'Izmir, troisième<br />
ville du payx, sur la mer Egée,<br />
une foule paysanne ravie découvre<br />
les joies <strong>de</strong>s escaliers roulants<br />
en contemplant les ban<strong>de</strong>roles qui<br />
évoquent le regain <strong>de</strong> prestige <strong>de</strong><br />
la Turquie à l'étranger: • C'esl loi<br />
en Amérique, loi dans fa CEE,<br />
dans le FMI, en Turqui", c'eslloi<br />
Ozal, ça reSlera loi. - Parmi les<br />
portraits géants, les ron<strong>de</strong>urs bonhommes<br />
du premier ministre, Je<br />
crayon <strong>de</strong> l'expert à la main, tranchent<br />
sur l'austérité milnaire du<br />
père fondateur <strong>de</strong> la république,<br />
AtatUrk. l'occasion s'y prête:<br />
c'est la première fois qu'est donné<br />
à un établi.semenl public le nom<br />
d'Adnan Men<strong>de</strong>res, renversé <strong>et</strong><br />
exécuté en 1961, symbole à la fois<br />
<strong>de</strong> la droite turque <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s interventions<br />
militaires qui, déclare<br />
M. Ozal sous les ovations, • ne<br />
doivent plus jamais se reproduire<br />
-.<br />
Le show ne déçoit pas : arrivé<br />
main dans la main avec sa femme,<br />
un spectacle inédit dans la mâle<br />
tradition locale, M. Ozal, • l'illusionniste<br />
- pour l'opposition, discute<br />
d'abord en direct avec les<br />
badauds d'Ankara, qui l'écoutent<br />
à mille kilomètres <strong>de</strong> là sur écran<br />
géant. Après une telle démonstration<br />
<strong>de</strong> technologie, <strong>et</strong> le rappel <strong>de</strong><br />
la construction <strong>de</strong> barrages, <strong>de</strong><br />
routes, <strong>de</strong> lignes téléphoniques,<br />
comment ne pas croire à la suite:<br />
• Une voiture, une <strong>de</strong>uxième télévision,<br />
si voIre femme veul suivre<br />
un aulre programme, <strong>et</strong> paraquai<br />
pas une Iroisième pou,- le:;<br />
enfanls? "<br />
Surtout, «un ordinateur par<br />
famille" : pour l'enseignement,<br />
• priorilé dt la prochaine législalure",<br />
selon le gou,'ernerrent.<br />
• Pour permelITe aux smicards <strong>de</strong><br />
planifier auc un salaire <strong>de</strong><br />
90 000 livres (500 F) <strong>de</strong>s dépenses<br />
au moins cinq fois plus élevées-,<br />
ironise l'opposition ..<br />
8<br />
A propœ <strong>de</strong>s réalisations gouvernementales,<br />
il interroge la foule :<br />
• Pourquoi faisons-nous lout<br />
cela? " La réponse jaillit: • Parce<br />
que vous nous aimez f - Et M. Ozal<br />
<strong>de</strong> reprendre: ~ Bien sûr. mais aussi<br />
j".;;;,r ::;1~_', ~,'; , -::. . . ." ~.<br />
assuTiez vous-mèmes la prospérité<br />
du pays. Pour rallraper l'AI/t'nw-<br />
. l,' '. 'f • J':' !~ l' ' ., (-..<br />
cu,-' /1' iC1:1pJ J'j :',J,1 .1U-::. 1 :,:: r: .<br />
l'argenllambe du ci"1 - ~;i1~c"jc<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Etat) - esl révolu. _ C'est un<br />
leitmotiv <strong>de</strong> M. Ozal: • La nécessité<br />
<strong>de</strong> rem<strong>et</strong>tre l'initiative économique<br />
aux individus <strong>et</strong> aux co!/ectivités<br />
locales", pour m<strong>et</strong>tre fin à une<br />
conception génératrice <strong>de</strong> léthargie<br />
héritée <strong>de</strong> plusieurs siècles d'éccnomie<br />
dirigiste <strong>et</strong> souvent secourable,<br />
celle résumée dans la form,,!c populaire<br />
d' • Etat-popu -.<br />
Les réalisations <strong>de</strong>s municipalités,<br />
autonomes <strong>de</strong>puis 1994, sont dODnéea<br />
CD exemple. M. BuraD Ozfatura,<br />
maire d'Izmir,est l'une <strong>de</strong>s personnalités<br />
les plus controversées dll<br />
parti au pouvoir. La presse l'a sutnommé<br />
• l'homme aux sabols_,<br />
alluaion aux sandalca <strong>de</strong> prière que<br />
ce diplÔmé francophone en sciences<br />
économiquca reconnalt hautement<br />
chausler cinq fois par jour. Il<br />
déclare d'emblée son hostilité au<br />
communisme, mais aussi à l'imam<br />
Khomeiny, • intolérant el violent,<br />
qui n'a rien à voir avec le vrai<br />
islam -.• L'important, c'esl <strong>de</strong> Iravailler<br />
ensemble .. l'AN AP n!<br />
ouvert à laUS." C'est le Point <strong>de</strong> vue<br />
<strong>de</strong> plusieurs candîdats ~maï~ué~ '1<br />
gauche <strong>et</strong> qui, sollicités P.1r M. Oz,l,<br />
se présentent sur ses listes. Hi~t. '1<br />
l'applaudimètre du dîner ofrert P.<br />
Izmir aux maires cl: vill~ccs, ''1<br />
blon<strong>de</strong> Huliya Koçyigit interprète<br />
<strong>de</strong> films engagés, prix d'int<strong>et</strong>prétation<br />
au Festival <strong>de</strong> Nantes, Gissimule<br />
pour ses tournées viilageeises<br />
<strong>de</strong>s jambes dont les soee:ate,"~ or,-<br />
cu <strong>de</strong>s aperçus plus' généreux. La<br />
• Melina Mereouri lurque» se<br />
revendique social-..:'c~<br />
jous, qui fait i~1;;t~" <strong>de</strong>s méfaits du<br />
pouvoir: à commencer par l'inten-<br />
L'.<br />
..<br />
--<br />
photos; <strong>de</strong>ux guépard. dans les bras,<br />
<strong>de</strong> >1c+:.~~: ;'~:i': ~i,:~I.{,.rt ~r.c!:i<br />
Baba, candidat indépendant considéré<br />
comme l'un <strong>de</strong>s cbefs <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Mafia. Un dur du quarticr explique<br />
en tapant du poin, sur la table :<br />
• Les gens fonl encore leurs besoins<br />
dans <strong>de</strong>s ",dOllS qu 'iü vi<strong>de</strong>nlla nuit<br />
da.--:s: !'€:.:-;hr'1~e : aucun parti ne<br />
l"il Tienpour nous, lOul va à la ville<br />
vois/ne. »<br />
A Urfa, il C."tPrès Ii~minuit, mais<br />
<strong>de</strong>s centaines d'habitants <strong>de</strong>s quartiers<br />
~}aü"'r.~~ :;jjc"J.lent autour<br />
d'lndJi Baba dall, • le bâlimenl d'où<br />
a CG~:r..?1tci te.. ,"i::H!.;m::e contre les<br />
Fr"m;ais en 1920". Travaillant<br />
d'une main sa moustache, la veste<br />
maculée du sanl" <strong>de</strong>s trois chameaux<br />
~t .)~iï.:"; 'TI;::UÎI);~ ~acrifiés. un toup<strong>et</strong><br />
'i,'\T ~"'. t.êt.e. ~':1 ,forme <strong>de</strong> p~~rc,<br />
1 ~~~~~:,;~ fi: q~~~.~.~.~ses p'emu~r~s<br />
{; •• " ,oJ t. {'S .~~. a 'I .... ,.ze ans" maiS,<br />
2.'Ç::ès sn. réussi~e it Ankara, ... qui a<br />
t/">. '{"J;"'S aid(5 ce:.J.x <strong>de</strong> sa ville" a<br />
pm tG tète du • ParIi d'Urfa -. Il<br />
revendic'Je avec fierlé ses occupallOilS,<br />
... puisque les Américains ont<br />
el.' ~'e.::o ..~ d'A:' Capone pour libérer<br />
{~Siciic *. Les di~.m3nts brillent sur<br />
L;-'.t' il1i'.i1, ~e ......~::~, il dislrlbue à<br />
ses .;:.liO'115 -:t ~:c.~:-~;.,;s ia manne du<br />
• Papa ", celui qui intervient quand<br />
...Je droit tl la JlJSllCe n'existent<br />
plus -. Au bureau d'à côté, les candidats<br />
barbus du parti religieux,<br />
remontés dans les sondages, rient<br />
'0"3 capo <strong>de</strong>s dépenses supplémentaires<br />
que lui a occasionnées le<br />
report d'un ~~!'; ~e'5 ~1ect:ons<br />
L'i<strong>de</strong>ntité<br />
<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong><br />
Dans la campagne <strong>de</strong> Mardin,<br />
dans la forteresse qui rappelle les<br />
origines féodales du candidat du<br />
Parti populiste social-pre<br />
langue el à développer sa propre<br />
cullure.<br />
Le candidat <strong>de</strong> l'ANAP, Nur<strong>et</strong>tin<br />
Yümaz. n'cat pu en reste : aYOCat.<br />
membre du mouYement <strong>de</strong> la paix.<br />
longtemps emprilOllM lui aussi. il a<br />
rejoint M. Ozal - • lin hom_ toléranI.<br />
- sur sa propœition, après<br />
avoir essuyé un refus <strong>de</strong> la directiOD<br />
du PPSD - • raciste el challvine_.<br />
Il soulève l'enthousiasme <strong>de</strong>s<br />
I\'céens. qui le portent en triomphe<br />
-:. '" '.1 vdle <strong>de</strong> Dlizre, sur les bords<br />
du Tigre, lorsqu'il affirme son iDtention<br />
<strong>de</strong> continuer l se battre, ll'iDIf.<br />
rieur du parti au pouvoir, pour la<br />
levée <strong>de</strong> l'interdiction <strong>de</strong>s activit.<br />
communistes <strong>et</strong> l'affirmatiOll <strong>de</strong><br />
('i<strong>de</strong>ntité culturelle <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> : la _.<br />
velle approche <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te qlllMion,<br />
très probablement l J'ordre chi jour<br />
<strong>de</strong> la prochaine légillature, .. 1la<br />
mesure <strong>de</strong>s changements en --.<br />
MICHEL FARRIM.<br />
• Colloqu. Int.rn.t .<br />
<strong>Paris</strong> aur la lN_a<strong>de</strong> en ......<br />
qui •• - l'6volution IMmocraliqueen<br />
Turquie <strong>de</strong>puia la coup d'E ... ,..<br />
taire da 1980 aat anaIyaM !en crUll<br />
• con(Jfft intematioMl. organIef par<br />
le mouvement • Laa Amia da la Turquie.;<br />
du 27 au 29 novembre 1<br />
Pari•. Selon l'un daa orga~,<br />
M, Fou"", cUputll socialist. at membre<br />
du Conseil da l'Europa, catt.<br />
confIIrence aura pour obj<strong>et</strong> • d'8fJPIi-<br />
."., •• ",. •• u _<br />
cier l'~voturion ,. ce /MYS, CIW'"<br />
fe~ •. l••traveux .. dIInluleront<br />
à l'As •• mbllla nationala.<br />
(AFP.}
..<br />
AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE<br />
27.11.1987<br />
Iran-Irak<br />
Les <strong>de</strong>ux principaux chefs <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s irakiens appellent au soul~vement, selon<br />
IRNA<br />
PARIS, 27 nov (AFP) - Les chefs <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
irakiens en lutle armée conlre le réGime <strong>de</strong><br />
les forces armées iraKiennes ~ se soulever,<br />
iranienne IRNA reÇue ~ <strong>Paris</strong>.<br />
principaux Mouvements <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s<br />
BaGdad ont appelé la population<br />
a indiQué ".:ondr'edil'aGe,,_'2<br />
Dans un premier' communiQué, Massoud Barzani, chef du Parti démocratIQUe du<br />
K~~distan irakien (PDK), "a,appelé A tirer profit <strong>de</strong> la situation actuelle en<br />
Irak pour orGaniser la lutte contre le réGime du Baas irakien".<br />
: Dans un texte séparé, Jalal Talebani, diriGeant <strong>de</strong> l'Union patriotIQUe du<br />
Kurdistan (UPK), <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> aux militaires Irakiens <strong>de</strong> "ne pas se laisser tromper<br />
par les slOGans officiels du réGime" <strong>et</strong> leur rappelle Que "défendre Saddam (le<br />
pr~si<strong>de</strong>nt irakien Saddam Hussein) éQuivaut A trahir les idéaux <strong>de</strong> la nation<br />
irakienne".<br />
Le PDK <strong>et</strong> l'UPK ont décidé en automne 1986 <strong>de</strong> former une coalilion, sous<br />
l'éGi<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Iran, afin <strong>de</strong> renforcer la lutte armée contre le t'éGime <strong>de</strong> BaGdad.<br />
<strong>et</strong><br />
PARLEMENT EUROPEEN NOVEr1BRE 1987<br />
ARRESTATIONS ARBITRAIRES EN TURQUIE<br />
(Doc.<br />
B2-1326/87)<br />
'---<br />
LE MONDE<br />
C'est par 123 voix contre 76 <strong>et</strong> 4 abstentions Que le<br />
Parlement a adopté la résolution du groupe communiste<br />
réclamant la libération immédiate <strong>de</strong> MM. NIHAT SARGIN <strong>et</strong><br />
HAYDAR KUTLU, secrétaires généraux du Parti ouvrier <strong>et</strong> du<br />
Parti communiste <strong>de</strong> Turquie, qui ont été arrêtés à leur<br />
arrivé à Ankara <strong>et</strong> brutalement séparés <strong>de</strong>s parlementaires<br />
qui les accompagnaient. Il <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> aussi que soit garantie<br />
à l'avenir leur libre activité pOLitique dans le pays <strong>et</strong><br />
ce afin <strong>de</strong> contribuer à l'établissement d'un processus<br />
drmocratiQue en Turquie.<br />
diplomatique<br />
NOVEHBRE<br />
Le long chemin vers la démocratie<br />
LA TURQUIE<br />
U<br />
AUX MARCHES<br />
NE pério<strong>de</strong> difficile com-<br />
DE L'EUROPE<br />
Avancées d'un an, les élections générales du 29 novembre prochain<br />
en Turquie ont valeur <strong>de</strong> test pour la démocratie. Les restrictions<br />
datant du régime militaire ont en eff<strong>et</strong> été levées, <strong>et</strong> tous les<br />
courants politiques, à l'exception <strong>de</strong>s marxistes-léninistes toujours<br />
interdits, peuvent y participer.<br />
Située dans une zone géopolitique d'extrême turbulence, III<br />
l'urquie se donne <strong>de</strong>s objectifs ambitieux pour les années 90. Elle<br />
souhaite être le treiziême convive à la table européenne. Elle essaie<br />
<strong>de</strong> concilier une société ouverte, mo<strong>de</strong>rne <strong>et</strong> laïque, avec une population<br />
musulmane à 99 %, dont une partie (restreinte, mais le<br />
restera-t-elle toujours ?) prête une oreille <strong>de</strong> plus en plus atteutive<br />
aux appels <strong>de</strong>s islamistes. Elle tente d'accélérer son développement<br />
économique en appliquant <strong>de</strong>s politiques ultralibérales, tout en faisant<br />
<strong>de</strong>s efforts pour se démocratiser da>antage, ce qui, à terme,<br />
tient <strong>de</strong> la quadrature du cercle dans un pays encore en >oie <strong>de</strong><br />
dé'eloppemenl. De tels objectifs, assez contradictoires, la Turquie<br />
aura-t-elle les moyens <strong>de</strong> les alleindre? La tâche paraît ardue,<br />
mais pas au-<strong>de</strong>là <strong>de</strong>s possibilités d'un pays dont l'économie <strong>et</strong> la<br />
démographie font preuve d'un dynamisme exceptionnel.<br />
Par<br />
ATA<br />
GIL<br />
mencée avec le coup d'Etat militaire<br />
du 12 septembre 1980 <strong>et</strong> suivie d'une<br />
phase <strong>de</strong> démocratisation progressive,<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis 1983 s'achève avec les élections<br />
du 29 novembre, Le cours <strong>de</strong> la démocratisation<br />
est donc bien engagé, Le<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong> l'Europe en a pris acte, puisque<br />
la Turquie assume actuellement la<br />
prési<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong> organisme qui ne<br />
transige pas sur la démocratie <strong>et</strong> tes<br />
drOIts <strong>de</strong> l'homme.<br />
Est-ce à dire que la page est définitivement<br />
tournée? D'importants progrès<br />
ont été réalisés, Le pays a accepté le<br />
droit <strong>de</strong> recours individuel <strong>de</strong>vant la<br />
Commission européenne <strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme, La liberté d'expression, <strong>et</strong><br />
notamment celle <strong>de</strong> la presse, est beaucoup<br />
mieux assurée, Sous la pression<br />
<strong>de</strong>s opinions publiques d'Europe, mais<br />
aussi turque, la torture a reculé, <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
tortionnaires continuent d'être traduits<br />
en justice. Cependant, si la tendance<br />
générale est incontestablement à la<br />
démocratisation, Il reste encore bien<br />
<strong>de</strong>s ombres au tableau: pour commen.<br />
cer, la ConstItution elle-même comporle<br />
trop <strong>de</strong> clauses antidémocratiques,<br />
notamment <strong>de</strong>s limitations au<br />
droit <strong>de</strong> grève, Le délit d'opinion existe<br />
toujours, <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s journalistes, <strong>de</strong>s<br />
utistes <strong>et</strong> autres Intellectuels sont<br />
1987<br />
poursuivis pour leurs écrits ou leurs<br />
œuvres. En Anatolie orientale, les<br />
populations <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s sont toujoun soumises<br />
aux pressions <strong>de</strong> l'armée, <strong>et</strong>, dans<br />
ces régions éloignées, les droits <strong>de</strong><br />
l'homme sont moins respectés qu'ailleurs.<br />
La recru<strong>de</strong>scence <strong>de</strong>s actions<br />
armées perpétrées par les rebelles<br />
<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s prend les populations en étau<br />
entre la violence étatique turque <strong>et</strong> le'<br />
terrorisme <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>,<br />
Un test <strong>de</strong>s progrès démocratiques a<br />
été le référendum populaire du 6 septembre<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier, par lequel l'électorat<br />
"est prononcé à une majorité <strong>de</strong><br />
50,16 % contre 49,84 % (soit une différence<br />
<strong>de</strong> 75000 voix, sur 25 millions)<br />
en faveur <strong>de</strong> la levée <strong>de</strong>s interdictions<br />
politiques qui frappaient <strong>de</strong>ux cent<br />
quarante <strong>et</strong> un dirigeants <strong>de</strong> partis,<br />
dont les <strong>de</strong>ux. ténors. <strong>de</strong>s années 70,<br />
MM. Süleyman Demirel <strong>et</strong> BUlent<br />
Ecevit. Le résultat extrêmement sC1Té<br />
du scrutin indique que, si le peuple turc<br />
ne souhaite pas le r<strong>et</strong>our <strong>de</strong>s personnalités<br />
<strong>et</strong> mœurs politiques qui ont eu leur<br />
part <strong>de</strong> responsabilité dans le chaos qui<br />
régnait à la fin <strong>de</strong>s années 70, il tient<br />
par-<strong>de</strong>ssus tout à ce que le pays soit<br />
doté d'un régime démocratique.<br />
Ce résultat convenait parfaitement<br />
au premier ministre, M, TurgUI Ozal.<br />
A l'égard <strong>de</strong>s opinions publiques occi<strong>de</strong>ntales,<br />
il apportait la preuve que la<br />
démocratie fonctionne en Turquie. A<br />
l'intérieur, M, Demirel, son grand rival<br />
au sein <strong>de</strong> la droite, ne pouvait plus le<br />
menacer, n'ayant pa< réussi à transfor-<br />
-> 9<br />
'.<br />
"<br />
I
.. ','If ,"" I<br />
mer Sùn r.:IOllf sur le dC\..tfll Je: Jrl 'i ....ènc::<br />
en un trl(lm))ht [Kdl:: \11'-" t)I ..Hlt à lil<br />
rentrée <strong>de</strong> M. Ece\
...<br />
LE MONDE DIPWMAnQVE<br />
tions <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong> financj~re, ont fait<br />
l'obj<strong>et</strong> crun début <strong>de</strong> normalisation.<br />
mail IOnt encore loin d'avoir r<strong>et</strong>rouv'<br />
leur r'aime <strong>de</strong> croisi~re. La réticence<br />
<strong>de</strong> plulieurs membre. <strong>de</strong> la CEE ne<br />
tießt pu seulement à <strong>de</strong>s objection.<br />
d'ordre 6c0n0rnique. Ils consid~rent<br />
que la Turquie n'elt pal un pays euro-<br />
,... <strong>et</strong> que sa culture, sa religion <strong>et</strong> le<br />
lRO<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> vic <strong>de</strong> son peuple sont trop dif-<br />
Urenls <strong>de</strong> ceux <strong>de</strong>s Douze. La résolutioa<br />
que le Parlement<br />
européen a votée<br />
à Struboura, en mai <strong>de</strong>rnier, liant<br />
l'examen d'une éventuelle adhésion à la<br />
CEE l la reconnaissance par la Turquie<br />
du B'noci<strong>de</strong> arménien <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
droits <strong>de</strong>s minorités, est une manifestation<br />
<strong>de</strong> ces Msitations. Quant à la<br />
Oùce, elle ne fai~ ~:-~ rnyr;tfl...". .-te ~'}p<br />
intention <strong>de</strong> tout faire pour fermer la<br />
porte <strong>de</strong> l'Europe à la Turquie tant que<br />
le conflit chypriote <strong>et</strong> le cortenn""<br />
'B6en ne scront 0".5 -1,,1., r.. '.- \<br />
donc pr6dire san.' '. _.:' .<br />
Turquie ne sera P?s alJrnl,e ,.;:...g 'r.,<br />
CEE avant l'an 2000 (a ';tr, 300 000 ".lIemaods <strong>de</strong> "Ouest,<br />
, .,0 ,)()() 1-,.",,, ;3, 125 000 8riün-<br />
,', (j,JC3 at 75 00J ltahens.<br />
Travailleur. immigré. :<br />
1 07 1 000 ouvriers turcs travaillent<br />
., ... éta,ant recensés en<br />
I ~.. 3', - C .cc les .;:clan<strong>de</strong>stins. <strong>et</strong><br />
las familles, le chrffre mont•• peW<br />
<strong>de</strong> 3 mIllions. Ils ont anvoyé c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
année-Ià 1,774 milliard da dollats eu<br />
pays. La RFA accueilla plus <strong>de</strong> le.<br />
mOlti.l<strong>de</strong> cas travailleura (586 0001,<br />
les Pays-Bas 78 000, le Frence<br />
66000 - 125000 avec I••<br />
familles - <strong>et</strong> la Belgique 31000.<br />
ZOlles <strong>de</strong> DtIuplement kl.W'<strong>de</strong> (salon le recenMmlftl dl 1H5<br />
o l'Inlle 10%8150%<br />
E?~ [JI.;. dtl 50 %<br />
19B cf .928: :(5 <strong>de</strong>u:t premières rhollCl<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>a.<br />
Il no... mbrc 1(,l~ .. ml", d.A'J.llHk.<br />
~J rhri~( 19..5. I.. TUI'1ule Jo!:clllrc: 1. lucH ...' l'AlIcma .....<br />
19 ........ dopllon dLl mu!t'p,u'l1fY1e el premltrQ 61cClIOM lWIno-<br />
',:<br />
.filIQIJCS<br />
"0;,,. ri' d1rh'Cllile (opp.lIllion) au.a 61ce:-<br />
"Cl. :Cl, ~k. 1\ ..... 11. "1J11 répuoll~ln au POUy"" dcpuÎl<br />
1'12 ..<br />
IQc:l. loiTlJf\lUIC <strong>de</strong>vLcrll membre: l poIn enllile <strong>de</strong> l'OTAN.<br />
J" ~ \d ...rl Iisne ,~c(, t'Ir~k. le pacte <strong>de</strong> S.,dad, qU&rcjoi , ..<br />
dronlle Küya"mO;-Ufll, le PILatan <strong>et</strong> J'Inn.<br />
IDA! 1960 premIer coup d'Etat Ruhtalre,<br />
1.7<br />
1~ oclobre 1961 : lran~(c.., du pouvoir IUliiçivib. ,<br />
19b}~Ê~naturc d'UD aCÇo!dd'UlQÇlatlon CDI.IOla Turquie ., la<br />
Il atanl971 : nouveau r~'llne mllllalrc qui duttr. <strong>de</strong>" ...<br />
10 J1.lIlell~i.t tnlervcrlllon <strong>de</strong> l'armée: turque l Cbypre,<br />
Il wplcmbn 1980: le iénén! Evren l'empare du P"lVOtl.<br />
r\o,c.,b,~ l~tO. élc:ctIOntlé'J1!atlvn rempun6c. pat. pani dl<br />
'-I Uld! q ...,dcvlcnl p(emlcrmlOl~lrc<br />
loi pril 1~'j7: 'II Tur4'J,e jépose une <strong>de</strong>maadc d'adb~ a la<br />
•<br />
CI:.l:<br />
f t";f:: '-n ''1'"<br />
,;Çj ~~l;>';:l.<br />
Ji ~~~ 11',\<br />
..t 1:. _ ""J.~ ~<br />
L.... B~'RZ '\L DE "lyrE PS".:)A ..... -r U: RE:rt.h.L ,C:'<br />
(Kuli"<br />
\i OE SE.l'TE:\iBRE<br />
ClJft--Slpll)<br />
J91i7 11<br />
"'i~:..: lk,.! ~'('::llnL'n I:~_',: L.lLJ"::Ln
(suite)<br />
Un précieux avant-poste<br />
L<br />
Par<br />
STEPHANE YERASIMOS •<br />
A pluS forte armée <strong>de</strong> I U1 AN en Europe (80U 000<br />
hommes, dont 600 000 pour I armée <strong>de</strong> {prre). ainSI résume-<br />
1-on couramment l'Importance <strong>de</strong>s moyens <strong>de</strong> di.fense <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Turquie Mals un examen plus attentif Lilt dpparaÎtre <strong>de</strong>s forces<br />
pléthoriQues <strong>et</strong> mal équipées pour I essentiel <strong>de</strong>s conscnts<br />
effectuant un service <strong>de</strong> diX-huit mOIS <strong>et</strong> commdndés par un<br />
corps <strong>de</strong> 35 000 oHICle's <strong>et</strong> Butant <strong>de</strong> SUl':::; OHIClNS <strong>de</strong> métier.<br />
Qualifiée par Alexan<strong>de</strong>r Haig alors conHTldllddnt suprême <strong>de</strong>s<br />
t()(ces <strong>de</strong> l'OTAN en Europe, <strong>de</strong> I Clm<strong>et</strong>:("r' d ....1t"rdt:le» la TurqUie<br />
dispose d'un matériel désu<strong>et</strong>: la aefensf-' éJntl-aeru:mne date<br />
à 90 % <strong>de</strong>s années 40 <strong>et</strong> les chars - <strong>de</strong>s M-47 at M-48 - <strong>de</strong><br />
la guerre <strong>de</strong> Corée: tes navires <strong>et</strong> les SOus -manns ont trente à<br />
trent~lnq ans d'âge en moyanne <strong>et</strong> 70 'Jb <strong>de</strong>s aVions <strong>de</strong> combat<br />
sont <strong>de</strong>s F-100 <strong>de</strong>e années 60 (11.<br />
Catte llÎtuation n'est pas .urprenante pUIsque Ankara<br />
<strong>de</strong>pense chaque année pour son armée moms Que Bru>elles <strong>et</strong> il<br />
pelne plu. qu'Athènes ; ce qui représente tollt <strong>de</strong> même 5.2 %<br />
du produit intérieur brut (PIBl <strong>et</strong> place le pays au trols,ème rang<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'alloanee atlantique (21. Toute mo<strong>de</strong>rnlsat,uu dépend. en <strong>de</strong>rnier<br />
ressort. <strong>de</strong> rli<strong>de</strong> OCCI<strong>de</strong>ntale. <strong>et</strong> notamment amenC8lOe,<br />
cell~1 étant Itée à l'intérêt .tratéglque que représente ce pays<br />
pour l'OTAN.<br />
Avec lI8S hauts plateaux <strong>et</strong> ses détrOits. ,I bloque en eff<strong>et</strong><br />
l'accès <strong>de</strong> l'URSS à la Méditerranée <strong>et</strong> au Proch&-Oflent, tout en<br />
offrant un excellent observatotr. <strong>de</strong>s diverses actiVités en territorre<br />
soviétique. Ainsi. les Etats-UnIs possè<strong>de</strong>nt vIngt-SIx bases<br />
<strong>et</strong> postes d'observation IvO/r la eBrre page 19). dont le nombre<br />
tand it augmenter après chaque nouvel accord bIlatéral. Dans<br />
ces conditions. il est permis <strong>de</strong> se <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r SI r ai<strong>de</strong> américaine<br />
vise à m<strong>et</strong>tre les forces turques à ntveau ou SI elle ne constitue<br />
pas plutôt un loyer pour r utilisation <strong>de</strong> son territOire.<br />
Même SI la réalité est plus comple).e plUSieurs éléments<br />
contonent c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>rnière hypothèse. Au mIlieu <strong>de</strong>s années 70.<br />
l'embargo améncaln, en représailles à I Hlterventlon à Chypre,<br />
porta le coup <strong>de</strong> grAce à une armée dé,i! mal eQlIIpée. Au début<br />
• Ensc"""nt<br />
à <strong>Paris</strong>-VlI!.<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'OTAN<br />
<strong>de</strong>s années 80, la SItuation était catastrophIque, <strong>et</strong> le Pentagone<br />
esuma.t le coût d'une mo<strong>de</strong>rnisation raisonnable à 1.2 milliard<br />
<strong>de</strong> dollars par an pendant une décennie (3). Or l'ai<strong>de</strong> effectivement<br />
reçue attemt généralement la mOitié <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>tl" somme,<br />
rr.ême SI la TurQl,'f:' ~~ j.J '_l~. ~t"It:,~'~ ,t:, { ''i'' d} .1.'<br />
slème rang <strong>de</strong>s béfleflt ...lét!rfl'~ <strong>de</strong> J'S'lSlstanl e fjlllt'dFe dtt<br />
WashIngton.<br />
TroIs sénes <strong>de</strong> mesures <strong>de</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>rnisatIon déCidées par 18<br />
groupe mixte <strong>de</strong> la défense commune turco-arnérwdlne, en<br />
féVrier 1984, concernent la fourniture à l'armée <strong>de</strong> terre <strong>de</strong><br />
matériel <strong>de</strong> protection conUe les armes chlllllques dJ~l'UHSS, Id<br />
mise en place <strong>de</strong> systemes électroniques <strong>et</strong> l'InstallatIon <strong>de</strong><br />
radars mo<strong>de</strong>rnes (4). Deux préoccupations maJHures percent.<br />
l'amélioration <strong>de</strong> la survelllancA du terl rfOlre SOVIétIque <strong>et</strong> le rôle<br />
<strong>de</strong> barra'Jf" t, 'rT'r1il ,4 ," ~ .<br />
contenIr Ulld an,h..jUf' ell d' lt. ..:<br />
pUissent monter au If ont.<br />
Si l'importance <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te armée n'est pas aussI n<strong>et</strong>te Que<br />
ne le laIsseraient crorre ses effectifs il r échalle <strong>de</strong> r OTAN. elle<br />
reste la principale force dans la région. Membre (avec l'Iran <strong>et</strong> le<br />
Pakistan) du CENTO (Central Treaty Organll;llion). maillon<br />
reliant l' OTAN è rOrganisation du traité <strong>de</strong> l'Asie du Sud-Est<br />
(OTASE) pour ceinturer l'URSS. mais aussI pour contrôler le<br />
Proche-Orrent arabe. la Turquie se r<strong>et</strong>rouva seule après la révolutIon<br />
iranienne <strong>et</strong> l'Invasion <strong>de</strong> l'Afghanlstan. De c<strong>et</strong>te solitu<strong>de</strong>,<br />
elle tire une marge <strong>de</strong> marchandage plus gran<strong>de</strong>; aInsi. elle<br />
refuse <strong>de</strong> s'intégrer dans le dispositif <strong>de</strong> la Force d'Intervention<br />
rapi<strong>de</strong> ou d'abnter un ém<strong>et</strong>teur <strong>de</strong> programmes radiophonoques<br />
<strong>de</strong>stInés au musulmans <strong>de</strong> l'Asie centrale. Dans le même temps.<br />
elle accepte <strong>de</strong> servrr les <strong>de</strong>sseins inavoués <strong>de</strong> Washington dans<br />
la région. Et la Turquia kémaliste. qui se glorifiait d'avorr obtenu<br />
<strong>de</strong> haute lutte ses frontières nationales, se découvre <strong>de</strong>s dru.'"<br />
chez ses voiSins. notamment à Mossoul. La remise en questlol)<br />
<strong>de</strong>s frontières parait toutefois un jeu risqué. dans une région<br />
déchirée par les conflits,<br />
(1) M. A. Rirand. A vos o,drts molt
..<br />
,<br />
LE MONDE<br />
DIPLOMATIQUE<br />
(suite)<br />
confrtriea flUI colIICrvent leuB propres<br />
...... <strong>et</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>l <strong>de</strong> recrutement, Celle<br />
se,ment.tion se tr.duit par une<br />
conc:urreace JCJIIwnt vive, l la mesure<br />
<strong>de</strong>i el\Ïeua : acd<strong>de</strong>r l <strong>de</strong>s positions <strong>de</strong><br />
contrOle cie Ja communaut6 <strong>de</strong>s fidèles,<br />
l <strong>de</strong>i ~ 6e0n0miques, l un statut<br />
dl partenaire r6prfaentatif pour les<br />
.1dGri ....... Oll aatioBales .••<br />
~ Ja "US CIl vue <strong>de</strong> cel<br />
_frtriea est celle <strong>de</strong>s Silleymanci, où<br />
1'6c:oooaùc&ue. Je politique <strong>et</strong> Je cuturel.<br />
le local. le .. ~ <strong>et</strong> l'iIItemationalse<br />
m~lent d' ... manim qui rappelle les<br />
pratiques. Ja JCÇte Moon. Les SUleymanci<br />
OIIt d6ploy6 leUB activit6s il partir<br />
<strong>de</strong> 1950, en m<strong>et</strong>tant sur pied un<br />
r6seaa <strong>de</strong> cours coraniques • sauvases-.<br />
Parallèlement, la _fr6rie a<br />
d6vei0pp6 <strong>de</strong>s foyeB <strong>de</strong> jeunes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
internats pour les 61èvel <strong>de</strong>s lyc6cs<br />
d'imams <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> pr&:heuB.<br />
Les avprentis<br />
'EST au sein <strong>de</strong> l'émigration que<br />
C les r6sultats seront les plus<br />
payants: en Allemagne, 150 mosquées<br />
sont désormais sous leur contrôle,<br />
s6r6es par l'Union <strong>de</strong>s centres islamiques<br />
qu'ils ont fond6e en 1974 à Coll>gne,<br />
La confr6rie est dotée d'une structure<br />
paramilitaire, <strong>et</strong> les cours<br />
coraniques servent d'antichambres au<br />
recrutement <strong>et</strong> à la formation <strong>de</strong> miliciens<br />
encadr6s par les hommes du coll>nel<br />
TUrkes, l'un <strong>de</strong>s promoteurs du panturquisme,<br />
Très soucieux <strong>de</strong> faire<br />
reconnaître Jeur représentativité - ils<br />
revendiquent 60 % <strong>de</strong> l'islam associatif<br />
en RFA - <strong>et</strong> d'étendre leur r6seau<br />
dans les autres pays européens, les<br />
SUleymanci jouent le jeu du laIcisme<br />
en déclarant qu'ils sont pour la séparation<br />
<strong>de</strong> la religion <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'Etat - <strong>et</strong> non<br />
pour la subordination <strong>de</strong> la première au<br />
second comme c'est actuellement le cas<br />
en Turquie, En revanche, ils sont moins<br />
diserts sur certaines <strong>de</strong> leurs relations,<br />
notamment avec les survivants <strong>de</strong> la<br />
collaboration pronazie islamique dan.<br />
les Balkans,<br />
D'autres courants ,slamlques se partagent<br />
ce qui est <strong>de</strong>venu un véritable<br />
mouvement sociopolitique s'exprimant<br />
à travers les ordres <strong>et</strong> confréries ; les<br />
M<br />
sorciers<br />
Les Assyro-Chaldéens<br />
minorité oubliée<br />
Par JOSEPH YAcoua ~<br />
nurcu, les kadiri, les cerrahi, pour ne<br />
citer que le& p/U5 ;nnuents, se sIgnalent<br />
par leur activisme <strong>et</strong> leur antkom"",.<br />
nisme.<br />
Enti~re est la respon:abjl:,~ .. 11;.; )1<br />
voir milItaire dans l'essor <strong>de</strong>~ mouvements<br />
Islamistes, même SI ces <strong>de</strong>rme,'"<br />
6chappent aujourd'hui à ceux qui ont<br />
joué les apprentis SOrciers. C'est en<br />
eff<strong>et</strong> le régime issu du coup d'Etat <strong>de</strong><br />
1990 qui a rendu obligatoire l'enseignement<br />
religieux dans les écoles publ,-<br />
ques, Huit facultés <strong>de</strong> théologie <strong>et</strong><br />
700 écoles publiques d'imams <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
prêcheurs (contre 1 100 lycées<br />
d'Etat), 12000 enseignants,<br />
220 000 lycéens (sur un total <strong>de</strong><br />
790000), 50000 diplôm6s tous les ans<br />
- avec les mêmes droits que les bacheliers<br />
sauf pour les écoles militaires ;<br />
J'~~",3~ignemenl islamique représente un<br />
fCfmidable tremplin pour les Inté.<br />
gristes.<br />
Conséquence <strong>de</strong> l'absence d'u ne<br />
démocratie v~ritllble f...ot..r ~.f r-, ,~\'<br />
"~ .~ j);talisrne sauvage sous-dév
.' ~ l "<br />
(sujte)<br />
Ltlj,U'jl_<br />
; -l' ,.<br />
A la<br />
RosULT'T<br />
La « question<br />
,,, '''",'''0"'<br />
alliées .ur le partage du Proche-Onent<br />
au cours <strong>de</strong> la première guerre mondiale<br />
<strong>et</strong> du nouveau rapport <strong>de</strong> forc
LE MOMiE UlPWMill1QUE<br />
(suite)<br />
Kurdistan • • un lancin(Jn~<br />
COMME "Iran <strong>et</strong> l'Irak en guerre, la Turquie dOit faire<br />
faca au renouveau <strong>de</strong> l'irré<strong>de</strong>ntisme <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>. Pourtant, <strong>de</strong>puis sa<br />
fondation par Atatürk, l'Etat Vit sur le mythe d'une population<br />
homogène <strong>et</strong> refuse <strong>de</strong> reconnaître <strong>de</strong>s droits spécifiques aux dix<br />
millions <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s, majoritaires dans les régions les plus pauvres<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Est <strong>et</strong> du Sud-Est.<br />
CHRISTIANE<br />
Par<br />
MORE<br />
Si la plupart <strong>de</strong> ceux qui habitent les régions les plus<br />
déshéritées ne parlent que le Kur<strong>de</strong> - malgré l'interdiction <strong>de</strong><br />
celte langue dès 1924 (11. d'autres, très nombreux dans les<br />
villes, ne prennenl conscience <strong>de</strong> leur id'!ntité que durant<br />
l'exil - un million d'ouvriers émigrés en 1985 - économique ou<br />
politique. Ce n'est que dans les pays d'accueil, au sein <strong>de</strong>s associations<br />
ou dans les écoles bilingues - comme lin Suè<strong>de</strong>, -<br />
qu'ils ont la possibilité d'apprendre à Iirf. <strong>et</strong> à écrire<br />
Aujourd'hui encore une majorité <strong>de</strong> Turcs envisagent le<br />
problème comme un simple conflit entre tribalisme <strong>et</strong> nationalisme<br />
étatique, leI Kur<strong>de</strong>s étant, pensent-ils, davantage<br />
exploités par leurs aghas (seigneurs, grands propriétaires ternens)<br />
que par le pouvoir central. Et <strong>de</strong> citer en exemple une certaine<br />
élite <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> « turque) QUI participe <strong>et</strong> contribue au développement<br />
<strong>de</strong> la vie nationale dans le ,1omalne <strong>de</strong> la littérature, dA<br />
la musique <strong>et</strong> même <strong>de</strong> la politique Cependant, à la faveur <strong>de</strong> la<br />
iiberté d'expression r<strong>et</strong>rouvée, un cer\aln nombre <strong>de</strong> journaux <strong>et</strong><br />
d'hebdomadaires abor<strong>de</strong>nt le problème pour parler <strong>de</strong>s revend:..<br />
cations <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s <strong>et</strong> donnent la parole aux partisans <strong>de</strong> l'autonomie<br />
- sans aller, toutefois jusqu' à parler d.lI1dépendance.<br />
Après le coup d'Etat du 12 septembre 1980, le pouvoir<br />
militaire démantela les orga'lÎsatlons <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s qui avaient pns un<br />
nouvel essor dans les années 70, alors que la popularité <strong>de</strong><br />
Moustafa Barzani, dirigeant <strong>de</strong> la rébellion <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> en Irak, était à<br />
!!on apogée. Une politique <strong>de</strong> répression comparable, dans une<br />
certaine mesure, à celle qui suivit la gran<strong>de</strong> révolte <strong>de</strong> Dersim en<br />
1938 fut mise en ceuvre : arrestations massives, condamr.ations<br />
il mort, exil <strong>de</strong> nombreuses personnalités ... Mais, si après Der-<br />
Sim, l'Etat parvint à m<strong>et</strong>tre au pas l'irrooentisme <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>,<br />
aujourd'hui, le mouvement s'est au contraire radicalisé : <strong>de</strong> la<br />
revendication <strong>de</strong> la reconn3lssance <strong>de</strong> droits nationaux, il est<br />
passé à l'exigence d'indépendancfl, objectif il réaliser. pou; les<br />
plus extrémistes - dont le Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs du Kurdistan<br />
(PKKI se veut le porte-parole. - par tous les moyens y compris<br />
la lutte armée.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te évolution. parallèle à la relance <strong>de</strong> la guérilla par<br />
les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Irak <strong>et</strong> d'Iran, a~pelle les ingérences extérieures qui<br />
ont toujours marqué les rébellions <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s. Dans ses mémo;;es,<br />
M. Henry Kissinger notait déjà qu'en 1974 le if le chah [occupait]<br />
l'attention <strong>de</strong> /'Irak en soutenant la rébellion <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> en territotre<br />
irakien (2) JI. Aujourd'hui, Bagdad ai<strong>de</strong> les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Iran,<br />
Téhéran soutient ceux d'Irak tandis qu'Ankara accuse la Syrie <strong>de</strong><br />
servir <strong>de</strong> base arrière au PKK.<br />
Les nombreuses mesures prises <strong>de</strong>puis 1984 par le<br />
gouvernement turc montrent que la détermination du PKK est<br />
prise au sérieux : opérations <strong>de</strong> ratissage dans les villages par<br />
<strong>de</strong>s commandos aéroportés, accord sur la sécurité <strong>de</strong>s frontières<br />
(d'abord avec l'Irak en octobre 1984, ensuite avec l'Iran, qui<br />
dément, enfin avec la Syrie en juill<strong>et</strong> 19871, ordonnance <strong>de</strong><br />
1985 créant <strong>de</strong>s milices <strong>de</strong> .. protection <strong>de</strong> villages .. (31, loi du<br />
repentir, primes aux. chasseurs <strong>de</strong> têtes .., création en 1986 <strong>de</strong><br />
briga<strong>de</strong>s antiterrorisles entraînées aux Etats-Unis, établissement<br />
d"un no man's land le long <strong>de</strong>s frontières sud, évacuation <strong>de</strong>I<br />
villages situés dans les régions stratégiques - c<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong>rnière<br />
mesure étant présentée comme une volonté <strong>de</strong> mise en valeur<br />
<strong>de</strong>s provinces <strong>de</strong> l'est,<br />
Car, <strong>et</strong> c'est une victoire.<strong>de</strong>s séparatistes, les autorités<br />
d'Ankara adm<strong>et</strong>tent aujourd'hui qu'il existe un problème en<br />
Anatoh'! orientale (appellation officielle du Kurdistan <strong>de</strong> Turquie!.<br />
mê",e SI elles le limitent au domaine économique.<br />
Devant la recru<strong>de</strong>scence <strong>de</strong>s troubles dans les. régions<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'est Il, le gOl!vernement m<strong>et</strong> l'accent sur l'équipement <strong>de</strong><br />
certaines zones maintenues jusqu'alors dans un état <strong>de</strong> sousd~veloppement.<br />
La construction <strong>de</strong>s barrages sur l'Euphrate<br />
(dort le barrage Atatürk) <strong>de</strong>vrait transformer la région en grenier<br />
<strong>et</strong> réaliser if l'assimilation <strong>de</strong>s montagnards réfractaires ..,<br />
Dans le même esprit, le proj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> déplacement <strong>de</strong> populations<br />
qui touche cinquante-<strong>de</strong>ux provinces sur les soixantesept<br />
du pay!', a été présenté au début <strong>de</strong> l'année 1987 par<br />
l'adrr.,nistration <strong>de</strong>s forêts, qui en est l'auteur, comme une<br />
mesure en faveur <strong>de</strong>s «habitants <strong>de</strong> villages déshérités qui<br />
seront transplantés dans <strong>de</strong>s régions fertiles <strong>de</strong> l'ouest JI. Pour<br />
la gauche turque <strong>et</strong> les milieux <strong>de</strong> l'immigration, ce plan viserait<br />
avant tout il disperser les paysans <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux cent trois villages <strong>de</strong><br />
la seule province <strong>de</strong> Tunceli (nom donné au Dersim après l'écrasement<br />
<strong>de</strong> la r9volte <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> en 19381, .Ia province aux trois<br />
gendarmes par habitant JI, qui a déjà fait l'obj<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> telles<br />
mesures après les premières actions <strong>de</strong> guérilla en 1984. le<br />
PKK ne voit 'jans c<strong>et</strong>te opération qu'une continuation <strong>de</strong> la politique<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Etat qui, aujourd'hui comme par le passé, déplace la<br />
population b,.<strong>de</strong> pour isoler la résistance.<br />
(1) l 'utilisation d'une autre langueque le turc peUl être sanctÎ
.~<br />
c,. .<br />
....": ,<br />
PI;i.'., ":'~:.~,.n, -il'~"<br />
Heraia<br />
,) C 7<br />
Iraq admits it has<br />
reloca:.,_.",>,~ ~(urds<br />
~GULF<br />
~WAR<br />
WASIlIl' hd'e prole'ted at the<br />
<strong>de</strong>'truct,on of lheir homes and<br />
lrhl .... teu tht'v wanted to remain,<br />
dceording to relatives interviewed<br />
rccently In Baghdad. The Iraqis<br />
have kept reporters from travel-<br />
Img through the area.<br />
Despite the villagers' wishes 10<br />
Slay put, Mr Anbari said, il was<br />
neee"arv to relocate them for<br />
their 0'" n good,<br />
"In time of war," he said, "it is<br />
for the central Government to<br />
<strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong> "hat is best"<br />
Mr Anbari rejected suggestions<br />
thaI the forced relocations viOlate<br />
hum.ln rights.<br />
He Il,,i,ted that his Government<br />
hod gone out of its way to<br />
•.II..(umml)lL..IIC lrdq's estimated<br />
tbrcc IT'i1I,,,nKurds by permitting<br />
them l,nllted ;c1f-go\'ernment and<br />
~uch 'rrl\ Ii~gcs" as their own<br />
best soldiers'<br />
"" popil fI'els that OUf\ i, an<br />
in<strong>de</strong>rendcllt, free and allti-iOlI'erialist<br />
country at loggerheads .. ith<br />
America '" Ilhis) ghes him a<br />
feeling of joy and he is ready for<br />
any sacrifice to maiDlaia Ihis<br />
situalion, "<br />
Mr Abami said his mlaistry bad<br />
s<strong>et</strong> up scbools for combataats ia the<br />
war ZOlleS, SOllie or the. .. ulpt<strong>et</strong>!<br />
with mobile chemistry laboratories,<br />
Physics labs were Da tbe aceada for<br />
this year. He ad<strong>de</strong>d that teachers<br />
were also hieb1y-rat<strong>et</strong>l filhters.<br />
Speaking oa the same program,<br />
Mr Akrami's <strong>de</strong>puty la chall:e of<br />
war affairs said pupIls comprised<br />
about 60 per cent of all the<br />
volunteer "BasiJI" fiablers.<br />
R......<br />
radio slation and even the righlto<br />
i<strong>de</strong>ntify themselves as Kurds -<br />
som<strong>et</strong>hing thai is forbid<strong>de</strong>n in<br />
neighbouring Turkey.<br />
Meanwhile, reports from Bahrain<br />
said an Iranian gunboat<br />
ambushed a Panamanian.nag<br />
tanker in the soulhern Gulf region<br />
today,<br />
The attack started a fire thaI wa,<br />
put OUI, shipping sources in the<br />
region report.<br />
The 103.584-tonne Grand Wisdom<br />
was fully loa<strong>de</strong>d wilh cru<strong>de</strong><br />
oil when it was hit by a rock<strong>et</strong>propelled<br />
grena<strong>de</strong> just off the<br />
United Arab Emirates port of<br />
Jebel Ali, the sources said.<br />
Thev said Ihe blaze was extinguishe'd<br />
by the ship's crew and<br />
there wcre no casualties in lhe<br />
attack, Iran's firsl since the end of<br />
last monlh.<br />
Iraq claimed on Wednesday its<br />
j<strong>et</strong>s had hit four Iranian lankers in<br />
the northern Gulf within about<br />
nine hours,<br />
Although only one of those<br />
attacks was in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntly confirmed,<br />
shipping operators in the<br />
Gulf had braced for a bout of<br />
til-for-lal raids by Iran.<br />
The last reported Iranian allack<br />
was carried OUi on October 24<br />
when another Panamanian-nag<br />
tanker, the Prosper Venture I, was<br />
hit by a gunboal 30 kilom<strong>et</strong>res otT<br />
the United Arab Emirates coast.<br />
Meanwhile, the 15th US escon<br />
operation in the Gulf was compl<strong>et</strong>ed<br />
without inci<strong>de</strong>ntloday.<br />
The New York Times, Reuter.<br />
AU~lrdhan Associaled PreSIJ<br />
INSIGHT<br />
09.11.1987<br />
IHi\rri'j<strong>et</strong>l<br />
1\Irkey Finds Iran<br />
Is Behind 1\Innoll<br />
ISTANBUL, Oct. 11 - Security<br />
forces and intelligence units have un.<br />
coveredanewpiOlby1èhran, whichbas<br />
been trying to spread the Khomeini<br />
trend in 1ùrk.ey with the intention of<br />
s<strong>et</strong>ting up a regime in our country bascid<br />
on Sharia (Islamic law], like Iran.<br />
The security forees and inte\Jigence<br />
units have established that Iran has been<br />
supplying arms to separatist and treacherous<br />
nùlitants terrorizing and killing<br />
people in eastern and southeastern lbr.<br />
key. The report they have drawn up<br />
points to the threat from Iran and says, •<br />
"They are uying to weaken the c0nfi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
of the masses by weakening<br />
state authority through anarchy and ter.<br />
rorism."<br />
The seizure of Iranian :urns, ammunition<br />
and equipment from nùlitants<br />
who have recently.been arrested by the<br />
securily forces lias exposed Iran, a<br />
counuy we have regar<strong>de</strong>d as friendly<br />
and fraternal. 1be support given to the<br />
separalists by Iran, which has int<strong>et</strong>fered<br />
in Turkish affairs in various ways in the<br />
past, particularly through Tehran radio's<br />
malicious and loathsome broadcasts,<br />
has mIed the people with aversion.<br />
-t.<br />
-<br />
16
..<br />
..<br />
Amnesty International<br />
BULLETIN ft<br />
file on torture<br />
November 1987<br />
I<br />
These drawings of prisoners in a torture session<br />
are by a former police officer. The one below shows<br />
fa/aka or bastinado - the beating 01 th, prisoner<br />
\ on soles of the le<strong>et</strong>. The above drawing shows one<br />
~ 01 the many painful ways in which prisoners are<br />
, suspen<strong>de</strong>d. This m<strong>et</strong>hod is known as "Palestinian<br />
1 hanging".<br />
Almost four yeats aft~ a civilian<br />
government came to power in November<br />
1983, no effective measures have been<br />
implemented to prevent torture in<br />
Turkey.<br />
Turkish authorities admit torture<br />
takes place, but ~Iaim it has been used<br />
only in isolated inci<strong>de</strong>nts. Despite assurances<br />
that all complaints of torture are<br />
investigated and those responsible prosecuted,<br />
Al has not oDserved any fundamental<br />
changes in the systematic and<br />
wi<strong>de</strong>spread practice of torture.<br />
The number of allegations of torture<br />
at any time appears directly related to the<br />
number of people d<strong>et</strong>ained. During an<br />
earlier period of mi!it:uy intervention,<br />
from 1970to 1973,when several thousand<br />
people were d<strong>et</strong>ained, AI received<br />
hundreds of allegations of torture and<br />
believed torture was wi<strong>de</strong>spread and sys.<br />
tematic. Fewer allegations were received<br />
during the mid-1970s, when there were<br />
fewer political prisoners. However, after<br />
the introduction of martiallaw in ~-<br />
ber 1978, the number of cases of torture<br />
increased. Following a research mission<br />
in May 1980AI conclu<strong>de</strong>d that most pe0-<br />
ple d<strong>et</strong>ained by the police and martiallaw<br />
authorities were tortured. In some cases<br />
they were tortured to <strong>de</strong>ath.<br />
The newly foun<strong>de</strong>d Human Rights<br />
Association in Turkey estimates that at<br />
least 240,000 people have been taleen into<br />
custody by security forces since the miU.<br />
tary coup in September 1980. The inci<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
of torture increased dramatically<br />
immediately after the coup. In subsequent<br />
years the number of torture allegations<br />
and reported <strong>de</strong>aths un<strong>de</strong>r torture gradually<br />
<strong>de</strong>creased as the number of political<br />
prisoners <strong>de</strong>creased. Continuing<br />
reports of torture during recent months<br />
point to a pattern which show5 no significant<br />
change.<br />
-+ 17
Amnesty International<br />
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M<strong>et</strong>hods<br />
The main purpose of torture in police<br />
custody is the extraction of information<br />
and confessions. III-treatment in prisons.<br />
often involving routine beatings, is<br />
inten<strong>de</strong>d to maintain discipline. In both<br />
prisons and police stations. intimidation<br />
and humiliation of prisoners is an additional<br />
motive.<br />
A vari<strong>et</strong>y of m<strong>et</strong>hods is used. Suspects<br />
are blindfol<strong>de</strong>d and handcuffed immediately<br />
after d<strong>et</strong>ention. Even common criminal<br />
suspects are often stripped naked<br />
during interrogation. hosed with ice-cold<br />
water. or left naked on the concr<strong>et</strong>e floors<br />
of cells in the harsh conditions of winter.<br />
D<strong>et</strong>ainees are frequently kept hungry and<br />
thirsty. They are prevented from sleeping<br />
for days and are forced to stand in tiring<br />
positions for long periods.<br />
The m<strong>et</strong>hod of torture most frequently<br />
applied is bastinado (fa/aka, beatinas<br />
on the soles of the fe<strong>et</strong>). The only<br />
equipment necessary is a chair and some<br />
rope (see iIIustradon). Electric shock torture<br />
is applied using a hand generator. It<br />
is often combined with various forms of<br />
halljing (see ilIustration).<br />
Other forms of cruel, inhuman and<br />
<strong>de</strong>grading treatment are also applied,<br />
including sexual abuse, insults and<br />
threats, and even mock executions.<br />
Torture Centres<br />
BUllETIN~<br />
Although people are tortured in police<br />
stations and prisons throughout Turkey,<br />
there are also buildings specifically equipped<br />
for torture.<br />
Most of these places are well known.<br />
If the government is committed to the<br />
elimination of torture, the treatment of<br />
d<strong>et</strong>ainees in these centres must be investigated<br />
and steps taken to ensure that the<br />
practice is discontinued.<br />
One of the best known torture centres<br />
is a place called DAL (Dev/<strong>et</strong> Arastirma<br />
Laburatuvari, State Research Laboratory)<br />
in Ankara Police Headquarters. In<br />
Aprill987 AI obtained a sk<strong>et</strong>ch of DAL<br />
with Section A and Section B where the<br />
torture equipment is housed. It was<br />
drawn by stu<strong>de</strong>nts d<strong>et</strong>ained b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
November 1986 and March 1987. The<br />
main elements of this sk<strong>et</strong>ch were confirmed<br />
by a former prisoner of conscience<br />
tortured there in 1981. Except for the<br />
addition of a "recreation room" used to<br />
treat injuries before the prisoner's release<br />
or formal arrest by a court, nothing seems<br />
changed.<br />
Deaths in custody<br />
Since the September 1980 coup, AI<br />
has submitted to the authorities the names<br />
of more than 100 people alleged to have<br />
died in custody. In reply AI has received<br />
information from the authorities on<br />
82 of these cases. Most of the replies are<br />
unsatisfactory.<br />
Since t.!teend of 1985, various organizations<br />
in Turkey have issued lists of<br />
people who died in custody. The prisoners<br />
named inclu<strong>de</strong> some who died as a result<br />
of hunger-strikes or medical neglect and<br />
some who committed suici<strong>de</strong>. Even so,<br />
the majority of prisoners named in these<br />
lists apparently died as a result of torture.<br />
In December 1985 Cuneyt Canver. a<br />
Social Democrat Populist Party (SHP)<br />
member of parliament. han<strong>de</strong>d over a list<br />
with 113 names of individuals who died<br />
in custody to the presi<strong>de</strong>nt of parliameat<br />
during a <strong>de</strong>bate on the budg<strong>et</strong>. One year<br />
later Fikri Saglar, Secr<strong>et</strong>ary General of<br />
the SHP submitted a list of 253 names<br />
and in February 1987 the Human Rights<br />
Association released d<strong>et</strong>ailed information<br />
on 149 cases to the press. Twenty more<br />
names were ad<strong>de</strong>d later.<br />
On March 16, 1982 the Minister of<br />
State, Ilhan Oztrak, acknowledged<br />
",<br />
.'<br />
Section B Section A<br />
Entrance<br />
WC WC WC WC<br />
walk through<br />
o o o<br />
A to B<br />
"Recreation<br />
room"<br />
rnFR~<br />
I I IL-LJLtj<br />
First interrogation<br />
'e:<br />
,e<br />
aQ)<br />
...<br />
Q)<br />
!'"<br />
A'torture centre ln Ankara. This sk<strong>et</strong>ch by former d<strong>et</strong>ainees Shows the State Research Labol dlory WIIiIIII 1\i1
..<br />
•<br />
Amnesty International BULLETIN:fi<br />
(suite)<br />
publicly that 15people had died as a result<br />
of torture since September 1980.A report<br />
issued by the Chief of the General Stafrs<br />
Office on October 29, 1982 stated that<br />
investigations into 204 <strong>de</strong>aths allegedly<br />
caused by torture had d<strong>et</strong>ermined that<br />
in only four cases were the <strong>de</strong>aths<br />
attributable to torture.<br />
In April 1984 the same office announced<br />
that since the first <strong>de</strong>claJ:ation of<br />
martiallaw in December 1978two people<br />
bad died as a result of torture. In April<br />
1986 Yildirim Akbulut, ~inister of the<br />
Interior, answering questions in parliament<br />
said that there were a total of<br />
78 <strong>de</strong>aths during interrogation b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
December 26, 1978 and December 31,<br />
1985, but did not specify the causes. In<br />
December 1986 the Minister of Justice,<br />
Mahmut Oltan Sungurlu, stated that<br />
13 <strong>de</strong>aths in custody had been caused by<br />
torture or ill-treatment.<br />
During the first six months of 1987AI<br />
received information on 11 <strong>de</strong>aths in<br />
custody. Nine were allegedly caused by<br />
torture.<br />
For example, in February 1987 the<br />
gendarmerie (armed rural police), searching<br />
for Hasan Bayram, roun<strong>de</strong>d up members<br />
of his family in Pirinclik village near<br />
Diyarbakir and took them to the gendarmerie<br />
station. The next day Hasan<br />
Bayram's 70-year-old father, Zulfikar<br />
Bayram, died in hospital. His wife Esma<br />
Bayram says:<br />
"On February 19gendarmes came to<br />
our house saying that they were looking<br />
for my, son Hasan who is on the run.<br />
Everyone in the family was beaten. They<br />
took us, my husband Zulfikar Bayram<br />
and the children, to the gendarmerie station<br />
where they beat us and hit us with<br />
the butts of their rifles. My husband, who<br />
was seriously injured, and I were taken<br />
to hospital, where he died .. , An<br />
autopsy wiD provi<strong>de</strong> proof that torture<br />
caused his <strong>de</strong>ath. A medical examination<br />
of the other members of the family who<br />
are still in custody [on February 22]<br />
should be done. II<br />
In another case, the <strong>de</strong>ath of Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Kalkan on June 14, 1987 in the hands of<br />
the Diyarbakir Directorate of the Rapid<br />
Forces (special branch of the police) led<br />
to a three-day hunger-strike of political<br />
prisoners in Diyarbakir Military Prison.<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Kalkan escaped from Diyarbakir<br />
Prison in 1983 and was recaptured<br />
on March 13, 1987. He died three months<br />
later while un<strong>de</strong>rgoing police interrogation.<br />
Officials claim he committed<br />
suici<strong>de</strong>, but his brother, Mustafa, is convinced<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> was tortured to <strong>de</strong>ath.<br />
Mustafa Kalkan told the press that both<br />
he and his father Orner Kalkan had also<br />
been tortured b<strong>et</strong>ween October 4 and 9,<br />
1985 during interrogation.<br />
Torture in southeastern<br />
Turkey<br />
Another dimension of the problem of<br />
torture and ill-treatment in Turkey is illustrated<br />
by the situation in the southeast.<br />
Armed dashes b<strong>et</strong>ween Kurdish guerrilla<br />
troops and the Turkish security forces<br />
have led to more than 70
Amnesty International BULLETIN ~<br />
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,<br />
These lour children nee<strong>de</strong>d medical treatment alter subjected to electric shock torture. They came lrom a village in southeastern Turkey where Kurdish guerrillas<br />
have been active.<br />
"The next day 500 gendarmes came<br />
to the village and once again roun<strong>de</strong>d up<br />
the men in the school playground. The<br />
gendarmes searched all the houses but did<br />
not find anything. They took the men<br />
insi<strong>de</strong> the school and beat them. The beatinas<br />
went on until 3 pm. During this time<br />
one of us was stripped naked [Huseyin<br />
C<strong>et</strong>inJ and shown from the window of the<br />
school.<br />
"Four children of our village were<br />
asked where the bandits were and given<br />
electric shocks to the mouths. Their<br />
mouths bled and they had to be given<br />
medical treatment."<br />
or behind my back. Som<strong>et</strong>imes 1was kept<br />
hanging for minutes, som<strong>et</strong>imes for<br />
hours. I imagine lhat lhe periods, when<br />
my shoul<strong>de</strong>r bla<strong>de</strong>s pressed against my<br />
chesI, when Ihad difficulty in breathing,<br />
when I lost all feeling in my arms and<br />
could nol louch lhe floor, amount to a<br />
total of several days.<br />
"During this lime Iwas beaten up and<br />
given electric shocks while suspen<strong>de</strong>d in<br />
the air. My armpits were cut as if with a<br />
razor bla<strong>de</strong>. . . 1lived through days when<br />
electric shocks given to lhe loes, the<br />
sexualorgans and the hands and ears all<br />
seemed to converge in the belly of a<br />
human being. Only someone who has<br />
gone through the torture centres can<br />
know what it means when lightning<br />
strikes in the belly of a human<br />
being .....<br />
Kemal Bilg<strong>et</strong>, a leacher. and his wife<br />
were d<strong>et</strong>ained on June 17, 1986in Elazig.<br />
Al sought assurances that the couple<br />
would not be tortured or ill-treated in<br />
Testimony: Forced to<br />
watch torture of wife<br />
"Worse than the physical torture, I<br />
was subjected to psychological torture,<br />
much more cruel and shameful for<br />
mankind.<br />
'~As well as the threat: 'If you do not<br />
speak, we will torture your daughter' in<br />
the presence of my two-year-old daughter<br />
in the torture chamber. Ilived through<br />
the agony of listening to the cries of her<br />
mother, who was tortured in the d<strong>et</strong>ention<br />
and interrogation cell at Gayr<strong>et</strong>tepe<br />
First Branch (Istanbul Political Police),<br />
unable to calm our weeping daughter.<br />
"Making <strong>de</strong>grading threats, they tortured<br />
my wife at my si<strong>de</strong>. 1 have seen a<br />
police truncheon in her anus. Can I and<br />
those like me, who have been subjected<br />
to such <strong>de</strong>grading and inhuman treatment,<br />
ever forg<strong>et</strong> all this?<br />
"I do not know how many times 1was<br />
huq up by my fe<strong>et</strong>, or in the crucifix<br />
PQsition, with my hands tied at the front<br />
Kemal Bilgel was forced to walch the torture al his wile.<br />
20
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BULLETINi<br />
Theatre director Yilmaz Onay was d<strong>et</strong>ained in December 1986. He testilied that he was tortured<br />
for three days insi<strong>de</strong> Ankara Police Headquarters.<br />
d<strong>et</strong>ention. The Ministry of Justice replied<br />
in February 1987 that Kemal Bilg<strong>et</strong> was<br />
one of the <strong>de</strong>fendants in the trial at Istanbul<br />
State Security Court, charged with<br />
membership in an illegal organization<br />
called TKEP (Turkish Communist<br />
Workers' Party). Allegations of torture<br />
were raised but found groundless so<br />
investigations into the allegations were<br />
stopped by the prosecutor.<br />
Kemal Bilg<strong>et</strong> says he was subjected to<br />
torture in Elazig and Istanbul for a total<br />
of one month. He saw a doctor only<br />
many months later, y<strong>et</strong> in a report dated<br />
August 7, 1986 issued by the Health<br />
Committee Elazig State Hospital, signs of<br />
the torture were documented.<br />
The above testimony is from Kemal<br />
Bilg<strong>et</strong>'s statement at his court hearing on<br />
January 15, 1987.<br />
III-treatment in prison<br />
After new regulations for the treatment<br />
of prisoners in military prisons were<br />
introduced on September 30, 1986 the<br />
Relik Baytar. a grammar school stu<strong>de</strong>ntlrom Batman says he was tortured lor 12 days in Siirt and<br />
Batman police stations 10 Januarv 1987<br />
situation in prison seemed to slightly<br />
improve but since Aprill987 new allegations<br />
of ill-treatment in military prisons<br />
have been received.<br />
In a press conference on April I, relatives<br />
of pris~ners in Istanbul claimed that<br />
prisoners in M<strong>et</strong>ris Military Prison were<br />
ill-treated. They claimed that six <strong>de</strong>fendants<br />
in a political trial at Istanbul Military<br />
Court had been stripped naked and<br />
beaten un<strong>de</strong>r the pr<strong>et</strong>ext of a routine<br />
search. Tb,.esix were accused of membership<br />
in the TKP /ML, Turkish Communist<br />
Party/Marxist-Leninist.<br />
In June 1987, inmates of Sagmalcilar<br />
Prison in Istanbul were beaten after they<br />
refused to wear chains on their way to<br />
court. Their court hearings are now proceeding<br />
in their absence.<br />
In Adana, mothers of political.prisoners<br />
complained at the beginnil1l of<br />
June 1987that their sons, Ayhan Kannis,<br />
Ali Nurdogan Koroglu and Haydar Karadag,<br />
were tortured in Adana Closed Prison<br />
because they refused to sing the<br />
national anthem and to participate in<br />
prayers during meals. Zeliha Karmis<br />
claimed her son suffered internal bleeding<br />
and that she had seen blood coming from<br />
his ear.<br />
Testimony: Criminal<br />
suspect tortured<br />
"On January 31, 1987 I was arrested<br />
while driving my taxi. Shortly after we<br />
had arrived at the police station they<br />
applied bastinado (beatings on the soles<br />
of the fe<strong>et</strong>) to me. They fixed my legs to<br />
a stick with a rope and tightened it by<br />
turning it five or six times.<br />
The first day I was beaten day and<br />
night and then I was taken to a cell for<br />
one person. I got nothing to eat or drink<br />
and I was not allowed to go to the toil<strong>et</strong>.<br />
They were swearing at me all the time.<br />
"On the second day I was sleeping in<br />
my cell when they arrived at around 2 or<br />
3 am. They took me handcuffed and<br />
blindfol<strong>de</strong>d to another room. Here they<br />
stripped me naked and tied one of my fe<strong>et</strong><br />
and my hands to som<strong>et</strong>hing. Again they<br />
beat me and sqeezed my testicles so that<br />
I screamed the whole time.<br />
"On the third day they told me to confess<br />
to the crime or I would have electric<br />
shocks applied to me ..They took me to<br />
a room and. asked me to undress.<br />
Although I resisted they took off all my<br />
clothes and fixed a cable to my little finger<br />
and applied electricity until ( fainted.<br />
~ 21
Amnesty International<br />
(suite)<br />
I could admit to nothing because I knew<br />
nothing, but they ma<strong>de</strong> me sign a statement.<br />
In court I learned that it was about<br />
a woman whose money had been stolen."<br />
Testimony of Ihsan AUabucak<br />
Testimony: Sexual abuse<br />
"We have youngsters aged 20 and<br />
21 at our disposal, hard as a rock. If<br />
they want to torture a girl sexually<br />
. . . why should they feel the needfor<br />
a truncheon?"<br />
Former General Turgut Sunalp,<br />
October 198.5<br />
"I was taken to Yenimahalle Police<br />
Station. My eyes were blindfol<strong>de</strong>d and I<br />
was taken to a place I do nbt know. Here<br />
I was stripped naked. First I was hosed<br />
with ice-cold water and given electric<br />
shocks. They wanted me to sign a statement,<br />
but I refused.<br />
"Thereupon they locked me in a single<br />
cell with a male stu<strong>de</strong>nt. We were both<br />
stripped naked. Un<strong>de</strong>r torture they tried<br />
to force the stu<strong>de</strong>nt to assault me<br />
sexually. As I could not stand it, I agreed<br />
to sign that statement."<br />
Nilufer Aydur is one of hundreds of<br />
stu<strong>de</strong>nts arrested in April 1987 after<br />
wi<strong>de</strong>spread protests against restrictions on<br />
stu<strong>de</strong>nt associations. Her testimony was<br />
given at a trial in May 1987, of 141 stu<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
at Ankara State Security Court.<br />
,'Because torture has become a<br />
profound and wi<strong>de</strong>spread<br />
political tool it is difficult to erase its<br />
roots. . . Therefore the authorities<br />
are <strong>de</strong>fending torture and trying to<br />
hi<strong>de</strong> it."<br />
Journalist Ilhan Selcuk, February 1986<br />
Testimony: Threats and<br />
torture<br />
"I was d<strong>et</strong>ained on December 24 in<br />
Ankara. They also took my wife to the<br />
police station. I immediately admitted to<br />
stealing a car because I had really done<br />
that. I asked them to release my wife and<br />
my sister. They immediately beat me and<br />
said: ' You have a record of political<br />
crime and at your home we have found<br />
banned publications; you are still involved<br />
in political activities.' I said that<br />
I had been imprisoned for eight years for<br />
political crime, but that possession of<br />
individual banned books was not forbid- .<br />
<strong>de</strong>n. They said: 'You know too much.'<br />
22<br />
BULLETINfl<br />
"j WelS taken to the torture room<br />
while being beaten. There I was subjected<br />
to hanging, electric shocks and the<br />
bastinado. They also swore at me the<br />
whole time. This lasted for about an<br />
hour. They had a break and just when I<br />
thought the torture had stQpped they<br />
started again.<br />
"For five days we were tortured, 1I<br />
times in all. I only admitted stealing a car.<br />
They wanted me and my brother-in-law<br />
to admit to another robbery and political<br />
activities.<br />
•'On the evening of the sixth day they<br />
blindfol<strong>de</strong>d me and took me to the torture<br />
room. Here they said that I must<br />
admit to the political activities or the robbery<br />
or they would torture my wife in<br />
front of me• I said that I had done<br />
nothing like that and could not admit it.<br />
They told me to open my eyes and took<br />
away my blindfold and I saw my sister<br />
whose eyes and face were swollen. I<br />
shouted but I was held by four or five<br />
policemen.<br />
"Then they blindfol<strong>de</strong>d my sister and<br />
started to beat her and take her clothes<br />
off. I went wild and kicked at the policemen.<br />
An officer said that they should g<strong>et</strong><br />
my wife as well. I could not stand this torture<br />
inflicted on my sister and said I<br />
would admit to everything."<br />
Testimony of Namik Konyalioglu<br />
What you can do<br />
Because of the persistent evi<strong>de</strong>nce of<br />
torture in Turkey AI believes that the<br />
Turkish Government should implement<br />
the following measures:<br />
• The highest authorities in Turkey<br />
should issue clear instructions that torture<br />
will not be tolerated un<strong>de</strong>r any circumstances.<br />
• The Turkish Government should establish<br />
an impartial body to investigate all<br />
complaints and reports of torture. Its<br />
findings and m<strong>et</strong>hods of investigation<br />
should be ma<strong>de</strong> public.<br />
• Relatives and lawyers should be<br />
promptly informed of the whereabouts<br />
of d<strong>et</strong>ainees and have immediate and<br />
regular access to them.<br />
• Steps should be taken to ensure that<br />
confessions or other evi<strong>de</strong>nce obtained<br />
through torture may never be invoked<br />
in legal proceedings.<br />
• The Turkish Government should sign<br />
and ratify the UN Convention Against<br />
Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or<br />
Degrading Treatment or Punishment<br />
which entered into force on June 26,<br />
Serhat Simsek. presi<strong>de</strong>nt of the stu<strong>de</strong>nts' association<br />
at !ne machine faculty at Istanbul Technical<br />
University, was held incommunicado for 25 days<br />
by the political police in January 1987. He said he<br />
was tortured and also witnessed the torture of<br />
others.<br />
1987. Criminal proceedings should be<br />
instituted against alleged torturers, as<br />
called for in the UN Convention.<br />
Please write to the authorities urging them<br />
to take effective steps to stop torture<br />
and In particular to implement these<br />
measures. Send your l<strong>et</strong>ters to:<br />
Presi<strong>de</strong>nt Kenan Evren<br />
Office of the Presi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong> Baskanligi<br />
Ankara<br />
Turkey<br />
and:<br />
Turgut Ozal<br />
Office of the Prime Minister<br />
Basbakanlik<br />
Ankara<br />
Turkey<br />
Canadians mayalso write to:<br />
His Excellency Kaya G. Toperi<br />
Ambassador<br />
197 Wurtemburg SI.<br />
Ottawa, Ont. KIN 8L9
HEER<br />
Vie zerklüft<strong>et</strong>cn Ilergc siml die<br />
natürlidlfm Verbünd<strong>et</strong>e" <strong>de</strong>r<br />
kurdischen Au{stiindisdlen.<br />
15.11 .1 9 ~7<br />
ger, die - so heißt es - von<br />
<strong>de</strong>r CIA zu <strong>de</strong>n besten <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Welt gezählt wer<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Der erste große und organisierte<br />
Aufstand <strong>de</strong>r Kur<strong>de</strong>n für<br />
einen eigenen Nationalstaat in<br />
dér mo<strong>de</strong>rnen Geschichte wur<strong>de</strong><br />
1880 von einem Scheich namens<br />
Obeidullah gegen die<br />
türkischen<br />
Osmanen-Herrscher<br />
geführt, vergeblich. 1920<br />
sprachen die Gegner <strong>de</strong>r Achsenmächte<br />
in einem Vertrag,<br />
<strong>de</strong>n sie in Sevres mit <strong>de</strong>n Türken<br />
schlossen, von Autonomie ",h<br />
für die Kur<strong>de</strong>n. Das war \Oe... • ,,< J<br />
gessen, als 1923 - nach, ,~t ' ,.~i~<br />
Revolution Kemal Atatüfks~ : l..<br />
mit <strong>de</strong>r Türkei, <strong>de</strong>m R~:_~'"<br />
zerschlagenen Osman~. 't~<br />
. ,.. " Reiches, in Lausanne einiFriC- .<br />
'\~;.1'\~\.~<strong>de</strong>nsvertrag geschlossen -\vor.; y. ,:,<br />
t ....:~\~.s <strong>de</strong>. Ein autonomes Kurdistan<br />
;.\i ,'~4'~:"'~1 i wur<strong>de</strong> mit keiner Silbe er-<br />
. ~~.K., '~~~-.:~'~l..; .,,~...~ t-:: wähnt.<br />
..<br />
.<br />
. .'.:.:.... ;:;'f'~~.,~.~ Dcr Begrund~r <strong>de</strong>r mo<strong>de</strong>r •<br />
.j,,-~ ,,~~~" ••• :.'~ ':.;':"'
HEER (suite)<br />
rung ausmacht. strikt verneint.<br />
Man spricht von <strong>de</strong>n Kur<strong>de</strong>n<br />
als »Bergtürken«.<br />
Alle Erhebungen gegen die<br />
türkische Herrschaft, mit <strong>de</strong>nen<br />
sich dio Kur<strong>de</strong>n in <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Jahren 1925, 1929, 1935 und<br />
1938zumin<strong>de</strong>st Autonomie erkämpfcn<br />
wollten, wur<strong>de</strong>n nie<strong>de</strong>rgeschlagen.<br />
Zwischen <strong>de</strong>n<br />
politischen Fronten<br />
Die Kur<strong>de</strong>n waren und sind<br />
bis heute aber <strong>de</strong>n Rcgicrungen<br />
in diesem Teil <strong>de</strong>s Nahen<br />
und Mittleren Ostens ein st<strong>et</strong>s<br />
willkommenes Mittel. um <strong>de</strong>m<br />
Nachbarn Schwierigkeiten zu<br />
machen. Solche Manipulationen<br />
und Intrigen wur<strong>de</strong>n und<br />
wer<strong>de</strong>n nicht nur qadurch<br />
ziemlich leicht. daß die Kur<strong>de</strong>n<br />
eben unter so verschie<strong>de</strong>nen<br />
Regierungen leben. son<strong>de</strong>rn<br />
auch. weil sie selbst in verschie<strong>de</strong>ne<br />
Stämme und Clans<br />
geglie<strong>de</strong>rt sind, <strong>de</strong>nen die erste<br />
Loyalität gilt und <strong>de</strong>ren Führer<br />
oft untereinan<strong>de</strong>r rivalisieren<br />
und bis zu blutigen Auseinan<strong>de</strong>rs<strong>et</strong>zungen<br />
zerstritten sind.<br />
So erhielten jene Kur<strong>de</strong>n,<br />
die unter <strong>de</strong>r Führung von<br />
Mullah Mustafa Barsani seit<br />
Beginn <strong>de</strong>r 60er Jahre gegen<br />
das arabische Baath-Regime<br />
im Irak und für Autonomie<br />
kiimpften. vorn Schah von Iran<br />
b<strong>et</strong>rächtliche Unterstützung.<br />
Als sich <strong>de</strong>r Herrscher auf <strong>de</strong>m<br />
Pfauenthron in Teheran jedoch<br />
1975 in Algier mit <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Irakis über eine für Iran vorteilhafte<br />
Grenzziehung im<br />
Wasserweg Schatt-el-Arab am<br />
Nor<strong>de</strong>n<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s Golfs einigte,<br />
ließ <strong>de</strong>r Schah <strong>de</strong>n Kur<strong>de</strong>n-<br />
Führer Barsani fallen. Der<br />
Aufstand <strong>de</strong>r Anhänger Barsaois,<br />
<strong>de</strong>r »Peschmergahs«, gegen<br />
Bagdad, brach schl••gartig<br />
Schwarzes Meer<br />
,YAIEN<br />
241<br />
,.<br />
, I I,,'<br />
(. ,..<br />
I<br />
I<br />
zusammen. Bald jedoch, illich<strong>de</strong>m<br />
<strong>de</strong>r mittlerweile verstorbene<br />
Schah Rezah Pahlevi von<br />
<strong>de</strong>r islamischen Revolution <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Ayutolluh Ruhullah Chomeini<br />
~estürlt und außer LlIn<strong>de</strong>s ge-<br />
Jagt wor<strong>de</strong>n war, bruch 1980<br />
<strong>de</strong>r iranisch-irakische Krieg<br />
aus. Die Kur<strong>de</strong>n sowohl <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Irun .als' auch <strong>de</strong>s Irak kämpften<br />
wie<strong>de</strong>r-auf beitlen Seiten<br />
und auch zwischen <strong>de</strong>n Fronten.<br />
für Kurdistan und zeitweise<br />
auch gegeneinan<strong>de</strong>r. Sie<br />
sind im sogenannten Golfkrieg<br />
min<strong>de</strong>stens ein wichtiger Störfaktor,<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Kräfte bind<strong>et</strong>. sowohl<br />
für Teheran élis auch für<br />
Bagdad. Experten für NATO-<br />
Staaten werdcn die Kur<strong>de</strong>nkümpfe<br />
aber nicht nur wegen<br />
i1uer Be<strong>de</strong>utung für <strong>de</strong>n Ausgang<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Golfkriegcs beobachten<br />
und analysieren, sOI1(Jcrn<br />
vor allcm auch. weil <strong>de</strong>r NA-<br />
TO-Partner Türkei im eigenen<br />
Lan<strong>de</strong> mit <strong>de</strong>n Kur<strong>de</strong>n blutige<br />
Auseinan<strong>de</strong>rs<strong>et</strong>zungen hélt.<br />
Dort sind es vor allem die<br />
Mitglie<strong>de</strong>r und Anhünger <strong>de</strong>r<br />
»Kurdischen Arbeiterpartei«<br />
(PKK), die mit ÜberfiilIen auf<br />
Militärposten und mittlerweile<br />
auch auf Dörfer nach <strong>de</strong>m »hit<br />
and run«-Schema* Unruhe im<br />
Südostcn <strong>de</strong>s Lan<strong>de</strong>s hervorrufen.<br />
Dabei ist die PKK genauso<br />
marxistisch-leninistisch ausgericht<strong>et</strong><br />
wie die kurdische<br />
»Komeleh«-Partei im Iran. Bezeichnen<strong>de</strong>rweise<br />
wird die<br />
»Kurdische Arbeiterpartei«<br />
nicht nur vom Iran. son<strong>de</strong>rn<br />
auch von Syrien unterstützt,<br />
von wo aus ihre Guerilla gegen<br />
die türkische Regierung ope-<br />
• zuschlilgcn<br />
U.d.S.S.R.<br />
~ Il<br />
\iIj 111<br />
SUl.Evt,lANlY SAOIZ<br />
+m, ,<br />
JI' '.<br />
~ f KERMAHSAH<br />
und d,lVIllilufcn<br />
lIRAN<br />
I<br />
' 11111<br />
riert. Syrien wie<strong>de</strong>rum llilt hekélnntlich<br />
enge militiirische<br />
Verhindungen mit <strong>de</strong>r Sowj<strong>et</strong>uniun.<br />
Die Türkei hut sich bislang<br />
zu keinen Konzessionen an die<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n in' ihrem Lan<strong>de</strong> bereitgefun<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
geschweige <strong>de</strong>nn die<br />
Bereitschaft hekund<strong>et</strong>. dieser<br />
Min<strong>de</strong>rheit, die ein kmlppes<br />
Viertel <strong>de</strong>r Gesamtbevölkerung<br />
ausmachen' dürfte, irgen<strong>de</strong>in<br />
Maß von auch nur kultureller<br />
Autonomie zu gewiihren.<br />
Die Regierung in Ankara<br />
fürcht<strong>et</strong> offenbar um <strong>de</strong>n geschlossenen<br />
Bestand <strong>de</strong>s türkischen<br />
Nationalstaates. Entsprechend<br />
hart geht sie gegen<br />
die kurdischen Rebellen vor.<br />
Bei diesen Einsätzen kann das<br />
türkische Militiir sogar über<br />
die Grcnze zum Irak hinweg<br />
operieren - bis zu zchn Kilom<strong>et</strong>cr<br />
tief ins Nachbarland hinein.<br />
Das lUll die irakisehe Regierung<br />
Ankara bereits 1984<br />
zugestandcn.<br />
Im Oktober vergangenen<br />
Jahres griffen Kur<strong>de</strong>n zum ersten<br />
Mal auch eine Einrichtung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r NATO an: Sie beschossen<br />
die Radarstation Mardin in <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Südost-Türkei, 30 km von <strong>de</strong>r<br />
syrischen Grenze entfernt.<br />
Inzwischen greifen die Guerillas<br />
<strong>de</strong>r »Kurdischen Arbeiterpartei«<br />
aber auch kurdische<br />
Dörfer an. Die Berichte von<br />
jencm schrccklichen Gcm<strong>et</strong>zel<br />
in dcm Dorf Pinarcik. bei <strong>de</strong>m<br />
31 Einwohner g<strong>et</strong>öt<strong>et</strong> wur<strong>de</strong>n,<br />
gingen im Juni um die Welt.<br />
Die PKK-Rebellen wollcn mit<br />
solchen .eson<strong>de</strong>rs grausamen<br />
Blutbä<strong>de</strong>rn offenbar jene Kur<strong>de</strong>n<br />
»strafen«. die nicht für bewaffn<strong>et</strong>en<br />
Kampf für einen eigenen<br />
Staat sind und nicht bereit<br />
sind zur Unterstützung <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Marxisten von <strong>de</strong>r PKK.<br />
Und obendrein wollen die<br />
I<strong>de</strong>ologen und Strategen <strong>de</strong>r<br />
»Kurdischen Arbeiterpartei«<br />
anscheinend die türkische Regierung<br />
zu immer massiverem<br />
Einsatz von Militär und immer<br />
härtcren Aktionen gegen die<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>n zwingen, damit dadurch<br />
größerer Ilaß und<br />
schließlich Aufstand gegen<br />
Ankara entsteht. Die Türkei<br />
muß also im eigenen Land eincn<br />
Guerillakrieg<br />
Zivilbevölkerung<br />
führen. Die<br />
leid<strong>et</strong> auch<br />
hier. wie in allen solchen Auseinan<strong>de</strong>rs<strong>et</strong>zungen,<br />
gewiß am<br />
meisten - gleich ob sie sich<br />
engagiert o<strong>de</strong>r auf welcher Seite<br />
sie steht.<br />
AuUcnpolitische<br />
Belastung<br />
Außenpolitisch bereit<strong>et</strong> das<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>ndrama <strong>de</strong>r Türkei auch<br />
dadurch Schwierigkeiten, daß<br />
zum Beispiel dus Europupurlament<br />
im vergungenén Juni in<br />
einer Resolution von Ankaru<br />
gefor<strong>de</strong>rt hat, in Rechtsnachfolge<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Osmunischen Reiches<br />
<strong>de</strong>n Völkermord anzuerkennen,<br />
<strong>de</strong>r 1915-1917 an <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Armeniern begangen<br />
sei. Für die aktuelle<br />
wor<strong>de</strong>n<br />
I)olitik<br />
wog vielleicht sogar schwerer,<br />
daß die Europaparlmnentarier<br />
in <strong>de</strong>r ~Ieichen Entschließung<br />
erklärten. auch Ankaras »Weigerung.<br />
die Kurdcnfrage anzuerkennen".<br />
sei ein Ilin<strong>de</strong>rnis<br />
für die Prüfung eines eventuel-<br />
Icn Beitritts <strong>de</strong>r Türken zur<br />
EG. Bei <strong>de</strong>n Türken wur ein<br />
Nerv g<strong>et</strong>roffen. Staatspräsi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Kenan Evren erklärte<br />
postwen<strong>de</strong>nd, duß man unter<br />
solchen Umstün<strong>de</strong>n noch einmal<br />
über die NATO »Illlch<strong>de</strong>nken«<br />
müsse, als <strong>de</strong>ren Eckpfeiler<br />
sein Land sonst st<strong>et</strong>s gelobt<br />
wer<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Solche Äußerungen sind<br />
wohl eher als ein momentaner<br />
Ausdruck <strong>de</strong>r Verärgerung<br />
<strong>de</strong>nn als ernsthafte Drohung<br />
zu werten. Dennoch ist. nicht<br />
zu leugnen: Das Kur<strong>de</strong>nprohlem<br />
ist eine reale polili,sehe<br />
Belastung im Bündnis.' Die<br />
Kämpfe sind allerdings .auch<br />
eine reale Gefahr für die Türkei:<br />
Durell das Aktionsgebi<strong>et</strong><br />
dcr »Kurdischen Arbeiterpartei«<br />
verlaufen sowohl die Pipeline,<br />
durch die gegen dringend<br />
benötigte Devisen irakisches<br />
Erdöl nach Dortyol an <strong>de</strong>r türkischen<br />
Mittelmeerküste<br />
fließt, als auch die Europa-<br />
Straße 24, auf <strong>de</strong>r täglich l'und<br />
5 000 Autos verkehren. die<br />
Mehrzahl davon Tanklastwagen.<br />
Es darf auch nicht übersehen<br />
wer<strong>de</strong>n, daß Moskau die<br />
kurdischen »Separatisten« als<br />
sehr wirksame Mittel <strong>de</strong>r Destabilisierung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r strategisch so<br />
wichtigen Türkei sehen mußund<br />
es mit <strong>de</strong>n Syrern als »Mittelsmännern«<br />
offenbar schon<br />
eins<strong>et</strong>zt.<br />
Alles dies und nicht zul<strong>et</strong>zt<br />
die politischen Werte und<br />
Überzeugungen. wie Freiheit,<br />
Demokratie und Menschenrechte<br />
-, die zu wahren die<br />
NATO schließliçh geschlagen<br />
wur<strong>de</strong>, sind Grün<strong>de</strong> genug zu<br />
hoffen. daß die Türkei die<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>nfrage friedlich lösen<br />
wird. Solchen Frie<strong>de</strong>n zumin<strong>de</strong>st<br />
und kulturelle Autonomie<br />
möchte man <strong>de</strong>n Kur<strong>de</strong>n wünschen.<br />
'
HOVEHBER 1987<br />
ureh urdistan<br />
VERFOLGTES VOLK • VERBOTENE SPRACHE<br />
Wann immer in <strong>de</strong>n l<strong>et</strong>zten Monaten die<br />
Beamten <strong>de</strong>s Bonner Auslän<strong>de</strong>ramtes aus.<br />
schwärmten, um abgelehnte Asylanträge zu<br />
"vollstrecken", die B<strong>et</strong>roffenen in Abschiebe.<br />
haft zu nehmen und <strong>de</strong>n Polizeibehör<strong>de</strong>n zu<br />
überstellen, han<strong>de</strong>lte es sich in zahlreichen<br />
Fällen um Kur<strong>de</strong>n. Fast 400.000 leben in <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Bun<strong>de</strong>srepublik, die meisten als Arbeitsemi.<br />
granten ins land gekommen zu einer Zeit, als<br />
bun<strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong>utsche Werb<strong>et</strong>rupps noch auf <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Suche nach Arbeitskräften durch die län<strong>de</strong>r<br />
rund urn's Mittelmeer zogen.<br />
Dennoch gibt es in offiziellen Statistiken<br />
keine Kur<strong>de</strong>n. Sie sind Türken, Iraner, Iraker<br />
o<strong>de</strong>r Syrer. Seit die Siegermächte <strong>de</strong>s ersten<br />
Weltkrieges 1923 im Vertrag von Lausanne<br />
die Grenzen für <strong>de</strong>n 'Nahen Osten'. neu zo°<br />
gen, verlaufen die Staatsgrenzen im Dreilän.<br />
<strong>de</strong>reck Iran.lrak.Türkei mitten durch die Hei.<br />
mat <strong>de</strong>s Kurdischen Volkes.<br />
Die kurdischen Gebi<strong>et</strong>e sind die Armen.<br />
häuser <strong>de</strong>r Nahoststaaten, die höchsten An.<br />
alphab<strong>et</strong>enraten im Iran o<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>r Türkei bele.<br />
gen das.<br />
Im Schatten <strong>de</strong>s Golfkrieges zwischen Iran<br />
und Irak wer<strong>de</strong>n auch die Kur<strong>de</strong>n zwischen<br />
<strong>de</strong>n Fronten zerrieben. Unter <strong>de</strong>m Vorwand<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Bekämpfung terroristischer und separati.<br />
stischer Ban<strong>de</strong>n versucht die türkische Ar.<br />
mee das Gebi<strong>et</strong> zu 'befrie<strong>de</strong>n'. Luftangriffe<br />
auf kurdische Dörfer, auch auf Irakischem<br />
Gebi<strong>et</strong>, sind keine Seltenheit mehr. Militär.<br />
operationen, Folterungen, Massenverhaftun.<br />
gen und Zwangsumsiedlungen sind an <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Tagesordnung. 300.000 Soldaten, ein Drittel<br />
<strong>de</strong>r türkischen Armee, operieren im Wohnge.<br />
bl<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>r Kur<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Ein Mitarbeiter <strong>de</strong>s Kurdischen <strong>Institut</strong>s<br />
hat für OE SCHNÜSS die Eindrücke seiner<br />
Reise in die kurdischen Gebi<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong>r Türkei<br />
notiert.<br />
Als das ZDF im FrOhjahr 1987<br />
in seiner Sendung "Nachbarn in<br />
Europa" es wagte auf die ca.<br />
300.000 Arbeitsemigranten aus<br />
<strong>de</strong>r TOrkel mit kurdischer Natio-<br />
-nalitat hinzuweisen, hagelte es<br />
Proteste. TOrkische Tageszeitun.<br />
gen nannten <strong>de</strong>n Beitrag Ober<br />
die kurdische Kultur "eine Provokation<br />
und eine Beleidigung <strong>de</strong>r<br />
tarkischen Nation".<br />
Ankaras Botschafter verwahrte<br />
sich - wie schon bei an<strong>de</strong>ren<br />
Gelegenheiten - entschie<strong>de</strong>n<br />
dagegen, daß in <strong>de</strong>n west<strong>de</strong>utschen<br />
Medien auf die Existenz<br />
eines Volkes hingewiesen wird,<br />
das es in seinem Land seit 1925<br />
offiziell nicht gibt: Die Kur<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
Der Kemalismus als<br />
Slaalsdoktrin<br />
Der GrOn<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>r tOrkischen Republik,<br />
Kemal AtatOrk, aul <strong>de</strong>n<br />
sich rechte wie "linke" tOrkische<br />
Parteien und Politiker berufen,<br />
hat seinen Nachfolgern eine Hypothek<br />
hinterlassen, die bis heute<br />
fOr innen- und außenpolitische<br />
Unruhe sorgt. Die Orientierung<br />
auf einen "mo<strong>de</strong>rnen NatIonalismus"<br />
und die Leugnung <strong>de</strong>r multikulturellen<br />
Vergangenheit <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Lan<strong>de</strong>s fOhrten dazu, daB die<br />
TOrkei ihre inneren Wi<strong>de</strong>rsprO.<br />
che immer wie<strong>de</strong>r mit militari.<br />
schen Mittel "löste": Durch die<br />
Liquidierung <strong>de</strong>s christlichen<br />
Elements in <strong>de</strong>r ostanatolischen<br />
~ 25
DII .CHNO.. ( suite)<br />
Gesellschaft (Massaker an <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Armeniern), die Vertreibung <strong>de</strong>r<br />
griechischen Min<strong>de</strong>rheit, die Ko.<br />
,Ionisierung <strong>de</strong>r kurdischen Ge.<br />
bi<strong>et</strong>e und durch die massive Ver.<br />
folgung und Unterdrückung Je.<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Art von politischer und kultu.<br />
relier Opposition Im Osten <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Lan<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Dem ehemaligen Bürgermel.<br />
ster von Diyarbakir, Mehdi Zana,<br />
brachte sein Bekenntnis "Ich bin<br />
stolz, Kur<strong>de</strong> zu sein" eine mehrjährige<br />
Gefängnisstrafe ein. Bereits<br />
vor <strong>de</strong>m Putsch <strong>de</strong>r Generä.<br />
le im September 1980 war seine<br />
Arbeit durch die Behör<strong>de</strong>n in An.<br />
kara massiv behin<strong>de</strong>rt wor<strong>de</strong>n:<br />
durch <strong>de</strong>n Entzug von Steuermitteln<br />
und <strong>de</strong>n Boykott von sozialen<br />
und technischen Leistungen,<br />
Französische BOrgermeister organisierten<br />
damals zu seiner Un.<br />
terstützung die Lieferung von<br />
mehreren Bussen und einem Generator<br />
fOr die Stromversorgung<br />
Ein Bus trug die Parole "Vive le<br />
Kurdistan". Für die Teilnahme<br />
an <strong>de</strong>r Überführung erhielt Zana<br />
8 Jahre Gefängnis. Nach <strong>de</strong>m<br />
Putsch wur<strong>de</strong> er seines Amtes<br />
enthoben und Inhaftiert, gefol.<br />
tert und sitzt trotz internationaler<br />
Proteste heute, halb taub ge- ,<br />
schlagen, Im Gefängnis von Diy.<br />
arbakir. Ähnlich ging es zahlrei.<br />
chen seiner Kollegen, die als un.<br />
abhängige (kurdische) Kandidaten<br />
in öffentliche Ämter gekommen<br />
waren.<br />
Die For<strong>de</strong>rung <strong>de</strong>s sozial<strong>de</strong>mokratischen<br />
Abgeordn<strong>et</strong>en<br />
Turgut Atalay aus Sirt, das Parteiprogramm<br />
<strong>de</strong>r CHP auch Ins<br />
Kurdische zu übers<strong>et</strong>zen, vers<strong>et</strong>zte<br />
seine Parteiführung in heile<br />
Aufregung und als sich <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Parteibezirk Diyarbarkir hinter<br />
seine For<strong>de</strong>rung stellte, wur<strong>de</strong><br />
Mitte Juni '87 die gesamte Parteiorganisation<br />
gelöst.<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Bezirkes auf.<br />
Kurdistan - ein bes<strong>et</strong>ztes Land<br />
"Stellt Euch vor, zwei Drittel<br />
Eurer Armee war<strong>de</strong> in Bayern<br />
stationiert, je<strong>de</strong> Stadt war<strong>de</strong> von<br />
<strong>de</strong>r naheliegen<strong>de</strong>n Garnison beherrscht,<br />
je<strong>de</strong>s Dort von einem<br />
schwerbewaffn<strong>et</strong>en Milittüposten.<br />
Hoch<strong>de</strong>utsch war<strong>de</strong> zur al.<br />
leinigen Sprache In allen Ämtern<br />
und ,Beh6r<strong>de</strong>n. Der bayrische<br />
Dialekt war<strong>de</strong> verboten, alte<br />
Ortsnamen war<strong>de</strong>n preussifi.<br />
ziert, wer vorher Yaver o<strong>de</strong>r Sepp<br />
hieB, dart j<strong>et</strong>zt zwischen Fritz<br />
und Wilhelm wllhlen. Renitente<br />
D6rfer war<strong>de</strong>n nach Nie<strong>de</strong>rsachsen<br />
umgesie<strong>de</strong>lt, aut oppositionel/e<br />
Gruppen und Personen<br />
machte die' GSG 9 Jagd ... eine<br />
absur<strong>de</strong> Vorstellung mitten in<br />
Europa, aber bei uns Ist sie RealitSt."<br />
Der kurdische Arzt, <strong>de</strong>r<br />
mehrere 'Jahre In Freiburg studiert<br />
hatte, .klärte uns beim Be.<br />
such <strong>de</strong>s Atatürk-Denkmals vor<br />
<strong>de</strong>n Toren Diyarbaklrs <strong>de</strong>rart anschaulich<br />
über die Situation in<br />
seinem Lan<strong>de</strong> auf und fOgte ein<br />
Beispiel aus <strong>de</strong>m eigenen Tätigkeitsbereich<br />
hinzu:" Wenn ich im<br />
Krankenhaus mit meinen Patien.<br />
ten kurdisch re<strong>de</strong>, weil sie mich<br />
nicht verstehen und Ich sie sonst<br />
nicht behan<strong>de</strong>ln kann, muß ich<br />
mit Ärger und Nachtel/en rech.<br />
nen. Wer hier <strong>et</strong>was wer<strong>de</strong>n will<br />
- z.B. Facharzt - <strong>de</strong>r muB sei.<br />
ne kurdische I<strong>de</strong>ntität veleug.<br />
nen, muB schweigen, wenn ihm<br />
die MilitSrs totkranke o<strong>de</strong>r gefolterte<br />
"Pati~nten ohne Namen" ,<br />
einliefern und fOr die medizinische<br />
Versorgung <strong>de</strong>r Landbev61-<br />
kerung fehlt es an Ärzten, Ambulatorien<br />
und am guten Willen <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Verantwortlichen. " .<br />
Kemal Atatürks Portrait Ist<br />
auch in <strong>de</strong>r heimlichen Hauptstadt<br />
Türkisch-Kurdistans allgegenwärtig:<br />
Im Cafe, in <strong>de</strong>r Bank,<br />
Im Hotel, In allen öffentlichen<br />
und vIelen privaten Gebäu<strong>de</strong>n,<br />
aber <strong>de</strong>r Schein trügt. Im Hotel<br />
treffen sich Angehörige <strong>de</strong>r poli-<br />
1" ••••<br />
,_/ -<br />
-",,"<br />
MItteImeer<br />
'"",<br />
tischen Gefangenen; unter <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Leuchtreklame, die die Konturen<br />
<strong>de</strong>s "großen Führers" erkennen<br />
läBt, fan<strong>de</strong>n bis 1980 die groBen<br />
Kundgebungen statt, heute tref.<br />
fen sich hier bel einem Glas Tee<br />
Oppositionelle, die trotz Repres.<br />
sion nicht aufgegeben haben.<br />
"FOr die EuropSer und die<br />
USA ist diese Gegend geopolitisch<br />
Interessant" erklärte uns<br />
ein an<strong>de</strong>rer Gesprächspartner,<br />
"hier wird angeblich <strong>de</strong>r freie<br />
Westen verteidigt, wShrend slcll<br />
die Armee auffahrt wie in einem<br />
bes<strong>et</strong>zten Land, Die Aktionen<br />
<strong>de</strong>r PKK sind mehr Folge als Ursache<br />
dieser ganzen Misere. Far<br />
die NA TO sind unsere Anliegen<br />
ein StOrtaktor und tar die TOrken<br />
sind wir ungebild<strong>et</strong>, unterentwickelt<br />
und mitunter eben auch<br />
gewalttStig." Damit beschreibt<br />
er ein gängiges Muster mit <strong>de</strong>m<br />
oft iluch "liberale" lOrkische Intellektuelle<br />
die Probleme <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Osten analysieren.<br />
~' ..~,,;<br />
Aus Deschner, Saladins Sahne, mit treundl. Genehmigung <strong>de</strong>s Kurdischen <strong>Institut</strong>s Bonn<br />
. ---.J'--~ -'\ \ "<br />
---.....<br />
~ '-
D••<br />
CHNO••<br />
(suite)<br />
Ein Dozent einer tOrkischen<br />
UniversItAt hatte dieses Muster<br />
in einem Gesprlch um einen Interessanten<br />
und vieldiskutierten<br />
Punkt erweitert: "Wir haben .1.<br />
les, um In <strong>de</strong>r fG bestehen zu<br />
kOnnen: Wasser, Bo<strong>de</strong>nschllze,<br />
gute BO<strong>de</strong>n, flelB/ga Menschen.<br />
Was unsera Han<strong>de</strong>lsbilanz Immer<br />
wie<strong>de</strong>r in die roten Zahlen<br />
treibt, sind die frdOlimporte.<br />
Wenn wir z.B. Kirkuk hlJtten ..."<br />
Kirkuk - ein Zentrum <strong>de</strong>r Ira.<br />
kischen Ölför<strong>de</strong>rung - liegt In<br />
<strong>de</strong>r ehemaligen Mosulprovlnz,<br />
die Ankara 1918 an die britische<br />
Kolonialmacht und dann an die<br />
neu gegrOnd<strong>et</strong>e Haschemlten.<br />
monarchie <strong>de</strong>s Irak verlor.<br />
Hauptverlierer unter <strong>de</strong>n Erben<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Osmanischen Reiches wa.<br />
ren aber die Bewohner dieser Region:<br />
die kurdischen StAmme. Ih.<br />
re politischen Rechte und For<strong>de</strong>rungen<br />
wur<strong>de</strong>n in Interessen <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Großmächte und <strong>de</strong>r benachbar.<br />
ten Staaten Syrien, Irak, Iran und<br />
TOrkel untergeordn<strong>et</strong>. Heute<br />
fliegt die tOrkische Luftwaffe Angriffe<br />
auf kurdische Dörfer au.<br />
Berhalb <strong>de</strong>r NATO-Grenzen. Vom<br />
Machtvakuum zwischen <strong>de</strong>m<br />
Iran UfId <strong>de</strong>m Irak möchte auch<br />
die TOrkei profitieren und von<br />
<strong>de</strong>n "verlorenen Ostgebi<strong>et</strong>en"<br />
träumen nicht nur extreme Rech.<br />
te, wie <strong>de</strong>r MHP-FOhrer TOrkes.<br />
Die "Entwicklung"<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Ostens<br />
Wer das Quellgebi<strong>et</strong> zwischen<br />
Euphrat und Tigris Im FrOhsommer<br />
bereist, wun<strong>de</strong>rt sich Ober<br />
<strong>de</strong>n Wasserreichtum <strong>de</strong>r Tallagen,<br />
bedingt durch die langen<br />
und schneereichen Winter. Das<br />
Schmelzwasser wird durch zahlreiche<br />
Staudämme zur Energie.<br />
gewinnung und Bewässerung<br />
genutzt, aber die Probleme <strong>de</strong>r.<br />
artiger GroBprojekte dèuten sich<br />
heute schon an: fOr die Euphrat-<br />
Stauseen wer<strong>de</strong>n kurdische Dörfer<br />
zwangsumgesie<strong>de</strong>lt; die Ufer<br />
bestehen aus mächtigen Geröll.<br />
schichten, die ein langsames<br />
Verlan<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong>r Seen befOrchten<br />
lassen; von <strong>de</strong>n Bewässérungs-<br />
Projekten im GAP.Projekt, zum<br />
Ausbau <strong>de</strong>r Infrastruktur in <strong>de</strong>n<br />
kurdischen Gebi<strong>et</strong>en, fOr die ein<br />
30 km langer Tunnel im Bau ist,<br />
wer<strong>de</strong>n in Zukunft GroBgrundbesitzer<br />
und reiche Finanziers profitieren,<br />
die auf hohe Exporte In<br />
die EG spekulieren.<br />
Politisch abgesichert wird diese<br />
Politik durch die Ansiedlung<br />
türkischer FlOchtlinge aus Afqhanistan<br />
und Bulgarien, durch<br />
Ubereinkommen mit <strong>de</strong>m Nach.<br />
barland Syrien (das Immerhin um<br />
sein Euphrat.Wasser fOrchtfm<br />
muß) und das Angebot an die 01.<br />
staaten, eine Wasserpipeline zu<br />
bauen. Mit einer gezlelten Verbesserung<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Lebensgrundla.<br />
gen <strong>de</strong>r Bevölkerung haben die<br />
durchgefOhrten o<strong>de</strong>r geplanten<br />
Projekte allerdings wenig zu tun.<br />
TUrkischll Sitzordnung: GllfBngllnll vor lIinllm Militilrgllricht in Diyarbakir<br />
Dies gilt auch fOr die Anstren.<br />
gungen <strong>de</strong>r tOrkischen Regierung<br />
mit Hilfe <strong>de</strong>r bun<strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong>utschen<br />
Gesellschaft fOr technische<br />
Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) in<br />
Kurdistan neue Buntm<strong>et</strong>allager<br />
ausfindig zu machen.<br />
"Far die TOrken Ist das hier <strong>de</strong>r<br />
'Wil<strong>de</strong> Westen', man rechn<strong>et</strong> in<br />
diesem weitgehend unerschlos.<br />
senen Gebi<strong>et</strong> mit enormen Bo<strong>de</strong>nschiltzen",<br />
meinte ein <strong>de</strong>utscher<br />
Techniker, aber "far Seismographen<br />
und eine funktionle.<br />
ren<strong>de</strong> Erdbebenvorwarnung gibt<br />
es kein Ge/d", fOgte unser kurdl.<br />
scher Begleiter hinzu. "A/s im<br />
Winter '76 nach einem Erdbeben<br />
tausen<strong>de</strong> von Kur<strong>de</strong>n verhungerten<br />
und erfroren, haben die in<br />
Ankara sich die Internationa/en<br />
Hi/fsge/<strong>de</strong>r in die eigene Tasche<br />
gewirtschaft<strong>et</strong>." Geblieben sind<br />
'die Ruinen in Muradiye und Caldiran,<br />
die Häuser aus Fertigtei.<br />
len, die nach internationalen<br />
Protesten dann doch noch ge.<br />
baut wur<strong>de</strong>n und ein tiefes Miß.<br />
trauen gegen alle Frem<strong>de</strong>n.<br />
"Banditen<br />
Europäer"<br />
verfUhren<br />
"Bericht<strong>et</strong> aber das, was Ihr<br />
hier gesehen und erfahren habt",<br />
bat uns einer <strong>de</strong>r wenigen<br />
Rechtsanwälte, die trotz man.<br />
eher Repressalien und persönli.<br />
eher Gefahren versuchen, kurdische<br />
Gefangene (gleich welcher<br />
Partei) vor <strong>de</strong>n Militärgerichten<br />
zu verteidigen. "Die europili.<br />
sehen Regierungen kOnnten die<br />
TOrken zur Einha/tung <strong>de</strong>r Menschenrecht<br />
zwingen, schon in<br />
Hinblick auf <strong>de</strong>n EG.Beltritt. Und<br />
far die Wahlen im FrOhjahr (vor.<br />
gezogen auf Nov. '87, Anm.d.R.)<br />
'88 hoffen wir auf Eure Unterstotzung,<br />
dann kandidieren wir wie<strong>de</strong>r:<br />
als Unabhilngige fOr Kurdl.<br />
stanl"<br />
Im Juni 1987 nahm das Europäische<br />
Parlament In eln.r R•• o-<br />
lullon zum Masseflmord an <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Armeniern (1915) und zur Unter.<br />
drückung <strong>de</strong>r Kur<strong>de</strong>n und an<strong>de</strong>rer<br />
Min<strong>de</strong>rheiten In <strong>de</strong>r TOrkel<br />
Stellung. Putschgeneral und<br />
Staatspräsi<strong>de</strong>nt Evren stellt.<br />
daraufhin die NATO.Mltgll.dschaf!'.<br />
seines Lan<strong>de</strong>. In Frag.<br />
und Mlnlsterprllsl<strong>de</strong>nt Özal<br />
sprach von Intrigen geg.n dl.<br />
türkische Nation und <strong>de</strong>n angestrebten<br />
EG.Beltrltt.<br />
Die Überfalle <strong>de</strong>r Kurdischen<br />
Arbeiterpartei Im SOdosten und<br />
die Auseinan<strong>de</strong>rs<strong>et</strong>zungen zwl.<br />
schen <strong>de</strong>r PKK und an<strong>de</strong>ren kur.<br />
dischen Organisationen in <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Bun<strong>de</strong>srepublik muMen <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Herrschen<strong>de</strong>n in Ankara all "a.<br />
schenk <strong>de</strong>s Himmels" .r.ch.l.<br />
nen (wenn sie nicht selbst an <strong>de</strong>r<br />
"Gllrllchtigk~it ist Grundstein <strong>de</strong>s Staatlls": Wllnigllr auf SprUche/hru Staat,.<br />
grUndIIrs .Atatork <strong>de</strong>nn Buf MilltilrpoilZlli schll/nt die Ju,tiz zu bauen.<br />
~. - • I<br />
Inlziml.rung b<strong>et</strong>.lllgt lind): In .1.<br />
n.r Pr.... k.mp.gn. rOokt.n Il.<br />
J.d. e.. chlftlgun, mit d.m Kur.<br />
d.nprobl.m ln dl. Nlh, d.. T.r.<br />
roriimui. Ihr ZI,1 Ilncl nicht nur<br />
P.rt,l,n wi. dl, PKK, dl. Ihr,<br />
"FOhrung.roll' Im n,tlon,len<br />
B.fr,lunGlk.m,f" uni Olff.r,n.<br />
z.n zu lnt.rn,n unef.•• t.rn," Krl.<br />
tlk,rn Ihr.r Politik mit <strong>de</strong>m<br />
Schl ... el•• n durchlltz.n<br />
mOcht., .ond.rn luch un.bhln.<br />
glge lozlal. und kultur,lI, Ein.<br />
rlchtung.n d.r Kurdin In dir<br />
Bund .. r.publlk.<br />
Anfang Juli .rlchl.n In d.r<br />
gröBt.n . tOrklsch.n Tag.. z.ltung<br />
TERCÜMAN unt.r d"" TI.<br />
tel "Banditen verfahren EurDpler"<br />
ein Beitrag Ober das Kurdl.<br />
sche <strong>Institut</strong> In Bonn und die<br />
,;nalven P.rsönllchkeiten", die<br />
<strong>de</strong>ssen Oberwleg.nd kulturell.<br />
Arbeit unterstOtzen. Am gleichen<br />
Tag erhielten zahlreiche Inltltu.<br />
t10ntJll L/"'Q '.JfQIP I.... au,.<br />
<strong>de</strong>srepublIk eine BrÇ>scli'(frl-:aer<br />
"SlIftung fOr Islaml.che Werte"<br />
In Ankara, In <strong>de</strong>r zum "Heiligen<br />
Krieg" gegen das <strong>Institut</strong> .ufg ..<br />
rufen wurd •. Oaa Inltltut h.tt.,<br />
neben zahlr.lch.n and.r,n Pu.<br />
bllkatlonen, .uch T.i1, <strong>de</strong>r Ilb.1<br />
ins Kurdllch. Ob.rlltzt. Eine<br />
Antwort <strong>de</strong>s Inn.nmlnllt.rluml<br />
auf eine Anfrage von Il.tr. K.lly,<br />
wie Zimm.rmann <strong>de</strong>r.rtlgen Orohung.n<br />
zu b.g.an.n g.<strong>de</strong>nk.,<br />
f1.1 entspr'Ch,nd f1.ch ,ue. Kein<br />
Wund.r, h.U, er do<strong>et</strong>\ ."t ~11<br />
fU¥Ot' dl. Aufln'" .. rlOht.ra.<br />
dlkal.n MHP-FUhrer. TOrk.. ill<br />
d.r Bun<strong>de</strong>srepublIk durch .In VI.<br />
sum ermöglicht. StMn I
DE BCHNOBB (suite)<br />
kalholl'scher Priester In BrasIlien,<br />
ein missionierter Indio In<br />
Ecuador o<strong>de</strong>r ein anglikanischer<br />
Bischof In SOdafrika stehen unserem<br />
Kulturkreis allemal näher,<br />
als "die VOlker weit hinten In <strong>de</strong>r<br />
TOrkeL...<br />
W.G.<br />
Weitere Informationen und eine<br />
PublIkationslIste:<br />
Kurdisches <strong>Institut</strong>, Elfelstr.9,<br />
5300 Bonn 1<br />
Zum Nachlesen:<br />
Serafeltln Kaya, Diyarbakir -<br />
Erfahrungen In einem türkl.<br />
sehen Kerker, SOdwlnd, edition<br />
CON, Bremen, Stellvertr<strong>et</strong>end<br />
fOr Tausen<strong>de</strong> schil<strong>de</strong>rt<br />
Während die Bun<strong>de</strong>sreglèrung<br />
noch Im August l<strong>et</strong>zten Jahres<br />
auf eine kleine Anfrage <strong>de</strong>r "GrOnen"<br />
Im Bun<strong>de</strong>stag dreist ab.<br />
stritt, in auch nur irgen<strong>de</strong>iner<br />
Weise an <strong>de</strong>r Ausbildung und<br />
AusrOstung <strong>de</strong>r berOchtigten<br />
neuen tOrkischen Elit<strong>et</strong>ruppe b<strong>et</strong>eiligt<br />
zu sein, brachte die torkisehe<br />
Tageszeitung ..TercOman"<br />
am 31.1.87 ausgerechn<strong>et</strong> auf <strong>de</strong>r<br />
Titelseite die RiesenschlagzeIle:<br />
..Unsere Kommandos wer<strong>de</strong>n In<br />
Deutschland ausgebild<strong>et</strong> ..,. untermalt<br />
mit Fotos und einem Interview<br />
mit <strong>de</strong>m Offizier <strong>de</strong>r GSG<br />
9, Anselm Weygold:<br />
"Wtihrend unseres langen Gesprtichs<br />
mIt Hauptmann Weygold<br />
erwtihnte dieser die enge<br />
Zusammenarbeit mit <strong>de</strong>r TOrkei.<br />
Weygold erwtihnte, daB 1m vergangenen<br />
Jahr hier zwei KommandoeinheitEin<br />
<strong>de</strong>r' Gendarmerie<br />
ausgebild<strong>et</strong> wor<strong>de</strong>n seien<br />
und fuhr fort "Aus <strong>de</strong>r Zusammenarbeit<br />
erzielen wir sehr gute<br />
Ergebnisse". Weygold erwtihnte<br />
auch die technische Zusammenarbeit,<br />
sagte aber, hier seien die<br />
Systeme . unterschiedlich und<br />
nicht erfolgreich genug. "<br />
TercOman v.31.1.87<br />
<strong>de</strong>r kurdische Rechtsanwalt<br />
Kaya In diesem Buch Folter<br />
und UnterdrOckung in <strong>de</strong>n tOrkischen<br />
Militärgefängnissen,<br />
die er selbst sieben Monate<br />
lang durchlebte.<br />
G.Köhler, D.Nogga-Welnell,<br />
Aza<strong>de</strong> • vom Oberleben kurdischer<br />
Frauen. edition Con,<br />
Bremen<br />
Bücher über die Kur<strong>de</strong>n und<br />
Kurdistan Eine Auswahlbibliographie,<br />
Verlag fOr Kultur und<br />
Wissenschaft, Bonn<br />
Politische Mor<strong>de</strong> In Europa<br />
BroschOre <strong>de</strong>r GAL zur Politik<br />
<strong>de</strong>r PKK, GAL, Bartelsstr.30, 2<br />
Hamburg 6<br />
Türkische Spezialtruppen für <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Einsatz in Kurdistai1<br />
bei <strong>de</strong>r GSG 9 ausgebU<strong>de</strong>i<br />
Die wahrhaft "mör<strong>de</strong>rische"<br />
Zusammenarbeit zwischen <strong>de</strong>r<br />
BRD und <strong>de</strong>m Militärregime in<br />
<strong>de</strong>r TOrkei Ist keineswegs neu:<br />
Bereits einige Tage nach <strong>de</strong>m<br />
Militärputsch 1980 spendierte<br />
die BRD erst einmal1 Mio AusrOstungshilfe<br />
fOr die torklsche Polizei,<br />
als Auftakt sozusagen.<br />
Auch In <strong>de</strong>n folgen<strong>de</strong>n 6 Jahren<br />
beschräntke sich die Bun<strong>de</strong>sregierung<br />
(gleich ob COU o<strong>de</strong>r<br />
SPD) keineswegs auf Milliar<strong>de</strong>n<br />
DM von WIrtschaftshilfe: insbeson<strong>de</strong>re<br />
an <strong>de</strong>r militärischen und<br />
polizeilichen AusrOstung <strong>de</strong>r<br />
TOrkelist die BRD Intensiv b<strong>et</strong>eiligt.<br />
Mittlerweile sind die tOrkl.<br />
sehen Grenz- und PolizeIstationen<br />
. mit Computern bestockt,<br />
von <strong>de</strong>nen die Firma Siemens zumin<strong>de</strong>st<br />
das Zubehör (wie Stromaggregate<br />
<strong>et</strong>c.) geliefert hat (vermutlich<br />
die gesamte Anlage).<br />
Regelmäßig wer<strong>de</strong>n Ober <strong>de</strong>n<br />
Hamburger Hafen Mllitär-LKWs<br />
Qeliefert und Ministerpräsi<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Ozal besuchte während seines<br />
Staatsbesuches Im Herbst 1984<br />
unter groBer Geheimhaltung die<br />
LuflwaHenflrma MBB in Hamburg.<br />
Hier ging es um <strong>de</strong>n Ankauf<br />
von Hubschraubern, wie sie<br />
das lOrkische A,egime fOr <strong>de</strong>n'<br />
Einsatz gegen die kurdische Bevölkerung<br />
- und lOr <strong>de</strong>n schnel.<br />
len Transport eben <strong>de</strong>r erwähnten<br />
Spezialeinheiten benötigt.<br />
Im Juni 1985 hielt sich dann<br />
die gesamte Spitze <strong>de</strong>r torkisehen<br />
Polizei auf Einladung <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Bun<strong>de</strong>sinnenministeriums zu ei.<br />
nem mehrtägigen Besuch in <strong>de</strong>r<br />
BRD auf: Ziel dieses Besu.ches<br />
war es laut tOrkischer Presse<br />
"die torkische Polizei mit <strong>de</strong>utscher<br />
Hilfe mit <strong>de</strong>n mo<strong>de</strong>rnsten<br />
Waffen und Gertit auszurO~~.en..."<br />
(Milliy<strong>et</strong>) ,<br />
Auf <strong>de</strong>m Besuchsprogramm<br />
<strong>de</strong>r Delegation stan<strong>de</strong>n neben einem<br />
Besuch <strong>de</strong>s BKA und einem<br />
Treffen Im Bonner Innenministe.<br />
rium vor allem ein ausführlicher:<br />
_ Besuch bei <strong>de</strong>r GSG 9.<br />
Welch "Zufall", daB die TOrkei '<br />
noch Im selben Jahr mit <strong>de</strong>r Auf.<br />
stellung einer 500 Mann starken'<br />
Elit<strong>et</strong>ruppe begann, <strong>de</strong>ren Aus.<br />
bildung nach wie<strong>de</strong>rholten Be.<br />
richten <strong>de</strong>r tOrkischen Presse zumin<strong>de</strong>st<br />
zum Teil in <strong>de</strong>r Bun<strong>de</strong>srepublik<br />
bei <strong>de</strong>r G$G 9 stattfand.<br />
Inzwischen sind die als "Schwar.<br />
ze.lnsekten" bekannten Son<strong>de</strong>rkommandos,<br />
<strong>de</strong>ren Zahl noch<br />
weiter auf 1.500aufgestockt wer<strong>de</strong>n<br />
soll, vornehmlich In <strong>de</strong>n kur.<br />
dischen Gebi<strong>et</strong>en im Einsatz. Ihre<br />
"Schlagkraft" wird von <strong>de</strong>r reaktionären<br />
türkischen Presse<br />
mit folgen<strong>de</strong>n Worten gelobt:<br />
" ...beim Einsatzbefehl geht ein<br />
Schlag durch <strong>de</strong>n Körper <strong>de</strong>s to.<br />
<strong>de</strong>smutigen bt1renstarken Männer...<br />
Ihre automatischen Wun.<br />
<strong>de</strong>rwaffen treffen immer. Unsere<br />
Hel<strong>de</strong>n wer<strong>de</strong>n, auch wenn die<br />
l<strong>et</strong>zten Magazine leergeschossen<br />
sind nicht ruhen, bis sie<br />
auch <strong>de</strong>m l<strong>et</strong>zten Verbrecher die<br />
tödliche Lektion erteilt haben. "<br />
N.M.<br />
Aus: blätter <strong>de</strong>s Iz3w, Nr.141,<br />
1987<br />
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Il<br />
WORLD<br />
REPORT<br />
New recruits to an age-old war for freedom are doing Iran's work in Iraq's mountains<br />
Kurds locked<br />
in one more<br />
losingwar?<br />
Baghdad<br />
• Fierce Kurdish tribesmen, the romantic<br />
rebels who have fought for<br />
centuries for their own nation with-<br />
out ever winning, are on the march ~<br />
again in the rugged mountains of ~<br />
northeastern Iraq. This time, their ~<br />
brothers are stirring in Turkey and ~<br />
Iran, too, and for the first time in<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>m memory, Kurds are at war<br />
with all three nations at once. But<br />
they are pawns in a larger struggl<strong>et</strong>he<br />
Iraq-Iran War-and when that<br />
ends, the Kurds and their dream<br />
will surely be crushed.<br />
Although Iraq dismisses the revolt<br />
as a minor distraction, the<br />
Kurds-drawing support from Iran<br />
-have opened a valuable second<br />
front for Teheran. Iranians fight<br />
alongsi<strong>de</strong> them in some areas, and<br />
the uprising has diverted 25,000<br />
Iraqi troops from an already thin<br />
750-mile-long front. The rebels<br />
claim to have tripled in recent<br />
months the area they control.<br />
Guarding the pipeline<br />
Recent Kurdish hit-and-run raids<br />
along the key highway to Turkey<br />
have siphoned off a division of Iraqi<br />
troops to guard the vital oil pipeline<br />
buried alongsi<strong>de</strong> the road. The pipeline<br />
carries more than half of Iraq's<br />
oil exports from the Kirkuk oil<br />
fields to the Turkish port of Dortyol<br />
and earns the money that fuels<br />
Iraq's war machine. If the Kurds<br />
should cut it, the consequences for<br />
Baghdad would be <strong>de</strong>vastating.<br />
Iraq has r<strong>et</strong>aliated with scorche<strong>de</strong>arth<br />
tactics, using helicopter gunships,<br />
j<strong>et</strong> fighters and artillery to raze<br />
Kurdish villages. A<br />
Western diplomat reports<br />
seeing dozens of<br />
villages empty along the<br />
highway to Baghdad.<br />
Half a million Kurds<br />
have been forcibly res<strong>et</strong>tled.<br />
Villagers tell<br />
tales of atrocities and<br />
say that hundreds of<br />
children have been taken<br />
hostage because their<br />
relatives joined the<br />
guerrillas. Survivors<br />
can only strap their<br />
Kurdish rebel recruits at training camp on Iraq-Iran bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
children to horses and flee <strong>de</strong>eper into<br />
the sheltering mountains.<br />
Iraq's 4 million Kurds are only one<br />
part of a people without a country<br />
who live in an area as big as France,<br />
. ranging from eastern Turkey (8 million<br />
Kurds) to northwestern Iran (6<br />
million). Small bands live in Syria and<br />
Sovi<strong>et</strong> Armenia. Fiercely proud of<br />
their language, literature and history,<br />
the Kurds claim to have been fighting<br />
for 4,000 years. Only twice have they<br />
come close to winning a nation of<br />
their own. The Treaty of Sèvres in<br />
1920 provi<strong>de</strong>d for a state in Kurdish<br />
areas of the old Ottoman Empire, but<br />
that was wiped out by Kemal Ataturk,<br />
the foun<strong>de</strong>r of mo<strong>de</strong>rn Turkey.<br />
And in 1945 the Kurds s<strong>et</strong> up the<br />
short-lived state of Mahabad in Iran.<br />
The greatest Kurdish hero was Saladin,<br />
who <strong>de</strong>feated the crusa<strong>de</strong>rs and<br />
recaptured Jerusalem for the Moslems<br />
800 years ago. But the mo<strong>de</strong>rn<br />
image of the Kurdish rebel-turbaned,<br />
baggy-trousered, draped in<br />
bandoleers-was shaped by Mustafa<br />
Barzani, who died a bitter exile in<br />
Washington in 1979. His rebellion<br />
against Iraq was snuffed out after his<br />
on<strong>et</strong>ime patrons-the United States<br />
and the Shah of Iran-abandoned<br />
him following a 1975 bor<strong>de</strong>r agreement<br />
that temporarily halted the<br />
Iraq-Iran feud. That <strong>de</strong>al doomed the<br />
Kurds to a rapid <strong>de</strong>feat in which<br />
thousands died, but its later collapse<br />
opened the way to the current war.<br />
Those who face <strong>de</strong>ath<br />
Leading the new Kurdish uprising<br />
is Barzani's son, Massoud,<br />
whose guerrillas call themselves the<br />
pesh mergas -"those who face<br />
<strong>de</strong>ath." They carry a new generation<br />
of lightweight weaponry-shoul<strong>de</strong>rheld<br />
SAM-7 missiles, Doshka machine<br />
guns and Hungarian-ma<strong>de</strong><br />
AK-47 rifles-that are smuggled by<br />
mule caravan over mountain trails<br />
from Iran.<br />
The Kurds are more united than<br />
ever, both within Iraq where rival<br />
factions are cooperating and across<br />
political frontiers. This is a matter of<br />
<strong>de</strong>ep concern to Turkey, which has<br />
its own Kurdish problem. Turkish<br />
troops som<strong>et</strong>imes cross into Iraq in<br />
pursuit of Turkish Kurds. This summer,<br />
there were two massacres of<br />
Kurdish villagers suspected of collaborating<br />
with the Turkish regime.<br />
Other Kurds, supplied by Iraq, are<br />
fighting Iran. But these alliances<br />
could hardly survive peace b<strong>et</strong>ween<br />
Iran and Iraq. When that comes, Çlll<br />
three governments will surely turn<br />
full fury on the Kurds.<br />
Even so, neither brutal repression<br />
nor the prospect of certain <strong>de</strong>feat<br />
seems to faze the Kurds. They travel<br />
light over mountain trails, toting<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rn rifles and shortwave radios,<br />
singing mournful old songs of lost<br />
love and <strong>de</strong>ath-a new generation of<br />
a people who do not officially exist,<br />
fulfilling their <strong>de</strong>stiny to die for a<br />
nation that never was. •<br />
by John<br />
Barnes<br />
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT.Nov. 9.1987 0<br />
29
•<br />
AHURKA N.OVIEHBRE 1987<br />
KURDISTAN • •<br />
Raz.a<strong>de</strong><br />
Senores y Guerreros<br />
Una tar<strong>de</strong> lIegué a una tierra lIamada Kurdistan.<br />
Una naci6n sin existencia en los mapas, sin<br />
nombre en las voces <strong>de</strong> aquéllos que la niegan.<br />
Es un nombre que se repite como leyenda confundiéndose<br />
entre fronteras <strong>de</strong>limitadas par extranjeros.<br />
Es un pueblo que se reconoce en' su<br />
pertenencia, en su forma <strong>de</strong> eaminar, <strong>de</strong> sonreir<br />
y mirar.<br />
si6n francesa para seguir un instante <strong>de</strong> la vida y la lucha <strong>de</strong> los <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong> Iran. En el aeropuerto <strong>de</strong> Orly cada pasajero y cada mal<strong>et</strong>a es registrada.<br />
No es posible subir al avi6n ningun tipo <strong>de</strong> paqu<strong>et</strong>e. Eltemor <strong>de</strong><br />
los secuestros aéreos y atentados se lee en los rostros dal servicio <strong>de</strong><br />
seguridad francés. Aun no hemos partido y ya la guerra se hace sentir.<br />
L1egamoscon la noche a Bagdad. La primera impresion es inesperada.<br />
Ante nosotros se <strong>de</strong>spliega un hermoso aeropuerto .<strong>de</strong> arquitec-<br />
30<br />
Los kurdos son un pueblo <strong>de</strong> veinte millones<br />
<strong>de</strong> habitantes cuyas tierras EIStandivididas entre<br />
las fronteras <strong>de</strong> cuatro pa;ses: Turquia, Iran,<br />
Irak y Siria (en URSS viven 250.000).<br />
Son los lIamados "hijos dl! los Medos", guardianes<br />
<strong>de</strong>i templo <strong>de</strong> Zaratustra'. Su lengua pertenece<br />
a la rama irani <strong>de</strong>i indoeJropeo, quizas sea<br />
una <strong>de</strong>rivaci6n <strong>de</strong>i Avesta, lengua en la cuaJZaratustra<br />
transmiti6 su mensaje. Perséguidos <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong><br />
tlempos remotos, han encontrado refugio en<br />
sus montanas. Cuenta el Sharaf Nameh, un<br />
texto hist6rico kurdo escrito en persa a finales<br />
<strong>de</strong>i siglo XVI, que existia un tirano lIamado<br />
"Zohhak" <strong>de</strong> cuyos hombros brotaban dos serplantes<br />
a las cuales habia que alimentarlas cada<br />
dia con el cerebro <strong>de</strong> un joven. Para evitar el exterminio<br />
<strong>de</strong> los j6venes, <strong>de</strong>cidieron enganar al<br />
tirano dandole a una serpiente un cerebro humano<br />
y a la otra el <strong>de</strong> un cor<strong>de</strong>ro, <strong>de</strong> manera que<br />
cada dia un joven pudiese escaparse hacia las<br />
montanas y asi perp<strong>et</strong>uar la raza kurda. Esta es<br />
una <strong>de</strong> las muchas leyendas que intenta explicar<br />
el origan <strong>de</strong> la i<strong>de</strong>ntidad kurda, la cual se confun<strong>de</strong><br />
antre los pliegues <strong>de</strong>i tiempo y la memoria y<br />
que ellos reconocen como una entidad cultural<br />
<strong>de</strong>finida.<br />
.<br />
La historia los ha mantenido entre montanas,<br />
leJos<strong>de</strong>l paso vertiginoso <strong>de</strong>l tie(T1poocci<strong>de</strong>ntal.<br />
Cercano y distante, esta.pueblo ha d<strong>et</strong>enido su<br />
tiempo entre rocas y' sen<strong>de</strong>ros inyentados por<br />
aquéllos que transitan laregi6n. Hoy dia conjugan<br />
dos tiempos: el suyo, marcado por una lucha<br />
qua prolonga la larga guerra Iibrada por sus<br />
ancestros, y el tiempo que siQuen <strong>de</strong> una forma<br />
tangenciallosocci<strong>de</strong>ntales Ii través <strong>de</strong>l conflicto<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Golfo Pérsico.<br />
Las repercusiones <strong>de</strong> la guerra antre Iran e<br />
Irak se hacen evi<strong>de</strong>ntes <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> los primeros momentos<br />
<strong>de</strong> mi viaje. Parto con un equipo <strong>de</strong> televi.<br />
IRAK<br />
URSS<br />
Defta, • Cu_ GenereI.<br />
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AHURKA<br />
(suite)<br />
tura mo<strong>de</strong>ma que integra annoniosamente los rasgos<br />
érabes. Nos espera el representante <strong>de</strong>l Partido Democré.<br />
tico <strong>de</strong>l Kurdistén Irani (PDKI), a través <strong>de</strong>l cual fue orga.<br />
nizado el viaie. Nuestros pasaportes <strong>de</strong>sapareeen entre las<br />
manas <strong>de</strong> la policia iraqul. auedamos sin documentas a par.<br />
tir <strong>de</strong> esa noche.<br />
Des<strong>de</strong> el primer instante aparecen r<strong>et</strong>ratos <strong>de</strong> Sadam<br />
Hussein en todas las formas: sonriendo, en uniforme, con 0<br />
sin gafas <strong>de</strong> sol, rezando, saludando, <strong>et</strong>c. Su presencia es<br />
constante. AI sahr <strong>de</strong>i aeropueno uno espera percatarse <strong>de</strong><br />
los efectos <strong>de</strong>i conllicto actual, ya que Bagdad ha sido bom.<br />
bar<strong>de</strong>ada varias veces durante la "guerra <strong>de</strong> las ciuda<strong>de</strong>s".<br />
Pero apenas unas barricadas <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>fensa antiaérea en torno<br />
al aeropuerto <strong>de</strong>latan la existencia <strong>de</strong> la guerra. la ciudad<br />
se extien<strong>de</strong> entre luces mientras la vida continua normal y<br />
cotidlana ..<br />
CAMINO DE GERMIAN, ' '<br />
TIERRA CALIENTE DEl KURDISTAN "<br />
AI dia siguiente panimos con un calor pesado y un sol<br />
vertIcal hacia Kirkuk, ciudad p<strong>et</strong>rolera <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan. El pai.<br />
saje que atravesamos .es muy panicular. El cielo se confun<strong>de</strong><br />
entre un azul y gris, quizés por reflejo <strong>de</strong> la éspera y<br />
seca tierra <strong>de</strong>l cual emerge. Hombres en batolas y turbantes<br />
y mujeres como negros cuervos cruzando la autopista<br />
me confirman que estoy en tierra érabe. Las casas incrustadas<br />
en el paisaje surgen a 10largo <strong>de</strong> rutas polvorientas.<br />
Todo es un mismo color, incluso la guerra que continua oculta<br />
en el gri~;<strong>de</strong> la tierra.<br />
A medida que nos aproximamos al Kurdistân cambia la<br />
vestimenta y la otra guerra, la <strong>de</strong>i gobierno iraqui contra lOS<br />
kurdos <strong>de</strong> I"ak, se haee evi<strong>de</strong>nte. Esta zona esté totalmente<br />
militariza.:1a. Hay cantidad <strong>de</strong> bases, tanques, camiones,<br />
alcabalas y hombres annados. Por primera vez nos hablan<br />
<strong>de</strong> los "djasl," (literalmente significa asno), quienes colabo.<br />
ran con el r'gimen contra los propios kurdos. la existencia<br />
<strong>de</strong> las tribu~: <strong>de</strong> "djash" es panlcularmente notoria en el<br />
Kurdistân iraquf. Estas tribus forman milicias privadas dirigidas<br />
par su jefe kurdo. El gobierno <strong>de</strong> Irak les paga a los<br />
"djash" par pelear y controlar a los kurdos insurgentes que<br />
se opanen al régimen.<br />
En Irak, los kurdos han tenido mâs reconocimiento que<br />
en los otros palses. Se les reconoce como entidad, tienen<br />
escuelas y universida<strong>de</strong>s. y gozan <strong>de</strong> eiena autonomla. Sin<br />
embargo. son perseguidos y forzados a abandonar algunas<br />
zonas <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan. El partido kurdo <strong>de</strong> opasiCl6n mâs fuerte<br />
es la Uni6n Patri6tica <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistân (UPK), dirigido par<br />
Jalal Talabani, quien mantiene una guerra feroz contra el<br />
régi men <strong>de</strong> Sadam Hussein. Este partido (1) mantiene excelentes<br />
relaclones con los kurdos <strong>de</strong> Irân <strong>de</strong>i POKt, qUien<br />
a su vez tiene relaciones con el gobierno iraqul. Tai situaci6n<br />
le permite al PDKI movilizarse en el exterior y, a<strong>de</strong>mas.<br />
asegurar la entrada <strong>de</strong> armas, médicos, periodistas y la solidaridad<br />
internacional en su lucha contra el régi men <strong>de</strong><br />
'Jomeini.<br />
Prosigo mi viaie a través <strong>de</strong> la tierra caliente. las montafias<br />
comienzan a apareeer. la tierra se vue Ive amarilla y<br />
los cardos se levantan gran<strong>de</strong>s y azules como sonrisa en la<br />
sequla. la guerra se siente. No es posible fotografiar ni filmar.<br />
Las montanas van creciendo. nunca terminan, siempre<br />
hay una nueva que aparece. Este seria para ml el d<strong>et</strong>alle<br />
constante que perfila la fonna <strong>de</strong> ser <strong>de</strong>i kurdo.<br />
L1egamos a Kirkuk. Aqul existe una plaza Ilamada Baba<br />
Gorgor que en la antigüedad tue consi<strong>de</strong>rada coma el Iùgar<br />
santo <strong>de</strong> los zaratustrianos, guardianes <strong>de</strong>l fuego divino.<br />
Acé no tenlan neeesidad <strong>de</strong> montar guardia pues el fuego<br />
sagrado nunca se extingula. brotaba en pequenas llamas<br />
<strong>de</strong>i fonda <strong>de</strong> la tierra para ser adorado por sus seguidores.<br />
Kirkuk mantuvo su nombre sacro a pesar <strong>de</strong> las guerras, <strong>de</strong><br />
la calda <strong>de</strong> sus dioses y <strong>de</strong> la lIegada <strong>de</strong>i Islam, pero no resisti6<br />
la llegada <strong>de</strong>i siglo XX, que en nombre <strong>de</strong>i progreso<br />
logr6 <strong>de</strong>sacralizar a la <strong>de</strong>idad ya casi olvidada. En 1925, un<br />
armenio lIamado Gulbanklan <strong>de</strong>scubre que bajo este fuego<br />
<strong>et</strong>erno se halla un enorme yacimiento <strong>de</strong> p<strong>et</strong>r6leo, el oro<br />
negro <strong>de</strong> Ooc:i<strong>de</strong>nte;<br />
Esta pane <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistân entonces no era <strong>de</strong> interés para<br />
los Aliados que se estaban repaniendo el mundo. los ingleses<br />
que dominaban esta zona apayaban la in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ncia<br />
kurda, pero cuando Gulbankian les ofreci6 el secr<strong>et</strong>a <strong>de</strong> la<br />
ciudad, éstos olvidaron sus promesas. En 1927 lundan la<br />
IPC (Irakian P<strong>et</strong>roleum Company, anglo-americanar con el<br />
fin <strong>de</strong> explotar el fil6n <strong>de</strong>i armenio, quien recibira en recompensa<br />
el 5% <strong>de</strong> las ganancias <strong>de</strong> la concesi6n p<strong>et</strong>rolera.<br />
Gulbankian pasa a la historia con el nombre <strong>de</strong> Mr. Five Percent,<br />
mientras KirKuk es <strong>de</strong>spajada <strong>de</strong> su fuego para con.<br />
venirse en una ciudad venerada por los intereses <strong>de</strong> los<br />
po<strong>de</strong>res intemacionales.<br />
Entre polvo y montaflas proseguimos nuestro viaie. De<br />
pronto un ruido seco y seguido parece salir <strong>de</strong>llado <strong>de</strong>reeho<br />
<strong>de</strong>i Toyota. Son los primeras disparas <strong>de</strong> Kalashnikov que<br />
eseucho. Me pregunto <strong>de</strong> nuevo c6mo habré <strong>de</strong> reaccionar<br />
frente a la guerra. Esta todavia sigue sienda abstracta, es<br />
una mueca que se <strong>de</strong>sllza sin mostrarse <strong>de</strong>i todo.<br />
Nos vamos acercando al campamento <strong>de</strong> los Mujaidines,<br />
que yace c~rca <strong>de</strong> un ria. Un puente muy bajo nos<br />
permite cruzar. Otra vida aparece. los pastores y sus rebanos<br />
atraviesan las colinas contiguas mientras niflos y mujeres<br />
chapueean en el agua. Hemos Ilegado al ultimo puebla,<br />
Careza, controlado por los iraqules. A panir <strong>de</strong> ahl entramos<br />
en la Ilamada "tierra <strong>de</strong> nadie", don<strong>de</strong> resi<strong>de</strong> gran parte <strong>de</strong> la<br />
opasiCi6n irani, los kurdos <strong>de</strong>i UPK Y los <strong>de</strong>i POKt.<br />
En estas 15 kil6m<strong>et</strong>ros <strong>de</strong> nadie estâ situado el"Da1tar",<br />
Cuanel Gênerai <strong>de</strong>i POKt. Esta zona, en los an os 70. era un<br />
puebla <strong>de</strong> trescientas familias controlado par el jefe kurdo<br />
iraqui Mustafa Barzani, quien habia estableeldo una alianza<br />
con el Sha dE' Iran contra el régi men <strong>de</strong> Bagdad. Pero en<br />
1975 se negoci6 la paz entre Irân e Irak, Barzani al quedarse<br />
sin el apoyo <strong>de</strong>i Sha se rin<strong>de</strong> y escapa. El gobierno<br />
iraqul, entonGes, <strong>de</strong>struy6 el pueblo entero, quemando las<br />
casas, cerrando los pozos y obligando a la gente a huir. Durante<br />
anos esta regi6n lue consi<strong>de</strong>rada "zona prohibida". El<br />
que fuese encontrado aqui, si sabia leer y escribir era<br />
con<strong>de</strong>nado a muene y si era analfab<strong>et</strong>o era con<strong>de</strong>nado a prisi6n.<br />
El PDKI instal6 en 1984 su Cuanel General entre estas<br />
montanas que aseguran su <strong>de</strong>fensa aèrea. El Secr<strong>et</strong>ario<br />
General <strong>de</strong>i panida, Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, es un hombre<br />
cuita, Mbit politico y estratega militar. Consciente <strong>de</strong><br />
que <strong>de</strong>bido a su situaci6n geopolitica no recibe ayuda <strong>de</strong><br />
ningun gobiemq, cuenta con sus 12.000 hombres armadas.<br />
-A<strong>de</strong>més tenemos el apoYo <strong>de</strong> nuestro puebla y las montanas.<br />
nuestras mejores amigas, nos estén protegiendo., nos<br />
afirma con una sonrisa que revela la confianza que tiene en<br />
el Kurdistén, esa tierra don<strong>de</strong> naeen los guerreros <strong>de</strong> su<br />
memoria ancestral.<br />
AI abrigo <strong>de</strong> estas cerras nos lIega la noche. Grillos y<br />
ranas van ocupando las voces nocturnas mientras allé abaja<br />
algun .peshmerga" (combatiente, significa los que van<br />
a<strong>de</strong>lante <strong>de</strong> la muene) cruza, turbante y Kalashnikov,<br />
--) .. 31
•<br />
AHURKA<br />
(suite)<br />
marcando el ritme <strong>de</strong> la marcha. La guerra como eco r<strong>et</strong>um.<br />
ba por d<strong>et</strong>râs <strong>de</strong> las montal'las. Lo que pUe<strong>de</strong> ser el intierno<br />
alla, <strong>de</strong>i otro lado, aqul es tan solo un leve murmullo confundiéndose<br />
con la calma, que se acuesta en la oscuridad que<br />
. nos racoge, y el aullido <strong>de</strong> los .chacales que pasan a la hora<br />
acostumbrada.<br />
Nuestro viaje al Kurdistan irani coinci<strong>de</strong> con el relevo <strong>de</strong><br />
una parte <strong>de</strong> las tropas <strong>de</strong>i sur, dirigidas per el Co mandante<br />
Abdullah: hombre silencioso cuva mirada Infantil contrasta<br />
con la sombra <strong>de</strong> su barba siempre afeitada. Vestido como<br />
todo "peshmerga", con su traje tradlcional, en color kaki mili.<br />
tar, el comandante es un tlplco representante <strong>de</strong>i hombre<br />
. kurdo. L1eva un turbante blanco, y negro y un largo cintur6n<br />
<strong>de</strong> tela ajustadci en varias vueltas a la cintura que resalta.su<br />
silu<strong>et</strong>a esbelta y elegante. Kalashnikov en bandolera y canana<br />
al torso.<br />
CAMINO DE ZOZAN.' ,<br />
TIERRA FRIA DEL KURDISTAN . 0<br />
A las cinco en punto <strong>de</strong> la tar<strong>de</strong> partimos hacia el<br />
Kurdistan irani. Junto a una gran columna <strong>de</strong>'sesenta "pesh.<br />
mergas" comenzamos a escalar nuestras primeras mon.<br />
tafias pedregosas y escarpadas. lbamos montados sobre<br />
mulas, capaces <strong>de</strong> cargar hasta 120 kilos. L1evan un bozal<br />
sin freno y siguen rigurosamente la fila. Van subiendo en zig<br />
zag, atravesando piedras y lugares muy estrachos. El<br />
"peshmerga" que conducia mi mula cantaba mientras otras<br />
voees resonaban como en respuesta. Cada voz sabia parte.<br />
nacer a estas montaflas, pasaba como colina, piedra, arbol,<br />
rio y sombra, como lamento que intenta encajarse en el aire.<br />
A contrasol pasaban las silu<strong>et</strong>as mientras cada nueva cima<br />
volvia a escon<strong>de</strong>r algun pedazo <strong>de</strong>l sol crepuscular. El ver.<br />
dor brotaba junto a los riachuelos que aumentaban. lbamos<br />
hada la tierra fria <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan.<br />
Después <strong>de</strong> dos horas bor<strong>de</strong>amos un rio repl<strong>et</strong>o <strong>de</strong> homo<br />
bres con mulas cargadas. L1egamos al bazar <strong>de</strong> Miraveh:<br />
punto <strong>de</strong> encuentro entre los contrabandistas <strong>de</strong> Iran e<br />
Irak, quienes con esta actividad aseguran la continuidad<br />
<strong>de</strong>i comercio en lugares como éste, De Irak lIega el arroz, el<br />
té y el aceite y <strong>de</strong> Iran los pistachos, jabones, tapices y<br />
samovares. La guerra para los contrabandistas significa<br />
tan solo un cambio <strong>de</strong> lugar, segun se <strong>de</strong>splacen las<br />
fuerzas y los ataques militares.<br />
Numerosas mulas lIegan a estas tiendas. Cientos <strong>de</strong><br />
hombresconversan, comen "kebab" en medio <strong>de</strong> miles <strong>de</strong><br />
mosca.s mientras otros discuten, beben té 0 juegan a las<br />
cartas. Hay un alboroto que le da al bazar un color muy parti.<br />
cular. La mezcla <strong>de</strong> comerciantes y "peshmergas", reunidos<br />
en un mismo lugar, senala una complicidad que va mas alla<br />
<strong>de</strong> celalquier regia 0 ley impuesta. Aqui la historia prosigue<br />
su propio curso, lejos <strong>de</strong> las querellas y guerras manipula.<br />
das por el exterior. En el bazar se vive intensamente 10 que<br />
pue<strong>de</strong> lIamarse la vida cotidiana <strong>de</strong>i kurdo.<br />
Después <strong>de</strong> tres horas <strong>de</strong> jolgorio nos preparamos para<br />
un viaje que duraria toda la noehe. Pero ya no eran sesenta<br />
"peshmergas" los que nos acompanaban, ahora habra por 10<br />
.menos doscientos hombres. Partimos en cuatro columnas<br />
<strong>de</strong> cincuenta hombres cada una. Paracia imposible lagrar<br />
un or<strong>de</strong>n en el <strong>de</strong>sor<strong>de</strong>n que reinaba en el bazar. Orientaciones<br />
iban y venian a medida que salian los grupos. Des<strong>de</strong><br />
domie estabamos los veiamos serpentear el rio entre las<br />
luces <strong>de</strong> !internas que se prendran y apagaban. Parecra que<br />
una leria se alejaba.<br />
32<br />
Nuestro grupo fue ei ultimo en partir, y yo estaba al.linal.<br />
Ms sentla vuin8~abla puas no vara a ningUn "peshmarga" da-.<br />
très <strong>de</strong> ml a medida que subramos la colina que daba al rio.<br />
Tanto hombres como mulas pisaban seguro en ese camino<br />
oscuro y estrecho. El cielo se abrra inmenso bajo la luna .<br />
Abajo, sonaba' el agua. De pronto a mi costado izquierdo escuché<br />
voces. Eran varios "peshmergas" que protegian el<br />
f1anco que yo crefa <strong>de</strong>sierto.<br />
Fue largo, muy largo el viaje. Las montaMs, siempre su.<br />
biendo, no terminaban nunca. El sentido <strong>de</strong>l horizonte aqur<br />
se trastoca, pues al IIagar a una cima uno constata qCle<br />
siempre hay una montai'la mas por escalar. Las montaf'las,<br />
para el kurdo, son su fiel companara y pOr ellas toda lucha<br />
es impon<strong>de</strong>rable. Elias son ellos, son su i<strong>de</strong>ntidad.<br />
Las mulas subran con diiicultad mientras los hombres<br />
las acuciaban, "jacha te were<strong>de</strong>'" .. L1egamos a una enorme<br />
; mes<strong>et</strong>a ocupada por cientos <strong>de</strong> "peshmergas" y contraban-<br />
. distas. Estos les pagan a los "pashmergas" <strong>de</strong>i PDKI, que'<br />
controlan este pSsaje, un impuesto <strong>de</strong> transito. En esta me.<br />
s<strong>et</strong>a, en medio <strong>de</strong>i fuego entre Iran e Irak, senti por primera<br />
vez que la guerra era real.<br />
Habian pasado cinco horas. El viaje poco a poco se me<br />
convertia en una pesadilla <strong>de</strong> resistencia <strong>de</strong> la cual ya no<br />
me sentia capaz. El viento enfriaba. Eran las dos <strong>de</strong> la ma.<br />
drugada cuando lIegamos a un claro. Entre los susurros <strong>de</strong><br />
los centinelasy las crepitaciones <strong>de</strong> la fogata me dormi. A<br />
las cinco me <strong>de</strong>spert6 el olor a té. Empezaba a clarear. Para<br />
mi gran <strong>de</strong>cepci6n todavia no habiamos entrado a Iran.<br />
Después <strong>de</strong> varias horas <strong>de</strong> polvo, <strong>de</strong> sol, mas sol y calor<br />
lIegamos a la frontera <strong>de</strong>limitada por el rio Choman. AI<br />
cruzar estabamos en la tierra fria <strong>de</strong>i Kurdistan.<br />
En un pueblo cercano a la frontera nos esperaban los<br />
responsables militarl3s <strong>de</strong> la regi6n <strong>de</strong> Baneh, con quienes<br />
racorreriamos durante diez dias la zona. "Kak" (significa her.<br />
mano) Abdullah se separ6 <strong>de</strong> nosotrosal dia siguiente. Iba<br />
hacia el sur para relevar otra unidad. Una semana <strong>de</strong>spués<br />
nos lIeg6 la noticia por radio <strong>de</strong> que habra caïdo en combate.<br />
Esta..es la experiencia cotidiana <strong>de</strong> todo pueblo en lucha.<br />
Vida y muerte son un mismo paso en la ruta <strong>de</strong> estos homo<br />
bres. Tai vez por eso todo suce 50 en la vida <strong>de</strong> un kurdo es<br />
un acto colactivo. Se comparte todo, incluso la intimidad.<br />
El sentido <strong>de</strong> la hospitalidad para ellos es muy im.<br />
portante. Un kurdo nunca le pregunta a un huesped quién<br />
es, a d6n<strong>de</strong> va ni <strong>de</strong> d6n<strong>de</strong> viene, ni cuanto tiempo se queda.<br />
Le of race siempre <strong>de</strong> primero y 10 mejor que tiene. Por<br />
eso cuando los"peshmergas" pasan por los pueblOS sus<br />
habitantes los reciben. La generosidad y <strong>de</strong>sprendimiento<br />
<strong>de</strong> este pueblo, inevitablemente, cuestiona el individualismo<br />
exacerbado que existe en Europa.<br />
LA OPERAClON OURO MENOS DE UNA HORA<br />
V FUE UNA VICTORIA :<br />
La guerrilla <strong>de</strong>l PDKI cambi6 <strong>de</strong> tactica militar en 1980.<br />
Antes tenian bajo su control zonas liberadas y oeupaban<br />
gran parte <strong>de</strong> las ciuda<strong>de</strong>s, pero por razones acon6micas<br />
tales como la incapacidad <strong>de</strong> abastacimiento y la nacesidad<br />
<strong>de</strong> proteger a la poblaci6n civil ante los ataques <strong>de</strong>i enemigo,<br />
dacidieron instalarse en las montài'las. A partir <strong>de</strong> ese<br />
momento \levan una guerra <strong>de</strong> guerrillas: atacan por sorpresa,<br />
\levan a cabo operaciones <strong>de</strong> minaje y a vaces ocupan<br />
alguna base irani con el fin <strong>de</strong> "conliscar" municiones. No.<br />
.sotros pudimos presl'mciar una operaci6n comando que con.<br />
sisti6 en atacar un cami.6n enemigo, cerca <strong>de</strong> una alcabala,<br />
--.
..<br />
..<br />
AHURKA<br />
(suite)<br />
e intligir pérdidas huma.<br />
nas. La operaci6n dur6 me.<br />
nos <strong>de</strong> una hora y tue una<br />
victoria. Hubo ocho muer.<br />
tas iranfes y ninguna vfc.<br />
tima <strong>de</strong>l lado kurdo. los<br />
"peshmergas. se r<strong>et</strong>iraron<br />
por las montanas mientras<br />
<strong>de</strong> las bases iranies lanza.<br />
ban morte ras a diestra y<br />
siniestra. Fue emocionan.<br />
te Ilegar al punto <strong>de</strong> en.<br />
cuentro. Era una inmensa<br />
mes<strong>et</strong>a en media <strong>de</strong> las<br />
monta rias que se perdian<br />
en el honzonte. la tar<strong>de</strong><br />
caia en tonalida<strong>de</strong>s rosas<br />
y naranjas. En medio <strong>de</strong><br />
un claro, los "peshmergas",<br />
armas al suelo, bailaban,<br />
cantaban y gritaban.<br />
Las sombras habian cubierto<br />
los cuerpos sudorosos<br />
por la emcei6n cuando<br />
nos fuimos <strong>de</strong> ahi.<br />
La noche siguiente<br />
cambi6 el panorama militar.<br />
La regi6n <strong>de</strong> Baneh<br />
Carol PrunhJ4ber.<br />
estaba en plena movilizaci6n<br />
por parte <strong>de</strong>i gobierno <strong>de</strong> Jemeini. Alre<strong>de</strong>dor <strong>de</strong> 15000<br />
soldados iranies habian lIegado y ocupaban la zona Los<br />
"peshmergas" se replegaban hacia las montalias mientras<br />
trescientos hombres ocupaban los pueblos para asegurar<br />
su protecci6n. A nosotros nos lIevaron por precauci6n hacia<br />
la frontera iraquf, a un caserio perdido al fondo <strong>de</strong> una<br />
montaria. Ahi pasamos algunos dias esperando notlcias.<br />
Los "peshmergas" habian preparado un ataque que tuvieron<br />
que cancelar pues la ofensiva <strong>de</strong>i régimE'" era evi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
Esperaban <strong>de</strong> un momento a otro un ataquE' y mientras tanto<br />
a nosotros nos mantenian lejos <strong>de</strong>l frente. Del Cuartel<br />
General nos Ilamaron por radio, habra que regresar <strong>de</strong><br />
inmedlato pues la situaci6n se agravaba. Los iranies provocaban<br />
movimientos <strong>de</strong> fuerzas a los cuales los "peshmergas",<br />
menos numerosos, respondian con cambios <strong>de</strong> montalias.<br />
La estrategia irani busca agotar a los "peshmergas",<br />
forzàndolos a caminar <strong>de</strong> valle en valle antes <strong>de</strong> atacarlos.<br />
Gran parte <strong>de</strong> la fuerza <strong>de</strong> los kurdos resi<strong>de</strong> en el conceimiento<br />
que tienen <strong>de</strong> las montarias y en su capacidad <strong>de</strong><br />
recc>rrerlas sin fatigarse.<br />
Una tar<strong>de</strong> fuimos al encuentro <strong>de</strong>l Comandante Ibrahim,<br />
quien nos recibi6 en un cuarto alfombrado y nos ofreci6<br />
unas tazas <strong>de</strong> té que preparaba uno <strong>de</strong> sus "peshmergas".<br />
Su rostro grave escuchaba en silencio la radio, las noticlas<br />
no eran buenas. Teniamos que partir. Viajariamos con un batall6n<br />
que regresaba <strong>de</strong>i sur, el cual habia sido atacado la<br />
noche antenor, con un saldo <strong>de</strong> cuatro muertos y cuatro<br />
hendos. La ultima noche la pasamos en el pueblo <strong>de</strong> Kak<br />
Ibrahim. Ahf compartimos la tensi6n <strong>de</strong> los "peshmergas.<br />
que habian perdido en esa bataIla al Comandante Aliyar,<br />
miembro <strong>de</strong>l Comité Central <strong>de</strong>l Partido. A<strong>de</strong>mâs <strong>de</strong>l dolor <strong>de</strong><br />
estos hombres ante la pérdida <strong>de</strong> sus comparieros, me<br />
conmovi6 la historia <strong>de</strong> Hasân Shiwassali, Comandante <strong>de</strong><br />
la Divisi6n. Cuenta que en media <strong>de</strong>i tiroteo se acerc6 a su<br />
caballo para montar al compai'lero Aliyar que estaba hendo.<br />
Pero su caballo tenia tan apr<strong>et</strong>ada la soga que no logr6 <strong>de</strong>shacer<br />
el nuda. Y mientras 10 intentaba el enemigo le dispar6<br />
al caballo y éste en plena agonia mordi6 suavemente su bra.<br />
"Peshmergas celebrando su victoria". (Kurdisran Iranf, region <strong>de</strong> Baneh)<br />
ZOo Para el Comandante Shiwassali este gesto fue la ultima<br />
expresi6n <strong>de</strong> ternura <strong>de</strong> su caballo, compariero constante<br />
en esta larga guerra. Momentos <strong>de</strong>spués la artilleria enemiga<br />
dlspar6 y el Comandante Aliyar, hendo, y su ayudante<br />
perecieron bajo el tiroteo.<br />
AI dia siguiente salimos muy temprano. No pudimos<br />
<strong>de</strong>spedirnos <strong>de</strong> todos los amigos. A medida que las mulas<br />
avanzaban la nostalgia <strong>de</strong> la separaci6n se me vino encima.<br />
Des<strong>de</strong> ya me hada falta esa forma suave y gentil <strong>de</strong> esta<br />
raza <strong>de</strong> seriores y guerreros que combaten por su tierra y<br />
su i<strong>de</strong>ntidad. Esta tierra cuyos pueblos son tan Solo una<br />
forma <strong>de</strong> nombrar la morada que se busca entre golpe <strong>de</strong> sol<br />
y <strong>de</strong> piedras, es el verda<strong>de</strong>ro rostro <strong>de</strong> la ternura. Guardianes<br />
<strong>de</strong> estas montanas, los kurdos cruzan su tierra con una<br />
voz que rapite su historia <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> el comlenzo. Estas montafias<br />
tienen costumbre <strong>de</strong> guerra y <strong>de</strong> canto, qUlzas el<br />
reposo los espere cuanda el t1empo se <strong>de</strong>vuelva sobre si.<br />
Par ahara continuan celebrando la vida a través <strong>de</strong> la poesia:<br />
"Kurdistan, no hay nada màs hermosa que morir por ti.<br />
Ser seflor en nuestra casa y orgullosamente cantar en<br />
kurdo.<br />
En la llama <strong>de</strong> nuestras armas celebramos la gloria<br />
<strong>de</strong> nuestra raza rrlilenaria, <strong>de</strong> nuestra tierra querlda.<br />
Ser libre, amar, creer y mom.<br />
Preguntale a la fuente, ella te dirà<br />
que en su murmullo vacan mil suspiros,<br />
millâgrimas: mil reoeliones y mil esperanzas."<br />
(poesia popular)<br />
CarOl Prunhuber<br />
(1) Actualmente mantiene también relaciones con el<br />
gobierr'lO iranI.<br />
33
TercùmllIl 7 lerarlsl ~ölduru u 4. 11.87 r<br />
Cizre-$lrnak qraslndà operasyonlan""sUrdüren güv~nlik ..<br />
.kuvv<strong>et</strong>/<strong>et</strong>inin Hteslim 01" çagnslna eiklya ate$le cevap verdi<br />
7'" ~. ' ...... van...... dunaln .. ...,u<br />
Cizre~lrnak araslnda operasyonlarJnIsOrdOrengO-' SOperVall KozakçlOOlu,artlk e~klyanln eylem<br />
venlik kuw<strong>et</strong>lerl, Karhtepe mevklln<strong>de</strong> 14 terörlst Ile yapmasini beklemeylp, sOrdOrOlenoperasyonkar~lla~tl.<br />
GOvenlikkuvv<strong>et</strong>le~ln "Tes11m01" çaOrJ- Jarlaher ver<strong>de</strong> Slkl~tlrrldlOInIsöyledi. Köy korusma<br />
teröristlerin ate~le cevap vermesl Ozerine Çl- culanna verlIen cephane mlktarJartlrlhrken, yakan<br />
sllâhhçatl~ma sonunda1terörlst OldOrOIdO. 7'sl klnda koruculara el bombasl da verllecelt '<br />
<strong>de</strong> kaÇtl, blr OsteOmen~ehlt oldu ' , ' " '<br />
I<br />
..<br />
NUSAYBtN, (Tercüman)-<br />
Mardin'in Cizre i1çesi yakm.<br />
lanndaki Karhtepe mevkiin<strong>de</strong><br />
gUvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>leriyle ça.<br />
lIsmaya ,giren' 7 terörist ölU<br />
olarak eie geçirildi. çatlsmada<br />
bii' Uste~IIien sehit oldu.<br />
A1inan bilgiye göre, dUn<br />
saat 15.00 slra1aï-inda Cizre-<br />
~Irnak arasmdaki Karhtepe<br />
mevkiin<strong>de</strong> operasyonlanm<br />
.sürdüren güvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>leri,<br />
sayJlar! 14 o]an bir terörist<br />
grubuyla karSliastI. Güvenlik<br />
kuvv<strong>et</strong>lerinin "Teslim 01"<br />
ça~sma teröristlerin atesle,<br />
Terciim.a.V<br />
E~k.va'üçgene<br />
hapsedildi<br />
D tYARBAKIR. Olaganüstü<br />
Hal Böige Valisi Hayii<br />
Kozakçlo~lu, aynhkçl PKK<br />
milifanlannm harek<strong>et</strong> alamm<br />
~lmak.Eruh-Ulu<strong>de</strong>re üçgeni<br />
ile Slmrladlklanm söyledi.<br />
KozakçlO~lu,. "Aruk esklyamn<br />
eylem yapmasml beklemiyoruz.<br />
Özel timlerle biz<br />
onlan anyoruz" <strong>de</strong>di. KozakÇlO~U,<br />
aynca köy korueutanna<br />
verilen kursun sayISlnln<br />
àrtmllicallml, el bombai a-<br />
n dagltllaca~nI, egitimlerine<br />
aguilk verilecegini, böyleee<br />
bu müessesenil) güçlendirileeegini<br />
açlkladl. Vali, GüneydORU<br />
Anadolu Bölgesi'ni<br />
ekonomik .yön<strong>de</strong>n güçlendirmeyi<br />
he<strong>de</strong>flediklerini <strong>de</strong> söy-<br />
Iedi.<br />
~lhk vennesi sonucu çaUSma<br />
çlktl. Çlkan çatlsma 50-<br />
nueu teröristler<strong>de</strong>n 7'si, ölU<br />
olarak e1egeçirildi. Diger 7 te-<br />
'röristin ise kaçtlgl belirtildi.<br />
çatlsma esnasmda üstegmen<br />
Feral Ahm sehit oldll,<br />
$IRNAK'TA J YARALI<br />
Siirt 'in ~Irnak ilçesine bag.,<br />
Il Amhms köyün<strong>de</strong> la\' silâht<br />
mermisinin patlamasl sonuèu<br />
üç kiSi yaralandl.<br />
AmlmlS köyün<strong>de</strong> oturan<br />
Mabmut A~lar, köy yakmlannda<br />
arazi<strong>de</strong> buldugu lav<br />
Kozakçlo~lu, göreve bastadlgl<br />
gün<strong>de</strong>n bu yana geçen<br />
sUre için<strong>de</strong>ki gelismeler kanu,<br />
sundaki sorulan söyle eevap'<br />
landlrdl:<br />
,Soru: Köy korueulu~u mü.<br />
eSse5esi hakkmda çesitli eies'<br />
tiruer ~r. BazI kanun kliçak.<br />
lanmn köy 'korucusu yapLldl'<br />
gl öne sürü!üyor. Bu sistemi<br />
sürdürme konusunda Israrh<br />
mlsmlZ?<br />
Koçakçl~u: Geçmiste köv .<br />
korueularl seçilirken bazi hataJar<br />
yaplldlgl do~rudur. Biz<br />
simdi bu hatalan düzeltiyo.<br />
ruz. Bu göreve layJk olma'<br />
yanlan tasfiye ediyoruz. Bu<br />
sistemi sürdürme konusunda<br />
IsrarhylZ. Faydah olduguna<br />
inamyoruz.Oyle olmasa, es.<br />
4.11.87<br />
klya hep bunlara saldlrmaz.<br />
dl. _<br />
Soru: BazI kisilerin güven.<br />
lik kuvv<strong>et</strong>lerinin basklslyla<br />
küy korueusu yaplldlgl iddialan<br />
dogru mu?<br />
KozakçlOglu: "GönU!lO nlmayam<br />
korucu yapmayrn"<br />
diye lalimat \'erdik. istemeye,<br />
Ili zorlamtyoruz. Ama taliplisi<br />
çok. Köy yerin<strong>de</strong> 80,90<br />
bill lira ai para' <strong>de</strong>gil.<br />
Sorù:, Hükûm<strong>et</strong>len gerek.<br />
Ii ilgiri görüyor musunllz?<br />
Bekledi~iniz araç \'e gereçler<br />
I(ön<strong>de</strong>riliy'or mu?<br />
K"lak~l()g,lu: Hükümel ge.<br />
rekli il~i ve hassasiy<strong>et</strong>i gösïeriYaL<br />
ISledigimiz araç \'c g.ereeler<br />
pey<strong>de</strong>r'pey geliyor.<br />
1.:i'l11J araç!a'r, gece dürbünle.<br />
"ri. helikopterler pey<strong>de</strong>rpey gelIyor.<br />
Kar ü~tü araçlanrmz da<br />
yakmda gelecek. Avnca billgenin<br />
ck0nomi,k 'yaplsmlll<br />
mermisinj evine g<strong>et</strong>irdi. Eviri<strong>de</strong><br />
mermi ile oynayan Mah~<br />
mut Aglar, merminin patlamas!<br />
sonueu, agir yaralandl:<br />
Patlama slrasmda ev<strong>de</strong> bulu,<br />
nan Hm Alaba~' ile kimligi<br />
belirlenemcyen bir kiSi daha<br />
yaralandl,<br />
düzeltilriIèsi için <strong>de</strong> hükûm<strong>et</strong>le<br />
iSbiriigi yaplyoruz.. Olaylann<br />
önJenmesi, büyük çapta ..<br />
buna bagh,<br />
SOflI: BaZI santiyeler baSI'"<br />
hyor. is makinalan Y'dklhyor. ':<br />
Bu eylemler yutmmlan engel.'<br />
lemeye mi yönelik, bunu na-,:<br />
511 <strong>de</strong>gerlendiriyorsunuz?<br />
KozakçlO~lu: Teröristlcr<br />
.bütün çabalan ile bu \'allnm-<br />
Ian engellemeye \'e geeiktir.<br />
meye çahSlyorlar. "HalklanyunaYlm"<br />
diyen terörisf, hal-.<br />
ka hiz.m<strong>et</strong> götürülmesini iSle-,<br />
miyor. Hizm<strong>et</strong>in gelmemesini<br />
kendi menfaaü için istiyor.<br />
Hizm<strong>et</strong> gelmesin ki, <strong>de</strong>\'l<strong>et</strong>in<br />
güvenlik gücU 'oraya gel mesin,<br />
0 da rahat harek<strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>et</strong>sin.<br />
34<br />
Hûrriu<strong>et</strong><br />
. ...;:- 4.11.87 D<br />
, Süper Vali müj<strong>de</strong> verdi: "Elklya Slklltl"<br />
KOruculara;<br />
elbombasl'<br />
• Kozakçloglu, PKK'nin arlik eylem yapmaSln1<br />
beklemediklerini açlklarken,<br />
"Özel timlerle biz onlan anyoruz"<br />
<strong>de</strong>di. Apo' nun, örgütüne "sempatizan<br />
'-kazanma" talimatl verdigi bildirildi.<br />
tYARBAKIR - VAN, (hha-ANKA)-<br />
Olaganüslü Hal Böige \'a!isi Hayri KozakÇlOglu,<br />
aynhkç' PKK mililanlanmn hare.<br />
kel ala1ll1ll~lmak-EnIh-Ulu<strong>de</strong>re üçgcniyle<br />
sl1llrladlklan1ll sö<strong>de</strong>di.<br />
KozakçlOglu,' "Artlk e~lqyanln eylem<br />
yapmaslnl beklemiyoruz. Ozel tirn]erle<br />
biz onlarl anyonIz" <strong>de</strong>di. KozakçlOglu,<br />
aynca köy ,korucularma \'erilen kU~lIn saYI'<br />
Sl1lln artlrllacagml. el' bombalan dagllilaca.<br />
gml. egitimlerine aglrhk verilecegini. böylece<br />
bu müessesenin güçlendirileœgini 'açlkladl.<br />
\'ali. Güneydogu Anadolu Bölgesi'ni ekono,<br />
mik yön<strong>de</strong>n güçlendinneyi hed<strong>et</strong>lediklcrini <strong>de</strong><br />
sövledi,<br />
, Güneydogu .-\nadolu Bölgesi'n<strong>de</strong> son blr<br />
ylida yapllklan toplu katiamlarla kamuoyu.<br />
llUll nefrelÎni kazanan bölücü PKK örgülü<br />
militanlarmm. li<strong>de</strong>rleri Abdullah ÙCalan',1'\<br />
(Apo) talimallyla eylemlerin<strong>de</strong> taktik dci:i~:<br />
lirdikleri belirlendi. '<br />
Kom~u ülkeler<strong>de</strong>ki- kamplarda egilildiklen<br />
sonra. bölgeye gön<strong>de</strong>rilen teroristlere moral<br />
vennek \'e ontan yeni<strong>de</strong>n toparlamak :çin<br />
taba gösteren ~r örgülünun li<strong>de</strong>rÎ Abdullah<br />
Oealan, "kaYlplann en az dü:œve indiriJmcsi<br />
ve yeni sempatizan kaiiuulmaSl"<br />
yolunda harek<strong>et</strong> edilmesi lalima1l1ll verdi,
•<br />
...<br />
Öldürülen 7 PKK1CI eleba$1<br />
.eizre yaklnlanndaki Carita Tepesi'nrle<br />
-meydana gelen çatl$mada öldürülenlerin<br />
ARGK'nmböige komutan, Nlzam<strong>et</strong>tin<br />
Ta$, diger 6 kl$inln <strong>de</strong> üst<br />
duzey görevliler Oldugu saptandl<br />
~ .s.:.....u;. ' .-<br />
, -. Slraç ÇALlK"".~ÀRaltf (MIL-H'A) I<br />
f"iilKK'nm, Mardin'in Cim ilçesi yakmlannda<br />
Lß oneeki gun çlkan çaulmada, son ylliann en<br />
apr darbcsini yediji belirlendi.<br />
Selmik mW8S1 Garita Tepesi'n<strong>de</strong>ki Ç8llpuada öldürùlen<br />
7 PKK militaDindan l'iDin, öraÏltün .. vq<br />
konseyi ve askeri kanad. ARGK'mn bölJe komutaru<br />
N1zam<strong>et</strong>tID Tq oldugu saptandJ, PICK ldiJ-MidY81<br />
sorumlusu bomba uzmaDi Abdurrabm80 Motor,<br />
merkez konseyi üyesi ve ARGK Mardin böige 50-<br />
rumlusu HaIlI Kaya, Sürt böige sorumlusu Naif Ydmil,<br />
Sürt birimi üst düuy gorevlisi Selabattla Güa,<br />
merkez konseyi üyesi "Gözlüklü ~mal" kod adIJ<br />
Hüseyin Engiuk <strong>de</strong> oldürùlen teroristler arasmda<br />
bulunuyor, Ùlü eie geçirilen teroristler<strong>de</strong>n l'inin kimli~<br />
saptanamadl.<br />
SURlvE'OEN<br />
TALIMATLAR<br />
Soz konusu teroristlerin, Garita Tepesi'n<strong>de</strong> merkez<br />
konseyi üyesi Hüseyin Engizek'in Suriye'<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
l'KK üst duzey yon<strong>et</strong>ieilerin<strong>de</strong>n g<strong>et</strong>irdigi ta/imatian<br />
almak üzere toplanclJklan belirlendi, Edinilen bilgiye<br />
gore, güvenlik güçlerinin Ylldmm harekâundan<br />
nnce Hüseyin Enl:izek, dlger PKK eleba,lanndan<br />
Surive'<strong>de</strong>kl bir kampta ahnan son kararlan anlauyür:orgul<br />
II<strong>de</strong>n AbduUab Öcalan'm (Apo) son ta-<br />
IImallanm ileuyordu,<br />
uç BUÇUK SAAT ÇATI~MA<br />
Guvenlik guçlerinin Garita Tepesi'ni kUlatmasl<br />
le çaulma tam uç buçuk saat sürdü, Koy korueularmm<br />
da kauldip çaulmada Üstejmen Feral Altun<br />
lerunstler<strong>de</strong>n Abclurrabman Motor'un kurlunJanyla<br />
jehit edildi, 7 PKK eleballsl ter orist • çatllmanm sonunda<br />
teoeYl terk e<strong>de</strong>meyerek ölü eie geçirildiler,<br />
SiLAH DEPOSU GIBI<br />
Öldürulen PKK eleballannm üzerin<strong>de</strong> 7 ad<strong>et</strong><br />
uzun namlulu Kalalnikof, lad<strong>et</strong> tabanea, 5 ad<strong>et</strong><br />
S0vy<strong>et</strong> yaplsl bomba, 2 ad<strong>et</strong> Çin yaplsl el bombasl,<br />
! a<strong>de</strong>l aDiitank mayml, bol miklarda dolu ve bo,<br />
IÎjck, gi7.1ibazi orgütse! d,'kumanla~, eylem planla.<br />
r • ,I,' ," r :I:~'<br />
SOPER VAll OLAV YERINDE<br />
Olaganüstü Hal Böige Valisi Hayri KozakçlOg.<br />
la ve Özd Kolonlu Komutaru KorgeoeraJ HuI.si Sa-<br />
JIll, dün sabah helikopterle Ç
•<br />
5.11.87<br />
"'~~~;~!A~aft~dan- -•.6'--f-af. ' :' ,<br />
V ;' -I; •<br />
~~: ,"" .<br />
111"11 <strong>de</strong>'le'ini'~<br />
'y,kmaya<br />
ömdôv"tmaz"<br />
IW;(ii PKK içinda lidarlik için çe$ltli kavgalarln<br />
_ ba$ladlQlnl kabul e<strong>de</strong>n Abdullah Öcalan<br />
bunlan saplklikla suçladl ve "Su tOr anla.<br />
YI$lan mahkûm <strong>et</strong>mezsek PKK'da bir yenil.<br />
giyi ve teslimiy<strong>et</strong>i kendi ellerimizle hamla.<br />
"r 11J
BÖIÜcülük<br />
• önseçlml kaybe<strong>de</strong>n Kenan Nehro.<br />
zoglu, pasa sariOglu ve Edlp serv<strong>et</strong><br />
Devrlmcl, partlyl frakslyonlarln eie<br />
geçlrdlglnl, örgütte Kürt kökenll ve<br />
Alevllerln <strong>et</strong>kln oldugunu Iddla <strong>et</strong>tl<br />
ANKARA, GZEl<br />
HP'<strong>de</strong> önseçim sonrasl yeni tartJf1II8IarblfJar.<br />
~ LQJ ken önseçimi kaybe<strong>de</strong>n iki mill<strong>et</strong>vekiliUebit ,e.<br />
nel sekr<strong>et</strong>er yarwmClsl, partiyi, "rraktlyoaJa.<br />
na ele aeçlrdlllal" öne lürdüJer.<br />
Önseçimi kaybe<strong>de</strong>n Mardin Mill<strong>et</strong>vekilileau Ndrozotla,<br />
Ain MiU<strong>et</strong>vekiliPlfa Sanotla ve Genel Sekr<strong>et</strong>er<br />
yardlmCllanndan Edlp Semt Denl.d, partiye<br />
ç~itli fraksiyonlann IlZwiJm ve önseçim<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> bunla.<br />
nn <strong>et</strong>kili olduklanm söyledUer.<br />
MUUyel'insorusu üzerine IÖ~ÜDÜ lÇIt1ayan Parti<br />
Me<strong>et</strong>isi üyesi ve Genel Sekr<strong>et</strong>er Yardunelsl Edlp Ser-<br />
Y<strong>et</strong>nevrlmcl, önseçim slfaslDdapartinin awm bile bU.<br />
H9:~,~~q<strong>et</strong> 6.11.98<br />
-<br />
,!!reklere ahize taklp poNs veiandarmanm__k2~l1j!!1~/a'!I"llliYO'lar<br />
PKK, telefon dinlivor<br />
~~çi~m~~1Gizli örgütçü<br />
aile<br />
rlmd, "Ba lItueçImdr .... a 6aeec1ea pI/1IJe lIZZIIIf olD<br />
rrwlJoalar roi oyaacll. ~ ptrtl<strong>de</strong> yok edIbDek<br />
lIteMl blrtalu. IItIllDarlanl yeal<strong>de</strong>l IIerlel.n1le<br />
le<strong>de</strong>a oIda, Bqta Geael Bllllaa oImaklure yllaeü.<br />
dIer daIIl day'" Je tedblrll oImabdalar" <strong>de</strong>dI.<br />
Partizan örgutune yatakllk <strong>et</strong>tlklerl<br />
Önseçimi klybe<strong>de</strong>n Mardin Mill<strong>et</strong>vekilllelU Nu.<br />
Iddlaslyla glyaplaranda yargllamp ce.<br />
ro'" Ise, kendi böllcsin<strong>de</strong> Kürt kökenlilerin <strong>de</strong>stek.<br />
zalandlralan $ahln allesin<strong>de</strong>n baba<br />
ledlji insanlann ön plana ÇdctliJnlöne sürdü ve 1)'1.<br />
ogul ve klZI Mersin'<strong>de</strong> eie geçlrlldi<br />
nmClbk yapddliJm söyledi, Nelaro., blrtaklm ör.<br />
ptlerin <strong>de</strong>vreye airerek Kürt kökenli oylann birtaklm<br />
Idaylara ka)'IDISIßJnsatJandliJm da sözlerine ekledi.<br />
Ali Ekber ~EN<br />
i Ain Mill<strong>et</strong>vekilip. Smotla da, bölaesin<strong>de</strong> ya.<br />
pdan önseçim~lflSlDdaçqitli oyunlar oynandJiJm ÖDe<br />
• MERSiN (Mil-HA)<br />
sÜfdü ve "Xlrtler ft Alnller "blrUli Ylparall Weala<br />
.raJa.uada lIIe'" roi oyaacldar" <strong>de</strong>di. Sanai-<br />
11k<strong>et</strong>tikleri iddiasl~la ~y~plannda yarlÙarup<br />
rXJASADI~I bölüeü Partizan Örgütü'ne yataltla,<br />
bölücùlütle suçladJjJ bu kililerin Örlülte <strong>et</strong>kin 01.<br />
cezalandmlan $ahia ailesm<strong>de</strong>n baba, oguJ ve<br />
dujunu belirterek, konuyu Genel 88fkan Enlai la6-<br />
kill Mersin' <strong>de</strong> ele leçirihli_<br />
Il'ye il<strong>et</strong>tijini söyedi ve tedbir abnmasl istejin<strong>de</strong> bu.<br />
lundujunu bUdirdi.p. SmotIa, <strong>et</strong>nik IfUplann par.<br />
Tunceü'<strong>de</strong> eniltelen :iüseJ\n YlImu'. öldürdük.<br />
tiyi eIe leçirmesiyle ileri<strong>de</strong> Slnelh lünler Ylfanabileee.<br />
leri iddiaslyla gözaJuna ahnan ve 8 ay suren yarg!-<br />
gini <strong>de</strong> vur~uladl.<br />
lamadan .soora beraat e<strong>de</strong>rek eezaevin<strong>de</strong>n Çtkan 58<br />
• Dogu ve Güneydogu'daki il ve ilçelere verilen ankesérlu telefonlarm<br />
ahizesi koparùara.k PKK rnilltanlarma ul8.$tlI'lllYor.<br />
Yapùan. operasyorùarda telefon direklerine bagl1 ahizeler bulundu.<br />
PIT Genel Müdürlügû bu bélge<strong>de</strong>ki sistemi <strong>de</strong>giqtiriyor.<br />
RZURUM, (hha) - [)ogu<br />
EV{'(;llnl'Vrlogu illerin,k kaI.<br />
liam \aIHlI1-, karlln. ,oeuk dcml'(kn<br />
hllnharcR katlcdl'n boo<br />
IllCll b,"nil-rin, Iclcfon dirckk<br />
rine t"kllklarl ahi,e1crle konu~n1alan<br />
Ii,nil-Iiikl,'n orta\a<br />
l'TT (;en,,1 \Illdurlugu,<br />
\'Iktl<br />
Iclt'-<br />
fOil h.tllHbmalanrll11 dinl('nn1l'.<br />
nW:-.l li..;Il1' e'flin~<br />
sistl'f1W cl',,'hi tHmarnl
~<br />
. , '<br />
. . ....<br />
,<br />
'..<br />
."<br />
,<br />
"~~ruculuk<br />
h~~kl böldü"<br />
•<br />
Mardln'<strong>de</strong>n SHP'nln IIsteba$1adaVI olan eskl parla.<br />
menter Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk, tutuklu bulundugu DivarbaKlr<br />
cezaevl'n<strong>de</strong>n avukatl araclllgllie verdlgl <strong>de</strong>meçte,<br />
"Meclls'te Dogu halKmm haklarr lçln çaba göstereceglm"<br />
<strong>de</strong>di<br />
• Türlc, !tendlslnln adav almaSlvla ANAPadaVINur<strong>et</strong>.<br />
l:~n V!lm~;tii1 seçllme $ansmln kalmadlQln1 öne<br />
o IW{ARBAKIR (MIL-HA)<br />
rnllY AJUlAKIRDevl<strong>et</strong> Güvenlik Mahkem<strong>et</strong>.I!J<br />
si'nee yargllanan ve SHP'<strong>de</strong> 'Mardin'<strong>de</strong>n<br />
liste b~1 olan eski parlamenter Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Türk, \UtukJu bulundugu cezaevin<strong>de</strong>n avukall araeilig!<br />
ite verdigi ôzel <strong>de</strong>meçte, seçiIdigi takdir<strong>de</strong> Dogu<br />
hal!umn klSltlanan <strong>de</strong>mokratik hak ve özgür.<br />
lükJerinin sag!anmasl için çaba harcayaca8JOl<br />
söyledi.<br />
'<br />
Tür\(, lutukJu buJundugu Diyarbakir Cezaevi'n<strong>de</strong>n<br />
avukall Felhl GiimÜJ araCÙ.igiîle Mil-Ha muhabirine<br />
verdiiÎ <strong>de</strong>meçte, ç~itli konuJardaki Sir<br />
. cü~lerini belirui ..<br />
SHP Mardin milI<strong>et</strong>vekili aday! ve KuJJtepe i1e<br />
Derik'te Y8l8yan Türk ~ir<strong>et</strong>inin li<strong>de</strong>ri Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Türk, SHP'nin Mardin'<strong>de</strong> 3 veya 4 mill<strong>et</strong>vekili Çlkarma<br />
~ansmm oldugunu belirterek ~yle <strong>de</strong>di:<br />
"Memez yokl!llillilSl !le seçime giri1seydi, SHP'oio<br />
Mardilll'cJe olamlo ilir IlOnllç a1amayaeai! açlldl.<br />
Halla barajl cWIi "amama &ÖZ konusnydu. HalkID<br />
gerçek int<strong>de</strong>sinin !usmeo teceUisl olan önsc.<br />
çim soounda bu durum lamamen <strong>de</strong>gijmijtir. Seçmenlerin<br />
cltiertendlrmesl soouoda meydana geleo<br />
liste i1e SliP Mardin'<strong>de</strong> 3 vey a 4 mill<strong>et</strong>vekili<br />
çlkarabilecektir. "<br />
SHP'nin Türlciye genelin<strong>de</strong> büyük bir oy patlamasi<br />
yapacagina inandlgiOl bildiren Türk, kendisinin<br />
eezaevin<strong>de</strong> bulunmaslOlfI seçim çahlmala-<br />
6.11.87<br />
sürdü Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk<br />
J F i I ona bir engel olu~l1mnad1guu, çah~m,alan seçmen.<br />
I .~~~!~h BUlUTTEK N lerinsürdürdügünü söyledi. Türk, DSP'nin genel durumunu<br />
<strong>de</strong>gerlendirirken <strong>de</strong> DSP' nin barajl ~mama<br />
tehlikesi ite karl! kaqlya bulundugunu öne<br />
sürdü.<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk, SHP'<strong>de</strong> aday olmallOIn, ANAP<br />
adaYI Nur<strong>et</strong>tin Yllmu'lO lanslOJ ortadan kaldHdlSIm<br />
ifa<strong>de</strong> e<strong>de</strong>rken, "Eger ben SHP'<strong>de</strong> aday 01-<br />
mUlydlm, Nllr<strong>et</strong>tin Yllmu ANAP'tan büyükbir<br />
ihtlmalle seçWrdl. Aoeak SHP'ye girip Iday<br />
olmam Yllmu'm seçitme laOSIDI büyük ölçü<strong>de</strong><br />
ortadaD kaldirDlijur" leklin<strong>de</strong> konustu.<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk <strong>de</strong>mecin<strong>de</strong>, mill<strong>et</strong>vekili seçilmesi<br />
halin<strong>de</strong>, ilk <strong>et</strong>apta, halkl ikiyc bölüp karSI karllya<br />
g<strong>et</strong>iren köy korueulugu sistemine son vermek<br />
amac!yla çaba gösterecegini soyledi. Türk, "Seçilmem<br />
halln<strong>de</strong> Anayasa'nm 141 ve 142 i1e 163.<br />
mad<strong>de</strong>leriDin kaldinlmasdçio çahlaea~m. HaI-<br />
!umm OOye bölüp kalll kalllya g<strong>et</strong>Îren köy ko.<br />
rucuJugu SÎlltemioe soo vermek amaelyla gereken<br />
çaba)'l gösterecegim. Bunlann da ötesin<strong>de</strong> Do~u<br />
ha1luDln !usltlanan <strong>de</strong>mokratik bak ve özgürtük-<br />
Ierioio sagIanmasl için partameotoda gereken çabalan<br />
özellikle sarfe<strong>de</strong>eegim" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Mit-Ha'mn eezaevin<strong>de</strong> yatan Abmel Türk ile<br />
yüzyüze görü~me istemi Savel Turban Korkutan<br />
taraflOdan kabuJ edilmedi. Korkutan, DG~l'<strong>de</strong><br />
yargllanan siyasi tutuklulara, görülme yasagi g"<br />
tirildigini, bu ne<strong>de</strong>nle görülmenin mümkün olmadlgim<br />
aÇlkladl.<br />
ini to Arallk'ta Tür-<br />
.' kIYe'<strong>de</strong>: Genel at ve<br />
tutuklulann serbest blrakiimasi<br />
konusunda<br />
kampanya açan örgütün<br />
gön<strong>de</strong>rdiQi, aralar1nda<br />
SOP ve Ye~i1ler<br />
mill<strong>et</strong>vekillerinin <strong>de</strong><br />
bulunduQu hey<strong>et</strong> 10<br />
Aralik'ta Türkiye'<strong>de</strong><br />
llißtl .ylil varalla-<br />
~nacak: 1988'in ilk<br />
aylarmda Avrupa'da<br />
kurulacak bir Adal<strong>et</strong><br />
Divanl (il da 12 Eylül<br />
yön<strong>et</strong>icilerini yargllayacak<br />
B OON, (Tercüman)-<br />
Marksist bic kurulu~ olan<br />
"Devrimci 4çi" Bonn'da lertipledi~i<br />
basm toplanl1smda<br />
"yddlz yürüyü~ü "nUn sona<br />
erdi~ini belirterek, TUrkiye~<br />
<strong>de</strong>ki polilik tutuklulann serbesl<br />
blraklllp, idam cezalanmn<br />
kaldmlmasl için, Avrupa<br />
çapmda açl1klan imza kampanyasl<br />
sonucunun, aralannda<br />
SPD (Alman Sosyal Oe.<br />
mokrat Parti) ve Yejiller mill<strong>et</strong>vekillerinin<br />
<strong>de</strong> bulunaca~ bir<br />
hey<strong>et</strong>le 10 Arahk'ta Ankara~<br />
'Ya gön<strong>de</strong>rilece~ini bildirdi.<br />
BugUne kadar on bin imza<br />
toplad!klanm öne sUren<br />
. Devrimci hçi Kurulu~u söz-<br />
7.11.87<br />
"Devrimci i$çi"<strong>de</strong>n<br />
balk' mahkemesi<br />
cUleri, 1988 yJlmm ilk aylannda<br />
da, Avrupa!da aralannda<br />
UnlU hukukçu, parlamenter<br />
ve sendika temsilcilerinin<br />
<strong>de</strong> bulunacaAI bir "Adal<strong>et</strong><br />
DIVIlDl" tC$kil edilerek "U<br />
Eylill yön<strong>et</strong>imlnln sonllnlulannln<br />
yargdanacailnl" öne<br />
sUrdUler. 10 Aral1k'ta Ankara'da<br />
bulunacak hey<strong>et</strong>in, Türkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
lhsan Haklan DerneAi'nin<br />
tertipJ.eyeceAi mitinge<br />
<strong>de</strong> katiJacaAml bildiren<br />
sözcUler "AmaçlanDln, Tür-<br />
!dye'<strong>de</strong> iKi SIDIfl Ile bütün<br />
h~anlann yön<strong>et</strong>im<strong>de</strong> söz<br />
ça-<br />
sahibl<br />
olacail blr düzen g<strong>et</strong>lrmek<br />
olduiunu" söylediler.<br />
GörU~lerinin Marksizm teorisini<br />
esas aldtAml belirten<br />
Devrimci IKi kurulu~u sözcUleri<br />
"PKK'ya kalll olduklanDI,<br />
PKK'nID slvil halka<br />
yönelik kauh eylemlerini tasvip<br />
<strong>et</strong>medikleri" ifa<strong>de</strong> e<strong>de</strong>rek<br />
TKP île i~birli~i yaptlklanlll<br />
aÇ1kladtlar. Basm toplantlSlnda<br />
admm Monika Ganzefeld<br />
oldu~unu belirten bir Alman<br />
kadm da "SPD çal~ma grubu<br />
adlOa toplantlya ~tirsk<br />
<strong>et</strong>tiaini" bîldirerek giri$imi<br />
<strong>de</strong>steklediklerini söyledi.'<br />
Toplanl1da YC$ilIer'<strong>de</strong>n Elner<br />
Ohlen <strong>de</strong>, imza kampanyasl-'<br />
ni sonunda toplanan dilekçeyi<br />
Ankara'ya götUrecek hey<strong>et</strong>te<br />
yer alabileceklerini açlkla-<br />
.dL<br />
•<br />
TerciiInnn7. 11 .87<br />
Köyliilerle<br />
ça'I;ID dörl<br />
38<br />
bÖ~MGÜkaçtl<br />
£'1 AZÏAi'\l1'Ell"d Gaziantep'e:<br />
'-Jba~11 Kam!cesek kOyü Kore.<br />
Ii mezra5ma gelen 4 bOlucU ç<strong>et</strong>e<br />
mensubu, köy!tllerle girdikleri silâhh<br />
çatl$madan soora ltaçtt.<br />
Ahnan . bîlgiye gOre,<br />
Gaziantep-J:
..<br />
•<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> KoçAK<br />
HABUR/CtZRE, (Tereü.<br />
man). Mardin'in Cizre ilçesin<strong>de</strong><br />
7 terOristin OIUolarak<br />
eie geçirilmesin<strong>de</strong>n sonra,<br />
gUvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>leri haklann.<br />
da ""ur" emri Ç1kanlan Or.<br />
gUtUn diler elemanlarma<br />
"tes!lm 01" çalnsmda bulundular.<br />
OUvenlik kuvve<strong>de</strong>ri.<br />
nin son çalTlSmda, "Vaklt<br />
varken daha vahlm blr ,,1<br />
olmadan lelln tesllm olun"<br />
<strong>de</strong>nildi.<br />
Yurt.'lçin<strong>de</strong> ve yurt dl$m.<br />
da faaliy<strong>et</strong> gOsteren PKK mi.<br />
litanlannm gUvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>.<br />
lerine teslim olmalan halin<strong>de</strong><br />
"PJtmanl1k Kanunu".<br />
ndan faydalanacaklan da bile<br />
dirildi.<br />
PKK örgUtUnUn,gUvenlik<br />
kuvv<strong>et</strong>lerine teslim aimasi !stenen<br />
li<strong>de</strong>rlerinin isbnler,l<br />
söyle:<br />
PKK li<strong>de</strong>ri Abdulla. ÖCI.<br />
Ian (APO): Suriye'<strong>de</strong> oldulu<br />
tahmin ediliyor.<br />
Keslre Öcalan (Fatma):<br />
Avrupa'da bulunuyor.<br />
Osman ÖCIIan - (H... n.<br />
HüseJfn): En son Libya'da<br />
görUldU.<br />
Hasan Hayrl Giller: Fe<strong>de</strong>.<br />
rai Almanya'da oldulu tah.<br />
min edillyor.<br />
Numan Upr: En son Isveç'te<br />
IOr11ldü.<br />
HayTIDarban: Halen Klb-<br />
TIS Rum kesimin<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Hldlr Ayklr (TtKKO II<strong>de</strong>ri):<br />
En son Suriye'ye Apo ile<br />
gUçbirlili için gittili bio<br />
liniyor.<br />
Hü.se)'iDYdduun: Son olarak<br />
Yunanistan'da görüldü.<br />
SelahattJn Çellk: Kl.zey<br />
Irak'ta y8$lyor.<br />
Suphl Karaku,: Kuzey<br />
Irak 'ta.<br />
Fevzl AydIn: Kuuy Irak'.<br />
ta bulunmastna ralmen, zao<br />
man zaman TUrkiye'ye giri,<br />
yaplyor.<br />
Duran Kalkau: (PU mer.<br />
kez komites! üyesi): Halen<br />
Klbns Rum kesimin<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Cemil Baylk (PKK mer.<br />
kez komilesl üyesl): Klbns<br />
Rum kesimin<strong>de</strong>.<br />
9.11.87<br />
Tercüman<br />
PKK'ya son çaiin<br />
Bald Karatr (PKK merkez<br />
tomites! üym): Son olarak<br />
Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Almanya'da oldultJ<br />
belirleßdi.<br />
TORKI'frDRI<br />
MILITULAII<br />
Öte yandan, güven1ikkuvv<strong>et</strong>lerine<br />
teslim olmalan Istenen<br />
yurt için<strong>de</strong>ki PKK militanlarmm<br />
isimleri <strong>de</strong> $Oyle:<br />
Vaslm Aras (Di$ç/ Cafer),<br />
Burhan hik, vun KJbç, Mu.<br />
zul Atar, Celai Akk .. , ~ ...<br />
muz Yllit, Faruk AsIan, 'nzi<br />
Sel, M.HadJ Er, lhdJr YaIçln<br />
(Sinan), Ahm<strong>et</strong> lÇeslp<br />
(AIn Canavarl), Ramuan<br />
Topt .. (tbo), Hamit Dattekin<br />
(Ahm<strong>et</strong>), R<strong>et</strong>it Oruç (Cemil),<br />
M<strong>et</strong>Jn Ya"uz (Süleyman),<br />
M.Emin Eren ve Ay.<br />
sei Öztürk.<br />
Bu militaniar HakkAri,<br />
Gercüs, tdil, Diyarbakir ve<br />
Dolu Anadolu'nun bw iDerin<strong>de</strong><br />
faaliy<strong>et</strong> gösteriyorlar.<br />
Mardin, Clzre, Derlk ve<br />
Klzlltepe' <strong>de</strong> faally<strong>et</strong> gösterenier:<br />
M.Emln Asian, Kazlm<br />
Kulu, Ahm<strong>et</strong> Gü<strong>de</strong>n, Abdo<br />
Orek (Cevd<strong>et</strong>), A. Rahman<br />
Zengin (Yaser) Ebuzeyit<br />
Saneak, Neclp Tokyay,<br />
A.Kadir Özsoy (~vk<strong>et</strong> Arnca),<br />
Nezir Yavuz (Ali Yavuz),<br />
Enüp Kurt, RamUlln<br />
ÇobanyJldlZl, Cemal Mat ve<br />
Adil Asian.<br />
Bu teröristlerin li<strong>de</strong>rlilini<br />
ise Ali Ç<strong>et</strong>lner, Mustafa<br />
Yön<strong>de</strong>m (Erdal) ile Hacl<br />
Baglan yaplyor.<br />
KA.LI PORTR.UR.<br />
Bu arada, bir sUre önee<br />
Cizre ilçesin<strong>de</strong> gUvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>leri<br />
ile giristikleri çallsmada<br />
ölü olarak eIe geçirilen 7<br />
terörisllen li<strong>de</strong>r durumundaki<br />
4'UnUn açlk kimlili ve ey.<br />
lemleri tesbit edildi.<br />
Nlzam<strong>et</strong>tin Tas (Botan-<br />
B<strong>et</strong>on): PKK böige askeri Ii<strong>de</strong>ri.<br />
PlOarelk katliâmlOl biz.<br />
zat yön<strong>et</strong>mis. Emlrleri direkt<br />
olarak Apo'dan a1lyordu. 96<br />
ki$inin kat/Ii olarak biliniyor.<br />
Emrin<strong>de</strong> 40 silAhh milltan<br />
bulunuvordll<br />
Nlzam<strong>et</strong>tin TIf'm kattldl-<br />
Il eylemler ise söyle:<br />
21 Oeak i987 tarihin<strong>de</strong><br />
Tas<strong>de</strong>len katliâml 18 ölU, 6<br />
yarah, 22 Subat 1987 ikinei<br />
Tas<strong>de</strong>len katliâml 14 ölU, 29<br />
Nisan 1987 13 askerin sehit<br />
edilmesi. 20 Haz/ran 1987 PI-<br />
narelk katlillml 30 ölU, 3<br />
yarah.<br />
Ham Kaya (KOr Cemal)-<br />
Mardin BöIgesi Eyal<strong>et</strong> Komiseri:<br />
PKK'nm 4. kongresin--<br />
<strong>de</strong> eyai<strong>et</strong> komiserliline g<strong>et</strong>irilmi$.<br />
Suriye'<strong>de</strong>n TUrkiye'ye<br />
SIZlP eylemlere katlhyordu.<br />
Nlzameltln Tafm emrin<strong>de</strong><br />
çah$lyordu. Eylemlerin<strong>de</strong>,<br />
Suriye uyruklu terörist <strong>de</strong><br />
kullamyordu. Kahldill eylemier<br />
ise $öyle:<br />
PmarClk katliâml. 23 Ocak<br />
1987 Dargeçit katliâml 10<br />
ölU, S yarah. 8 Mart 1987<br />
Açlkyol katliâml 8 ölU, 3 yarah.<br />
28 Nisan i987 13 askerin<br />
sehit edilmesi.<br />
Abdurrahman Motor (Sa-<br />
Iih)-tdil-Cizre grup amiri:<br />
Ham K.y.'mn ernri alhnda<br />
Cizre-tdil grup amirliline g<strong>et</strong>irildi.<br />
Emrin<strong>de</strong> iO milltan<br />
vardl. Eylemler<strong>de</strong> Haill Kaya'mn<br />
40 kisilik grubuna yar.<br />
dlmCloluyordu. HaiU Kaya'-<br />
dan sonra Mardin bölaesin<strong>de</strong><br />
be$inc:1<strong>de</strong>rece<strong>de</strong> li<strong>de</strong>rdi.<br />
Naif Ytlmaz (Sait)-<br />
Abdurrahman Motor'un<br />
grubunda 2. <strong>de</strong>rece<strong>de</strong> li<strong>de</strong>rdi.<br />
Daha Gnce NIzam<strong>et</strong>dD Tif ik<br />
HakkAri bölgesin<strong>de</strong> çah$tl.<br />
KlzJltepe ve Derik'te <strong>de</strong> faa-<br />
Iiy<strong>et</strong> gosterdi. Mil-Ciue grubuna<br />
girerek Motor'un kauidill<br />
bUtUn eyiemler<strong>de</strong><br />
buiundu.<br />
söz<br />
9_11_87<br />
Evren ve Ecevit Kürt'lere<br />
ka~yumu~k<br />
Generaller sert<br />
"Genelkurmay B~kam Evren'in sorunu .basite<br />
indirgemesine ragmen Generallerin büyük böli.imü<br />
Dogu Anadolù'da sorun yaratan kürtlerin kafalanmn<br />
biran önce ezilmesi gerektigi gör~ünü savunuyor"<br />
8 yJl gizli kald1ktan sonra ayrmtùan<br />
SÖZ aracùlgiyla ilk kez Türk kamuoyuna<br />
ul~tll"ùan ABD Büyükelçilik yaZl~malan,<br />
Amerika'nm Kürt sorununa ba~ açlSml<br />
da ortaya koyuyor.<br />
iran'da Kürt ayaklanmalannm' iyi<strong>de</strong>n<br />
iyiye yaygm~ttkJ. ve Türk.iye'<strong>de</strong> gizli<strong>de</strong>n<br />
gizliye Kürt sorununa çareler arandtkJ. bir<br />
dönem<strong>de</strong> kaleme alman belgeler, bu konuda<br />
Turk Ordusu için<strong>de</strong> "~ahinler" ve<br />
"Güvercinler" oldugunl,l sergiliyor.<br />
Dönemin ABD Büyükelçisi, Ecevit Hüküm<strong>et</strong>i'nin<br />
Kürt sorununa ~'Yum~ak"<br />
yakla~Uktm belirtirken Genelkurmay<br />
Ba~kam Evren'in <strong>de</strong> Ecevit'i <strong>de</strong>stekledigini<br />
ancak "Bazùan" mn buna kar~1 çlkarak<br />
"Kafa ezecek" kadar sert yak~lmlan savunduklan<br />
belirtiliyor.<br />
Raporlara bakùdtkJ.nda ABD BüyükeJçilik<br />
y<strong>et</strong>kililerinin Ordu'daki klplrdanma-<br />
YI daha 0 dönem<strong>de</strong>n fark<strong>et</strong>~ileri ve<br />
APO'culann Türk otoritesi d~mda klan<br />
yerler<strong>de</strong> hakimiy<strong>et</strong> kazanma çabalarma<br />
dikkat çektikleri anla~lhyor. 1979 ko~ulla-,<br />
rmda bir Kürt ayaklanmasl olasùI~na ba-<br />
~an ~nsl tammayan Amerika'IJlar klSa,<br />
dönem<strong>de</strong> Ordu'nun böylesi bir ayaklanmasl<br />
bastlrabilecegi inancmdalar.<br />
Uzun donem<strong>de</strong> Ise sorunun çözümunim<br />
ekonomik gel~me<strong>de</strong> uldugunu vurguluyorlar.<br />
Bu <strong>de</strong>gerlendirmeleri somut kamt-.<br />
larla <strong>de</strong>steklemek için bazI elçilik görevlilerinin<br />
Kurt nufusunun agirhgi bOlgeleri<br />
gezdikleri yine raporlardan anla~lhyor.<br />
ABD Gizli<br />
belgelerine<br />
göre Evren<br />
ve Ecevit'in<br />
Kürt'lere<br />
kar~l<br />
yumu~ak tavn<br />
"Digerlerini"<br />
rahatslz<br />
ediyor'<br />
> 39
DEVA..l\1<br />
Ankara AnD SUyükelçlUtl'n<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Dl$i~leri Dakanhtl'na<br />
Acele/ Gtzl..t/ Eylü11979/ Ankara 6660<br />
:Konu: TÜl'kiye'nin dO&'Ullundllg'J.venlik durumu<br />
Elçlllk Görevllsi: Robert DiJ10ll<br />
ÖZET: Bu mesa,; Ti.irkiye'nin dogusundaki<br />
.go"..i'ler.likso:-unv. ve politik durumun blr <strong>de</strong>-<br />
. gerlendirme~ini kapsar. 1ûrkiye'nin dogusundaki<br />
Kürt bö1gelerinJ.(. kontrolu saglaya-<br />
.bilmek için hükÜln<strong>et</strong>, geleneksel 01arak "sa.<br />
mari ve sopa" yak~llm uyguluyordu.<br />
Bu yakla~lm bir yandan bölge<strong>de</strong> güçlü blr<br />
liSkeri.varlù: bulundururken, blr yandan da<br />
~ir<strong>et</strong> li<strong>de</strong>r:erini kendi tarafma çekmeyi öngörüyordu.<br />
. Son Ylllarda bu yakl~un, artan Kürt poli.<br />
tik talepleri, tlr:nanan <strong>et</strong>nik bilinç ve bazJ<br />
egitilm~ KÜl'. g...nçlerin Marksist, bölûcü, terörist.<br />
<strong>de</strong>vrimci faaliy,~tlere kan~malanyla<br />
smand; dan ,~~~<br />
EnazlU JUX1<br />
dönerri<strong>de</strong> biz, Killt<br />
milliy<strong>et</strong>çi harek<strong>et</strong>inin<br />
Türkiye~<strong>de</strong> bir<br />
ayaklanma<br />
b~latabileœgine<br />
ihtimal vermiyoruz<br />
TORKLER sOPHECI- :urluye'run dogu vE<br />
gûneydogu Wlgelerin<strong>de</strong> Kürtler hakim çogunluk.<br />
Diyarbalur gibi baz1 bölgeler<strong>de</strong> nü.<br />
fusun yüz<strong>de</strong> 9O'ma Kadar lmaY~A<br />
ve iran'ill Kü.rt Uilgelerin<strong>de</strong>ki oivil saV~IT~<br />
ayaklanmaya d6nÙ$mesl zaten myasi en~leri<br />
clan Tüdùeri sarstJ.<br />
Za) ûbir iran rejimin~n yë-re<strong>de</strong>ki Kürtlere<br />
otonomi vermeye zorla:unalJl veya loö1ge<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
baj:uns1Z bir Kürt <strong>de</strong>v!<strong>et</strong>inin 0~ma5l ihtimali<br />
Türkler' .ie end5~ yarattl.<br />
SÛVOVEN ETNIK BILINÇ: Bütün Türkive'<strong>de</strong>.<br />
fakat özellikle do,i:uda <strong>et</strong>nik bi1incin<br />
geli~t.igine ~ki" gU,lenen i~r<strong>et</strong>ler Türklerin<br />
en~lerini artum.<br />
Birç:ok Türk, &evit Hüküm<strong>et</strong>!'nin bu<br />
40<br />
ta~mal1 fikirlerin üa<strong>de</strong>sine gösterdigi toleransm,<br />
'riirkiye'nin <strong>et</strong>nik gruplara bölünereK<br />
çözü1mesinin baflangICI olabUeœiin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
en~lenlyor.<br />
Türk seçkirùeri, homojen bir görünü~te 01.<br />
marnalanna ragmen A~türk'ün ~um1ad$<br />
Türklük kavranu üzerin<strong>de</strong> mutab1ktùar.<br />
Bu ~er<strong>de</strong>n pek çogu, Klirtlügiin<br />
aÇlkça te1alfuzunun ve gerek <strong>et</strong>nik gerekse<br />
coçafi aynilgm ira<strong>de</strong> edilmesinin Türklye'nin<br />
bölûnrnesinin ~C1 olacagma<br />
dalr korkulanru bize duyurdular.<br />
Cumhur~karu Fahrt l('lrutürk30 Agustos<br />
kon~masmda bazJ aynrnC1 kafalarm ezileœgini<br />
söyleyerek bu Atatûrkçü elitin dû-<br />
~i.oncelerini <strong>de</strong> yansltb.<br />
OTORlTE AZALDI- Bir baslui gel~'l1c <strong>de</strong> ül.<br />
kenin iç ekonomik 'le riyasi :;ijçlükl.,rinin<br />
bir sonucu olarak hükûm<strong>et</strong> otontesinin ve<br />
saygmllk1run gi<strong>de</strong>rek azalmasl.<br />
Bu durum ülke çapm<strong>de</strong>. ~ö<strong>de</strong>niyor. Da14<br />
ve Orta Anadolu'da sikmblar liTU>rken hüküm<strong>et</strong><br />
otoritesin<strong>de</strong>ki zaaf lÀlgu Anadolu'da<br />
daha ciddi sonuçlar do~yor.<br />
Çünkü 0 böige aneak gü~lü otorite saye.<br />
sin<strong>de</strong> ayakta duruyor. Geçmi.;-te Türk y<strong>et</strong>kililerin<br />
'le askerlerin kontrolu ~hir!er<strong>de</strong> ,'e<br />
kasabalarda klTSal bölgeJere Ioyasla da ha<br />
fazlaydl.<br />
Ancak, ~imdi özellikle Türk yolisinin ve<br />
bürokrasisinin politize Olmasl sonucu artaya<br />
çlkan zaaf, Apoc:nlar, SlvanCJJar gibi ën<strong>de</strong><br />
gelen solcu örgütlerin Türk otorite:;j dl~1I1da<br />
kalan yerler<strong>de</strong> zorla hakimiy;,tlerini kurma-<br />
!.arma 'le halktan "koruma ~,;lJ1
•<br />
10. 1 1.87<br />
Avrupa'daki hiçbir Türk öygütün~en tam <strong>de</strong>stek yok .<br />
PKK dl arela,ainil<br />
•<br />
lIJ<br />
Avrupa'da sol TOrk örgOtlerln<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sa<strong>de</strong>ce "Avrupa'da Dev-<br />
Gene "Bol$evlk Partizan" ve "I$çl<br />
Gerçegl" adll örgOtler PKK'ya<br />
dolayll <strong>de</strong>stek verlyor<br />
• Boient ZARIF • B'lNN<br />
EDERAL Almanya'da ya da daha sa8I1kb<br />
F bir ifa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Avrupa' da propaganda arac<br />
olarak kullandJjJ aynhkÇl )a:Jd~lan dllmda<br />
PKK')'! tam olarak <strong>de</strong>stekleyen herbangi<br />
bu örpl bulunmuyor.<br />
Almanya'da TÜfkiye'<strong>de</strong>n gelenler laJafmdan<br />
kurulan ve sosyal <strong>de</strong>mokrabndan komûnislit.e,<br />
IIJUlSIDdan aynhkÇlsma kadar 1ÛD1dunya gö~-<br />
Ierini içeren "lOI yelpue"<strong>de</strong>ki loplam 32 kuru-<br />
1\ijllIII yalruz iiçii PKK'nm silahh pddtl harekellerine<br />
JtIIlpal! iIe bak1yor, bir ~ka ~Ie PKK'<br />
ya "doIayb clatek" veriyorlar,<br />
Bunlar BoI~k Partizan, Avrupa'da Dev-<br />
Genç ve IlÇi Gerçegi adh kunilullar, Bunlann<br />
d~lnda AVlUpd'~a herhangi bir gucai bulunmayan,<br />
yalDlZ kijisel b8Z1eylemlerle ara sua su yü.<br />
zune ÇIkan Acilciler'io <strong>de</strong> PKK'mn d-kù:kçisi 01-<br />
duju söl'kniyor,<br />
PKK VE YAN"_$l.ARI<br />
I ~~aki sol yelp81.e<strong>de</strong> yer alan topladl<br />
32 kurulUjun 12'silu kurt Ö1g~tri oÙlflun'yor,<br />
lIUn1udan PKK mlmda kuldi propap.mlaslm<br />
yapltrdJjJ ve bu amaçla ~'Urdugu iItri S\iriilen kuruhqlar<br />
lunlar: .<br />
Huner~om (KürdistanIJ YurtSt'Ver 'ianalçliar<br />
Birtiii): Duzenkdlgi ç~itli külturel <strong>et</strong>I:inliklerle<br />
ve bu tÜf gmkre kauh~hn ile PKK'run Avru.<br />
. pa'daki propagandGsmdJ i>ncmli bir roi O)'llJYOr.<br />
Ft)'~a - Kürdlstan (Fel!~ral Almanya Kürdis.<br />
tan Yurts.:ver t!Çi Kültür Birlik1eri Fe<strong>de</strong>rnsyonu):<br />
Ylisal <strong>de</strong>mekleri çaUSI aIbnda loplayan rurulUj<br />
yasal eylem ve propaganda 01g8Ol olarak<br />
Çahl)Or.<br />
ERNK (KÜ1distan U1usal Kurtulul Cephesi):<br />
Gerek direkt olarak PKK'mn, gerekse PKI: oncu<br />
glieunun <strong>de</strong> için<strong>de</strong> yel aldl~ Kurdistan Halk<br />
Kurtulul Ordusu - ARGK'nm eylemleri konusunda<br />
düzenledigi basm toplanlilan veya Çlkardl~<br />
bildirilerle propaganda yaplYor.<br />
T'SK - DK (Kiirdistan Sosyalist Hare\:<strong>et</strong>i - DayaOl~ma<br />
KomitesQ: Almanya'da pek fazla giieu<br />
olmamaJ:la birlikle. Ç1kard)8l ya)'!n orgam He-<br />
TÎy.ce1 ile PKK'nm yamnda yer aldl~ belirtiliyor.<br />
DlêER KORT ORGOTLERI<br />
Komar (KjirdistanIJ 1!Çi DernekJeri Fe<strong>de</strong>rasyonul:<br />
Ti:rkiye Kiirdistan Sc.sya1is1 Partisi TK-<br />
SP, yani Tùrkije'<strong>de</strong> Özgürl~k Yolu diye tarunan<br />
gruba sempali duy~nlarm bir araya geldigi<br />
bir kunlluj. Örgutù~ yaJ:l~!k 30 kallar <strong>de</strong>rnegi<br />
ve 1000 tiVlflllda da aktif ~y(Si bul~nuyor.<br />
KK9K (Kür1i.1tan De~olratik Il:i Oemek-<br />
!eri Fe<strong>de</strong>ra.'yonu): Kùrdislllo Öncu ilÇi Partisi<br />
sempatizantanmn örgiitu. Pe\: fazla giieù olmayan<br />
kurululun yalnoz ,ir-iki d.:megi bulunuyor.<br />
KKDK: Yukandaki kurulUjla ayru ismi ~Iyor<br />
an"à, dunya goru.:leri ctcmilc. KÜfdistan I~<br />
Partisi - KtP'e ilgi dllyaülann bir araya gcldikleri<br />
bir örgut. J(ürdls:an Vncü ilÇl Partisi'n<strong>de</strong>n<br />
kopanlann eski Genel &kreier OlDer (.elin'in<br />
fikulerim savunanlan drslel;leyen bir \:urulu~.<br />
Rizgari: Duge . Kijmal yaytn orgam tlrafmda<br />
topl.nanla' ,:e:nen hrn.e~ hi, gucü 01-<br />
ma~lil ~lir1iln ~" i,r'_ulun ~~ 1990'('~n soora<br />
) 'ri dl~tnda kl~/ian her cen, kar~/ gruplar lç/n<strong>de</strong> bOyOk ça/kanli/era )olaç/yor.<br />
DV~'ln/enen yOroyO,'.r<strong>de</strong> c/neyelln sorum/u/afl ,Id<strong>de</strong>lle ktnenl:k.'n, c/,!,y<strong>et</strong>.<br />
lere oe' verl/mesl yo/un<strong>de</strong>kl ça~fllar. ya/mz k'~/t O;er/n<strong>de</strong> kal/ycr. FOlof/refta,<br />
l'JldOrDlen blr :.olcu lç/n yOrOyen yanda,'afl g(JrOflJyor,<br />
bir ara sesillJ vukselttiji, içe kapab, milliy<strong>et</strong>ci ve<br />
divalog yanbs. ~lmadJjJ bildiriliyor,<br />
Kud - Kom: 1980 santlSl Xomkar ÖrlÜtiin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
ayn:anIann kurdt.kllotl àaha çol: sosyal ve<br />
kiiltiird çab$maJara aiuW. ~ bir iur.dtq,<br />
Kawa: Çin çiz&isin<strong>de</strong> ~ir politika benimstyen<br />
vc t1kenliii ollnayan bir örgiil olduiu söy.<br />
kniyor.<br />
Üskürt Enstitiisii: AdlDdan d.t 1DlapIacajJ gi-<br />
':li, bihmscl çahlD18 yaJlfnak lllIat •.\la olUjturu-<br />
I. n anw zaman zaman yapu~ aç.l:laroaiarla<br />
Türkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki insan haklan rlqmda, silOey<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
Türk ':liriml<strong>et</strong>inin aynhkÇllara k8flllUÎltigi ba-<br />
II olaylan da hnayan kurulUjUD bafkanIriuu A!-<br />
man Sosyal Del1lOkrat Parti (SPD) eski MiII<strong>et</strong>vekiti<br />
K1aIlS IlDtMr yaplYor.<br />
SDLDAKI DillER ORGOTLER<br />
Dtjardaki sol yelpazenin KürtIer d1,lIIdaI" k.:<br />
nadlOda toplarn 20 Turk örgulu bulunu10r.<br />
FiDEF (Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Almanya Tiirt lfÇi DcmdJeri<br />
Fe<strong>de</strong>rasyonu): Sovytl çizgisin<strong>de</strong> olduiu ileri<br />
suriilmesine ragmen son )'!Ilarda salt Almanya'<br />
daki sorunlara ilÎlkin ~maIanyia dil:kal çekiyor.<br />
Almanya' dili sol kanalta en pçlii killestl<br />
örgùt durumunda, Bunyesin<strong>de</strong>ki SO <strong>de</strong>mek île<br />
yakl~tk ~ bin uyeye sahip olduiu beIirtiIiyor.<br />
HDF (HalkÇ1 Devrimci Fe<strong>de</strong>rasyon)' Sosyal<br />
<strong>de</strong>wokrat çizgi<strong>de</strong> ve SHP'ye iXliunJukla- sempati<br />
duyanlarm bir araya geldikleri bildirilen bir örgi:t.<br />
Almanya Ç8pIDda 24 <strong>de</strong>meji ve 3 bioin ii.zerin<strong>de</strong><br />
aktif üyesi buhrnuyo •.<br />
ATIF (Almar,ya Tu,k IKiler Fedmsyonul:<br />
Mao'nun fikirlerioi beoimseyen, biinyesin<strong>de</strong> ço<br />
iunlukla TKP-ML sempalizanlannm yer a1dl~<br />
bir kurulu(. Anti-i~isl ve anli-èmperyalisl bir<br />
çizgisi olduiunu savunuyor. Toplaro 24 <strong>de</strong>megi<br />
\'e 1500 d01aymda aklif uyesinin bulunduiu belirtiliyor.<br />
DIDF (Turk !:>emokratik IKi Demek!.:ri fedcrasyonu):<br />
Arll3vulluk çizgisin<strong>de</strong>, buna scmpati<br />
beslcvenIcrin bir araya geldigi bir kurulUj. IS kadar<br />
<strong>de</strong>mek sahibi vc 1000 dolaY1Dda da aktiI ü~csi<br />
V"r.<br />
DiBAF IAlmanya'da Demokrasi lÇ1n Bir-<br />
Ii\: fe<strong>de</strong>rasyonu): Turkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki (Ski TIP sempltizanlannlO<br />
k"~rduiu bir örgùt old'Iiu Ita<strong>de</strong> ediliyor.<br />
Gûcü vc ùyc ~aym \:onulunda S0m~t oir<br />
wi l"0k<br />
_ ..~<br />
FC (Devrimci 11Çi): TÜfkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki ($ki Dev-<br />
Yol adh örgiit sempatizanllJlnll: bir IlJya grl.<br />
.iiii kUIUIUj. Ai:tif uye 58):51 fllk faz.!a ~eiil.<br />
GÖClDen Grubu: Devrimci .tçi'<strong>de</strong>.J aynl8ll- I<br />
lar.,' kurdukla., bir ör~, Gf1cii çolc fwa <strong>de</strong>iil.<br />
Avn.:pa'dt. ~.(lenç: THKP-C, Si DeI',SoI<br />
~patizanJltrIIIJ ;:aUS) a1U,]da IUlllayu örgut.<br />
Guemli b;r ahif uyeye sahip <strong>de</strong>iillcr.<br />
So.y'lli,. 8utik: Tùrkiye Devrimci Äomür.i.t<br />
Partisi : J.JKP 'ÇÏZ&isll.<strong>de</strong> pöninm vc DIOF wh<br />
fc<strong>de</strong>rdSYOnda& ~JCanl6I1II olUjturdugu (I,gut.<br />
Guçleri fazla <strong>de</strong>i-',<br />
TDKP - Lemrisl Kanal: !müD<strong>de</strong>n Ile an!q)-<br />
l:.caillilll, rÜfkiye kO$llllanndl Leù doktrinioi<br />
UvunaD ve DIDF içi~en kopanlann bir<br />
.Illya geldiii kurulUj. I<br />
Partizan: TKP-ML sent\'llizanIannm kurduiu l<br />
bl! örgu!. Sa)'!sa! çok önerrLÎ bir giicii o1mama- !.<br />
sma k811m. eylemleri açlslDJJP resmi raporlar.<br />
da kendisinlen ilk Slk bahs<strong>et</strong>ti:en bir kurulu~<br />
BolltVÎk Parti1an: Partizan il :~<strong>de</strong>n aynlanillln<br />
kurdukla:1 ,.gii .. Mao')'!. ~eg.$ilc yorumluyorlar.<br />
Guçle!: fula <strong>de</strong>gil.<br />
Muca<strong>de</strong>le BaY;8Ï!: Gene :>artizzn'c .. \ !r.0l.an.<br />
lann kurduklan b.r b~ka k~ru:~. Ûne 11i bir<br />
pçleri yak.<br />
Gc:rçek AlJK (Gcrv1-Avrupa Day8fUjm8 " }<br />
mitesi): rslp çizgi5ine semp;>.ti 1uya.l1ar", ;.l.•.<br />
duklan bir örgut. 'Jùcü yak.<br />
Birtik Yolu: Türkiye Eme~ i'artisi ~cOl"atl'<br />
...!:ùarlOlD bio araya gelip ~IU$r;H~~.!an lu, u-<br />
lUl, Gaiçleri yak.<br />
iKi Gerçeg;: TSiP'ten kopup, ~imJi TKI'-Il<br />
(TÜfkiye Komùnisl Partisi-Birlikl çilti,ine ilgi d'l'<br />
l'antann örgùtù. Gùçleri pek yak.<br />
Kurtulul: Tur\:iye ve Kuzey Kurai' .an KurùUj<br />
ÖrgüIU sentpatizanlannm bir aray~ geldWeri<br />
., gùt. Giiçleri yok .<br />
.\urtulUj Yùlu: Londra'daJ:j llÇir,hl Sesl'nJen<br />
kopanlar tarafmdan olu~turulan örg~l. GJi\!cri<br />
hemen iemen yak gibi.<br />
- De\'nlntÏ Kurtullj~: Kurtuluj'tan ~.)J8nl"'10<br />
kurdukldll ;'ir örgüt old~:dan behrtiliyor w<br />
THKP-C çizgisindr olddlJan iltri sÜlulùjor, Güç<br />
kf1 (lOK yak.<br />
TKP . ilçinin YSI: Lcndra'da kopuçlal,,10<br />
.e .'J~a dl~1 TKP'ye ~ar~1 olanlann ollj:.urdui.-<br />
la.l i.>rgutun sempatizanlan tarafmdan kurulan<br />
h., 'r~ut l\nc~~ flJ;I..;:n .... ""'r' h~~' .....: ~\L<br />
41
Terciinlan 10.11.87<br />
Alman Televlzyonu Kürt<br />
sorununu ekrana g<strong>et</strong>lrdl<br />
KoruGular:"PKK'dan<br />
asia korkmuvoruz"<br />
B<br />
ONN (TercOman)-Alman Üçüncü Televizyonu'nun<br />
"Ausland Journal" programlnda tertiplenen "KOrtier<br />
ve Tllrkle(ln azrnhk problemlerl" adh bir açlk oturumda.<br />
ekranll g<strong>et</strong>irilen korucular, kadln ve çocuklaflnl hunhar.<br />
Ca katle<strong>de</strong>n PKK'dan korkmadlklaflnl söylediler.<br />
Komkar Bal1kanl Abubekir Saydam ile Prof. Di<strong>et</strong>rictl<br />
Thronhard ve TV film yaplmclsi Reiner Hackenberg'in<br />
katlldlQI açlk oturumda, ekranda bir kürt düQünü göste.<br />
rildikten sonra, tartll1malara geçildi. Programln sunuciJ.<br />
SUllun bir sorusu üzerine, 12 Eylül askeri harekatrndan<br />
sonra Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Almanya'ya 1,5 milyon kürt'ün geldiQini<br />
öne süren Komkar B8l1kanr, "Bunlonn slYOSI baskldon<br />
koçmodlklonnl" belirterek, "DOI'ludokllnsonlorin mecburl<br />
olorok bOhya gOç <strong>et</strong>m<strong>et</strong> zorundo koldlklannl" söyledi.<br />
Program yaprmCISlnln, F~.:lerallçil1leri BakanltQo'nln<br />
raporunda kürtler'in .A.lmanya'da politik bazi amaçlar gOt.<br />
tüklerinin belirti':li(jine il18r<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong>mesi üzer:ne konul1an<br />
Prof. Di<strong>et</strong>rich Thronhard, kürtlerin, çel1itli l18hirler<strong>de</strong> Y3'<br />
banellar Qünlerin<strong>de</strong> tertiplèdikleri toplantllarln, Türkiye<br />
BüyükelçlliQi taralIndan, Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Dll1il1leri nezdin<strong>de</strong> 11er<br />
<strong>de</strong>fas'nda protes!o edildiQini öne sürerek, "KOrt <strong>de</strong>mak.<br />
lerl ve kOrtlor'ln Almanya'yo uyum çobalon dolrna oloy o!u.<br />
yor. Ancak. PKK, Almanyo'dokl kOrtler oroslnda ufo~ tll'<br />
grubu lfl$kll edlyo(' <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
'J.11.87<br />
• .3'0mi/itan, gäreilli ögr<strong>et</strong>:meni leaflrdl ...<br />
PKK, OKUL yAKTI<br />
TUNCELI, Mil .HA<br />
lT:UNCELI'nin ovacik ilçesine bagh Sarlt14 köyünü bas an PKK<br />
!Jmilitanlan, okulu atele verrikten sonra ögr<strong>et</strong>men Hamdl Akçan'I<br />
ya!llar.na r.li.rak kaçtllar,<br />
Önceki gece ilçe;'e bagh Santal köyün= gelen ve saYllan 30 kadar<br />
ùldugu sanllan PKK militanlan, k5jlüleri köy meyd~nmda topladllar.<br />
Crgütün pro;,agandaslnl' yapan PKK mili(anjan, daha sonra okula ben.<br />
zin d5ki;p ~le)e verdiler. Köy<strong>de</strong> bir süre kalan PKK militanlanmn, ög.<br />
rellT'"ni <strong>de</strong> yanlanna alarak köy<strong>de</strong>n uzaklalUklar! bildi~iid;. Oiivenlik<br />
ekipltri, genii çapll operasyonlara b~lad!.<br />
Üt- ;'andan öneeki giin güvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>lerinee yakalanan 18 PKK<br />
.,empatizanmdan Ii 'inin kimlikleri ögrennui. Ilçenin Tekeli, Tanyolu,<br />
Ayranh, A;agl Yigitier ve Bahkh kö~lerin<strong>de</strong>n olan toplam Il kisin;n,<br />
iirgütün kurye görevini yapt,r.\3n -ie .:~mpaIÎ!an ol~uklan ö~enildi. Sem.<br />
patizanlann, Kuzey Irak tampen bÖlgesillôt~: PKK l'e ~ynhkç' hm,).<br />
larla Türkiye arasmda !rtibat sagladlklw bildirilril. Sempatizanlann<br />
kimlikleri söylc:<br />
RlY6d Çif!çl, Sem!<strong>et</strong>tin Uy!a1, Mustafa Yücel, Sallh Demir, 5ükrii<br />
Uy!a!, I!mall Oemlr, Namlk Bedük, Nasir Çlfiçl. Çlm,1t Töre, Tablr<br />
Ya,ar 'Ie Tahir Akb~~.<br />
Oie yanda". Isken<strong>de</strong>run' Emniycl Amirlifi eklplerir.in dÜ!enle,igi ope.<br />
rasyen sonueUl;da, PKK hefabma çahstlgl belirtilen Sebmus Akay ~dli<br />
estar kaçakçlsl, ëlü ohrak eIe geçirildi. Asker kapgl oldugu bildirilen<br />
~h:nus Akay'm bir ka,llnia birliklr<br />
saklandlgl evdc 2 adrl 14'Iij Belçi.<br />
• a ve Çek yaplsl tabanea, çok sa.<br />
Ylda mermi ve 50 ~iloya yakm esrar<br />
bulundu. Sebm~s A~ay'm Luh.<br />
nan'm 8ekaa Yad:si'n<strong>de</strong>ki kamelar.<br />
d~ egitim giirdügü, PKK hesabma<br />
uY\l;lun't:u maddc kaçakçlhgl yap.<br />
Iig) hi!dirildi.<br />
(lU arada ~!usay'>in'dc belcdivc<br />
santi'. ~\in<strong>de</strong> tas klrma isini ü~llen~r<br />
mùtrahhil Abme! Alkan, PI\K knt.<br />
kusuy;a isi blraktl.<br />
42'.<br />
~<br />
12.11.87<br />
27 PKK'cl yakalandl<br />
•<br />
[ljVARBAKIR,<br />
HClkkâr'l'(JP!d CP2' J'. '{Clniai da eie geçidlen ki~llerin<br />
IJÖlqp(i:Äld v~ Kars".:' ~". cnhk kuvv<strong>et</strong>:erinc.i. y~p:!an seri ope.<br />
I~_ J r~\\'01Iarja 27 Pi" .. !' ,lil.~:I:,sîlaluan ::~ 'lirtik1eè geçirildi.<br />
-- Er!inilen biiziye gl'Ie lfJUâri'r.in Çukurc~ 'le ~~illdinli ilte.<br />
",rin<strong>de</strong> güvenli~ ku,'\'e~~e!l"cl' b:rçlKI~t;ri:en bir d'zi o;Jerasyunda,<br />
l'KK olgiilüne yar1ir,I, \
..<br />
•<br />
14.11.87<br />
Sürvanilik<br />
• GAPVallsl olarak anllan Alpaslan Karacan,<br />
"Akçakale'<strong>de</strong> bazI kl~lIerln Araplar<br />
adlna toprak aldlQln1duyduk, yerln<strong>de</strong><br />
ara~tlrdlk. çok fazla mlktarda toprak<br />
allndl9lnl tesplt e<strong>de</strong>medll
!YARBAKIP. Kapah CezJeVi'ne ni-<br />
D haï<strong>et</strong> girebildim. BölüeüJük id~asIYla<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong> Güvenlik Mahkemesl'n<strong>de</strong><br />
~<br />
YaT&Uananve 10 aj.du eezaevinri~ tutuklu<br />
olan Mardie SHP mille,~e1~ adaYI Abm<strong>et</strong><br />
Türk'ie uzun uzun konu~abildim.<br />
Cezaevin<strong>de</strong> Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk' le birlikte 250<br />
siyasi tutuklu dat:;, yaoyor. Bu 1O~i1erarasmda<br />
19-20 y~lannda <strong>de</strong>likanWar da var.<br />
65 y~lannda, 67 y~lannda ihtiyarla! d~.<br />
Hepsi <strong>de</strong>, bölüeüJük iddiaslyla Devl<strong>et</strong> Gu-<br />
\"enlik Mahkemesi' n<strong>de</strong> yarg1lamyor.<br />
117 KI~ILlK KOQU~<br />
Abm<strong>et</strong> Türk'ie konujmalamr.l, birlikte<br />
kaJdl~ 117 ki~ilik birinei kogujta yapum.<br />
20 m<strong>et</strong>re uzunlugundaU kogu~, 6 m<strong>et</strong>re<br />
gcui~ligin<strong>de</strong>ydi. Duvarlat boyunea <strong>de</strong>mÏJ<br />
Ianzalar sualannu~U. Ranzalar Y'IIlyana biti~tirilmi~lerJi<br />
ve ilk kez gÖrüyoruLI, hepsi<br />
<strong>de</strong> üç kathydl. Tutuklular, r;.nzal ..nn ayak<br />
uçl;1n/ldan Onnanarar ginbil;yorlardJ yataklanna.<br />
B~n, Abm<strong>et</strong> Türk'le, bu kar~lhk!J ran-<br />
I.a ,.:a1annm arasmda olujan iki m<strong>et</strong>re gelIijligin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
kori<strong>de</strong>r,Ja kon!J~abildjm.<br />
~lm:rti: r:1T:mITr\w:J.:.T:Jfl'{.'~1~ It; [~rT""1tIII<br />
Tutuklu adayla kOnu$tuk<br />
• Mardin Kapall Cezaevl''1<strong>de</strong>kl SHP liste bâSI mill<strong>et</strong>vekili ad,1YI<br />
I<br />
Abm<strong>et</strong> Türk, 1973 ve 1977 seçimlerin- rioe beD <strong>de</strong> dilekçeml razdim. Bag.mslZ<br />
<strong>de</strong> iki kez mill<strong>et</strong>vekiii s,çilmi~ti. TBMM'<strong>de</strong> aday!J.k için bBJvuruda bulundum. Buou,<br />
iki dönem t.'.ardin CHP miU<strong>et</strong>vekili olarak bir tepki ouuo diye yapOm."<br />
gorev yapoktan soora, bu y1l1 Kaslm'da "DOSTLARIMI KIRAMADIM"<br />
yap!laea~ i1an edilen seçimiere katJ!abilmek Abm<strong>et</strong> Türk, SHP'ye ikinei ke? ne<strong>de</strong>n<br />
için Si-lP'ye adayhk b~vuru.;unda bulun- ba~vurdugu sorumu ise ~öyle yanttladl:<br />
tiu. SHP'yi olu~lUrar. SODEP'in kurulu~u "Tekrar partiye bBJvurmayJ dÜlüomü-<br />
S1faslOda Mardin il ve ilçe örgütlerinin ku- yordum.ÇaliJmalanma baiJawz olm<br />
fil1u~unda <strong>et</strong>kin gii:evler a1nuj, bu partinin bBJlllllifllm ve bUDa <strong>de</strong>Vim e<strong>de</strong>cei.;lim.<br />
I,<br />
. Atlm<strong>et</strong> Turk'ie kogu~ta, mahkum dostlan ar~s~lnda sÖyle~tlk<br />
Kof1u,tU:J uilurlama B(J/OcO/OkIddlas/yla 10ayd" cezaevln<strong>de</strong> tu.<br />
tuklu alan Ahm<strong>et</strong> TUrk, konu$mamlZln sonunda blzl kogu$ kap/sma kadar<br />
ugurlayarak, "TUrk/ye'yltam anlamlyla. gerçek blr çagda~ Ulke yapmak Is.<br />
lIyorsak, slyasal gell$meler lçln gerekll özgOrlUklerl klsillayall engel/erl <strong>de</strong><br />
kaldumal/Ylz" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
daha sonra Halkçl Parti ill ~irle~mesin<strong>de</strong>n Manlio Mill<strong>et</strong>leldll Kenan Nuri NehrowgJu<br />
sonra SIiP'ye kaydolmLljtu. geldi. Beal partiye döom~ye ikDa elmeye<br />
ADm<strong>et</strong> Türk'ün SHP'ye adayhk b~vu- Ça!JJII. il bBJkillllDlZ blrkaç kfZ &radi. Gerusu,<br />
Genel Merkez tarafindan v<strong>et</strong>o ediJmi~, nel Merkez'e glttigiol ve partiye adaybgJ Içio<br />
b'.'nun üzerine Türk, Mardin ba~ms1Z mil- bBJvurdugu takdir<strong>de</strong> bir daba v<strong>et</strong>o edilel<strong>et</strong>vekili<br />
aday: olmu~tu. meyecegime dilr temlnat a1D11I.Onu llÖy-<br />
Seçim tarihinin <strong>de</strong>gi~tirilip, 5HP aday- ledi. ManIio'<strong>de</strong>ki tüm Uçe bBJkauJ&rID1JZ<br />
lannlO i'>nseçinùe belirlenmesi karannd1n geldiler. Araya arkadaflarumz. doslIBnD1JZ<br />
soor: Abm<strong>et</strong> Türk, yeni<strong>de</strong>n SHP'ye aJa)' glrdiler. BeD <strong>de</strong> Dolan Iaramadua. Yeni<strong>de</strong>n<br />
adayhk b~vurusunda bulurunu~ ve önseçim bBJvuruda buluomafl kabul <strong>et</strong>lim."<br />
sonunda <strong>de</strong>legelerin tümüne yaklOlOlOoyu- SHP Mardin il örgütünün bu ilgisinin<br />
nu a1arak, Mardin'oe SHP listes.n<strong>de</strong> birin- ne <strong>de</strong>nli içten oldugunu sordum.<br />
ci aday olmu~tu. "Bea, bapDlSlZ aday olarak çahfmala-<br />
Abm<strong>et</strong> TErk'e önee adayllk b8.jvurusu- nma bqlayuJca @HP'alo MllfdiD'<strong>de</strong> bJç<br />
nun v<strong>et</strong>o ediimesi konusunda görü~ünü ~II kalmllllllll" <strong>de</strong>di Abm<strong>et</strong> Türk. "Hesordum.<br />
meo bemeu bütüo SHP Dylan beo<strong>de</strong> top-<br />
Bu konuda lunJan söyledi: lanacull."<br />
"BeD, SafID Gend B.,ua'm böyle blr Mardin'<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> boylesine sevilme ne<strong>de</strong>ni<br />
lutum ho<strong>de</strong> buJunm8.SlDl,böyle bir dnra- ni <strong>de</strong> sordum.<br />
Dlliçiné glrebilecegioi labmln <strong>et</strong>memiJtic;. "MardiJa küçük bir yerdir. Herkes bir-<br />
Doua bu tutumuou öoce<strong>de</strong>D tahmlo elsey- birial taw" <strong>de</strong>di Ahmfl Türk, "ikJ dödim,<br />
aday!J.kiçin asia bBJvuruda buluDmaz- oem milIelvekilllgi yapllm. Beni çok Iyltadim.<br />
'Onun hakklDda bw ku~kulanm var' Dlrlar. Aynca bBJka bk üé<strong>de</strong>D daba var:<br />
<strong>de</strong>mlf blSlDa. Buoa çok üzüldüm. SaYln BiDm ba1luD1JZhr zamao Il)aiduruo YI-<br />
Geoel BBJkan lÖyIe diyebilirdl: 'Su ~ada DIOda olmuftur. Benim cezaevlo<strong>de</strong> buluouygun<br />
bulmuyorum. Aday olmastn' diye- mamdan ölürü bana çok <strong>de</strong>slek vermeye<br />
biUrdi. FakatlOD gäoe kadar oouo bu' tu- bUlrdi balluD1JZ.Bu oe<strong>de</strong>ale baoa Ugl çok<br />
tcmuodao baberdar edilmemem, bBJvuru büyüdü. SHP, Mardio'<strong>de</strong> lamameo siliosiirtsipiJ<br />
I¥tim1oe iiç ,WI. k~ k,adar be- di. DeiiJ seçim kuaomak, seçim ça~~masl<br />
o.ipl ~llItumuodaaUberilP
..<br />
'1.IUtv-""', çal.~malarlft~8~~;~ba~lanmad.<br />
ni almak istediAimiz Devl<strong>et</strong> geçeceAini belirtti.<br />
Planlama Te$kilall Ara$lIr- Prof. Dr. Inal Cem A$ma<br />
Grup Ba$kan Vekili Ya- kun, "Bö1ae<strong>de</strong>kl <strong>de</strong>al,im,<br />
~ar BaAb ise, kendisine yOnel- bölae Insanln aünlük y'a,atilen<br />
sorulan yamtlamaktan mandan kültürüne kadar <strong>de</strong>.<br />
kaçlndl. al$lkllkler göstereeek. Üni-<br />
EGiriM SORUNU verslteler<strong>de</strong> y'apalan ara$tlr-<br />
Konuyla ilgili gOrO~lerini malara göre; sulu tanm y'aaldlAlmlz<br />
Prof. Dr, Inal Cern pan insanlarla kuru tanm \a-<br />
A$kun, GAP'1n tamamlan- pan Insanlar araslnda küliür<br />
dlktan sonra, GOney DoAu rarkl vardu" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Anadolu'da ekimi yapllacak Projenin tamamlanma.<br />
taTlm alanlaTlmn geni~leyece- slyla birlikte, bölgeye göçün<br />
Aini, buna baAh olarak, 0 anaca~lnl belinen Prof. Dr,<br />
bolge<strong>de</strong> ya~ayan insanlarIn, A~kun, bolgenin yerle~im<br />
kuru taTlmdan sulu tarIma alanlarIflJn da ~iJ1ldi<strong>de</strong>n plan-<br />
GAP Projesi'ne tepki<br />
I<br />
Cenalz ÇtÇEK-ESKt~EHIR • Billm adamlan, flzlkl yatlnmlann ön plan.<br />
ITI ORKlYE'ala ekono. da Oldugu proje<strong>de</strong> "Insan unsurU"nun unutuldugunu,<br />
bunun da sosyalve kültürel bü-<br />
mlk \le sOlyal yapisi.<br />
ni d<strong>et</strong>~drecek nltellktekl<br />
proje" olarak <strong>de</strong>Aerlendirilen<br />
yÜk saklncalan oldugunu belirtlyorlar<br />
GAP 'ln kapsamlnda<br />
yer aldlAI bildirilen alt yapl<br />
çalt$malanna henUz ba$lanmaml$<br />
olmasl ele$tiriiiyor.<br />
Fiziki yaunmlann Otesin<strong>de</strong><br />
projenin en.önemli OAesi<br />
"Insan unsurunun" unutul.<br />
duAu belirtiliyor. Projenin<br />
<strong>de</strong>y he<strong>de</strong>nerine paralei olarak<br />
eAitim çall$malanna ba$lamlmaYI$lnl<br />
ele$tiren Anadolu<br />
ÜniversitesiOAr<strong>et</strong>im gOrevlilerin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Pror: Dr. tnal<br />
Cern A$kun, konunun son<br />
TOPLUMSAL<br />
<strong>de</strong>rece Onemli olduAunu belirtti.<br />
Aym konuda göriJ$leri<br />
lamp, düzenlenmesi gerekti-<br />
Aini vurguladl.<br />
BOlge<strong>de</strong>ki taTim alanlan-<br />
TIIn geni~lemesi, i~ ve i~ gO,ù<br />
potansiyelinin anmaSl, ekonomik,<br />
sosyal ve kOltürel ya-<br />
~aml ttimüyle <strong>de</strong>Ai~tireceAini<br />
vurgulayan Prof. Dr. A,kun,<br />
"Böllle<strong>de</strong> sermaye y'oaun tarim<br />
ml, y'oksa emek y'oaun<br />
tarim ml yapllacajll<br />
belirlenmelidir" <strong>de</strong>dI. Böykce<br />
bOlge<strong>de</strong> istihdam edilecek<br />
insan saylSl behrlenerek, proje<br />
çah~malaTirun da buna gOre<br />
yapllmasl gerekti~ine inandiAlni<br />
sOyledi.<br />
YASAM<br />
A$kun, "TOrky'e'<strong>de</strong> Açlk<br />
Öar<strong>et</strong>lm'j y lirOlen lek kurulu~<br />
olmamlz ne<strong>de</strong>niyle, pro-<br />
jêïiln özeltlkle e~iiim yönOyle<br />
i111i1i olarak Anadolu tni-<br />
'ersite~l'nia ortaya bir bakl$<br />
açlsl koy'abileeealni" belirtti.<br />
Prof. Dr. A$kun konusunun<br />
iJç ana yönU olduAunu<br />
ira<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>ti.<br />
~- GAP'la birlikle, ekononusl<br />
ve dolaYlslyla toplumsai<br />
ya,aml büy'Uk çapta <strong>de</strong>al-<br />
,eeek olan böige haikInIn,<br />
y'aygln ealtim y'oluy'la bu y'eni<br />
y'a,ama intibak <strong>et</strong>tirilme-<br />
51.<br />
III-Turkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
diAer bölgelerin,<br />
GAP bolgesiyle ekonomik,<br />
kulturel \'e genei<strong>de</strong><br />
toplumsal iji~kilerilli düzenleyebilmeleri<br />
için, Türkiye<br />
genelin<strong>de</strong>. GAP 'ta ba~layacak<br />
yeni hayatm Turkiye'ye<br />
tan1ll1masl amaclyla, ayn bir<br />
yaygll1 e!!itim prograIllllllIl<br />
hallrlanmasl,<br />
1,), GAP boillesinin yeni<br />
el
..<br />
I<br />
~<br />
19.11.87<br />
Korucuya 15 gün askeri egitim<br />
• M<strong>et</strong>e AKYOL yazlyar I<br />
IOILAÖANÜSTü Hal BöIge Valisi Hayri KozakÇloglu'yla<br />
birükte Diyarbaku'da bindigimiz<br />
helikopter, sarp kayallklardan olu~an<br />
yüksek dagJann kimi zaman tepeleri üzerin<strong>de</strong>n uçarak,<br />
kimi zaman bu dagJann çok daha yüksek tepeleri<br />
arasmdan slynlIrcasma geçerek bir buçuk saat<br />
sonra ~enoba köyüne geldi, kondu. '<br />
iki bin nüfuslu Senoba köyü, Hakkâri'nin Vlu<strong>de</strong>re<br />
ilçesine baglIdu. Türkiye'nin Güneydogu slmnndaki<br />
en uç köyler<strong>de</strong>n biridir Senoba.<br />
~enoba köyün<strong>de</strong>, 2. Jandanna Smlr Tabur KomutanhSJ<br />
bulunur.<br />
Biraz i1er<strong>de</strong>, karargâh binasmm önün<strong>de</strong> üç SICa<br />
dizilmi~ yöresel giysili bir birlik duruyordu. Yinnibir<strong>de</strong>n<br />
ba~laYlp, altml~lann üstüne kadar çlkan çe-<br />
~itli ya~lardaki 86 ki~i, tören düzenin<strong>de</strong> tuttuklan<br />
G-3 silahlanyla, sanki terti~e ham bir askeri birlik<br />
dikkati. titizligi ve disiplini için<strong>de</strong> bekliyorlard!.<br />
Vali Hayrl KozakçlOglu, Jandarma Asayi~ Komutaru<br />
Korgeneral Hulusl SaYIO'la birlikte birligin<br />
kafjlslna gelinceye kadar yürüdü ve birligin tam orlalarJ~dl\<br />
durarak.kar~lslndaki ki~i1eri gözlerivle klsa<br />
bir <strong>de</strong>n<strong>et</strong>im<strong>de</strong>n geçirdi. Sonra da, askeree selamladl<br />
onlan:<br />
"Merbaba, arkadqlsr" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
86 hançere<strong>de</strong>n, bir "sagoI" çlktl.<br />
çogunun ba~]an "ken egal" <strong>de</strong>nen ve siyahbeyaz<br />
kareli yumu~ak bir kuma~an yapilml~ yöresei<br />
ballIklarla örtülü "egllimi tamamlanan<br />
komeular" i1eri uzatllml~ elleriyle yüzlerinin hizasmdan<br />
ba~layarak dimdik tuttuldan silahlanm indirdiler,<br />
saR yanlanna yere dayadllar, kas kali du-<br />
rullanm da rahatlatlliar.<br />
Vali KozakÇ1oglu çok klsa bir konulma yapll.:<br />
, "Devl<strong>et</strong> size, goeuk bedlye gön<strong>de</strong>rdl" <strong>de</strong>di ve<br />
yardlmeilannm g<strong>et</strong>irdigi içi ve yakalan kürklü gotIIlùardan<br />
birini aldl, önün<strong>de</strong>ki korucuya gilti:<br />
, "Ilk goeugu ben glydlreytm" <strong>de</strong>di ve omuz b~.<br />
lanndan tullugu bir goeugu, karllsmdaki korueunun<br />
SlCima elleriyle giydirdi.<br />
"Saym Palam, blr goeuk da slz glydlrmez ml.<br />
llnlz?"<br />
Korgeneral Hululi SaYln da bir goeuk aldl ve<br />
o da bir balka korueuya elleriyle giydirdi 0 goeugu.<br />
"Bugtin bava gtinltik gUne,Uk amma, yakmda<br />
s02uklar ba~lar ~rllk"<strong>de</strong>d.i .vali KozakÇl04lu, "Sopkluda<br />
ülÜmeyesimz dlye c1evl<strong>et</strong> buman size göndudl."<br />
Korueular, gocuk Y1~nmdan Rocuk alIp,<br />
bu kez kendi b~ianna giymeye b8fladllar.<br />
Kimine ya dar geldi, ya da koUan klsa.<br />
Vali KozakçlogJu, "Baztlan dar olabillr, berkese,<br />
kendl be<strong>de</strong>DIDe uyan bir gocuk saglayacagJz"<br />
<strong>de</strong>di. "Sümerbank'ta ne kadar vma, bepslm aIdJk.<br />
~imdl bin tane daba ISmarladJk. Yalunda on-<br />
Ian da alaeailz .. , lçlerin<strong>de</strong> 54 be<strong>de</strong>n olam da var,<br />
50 be<strong>de</strong>n olaDl da var ... 0 zam,an, berkese uygun<br />
bir goeuk bulunaeakllr."<br />
Goeuk daSJtun törenin<strong>de</strong>n *** sonra hep birlikte karargâhm<br />
egitim alii alamna gittik.<br />
'Egitim all~ alarunda, b<strong>et</strong>ondan yapurrul özel <strong>de</strong>stekler<br />
vardl. Her <strong>de</strong>stegin 2S m<strong>et</strong>re kar~lsmda ise,<br />
birer he<strong>de</strong>f yapilmlltl. He<strong>de</strong>nerinüzerlerine, ona-<br />
Ian siyah, çevreleri numarah çizgili kâSJtlar yapllllnlmllt!.<br />
"Egltlmlerlnl tamam/ayan bu korueu arkadafhir<br />
slmdi size 2österl allsl yapaeaklar" <strong>de</strong>di Korge-<br />
~~-.<br />
nerâl Hulull Sa)'ln.<br />
Korueular, atel r.<strong>de</strong>eekleri bö/üm<strong>de</strong>ki yerlere geçtiler,<br />
herbiri kendi özel stiline göre yattJlar ve atele<br />
balla;hlar., '<br />
AlI~ sonunda he<strong>de</strong>ner üzerin<strong>de</strong>ki ni~angâh kâ.<br />
iltlan toplandl, allilann <strong>de</strong>gerlendirmesi yapJldl.<br />
Korgeneral Sa)'ln, ionuçtan çok memnun oldu:<br />
, "25 melre<strong>de</strong>n lU noktalsn vurabllmeDJn aDJa-<br />
UII, 200 m<strong>et</strong>re<strong>de</strong>n bir IDsam vurabllmek <strong>de</strong>mektir"<br />
<strong>de</strong>di ve allellan kutladlktan sonra, 6O'mm üstün<strong>de</strong>.<br />
ki bir korueuyu çaSlrdl:<br />
"Osman Bsbal ... Gel bakaIJm ... VaU Bey'e ve<br />
konuklanUIIZl blr göster bakahm marlf<strong>et</strong>ini" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
2S m<strong>et</strong>re iJer<strong>de</strong>ki he<strong>de</strong>f tahtasmlß üstüne inee bir<br />
çivi çaktJlar. Çivinin tepesin<strong>de</strong>n bir sigara geçirdi-<br />
1er. Osman Babat yere yatll, ni~an aldl ... Ilk all~ta<br />
<strong>de</strong>gil amma, ikinci atllta sigaraYI ikiye böldü.<br />
Korgeneral Rulusi Saym, 60 ya~mm üstun<strong>de</strong>lei<br />
korueuyu kutlarken Osman Babat, "OImadJ,<br />
olmadJ" diye söyleniyordu kendi kendine.<br />
"Tam göbegln<strong>de</strong>n tulluramadJm" diyordu,<br />
"Kenanndan sl)'lrdl, slgaraYllklye katladJ kUllun.<br />
Göbegin<strong>de</strong>n tUllursaydlm, sigara man ml kahrdJ<br />
~Imdj ortada?"<br />
***<br />
AUI alamndan aynhrken, korueulann egitimle.<br />
ri ilin<strong>de</strong> görev yapan bir subayla konu~tum.<br />
On bel gün<strong>de</strong>. bir asker disiplini için<strong>de</strong> egitilebildiklerini<br />
söyledi korueulann.<br />
:<br />
19.11.87<br />
• Böliicüler vine okul vak~,<br />
• Ertùg~ul piniNçç/oGLU<br />
• DIVARBAKIR (MIL-HA)<br />
IOjLAÖANÜSTÜ Hal Böige<br />
Valiligi, PKK teröTÜne kar-<br />
~I müea<strong>de</strong>le<strong>de</strong> teknolojik üstüoIük<br />
sagIanmasJ için yoguo bit reorganizasyon<br />
programJ b~lalli.<br />
Bölge<strong>de</strong>ki güvenlik birimleri,<br />
FrauslZ yaplllll Puma, Amerikan<br />
yaplllll Kobra ve Panter helikopterleriyle<br />
donaulacak. Aynca, Güney<br />
Afrika' dan, antiteror tipi zuhh<br />
araçlar ahnacak.<br />
Olaganüstü Hal BöIge Valisi<br />
Hayrt KozakÇloglu, Mlillyel'e yap-<br />
1I8J aÇlklamada, ilk ~amada önümüz<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
ay, Fransa'dan kiralanan<br />
Puma helikopterlerinin <strong>de</strong>vreye girecegini<br />
biJdirdi. Puma'lann bakun<br />
ve onanmml da FranSlZ linna üstlenecek.<br />
PKK, IlKOKUlU ATE$E VERDI<br />
Bu arada Tunee!i'nin il merke-<br />
• Oogu ve GüneYdogu Anadolu'dakl gÜvenlik blrlmleri<br />
Franslz yaPlml "PjJfna", Amerlkan yaDlml "Kobra"<br />
ve "Panter' marka hellkopterterte donatllacak Güney<br />
Afrlka'dan da antlterör tipi zlrhll araçlar alrnmaSIkararla~trnldl<br />
rine bag!! Gele~ köyiinü önceki gece<br />
basan bit grup PKK militam, saat<br />
21.00 SJralannda köy iIkokulunu<br />
atqe vererek yaktJ. MilitanIann yakaIanmasi<br />
için g~ çapl1 operasyowar<br />
sürdürü!üyor.<br />
PKK MAVINI<br />
Mardin'in Derik i1çesin<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
PKK militan1annca bit köy yoluna<br />
dÖlCnen maym patiadJ, 40 b~ koyun<br />
parçalanarak telef oldu. lIçeye<br />
koyun ~Iyan 23 DE 447 plakah sü-<br />
TÜeü Hwn Aylemlz yön<strong>et</strong>imin<strong>de</strong>leikamyon,<br />
PKK militan1annca yola<br />
dÖlfllen mayma çarparak parçalan.<br />
dl. InfIlak sonueu, 40 b~ koyun<br />
ölürken, kamyoD SÜTÜCÜSÜHwn<br />
Aytemlz <strong>de</strong> hafjf yaraIJ olarU kurtuldu.<br />
'<br />
IRA, OESTEKlEMlvDR<br />
Öle yandan' yasadij! Irlanda<br />
Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong> Ordusu (IRA) lerör örgütünün<br />
siyasi kolu SiIIa Fein,<br />
Türldye'cIeki PKK ç<strong>et</strong>esine biçbiT lt".<br />
kil<strong>de</strong> siJah yardum yapmadJguu, hiçbir<br />
terör örgütü ve ASALA i1e i~birligi<br />
içiD<strong>de</strong> olmadJklanm aÇlldadJ.<br />
SiD Fda'ID üst düzey y<strong>et</strong>ki\ilerio<strong>de</strong>n<br />
DIllllY Morrisoa, yapllgi<br />
açtklamada, "Biz, ll<strong>de</strong>ce mIIIly<strong>et</strong>.<br />
çi buek<strong>et</strong>leri ve ak1mIan <strong>de</strong>.teklerlz"<br />
<strong>de</strong>di. MorriJo., Bal1l1 ülke~<br />
lcrin Türldye'ye yÖndik dqtirilerme<br />
kalllmadtklaruu bildirdi ve Avrupaluan<br />
ikiyiiIlülül<strong>de</strong> suçladJ. .<br />
!<br />
20.11.87<br />
PKK marlnlna<br />
1$ehit<br />
• Celai SAYMAN • BITLis SilAH SIÖINAGI<br />
HAKKÂRi, MIL-HA Öte yandan Hakkâri'nin Çukur-<br />
IBliTLiS'te bir köy yoluna dö- ca ilçesine bagIl Üzümlü köyü y.a-<br />
~enen maYlna çarpan askeri kmlannda PKK 'ya ait bir slSJnak<br />
araçta bulunan bir er ~ehit onaya çlkanldl. SISJnakta bol mikoldu,<br />
6 güvenlik görevüsi i1e bir köy tarda mühimmat ile örgütlel dokümuhtan<br />
ise yaralandl. man eie geçirildi.<br />
Billis'e bagJl Kanalga köyü ya- KAN DAVASI MI?<br />
kmlannda dün saat 12.30 malann-, Bir süre önce DiyarbakIT'in Hada<br />
meydana gelen olayda, er Mem- ni ilçesine bagh Kennan mezraslna<br />
dub Türk lehit olurken, Kanalga yaptlan baskmda S yaklnl PKK miköyü<br />
muhtan ~aJdr Akbq, Jandar- litanlannca katledilen Kutb<strong>et</strong>tla Flma<br />
Üstegmeni Ral<strong>et</strong> Degerll, Ast, danay, PKK militanlanndan birinin<br />
subay Çavu~ Dolan Güngör, Ast- kardqi alan 22 y~mdaki RamlZlll<br />
subay Ömer Alp Be,ikçl, erler<strong>de</strong>n U1uk'u tabanca iJe vurarak aSlr ya-<br />
Ayban Pmarbap, Mebmel Çdlk ve raIadl.<br />
Mebm<strong>et</strong> O.tünçeUk Çelitli yerlerin- PKK'YA ALMAN YARDIMI<br />
<strong>de</strong>n yaralandllar. 'A\manya'da düzenlenen bir bas-<br />
Patlama iJe i1gili bir açlklama kIndan eie geçirilen PKK'nln fsaliyapan<br />
Bitlis Vaü Vekili Abdullab y<strong>et</strong>lerine ait gizli belgeler ve 700 bin<br />
Durukan, "Halnleria yaplIkian markm geri verilmesi Türkiye'<strong>de</strong><br />
yullnna kalmayaeak. Seblt er Ï1züntü ysralli. Türkiye, bu konu-<br />
Memdub Ttirk'e ABab'tan rabm<strong>et</strong>, daki üzünlülerini diplomatik kanal.<br />
yarahlara be adJ Plalar dlllyorum" lardan Alman hüküm<strong>et</strong>ine bildir<strong>de</strong>di.<br />
di.
..<br />
..<br />
21.11.87<br />
H~rri~e 21.11.87<br />
Bölücüler, ögr<strong>et</strong>menleri tehdit <strong>et</strong>meye ba,ladl ...<br />
PKI(, okuf kundakflyor<br />
• PKK m1litanlarl kundakla.cl1kJ.a.n n-<br />
kokullarm ögr<strong>et</strong>menlerini, &El?Y8la.nruzl<br />
kma S'Üre<strong>de</strong> toplaylp bu bö!geyi<br />
terk ectin. Akai hal<strong>de</strong> sonunuz kOtü<br />
olur" d.1yerek tehdit ed.1yorla.r...<br />
• .Ayr1l1kçl tel'Oristlerin Türkçe airenime<br />
~1 ~ri ey1eÏn1erIDe,<br />
li<strong>de</strong>rleri Abdiinali ÖC8lan'm t.JI1hnmy-<br />
. la bqlad1k1ar1 öjrenlldJ..<br />
AHMET<br />
YORK: 15 yda kadar<br />
hapsi isteniyordu.<br />
Hapisteki<br />
.SIIP adayt<br />
Türk serbest<br />
Diyarbalur / sm BöIücü örgüt<br />
üyesi oldugu iddiaslyla yargùanan<br />
SHP Mardin mill<strong>et</strong>vékili adayJ Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Türk tahliyé edildi. iki dönem<br />
kapatùan CHP'<strong>de</strong>n mill<strong>et</strong>vekili seçilerek<br />
parlamentoda görev alan Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Türk, Derik ilçesine baglI Ath<br />
kàylin<strong>de</strong>ki gorkemli ~tosuyla dikkaUeri<br />
üzpnne çekmi.\;ti. ~ato'da yapùan<br />
aranla sonucu böIücü nitelikte<br />
yaymlar eie geçirildigi öne sürülm~tü.Diyarbalur<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong> Güvenlik Mahkemesin<strong>de</strong><br />
yapIian dünkü dur~madam~en:1e<br />
i1ey<strong>et</strong>l Nusaybin'<strong>de</strong> orgüt<br />
~JeJ1iaIIl\lnmn uzerin<strong>de</strong> bulunan<br />
~ifre notunull çozüidtiiunù. Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Türk'ÜIJ örgutle lI~klSl olduguna lli~kin<br />
<strong>de</strong>lillere rastlanmadlk1m belirtti<br />
ve iyi halini <strong>de</strong> gozonune alarak tahliyesine<br />
karar vcrch<br />
Nac! SAPAN<br />
Haydar KORKMAZ<br />
U:-;CEI). (hha) .h nllk,1<br />
Y PKK Or~ulu. IIdl'rh.ri Ahdullah<br />
ÖClllan'lIl llllil1lall\ la<br />
kO\ dkokullarllll kundakL.<br />
rnàya. Turkt.;( ol!rt't mIl t'n~plk.<br />
111('\('. ogrl'tnwn!l'f1 d(. ll'helit<br />
<strong>et</strong> n"ll'.\ l' t>H~I~HIl<br />
(;u\"cnllk k ll\ \ l't 1er!.<br />
TKI' 1\IL l'arti7Aln iir~lIl11'<br />
nun TUIl('eh'dp l.thinlu!1n1n C'I'<br />
dt1rl.k alalma~llldan ~{;Ina hol.<br />
~e\l' l'KK mihlanhnmn ka\'.<br />
maya ha~ladu~1Tll ...aptadl 'ù:nl<br />
('.... ll,1ll .lbl1l olarak TUllt'l'IJ\ I<br />
"-'ç('n l'KK l1lilltanl.lrlnlll hali"<br />
kar~lIarma nlmallwk amaclyla,<br />
'limdihk oldurt11t' t'\ It-mll'nlll<br />
gen;ek I(,~t irlllt'dJ k h'fI n[:,rl'l1Ildl<br />
~Iilltanlarlll ko\ I.,rt, ~)(ll'rtmenkri <strong>de</strong><br />
uyaTlld.lar, Ogr<strong>et</strong>men)ere hil~1<br />
verilirken yakla~lk 20 ~iin ka.<br />
dar önce Siirt'in $.mak fIçesi'n<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
Ara Köyü'n<strong>de</strong>ki il.<br />
kokulun da kundaklandlgl. ci~r<strong>et</strong>menil'lin<br />
iS
DEVAM<br />
uzmi Ïncebir 'Tal" ~~21111<br />
Yùmaz Güney'in ustal1kl1 senaryosundan<br />
yola ÇIkarak ~erif Gör~n'in yön<strong>et</strong>tigi<br />
ve ~l1ca rollen Tank Akan, Halil Ergün,<br />
Meral Orhonsay, ~rif Sezer'in payl~tlk-<br />
Ian "Yol", 12Eylül sonrasmda bir bayram<br />
boyunca memlek<strong>et</strong> izni yapan be~ mahkumun<br />
paraleI öyküleri üzerine kurulu. 1982<br />
yilinda Gabriel Garcia Marquez'in ba~kam<br />
oldugu bir jün tarafmdan Cannes<br />
Film $enligi'n<strong>de</strong> "Altm Palmiye" ödülünü<br />
Costa Gavras'm yurdumuzda da gös-.<br />
terilen "Missin!:""(KaYlp) filmiyle parla.-<br />
~an "Yol"un kurgusu ve SCSllltldiflllesi<br />
y~mda bizzat Yllmaz Güney tarafmdan<br />
yap~ ve dünyanm birçok ülkesin<strong>de</strong><br />
gösterime girm~ti.<br />
"Yol", <strong>de</strong>stm1Sl bir anlatlmla, gün<strong>de</strong>lik<br />
gerçekleri; doganm aelmaSlZ kO$ullanyla,<br />
amanslz toplumsaJ çat~malan birarada<br />
sunma b~nsl kazanml~ en<strong>de</strong>r filmlerimiz<strong>de</strong>n<br />
biri. Filmin er<strong>de</strong>mleri ~unlar: Ustal1kl1<br />
bir kurgu, y<strong>et</strong>kin bir sinema dili, iyi<br />
bir "taklffi oyuneulugu", içe ~leyen bir<br />
mü71k ve nefis görüntüler.. Demokrasive<br />
gcçi~, AET'ye giri~ ve "çag" hcsaplan tu-<br />
L1nlar. Türk Sinemasmm YÜ7.aklolan böylesi<br />
bir filmi "Kültür BakanlJgi"ml1 özel<br />
bir gösterisiyle sunduklannda gerçck bir<br />
smav ver~ olurlar. Üst taraf1 zaten onca<br />
zamandlr üzerin<strong>de</strong> "yol" alamadl{:Jmlz<br />
makash, sansür!ü, baskll1 uzun, inee bir<br />
yo!. Ki onun da memlek<strong>et</strong>e bunea ylldlr<br />
bir hayn dokunmadt{:l ortada.<br />
,.<br />
söz 21.11.87<br />
'Kürt'ün Sesi' Amerika'da<br />
21.11.87<br />
"KÜTdistan" olarak adlandmnaya özen<br />
Sava, SOZAL I Washington gösteren Îzadi, dil birliginin, par~<br />
Amerikah profesörler Türk resmi tezini sa- dururnda olan bu azmhk için<strong>de</strong> milliy<strong>et</strong>çi .<br />
bir ruhun ortaya ÇIkmasma da katk1da bu-<br />
~~~~~ ~ifa~~Kürtler "ha- lunaca{:Jm belirtti. .<br />
6 U '1o'>U.UA .. • e~. ToplantJda son olarak kon~ Musta-<br />
Toplanbda. Amerika'mn .. Sesi.' .Radyo-. fa Hem ABD'nin 1920'<strong>de</strong>ki"Wilson Be- .<br />
SU"~ljlß~ ~!~~'~l~yq>";'yannam~" ...fie.--wihte ilk -k~ Kürtlerin .<br />
so~~<strong>de</strong>el~ '. bagunsJz bir <strong>de</strong>v1<strong>et</strong> kurmalarJ konusuna<br />
ABD mn Baltimore kentin<strong>de</strong> düzenlenen 'egilen ülke' oldugunu ifa<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>ti. Hezri, i<br />
"Kuzey ~ ana Dotu Arqtmna- "Kürtleri basklyla eritmeye ~ Türki-<br />
Ian Enstitüsfl"nun yill1k olagan loplantJ- ye, Bulgaristan'
..<br />
22.11.87<br />
a."iirliifliill _tl'IIC' Yalemlarmm VB lealaballle par.<br />
till grubunun Izlad/~1 durugmada mahleeme hey<strong>et</strong>lnln tahl/.<br />
ye karan vermesln<strong>de</strong>n sonra Ahm<strong>et</strong> TUrle 500 araballk<br />
leonvoyla Once SHP Il Bagleanll~/'na, oradan da Mardln'In Oe.<br />
rile I/çaslne ba~/1 Atll kOyUn<strong>de</strong>lelgOrleemli mal/kAnesl Karsr'i<br />
Kanco'ya glttl... .<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk'e<br />
tahliye<br />
• Mahkeme hey<strong>et</strong>l, Türk'ie IIglll kanltlann toplandlglni,<br />
ancak blr PKKbasklnlnda eie geçlrlldlgl öne sürülen<br />
esrarenglz slfreyl çözecek uzmal11nbulunamadl'<br />
glnl bellrttl. Sifre, Ankara'Ya gön<strong>de</strong>rlldl<br />
rSeyf<strong>et</strong>tin ÖZGEZER. Fadullah BUlUTTEKiN I<br />
• DIYARBAKIR" (Mil-HA) rak .ume' Tück'WI taI1.lJyesineka-<br />
KK militanJanoa yardun <strong>et</strong>- rar verdi<br />
P titi ve KürkçüIük propagan- TORK'ON ilK DURAGI SHP<br />
~ das! yapo8J iddias1y1aDiyar- PU miliWlWu1a yardun <strong>et</strong>tibakrr<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong> Guvenlik Mahkemesi' . ti ve KürtçüIuk propagandan yapn<strong>de</strong><br />
tutukIu olarak yargJlanan SHP ug. gerekçesiyle yargllandltJ Devl<strong>et</strong><br />
Mardin MLll<strong>et</strong>vekili adaYI Abm<strong>et</strong> Guven1ik Mahkernesi'nce tahliye<br />
lück tahliye edildi. edilen Abm<strong>et</strong> Tück, œzaevin<strong>de</strong>n Ç1-<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Tück'un dünkü duruj- kar Çlkmaz, 500 araçlJk konvoyla<br />
rnasma yakln1an ve çok saYlda Diyarbakir SHP il binasma geldi.<br />
SHP'IJ mahkemeyi doldurdu. Mah- Burada da kalabaIJk bir pani topkerne<br />
hey<strong>et</strong>i, Abm<strong>et</strong> Tück ile ilgili lulugu tarafmdan k~lIanan Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
karutlann IOplandtguu,ancak evin<strong>de</strong> Tück, SHP Diyarbalur milI<strong>et</strong>vekili<br />
ele geçirilen jifreyi Mardin'<strong>de</strong> çöze- adaylanyla bir sure gö~ü. Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
cek blr uzrnamn bulunrnadig.mn, Türk, yapug. kIsa konujrnada, <strong>de</strong>emniy<strong>et</strong><br />
müdtirtugüoùn yanlanndan mokrasi mücad<strong>de</strong>si verdiklerini bean1~Lldl~m<br />
belirtti. TUck'un aV1)- lirterek, "Bizim IUYI, ekmeie Ihkallan<br />
MusWa Ozer, F<strong>et</strong>hi Gümü, ÜYICIIDIZyok. Demokruiye, <strong>de</strong>.<br />
ve Hamit Karakoç, müvekkillerinin, mokrttik hakim IbtiYICIIDIZvar"<br />
<strong>de</strong> geçirilên jifreyle bir ilgisi olma- <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
ditJru soylediler. A\'U.aùar, tutuk- Ahm<strong>et</strong> Tück, daha sonra 500<br />
luluk suresmll <strong>de</strong> gOlOnune alma- araçhk konvoyla Mardin'in Derik<br />
r3k Tuck'un tahhyesllli istediler. ilçesine bagh Alli köyiin<strong>de</strong>ki gör-<br />
DGM SavelSI da, çozüJerneyen kemli ~tosu Kasr'l Kanco'ya gitti.<br />
jifrenm Emruy<strong>et</strong> Gene! MüdÏlrlügu' Tück ve beraberin<strong>de</strong>kiler Mardin,<br />
ne gön<strong>de</strong>rilerek çozu!mesini vè sa- KLZIltepeve Derik ilçe!erin<strong>de</strong> göv<strong>de</strong><br />
na: Tiirk'ùn tahJJyewj lstedi. Mah- gasterisi yapuktan sonra "Kasr-I<br />
kerne heveu, saVCIOJnIsteijne uya- KIDeo"ya ulajular.<br />
21.11.87<br />
"Kendilerini fa$lzme sattllar"<br />
PKK:-Kutlu ve<br />
Sargln hain~<br />
•<br />
Terör Orgütü PKK,Haydar Kutlu ve Nlhat Sargln'In<br />
gOzaltlna allnmalannl "gOstermelik"<br />
olarak nlteledl ve "Kendllerine karsl müca<strong>de</strong>le<br />
faslzme \carsi savas anlamlna gellr" <strong>de</strong>di<br />
~ • BOlent ZARIF • BONN<br />
IpIKK, bu bafta .da yasaI parti çalijmalanru b~lalmak amaCl<br />
Ue Türkiye'ye döuen TBKP Genel Sekr<strong>et</strong>eri Hlydlr Kullu<br />
iIe NIUt Sq.'1 "YiIkiJe'<strong>de</strong>Id drvriDKi barekeÜD blialeri"<br />
olarak nitelendirerek, "Fa¥zme YC bunl bizme' e<strong>de</strong>Dlere kI'll mü.<br />
ca<strong>de</strong>lealz lireœktlr" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
KDda ve Sarpa'm döu~ senaryolannm çok uzun bir suredir<br />
kapah kapllar ardmda hmrlandJgJm ve ~u andaki lUluklanmalannID<br />
da yalmz &östermelik oldugunu ileri süren PKK, "YIIllrdlt kendileriDi<br />
Tirkiye'ddd .. ica<strong>de</strong>itaiD öacüsü ollrak &ös'erenler, ,imdi<br />
fa¥zmia IlfUDuculanDl kucakhyorllr" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Genel sekr<strong>et</strong>erleri rejimin hizm<strong>et</strong>kârlan olarak gösteren PKK, TKP<br />
ve TiP'in kendilerinin Türkiye'<strong>de</strong> verdikleri kurtulu~ sava~ml karalaya<br />
karalaya rejimin geri dönü~ için kaplYI açmaslm sagladlg.m<br />
i1eri sürerek täyle <strong>de</strong>di: "BuDllr keudileriDi fqizme Il'ml,llnhr.<br />
Yärkiye' drki drnimd bmkele Ibue. <strong>et</strong>mqlenlir. KeDdileriue kl'll<br />
!Düel<strong>de</strong>le e.mek, IYDIZUluda fqizme kllli slvqmlk IDllmml<br />
ceHr. Bu b1zmelkirbk yalm Kutlu YC SIIlID'11 kllmlYlnk, YIU'<br />
tiqlln dl psalÜre IOBra kOBsoIoslukllrdl Ceri dÖDmek içiD UZUD<br />
kuyruklar olulturacaklrir. Bu De<strong>de</strong>DI<strong>et</strong>im Deriei cüçleri, Tücki.<br />
ye'<strong>de</strong>ki <strong>de</strong>vrimci blrek<strong>et</strong>e &öICCdü~ireD ve IhlDel e<strong>de</strong>uleri lekeie.<br />
••eye çlimyoruz."<br />
21.11.87<br />
37 PKK'II yakalandl<br />
InllYARBAKIR<br />
kent merkezin<strong>de</strong> komlte kurma çaltgmasl<br />
için<strong>de</strong> oldukla(/ belirtllen vePKK'ya y~rdl"! ve yatakllk<br />
<strong>et</strong>tikleri saptanan 37 kl$l, guvenltk guçlerlnln operasyonu<br />
sonucu'yakalandl. Yakalanan/a(/n ba(/nd/klan yer/er.<br />
<strong>de</strong> 4 ad<strong>et</strong> uzun namlulu si/ah, bir tabanca, hazlflanmlg pat.<br />
laY/CI mad<strong>de</strong>ler ve bol mlk/arda merm/ eie geçiri/di. Yakala.<br />
nanla(/n, b(jlge<strong>de</strong>kl birçok baskin. (jldOrme ve ya~a/~ma.ey.<br />
lemlerine ka/lldlklarl açlklandl. Ote yandan, Mardin In C,zre<br />
i/çesln<strong>de</strong> klsa sare once giJven//k goçleriylegirdikleri si/a"',<br />
çawmada olu o/arak eie geçiri/en 7 PKK m/lltanlnln, çe$''''<br />
eyle~/er<strong>de</strong> 100'0 a$kln kl$/nin (jldOrOlmesin<strong>de</strong>n sorum1u 01-<br />
dukla(/ bi,di(/Idi. (DIYARBAKIR MIL.HA)<br />
49
TerciilnDn<br />
Sotya Radyosu<br />
iyice çarplttl<br />
"Irklann çogunu<br />
Türkler kalleUi"<br />
SaYl1 NARMANLlOGI.U<br />
ERZURUM, (Tl.'rcüman).<br />
Türkler aleyhine yapllan her<br />
lürlü iftira kampanyalanna<br />
çanak açan, Türkler'i her fir.<br />
salla renci<strong>de</strong> elmek için elin.<br />
<strong>de</strong>n gelen çabaYI gösleren<br />
Sofya Radyosu, bu <strong>de</strong>fa da<br />
u)'durma senar)'olarla TOrk.<br />
ler'i "barbar" olarak tanlta.<br />
rak, dünya üzerin<strong>de</strong>ki uklann<br />
çogunun, TOrkler tara fmdan<br />
öldOrüldU~OnU çirkin bir<br />
$ekil<strong>de</strong> iddia edi)'or.<br />
Sofya'da açllan bir resim<br />
sergisi ill.' ilgili TOrkçe )'aym<br />
)'apan rad)'o, SOOyll bo)'un-<br />
Tercü.man 28. 11 .87<br />
HP kökenli<br />
Elgin'<strong>de</strong>n<br />
23.11.87<br />
ca Osmanh Imparalorlu~u<br />
topraklarmda )'a$a)'an Slav,<br />
Yunan, Ermeni, ,Asap, Amavut,<br />
Acem, Kürt, Ççrkez, Romen<br />
ve Laz'lann, TOrkler tarafmdan<br />
soykmma tâbi lutuldugunu<br />
iddia elli.<br />
Bulgarlar arasmda 10 mil-<br />
)'on MüslOman bulundugunu,<br />
bu Müslümanlar'in da<br />
"Uulgarlar'lß ahbabl" oldugunu,<br />
1913 )'Ihnda onbinlcrce<br />
Bulgar'ln Türkler tarafmdan<br />
katledildi~ini utanmadan<br />
sö)'le)'en rad)'o, Ermeniler'e<br />
<strong>de</strong> u$akhk yaparak, lam bir<br />
Ermcni agzlyla Türklcr'in<br />
Ermeniler'i öldOrdU~UnU<br />
slIylemeklen çckinmedi.<br />
TUrk lopraklan 07.crin<strong>de</strong><br />
)'a$a~'an insanlan birbirlerinc<br />
dü~man ctrnek için, TUrk<br />
dü~manlanlla borazanhk ya.<br />
pan radyo, son plarak Turk.<br />
ler'i harbar olarak da lanll.<br />
II.<br />
DYP'1i<br />
vaad:<br />
"TV'<strong>de</strong><br />
Kürlçe yaYln!"<br />
.Mecïïs'e glrerse<br />
.,.JOiyarbaklr kontenjan adaYI, Meclis'e girince ar ..<br />
kada:;;lanyla birlikte önerge vererek "TV'<strong>de</strong> Kürtçe<br />
yaytn" saglayacaklartnl söyledi, "$erefim<br />
üzerine söz veriyorum" <strong>de</strong>di<br />
ERGANt- DYP Diyarba- paganda yapacak. ögr<strong>et</strong>ilmekir<br />
kontenjan ada)'1 HP kö- digi için bihnedigi Türkçe yekenli<br />
Ali thsan Elgin, "Kürt- rine bildigi Kürtçe'yi konu$çe<br />
konu$manan bir suç olma- tu diye <strong>de</strong> insanlan suçlayayacaglßl"<br />
belirterek, "Mec- cak. Olmaz böyle $CY.Bugün<br />
lis'e girince Kürtçe haberlerin TV'<strong>de</strong> görüyorsunuz, lngiliz<strong>de</strong><br />
TRT'<strong>de</strong> yayanlanmasl için ce haberler var. Ben bölücüarkada$larl<br />
ill.' birlikte öner- lük yapmlyorum. Bu yörenin<br />
ge verecegini" söyledi. yÜz<strong>de</strong> 80'i Türkçe bilmiyor.<br />
DYP'li Ali lhsan Elgin, Er- Size $erefim üzerine söz verigani'<strong>de</strong><br />
yapll~1 konu$mada, yorum, arkadll$lanmla Kürtkendisinin<br />
"soleu" VI.'"sos- çe haberlerin TRT'<strong>de</strong> okunyal<br />
<strong>de</strong>mokrat" oldu~unu be- masl için önerge verecegim.<br />
lirterek. Özal'l VI.' SHP'vi Kürtçe sözünü söyleyen<br />
e1C$tirdi. "Manken ~i, disko. Thrgut AtalaY'1 SHP ihraç <strong>et</strong>tekçi<br />
oglu, 7 kocah Hür- ti. Demek ki, SHP bu dâvâmüz'ü<br />
andlran k1Zl, davuleu ya sahip çlkmlyor. Bu ülke<strong>de</strong><br />
damadma ml 0)' vereceksi- Ingilizce konu$mak ne kadar<br />
niz?" diyen Ali Ihsan Elgin, haksa, Kürtçe konu$mak da<br />
daha sonra ~unlan söyledi: en azandan 0 kadar haktlr.<br />
Kürtçe konU$manm bir suç<br />
• 'Türkiye Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>i oldugunu kabul <strong>et</strong>mlyoruz ve<br />
Ba$bakanr olan Özal, kendi- bu ne<strong>de</strong>nle taklbe ugraml$<br />
sini yönlendiren efendisi vatandll$lanmlzl da özgürlü-<br />
Amerika'nm dili lngilizce ill.' ge kavu$turmak için sIze buutanmadan<br />
televizyonda pro- rada söz veriyoruz." (UBA)<br />
Tercüman<br />
Tercfunan<br />
23.11.87<br />
PalnlC v~ l 'KK cinay<strong>et</strong>lerini<br />
~y(flnlatanlara ödül verilecek<br />
ihbarClya bÜYÜk ödül<br />
1\'I.)",,.i /lClkClI/I Sc'!pll.. "JI" kl~' l'Ar, )'CI U~I" darhe il/dir('('e~iz" <strong>de</strong>di<br />
Hüsamellin KARANf"tL tarafmdan bUtOn Olkelerrn zinc8n. GUmU$hane VI.'Art-<br />
DIYARBAKIR, (Tercü- )'anlma Interpol araclhAlyla vin iIIeri valilerinin kal1ldlAI<br />
man)-lçi~leri Bakam Ahm<strong>et</strong> TOrki)'e')'e <strong>de</strong> gön<strong>de</strong>rilen te. toplanl1mn, iunacmm seçim.<br />
Selçuk, Isveç Ba$bakam Olof leks notunda, Olof Palme'nin ler<strong>de</strong> almacak tedbirlerle i1gili<br />
l'alml."nin katilini ihbar e<strong>de</strong>- katilini bulana 8 milyar lira oldugunu belirten Bakan Sel.<br />
ne, kcndilerinin <strong>de</strong> ödOI vere- ödOI veriieceAini hallrlatan çuk, "Seçlmler<strong>de</strong> bölgenin<br />
cellini belirtcrek, bölge<strong>de</strong> Ahm<strong>et</strong> Selçuk. "Palme'nln özelliklerlne göre her türlü<br />
kanh terör eylemleri sUrdüren katllinl Ihbar e<strong>de</strong>ne biz <strong>de</strong> tedblr ahnml$tlr, En küçük<br />
PKK militanlauOI ihbar ödül vermeyl taahhUt edi. blr aksakllk sözkonusu <strong>de</strong>gile<strong>de</strong>nlere<br />
<strong>de</strong> "dayah-dö$eli" yoruz" $eklin<strong>de</strong> konu$tu. dir. Yapllacak seçlmlerle IIgl11<br />
kat vcrileceäini sö)'ledi. IHBARCIYA DAYALI. olarak vallier her türlü tedblri<br />
Di)'",rbaklr'da incelemele- DO'.L~ KAT alacaklardlr" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
rini sUrdUren Jçi$leri Bakam Ö Beraberin<strong>de</strong> Emniy<strong>et</strong> Ge-<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Selçuk lèrcUman mu- te yandan, PKK l.'$klya- nI.'l MUdUrU Saff<strong>et</strong> Arlkan<br />
habirinin sorulanm cevaplan- lanm ihbar e<strong>de</strong>nlere dayah- ~Uk. Jandarma GenI.'l Kodlrdl.<br />
Bölge<strong>de</strong> çevik kuvv<strong>et</strong> ve dÖ$eli kat armagan edileceaï- mutanhl1 Kurmay Yarba$kavurucu<br />
tim sa)'ISlmn arunla- ni ifa<strong>de</strong> l'<strong>de</strong>n Ahmel Selçuk, 01 ThAseneral Ç<strong>et</strong>ln Haspl.<br />
ca~ml kay<strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong>n Bakan SeI- korucu sa)'15101O arttnlarak, ,Iren'Ie bölse valiler toplandaha<br />
iyi imkânlar saälanaca- t ka I Ah<br />
çuk, $unlan sö)'ledi: AlOI bildirdi. ISlOa tl an m<strong>et</strong> Selçuk,<br />
"PKK panik içln<strong>de</strong>. Çün- 2 TKP'linln serbest blrakllkii<br />
PKK'nm ASALA ill.' 1$_ masl konusundaki bir soruya<br />
birlijtl lçin<strong>de</strong> oldullunu "ok "KUTLU WE SARGIN'IN $ö)'le cevap verdi:<br />
tI , SERBEST BIRAKILMASI "SaIlI Id h<br />
i~'iblli)'oruz. Bu kl$ PKK'ya' SOZKONUSU DEOIL" Ii I sri er gün konto<br />
çok a~tr darbe vuracaglz. q. roi edlllyor, Su anda saghkklyaya<br />
kaf$1 kullanaca~lmlz Diyarbaklr'dan sonra Er- larlDda herhangl blr duruili<br />
mhh helikopterlcr VI.'yeni si- zurum'a gelerek böige valiler yoktur, Serbest blrakllmala.<br />
loplantlsma b~kanhk l'<strong>de</strong>n ri dÜ$ünülmüyor."<br />
Iiill~ar yakmda bölgeye gön- lçi$lcri Bakam Ahm<strong>et</strong> Sel. Bakan Selçuk, Erzurum!<br />
dcnlccck. Bölge<strong>de</strong> haien bin çuk, gözaltanda bulunan 2 daki toplanudan soora heli-<br />
~~~...vurucu lim l:iirev yapl- TKP'linin "Serbest blrakll- kopterle Kars'a harek<strong>et</strong> elli.<br />
maslßlß dÜ$ünülmedijtini" ~Içuk, geceyi Kars'ta geçir-<br />
PALME'NIN KATILINE sö)'ledi. dlkten sonra bugUn Ankara!<br />
ÖDOL Erzurum, Kars, A~n, Er. )'a dönecek.<br />
Bu arada. isveç hükùm<strong>et</strong>i<br />
2G.11.87<br />
PKI',I iran mlkiraladl?<br />
Sltkl<br />
uwç<br />
BRÜKSEL, (Tercüman).<br />
Jsveç hükûm<strong>et</strong>inin, Olof Palme<br />
cinay<strong>et</strong>ini aydlDlatacak<br />
olanlara verilmek üzere ayJrdlgl<br />
prim !!Iiktanm SO mi.lyon<br />
Isveç Kronu'na (7 mll-<br />
)'ar lira) yUkseltmesin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sonra Avrupa baslDrnda sözkonusu<br />
cina)'<strong>et</strong> VI.'lsveç polisinin<br />
beceriksizligi ill.' ilgili<br />
yorumlar <strong>de</strong>vam ediyor. Geçen<br />
cuma VI.'pazartesi günleri,<br />
"International Herald<br />
Tribüne" gu<strong>et</strong>esine Hân VI.'-<br />
rerek bir <strong>de</strong>fa daha Isveçli-<br />
1er'<strong>de</strong>n VI.'tüm Avrupahlar!<br />
dan )'ardlm isteyen Ulke po-<br />
Iisi $idd<strong>et</strong>li ele$tirHere he<strong>de</strong>f<br />
olurken baslDda, 28 ~ubat<br />
1986'da, Stockholm'<strong>de</strong> lsveç<br />
Ba$bakam Olof Palme'yi öl.<br />
.,. dUrUnlerin kimlikleri hak-<br />
.; ...<br />
, ri laraflDdan görevlep.dirilen<br />
IRAN PARMAOI MI?<br />
Palme, iki ülkeye çe$itli zi)'ar<strong>et</strong>lere<br />
bulunmu~ VI.'olumlu<br />
Avrupa baslnlDrn son zamanlarda<br />
üzerin<strong>de</strong> durdugu sonuçlar eI<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>me)'e ba$laml$lI.<br />
Palme, Tahran'a gi<strong>de</strong>-<br />
VI.'savundu~u fikirler<strong>de</strong>n birin<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> Palme'nin Iranhlar ce~i larihten bir hafta önce<br />
taraflOdan öldUrUldU~ü, öldürülmü$lü.<br />
tran'ID bu amaçla PKK ill.'i$birligi<br />
yapl1~l Heri sUrOIUyor.<br />
t'l'di. 'mn Isveç'<strong>de</strong> güçlü vi:<br />
'Iran'a silâh sal1$1D1VI.'Isfa.<br />
han'da kurulacak bir kimyevî<br />
silâhlanml$ bir örgüt oldullunu<br />
hallrlatan gaz<strong>et</strong>eler lran~<br />
mad<strong>de</strong> fabrikasl projesini engelleyen<br />
Olof Palme'nin ölümün<strong>de</strong>n<br />
önce tedbirler aldl-<br />
ln bu imkâm kullanmaslna<br />
!Tluhtemel gözüyle bakarlarken,<br />
"tsveç'<strong>de</strong> terör isteyen<br />
gl, Isveç'<strong>de</strong>n silâh ihracatl<br />
kim olursa olsun PKK'YI<br />
konusunda kanun <strong>de</strong>äi$ikligi<br />
yapltrdl~ bilini)'or. Palme<br />
kullanabilir. Eger Palme'yi<br />
yok <strong>et</strong> me karan KGB'<strong>de</strong>n,<br />
1985-'<strong>de</strong> Malmo Iimamnda<br />
veys ClA'dan da çlkml$ olss,<br />
lran'a gi<strong>de</strong>cek bir gemi do lusu<br />
sHâha da el koymu$tu.<br />
bu cinay<strong>et</strong>i PKK'nm gerçek-<br />
I~lirmesl tabiidir" di)'orlar.<br />
Avrupa baslnlnda, PKK örgUtU<br />
için slk slk "klrahk<br />
Iran-Irak sav8$l\lda arabuluculuk<br />
yapmak için Birle~.<br />
katlller" sözU kullamhyor.<br />
mi$ MilI<strong>et</strong>ier GenI.'l Sekr<strong>et</strong>e-<br />
..<br />
..
..<br />
Hürriy<strong>et</strong><br />
~<br />
• Guneydogu'dakl hassas<br />
tesisle., daglnlk he<strong>de</strong>fler<br />
slkl korumaya ahnd!. Bö-<br />
!ücu çelenin $a~lIrlmataktlklenne<br />
kar$1 önlemler<br />
genl$ boyutlu eie ahndi..<br />
ihsan DÖRTKARDE$<br />
~lY,\ RBAKIR. (hha) -<br />
UHolueu PKK orii:utünull<br />
kurulu~ ~'Ilclrinumu rinœsi. Güne,'dogu'cla<br />
slkmuh ii:ünler<br />
m>Ï
DEVAN<br />
1-7.11.87<br />
bir "asker", acemilerin egitimini anlat:yor.<br />
Belki çavu~ ya da onba~1 gibi<br />
bir slfatl yok ama kamp için<strong>de</strong>ki i~levi<br />
sonuçta 0 kaplya çlklyor. Zaten<br />
egitim disipHni, dünyamn herhangi<br />
bir ordusundan çok da farkh <strong>de</strong>giI.<br />
Onbe~-yirmi, bilemediniz otuz ki$ilik<br />
<strong>de</strong>vrelerin h:l~'ncl~ !romutanlar var.<br />
komutan yardlmC1lan var. TSK kampmda<br />
egitim stratejilerini komutan<br />
Serdar belirliyor, uygulamayJ yardun-<br />
CISISipan yaptmyor.<br />
Teorik eAitim, haliyle TQrkiye'<strong>de</strong>n<br />
b3$hyor, kamp sllresince <strong>de</strong>vam ediyor:<br />
DenIer, tartI$DUllar, geee sobb<strong>et</strong>leri...<br />
Arazi .eAitimi srrasmda at1lan<br />
sloganlar, ezoerlenen mar$lar da gerillahkla<br />
teori arasmdaki kOpril oluyor.<br />
EAitim saatleriyle uyku saatlerinin<br />
toplamJ elb<strong>et</strong>te ki yirmidOrdll bulmuyor.<br />
Peki, artan vakitler<strong>de</strong> ne yapdlyor?<br />
Sohb<strong>et</strong> ediliyor, yemek yeniyor,<br />
müzik dinleniyor, top oynamyor ...<br />
Lübnan'daki Kürt kamplarmm tek<br />
konu~ma dill Kürtçe. EAitim<strong>de</strong>kilerin<br />
<strong>de</strong> komutanlarm da çogu Türkçe biliyor,<br />
ama kendi aralannda tavizsiz<br />
Kürtçe konu$uyorlar. tki kamp sakini,<br />
Kürtçe bilmeyen üçUncll bir k~iyle<br />
sohb<strong>et</strong> e<strong>de</strong>rken bile, birbirlerine Kürt~<br />
çe hitap edip ayro cümleyi misafrr için<br />
Türkçeye tercüme ediyorlar.<br />
Yemekler "partizall sofrasl"nda ye-'<br />
niyor.' Beslenme açlsmdan, toplanma<br />
kamplan çok daha eIveri$li. Meyve,<br />
sebze, ye~iI1ik )cti$tirilchiIiyor; hattâ<br />
TSK'run toplanma kampmda yen en<br />
domatesli, marulIu, taze naneH, narh,<br />
bol Hmonlu salatanm tadl kolay<br />
kola y unutulamlYor. Zaman zaman,<br />
egitim kamplan arasmda yemege misafir<br />
çallflldl~1 bile oluyor. Bölge<strong>de</strong>,<br />
Filistin kamplarmda pi$irilen yemeklerin<br />
özel bir $öhr<strong>et</strong>i var.<br />
Kamplardaki hayat kadmslz. 17-18<br />
ya$mdaki insanlann kaldlgl bannaklarda<br />
duvarlan sloganlar, afi$ler süs-<br />
Illyor; sevgiIi resmi yok. Filistin<br />
kamplannda, hatta bazi Tllrkiyeli<br />
kamplannda zaman zaman kadm gerilla<br />
adaylannm da egitim gördügü<br />
söylcniyor, ama Bekaa'daki kamplar<br />
~u anda kadm a~lrlamIYor. 13-14 ya-<br />
$mdaki gerilla adaylan hayatm öteki<br />
yanslyla hiç kar$da$mayacak ml?<br />
Kimbilir ...<br />
Peki ya dinlenme, egIenme? Kamplardaki<br />
her eAitim <strong>de</strong>vresi bir mezuniy<strong>et</strong><br />
töreni ve eglenceyle sona eriyor.<br />
Normal zamanlardaki en yaygm eglence-vakit<br />
geçirme biçimi müzik dinlernek.<br />
En küçük sIgmaklarda, birkaç<br />
yatakh barmaklarda bile, Lübnan'm<br />
gümrüksüz-vergisiz pazarlanndan<br />
almml$ bir radyo-teyp göze ÇarplYOr.<br />
h müzik dinlemeye gelince, Kürtçe'-<br />
nin hakimiy<strong>et</strong>i biraz kmhyor; Kürt.<br />
çe türkülerin yanmda Türkçl' t, irk ii<br />
kas<strong>et</strong>leri <strong>de</strong> yer ahyor. Peki ba~ka bir<br />
eglenee yok mu? t~te bir TKP(B)-<br />
YKK gerillasmm, laf arasmdaki iki<br />
TKP(8) Genel Sekr<strong>et</strong>eri ibrahim Seven<br />
"i$kenc.~cileresaldlracaglz"<br />
y asad~l Komünist Partisi (Birlik), YKK'y! kurdu. Seven bu konuda<br />
1977y!lulda, Ibrahim Seven'in ge. ~unlan söylüyor: "PKK'run silahlt<br />
nel sekr<strong>et</strong>er olmaslyla birlikte adl' eylernleri ba~lamadan Once, aldl~l'<br />
m duyurmaya b~ladJ. tbrahim Se- nuz warla, bu bölge<strong>de</strong> silahh mü.<br />
ven, '60'h yillarin sonundaki Sos. ca<strong>de</strong>lenin m~ru oldu~unu Kabule[.<br />
yalist Fikir KulübO B~kanhtl ve tik." Ancak Seven, çocuk ve kadm.<br />
'70'H yJllarda TSIP için<strong>de</strong>ki faali- larm öldürülmesini asia kabul <strong>et</strong>.<br />
y<strong>et</strong>lerin<strong>de</strong>n dolay! ald~ ~ yillik medildcrini alum çizerek belirtiyor:<br />
mahldlmiy<strong>et</strong>in ard.Jndan,TKP(B)' - "Bu çocuk ve kadmlann, kimin çonin<br />
kuruculan arasmda yeraldl. • cu~u veya kadml olmasl bile öldü.<br />
Kendi <strong>de</strong>yi~iyle, 1970'<strong>de</strong>n beri "i~- rOlmeleri için y<strong>et</strong>erli aÇlldama ola.<br />
çi slOlfmmöndcrlijin<strong>de</strong> hem sHah- maz." Korucular konusunda ise Se.<br />
h, hem ban.ssaImüca<strong>de</strong>le yürütecek ven, bu ki~Uerin <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> tarafmdan<br />
bir parti" için çahPD1~t1.<br />
sHahlandJrùJnJ~oldu~una dikkat çe-<br />
TKP(B), 1987'yi eylcm'YÙIola- kerck, "siviI" olarak nitelenemeyerak<br />
i1an<strong>et</strong>mesine kaqm, sesi.ni po- cel<strong>de</strong>rini savunuyor. KOykoruculalis<br />
o~yon1anna be<strong>de</strong>f olmak dl- TI için "milis" <strong>de</strong>yimini kullanan<br />
~mda çok fazla duyuramadJ. Son tbrahirn Seven. korueulan "parait<br />
olarak da geçti~' günler<strong>de</strong>, Çu- lejyonerlere" benzelerek. ,. Aralakurova<br />
bölgesin<strong>de</strong>ki bir operasyo- rmdan, 'biz TOrk'üz, Türklük için<br />
na kanu oldu. TKP(B)'nin "Kür- dövü~Uyoruz' diyen tek bir ki~içlkdistan<br />
kolu" YKKayn parti olarak maz. Humeyni dalla fazla para verörgütlendi<br />
ve bölge<strong>de</strong> eylem ham. se, Humeyni için dövü~lirler" dl'<br />
h~1için<strong>de</strong> olduldan 'da hemen ar- yor. Yalmz PKK'run <strong>de</strong>~1 kendile.<br />
dmdan Uan edildi. rinin <strong>de</strong> bu "milis"lerle müca<strong>de</strong>le<br />
YeniGün<strong>de</strong>m'in F.Almanya mu- <strong>et</strong>tiklerini açlkhyor.<br />
habiri Melin Dalman, Bonn'da, TKP(B)'nin yalmz Glineydo~u<br />
TKP(B) Genel Sekr<strong>et</strong>eri Ibrahim Anadolu için <strong>de</strong>gil, Türkiye'nin di.<br />
Seven'Ie geni~ bir görü~me yapu. ger bölgeleri için <strong>de</strong> eylem planlan<br />
Cevaplanru öz<strong>et</strong>leyerek aktarabildi- var. Seven. Tlirkiye'<strong>de</strong> yeni bu du.<br />
~mlÎzbu görü~meninkonumuzla il. zenin ~idd<strong>et</strong>edayah bir müca<strong>de</strong>le île<br />
gili sorulanm cevaplarken, Seven, kurulaca~ma inandlklanm belirtl'<br />
1987YlhndaTürkiye'<strong>de</strong> bir dizi ey. yor. Ordu ve polis için<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> örgut.<br />
lem yapacaklarml açlkhyordu. lendiklerini ileri sliren Seven, ilk he.<br />
TKP(B), PKK'yJ <strong>de</strong>stekleyen az <strong>de</strong>r olarak onlcrine, "i~kencCC!lcrc<br />
sa}lda örgüllen biri. Ancak P":":'. ve i~kence merkezlerine saldlrm".<br />
mn eylemböigeierin<strong>de</strong> baglmw bir YI" koyduklannl, on.:c1iklc(k D:\l<br />
.silahh muca<strong>de</strong>le yùrlitmek için <strong>de</strong> pubunu he<strong>de</strong>l aldlklannl a';lkh\',,',<br />
52<br />
Bunlan sëylemekle y<strong>et</strong>inmeyerek,<br />
sözunu <strong>et</strong>tigi eylemleri 1987 için<strong>de</strong><br />
gerçekle~tireceklerini, hattâ bu eylemlere<br />
katùanlarla basm mensup.<br />
lanum yundl~Jnda görü~me yapma.<br />
;Il11 saglayacaklanm iIeri sUrüyor.<br />
:J<br />
cümlesi: "Partizan Yolu mu? Onlann<br />
kamplan buraya yakm. Geçen<strong>de</strong><br />
onlann da <strong>de</strong>vre sonuydu, futbol ma-<br />
Çl yaptlk."<br />
Smlrlar, barikatlar a$lhyor; sHah<br />
egitimi-teorik egitim görülüyor; mewniy<strong>et</strong><br />
töreni yapIllyor ve ... Ondan<br />
'uw d,j hentiz pek n<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>gil. Kamplar<br />
yeni <strong>de</strong>vreleri kar$Ilamak Ilzere<br />
bo~ahyor, artlk adayhgl geri<strong>de</strong> blrakml$<br />
olan gerillalar "bölgeye" yaYlhyor.<br />
TKP(B)- YKK ve TSK bildirilerine<br />
baklllrsa, yakmda bölge<strong>de</strong> isim.<br />
lerini duyuracaklar. Belki <strong>de</strong> aS11<br />
amaçlan, "Yalmzca PKK yok, ba$kalan<br />
da var" imajlm yaymak olaeak.<br />
Herhangi bir biçim<strong>de</strong> kitle <strong>de</strong>s.<br />
tegi saglamalan mümkün mü? Gerilla<br />
kamplan kurup adam y<strong>et</strong>i$tirmelerine<br />
ragmen bugüne kadar varhklann.<br />
dan pek az insanm haberdar olu~una<br />
baklhrsa, bu belirsiz. Ama Lübnan'.<br />
da, Bekaa Vadisi'nin ortasmda Türkiye'yi<br />
"silahh eylem alam" seçtigini<br />
ileri süren, ordu düzeni için<strong>de</strong> silahh<br />
pll;tim V:loan birileri var; bu kesin. c:::;<br />
CAN KOZANOGLU/Bekaa<br />
Koisuz gerilla<br />
.. Abim eski Tlp'liydi. Ben mOcadclenin<br />
için<strong>de</strong> buytldùllI diyebi.<br />
lirim." Süleyman, Güneydogu<br />
Anadolu'nun bir köyün<strong>de</strong> dogdu.<br />
Kendi <strong>de</strong>yi~iyle, Il.12 ya~lannda<br />
"bilinçlenmeye" b~lad.J, müca<strong>de</strong>leye<br />
auldl. llçedc slogan yazmaya,<br />
ari~e Çlktl; mitinglere kauldl. Birkaç<br />
kez gözaltma ahndl, 16 ya~m.<br />
da smm geçti, Lübnan'da cllitim<br />
gördü. 17 ya~mdayken Beyrut'ta<br />
israil'e kaql sav~maya ba~ladl.<br />
Aynl yU iki kolunu bir<strong>de</strong>n kayb<strong>et</strong>ti<br />
...<br />
Süleyman, bir Onadogu kentinin<br />
arka mabaUelerin<strong>de</strong>ki ev<strong>de</strong>. 0<br />
geeeyi anlauyor: "1982 yazl. Beyrut'ta<br />
Filistinlilerle omuz omuza<br />
çarpl~IYoruz.Israil <strong>de</strong>niz<strong>de</strong>n bomballyor,<br />
geceleri at~kes iIan edi.<br />
liyor. Bir gece IoYlda barikat KU,<br />
ruyoruz. YamOlda iki arkad~ daha<br />
var."<br />
tsrail at~kes man tan.Jmaz, bir<strong>de</strong>n<br />
bombardunan b~lar. Süleyman<br />
sipere yatar ama bomba bu,<br />
insam her yer<strong>de</strong> yakalar. Ani bir<br />
patlama: "Bir kolumun uçup gittillini<br />
gördUm. Di~eri <strong>de</strong>rinin<br />
ucunda sallaruyor. Ortal1!1toz du.<br />
man kaplaml~. Karargâhlmlz bir<br />
binanm bodrurnundaydl."<br />
tçgüdüsûyle, sUrQnesürüne bio<br />
naya Ul~lf. "Sana ne oldu?" di.<br />
ye sorarlar ve Süleyman inanma-<br />
SI zar bir cevap verir: "Hiçbir ~cyim<br />
yak. Yalruzca iki kolumu<br />
kayb<strong>et</strong>tim." lçer<strong>de</strong> "bacllar" var.<br />
dIr, ama onlar da çaresizdir. Hastane<br />
yolunun tek urnudu olan araba<br />
bozuktur. Süleyman yoJa kadar<br />
yürür. Bulunan araba bozu.<br />
lur, Süleyman yine yOrür. Hasta.<br />
ne<strong>de</strong> hem~ireler bile kötü olur, Sü.<br />
leyman sedyeye Kendiayaglyla gi.<br />
<strong>de</strong>r; lam Uç saat baYllmaz.<br />
Sülevman'Ill ilk anda varatu~1<br />
;ogukk'anh izienim, "Kol~uz gerilla<br />
müca<strong>de</strong>le<strong>de</strong>n dü~medi mi?" sa.<br />
rtl~t1nunönun<strong>de</strong>ki engelleri kaldl'<br />
~<br />
..
..<br />
--<br />
~<br />
DEVAH<br />
tiyor.<br />
Kisaltarak aklardlgmuz görü~mesin<strong>de</strong><br />
K.Saleb, "tarihsel olarak<br />
u1usal <strong>de</strong>mokratik' <strong>de</strong>vrim asama.<br />
smda" olduklarml, ancak he<strong>de</strong>flerinin<br />
"kesintisiz olarak illke<strong>de</strong> sosyalizmi<br />
in$a <strong>et</strong>meye geçmek" oldu-<br />
~unu söylüyor. Harek<strong>et</strong>lerinin <strong>de</strong>.<br />
gisik asarnalannda, farkh olaslhk.<br />
Ian da gözönün<strong>de</strong> bulundurdukla.<br />
nm anlatan K.Saleh, siIahh müca.<br />
<strong>de</strong>leyi benimsediklerini açlkltyor.<br />
TSK'mn "gerilIa sava~ma dayah<br />
halk SaV~l"ß1 benimserken, bansçl<br />
milca<strong>de</strong>le biçimlerini <strong>de</strong> redd<strong>et</strong>me.<br />
digini belirtiyor. K.Saleh, Yeni.<br />
Gun<strong>de</strong>m muhabirine ilk a~amada<br />
"s,lahh propal!anda~l" esas alacak.<br />
'~;yor \'c Süleyman anlallyor:<br />
l'I!.,],., :.....l~.~l..; ..l~kIcJcllllü~mc-<br />
.dirn. [,ct, bl:n silah ta~lyamam,<br />
~,ilah klillanamam, am~ buglill<br />
tlÎrçok ,lIa\t illerind,: 2erilla cj;itimi<br />
','rchilihli .. ~',u~ydil,yapabilirtIn.<br />
AIICllll,le, I urki)'e'yi <strong>de</strong> YIIlard<br />
rI'görmüyorum, her ~eyi çok<br />
özlilyorurn, Ama bir gün dönecc-<br />
~imi bilmesem zaten rnUca<strong>de</strong>lelÙn<br />
anlaml kalmaz. Doktor ameliyattan<br />
soma bir sürü ~eyiyaparnayacaglrnl<br />
spyledi. Ço~unu yapurn.<br />
Tuval<strong>et</strong>e girdirn, giyindirn. BazI<br />
i~ler<strong>de</strong> arkada~lanrnm yard1m <strong>et</strong>mesin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
<strong>de</strong> hiçbir eziklik duymuyorum.<br />
Gerillahkta, müca<strong>de</strong>le<strong>de</strong><br />
her ~eyvar. Sakat kalmak da, ölmek<br />
<strong>de</strong>.. _" Her üç lafmm biri<br />
"müca<strong>de</strong>1e" olan, gerilla kimli~ini<br />
dilin<strong>de</strong> ta~lyan Süleyman, Ortado-<br />
~u'daki Türkiyeli ponrelerin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
birini çizi! or. l3cyrut'ta blraktJ~<br />
iki kolu ve tüm anlamklanna ra~men<br />
silemedigi "Bu insan buralarda<br />
ne yapar, ne e<strong>de</strong>r" sorulany-<br />
;a..O<br />
Kürdistan Sosyalist<br />
Partisi Genel ~p.Kr<strong>et</strong>eri K.Saleh<br />
PKK ile dayanl$ma ...<br />
Yasadl$1 KUrdistan Sosyalist Partisi<br />
(fevgera Sosyalisl a Kilrdistane-<br />
TSK) geçtigimiz Yll TKSP-Roja<br />
Welat ve Klp-GBK örgütlerinin<br />
birle$mesiyle olu$tu. Henüz karnu.<br />
oyuna yallsmus herhangi bir eylemi<br />
bilinmeyen TSK, Lübnan'daki<br />
egitim ve toplanma kamplannda<br />
gerilla y<strong>et</strong>i~tiriyor. YeniGün<strong>de</strong>m<br />
muhabiri Can Kozanoglu'nun Beyrul'la<br />
görü~tügü, TSK Merkez Ko.<br />
mite Gene! Sekr<strong>et</strong>eri K.Saleh KÜr!<br />
sorununun yalmzca tran, Irak, Su.<br />
riye ve Türkiye'nin iç sorunu olma.<br />
dlgml, böigeseI hatlâ uluslararasl<br />
boyullan oldugunu söylüyor. Ancak<br />
kendilerinin "çözümli"<br />
once<br />
tll\ '.','sasma gore eie aldlglIu belir.<br />
Kerkük Türkleri senaryosu yeni<strong>de</strong>n hortlatlldl<br />
Ankara'da körfez<br />
duman/arl<br />
Komsular savasmda Türk di plomasisinin<br />
övüncü, sekiz yIldlr<br />
Türkiye sahnesin<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>gisme<strong>de</strong>n kalan<br />
seylerin basmda gelen "aktif tarafslzhk"<br />
politikasmdan geçti~imiz hafta<br />
da çok söz edildi. Zaten ne zaman<br />
körfez<strong>de</strong>n yükselen dumanlar gö~ü<br />
kaplasa "aktif tarafslZh~lmlZln" bir<br />
kez daha hatlr1attlmasma herkes alIsmlstl.<br />
Bu aktif tarafslzh~m, pasif tarafslzhktan<br />
aynlmasma örnek olarak<br />
isviçre gösterilebilirdi. Türkiye, "tarafslZlm"<br />
<strong>de</strong>rken, isviçre gibi "gi<strong>de</strong>n<br />
a~arn, gelen p~am" diyecek bir ülke<br />
<strong>de</strong>~ildi. Her sey<strong>de</strong>n önce bir böIge<br />
üIkesiydi ve sav~m bir an önce son<br />
bulmasml istiyordu. Türkiye bunu ister<br />
ken, iran, Irak ve böIge ülkeleri<br />
üzerin<strong>de</strong>ki saygmh~ml da bu ülkeIere<br />
telkin<strong>de</strong> bulunmanm vesilesi olarak<br />
kullamyordu.<br />
Ankara'daki bir diplomatik gözlemci<br />
ise, geçtigimiz hafta b~l Ankara'ya<br />
gelen iran B~bakam Siyasi is-<br />
1er YardlmCISI Muayyeri'ye açlkça,<br />
"ilk adlml sizin atmamz ve bu sava-<br />
SI bitirmeniz lazlm" <strong>de</strong>ndi~ini söylüyordu.<br />
Yani aktif tarafslzhk, gerekti~in<strong>de</strong><br />
"do~ruya do~ru, e~riye e~ri"<br />
diyebilmekti. Türkiye sagIadl~1 güven<br />
saYeSindfv~an taraflar arasmdaki<br />
diplom ik sorunlann çözürnün<strong>de</strong><br />
araCI rolü ü <strong>de</strong> taraflann nzaslyla kabul<br />
<strong>et</strong>mis ,ama bu Türkiye'nin posta<br />
servisi olünü üstlendi~i anlamma<br />
da gelmemeliydi. Aym gözlemci, taraflardan<br />
birinin talebi olmadan veya<br />
Türkiye'nin fayda görmemesi halin<strong>de</strong><br />
bilgilerin haslmlara aktanlmasmm<br />
sözkonusu olmadl~lm söylüyordu.<br />
Zaten Muayyeri'nin g<strong>et</strong>irdi~i yeni<br />
bir- görüS yoktu. Top simdi yine<br />
BM Güvenlik Konseyi'n<strong>de</strong>ydi ve iran<br />
uzun süredir tekrarladl~l bir görüsü<br />
dile g<strong>et</strong>irmisti: "Saddam mütecaviz<br />
ilan edilsin, ondan sonra ateskese vanz."<br />
iran, "Önce Körfez'<strong>de</strong>ki savas bitsin,<br />
seyrüsefer güvenli~i sa~lansm,<br />
cephe<strong>de</strong>ki sav~ için sartlanmlZ belli"<br />
<strong>de</strong>rken, Irak, "cephe<strong>de</strong>ki savas bitme<strong>de</strong>n,<br />
iran'a Körfez'<strong>de</strong>n p<strong>et</strong>rol ihraç<br />
<strong>et</strong>lirmem" <strong>de</strong>meyi sürdürüyor,<br />
sonunda is Amerika'mn 50'ye yakm<br />
gemiyle sahil korumaclhk oynamaslna<br />
vanyordu.<br />
Savasm nere<strong>de</strong>yse iran-Irak Sava-<br />
SIoldu~u unutulmus, sav~ ilk kez bu<br />
kadar açlkça baska ülkeIere SlçramlS,<br />
çokuluslu bir kapisma tablosu ortaya<br />
çlkmlSti. Irak, Bagdat'I vuran iran<br />
füzelerine kar~l, iran' a sidd<strong>et</strong>li misillerne<br />
yapmayarak meydam Amerika'-<br />
ya blrakmlSu. iran Büyükelçili~i'ne<br />
yakm bir kaynak, "ABD'nin önün<strong>de</strong><br />
üç yol var: ya iran'Ia topyekûn bir<br />
savasa girecek, ya tedrici saldmlanna<br />
<strong>de</strong>vam e<strong>de</strong>cek, ya da böige<strong>de</strong>n tamamen<br />
çekilecek. Biz sonuncusunu<br />
yapmasml sahk veririz. Aksi hal<strong>de</strong><br />
böIge için gi<strong>de</strong>rilmez sonuçlar dogar"<br />
diyordu. Iran, Amerika'ya klZlp Kuveyt'i<br />
vurarak olabilecekler hakkmda<br />
bir fikir vermisti.<br />
Temcit<br />
pilavl<br />
1anm, "ekonomik ve askeri tesis ve<br />
üslere yönelik eylemler" dilzenleyeceklerini<br />
açlkhyor.<br />
TSK, eylemleriyle, "<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in OlOritesini<br />
sarSma)1ve onu zaytflatma-<br />
YI", bir yandan da "yOre halkmda<br />
güven uyandlrmaYI" planbyor. K.<br />
Saleh, "Devrimimizin stratejik he<strong>de</strong>nerini<br />
belirleyen bugOnkü sQmut<br />
tarihi, iktisadi ve siyasal kosullar,<br />
ayru zamanda savaStmlmlZm geli~me<br />
yönünü bclirliyor" diyor.<br />
Diger Kürt örgütleriyle ili~kileri<br />
konusunda K.Saleh, "PKK da dahil.<br />
yurtsever konumdaki tlim Kurl<br />
örgütleriyle sIb bir dayam~manll1<br />
orlilmesi gerektigine" inamyor. ÖrgutlerarasJ<br />
ili~kilerin yaygll1la~tlfllma'J,<br />
i}ilc~tirilmesi için yo~un hir<br />
çaba harClyoIuz" diyor VI: hl! ihlkJ!eringeli~tirilmesÎn<strong>de</strong>kcndlkrinin<br />
ginsimlcrinin bnemli kalkdan (llclu-<br />
~llna inandlUannl beltniYN .<br />
Çok boyutlu urmarusa geçen sav~,<br />
Türkiye kamuoyuna yansrrken 1986'-<br />
mn Kaslm-Arahk aylannda yenilen<br />
bir yemek tekrar ISluhp sofraya g<strong>et</strong>irilmisti.<br />
Türk sa~mm "fütuhatçl-kavmiy<strong>et</strong>çi"<br />
kesimi tarafmdan çokça se- 53
DEVA/
..<br />
15-21.11.87<br />
AYDIN GÜRKAN AÇIKLlYOR, TIM KOMUTANI ANLATIYOR<br />
Yakala ve öldür emri<br />
. . 1A" : .<br />
Pusuya gi<strong>de</strong>n komando tim komutanlanna verilen yaztl, emri tebellüg e<strong>de</strong>n Atgm. Ümit Zileli,<br />
'1a~adlgl olaylan bütün insani yönleriyle 2000'e Dogru'ya anlattl. Y<strong>et</strong>kili makamlar, fotokopileri<br />
faymlanan emirlerin, yasal dayanaglnl açlklamak durumunda.<br />
A<br />
nlalya mill<strong>et</strong>vekili va Elazl{J<br />
SHP mill<strong>et</strong>vekili adaYI Aydin<br />
Güven Gür!
DEVAI'l<br />
•<br />
•<br />
yakalamak<br />
va öldürmek '~aksadlyla'<br />
2~ VAzt?S<br />
Tmlc:::LÏ<br />
SJ.l::'..~'C:nctiL, Komutan Yl':rd~mcJ.11p,1;bölücü va pk~C1 örgüt elernanlarJ.nJ.n<br />
f~~lij0clcr~~i tesbit va t~kip <strong>et</strong>mek, örcüt elemanlarJ. üzerin<strong>de</strong>k1<br />
baalqy~ $Ürdc:'r.1ek,~';:;-mla:~'. 'v~ öldü~al{~ mc.ksad1yla; .;4 .OC
.,<br />
..<br />
DEVAM 15-21.11.87<br />
SEVGiLi ARSIZ OlUM<br />
. A!iagl Torunoba kbyüne ula!itlglmlz,<br />
da vakil geceyanslnl gaçmi!ili. Karako:<br />
komulanl ganç aslsubay gülar yüzla kar,<br />
$lladl akiblmizi. Gay ikram alti. Dikkati;<br />
mi çakmi!ili: "Taröristlarin" saldlrllisla.<br />
sin<strong>de</strong> ilk slralarda oldu{ju söylanan karakolun<br />
alaklrigi yoklu! AsIsubayla bir.<br />
birimize ISmInCa, gaz lambaslnln allin,<br />
da heman önümüzdan akan Munzur su'<br />
yunun hlzlnl hasaplaYlp, alaklrik ai<strong>de</strong> al.<br />
menin yollannr aramaya ba$ladlk! .. Ha.<br />
rekel saaline kadar, az bir masrafla<br />
eleklrik saglanabilecegine oybirligi ile<br />
karar vermi$tik. Sabaha kar$1 saal üç SI,<br />
ralannda, lekrar yola koyulmu$luk.<br />
Önce evi gördük. Tepenin üzerine kurulmu$,<br />
yanmda küçücük tarlaslyla<br />
lezek-Ioprak kan$lmr lek ba$lna bir ev.<br />
Sonra da klZI gördük. 0 da biii gör.<br />
mÜ$lü. Bir an kaçmak istedi. Sonra ne<strong>de</strong>nse<br />
vazgeçli. Rahal bir lawla yakla!ill<br />
yanlmlza.<br />
- Gay lçe r misimz?<br />
Sabahln körun<strong>de</strong>, ISSIZblr dag baSInda,<br />
gri bnluklu, koeaman gözlü bir klzln<br />
sordugu bu soru son <strong>de</strong>rece komik gelmlsll<br />
bana. Kenulml lulmaya çahsarak.<br />
sert oldugunu sandlglm bir sesle<br />
sordurn<br />
- Allahln ayazll1da ne anyorsun dlsarda<br />
klzlm?<br />
- Okula gi<strong>de</strong>cegim <strong>de</strong> ... Geç kahrsam<br />
minübüsü l
58<br />
DEVAM<br />
<strong>de</strong>rcesinc;<br />
-- $imdi kl~ aylan komutan! Kurtlar<br />
düze iner ... Eve saldlrlr ... Kaplya pen.<br />
cereye yükle nir;erl ..<br />
Havaslzliktan ölmek, kurtlara yem 01-<br />
maktan evlaydl tabii! Hiçbir $ey<br />
diyemedim.<br />
BiN YILLIK UÇURUM<br />
Sasik tepe <strong>et</strong>eklerin<strong>de</strong>ki Güleç köyü-<br />
"e: yapliglmlz gece basklnl sona ermi:?,<br />
yorgunluktan bitmi~tim. Geceyanlan<br />
kimsenin evine konuk olmamak kOllusunda<br />
prensibim kaliydl. Ama muhtenn<br />
Israrlan kar~lslnda, ilk kez biraz naz <strong>et</strong>tikten,<br />
olmazlandlktan sonra, çamur<br />
için<strong>de</strong>ki botlanml çlkarml~, evin ba~kö-<br />
~esine kurulmu~tum. Biraz sonra <strong>de</strong>:nli<br />
çay e~ligin<strong>de</strong>, taze tereyagl, çökelek<br />
peyniri ve slcak bélzlamada gelince Iyice<br />
gev~edim. Dere<strong>de</strong>n tepe<strong>de</strong>n sohb<strong>et</strong><br />
e<strong>de</strong>rken, bir an gözüm tavanda sallanan<br />
ampule taklldl. Sonra slraslyla kö~e<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
televizyon, kaplnln yanlnda üstü el i~lemeli<br />
örtüyle süslenmi~ buzdolabl ve nihay<strong>et</strong><br />
odaYI aydmlatan gaz lambasl!<br />
Muhtara döndüm.<br />
- Hayrola elektrikler mi kesik?<br />
Odada bulunan köyl ülerin arasmda<br />
bir sessizlik oldu. Sonra muhtar üzgün<br />
bir ila<strong>de</strong>yle cevap verdi:<br />
- Elektrigimiz yok komutanlm!<br />
$a~kmhkla baklim <strong>et</strong>raflma. Elektriksiz<br />
çali$masl mümkün olmayan bir colu<br />
al <strong>et</strong>. Ampul bile mevcut.. Ve elektrik<br />
yokl Herhal<strong>de</strong> alay ediyorlardl benimle:<br />
- Peki bunlar ne?<br />
- Onlar seneierdir öylece duruyor<br />
komutanlm!<br />
il merkezine yürüyerek gidilebilen bu<br />
köy<strong>de</strong> elektrik yoktu ha! Muhtar yüzüm.<br />
<strong>de</strong>ki inanmaz ila<strong>de</strong>yi görünce anlatmaya<br />
ba$ladl:<br />
- On be:? Ylldlr köye elektrik g<strong>et</strong>ir:mek<br />
için müca<strong>de</strong>le ediyoruz. Sönùnda blrkaç<br />
YII önce Türkiye I;lektrikKlJhim~~nu.ra.<br />
Zl <strong>et</strong>tik. Köye hat çekllme'SI T~nl' mute.<br />
ahhite verdiler. 0 adam da ÜÇkâgltÇI çlk.<br />
tl. Uzun süre oyaladl bizi. Ve bir gün blraklp<br />
kaçtl!<br />
- Niçin valiye müracaat <strong>et</strong>mediniz?<br />
- Çekindik komutanlm. Bizi kabul <strong>et</strong>mez<br />
<strong>de</strong>dik.<br />
Elektrik direklerinin veri bile belirlenmi~,<br />
direkler g<strong>et</strong>irilmi~, çuku~::::~ ::'Çl:r: I~tl.<br />
Her :?ey, Türkiye Elektrik Kurumu'nun<br />
bir tralo dikmesine kalml$tl. Köylüler her<br />
türlü yardlma hazlrdllar. T elleri çekmeye<br />
bile! Ama <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in valisinin kar~lslna<br />
çlklp <strong>de</strong>rtlerini açmaya çekiniyorlardl.<br />
Bir baklma hakltydilar. BinYllhk <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>.<br />
halk yabanclla$masl,ha <strong>de</strong>yince ortadan<br />
kalkmazdl ki!<br />
•<br />
•<br />
Geceleyin hiç yoksul köylülerin<br />
evlerin<strong>de</strong> arama yaptlnlZ ml, hiç<br />
onlarla göz göze geldiniz mi,<br />
sabah pusuya gi<strong>de</strong>rken, üç sa.<br />
at mesafe<strong>de</strong>ki okul yoluna dü.<br />
,en bir klZa rastladlnlZ ml? Si.<br />
lahlann konu,tugu bir ortamda<br />
bir d~ insan insana i1i,kiler var.<br />
•<br />
Ertesi gün Tugay Komutanlmlza çlk:<br />
tim. Gördüklerimi lek lek anlattlm. Va.<br />
pllmasl gereken yardimin ne <strong>de</strong>nli ba.<br />
sil oldugundan, köylülerin gönüllü i$çi<br />
olarak çah$maya hazlr beklediklerin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
söz eltim. Pa$a dikkatle dinledikten sonra<br />
sordtl.<br />
Hangi köy bu?<br />
- Güleç köyü komutanlm.<br />
Bir süre önün<strong>de</strong>ki notlan kan$tlrdlk-<br />
Ian sonra cevap verdi.<br />
~ 0 köyün muhlan saklnC:E1h!<br />
SAKINCALI<br />
TUNCELi<br />
Gazianf~p, Kahramanmara$, $anh<br />
Urtd ...<br />
Tunceli'nin <strong>de</strong> bir ünvant var artlk ...<br />
- Sakmcah Tunceli.<br />
Bu ilimizin iki büyük özelli!)i vard,,:<br />
Türkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki en yüksek okuma oram ve<br />
en kabank saklncah saYlsl! Bir mill<strong>et</strong>vekilimizin<br />
yapllgl espri ashnda Tuneeli'-<br />
nin halini dile g<strong>et</strong>irmektt:d ir:<br />
- Her ~ehir<strong>de</strong>n bir sakmcall g<strong>et</strong>lrin.<br />
lunceli'<strong>de</strong>n tuttugunuzu!<br />
Aileniz<strong>de</strong>n herhangi bir ki$i bir olaya<br />
kan$ml$sa, olomatikman bu sin lIa da.<br />
hil ediliyordunuz. Böylece yakln markaj<br />
ba~llyordu. $ay<strong>et</strong> siz<strong>de</strong>n huzursuzluk<br />
duyulmaya ba~lanlrsa, 0 zaman isminizln<br />
ba~lna yeni bir sllat ekleniyordu:<br />
- Sürgun!..<br />
Slklyönelim Komutanllgl'nln iSlemi,<br />
vallnin <strong>de</strong> imzaslyla ikinci bir emre kadar<br />
ya da bir, iki, üç YII örnegin Kütahya'ya<br />
sürgün ediliyordunuz!.. Haa, Kütahya'da<br />
kimseniz yok mu? Valla 0 da<br />
sizin sorununuzdu!..<br />
il slmrfarl dl$lna gön<strong>de</strong>rilme (il yöne.<br />
timi sürgünü böyle adlandlrlyordu) ce.<br />
zaslna çarptmlan bir vatan da:;; hatlrhyorum.<br />
Sürgün edildigi gün kalp spazml<br />
geçirmi$. Kapl kapl dola~lyor, cezamn<br />
kaldlrllmaSlfl1 saglamaya çah$lyordu.<br />
Daha birkaç gün önce küçük ama kendisi<br />
için önem Ii boyutta bir ihale kazanml~.<br />
Anlatml:;;tl:<br />
- Mahvoldum <strong>de</strong>dim. ÇOlugum, çaeugum<br />
var. Ekilmi$ topraglm var. Kazandlglm<br />
ihale var. $artnameye göre i:;;i<br />
bitirmezsem ö<strong>de</strong>mem gereken para ce.<br />
zasl var <strong>de</strong>dim ...<br />
Yalvarml~, yakarmi:;; hiç olmazsa süre<br />
tanlmaslm iStemi$li. Verilen yanll kisa<br />
ve nelli;<br />
- Bok mu var burda!<br />
Bir YII için<strong>de</strong> çok <strong>de</strong>gi~ik taw ve dü-<br />
:;;ünceler1e kar$IIB:?lnn. Asker genei<strong>de</strong> iyi<br />
ili$ki kurmak, slcak davranmak yanhslYdl.<br />
Genel komutanhklan gelen emirler<br />
<strong>de</strong> bu dogrultudaydl taten:<br />
- Halkla iyi diyalog ... Sicakkanh yak.<br />
la$lm ... Güleryüz ...<br />
Ancak bu dü:;;üncelerin dl$lf1da kalanlar<br />
vardl. Bazllarl için Tunceli, alabildi.<br />
gine çabuk kaçnmasl gereken bir yerdi.<br />
Bu gibilerin gözün<strong>de</strong> lunceli'ye yatlnm<br />
yapmal( günahtl! Yél7.lkll bunca harcanan<br />
paraya! Bir gün ya$Ifl' ba$1fl1 aimi:;;<br />
bir aslsubay, $ehrin bo:;;altlhp, "Egilim<br />
sahasl" o/arak kul!afllimasi önerisini alml$tl<br />
ortaya. Uçsuz bucakslz bir egitim<br />
sahas,! Ama bana en ael gelen dÜ$ün.<br />
ce yi genç bir aslsubay çavu$ dile gelir.<br />
mi~li. Güzel bir sonbahar günü Tugaym<br />
tam kar$ISlndaki Alalürk Lisesi'n<strong>de</strong>n neçeli<br />
çl(jhklar atarak çlkan bir sürü orta.<br />
okul lalebesi ni göstererek:<br />
- i$le geleeegin lerörislleri!.. <strong>de</strong>mi:;;.<br />
ti. Donup kalml$tlm. Atalürk'ün ülkeyi<br />
eman<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong>li!)i gençli!)imize bakl$ açlsl<br />
buydu <strong>de</strong>mek!<br />
•<br />
"AÇ KAPIYI, JANDARMA!"<br />
Her zama;,ki gibi sabah a kar:;;1kU$al-<br />
Ilk köyün çevresini. Hazlrladl!)lm plan<br />
uyannca aramamlz gereken ilk eve dog.<br />
ru i1erlerken, erkekler<strong>de</strong>n birinin karan.<br />
hkla sürünerek yakla$llglnl gördüm. Mu.<br />
zaffer iyice yanlma sokularak kulaglma<br />
hSlldadl:<br />
- KOI'llltanlm, iler<strong>de</strong> bir ev var. hk<br />
yanlyor. Per<strong>de</strong>leri <strong>de</strong> slkl slkl kapalii ..<br />
o saalle bir evin 1~lglnln açlk olmasl<br />
pek hayra alam<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>gildi. i~ar<strong>et</strong>lerle anla$arak<br />
evi sardlk. Timi kutlamam gerekirdi.<br />
Bir lek Çlllrti bile çlkarmadan evi<br />
sarn:lI:;;lar, makinahy' da hakim vere kurmU$lardl.<br />
ASlriar kadar uzun gelen bir<br />
alçak sürünme sonucu kaplmn yanlna<br />
ula$lIk. Emin ve Muzaffer kaplmn iki Va.<br />
flInda yerlerini alinca hlzla vurdum. Vurmamla<br />
birlikte içer<strong>de</strong>ki 1$lk söndü. Ter<strong>de</strong>n<br />
SlrllSlklam kesilmi~tim. Elim<strong>de</strong>ki labancaya<br />
daha da slkl sanlarak baglrdlm:<br />
•<br />
"Bu tür baskmlarda gizli bir<br />
utanç duygusu sarardl benligi.<br />
mi. Bir yandan insanlan rahat.<br />
SIZ <strong>et</strong>menin tedirginligi, diger<br />
yandan görev duygusu durmakslZln<br />
çatl,lrlardl içim<strong>de</strong>."<br />
•<br />
- Ar; kiiPIYI jandarma ...<br />
Hayr<strong>et</strong>l Kapl açllml$11. E$ikte duran<br />
ya$h ada.m el in<strong>de</strong>ki gaz lam baSlnl dl~arlya<br />
dogru, uzatll:<br />
- Buyur ... Buyur komutan!<br />
Garip bir görüntüydü. Kaplda elin<strong>de</strong><br />
gaz lambaslyla bir köylü ve lam kar:;;lslnda<br />
loz loprak için<strong>de</strong> ver<strong>de</strong> yatan bir<br />
aSlegmen! Adam altml$, y<strong>et</strong>mi~ ya$lanrida<br />
vard, galiba. Belki daha bile ya~h.<br />
Pozisyonumu bozmadan sordum:<br />
- Kim var içer<strong>de</strong>!<br />
- Ben ve karlm!<br />
- Yalan söyleme!<br />
Sesimi plimo"" flploi
..<br />
DEVl\I1<br />
ögrenmi~ti. Birçok i~ girip çlkml~, bir<br />
turliJ dlkl~ tulluramaml~tl. Sonunda seble<br />
hahn<strong>de</strong> blraz para yapml~ ve köyüne<br />
dönmü~tü. iki klZlm gelin <strong>et</strong>mi:ï, üç<br />
oglunu da evermi~ti.<br />
_ Biri Mersin'<strong>de</strong>, biri Antep'te ... En<br />
küç(ikleri <strong>de</strong> köyün a~aOlsmda oturur.<br />
KimsOOen haYlr yok komutan. Benim <strong>de</strong><br />
bir ~ey beklediOim yok va! Va~amdan<br />
bekledi{Ji bir ~ey yoktu. Ama ya~aml birakmaya<br />
niy<strong>et</strong>i hiç yoktu! Çökelek ~yniri,<br />
tereyaO, yoOurt yaplp T~nceh ye<br />
gän<strong>de</strong>riyor, onun paraslnl da kltaba ya.<br />
•<br />
•<br />
"Ter<strong>de</strong>n SlfIlslklam kesllmi,.<br />
tim. Elim<strong>de</strong>ki tabancaya daha<br />
bir slkl sanlarak baOudlm: Aç<br />
kaPIYI,jandarma! .."<br />
•<br />
•<br />
tlnyordu. Gaz<strong>et</strong>eye <strong>de</strong> aboneydi va, SIklntlSI<br />
vardl:<br />
_ Gazate iki gün sonra geliyor buraya.<br />
Vani hep bi olup biteni iki gün sonra<br />
bgreniyoruz. . .<br />
Bazen, köye iki gün<strong>de</strong> bir gehp gl<strong>de</strong>n<br />
mi'libüsün ~oförü gaz<strong>et</strong>eyi g<strong>et</strong>irmeyi<br />
unutuyor, 0 zaman da çile<strong>de</strong>n ÇlklYordu<br />
Mustafa Amea.<br />
Okuduklanm, kendi yorumlanm da katip<br />
kanslna anlatmaktan çok ho~lamyordu.<br />
"Biraz aOlr i~itir. ÇoOunu da anlamaz<br />
ya olsun" diyordu. Peki hiç mi istOOi{Ji,bekIOOi{jibir<br />
~eyyoktu y~mdan?<br />
"Var" <strong>de</strong>di Mustafa Amea. Bir'an durdu.<br />
Derin bir nefes aldl:<br />
- Ah bir televizyonum olsa komutan l<br />
Varsm siyah-beyaz olsun. Bu YII in~allah<br />
elektrik geleeek köye. Bizim SIpaya<br />
müdana <strong>et</strong>mezdim.<br />
Tuneeli anilanmm en renkli, en onurlu<br />
ki~ilerin<strong>de</strong>n biri sen oldun Mustafa<br />
Amea. in~allah istedi{Jin televizyona<br />
kavu~mu~sundur.<br />
Sütlüee yöresin<strong>de</strong>ki Baldan ve Koealar<br />
köyü yaklnlnda pusu ve arama görevi<br />
teblig edildigini <strong>de</strong> pek umursamamH~tim.<br />
Bir geeelik Siradan bir görevdi i~te.<br />
Artlk yan motorize saYlhrdlk. Görev bölgemizin<br />
mümkün Qldu{Ju kadar yaklmna<br />
sivil araçlarla biraklllyor, görev bitimin<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> aynl yer<strong>de</strong>n Ylne aym araçla ahmyordu.<br />
Hava kararmadan önee gi<strong>de</strong>eegimiz<br />
bölgeyi ke~fe çlkma zorunlulu-<br />
QU da yeni sistemin bir parçaslydl.<br />
TAKDiRNAME<br />
On iki ki~i1ik timimle Devl<strong>et</strong> Su 1~leri'-<br />
nin bir , minibüsünün için<strong>de</strong> sarsllarak<br />
Ilerliyorduk. Vol çok kötü, hava da yagmurluydu.<br />
Geee pusuya yataeaglmlz<br />
yerleri göz<strong>de</strong>n geçirirken, tim çavu~u Ercan<br />
yan taraflmdaki tepeyi i~ar<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong>ti.<br />
- En üste bak komutamm. Birileri<br />
var.<br />
Dürbün yoktu. Gözlerimi klsarak baktim.<br />
Gerçekten <strong>de</strong> tepenin üzerin<strong>de</strong> üç<br />
ki~i vardl. Oturuyorlardl, daha dogrusu<br />
yatmakla oturmak araslnda.Önee, "Bu<br />
havada ne i~leri var allahln daglnda" diye<br />
dü~ündüm. Sonra aklima gelen ihtimalle<br />
bir an ürperdlm. $ofbre:<br />
_ Hiçbir ~ey yokmu~ gibl <strong>de</strong>vam <strong>et</strong>.<br />
Minibüs ilk vira)1 dönünee indik. Sürünerek<br />
tepeye yakla~tlk. En yakln nok.<br />
taya ula~lnea tüfegimi dogrultarak<br />
baglrdlm:<br />
•<br />
'~ Eller yukan jandarma!<br />
Tepe<strong>de</strong>ki üç ki,i sesimi duyar<br />
duymaz kaçmaya ba~laml~lardl,<br />
Demek ki teröristti bunlar, Dört<br />
G3 aym anda patlad!. .."<br />
•<br />
- Eller yukan jandarma! Tepe<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
üç ki~i sesimi duyar duymaz kaçmaya<br />
ba~laml~lardl. Demek ki hakhydlm. Teröri.slti<br />
bunlar! OOrt G3 ay", anda palladl.<br />
lsab<strong>et</strong> kay<strong>de</strong>dilememi~ti! Adamlar tepenin<br />
ardlnda kaybolduklannda ben <strong>de</strong><br />
timi dör<strong>de</strong> aYlrmakla me~guldüm. Telsizle<br />
merkeze bilgi verdikten sonra saaller<br />
sürecek aVI ba~latllm.<br />
Operasyon dört saat sonra sana erdi.<br />
Hava kararml~, yagmur da yeni<strong>de</strong>n<br />
b~laml~tl. B~tan ~agl çamura slvanml~.<br />
daga tlrmamrken art arda silah sesleri<br />
duydum. DiQer gruplardan biri kar-<br />
~lla~ml~1I herhal<strong>de</strong>. Erler<strong>de</strong>n birine zarar<br />
gelmesin dive dua e<strong>de</strong>rek 0 yöne<br />
saptlm. Biraz sonra yanlanna ula~ml~'<br />
tlk. Karanhkta zar seçerek sordum:<br />
- Ne oldu, yakaladlmz ml?<br />
- Kaçar ml komutamm.<br />
Bir ferahhk duygusuyla oldugum ye.<br />
re çöktüm. Biraz nefeslendikten sonr;;<br />
yakalananlartn yanlna gittim. Büyük bir<br />
kava parçaslnln dibine oturmu~lardl. Birbirlerine<br />
kelepçeyle bagh iki ki~i. El fenerini<br />
yüzlerine çevirinee hayr<strong>et</strong>le<br />
ba{Jlrdlm.<br />
- Bunlar ml terörist?<br />
Kar~lmda on alti, on yedl ya~lannda<br />
surallan korkudan kararml~ iki çoeuk<br />
vardl. Daha blYlklan bile terlememi~ iki<br />
çoeuk! Çavu~a döndüm:<br />
- Emin misin bunlar oldugundan?<br />
- Itiraf <strong>et</strong>tiler komutanlm. Zaten kaçarken<br />
yakaladlk. Sir <strong>de</strong> tüfek vardl<br />
yanlannda.<br />
Erin tüfek <strong>de</strong>digi çifteydi. Avda kuliamian,<br />
çift klrmah <strong>de</strong>diklerin<strong>de</strong>n. Tam 0<br />
slrada Tugay Komulanl aradl. Vakaladlglmlzl<br />
bildi rdikten sonra kaçaklara<br />
döndüm.<br />
- Ne yaplyordunuz tepe<strong>de</strong>?<br />
- Keklik avllyorduk komutanlm.<br />
Bir sevinç kapladl içimi. Söyledi{Jinin<br />
do{Jru olmasl umuduyla sorguya <strong>de</strong>vam<br />
<strong>et</strong>tim.<br />
- Peki niçin kaçtlmz?<br />
- Korkluk.<br />
ikisi kar<strong>de</strong>~ti. Kemal ve Musti;lfa. Evleri<br />
az iler<strong>de</strong>ydi. Keklik aVina çlkml~lar,<br />
bizi görünee <strong>de</strong> korkup kaçml~lardl. Pe.<br />
kl ya üçüneü ki~i. 0 nere<strong>de</strong>ydi?<br />
- De<strong>de</strong>mizdi komutan/m. $imdi ev<strong>de</strong>dlr.<br />
Pek tatmin olmaml~tlm. Üstelik yagmur<br />
alllnda dört saat ko~turman/n öfkesl<br />
<strong>de</strong> yaklyordu içimi. Gösterdikleri evi bas-<br />
Ilk. Bir kadln, ya~h bir adam ve bir klz<br />
çocugu vardl ev<strong>de</strong>. Va~h adam, çoeuklann<br />
ifa<strong>de</strong>sini doOruluyordu. Bu arada<br />
panzer ve ye<strong>de</strong>k kuvvel <strong>de</strong> olay yerine<br />
y<strong>et</strong>i~mi~ti. Tepeye Çlktlk. Gerçekten<br />
<strong>de</strong> keklik avlamak için kurulmu~ tuzaklar<br />
bulduk. Vapllan sorgulamalar ve<br />
ar~tlrmalar sonueu bizim yakaladlglmlz<br />
çocuklann gerçek birer keklik avoisi 01-<br />
duklan ortaya Çlktl. Hem <strong>de</strong> profesyonel!<br />
Rezit olma",n verdigi utanel ya~arken,<br />
bir <strong>de</strong> Tugay KomutaOl "çaglrlnea ne yapacaglml<br />
~Irml~tlm. Olümler<strong>de</strong>n ölüm<br />
begenerek huzura çlktlm! Hayre\. Pa:?a<br />
gülümsüyordu. Üstelik:<br />
- Bravo astegmenim. Tebrik e<strong>de</strong>rim,<br />
• <strong>de</strong>yinee iyiee affalladlm. Herhal<strong>de</strong> alay<br />
ediyordu. Biraz sonra benim tim<strong>de</strong> bulunan<br />
erleri <strong>de</strong> çaglrtarak tek tek kulla-<br />
Ylnea, rüya gördügümü san maya ba~laml~lIm<br />
ki komutan açlkladl:<br />
- Gerçekle~tirdiginil klstlrma operasyonu<br />
ve yönellm ~eklinll<br />
fevkala<strong>de</strong>ydi.<br />
• •<br />
•<br />
"Tepeye Çlktlk. Gerçekten <strong>de</strong><br />
keklik avlemak için kurulmu~<br />
tuzaklar bulduk. Bizim yakaladlOlmlZ<br />
çocuklann gerçek birer<br />
keklik aveisi oldu klan ortaya<br />
Çlktl, Hem <strong>de</strong> profesyonel."<br />
•<br />
Pa~a sonueu umursamlyordu. Dört<br />
saat süren operasyon ve sonunda takip<br />
<strong>et</strong>tigimiz ki~ileri yakalamamlz çok ho~una<br />
gitmi~ti. Ben bir takdirname ve on<br />
be~ bin lira ile taltif edilirken, erler <strong>de</strong> birer<br />
ba~an belgesi ve ikl~er bin lira ile<br />
ödüllendirilmi~lerdi. Bu olaydan sonra<br />
arkada
DEVAH<br />
elin<strong>de</strong> makinah tüfe{jiyle bir aste{jmenin<br />
içeri girip; .<br />
•<br />
- Kan vermek istiyorum <strong>de</strong>mesi On.<br />
ce bir sessizlik yaratmlli, ardlndan kori.<br />
dar bayram verine dOnmülitü. Nasll da<br />
sanlml,lardl ellerime. Hasan Amca na.<br />
s,1da dualar <strong>et</strong>mi,ti kendi dilin<strong>de</strong>, anla.<br />
yamadlOlm. Sonra aylar boyu süt, yu.<br />
murta,peynir talilmllilardl tugaya. Koca<br />
bir ,ilie viski <strong>de</strong> cabasl!..<br />
llile Aktuluk Karakolu. Kurliun ya{lmu.<br />
runa tutulan. yard!ma gi<strong>de</strong>rken pusuya<br />
dÜlitüQümüz karakol. Panzerin üzerin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
seken Mg3 mermilerinin so{luk IShklan",<br />
a",mslyorum. Dör<strong>de</strong> üç tertip<br />
Tahir elin<strong>de</strong>n yaralanml$tl.<br />
Va zavalh Turan. Özel limin henüz blr<br />
haftahk elema", Turan Gündüz. GeYlksuyu<br />
Kar$llar köyü operasyonunda. 20<br />
$ubat 1986'da yirmi ya$lnI nOklalam!$-<br />
II. Helikopter<strong>de</strong>n en son allayan oydu.<br />
Evin damlna on m<strong>et</strong>re yükseklen atlamanln<br />
sersemli{lini almaya çall$lrken<br />
yeml$11kur$unu! Tepe<strong>de</strong>n allian mermi,<br />
köprücük kemi{linin üzerin<strong>de</strong>n girip kai.<br />
bi parçalaml$, hemen oraclkta can vermi$ti.<br />
Dört ayllk çocu{lunun henüz yü.<br />
zünü bile görmedigini son radan ö{lren.<br />
mi$tik!<br />
!u~C~li:.klsaclk süre<strong>de</strong> yitip gitti göz.<br />
lenmln onun<strong>de</strong>n. Her zamanki ne$esiyle<br />
Do~or Aykut, Sevgili Emre, geni$ yürek.<br />
Il yUzb8$lm,dost Mustafa, Hüseyin Perlek'ii<br />
Celai Amca, kocaman gözlü Sema<br />
ve di{lerleriyle birlikte... .<br />
Hiç GÖZGÖZE GElDiNiz<br />
Mi?<br />
2OOO'eDogru redaktôrünün gözü, Komando<br />
Tim Komuta"' Ümit Zileli'nin son<br />
cümlesinin ardlna koydu{lu üç noktaya<br />
taklldl kaldl. Gaz<strong>et</strong>eler, kaç ylldan beri<br />
vurulan gerillalann veya askerlerin sa-<br />
YIS!",veriyor, foto{lraflan", yayrnllyordu.<br />
Ama vurulanrn da vura",n da, pusuda<br />
yalan," da pusuya dÜ$enin <strong>de</strong>, evi aranan,"<br />
da araya",n da insan olduOu ash~da<br />
güme gidi~?rdu. Hiç operasyona<br />
gl<strong>de</strong>n askenn yureOin<strong>de</strong> duyduklan",<br />
dÜ$ündünüz mü, hiç yoksul kOylülerin<br />
evlerin<strong>de</strong> arama yapt,",z ml, onlarla QÖz,<br />
göze geldiniz mi, sabah pusuya gi<strong>de</strong>rken<br />
üç saat mesafe<strong>de</strong>ki akul yoluna koyulan<br />
bir klza rastlad,"lz ml? Toplum bu<br />
sorulardan kopartllml$, soruna hiç insan<br />
insana ili$kiler açls,"dan bakllmaml$11.<br />
VARGISIZ lOAM<br />
Peki toplum "yakala ve öldür" diven<br />
bu yazlh emirlerin yasalh{ll", tartl$acak<br />
mlydl? V<strong>et</strong>kili makamlar konunun üzerine<br />
e{jilecek miydi? Genelkurmay ara~hracak<br />
mlydl? Hüküm<strong>et</strong> esas sorumlu<br />
olarak ne cevap verecekti? Siyasal partiler<br />
iktidanyla muhalefeliyle bizim insa-<br />
",mlzln huzur ve güven sorunu olarak<br />
bu yazlll emri Meclis 'gün<strong>de</strong>mine g<strong>et</strong>irec~kler<br />
miydi? VClksagene geçi$lirilecek<br />
mlydl? Turgu.I Ozal üzerini ml kapalacaktl<br />
... Erdallnönü, "incelemek lazlm"<br />
<strong>de</strong>yip sonra gene susacak mlydl?Süleyman<br />
Demirel, Ecevil ne diyeceklerdi?<br />
• •<br />
"Elin<strong>de</strong> makinah tüfegiyle bir<br />
astegmenin içeri girip 'Kan<br />
vermek istiyorum' <strong>de</strong>mesi,<br />
hastane koridorunu bayramverine<br />
çevirmi~ti. Köylüler nasll<br />
da sanlml~lardl elime..:'<br />
•<br />
2ooo'e Dogru'nun 1010kopiierini ya-<br />
Ylnladl{ll yazlll emirler leksirle ço{lallllml$.<br />
Belli ki, bu genel bir uygulamadlr.<br />
Olay, emri imzalayan komula",n sorumlulugunun<br />
ötesin<strong>de</strong> bir hukuk <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>l sorunudur,<br />
yurt1a$lncan korkusu olmadan<br />
ya$ayabilmesi, çobanlll rahathkla davar<br />
otlalabilmesi, insa",n yurdunda rahatça<br />
gezebilmesi, çe$me<strong>de</strong>n su doldurabil.<br />
mesi sorunudur. Çünkü yarglslz idam<br />
kaplsl açllml$tlr.<br />
ARTIK BElGELi<br />
2000'e Dogru SaVinAydm Gürkan'm<br />
~çlklamaslnl ve Komanda Tim Kornuta"'<br />
Umit Zileli'nin anlattlklannr yorumsuz<br />
yaYlnhyor. Konu aydlnlatllmahdlr, Ama<br />
. d~vl~ti her $eyin üstün<strong>de</strong> ve yurttalil da<br />
hlçblr $~y sayan bir anlaY1lia iki ör.<br />
nekle dlkkat çekmenin artlk yeridir.<br />
1981ylll Mart aYlndaYlz.Jandarma 51-<br />
nrf Okulu'nun kursu bitmi$. Jandarma<br />
Genel Komutanl ve MGK Üyesi Org. Sedat<br />
Celasun jandarma te{jmenlerine hi.<br />
lap ediyor: "Köye gittiniz, teröristi ver.<br />
miyorlar. Köyü yakacaksl",z. Kayma.<br />
kam ml kar$1çlk'yor, çlksln. Arkanrzda<br />
ben vanm." OlaYI aktaran: Re'sen<br />
emekli jandarma üste(lmeni."<br />
1982 YIII Mart ayl. Istihbarat ve Oil<br />
Okulu bodrumu. Genç subaylar sorU$'<br />
turmaslnda sorgulan sürüyor. Sorgulanan<br />
te{jmenin gözleri ba{lh, Kendisine<br />
siyasal e{jillminin saptanabilmesi için $U<br />
soru yöneltiliyor:<br />
- Da{lda bir gerilla bir klZI çevirmi$,<br />
ne yaparsm?<br />
~egmen yasalara uygun olan ya"'tl<br />
venyor:<br />
- Teslim olmaslnl söylerim, önce ha.<br />
vaya, sonra ayag,"a ate$ e<strong>de</strong>rim.<br />
Sorguyu yönelen yüksek rülbeli subay<br />
heyecan la ba{llflyor:<br />
- Vursana tegmenim, vursana. Vakaladln,<br />
hâlâ ne duruyorsun, vursana?!<br />
Bu anllar, 2000 'e Dogru 'va subay sorU$lurmalanyla<br />
i1gili haberi haZirlarken<br />
anlatllml$ll, ama 0 zaman yaymlanmadl.<br />
Çünkü kaM, yoktu. $imdi yay,"laya.<br />
biliyoruz. Ehmlz<strong>de</strong>ki belge, "yakalamak<br />
ve öldürmek maksadlyla" harekât yapil.<br />
maSlnl emrediyor. . .<br />
Emrin uyguianmasi<br />
Olay 1<br />
"Kar$1 laraltan blr kl7 'Ieshm<br />
oluyorum' dlye baglrdl. Sllahl yoklu<br />
o arada Aslsubay Orhan Keskin<br />
'vur' emn verdi. Erler <strong>de</strong> ate$<strong>et</strong>ti. KI-<br />
Zlöldürduler," Anlata:'!:Jandarma tarallndan<br />
kllavuzhJk yapmaya zorlanan<br />
köylüler<strong>de</strong>n Ozgur Yagmur.Tunceli<br />
Hozal Ilçesi Aliören köyü Glzörü<br />
Mezras,"dakl silahh çah$madan<br />
(2000'e Dogru say' 19).<br />
Olay 2<br />
"Müslum <strong>de</strong> kemmmdaki <strong>de</strong>reye<br />
alladl. 0 allar allamaz. kendislne bu<br />
kez 15-20 melre mesale<strong>de</strong>n Orhan<br />
Astsubay larallndan ate$ açlldlglnl<br />
gördüm Ben bacaglmdan yaralanml$tlm.<br />
'Ale$ elmeyln' dlye baglrdlm.<br />
Orhan Astsubay Ikl el daha ale$ <strong>et</strong>tl<br />
Yarahyegenim Muslum Yagmur'-<br />
un yanlna kadar glltlm Kucaglma al.<br />
dim Olmüslu" Anlatan Ozgur Yagmur<br />
Tuncell Hozat Ilcesi Alloren koyu.<br />
G,ZOZUmezras' 12000'e Dogru<br />
say' 19)<br />
ml?<br />
Olay 3<br />
"Komulan, yuzbaslya labancaslnl<br />
çlkanp bqna dogrulltugunu. sonra<br />
kUf$unula$maz dlyerek askerler<strong>de</strong>n<br />
G-3 tüfegi istemey' dusündügünü<br />
anlattl." Anlatan: 8ingol'e in$aatmalzemesi<br />
g<strong>et</strong>irip leronst sanllarak gözallma<br />
allnan Aydin Konar (2oo0'e<br />
Dogru saYI 43)<br />
Olay 4<br />
"Ate$ elmeYln. biz koyluyüz, biz<br />
yolcuyuz diVe baglrdlk. Jandarma<br />
mevzl<strong>de</strong>n blzi hiç dlnleme<strong>de</strong>n üzerimize<br />
geldi Bir yandan ate$ edlyordu.<br />
Bir<strong>de</strong>n Kazlm'In <strong>de</strong>vrildlgini gördüm."<br />
Anlatan: Ayn' olayda yaralanan<br />
Kamber Surücu Kazlm Demirlas'm<br />
6lümü, Eiazig Karakoçan ilçesi,<br />
Feraç koyu (2000'e Dogru saYI<br />
43)<br />
Olay 5<br />
"Karakol Basçavusu. Sertkaya'ya<br />
alumun<strong>de</strong>n once .Senl eltmlz<strong>de</strong>n<br />
kimse alamaz, sen Kendlnlolmus CIl.<br />
arllk yasamlyorsun. BIZ<strong>de</strong>vi<strong>et</strong>lz. BI'<br />
ze klmse kan~amaz. ama biz Istediglmizl<br />
yapanz. Bizim elimiz<strong>de</strong> yelki<br />
var' diyordu."Anlalan: H .G. 19KaSlm<br />
1982'<strong>de</strong> gözaltma .allnan Hüseyin<br />
Sertkaya'nln 21 Kaslm'da ç,lümü<br />
(2OO0'e Dogru saYI 32),<br />
Olay 6<br />
Tunceli Süllüce bUl;agl". Be$ klz<br />
arkada$ çe$me basmda konu$uyorlar.<br />
Bir<strong>de</strong>n karakoldan ales açlltyor.<br />
Klzlardan iklsl yaralamyor."Nöbel Slraslnda<br />
silahl kaza sonucu ate$<br />
alml$" <strong>de</strong>nerek blr er luluklanlYor<br />
(2000'e Dogru saYI 19)<br />
Belge<br />
"Terör ve bölücülüge kar$1 blraz<br />
da gaddar olmak gereklidlr. Kar~llImlz<br />
bir gerilla ml? Biz <strong>de</strong> ona kar$1<br />
onun laklikleri ile sava$mahYlz Kallesçe<br />
yapllmakta olan bir i$in uste.<br />
Sin<strong>de</strong>n gelebilmek lçln bazen gayrlflIzaml.<br />
gaddar ve gerekirse kalle$çe<br />
davranmak gereklyor"<br />
Eskl PKKïl yem lliralçlnln <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>e<br />
onerllenn
DEVAM ~<br />
AYDIN GÜRKAN -<br />
Yargl y<strong>et</strong>kisi güvenlik güçlerine blraklhyor<br />
PKK'nin eylemlerine dikkatle<br />
bakmak gercklldlr. Bu ey-<br />
!emlerin amael yöre halklnl<br />
kendileri içln kazanmak <strong>de</strong>gildlr<br />
Çunku PKK, Inanilmaz bir aelmaslzhkla,<br />
ozelhkle Kendi soyda~la.<br />
MI katl<strong>et</strong>mektedir. PKK, bu katliam.<br />
Ian ne<strong>de</strong>niyle kendisine kar$1 da bir<br />
kin ve husum<strong>et</strong> dalgaslnln dogaeag,nl<br />
elbelte bilmekte va hesaplamak.<br />
tadtr. Ama buna ragmen masum in.<br />
sanlan öld ürmeyi surdu rmektedirler.<br />
Bence PKK' ntn ac,mas,z kitle kat.<br />
Iiamlanndaki temel amael, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>i tela$a<br />
kapt'rtmak 'le <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>e gl<strong>de</strong>rilemez<br />
yanh$llklar ve hatalar yapllrtmaktlr.<br />
Eger <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in goziJ yalnlzca<br />
blr avuç terorls! grubu g6rür ve dovl<strong>et</strong><br />
tüm ka rar ve davran Islarlnda yalntzea<br />
onlan .. 'Itlal elmeYI" Ön plana<br />
ahrsa, bunun dogal sonueu masum<br />
haikin kor unmaSlnln unutulmasl, Ihmal<br />
cdtlmesl ve hatta bunlann zarara<br />
ugramaslna aldlrmazllk ve kaYltslzhk<br />
göslen Imesidir Bence <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong><br />
hiçbir zaman kendlni salt blr "antilerör<br />
liml" 0larak'g6rmemeli ve halkin,<br />
<strong>de</strong>vle!1 salt bir savasGI örgùt al a-<br />
rak algllamaslna ne<strong>de</strong>n olmamahdlr.<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong>, aS11islevir.in yurlta$lnl koruma<br />
'le güven altlnda bulundurma 0:'<br />
dugunu hiç unutmamahdlr. Çünkü<br />
b,r sorumSliz 'le yasadl$1 silahh grubun<br />
yuzleree insa,'ll öldürmesi kenri/slnd"n<br />
beklenebillr ama, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in<br />
hu lek 'vd rttaSIr.a klymast, 0 <strong>de</strong>vle!<br />
IGIn çok Ylpriltici sonuGlar dogurabi-<br />
Ilr PKK da bunu btldlgl IÇIn. <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>l<br />
telasa kapl,rlel büyùk kltle eylemlenne<br />
yonelryol ve 'stiyor kl. <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>. huku~,<br />
<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>l ,Ikelennl ve Insan canlnln<br />
ne pahaslna olursa olsun korunma.<br />
SI görevinl t'?las lçin<strong>de</strong> Ihmal <strong>et</strong>sl!) ve<br />
böylece <strong>de</strong>vlèl-halk yabancilasmasi<br />
dogsun. PKK vanltlan b,lmektedlrler<br />
Ki, kendileri ne ölçü<strong>de</strong> aClmaslzhk<br />
gösterirlerse, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in kendisinin <strong>de</strong><br />
hukuk dl~1 bir aelmaslzhk tuzaglna<br />
dÜ$mesi olaslhgl 0 ölçü<strong>de</strong> artar. ,Bu<br />
ne<strong>de</strong>nle bu ölçü<strong>de</strong> ae,maslz davranlyorlar<br />
ve zaman zaman <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>i <strong>de</strong><br />
ayn' ölçü<strong>de</strong> aClmaslzhga zorluyorlar,<br />
Örne(lin <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in bir sllahh çatl$ma.'<br />
da öldürdüQü insanlar, dakikalarca<br />
TV'<strong>de</strong> göstermesi, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in bOylesi.<br />
ne lm aClmas,zhk tuzaQ,na pekala<br />
dÜ$ebileeegini göstermektedir, Dev.<br />
l<strong>et</strong>, bir insanl, bu insan kesln olarak<br />
suçlu bile ols a öldürmemeye ve va.<br />
sam,nl koruyarak cezaland,rmaya<br />
büyük çaba göstermelidir, Ama eger<br />
"öldürmekten" bas ka çare kalm'yor.<br />
sa, hiç <strong>de</strong>gilse bunu bir güç gösteri-<br />
SI saYlp teshir <strong>et</strong>me aClmaslzllglnt<br />
yapmamahdlr Bu belkl geçiei blr korku<br />
ve ürkLin'tü verir, ama koruyueu<br />
<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> imajlnl çok ze<strong>de</strong>ler. Devl<strong>et</strong> koruyueu<br />
<strong>de</strong>gil, korkutucu oldu mu, blr<br />
süre sonra halkla <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> yabaneila$masl<br />
dogar, çünkü korku duygusu<br />
"öz<strong>de</strong>$lesmeye" <strong>de</strong>gil "yabanellasmaya"<br />
kaynaKltk e<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
PKK ile yapllan müea<strong>de</strong>le<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>v.<br />
l<strong>et</strong>in nasrl hatalara yöneitilebileeegl'<br />
nln örnekleri~<strong>de</strong>n biri <strong>de</strong> elim<strong>de</strong> bulunan<br />
t:'lr belge<strong>de</strong> görülebiltr. Bu<br />
belge<strong>de</strong> :1~lyön<strong>et</strong>im komutanllgl, ilgililere<br />
örgüt elemanlanntn "yakalanip<br />
'Ie öldürülmesl" için emir Glkarlmakladlr.<br />
Emir, aGlkça "yakala<br />
6ldur" diyo!. Yakalanlp biduruleeek<br />
alan da, "bölLieLi ve Ylklel orgut<br />
elemanlan'; K:mln "bblucü ve yrklcr<br />
örgut eleman l'' oldugunun bellrlenmesl<br />
y<strong>et</strong>klsi rse, bu ernlrle dolayl: olarak<br />
guverltk gLiçlenne brrakrl:yor<br />
Böyle blr durumda blrçok masum ve<br />
suçsuz insanln bölueu ve Ylkler örgül<br />
elemanl sanrlarak "yakalanma-<br />
SI ve öldürülrnesi" ad<strong>et</strong>a kaçtnrlmaz<br />
~ Aydm Gurkan<br />
blr "kaza" haline gelryor Ne yazlk kr.<br />
bu l'JI "yanlrSllklara" çok rastlanmaktadrr<br />
Guvenltk gùçlennln, bölLicLi<br />
ve Ylklel brgut elemanlannln Kim<br />
oldugunun takdlrinr kendlsl yaparak,<br />
öldürme eezaslnl kendrsinrn verebllmesi,<br />
ku~kusuz güvenlik güçlerinin<br />
halk tarallndan koruyucu ve guvenlik<br />
saglaYler güçler olarak <strong>de</strong>gil <strong>de</strong>,<br />
kendllertnl her an brr yanlrsltga<br />
"kurban" e<strong>de</strong>bileeek, korkutucu<br />
güçler olm aSI sonueun u dogurabrlir<br />
Bu Ise, PKK'YI Istedlgl he<strong>de</strong>fe daha<br />
rahat ulastlrlr 0 da sudur' "Ben <strong>de</strong><br />
61dùrLiyorum ama, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> ben<strong>de</strong>n<br />
pek farkll <strong>de</strong>gll 0 da blduruyor" Bu<br />
ne<strong>de</strong>nle çok gùç ko~ullar alt:nda hlzm<strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>et</strong>tlg,n: brldlglmlz guvenllk guç.<br />
lenm,zln. kosullarln guçlugune ragmen,<br />
ne pahaslna olursa olsun. koruyucu.<br />
guven saglaYlcl, hukllk <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>lne<br />
sonuna <strong>de</strong>k bagll, kailci ve Insan<br />
canlnl korumaYI temel he<strong>de</strong>l sa-<br />
YICInlteilklertn<strong>de</strong> ze<strong>de</strong>lenmeye ugramamasi<br />
son <strong>de</strong>rece önemltdlr. Ba~an<br />
da buyuk olçu<strong>de</strong> buna bagildrr<br />
~iRiN DOGAN'IN<br />
YARALANMASI<br />
'Ne<strong>de</strong>n vuruldum anlama.dlm'<br />
, Dev,<strong>et</strong>m landarmasi ve polisinin gö-<br />
. relli, insanlann ean güvenligini saglamak<br />
olmalt, ama burada tam tersi oluyor.<br />
Niye vuruldugumu anlamadlm ha-<br />
Ien. Ne<strong>de</strong>n böyle davranryorlar.'<br />
Hozal ilçesinin Tas,tli köyü d1kis nakl~<br />
kursu ägrelmeni $irin Dogan'tn yaz latili<br />
bitmi~tir. 14 Eylül günü görev ba~1<br />
yapmak için yola Ç1kar Kendisi <strong>de</strong> yak,n<br />
kbyler<strong>de</strong>n birr alan Stn köyün<strong>de</strong>ndir. Yolda<br />
yalntz kalmamak içtn yanlna ameasln,n<br />
oglu Bilai Dagan', ahr.<br />
r
~A.PO'CUlARIN içY~Q_.~ MERKEl ~?MiTESi ÜYElERi ANlATIYOR<br />
, IIPKK cöküyor"<br />
~.... ~ , ....<br />
29. 11 . 1987<br />
r<br />
çogunlugu üst çlüzey YÖn~.ticil~.rind~n Oll:!$an100 dolaYlnda PKKIl, orgutten<br />
kacarak Irak ve Iran'daki Kurt ko lenne slgln.dl..__ .. _ . __ " .... _. ._.. _<br />
di. hte bizim gerçegimiz bu. Ba$- veremezdlm <strong>de</strong> ... Oaha soma ~K<br />
"PKK'dan kaçmalar bu hlz!a <strong>de</strong>- Partiye inanarak girdigini ve i<strong>de</strong>- ka ne anlataYlm sana. Ne<strong>de</strong>n ola- üyesi ~ehmus arkadas. 3.s~at bemmvam<br />
e<strong>de</strong>rse çok sürme<strong>de</strong>n bu hare- olojik aYr/ltgl olmadlglm söyleyen rak da yakalanabilir ve slgmakla- le konustu. Ne <strong>de</strong>?lglnI .anlamak<strong>et</strong><br />
daglltr. " Besey ltmeç ise, Il y,ll,k parti ya- rm yerini gösterebilir <strong>de</strong>nildi. Bu dim, ne kai ne <strong>de</strong> glt <strong>de</strong>dI. Som~-<br />
PKK'mn eski askeri sorumlusu $amml $öy/e öz<strong>et</strong>liyordu: "Simdi partinin ba$mda Apo oldugu süre- dan anladlm k.l 0 da kaçmaYI du-<br />
Nebez, kendisiyle Irak daglarmda ne<strong>de</strong>nini söyleyemeyecegim özel bir ce hiçbir $ey yapllamaz. " sünüyormus. ~lmdl kaçtlgm.l d~.ö~görü$en<br />
Nokta muhabirine bunla- olaydan dolaYI bana kU$kuyla bak- PKK'dan kaçanlarm ortak kam-. rendirn. Ben <strong>de</strong> kaçl1m. Gördugun<br />
söylerken bir hayli heyecanltydl. maya ba$ladllar. Bu olaydan son- SI, kaçl$1arm durmayacagl ve gi<strong>de</strong>-: nüz gihi saklanmaya çahS.lYoru~.<br />
PKK'dan kaçl$mm üzerin<strong>de</strong>n bir ra tam. üç YII'.l!artiye kendimi ka- rek artacagl yolundaydl. Ancak bu, : Nokta: Son Ylllarda. ~Irçok ust<br />
Ylla a$km bir zaman geçmesine kar-. bul <strong>et</strong>ttrmek lçm canla ba$la çall$- PKK'mn bir anda çöküp daglilve-', düzey arkadasmlz, partmlz tarafm-<br />
$m yine <strong>de</strong> korkuyor, fazla konu$- tIm. Ama onla~ bana hep' ku~kuJ!.-. recegi anlamma d~ gelmem~liYdi. :dan öldürüldü. Bunlara karS' çlkmak<br />
istemiyordu. Aym durumda la bakt/lar. B~".,6 ay Irak t~ bl~ko.- i Çünkü Abdullah Ocalan 'm matçl-! mlyor muY.dunuz~ . .<br />
olan, Jran ve Irak'taki Kürt parti- ye btraklP c.ldlyo~lardl. DII bllml- i llgl konusunda hepsi hemfikirdi.: Sema\'i:Olme~ ISl1~orsan çlka~llerine<br />
ya da Kürt köylerine sIgman yordum, klmseYI tammlYo~~u,!" : Korkulan, çökü$ kayglSlyla kanll! lirsin tabll. Aksl mumkun ~egll,<br />
100 dolaymda PKK'lmm varllgml B~na ragmen çall$mala~',,!,surd~r- ; eylemlerin daha dafütursuz bir bi-: Zaten kims~ k!mseye ~üv~nmIYor.<br />
ögrenen Nokta muhabiri onlara dum. Daha sonr~ part/mn yaZI '~- : çime dönü$mesiydi. :Aynl seylen hlss<strong>et</strong>se.m.z .blle soyleulapnak<br />
için yöreye gitmÎ$ti. Ancak lerin~ ~/dl/~r bem. Fa~a~.b?na gu- PKK'nm içyüzünü, stradan in-: yemezsiniz. Söyledlgmlz sey ne<br />
ula$maYI ba$ardlgl insanIarm bir v~nslz!lkler/ <strong>de</strong>~am <strong>et</strong>tigllçm~. dak~ i sanlan oldugu kadar kendi "yol-: olursa olsun, 0 yu.kan.ya rapor <strong>et</strong>bölümü<br />
öldürülecekleri korkusuy- tllo J:azarken bIle ba$lmda nob<strong>et</strong>çl: da$"larml da he<strong>de</strong>falan kanlayog-: me<strong>de</strong>n sen <strong>et</strong>melism kI kurtulasm.<br />
la konu$maya yana$mayacaklardl. bekllyordu. Sonunda dayanama-. rulmu$ yaplS/m en iyi bilenler<strong>de</strong>n: Yoksa ya alan olursun, ya da ha-<br />
Bu ölüm korkusuna .ragmen dIm, kaçmak zorunda kaldlm. Su: biri <strong>de</strong> Hacl Abdülkerim Sema- in.<br />
Nokta muhabirinin üst düzey<strong>de</strong> gö- halime bakm, beni gören tan/ya- i vi'ydi. ! Uzun zaman bunlar düzelir diye<br />
rev yapml$ birçok PKK militam, maz. Korkunç bir durumdaYlm.'" Uzun Ylllar üst düzey yön<strong>et</strong>iCil bekledim. Zaten yumusak karakgerçegin<br />
ortaya çlkmasl için konu$- Kendisine yöneltilen "PKK'nm son. olarak çall$an Apo 'yla omuz omu- terli biriyil11.0 sert iliskileri her zamaYI<br />
göze alacak ve örgüt hakkm- durumu ne~ir?".sorusuna "Fazla I za merkez komitesi üyeligi yapan! man yumu}atmaya çali~lIm. Mesela<br />
da önemli aÇlklamalarda buluna- konu$mak Istemlyorum •.J(açmam i ancak daha sonra parti için<strong>de</strong>ki öl-! ni}anh iki genç vardl, dlger pesmercaklardl.<br />
onlara en büyük darbedir'.' diyecek : dünne olaylarma, çocuklarm ve ka- igeler<strong>de</strong>n farkh davranamazlardl.<br />
PKK Merkez Komite üyesi Seh- ve bir daha da konu$mak lstemeye- : dmlarm katledilmesine kar~'1çlktl": Ben bunlarlll durumunu görünce<br />
mus kod adb Sahismail AI, birlik- cekri... i gl için göz<strong>de</strong>n dÜ$efl ve 1987 Ylbn-: üZi.Ilüyor, flrsat buldukça onlan<br />
te kaçtlgl Zeynep kod adll Besey Jt- Salah kod adml kullanan bir di- : da kaçarak Irak Kürt partilerine Sl-: biraraya g<strong>et</strong>irmeye çahSlyordum.<br />
meç'le önce Kürt partilerine slgm- ger PKK'lt ise Irak 'm, Behdinan : gman Hacl Abdülkerim Semavi,' Tabii bu da\'rafll~lIn hoS k~rslla~maya<br />
çalt$ml$ ancak Kürt parti/eri bölgesin<strong>de</strong>ki köylere çok saYlda . Nokta muhabirinin sorular/nt ya-: mlyor. oponünizm olarak flItelefllkabul<br />
<strong>et</strong>meyince çareyi Jran istih- PKK '{mm aileleri ile birlikte slgm- . nttladl. ! yordu. Süreç içerisin<strong>de</strong> birçok seyi<br />
baratma slgmmakta bulmu$tu. dlglnt, bir klSlm PKK'lmm ise sos- : : tasvip <strong>et</strong>memeye baslamlSlIm. Ama<br />
Tuncelili oldugunu söyleyen Sahis- yalist parti<strong>de</strong>n aYr/lan Kadir Aziz '- i Nokta: Üç aydlr Irak Kürt par-! hiçbir seyi açlk açlk dile g<strong>et</strong>irmemail<br />
AI, kaçl$1konusunda $unlan in yanmda oldugunu söyleyerek, : tilerinin yamnda ya~lyorsunuz'l' dim. Bu durum onlarIn göanlatlyordu.<br />
"Parti<strong>de</strong> i<strong>de</strong>olojik ay- $öy{ediyordu: "Kaçmak zorunda- i PKK'dan ne<strong>de</strong>n kaçlIgInlzl anlatlr zün<strong>de</strong>n kaçmlyordu. Bu ne<strong>de</strong>nle<br />
r/llklar/mlZ vardl. BaZI ~?runlarm yml. Ç~nkü !'~p~/an~ar~d~yanmak : mISInIZ~ .' .' I tam ü~ .kez äzelestiri v~r~im, ~u<br />
çözülmesi inanclyla bugune kadar mumkun <strong>de</strong>glldl. Turklye <strong>de</strong> kam-, Semavl: Sllahl~nn gölgesmd.e ya- , özeleSl1nler<strong>de</strong> hep kendlmlze kufbekledim.<br />
Ancak süreç içerisin<strong>de</strong> plmlZ olmadlgl için bütün yükümü- pilan 86 kongresm<strong>de</strong>n soma birçok rediyorduk. Okuldan Kemalizm'i,<br />
onlarm $üphelerini çektim. Bu a$a- zü slrlml/zda ta$lyor~uk. 25-50 ki- isey daha n~t bir biçim<strong>de</strong> açlga çlk- ailemiz<strong>de</strong>n kyçük burjuva has.tah:<br />
madan sonra on/arm arasmda kal- Inluk -"uk. Kolay <strong>de</strong>~11ta$lmak. Sa- ! tl. Ondan once <strong>de</strong> rahatslzhklanm I 'gml, çevremlz<strong>de</strong>n Ise oportufllzml<br />
mam gi<strong>de</strong>rek zorla$lyordu. Aynca atlerce yürüyoruz: Böyle bir yürü-I \'ardl benim. 1984 yJlmda Ulu<strong>de</strong>re'- Ialdlglmlzl söyleyerek özelestiri yaparti<br />
içerisin<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>mokrasinin olma- ü$te bir pe$merge yoruldugu için <strong>de</strong> çocuk ve kadmlann öldürülme- Plyorduk. Aym sey herkes için ge-<br />
Y'$', ele$tiri-özele$tirinin olmaYI$1 özümüzün önün<strong>de</strong> kur$una dizil- si üzerine Apo'ya çlkmlS, bu eyle- çerliydi. Apo'nun kartSl Kesire bib.<br />
'b I k kt min yanhs oldugunu, halktan tep- le üç kez özelestiri verdi. Apo'nun<br />
IZI u ayn I no asma .. I .. 0 did . 'b' d d
.. DEVAH<br />
NokIa: Bu durumu kendi aramlda<br />
konu~muyor muydu~uz?<br />
Sema\'i: Kim konu$acak. zaten<br />
herkcs birbirin<strong>de</strong>n korkuyor.<br />
NokIa: Peki parli kendi ü~'esi<br />
birçok insam ne<strong>de</strong>n öldürtsün, ne<strong>de</strong>n<br />
bö\'le bir ~eye ba~vursun?<br />
Sem~vi: Parti ayakta kah$lm surekli<br />
disiplin \oe korkuyla sa~hyor,<br />
KeSlfe- ~Imdl tutu/(/u<br />
özellikle yeni geienIer, olanlardan<br />
haberli <strong>de</strong>gillerdir. Aksi takdir<strong>de</strong><br />
bir kaç ki~i dl~lI1da kimseyi bulamazsmlz<br />
0 parti<strong>de</strong>. Ben <strong>de</strong> birçok<br />
ölüm ve i~kence olayma tamk al.<br />
dum. Bir insan göz<strong>de</strong>n dü~tü mil.<br />
artlk ölilmu yakm <strong>de</strong>mektir. Bir<br />
gün pe~mergeler<strong>de</strong>n biri hata y~pml~t\.<br />
Onun cezasml vermek lçl.n,<br />
gözü kör bir arkada$l görevlendlr.<br />
diler. 0 da rasgele vurarak, çocugu<br />
öldürdü. Sonra da hayr<strong>et</strong>le<br />
"Aaa, öldü" <strong>de</strong>di. tnsan ya~aml<br />
böylesine önemsizdi ...<br />
Nokta: Bunlan yapanlar kim?<br />
Kendi arkad~larma böyle bir ~eyi<br />
nasll yaplyor.1ar?<br />
Semavi: Adam ml yak? Bu i$ler<br />
için birçok kasap var. Zaten kim öl.<br />
dürürüm, keserim diyorsa 0 yuka-<br />
Tlyükseliyor. Cemil BaYlk, Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Kesip tam bu i~lerin adamlan. Bu<br />
ikisi bir bölgeye geldiklerin<strong>de</strong> herkes<br />
korkudan titremeye b3.$hyordu.<br />
"Acaba hangimizi götUrecekler?"<br />
diye ... Mutlaka birilerini götürür-<br />
1er ve kimse bir $ey diyemezdi.<br />
Nokta: Bunlar yapdtrken siz <strong>de</strong><br />
onlarla birllkteydiniz. Suçluluk du-<br />
~'uyor musunuz?<br />
Semav'i: Duymaz olur muyuz?<br />
Hepimizin bu olanlarda suçu var.<br />
Ama artlk i$ i~ten geçmi$. Su anda<br />
bile bu olanlan tasvip <strong>et</strong>meyen çok<br />
saYlda insan var. Ama kaçamlyorlar.<br />
Su and a ko~kmasa":l'. güvencern<br />
olsa harekeu çökerunm. Çogumuz<br />
ne yapacaglmlZl bilmiyoruz.<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong>e <strong>de</strong> leslim olmak istemiyoruz.<br />
~okla: !;lu aoda kaçml~ olanlann<br />
sa\'lSI nedir, biliyor musunuz?<br />
~e~avi: Ben üç aydlr kaça~ ya-<br />
~lyorum. Irak Kürt partilennm yanmda<br />
17-18 ki~i oldugunu biliyorum.<br />
Ama partilerin kabul <strong>et</strong>medikleri<br />
daha çoktur. Onlar da kendilerini<br />
tamyan köylülere slgmml~lar.<br />
NokIa: Suriye'nin PKK'YI kullandlgl,<br />
koz olarak tuttugu söyleoi~'or.<br />
Siz ne dü~ünüyorsunuz bu<br />
konuda?<br />
Semavi: Vallahi kimin eline flrsat<br />
geçse kullanmaya çah$IYor.<br />
Bence önemli olan yaptlklandlr.<br />
PKK'mn 80 öncesi yaptlklaTl da ortadadlr.<br />
0 zaman da Suriye mi<br />
vardl?<br />
Nokta: Cç a~'dlr kaçak y~adlglnazI<br />
söylüyorsunuz. Öldüriilmekten<br />
korkuyor musunuz?<br />
Semavi: Korkmak ne kelime, çlldlracaglm<br />
nere<strong>de</strong>yse... 11k bir ay<br />
inanm uyuyamadlm. Gölgem<strong>de</strong>n<br />
bile korkuyordum. Her ses duyu-<br />
$umda her klplrtl da "t~te geldiler"<br />
diye korkudan titriyordum. Ashnda<br />
ölmekten falan korktugum yok,<br />
ama yine <strong>de</strong> korkuyorum i$te ...<br />
Çok ~ey var anlatllacak, ama kafam<br />
hiç rahat <strong>de</strong>gil. Konu$urken bile<br />
birçok $eyi unutuyorum. Bir örgUt<br />
<strong>de</strong>steklese beni gi<strong>de</strong>r birçok insam<br />
kurtarmm. Ama yok böyle bir<br />
örgUt.<br />
Nokta: Geriye dönüp baktlglnazda<br />
partinin durumunu nasd <strong>de</strong>gerlendiriyorsunuz?<br />
Semavi: Ben parti <strong>de</strong>miyorum.<br />
En kötü parti<strong>de</strong> bile, kendi ölçUleri<br />
için<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>mokratik bir i$leyi$ olur.<br />
Ama bu parti<strong>de</strong> hiçbir $ey yok. Bu<br />
parti olsa olsa Mafya türü bir örgüt<br />
olur. Çünkü kim ne zaman y<strong>et</strong>kilidir,<br />
kim ne zaman görev<strong>de</strong>n ahmr<br />
bilinmez. Her ~eyi Apo bilir, 0<br />
okuldan <strong>et</strong>kilenmemi$tir, 0 ailesin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
<strong>et</strong>kilenmemi$tir, 0 çevresin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
<strong>et</strong>kilenmemi$, çelik disiplinli bir<br />
proleIerdir (!)<br />
Nokta: Bu kadar insamn kaçmasmdan<br />
sonra PKK içiD çökü~ sürecini<br />
ya$lyor diyebilir miyiz?<br />
Sema\i: Ev<strong>et</strong>, bir anJamda çöküyor<br />
diyebilirim. Ancak $U da var;<br />
Apo'nun bu i$ten vazgeçmesi<br />
mümkün <strong>de</strong>gil. Ülke<strong>de</strong>n kadro bulmasl<br />
gi<strong>de</strong>rek zorl3.$lyor. Son bir ylldir<br />
Kars ve Agn'dan büyük kadro<br />
gelmi$ti. Simdi oralardan da gelmiyor.<br />
Tek kaynak Avrupa'daki<br />
Kürtler aruk. Bir <strong>de</strong> küçük çocuklar<br />
var, 10-12 ya$mda. Özel olarak<br />
Lübnan'da egitiliyorlar. Bunlar ge.<br />
li~meleri bilmedigi için bu i~ bir<br />
müdd<strong>et</strong> daha <strong>de</strong>vam e<strong>de</strong>r.<br />
MAHMUT ÖVÜR'ÜN iRAN GÜNCESi<br />
"Kursuna<br />
#<br />
10 EYLÜLGürbulak gümrük kaplsmdan<br />
tran tarafma geçiyor ve<br />
Urumiye'ye dogru yola çlklyorum.<br />
11 EYLÜL Urumiye beni $a~lrtlvor.<br />
Stmr ~ehri olmasma kar$m, sa-<br />
~'a~m izinc rastlayamlyorum. Herkes<br />
i~in<strong>de</strong> gücün<strong>de</strong>, cad<strong>de</strong>ler insan-<br />
Ia dolu, ..<br />
12 EYLÜL Kahvaltldan herrien<br />
sonra Kürdistan Demokratik Halk<br />
Parti si Sckr<strong>et</strong>eri Sami Abdurrah-<br />
29.11.1987<br />
dizecekler beni!..Il<br />
15 EYLÜL Irak Kürdistam'na hyorum. Üç1incü gün onlan bir evdogru<br />
yola çlklyoruz. Smm geçtik- <strong>de</strong> buIuyorum. Ancak araya bu kez<br />
ten soma yeni aç1lan yolu izliyoruz. Iran istihbaratl da giriyor. Fazla<br />
Yol bitiyor. yürümeye ba~hyoruz, konu~amlyorum. Ve bu iki ki$i zo-<br />
Önce IKDP'nin kampma ugruyo. runlu olarak iran istihbarauna Slruz.<br />
Kamp çok kalabahk. Pe$mer- glmyor!ar.<br />
geler aileleri ile birlikte ya$lyorlar. ..<br />
Bu kampm yamba$mda da pastar- 25 EYLUL Ak$ama dogru otele<br />
lann Humeyni'nin askcrleri kampI, 1 döndügüm<strong>de</strong>. odamm Ko~ite tara-<br />
. . t 8 ani ve Celai Talaban var. .. !fmdan basll?l~ml ögrem~o~um.<br />
Nokta muhabln basta Mesu arz Yanm saat soma yem blr kam-: Bütün filmlenml ve kas<strong>et</strong>lenml ahp<br />
olmak üzere kimi Kürt Ii<strong>de</strong>rleriyle ve ~KK'.~a~. , pa, Halk Partisi'nin kampma geli-lgitmi$ler. Ertesi gün filmlerimi geaynlanlarla<br />
görüsmek amaClyl
DEVl\M<br />
5 EKiM tstihbarat'tan AgaYI Taki<br />
beni ararm~. Ögle<strong>de</strong>n soma Halk<br />
Partisi'nin bürosunda bulu~uyoruz.<br />
Bir saat yine sorgulamyorum. Filmlerimi<br />
geri veriyor. Veriyor ama<br />
hepsi <strong>de</strong> yak1lml~ ... AgaYI Taki, 48<br />
saat içerisin<strong>de</strong> ülkeyi terk <strong>et</strong>mem<br />
gerektigini söyleyerek ~öyle diyor:<br />
"~imdi pasaportunu bize vereceksin,<br />
yann saat g'<strong>de</strong> pasaportun elin<strong>de</strong><br />
olaeak ve 0 saatten itibaren 48<br />
saat için<strong>de</strong> ülkeyi terk e<strong>de</strong>ceksin.<br />
ken sorgucunun sesini duyuyorum:<br />
"Saklll ha ... bir ~ey yapmaya<br />
kalkma" diye uyanyor beni .<br />
Bulundugumuz yeri terk edince<br />
gözlerimi açlyoriar. Urumiye'nin<br />
"Merkez" <strong>de</strong>nilen meydanma gidiyoruz.<br />
0 gün Amerika Btiytikelçiligi'nin<br />
üniversiteli ögrenciler tarafmdan<br />
iSgal edilisinin YI) dönümü<br />
kutIamyor. Yalllmda istihbarattan<br />
iki kisi var. Uwn uzun tran'! anlaatlyor.<br />
Buna bir anlam veremiyorum<br />
"Neier oluyor, ne yaplyorsunuz?"<br />
diye soruyorum. Gestapo<br />
surath "Ü~ürsün" diyor. HaYlr <strong>de</strong>meye<br />
kalmadan üçü birlikte beni<br />
parkaya sararak hlzla kar~1 binaya<br />
geçiriyorlar. 0 klsa süre<strong>de</strong>, dl~aflda<br />
beni bekleyenlerin duymasl için<br />
bagmyorum, ama sonuç <strong>de</strong>gismiyor.<br />
ArtIk <strong>de</strong>mir parmakhkh nezar<strong>et</strong>hanenin<br />
için<strong>de</strong>yim. Üzerim<strong>de</strong>ki her<br />
~eyi, kerner dahil ahyorlar. Ve <strong>de</strong>-<br />
7 EKiM Artlk pasaportsuzum. mir kapIYI üzerime kilitleyerek hlzla<br />
~ehrin için<strong>de</strong> fazla dola~mamaya uzakla~lyorlar. Yapayalmz kahyoçah~lyorum.<br />
Arama kahveci Eli: rum. Pasaportunu verecegiz diye<br />
Amca'mn semaver çaYlm içmeye, çaglrmlslar ve hiçbir ~ey söylemearaslra<br />
da istanbul'a telefon <strong>et</strong>me- <strong>de</strong>n tutuklaml~lardl beni. Akhm alye<br />
çlklyorum. mlyordu bunu. Üstelik bugün 29<br />
Ekim Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong> bayraml, ak~a-<br />
10 EKiM Pasaportu alamadlglm ma konsoloslukta kutlama var. Büiçin<br />
konsolosluga basvurmak zo- tün <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> erkâm orada olacak. Bu<br />
runda kahyorum. Pasaportumun ne<strong>de</strong>nle "beni ahkoyamazlar" dine<strong>de</strong>n<br />
ahndlgml, neler yaptIglml kl- yorum, ama "ya ahkoyarlarsa!"<br />
saca anlatlyorum. Ak~am yemegi- Ku~una diziliyorum. DI~andan<br />
ne kalmaml söylüyorlar. gelen gürültüyle, kar~lmda yatak-<br />
Yukan, yemek salonuna Çlk1yO- lanna uzanan, sohb<strong>et</strong> e<strong>de</strong>n askerruz.<br />
Yemek masaSI çok güzel hazlr- 1er kur~un gibi flrlaYlp silahlanna<br />
lanml~, soguk mezeier, Izgara kM- yöneliyorlar. Silahlm kapan dlsan<br />
te ve iran'da olabilecegi dü~ünüle- çlklYOr. Askerler dl~ kapmm önümeyecek<br />
bir ~ey: Asian sütü ... Ma- ne tek ma dizilmi~ler. Demir parsaya<br />
oturuyoruz. Teypten Ruhi: makhklann arasmdan onlan izliyo-<br />
Su'nun 0 gür sesi yükseliyor. SaSI~' rum. Askerler elleri t<strong>et</strong>ikte beklinyorum.<br />
"istersen Zülfü'<strong>de</strong> var" yorlar. Ve tamdlk gestapo surath<br />
diyorlar. Akhmdan "uygar. astsubay, dört askerle birlikte buca"<br />
sorguya çekilecegim geçiyor. lundugum nezar<strong>et</strong>haneye dogru ko-<br />
Masamn tek konusu Kürt sorunu: ~arak yakla~IYor. .. Akhm ve duy-<br />
Ka<strong>de</strong>hler kalktIkça, farkh suçlama- gulanm karmakan~lk. Neye ugralarla<br />
kar~rla~lyorum. Müthi~ huzur- dlglml ~a~myorum. Bütün ya~asuz<br />
oluyorum. Gaz<strong>et</strong>eei olarak ha- mim bir film ~eridi gibi gözlerimin<br />
ber pesin<strong>de</strong> oldugumu söylüyorum, önün<strong>de</strong>n geçiyor. Gözlerim baglaama<br />
aldlglm cevap daha çok ~a~lr- myor. ArtIk 4 kisinin arasmdaYlm.<br />
tlyor beni. "Ev<strong>et</strong>" diye söze giriyor "Tamam" diyorum, "kursuna dimasadan<br />
biri, "Ne geliyorsa mem- zeeekler beni!"<br />
lek<strong>et</strong>in ba~llla bu entelektüeIler yü_ Askerlerin önün<strong>de</strong>n ko~arcasllla<br />
zün<strong>de</strong>n geliyor. .. " geçiyoruz. Kur~una dizilmeyi atla-<br />
Tartl~maya fazla katllmak iste- tmea, biraz olsun rahathyorum,<br />
miyorum. Ama biri blraklp digeri ama ko~usturma <strong>de</strong>vam ediyor.<br />
ba~hyor: "Bu <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> onlara ne yap~ YaklaSlk 100 m<strong>et</strong>re soma hangar<br />
maml~tlr ki, okul yapmlS, yol yap- gibi bir yere girdigimizi anhyorum.<br />
h le<br />
. A d l "Ev<strong>et</strong>" diyorum, '''Burasl daha uvml~,<br />
er ~ey n var. ma a am ar<br />
aptal kar<strong>de</strong>~im. Okumuyorlar, bir gun, adamlar <strong>de</strong>li <strong>de</strong>gil ya, sehrin<br />
<strong>de</strong> kalklp ben Kürdüm diyor, Kürt- göbegin<strong>de</strong> beni kur~una dizsinler.<br />
çe konusacaglm diyor. Ben ana di- ~imdi burada sessiz sedaslz bu iSi<br />
lim Kürtçe diyen adamlll anasl- halle<strong>de</strong>cekler." Demir bir platfornl.<br />
.. " ma çlkartIp, kolumu blrak1yorlar.<br />
Arkama geçip ellerimi ~aglayaca k<br />
29 EKiM Sabahlll erken saatle- ve kur~una dizecckler. Olümle yari<br />
... iranh y<strong>et</strong>kililer gelip pasapor- samlll birbirine en yakll1 oldugu am<br />
tumu alabileeegimi, bildiriyorlar. ya~lyorum. Oglum, e~im ve annem<br />
Türk Konsoloslugu'nun iranh ter- geliyor akhma ... Ve bir ömrü bir<br />
cümam Behruz, Konsolosluk Sorö- dakikaya slgdmyorum. Fakat bir<br />
rü Cihat ve ben, hemen arabaya at- dakikanll1 sonunda yine hlZh bir bilayarak<br />
Urumiye Jandarma Hudut çim<strong>de</strong> oraYl terk ediyoruz. Bu süre<br />
Komutanhgl'na gidiyoruz. Nihay<strong>et</strong> içerisin<strong>de</strong> kimi zaman baglrarak,<br />
Türkiye'ye döneeegim diye sevinç- kimi zaman sessizee "Neier olduliyim.<br />
Aym gün Devl<strong>et</strong> Bakam Kâ- gunu, ne yapmak istediklerini" sozirn<br />
Oksay pasaporturn için girisim- ruyorum, ama hiçbiri cevap vermi<strong>de</strong><br />
bulunuyor ve olumlu yamt ah- yor.<br />
yordu. Yazlk ki, yamt dogru çlk- Askeri bir eipe bindiriliyorum,<br />
mll:yacaktl... gözlerirn hâlâ bagh. Biri sürekli<br />
. O.lüm )'olculu~u ba~hyor. Kimli- boynumdan bastlrarak, gözlerim<br />
glml kaplda blraklp, içeri giriyo- bagh oldugu hal<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>rafl görmemi<br />
rum. tri' yarl gestapo suratll bl'r astengelliyor<br />
yahut görünmemi istemisubay<br />
beni kar~rllYor. Küçük bir yor. Çok geçme<strong>de</strong>n bir yere teslim<br />
o~adél beklememi söyIüyor. Be~ da- ediliyorum.<br />
klka soma, yanlllda iki askerle bir- Biri koluma girerek daha aydllllikte<br />
geri dönüyor. Etrafa bir göz hk bir yere götürüyor, orada artlk<br />
attIktan soma asklhkta asrll parka- dl' .<br />
lardan birini alarak benim mtIma ayanamlyor, göz enml açlyorum.<br />
64 Beni götüren baglrarak üzerime<br />
çullamyor. Adamlll yüzünü görüyorum.<br />
"Bir daha yaparsan kötü<br />
olur" diye tehdit ediyor beni. Ak-<br />
~ama kadar bir kum torbasmIn üzerin<strong>de</strong><br />
oturtuyorlar. Soma biri gelip<br />
yine koluma girerek, tam Il gün<br />
geçirecegim hücreye atIyor.<br />
Hücrenin <strong>de</strong>mir kapisi yüzüme<br />
kapandlktan bir dakika soma gözlerim<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
bagl açabiliyorum, Ölmedigime<br />
inanamlyorum. Hücre<strong>de</strong> bile<br />
olsa 1~lglgörmek, küçücük peneere<strong>de</strong>n<br />
gökyüzüne bakmak umut<br />
veriyor bana ...<br />
Slfahyor. Ne<strong>de</strong>n geldigimi, neler<br />
yaptlglml ve kimlerie görü~tügümü<br />
kIsaca anlatlyorum. Sorgucu ikna<br />
olmuyor, kurulmu~ saat gibi dönüp<br />
dönüp aYlll sorulan yeni<strong>de</strong>n soruyor.<br />
ilk sorgu bir saat sürüyor. Ögle<strong>de</strong>n<br />
soma yine sorguya çlkanhyorum.<br />
Artlk her gün iki kez periyodik<br />
olarak sorguya çlkanhyorum.<br />
Sonra tekrar hücreye ...<br />
tlyorlar bana. Meydan gi<strong>de</strong>rek do.<br />
luyor. "Merg berg Amerika" slogam<br />
slk slk atIhyor. ABD bayragl<br />
ve Reagan'm kuklasl yakrlmca kitleier<br />
çrlglllla~!yor. 600 bin nüfuslu<br />
bir ~ehir için toplanan kalabahk<br />
çok az. Bugün kokakola ve bol bol<br />
sigara içiyorum. Üç saat soma geri<br />
dönüyoruz. "Niye götürdünüz?"<br />
diye soruyorum. Yamt: "Slkllmayasm<br />
diye." Yeni<strong>de</strong>n hücreye dönüyorum,<br />
çok moralim bozuluyor.<br />
Hele ak~am yeni<strong>de</strong>n i~kence tehdit-<br />
Ieri ile kar~rlaSlllca, günün hiçbir<br />
anlaml kalmlyor.<br />
30 EKiM ilk gün heyecan ve endi~e<br />
ile ne yapacaklanlll bekliyo- 9 KASIM Devrim Mahkemesi'ne<br />
rum. Kulaglm kaplda, en ufak bir çtktyorum. 11. günüm<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> aynen<br />
klplrtlYI bile can kulagl ile izliYQ- sorguya götürülür gibi ahlllyor,<br />
rum. Ayak sesleri yakla~tlkça, kal- dogru Devrim Mahkemesi'ne çlkabim<br />
IllZlalllYor. Heyecanla gÖlürü- nhyorum. Klsa bir sorgulamadan<br />
lecegim ani bekliyorum. iki gün soma taruklann dinlenmesi için bir<br />
böyle geçiyor. Yemekleri yiyemiyo- gün somaya gün veriliyor. Özgürrum.<br />
Yallllz ekmek ve su ... ilk gün lüge dogru bir adlm atml~tlm, ama ~<br />
yanlmda JO sigaram var, 9 tanesi- henüz hiçbir ~ey kesin<br />
ni 0 gün bitiriyorum. Bir sigaram <strong>de</strong>gildi. Nasll bir yarkahyor.<br />
Tam 6 gün bu sigaraYl yak- gIlama olacagml, sertl:amlyùrum.<br />
7 gün sa~ahlan ve~- best blraklhp blraklladlklen<br />
blr parça peymr veya blr mayacaglml yine bilparça<br />
yag dl~lllda hiçbir ~ey yiyemi- miyordum. Bir gün<br />
yorum.<br />
sonra Halk Partisi'nin<br />
1 KASIM Hücre<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Urumiye sorumlusu<br />
ahlllp götürülüyorum<br />
ile birIikte yine mah-<br />
ve sorgu ba~hyor.<br />
keme<strong>de</strong>ydik. Slkllltlh<br />
Sorgucu, "Nasllslll Mahmut<br />
geçen iki saatten sonra<br />
kar<strong>de</strong>s" diye ba~hyor ve iran'a ne<strong>de</strong>n<br />
pasaportum elim-<br />
geldigimi, kimlerle görü~tügümü,<br />
<strong>de</strong>ydi... Ertesi gün<br />
neler yaptlglml birbiri ardma<br />
Türk Konsolosu<br />
Tay-<br />
3 KASIM Hücre<strong>de</strong> 5. günüm ve<br />
sorgucu yine karSImda. Bu kez<br />
farkh sorularla karSlla~lyor ve artlk<br />
"casusluk"la suçlamyorum: Ardmdan<br />
ceza ve i~kence tehditleri <strong>de</strong><br />
ba~ladl. Ve ben her geee yeni<strong>de</strong>n<br />
geriye dönecek, ya~adlklanml bir<br />
bir göz<strong>de</strong>n geçirecektim.<br />
4 KASIM Hücre<strong>de</strong>ki 7. günüm<strong>de</strong><br />
ilk kez havalandlrmaya çlklYorum.<br />
Gökyüzü ne kadar güzel. ..<br />
Çok sürmüyor ama, tekrar hücre.<br />
saat JO'a dogru, hücre<strong>de</strong>n Çlkanhyorum.<br />
Ben sorgu beklerken,<br />
farkh bir teklif1e kar~lla~lyorum.<br />
"DI~an çlklp gezdirecegiz seni" diyorlar.<br />
Bir sey <strong>de</strong>miyorum, ama yine<br />
<strong>de</strong> korkuyorum. Arabaya biner-<br />
Ian izmirii ile birlikte<br />
Türkiye'ye dogru yola<br />
çlklyor ve Sero Sllllr<br />
kaplsllldan geçerek<br />
Türkiye topraklanna<br />
ayak baslyordum. Artlk<br />
yeni<strong>de</strong>n ya~amaya.<br />
b~laml~tlm... .<br />
29.11.1987
•<br />
•<br />
ITHE WAL-L STREET JOURNAL<br />
Your J"ly 13 report on the <strong>de</strong>struction rested 300 children b<strong>et</strong>ween the ages of<br />
III KurdIsh \'Il!ages by the Iraqi govern. nine and 14 In the city of Sulaimaniya to .<br />
ment scratches onl\' the surface 01 an O!!I' force from them the whereabouts of Kur.<br />
cial policy that thrëatens the very essence dish fighters or the i<strong>de</strong>ntity of family<br />
of Kurdish sUf\1vaJ In Iraq. members who supported the Kurdish resis.<br />
INstruction and <strong>de</strong>portation are not new tance movement. Amnesty noted that the<br />
tactics. SineI' 1975. three'quarters 01 a mil. whereabouts of these children had been un.<br />
hon Kurds have bfoen chased from their known until January 1987, when the bodies<br />
homes: 300,000 became refugees In Iran af. of 29 children were r<strong>et</strong>urned to their faml'<br />
ter the BarzanI revolution: more than 500.' lies ",ith visible signs of torture by electriC<br />
000 were <strong>de</strong>ported from their mountains In shock, beatings. whippings and sexual<br />
the north of the country to the arid <strong>de</strong>serts abuse-some ...,th their eyes gouged out.<br />
in the south. The intent: to dilute the con. Those who did not succumb to the torture<br />
cent ration of 3.2 million indigenous Kurds, had been executP'd. Amnesty reports that<br />
to remove the Kurdish presence from the the total numtx>r of mlssmg children may<br />
oll.rich area of Kirkuk (on Kurdish landsJ, have nsen to 450 IAmnesty <strong>Bull<strong>et</strong>in</strong>s. Feb.<br />
to shrink Kurdish ancestral lands. B<strong>et</strong>ween ruary and March 19ti71. I<br />
January and ~ovember ]985. 55,000 Kurds On July 14. 1977. In a moving address to<br />
were victimized by forcible <strong>de</strong>portation. the l'n1ted :-;a:ions. Roger BaldWin of the<br />
Thus far in ]987, ]2.500 families have been Interna lion al League lor Human Rights.<br />
forced to evacuate their villages. saId. "I shall not reelle the tragic tale of:<br />
Amnesty International regularly reports dKeptlon. diSposseSSion. <strong>de</strong>portation. hu',<br />
the d<strong>et</strong>ention, torture, execution and disap- mlliatlon and forcM labor mfllcted on'<br />
pearances that have become the Kurdish some 300.000 Kurds ... In an apparent el.;<br />
way of life-and <strong>de</strong>ath-in Iraq. Accordmg fort to annIhilate the KurdIsh <strong>et</strong>hOiC group ~<br />
to Amnesty. b<strong>et</strong>ween August and October In Iraq .... " I<br />
]983. 8.000 Kurds 10 the Barzan area disap- That was a <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong> ago un<strong>de</strong>r the reo :<br />
peared. ResI<strong>de</strong>nts aged nine to!lS were ar. gime that sull holds the reIgns of power. I<br />
rested. and entIre families packed into mil. VERABUl'DI~ S.U:EDPOlll<br />
itary trucks and driven to southern <strong>de</strong>serts DirKtor. The Kurdish Program<br />
after being para<strong>de</strong>d as traitors In the Cultural SU!"\"I\'al Inc. i<br />
stre<strong>et</strong>s. Their fate rf'mains a mystery. New York<br />
~._n_Oc_t~be_r_l%_':.~~~_lra_q_i_a_ut~orilJesar_' 1<br />
The<br />
10.8- 87<br />
lraq's Destruction of the Kurds<br />
California<br />
COURIER<br />
Turkey Commits Genoci<strong>de</strong> Against<br />
Kurds<br />
By Jackie Abramian<br />
Ealier thi~ year. the Turki~h<br />
government began a strategic<br />
<strong>de</strong>portation of peasants from 700<br />
villages in the southeastern part<br />
with predominantly Kurdish<br />
population. The government called<br />
this an act of removing<br />
resi<strong>de</strong>nts from sensitive bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />
lines.<br />
In July of this year, the press<br />
reported that "Kurdish rebels" of<br />
the southeastern region had killed<br />
3 I innocent persons, including<br />
I I children. What the press.<br />
however. failed to explain was<br />
the roots of such an uprising by<br />
the Kurds.<br />
In response to the attacks.<br />
prime minister of Turkey Turgut<br />
Ozal stated in a press conference,<br />
that the end for the Kurdish rebels<br />
had come ... "They may be 100<br />
or 200 of them . . . we will g<strong>et</strong><br />
everyone ...<br />
Constituting one-fourth of<br />
Turkey's populaiton the 10<br />
million Kurdish minority In<br />
Turkeyare the fourth largest<br />
minority group in the Middle<br />
East. Occupying 30 percent of<br />
Turkey's territory, Kurds have<br />
been <strong>de</strong>nied their basic human<br />
rights since the 1924 Turkish<br />
government's mandate which<br />
outlawed the words "Kurds" and<br />
"Kurdistan." The Turkish<br />
government has <strong>de</strong>nied the Kurdish<br />
existence in the country.<br />
referring to the minority group as<br />
,. Mountain Turks ... The government<br />
has severely punished those<br />
citizens and foreigners who have<br />
dared to mention the Kurd~. A<br />
German tour gui<strong>de</strong>. Ralf Ramond<br />
Braun wa~ Imprisoned for men.<br />
lIüning the Kurds in one 01 hiS<br />
tours.<br />
B<strong>et</strong>ween 1925 and 1939, the<br />
Turkish government <strong>de</strong>ported and<br />
massacred 1.5 million Kurds.<br />
The government's view on the<br />
Kurdish problem, which they<br />
refer to as "the eastern problem"<br />
MON DA Y, OCTOBER 5, 1987<br />
Kurds of Iraq Are Fighting for Survival<br />
To the Fdltor:<br />
COJ.lr:lry to your Sept. 22 report on<br />
Iraq's Krowlng war. from within<br />
against Kurdish guerrillas, Iraq's<br />
handling of the Kurds Is anything but<br />
ambiguous. Since the Treaty of Lausanne<br />
In 1923, when the bor<strong>de</strong>rs of<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rn Iraq wert' erented, the Kurdish<br />
policy has b<strong>et</strong>'n lorclble asslmiln.<br />
lion and, failing Ihal, annihilation.<br />
With the treaty, Kurds were disenfranchised<br />
in their ancestral lands<br />
and robbed of the oil of Kirkuk, on<br />
which Iraq now survIves.<br />
Through the last 64 years, there<br />
have been Kurdish uprisings follow-<br />
Ing which a weakened government<br />
would negotiate. One such prompted<br />
the "granting" of Kurdish autonomy<br />
on March 10, 1970. The so-called autonomous<br />
region Is a fraud that<br />
shrank Kurdish lands away from bor<strong>de</strong>rs<br />
and oil, while forced res<strong>et</strong>tlement<br />
and wholesale <strong>de</strong>struction of<br />
villages continued unabated. Since<br />
1977, three.quarters 01 a million<br />
Kurds have been chased from their<br />
homes: 300,000 lied to Iran after the<br />
Barzani revolution; more than<br />
500,000 were driven to the southern<br />
<strong>de</strong>serts far Irom their mountain<br />
homes, 55,000 b<strong>et</strong>ween January and<br />
November of 1985 alone. Thus far In<br />
1987, more than 12,500 familles have<br />
heen forced out, villages razed, born.<br />
bar<strong>de</strong>d with chemical weapons. With<br />
each new oHicial maneuver, the<br />
Kurdish population is whittled away.<br />
You quote a Western diplomat saying<br />
thaI "a <strong>de</strong>mographic revolution"<br />
has taken place "un<strong>de</strong>r our noses in the<br />
past six months." There is no con<strong>de</strong>m'<br />
nalinn hv Ih~ R""I:IO< nr ,f,~ Wl'st of<br />
Iraq's <strong>de</strong>stroctlon 01 the Kurds. Your<br />
Aug. 25, 1979, account 01 Kurdish fight-<br />
Ing for autonomy In Iran makes clear<br />
why, when you reportthat a Carter Administration<br />
spokesman "left the impression<br />
with reporters that the Ad.<br />
ministration was more concerned<br />
about the survival of a strong central<br />
Government in Iran than ahout the<br />
Kurdish goal 01 political in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce."<br />
1I0w would this counlry's<br />
Foun<strong>de</strong>rs have viewed such a pol.<br />
icy? VERA BEAUDIN SAEEOPOUR<br />
Director, the Kurdish Program<br />
Cultural Survlvallnc.<br />
New York, Sept. 22, 1987<br />
can perhaps be best expressed in<br />
Ih.: words of the Turkish Mini~ter<br />
nI' Ju~tice who in 1930 <strong>de</strong>clared:<br />
"The Turk is the only lord in<br />
th.: country."<br />
On.: can not help but hear the<br />
e,hoö of th.: Nail Germany<br />
Uhermens,h polie:-. One can not<br />
h.:lp either to r.:call the 1915<br />
.\rmenian Massanes: followec<br />
h~ the 1925 Kurdish masseres: by<br />
Ih.: WWII Jev.. ish Holocaust: and<br />
Ihe 1978 Cambodian massacres.<br />
With 70.000 political prisoners<br />
an Turkey. il is helieved that
SUITE<br />
20.000 of them are Kurds.<br />
Turkey is thus un<strong>de</strong>r clear violation<br />
of U. N. Declaration of<br />
Human Rights and European<br />
Convention of Human Rights.<br />
"With the tolerance of just a<br />
few countries ... we will have<br />
no problem liquidating millions<br />
of Kurds." said former Turkish<br />
Minister of Foreign Affairs during<br />
a session of Council of<br />
• _ • __ .: a ;.'"... J I.<br />
Europe in 1983.<br />
.. Liquidating" seems to be a<br />
newly created word for the same<br />
acts the government committed in<br />
1915 against the Armenians and<br />
again in 1925 against the Kurds.<br />
While the world governments<br />
watch the systematic violations in<br />
progress in Turkey. European<br />
Clluntrie~ resent Turkey's entry to<br />
thc European Common Mark<strong>et</strong>,<br />
and U.S. continues its military<br />
aid to Turkey. Turkey is now the<br />
third largest recipient of U:S. aid.<br />
"We will certainly s<strong>et</strong>tle our<br />
account with the Kurds," Ozal<br />
said in a recent press conference,<br />
.. L<strong>et</strong> the world see il."<br />
..<br />
L'EST<br />
REP1JBLIQUE<br />
Ils sontdix-sept<br />
millions dispersés dans cinq états<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s, ces « Turcs montagnards »<br />
Pllblier un journal en langue <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> est, en Turquie,<br />
passible <strong>de</strong> quinze ans <strong>de</strong> prison. Un intellectuel<br />
démocrate comme Ismail Besik a payé <strong>de</strong> 13<br />
ans <strong>de</strong> cachot ses articles sur la cause <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>.<br />
n est vrai qu'il n'y a pas une, mais au moins <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
langues principales <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, le Kurmanci <strong>et</strong> le<br />
Zata. Ceci pour la seule Turquie qui, comme les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Syrie, a adopté l'alphab<strong>et</strong> latin alors<br />
que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s d'Iran <strong>et</strong> d'Irak écrivent en arabe<br />
<strong>et</strong> ceux d'URSS en cyrillique ...<br />
Les 17 millions Kur<strong>de</strong>s,<br />
en eff<strong>et</strong>, qui vivent souvent<br />
d'~levage sur un.territaire<br />
grand comme la<br />
France, sont dispersés<br />
dans ciuq états.<br />
Le grand Kurdistan c'est<br />
en fait l:n pays qui n'existe<br />
pas ...Le mois <strong>de</strong>rnier, c'est<br />
en Irak. que les maquisards<br />
séparatistes ont<br />
repris l~ guérilla. En Turquie,<br />
dails la partie orien- .<br />
tale <strong>et</strong>..élevée du pays, la<br />
révolte n'a jamais vraiment<br />
cessé <strong>de</strong>puis 1925...<br />
Pour le gouvernement<br />
central d'Ankara, il n'y a<br />
plu::; <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>puis 60<br />
ans mais seulement <strong>de</strong>s<br />
« Turcs montagnards ».<br />
« Ceux<br />
qui vont au-<strong>de</strong>vant<br />
<strong>de</strong> la mort»<br />
Dans la région <strong>de</strong><br />
Mardin <strong>de</strong> Batman <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
Van d'où viennent la<br />
moitié <strong>de</strong>s Turcs qui<br />
<strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt l'asile en<br />
France, la 'vie quotidienne<br />
c'est celle <strong>de</strong>s «Peshmerga»<br />
autrement dit<br />
«ceux qui vont au <strong>de</strong>vant<br />
<strong>de</strong> la mort, dans les<br />
maquis.<br />
Réfugié dans l'Est <strong>de</strong> la<br />
France, Muzaffer a été <strong>de</strong><br />
ces maquisards du Parti<br />
<strong>de</strong>s travailleurs <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, le<br />
PKK qui entraine ses terroristes<br />
en Syrie aux côtés<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Arméniens <strong>de</strong> l'A-<br />
SALA.<br />
« On conl1aitle génoci<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s Arméniens <strong>de</strong> 1915 qui<br />
n'ajamais été reconnu par<br />
la Turquie, on sait moins<br />
en Europe, expliquent les<br />
exilés <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s, le génoci<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> J'entre<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux-guerres,. Ce million<br />
<strong>de</strong> morts compte encore <strong>de</strong><br />
nos jours pour ces Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
<strong>de</strong> Turquie qui aspirent à<br />
l'autonomie avec leurs<br />
frères séparés par <strong>de</strong>s<br />
frontières artificielles <strong>et</strong><br />
vivant dans le climat <strong>de</strong><br />
guerre que l'on sait en<br />
Iran <strong>et</strong> Irak.<br />
Amnistie politique<br />
<strong>et</strong> partis interdits<br />
De violer.ces en<br />
attentats, un coup ù'Zlal .:.<br />
amené les militaires turcs<br />
au pouvoir en 1980 <strong>et</strong> les<br />
dirigeants civils d'aujourd'hui<br />
organisent <strong>de</strong>s ~lections<br />
générales anticipées<br />
pour le tout proche 29<br />
novembre. ;-"n sans avoir<br />
.quelque peu I.?É-: alisé ce<br />
que Hakki <strong>et</strong> Tuncay<br />
appellent un fi régime fasciste,.<br />
Un référendum en<br />
'eff<strong>et</strong> vient <strong>de</strong> déci<strong>de</strong>r, <strong>de</strong><br />
justesse, l'amnistie politique<br />
<strong>de</strong> 241 dirigeants d'avant<br />
1980 parmi lesquels<br />
les <strong>de</strong>ux <strong>de</strong>rniers premiers<br />
ministres civils.<br />
Mais les anciens partis<br />
d'avant le coup d'Etat restent<br />
interdits.<br />
Militants <strong>de</strong> gauche<br />
turcs comme Salih <strong>et</strong><br />
nationalistes Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
comme Muzaffer ils prennent<br />
donc souvent le<br />
chemin <strong>de</strong> l'asile, se<br />
r<strong>et</strong>rouvant dans les pas<br />
précaires <strong>de</strong>s émigrés économiques<br />
(il y a 5,5 millions<br />
<strong>de</strong> chômeurs sur 25<br />
millions d'actifs).<br />
Certains <strong>de</strong>meurent<br />
musulmans mais non intégristes.<br />
Qu'ils soient Turcs<br />
ou Kur<strong>de</strong>s, ils aimeraient<br />
que les Français les prennent<br />
non pour <strong>de</strong>s Arabes<br />
(qu'ils ne sont pas), mais<br />
pour <strong>de</strong>s réfugiés.
•<br />
•
•<br />
•<br />
L'HUMANITE<br />
Visite à Diyarbakir, capitale du Kurdistan<br />
lA LOI DE L'OPPRESSION<br />
Dt IJO/rt <strong>et</strong>1fOYH<br />
spéd,lt.<br />
DIYARBAKIR, ville principale<br />
du Kurdistan (région que la loi<br />
turque interdit <strong>de</strong> nommer par<br />
.son nom), célèbre, disent les dépliants<br />
touristiques, par les hautes murailles qui<br />
l'entourent, <strong>et</strong> le Tigre qui la baigne... Il<br />
faudrait plutôt dire célébre par ses pri.<br />
sons dont l'une, la prison militaire, est<br />
réputée comme la plus terrible <strong>de</strong> Tur.<br />
quie dans J'art <strong>de</strong> briser les hommes. J'ai<br />
passé <strong>de</strong>ux jours à Diyarbakir avec la<br />
délégation parlementaire européenne ve.<br />
nue observer la « démocratie électoraleIl<br />
en Turquie. Nous n'avons pu visiter la<br />
prison ; il parait que cela ( n'était pas<br />
dans la mission <strong>de</strong> la délégation Il. Mais<br />
s'il est difficile d'en franchir les murs,<br />
rien n'est plus facile que d'en rencontrer<br />
les anciens hôtes. A se <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r si la<br />
moitié <strong>de</strong> la population mâle <strong>de</strong> la ville<br />
n'est pas passée P3l'là..,<br />
Tous ceux que j'ai pu voir en portent<br />
les marques dans leur chair: <strong>de</strong>nts cassées<br />
ou arrclchées,cicatrices <strong>de</strong>s brûlures<br />
à l'électricité ou <strong>de</strong>s coups, arca<strong>de</strong>s dé.<br />
chirées. Cela peut être, comme pour Ah.<br />
-<br />
m<strong>et</strong> Turk, <strong>de</strong>venu dimanche député<br />
social.démocrate populiste <strong>de</strong> Mardin,<br />
alors qu'il était sorti quelques jours plus<br />
tôt <strong>de</strong> prison, blanchi par la cour, à<br />
cause d'un simple soupçon <strong>de</strong> syn:pa.<br />
thie pour le PKK (Parti <strong>de</strong>s travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan, indépendantiste, partisan<br />
<strong>de</strong> la lutte amlée~ Pour un autre militant<br />
du même parti, dont je tairai le<br />
nom, car il ne bénéficie pas, lui, <strong>de</strong> l'immunité<br />
parlementaire, il s'agissait simplement<br />
d'avoir, en parlant <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, fait<br />
<strong>de</strong> la ( propagan<strong>de</strong> séparatiste », ce qui<br />
lui a valu quatre ans <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>mi dans la<br />
terrible geôle...<br />
Si l'oppression n'est pas toujours<br />
aussi brutale, elle est omniprésente dans<br />
celte région encore soumise à un régime<br />
d'exception « sous la coupe d'un super<br />
gouverneur" qui a tous les pouvoirs: il<br />
dispose <strong>de</strong> ia police, <strong>de</strong> la gendarmerie,<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'armée, peut décréter le couvre.feu<br />
ou recruter <strong>de</strong>s hommes <strong>de</strong> main<br />
chargés <strong>de</strong> quadriller les populations villageoises,les<br />
milices <strong>de</strong> villages,Ce gou.<br />
verneur assure, bonhomme: « J'ai beau.<br />
coup <strong>de</strong> pouvoirs mais je ne les utilise<br />
3.12.87<br />
pas.» Mais, dans _elle province la plus<br />
déshéritée du pays, où le revenu mO)'.:n<br />
ne dépasse pas cinq cents dollars par an,<br />
la revendication première est la lin <strong>de</strong> la<br />
repreSSIOn,<br />
A Bagivar, village rural <strong>de</strong> la plaine<br />
du Tigre, si InisérJble qu'il semble tout<br />
droit sarti du Moyen Age, avec ses maisons<br />
<strong>de</strong> pisé basses <strong>et</strong> les égouts qui<br />
coulent dans les ruelles d~ terre, les pay.<br />
SéiJJSqui nous offrent le thé sous une<br />
tl)nnelle n'en démor<strong>de</strong>nt pas: cc dont ils<br />
ont le plu, besoin, « c'est <strong>de</strong> démocra-<br />
Lie»,.. !:n cercle serré autour <strong>de</strong> nou,<br />
tout le village est là, jeunes <strong>et</strong> vieu;<br />
réunis. Mais il n'y a pas une seule<br />
femme. Et comme le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> la délégation<br />
européenne leur Jeman<strong>de</strong> ce<br />
que veut dire pour eux l'Eulllpe, la<br />
CEE, l'un <strong>de</strong> CèS paysan, <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s a celle<br />
phrase: « Quand toutes les libertés, tous<br />
les droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme seront respectés<br />
chez nous, nous ne serons pas seulement<br />
membres <strong>de</strong> la Communauté euro.<br />
péenne mais membres <strong>de</strong> la communaut~<br />
mondiale. »<br />
F. G.-R.<br />
~B ll~3 ':o{!!lf?<br />
SUMMARY OF WORLD BROAD(~ASTS<br />
-<br />
lranlaa reporta of Kurdish operations in<br />
Iraq (Excepts from lRGC Joint Staff Command<br />
c:omntUIIiq~) ... Following the merciless slaughter of 200<br />
rea.idcnts of (?Keymen) village near Kirkuk in Iraq and the<br />
driving llW"d'f of the villagers., PUK forces and the Muslim<br />
mujahidin supponing the Supreme Assembly of the Islamic<br />
Revoiution oi iraq (SAIRIj launched a <strong>de</strong>structive operation<br />
<strong>de</strong>ep insi<strong>de</strong> Iraqi territory three days ago ... The Iraqi Kurdish<br />
combatants, succee<strong>de</strong>d in attacking enemy forces stationed on<br />
the important and strategic (?Zinosti) heights induding<br />
heights 1600, 1769, 1895, 1920 and 2006 situated beyond the<br />
general region of Mawat in Sulaymaniyah prO\.;nce of Iraq,<br />
ambushed theh Ba'thist forces and, while <strong>de</strong>stroying their<br />
positions, killed or woun<strong>de</strong>d rnorc than 650 Iraqi<br />
mercenari.es ... They also <strong>de</strong>stroyed more than Il bases and<br />
!Wo HQs of the Iraqi forces, and inflicted heavy damage on the<br />
enemy ... [unspecified number of prisoners; forces r<strong>et</strong>urned to<br />
base) (Tûlran hom~ ~rvict J()4() gmt 30 Nav 87)<br />
(Exc~rpIS) According to reports from Ramadan HO, the centre'<br />
for irregular warfare of the IRGC groond forces of the Iraqi<br />
(Kurdish) Democratic Party ambushed forces of the Iraqi<br />
Ba'thist and Zionist forces on the road from Dahuk to<br />
Zubaydat in Dahuk province, yesterday, killing 40 of them and'<br />
capturing foor ...<br />
The report indicates that the forces of the Patriotic Union<br />
of Iraqi Kurdistan succee<strong>de</strong>d in <strong>de</strong>stroying the important and.<br />
stratCßÏc Bakhtureh bridge [phon<strong>et</strong>ic) situated on the road to.<br />
Hamilton [phon<strong>et</strong>ic] 20 km from Arbil in Iraq. The PUK'<br />
forces also downed an enemy Sukhoi ftghter plane yesterday.:<br />
The pilot was killed.<br />
The PUK forces ambushed Iraqi Ba'thist mercenaries in<br />
the town of (?Harir) in Arbil province and killed li number of<br />
them, Rahman 050 Mustafa [phon<strong>et</strong>ic), comman<strong>de</strong>r of one of<br />
the companies un<strong>de</strong>r the rommand of the 33rd Khafifah.<br />
Battalion, wu also captured. (TdufJ/t Iwm~ suvia J043 gmt,<br />
3ONov87)<br />
1
~J[~<br />
8.12.87<br />
Près <strong>de</strong> 3 millions d'Iraniens sont réfugiés en Turquie<br />
...<br />
•<br />
Istanbul, le refuge <strong>de</strong>s déserteurs <strong>de</strong> Khomeini<br />
Ils sont actuellement près <strong>de</strong><br />
trois millions à avoir quitté le<br />
pays <strong>de</strong> l'ayatollah Khomeini<br />
pour se réfugier en Turquie: la<br />
plupart d'entre eu~ sont <strong>de</strong>s<br />
jeunes qui veulent, à tout prix,<br />
échapper à la guerre. tine<br />
guerre qui a déjà fait un million<br />
dE' morts du côté <strong>de</strong> Téhéran <strong>et</strong><br />
qui compense le déséquilibre en<br />
armement avec l'Irak en envoyant<br />
<strong>de</strong>s enfants au front.<br />
O<br />
A quelques dizaines <strong>de</strong><br />
mètres, la place Taksim<br />
: le cœur « européen»<br />
d'Istanbul. Une effervescence<br />
toute orientale pendant la journée.<br />
Une foule grouillante sur<br />
les trottoirs <strong>et</strong>. les klaxons<br />
stri<strong>de</strong>nts <strong>de</strong> taxis jaunes <strong>et</strong> noirs<br />
qui ponctuent chaque secon<strong>de</strong><br />
qui passe. Ici, dans c<strong>et</strong>te église<br />
catholique, c'est le silence. A<br />
l'extérieur, le bruit <strong>et</strong> la fureur,<br />
dans l'église <strong>de</strong>s bruits feutrés,<br />
une ambiance recueillie <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
cierges prouvent la ferveur<br />
religieuse.<br />
Il y a d'ailleurs beaucoup<br />
d'ombres qui circulent en ce<br />
lieu : majoritairement <strong>de</strong>s jeunes<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s femmes. Des Iraniens,<br />
sans ressources, qui tentent<br />
d'obtenir <strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong>: financière<br />
certes, mais surtout morale.<br />
A certains moments,. ils<br />
sont tellement nombreux que la<br />
file d'attente débor<strong>de</strong> à l'extérieur<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'endroit sacré <strong>et</strong> se<br />
répand dans une <strong>de</strong>s artères les<br />
plus animées d'Istanbul. Mais<br />
c<strong>et</strong>te église n'est pas la seule à<br />
connaître l'afflux <strong>de</strong> réfugiés :<br />
tous les lieux <strong>de</strong> culte catholique<br />
du pays sont soumis à la même<br />
pressiqn humanitaire.<br />
Houchang (1) a quatorze ans,<br />
Il y a quelques semaines encore,<br />
il habitait une p<strong>et</strong>ite bourga<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Azerbaïdjan (province du<br />
nord <strong>de</strong> l'Iran dont la capitale<br />
est Tabriz). Ses parents sont<br />
paysans. Un beau jour, on lui<br />
apprend qu'il doit rejoindre le<br />
front .~'<strong>de</strong>' la .. guerre comme<br />
beaucoup <strong>de</strong> p<strong>et</strong>its camara<strong>de</strong>s<br />
d'école avant lui. La nouvelle<br />
connue, <strong>et</strong> confirmée par les<br />
autorités du village, sa famille<br />
rassemble 300 dollars en lui<br />
donnant l'ordre <strong>de</strong> filer.<br />
300 dollars c'est ridiculement<br />
peu pour tenter <strong>de</strong> refaire sa vie<br />
dans un environnement sur<br />
lequel on ne sait rien.<br />
C'est énorme pour une famille<br />
<strong>de</strong> paysans iraniens.'<br />
D'abord parce que ces miraculeux<br />
dollars, on ne peut pas,<br />
bien sûr, se les procurer officiellement<br />
à la banque. Dans<br />
l'attente <strong>de</strong> la terrible nouvelle,<br />
celle du départ à la guerre, le<br />
père du jeune Iranien s'est donc<br />
procuré, « au .noir », la somme<br />
nécessaire. Un dollar contre<br />
cent. un tommans, mille <strong>de</strong>ux<br />
cents rials contre un o<strong>et</strong>it bill<strong>et</strong><br />
vert. (Au co\' r officiel,<br />
10 rials = 15 F, « au noir »,<br />
1 500 rials = 1 F.)<br />
Houchang rassemble quelques<br />
affaires, les entasse dans<br />
. un sac <strong>de</strong> voyage <strong>et</strong> se m<strong>et</strong> en<br />
route. Sans papiers. Sans passeport.<br />
Sans rien. Les 300 dollars<br />
sont vite dépensés. D'abord<br />
les « passeurs », bien sûr. Ils<br />
l'ont immédiatement lour<strong>de</strong>ment<br />
rançonné. De nuit, ces<br />
passeurs le c6hduisent, à pied, à<br />
travers les montagnes jusqu'au<br />
Kurdistan turc.<br />
Arrivé quelque part àJ'est du<br />
lac <strong>de</strong> Van, il paie la police pour<br />
continuer son voyage ... vers les<br />
Etats-Unis. Eh oui! comme la<br />
plupart <strong>de</strong> ces jeunes Iraniens,<br />
l'Amérique du Nord, le Grand<br />
Satan pour Khomeini, représente<br />
l'Eldorado. De bus en<br />
cars, avec les quelques dollars<br />
qui lui restent, Hauchang arrive<br />
jusqu'à Istanbul.<br />
. Sur la rive asiatique du<br />
Bosphore, il reste quelques<br />
jours dans un camp d'accueil<br />
installé ici par le Haut-Commissariat<br />
aux réfugiés qui dépend<br />
<strong>de</strong>s Nations unies, <strong>et</strong> une<br />
semaine après il se dissout dans<br />
la ville. Sans un sou pour<br />
survivre. Sans argent <strong>et</strong> sans<br />
passeport, Houchang ne peut se<br />
rendre à l'hôtel. Des réfugiés<br />
comme lui, il y en a un million à<br />
Istanbul. Un million sur une<br />
ville <strong>de</strong> cinq millions d'habitants.<br />
Une personne sur cinq,<br />
croisée sur les trottoirs <strong>de</strong> la<br />
ville turque, est donc un réfugié<br />
iranien. La cohabitation, même<br />
si elle ne. revêt encore aucun<br />
caractère <strong>de</strong> gravité, co'mmence<br />
à poser <strong>de</strong>s problèmes entre les<br />
communautés<br />
Certes <strong>de</strong> nombreux Turcs y<br />
trouvent pour l'instant leur<br />
compte : ils sous-louent une<br />
pièce <strong>de</strong> leur appartement aux<br />
réfugiés les plus pauvres qui<br />
s'entassent alors à plusieurs<br />
dans quelques mètres carrés.<br />
Un apport qui leur perm<strong>et</strong>, à<br />
leur tour, <strong>de</strong> s'acquitter <strong>de</strong> leur<br />
loyel dans une situation économique<br />
difficile.<br />
D'autre part, tous ceux qui,<br />
extérieurs au problème, se<br />
dépensent pour les « clan<strong>de</strong>stins»<br />
iraniens témoignent tous<br />
du même phénomène : ceux qui<br />
ont I! moins d'argent ai<strong>de</strong>nt les<br />
autres, largement au-<strong>de</strong>là <strong>de</strong><br />
leurs véritables possibilités.<br />
Hauchang trouvera refuge auprès<br />
:,d'une famille plus chanceusé<br />
que lui. C'est courant<br />
dans. la communauté. Seuls les<br />
riches, <strong>et</strong> ils sont nombreux ici,<br />
fermfnt leurs portes. Mais aux<br />
dires <strong>de</strong>s observateurs, <strong>de</strong> très<br />
nombreux agents provocateurs<br />
<strong>de</strong> Khomeini s'infiltrent également<br />
dans le Oat <strong>de</strong>s fuyards<br />
pour monler les intégristes<br />
musulmans, nombreux <strong>et</strong> actifs<br />
en Turquie, contre le<br />
. « laxisme» du gouvernement.<br />
Et c'est vrai qu'à Ankara le<br />
gouvernement est plutôt bienveillant<br />
à l'égard <strong>de</strong> ceux qui<br />
franchissent clan<strong>de</strong>stinement la<br />
frontière entre les <strong>de</strong>ux pays.<br />
Rares sont les immigrants clan<strong>de</strong>stins<br />
qui ont été renvoyés en<br />
Iran. Les rumeurs les plus<br />
fantaisistes circulent d'ailleurs à<br />
ce suj<strong>et</strong>: on me fait savoir qu'à<br />
Neidi, une p<strong>et</strong>ite ville du sud <strong>de</strong><br />
la Turquie, vingt mille jeunes<br />
sont actuellement rassemblés.<br />
On menace <strong>de</strong> les .expulser. La<br />
rumeur est fausse, les réfugiés<br />
sont seulement <strong>de</strong>ux cents <strong>et</strong><br />
l'on a <strong>de</strong>mandé à cinquante<br />
d'entre eux <strong>de</strong> quitter les lieux.<br />
Rumeurs qui témoigne tout.<br />
<strong>de</strong> même <strong>de</strong> la tension qui<br />
commence à apparaître! Les<br />
candidats au départ se bousculent<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant les bureaux <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Nations ùnies à Ankara. Ils<br />
<strong>de</strong>vront attendre entre six mois<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux ans pour obtenir <strong>de</strong>s<br />
papiers leur perm<strong>et</strong>tant <strong>de</strong><br />
quitter la Turquie pour <strong>de</strong>s pays<br />
d'accueil : la France peut-être,'<br />
même si la cote <strong>de</strong> notre pays ne<br />
cesse <strong>de</strong> décroître dans l'échelle<br />
<strong>de</strong>s droits <strong>de</strong> l'homme ... !<br />
YVES LO/SEA V<br />
(I) Pseudonyme. collectif pour<br />
plusieurs jeunes Iraniens qui<br />
m'ont raconté pratiquement la<br />
même aventure.<br />
LE FIGAROrURQUlE.<br />
. CondamnatIOn<br />
8.12.87<br />
d'un gui<strong>de</strong> français<br />
l'=' La cour <strong>de</strong> sur<strong>et</strong>é <strong>de</strong> l'Etat<br />
turque a condamné hier un<br />
gui<strong>de</strong> français, jugé par contumace,<br />
il cinq années <strong>de</strong> prison.<br />
Michel CerarTlÎnot a été reconnu<br />
coupable <strong>de</strong> propager le point<br />
<strong>de</strong> vue séparatiste kUf.<strong>de</strong>auprés<br />
<strong>de</strong> vingt touristes français, l'été<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier. M. Ceraminot a quitté la<br />
Turquie, malgré une injonction<br />
<strong>de</strong> rester dans le pays...<br />
2
..<br />
• "L'HUMANITE 8.12.87<br />
MESSAGES DU MONDE<br />
PARTI UNIFIE DES COMMU-<br />
NISTES HAlTIENS<br />
Comme vous le savez, nOIre pays est<br />
gouverné par <strong>de</strong>s hommes sans parole.<br />
par <strong>de</strong>s hommes qui érigent l'assassinat.<br />
le banditisme tout court en système <strong>de</strong><br />
gouvernement.<br />
Les Américains qu~ aujourd'hui, clamenl<br />
leur indignation ont auparavant<br />
anné jusqu'aux <strong>de</strong>nts l'armée d'Haïti, financé<br />
le CNG <strong>et</strong> ses complices, Ce sont<br />
eux qu~ maintenant, trament l'assassinat<br />
<strong>de</strong> plusieurs lea<strong>de</strong>rs politiques haïtiens.<br />
dont celui <strong>de</strong> René Théodore, secrétaire<br />
général du PUCH <strong>et</strong> candidat à la prési<strong>de</strong>nce,<br />
Nous avons besoin <strong>de</strong> solidarité, <strong>de</strong> la<br />
vôtre. qui ne nous fera pas défaut. Au<br />
nom <strong>de</strong>s liens nistoriques <strong>et</strong> culturels<br />
qui unissent nos <strong>de</strong>ux peuples. au nom<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'amitié traditioMelle qui lie nos<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux partis, nous vous <strong>de</strong>mandons, aujourd'hui,<br />
<strong>de</strong> faire tout ce qui est à la<br />
mesure <strong>de</strong> vos forces pour nous ai<strong>de</strong>r à<br />
contrer les menaces <strong>de</strong> plus en plus précises<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'intervention étrangère en Haiti<br />
sous la baMière étoilée,<br />
Le Secrétaire du PUCH<br />
PARTI DEMOCRATIQUE DU<br />
KURDISTAN,IRAK<br />
Aujou:d'hui, l'existence.meme <strong>de</strong><br />
trois millions <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>mi <strong>de</strong> K"r<strong>de</strong>s en Irak<br />
est menacée par la guerre -œ génoci<strong>de</strong><br />
non déclarée.<br />
La dictature fasciste <strong>de</strong> Saddam Hussein<br />
a détruit trois mille villages <strong>et</strong> utilisé<br />
<strong>de</strong>s gaz chimiques au Kurdistan,<br />
contre les civils, <strong>et</strong> terrorisé la totalité du<br />
peuple irakien,<br />
Nous attendons <strong>de</strong> nos camara<strong>de</strong>s<br />
qu'ils éléventle niveau <strong>de</strong> leur soutien <strong>et</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> leur solidarité avec la lutte <strong>de</strong> libération<br />
du peuple <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>.<br />
PAITI COMMUNISTE<br />
IRLANDAIS<br />
Le Parti communiste irlandais est<br />
clair sur ses positioll:l, il veut une déclaration<br />
d'intention du gouvernement britaMique<br />
<strong>de</strong> se r<strong>et</strong>irer <strong>de</strong> toutes les affaires<br />
irlandaises el laisser le peuple<br />
irlandais du nord <strong>et</strong> du sud, déterminer<br />
son propre avenir,<br />
Nous l'oulons la fin <strong>de</strong> toutes formes<br />
<strong>de</strong> pression. Nous \'oulons mainternr <strong>et</strong><br />
renforcer le prin~ipe <strong>de</strong> neutralité pour<br />
toute l'Irlan<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> assurer notre indépendance,<br />
Nous <strong>de</strong>mandons également no.<br />
tre départ en tant que membre <strong>de</strong> la<br />
Communauté économique européenne,<br />
PAITI DU rRAVAIL DE COREE<br />
Le Comité central du Parti du tra\'ail <strong>de</strong><br />
Corée <strong>et</strong> tous les militants <strong>de</strong> notre parti<br />
tieMent à adresser leurs félicitations<br />
chaleureuses <strong>et</strong> salutations <strong>de</strong> cam:ua<strong>de</strong>.<br />
rie aux communistes <strong>et</strong> aux travailleurs<br />
français accueillant le 260 Congrès du<br />
Parti communiste,<br />
Le Parti commurnste français a combattu<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis longtemps avec les forees<br />
démocratiques pour le développement<br />
démocratique <strong>et</strong> le socialisme dans votre<br />
pays, tout en défendant les intér<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong> la<br />
classe ou\Tière <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s masses laborieuses,<br />
Convaincus que les bons rapports<br />
d'amitié <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> coopération entre nos<br />
<strong>de</strong>ux partis iront en se développant encore<br />
mieux, nous vous souhaitons cordialement<br />
<strong>de</strong> nouveaux sucds dans les<br />
travaux <strong>de</strong> votre congrès <strong>et</strong> les aaivités<br />
ultérieures <strong>de</strong> votre Parti.<br />
PARTI COMMUNISTE<br />
LIBANAIS<br />
Le Pel apprécie la solidarité aàive<br />
du PeF. Dans ce cadre, nous partao<br />
geons avec vous la conviction que la<br />
France pourrait jouer un rôle important<br />
pour contribuer à une sol ution démocra.<br />
ti'lue <strong>de</strong> la crise libanaise, sur la base du<br />
r<strong>et</strong>rdit inconditionnel <strong>de</strong>s forces d'occupation<br />
israélienne du Liban, <strong>de</strong> l'unité<br />
<strong>de</strong> notre pays <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> sa s('Iuverain<strong>et</strong>é, La<br />
l'rance peut égalemtnt rtlntribu~r à une<br />
solution juste <strong>de</strong> la mse du Proche-<br />
Orient dans le cadre d'une conférence<br />
internationale à laquelle dOIl'ent partici.<br />
per loutes les parties concernées. y com.<br />
pris 1'0 LP, unique rerrésentant légitime<br />
du peuple palestinien.<br />
TH~ MIDDLE EAST ~TheKurdish, connection<br />
IU-TI:Nî llNRrST IlllfllC\. Turkey Afrl~.;;l ~udl;Il"'" TllIl"lll.llh oIlld<br />
,llIJ Ir.llI h." a\!alll Jr,'\'oIl allL'1ll10n lllh,r, \\'h;il 1ll.1~" Ihl' "-Ultb '"<br />
t" th, KurJ"li l''ue Thl~ lalest '11Oll"\\I)[lh). lhl,ugh, " Ihl'II Ind ur<br />
JL'nlun,tr.1IIun 01 Kurd"h naliollal -Il.t,lOll.tI l'l'll'l'JUU'lll'''. IIlkrll.i1<br />
\ Iguur l' polit uf a 'trug~k tor natlon- urg.III/L.lIIUIl. poirollllllll.'I) I" 'I\\
(St)ITE)<br />
..<br />
spite being severely outnumbered hrad. Toward the end 01 hi~ life.<br />
and poorly armed, After y<strong>et</strong> another Uarlani ~aid that he felllil..e a Sm'id<br />
perfidy by Baghdad in 1975. the Jew, a prisoner offon:es that refused<br />
Kurds launched an all-out campaign him his very i<strong>de</strong>ntity. Ile died during<br />
to win automomy. Un<strong>de</strong>r the lead- one of the many exiles he suff!:red<br />
ership of the legendary Kurdish during his life, this time in Washinglea<strong>de</strong>r<br />
Mullah Mustafa Hanani, the ton, four years afler the signing of<br />
Kurds quite nearly brought the Ira- the: Iraqi-lranianl:Oncordat that had<br />
4is to their knees at the culmination b<strong>et</strong>raye:d his pt:ople. Many of his<br />
of a highly successful guerrilla war - supporters in his Washington years<br />
only to have the Shah sud<strong>de</strong>nly cui were Jews.<br />
off all aid tll Ihelll at thc 1II0st cruil:al Jcws, parlicularly Israelis and<br />
1II0lllent, III Ihe first two weeks of Kurds share ;"'Olllmon c:x""rience: a<br />
March PHS, as a rc~ult of a ""a,c ,.-<br />
,~ history 01 dogged eonunitment to<br />
aglC:cnlcnt signed h<strong>et</strong>ween 1'du:r.11l Iheir herilage and communal i<strong>de</strong>ntiallll<br />
8aghllad, illlpellding victory Iy, centuries 01 persecution and exwas<br />
slulcn from the !ralli KUlds ile. and thc unenviable llll~iti"n III'<br />
Iht.:1II11~ll'\du~I\I\I .. , :'.I/I.Alahl\l\.<br />
\\Iulc Ihl'll.lIl1.l" hla' '" I{nulllllll"<br />
h.ls dl:1II01lsll;Ilt.:dIls .!olllpath)' .11all<br />
nllll-ShïÎll'. 11011J>'.'I', ,III c1I'ments ill<br />
ib sllciely. Buth f\'I.!II;Jl',;III'Il11;llilariall<br />
;nlheir lIullllok ;1I1l/lIll/wlr vi!:\\'<br />
uf Ihe Middle ...."1. 'hl e:\ell'ise 01<br />
~cIhlell'ralliu ..lioli by suhlllcr~l'll<br />
nalion;llitil'~ .. bl' Ihl'" k",. Kurds.<br />
ur olhcr IIlIllUfll'l'~h,ilps . is ;ln;ltl1emil<br />
tu them. l'hc :'1\11.111'pl;IV a<br />
~illail;lr 1(.llnt.:. ,Ind t UI kl"\'. wluk<br />
toullII): iuo<strong>de</strong>rn dl'II"~";IlI~ 'Ollul'S<br />
Concurrently, Israel\ assistance Irying III ~uni\c III a 1\ Iddle Llsi SI(iNIFI('AN'11 ,\, l "lIl.lolll.., hl"<br />
to lilt: Kurdish national Iiher,llioll where ladK.II dllcs h;lw thc III' ne;uh the f.Il:;llk III 'h"llIo~cllous"<br />
Il'''\Clllent came to an abrul" .'1"'1' per h;lIId, i\,"k' 1"'111 lhl'Sl' 1I1"ll' TUlkcy, "'llIil;II\" 1.'111,llId "pall'<br />
ISH.AEI.I aid 10 the B,lI/alll.lnl exislclIll.11 sIIlIlI.IIUICS. Ill'l'lIl III, :\ra"" Iraq ,lIId S\II.1 "Ill' IS~lllIl'l..<br />
Kurllish rl'Slsl.1I11'Cwas al""vs<br />
due 10 pOlllll'.t1lcahtll,'~ l'OIilrolll;"! togelher. 'I hl'Il' IS the t.:1'1\'"1c ,.1 K'lIllhsh Il,11111llh,,.,d" :" 1.11as Ihl'<br />
bOlh pallies. Nllnelhcle~~, lht.: rclationship<br />
b<strong>et</strong>wt.:11Israel alld the Kur-<br />
Israt.:li .1\,i'I;III"l' III thl'<br />
lIational IlI11H'IIIl'n\. l'hnl'<br />
Kurdi,h<br />
i, alsll<br />
t\tlddk LI,r l' '''11« Il1nl<br />
,.! Eunl, :"'.. .' " ".<br />
I\hlhllm<br />
""0'" ,<br />
dish IIlIlVCllll'lIl wa~ important ill thl' hllle-kIlO\\1I hUI Ilighl) rele\illli 1I1"Jlllil) 01 Ih"llIIIIII!~""IIS I
..<br />
• ~t lllonat 11 • 12 " 87.<br />
L'économie iranienne au bout du rouleau<br />
Après sept années <strong>de</strong> connit militaire<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux ans <strong>de</strong> guerre économique<br />
suivant le contrechoc pétrolier,<br />
l'Iran semble aujourd'hui approcher<br />
<strong>de</strong>s limites <strong>de</strong> sa résistance. L'idée<br />
n'est pas nouvelle: voilà <strong>de</strong>s années<br />
qu'on prédit l'effondrement du<br />
régime par épuisement <strong>de</strong> ses ressour\;es<br />
financières. Voilà <strong>de</strong>s années<br />
que la République islamique tient<br />
bon, au prix <strong>de</strong> sacrifices croissants<br />
imposés à sa population.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te fois, pourtant la menace<br />
parait sérieuse. • Ils ne sont pas<br />
encore loul à fail au boul du rouleau,<br />
mais ils ne peuvent pillS continuer<br />
longlemps dans ces condilions<br />
". assure M. Gadon, <strong>de</strong><br />
l'<strong>Institut</strong> français du pétrole. Car<br />
l'incroyable est arrivé: le blocus<br />
économique imposé <strong>de</strong>puis l'été au<br />
pays commence à porter ses fruits.<br />
Téhéran paye cher son isolement<br />
diplomatique, <strong>et</strong> s'il cherche, en se<br />
rapprochant, <strong>de</strong> la France, à <strong>de</strong>sser.<br />
rer l'étau, c'est qu'il ne lui reste plus<br />
environ 4u'une année <strong>de</strong> réserves<br />
<strong>de</strong>vant lui.<br />
Pnncipal goul<strong>et</strong> d'étranglement:<br />
les <strong>de</strong>VIses. Le • trésor" accumulé<br />
avant la guerre a fondu. Selon la<br />
banque <strong>de</strong>s règlements internationaux,<br />
les réserves en <strong>de</strong>vises <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Iran ne s'élevaient plus, à la mi.<br />
1987, qu'à 5,3 milliards <strong>de</strong> dollars,<br />
soit un quart du • magot - <strong>de</strong> 1980<br />
(20 milliards) <strong>et</strong> 2,5 milliards <strong>de</strong><br />
moins qu'un an auparavant. Et si le<br />
pays, contrairement A l'Irak, ne<br />
souffre quasiment pas d'end<strong>et</strong>tement<br />
extérieur, il n'a pas non plus <strong>de</strong><br />
crédit. Quelle banque occi<strong>de</strong>ntale<br />
accepterait dans les conditions<br />
actuelles d'ouvrir A Téhéran une<br />
ligne <strong>de</strong> crédit?<br />
ImJ!O~dODS<br />
mlnlm.les<br />
Contraint <strong>de</strong> ré~ler ses imoorta.<br />
13-14 /12/87<br />
tions au • comptain - ou prësque,<br />
Téhéran ne peut donc miser que sur<br />
ses rec<strong>et</strong>tes <strong>de</strong> l'année pour financer<br />
ses besoins. Or, <strong>de</strong>puis l'an <strong>de</strong>rnier,<br />
elles ne suffisent plus à assurer le<br />
minimum vital pour poursuivre la<br />
guerre <strong>et</strong> nourrir la population.<br />
« L'Jran a un vrai problim, d'équIlibre<br />
extérieur ., estime MN Moni.<br />
que Benisti, <strong>de</strong> l'<strong>Institut</strong> françail <strong>de</strong>s<br />
relations extérieures (IFRI), «leI<br />
rec<strong>et</strong>tes d'exportations ne l'amé/lc>renl<br />
pas el il ne peul plus conllnuer<br />
à réduire 1(!Ilmpor/alions -,<br />
En dépit du redressement <strong>de</strong>i prix<br />
du brut, 1987 ne <strong>de</strong>vrait pal ftre<br />
meilleur <strong>de</strong> ce point <strong>de</strong> vue que<br />
1986. L'an <strong>de</strong>rnier, lei revenui du<br />
pétrole étaient to~bés A .6,6 mi~liards<br />
<strong>de</strong> dollars enViron, SOIt la mOItié<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'année précé<strong>de</strong>nte <strong>et</strong> trois fois<br />
moins qu'en 1983. C<strong>et</strong>te année, ils<br />
ne <strong>de</strong>vraient guère dépasser 8 milliards<br />
<strong>de</strong> dollars, cc qui, compte tenu<br />
<strong>de</strong> la dépréciation du bill<strong>et</strong> vert, ne<br />
laisserait A Téhéran, contraint <strong>de</strong><br />
s'approvisionner hors <strong>de</strong>s Etats-Unil<br />
en monnaies fortes (yen, mark, <strong>et</strong>c,)<br />
qu'un pouvoir d'achat stagnant,<br />
Après un premier semcstre satilfaisant,<br />
la montée <strong>de</strong>s tensions dans<br />
le Golfe <strong>et</strong> sunout l'embargo décidé<br />
par la France en juill<strong>et</strong>, puis par lei<br />
Etats-Unis en septembre, a rendu<br />
l'écoulement du brut iranien <strong>de</strong> plus<br />
en plus difficile, Téhéran s'cst placé<br />
dans une situation <strong>de</strong> dépendance<br />
absolue vis-A-vis <strong>de</strong> son principal<br />
client, le Japon, lequel, sans luivre<br />
officiellement les Etats-Unis <strong>et</strong> la<br />
France, n'en a pas moins gelé ses<br />
achats aux contrats existants.<br />
L'Iran, pour écouler les lurplus<br />
résultant <strong>de</strong> l'embargo a dO .litteraloment<br />
bra<strong>de</strong>r son pétrole, d'autant<br />
que la plu pan <strong>de</strong>s autres pays occi<strong>de</strong>ntaux<br />
soumis A d'amicales pressions<br />
<strong>de</strong>s pays arabes du Golfe<br />
ennemis <strong>de</strong> l'Iran observaient,<br />
comme le Japon, une attitu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Lesr<strong>et</strong>omb~es du conflit du Golfe<br />
Economie <strong>de</strong> guerre à Bagdad<br />
Téhéran a semé le doule<br />
quant aux intentions <strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong><br />
yis-à.yJs du pétrole iranien en<br />
annonçant. en marge <strong>de</strong> la réunion<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'OPEP, we prochaine<br />
leyée <strong>de</strong> l'embargo français, ce<br />
que l'on dément toutefois dans<br />
les mUleux gouyemementaux <strong>et</strong><br />
industriels (lire ,.,e 4). Par ailleurs,<br />
à Bagdad, oa assiste à une<br />
remise eo ordre <strong>de</strong> l'KoDOlDie<br />
iralûenae suscepdble <strong>de</strong> replacer<br />
le pays sur la ,oie du dé,eloppement.<br />
.<br />
BAGDAD<br />
<strong>de</strong> narre envoyée<br />
spéciale<br />
Une position avantageuse à<br />
l'ONU, l'appui du mon<strong>de</strong> arabe<br />
'apm le somm<strong>et</strong> d'Amman, une<br />
6conomie en meilleure posture:<br />
les dirigeants irakiens sont plus l<br />
l'aise, alon que T6Mran annonce<br />
une nouvelle fois une gran<strong>de</strong> op6-<br />
plui réservés vis-A-vis du brut iranien.<br />
Résultat: une décote <strong>de</strong> plusieurs<br />
dollars par baril, 'lui, ajoutée<br />
aux frais énormes d'assurance <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
transport (2 à 3 dollars par baril)<br />
supportés par l'Iran pour acheminer<br />
son pétrole en <strong>de</strong>hors <strong>de</strong> la zone <strong>de</strong><br />
8ucrre (grâce à une nav<strong>et</strong>te <strong>de</strong><br />
vingt-<strong>de</strong>ult cargos), ramène le priX<br />
réellement perçu par l'Iran aux environs<br />
<strong>de</strong> 15 dollars, soit le prix moyen<br />
<strong>de</strong> 1986.<br />
La faiblesse <strong>de</strong>s revenus pétrl>-<br />
Iiers, qui constituent l'essentiel <strong>de</strong>s<br />
ressources, ne laisse à j'Iran qu'une<br />
marge <strong>de</strong> manœuvre <strong>de</strong>s plus limitées.<br />
Car les importations ont d'ores<br />
<strong>et</strong> déjà été réduites au Itrict minimum.<br />
La guerre, du côté iranien, est<br />
une guerre <strong>de</strong> pauvres. Elle coûte<br />
néanmoins bon an mal an environ<br />
5 milliards <strong>de</strong> dollars.<br />
La gran<strong>de</strong> industrie, paralysée<br />
par le man4ue <strong>de</strong> piè\;es ct. <strong>de</strong><br />
matières premières, a ~té contralnlt:<br />
l'an <strong>de</strong>:rnier, <strong>de</strong>: m<strong>et</strong>tre au chômage<br />
partiel quelque sept cent cinquante<br />
mille travailleurs. Le gouvernement<br />
a dO, c<strong>et</strong>te année, dcsserrer un peu<br />
la vis <strong>de</strong>s entreprises nationales pour<br />
limiter le chômage. Quant A l'agriculture,<br />
qui, jusqu'ici, parvenait A<br />
tenir, elle a été affectée celle année<br />
à la fois par <strong>de</strong>s inondations <strong>et</strong> par la<br />
sécheresse, <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>vrait voir sa production<br />
au mieult stagner.<br />
En outre, les coûts indirects <strong>de</strong> la<br />
,guerre <strong>de</strong>viennent <strong>de</strong> plus en plus<br />
pesants. Les raids irakiens ont<br />
détruit une partie <strong>de</strong>s capacités <strong>de</strong><br />
raffinage. cc qui oblIge l'Iran à<br />
importer plus <strong>de</strong> 200000 barils/jour<br />
<strong>de</strong> produits raffinés, à un coût<br />
d'autant plus important que le<br />
Koweït <strong>et</strong> l'Arabie saoudite ont<br />
récemment • cOflSt!ill~ " aux compagnies<br />
qui font affaire avec eux <strong>de</strong><br />
cesser toute: Iivrai,on indirecte <strong>de</strong><br />
produits pétroliers comme le fuel,<br />
ration militaire. Mais, plus <strong>de</strong><br />
quatre mois après le vote par le<br />
Conseil <strong>de</strong> s6curité <strong>de</strong> l'ONU <strong>de</strong><br />
la résolution 598, <strong>de</strong>mandant<br />
notamment un cessez-le-feu<br />
immédiat, on estime, à Bagdad,<br />
que les choses ont assez duré <strong>et</strong><br />
qu'il faut sc rendre à l'évi<strong>de</strong>nce:<br />
Téhéran refuse la 598. Ce que,<br />
souligne-t-on, Bagdad répète<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis juill<strong>et</strong>. «En conséquence,<br />
affirme M, Wissam AI Zahawi,<br />
vicc-ministrc <strong>de</strong>s affaires étrangères<br />
irakien, le Conseil <strong>de</strong> sécurité<br />
doit prend,e les responsabi-<br />
/itél <strong>et</strong> adopter une <strong>de</strong>uxième<br />
,élo/utlon., c'est-à-dire prendre<br />
<strong>de</strong>s sanctions contre l'Iran,<br />
notamment un embargo sur les<br />
ventca d'armes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s sanctions<br />
6
ISUITE)<br />
(S/l.ile<strong>de</strong> lapremiinpage.)<br />
. Sans trop d'illusions sur l'efficacité<br />
cie telles sanctions qui compliqueront,<br />
dit-
•<br />
15.12.87<br />
!RA.N'-' VÛ~. la l<strong>et</strong>tre d'i,l!nrrlldtioll lTlen~J(>!!n. <strong>de</strong> la Ligut' !',~ur la riéfen~e <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Droits <strong>de</strong> l'Homrnc en mAN. iJ pllbli~ \;11 EDITORIAL cians son rl~.Hné:-o <strong>de</strong><br />
novernbre J9~ï sur la sitl'ati(lll dt.!") Ir
...<br />
(sU! ',\<br />
<strong>et</strong> dont on rappelait sa culture, sa richesse <strong>et</strong> son<br />
raffinement ne peut passer. d~ jour au len<strong>de</strong>main à l'état<br />
barabare. être globalement <strong>et</strong> Localement taxée ,lA<br />
terroriste. Telle est. en eff<strong>et</strong>, la conjoncture àa'1S<br />
laquelle nous nous trouvons. nbus iraniens.<br />
La si tuation est malt\eureusement bien pire encore<br />
pour ceux d'entre no~s Qui se trouvent actuellement dans<br />
les pays proches <strong>de</strong> r'lran. La Turquie, le Pakistan, l'Irak<br />
<strong>et</strong> les Emirats Arabes offrent <strong>de</strong>s condi tions <strong>de</strong> vie bien<br />
plus difficiles aux iraniens qui se voient dans<br />
l'obligation <strong>de</strong> fuir leur psys. Là. il n'existe aUClli1<br />
contrôle ou presque. Une simple entente avec .le régime<br />
<strong>de</strong> Téhéran peut entra1ner la. reconduction <strong>et</strong> l'expulsion<br />
vers l'Iran <strong>de</strong>s iraniens qui y rési<strong>de</strong>nt. Cela s'est déjà<br />
produi t à maintes reprises pour ce qui est <strong>de</strong> la Turqui(<br />
Quant à ceux 'lUi vi vent, -ou !!lurvivent.- au Paki s ;:'an. ce<br />
n'est pas pel..l dîfél {lY'ils mOftéht une vie <strong>de</strong> misèn: <strong>et</strong><br />
d'extrême pauvrêt@,<br />
Que p4JtUJêf d~ tout 60@1 <strong>et</strong> que <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>r qui soi t<br />
réalisable? l\ous he vouviohs Pâs l'impossiblE:. Notre souhait<br />
est tout simple: yue I~Et . <strong>de</strong> droit soit respecté<br />
en France <strong>et</strong>, 8n Eu~ope iJour ltH:l iraniens. Qu' i Is ne so ient<br />
pas maltr~t~iL qu.'lls Ile iH~l'nt pas su~per:ts aux yeux<br />
<strong>de</strong> tous. t:rl c~ qui c,--\ncerhe hH! iraniens vÏ'.rant en Turquie<br />
<strong>et</strong> au P
•<br />
REPUBLIQUE DU CENTRE 17 • 12 • 87<br />
Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s en grève <strong>de</strong> /a faim <strong>de</strong>ux Drouais<br />
,<br />
parmI eux<br />
Ils enten<strong>de</strong>nt protester, au siège <strong>de</strong> leur association culturelle à <strong>Paris</strong>, contre Il les mesures du gouvernement francais ",<br />
DREUX. - Deux Kur<strong>de</strong>s réfugiés<br />
politiques à Dreux ont enta.<br />
mé il y a une semaine une grève<br />
<strong>de</strong> la laim à <strong>Paris</strong> pour protester<br />
contre «les mesures du gouvernement<br />
Irançais., Ils se sont<br />
joinls à leurs 25 au"PS rompa,<br />
tnotes venus <strong>de</strong> plusieurs régions<br />
<strong>de</strong> France, au si!ge <strong>de</strong> leur<br />
association culturelle, • proximit"<br />
<strong>de</strong> Strasbourg-Saint-Denis,<br />
Les membres <strong>de</strong> la commu.<br />
nauté <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> drouaise nous Onl<br />
signalé leur geste hier en mêmt<br />
temps qu'ils rem<strong>et</strong>taient un communiqué<br />
résumant les raisons <strong>de</strong><br />
'eur action, Un communiqué si.<br />
gné du comité d'organisation <strong>de</strong><br />
la grève <strong>de</strong> la laim, où la question<br />
est posée: I A "InItIr du r'glme<br />
fllciate turc, le gouvern.ment<br />
Irancais l-t-i1 commenc' • eon.id'rtr<br />
te flit d'it,. <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> comin.<br />
un d'lit 7I<br />
Lei Kur<strong>de</strong>s l'élèvent contre les<br />
I perqul.ltlon., Int.rdlctlon. d.<br />
mlnlf .. tatlon. .t d. r'unlon.,<br />
Itt.lnt.. lU droit d. l'iour,<br />
t.ntltlvlI d'intimidation, m.-<br />
.ur.. prisel contr. les Iympathi-<br />
.Int. du Front d. lib'ration<br />
national. du Kurdiltln IERNKI •<br />
Ils <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nt le «r<strong>et</strong>our imm'diat<br />
I <strong>de</strong> trois Kur<strong>de</strong>s expulsés<br />
en Afrique au <strong>de</strong>but du mois,<br />
"arrêt rie nn\lvpll,''j p. ... [lulsions le<br />
changement d'attitu<strong>de</strong> du gau.<br />
vernement, l'arrêt <strong>de</strong> l'ai<strong>de</strong> au<br />
gouvernement turc,<br />
Les <strong>de</strong>ux Kur<strong>de</strong>s drouais participant<br />
à la grève <strong>de</strong> la faim<br />
seraient en France <strong>de</strong>puis quatre<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux ans, Ils habitent les<br />
Chamards,<br />
L'EVENEHENT DU JEUD! 17.12.87<br />
La Tafle <strong>de</strong>s opposants<br />
iTaniens<br />
Comment on j<strong>et</strong>te<br />
<strong>de</strong>s indésirables<br />
Le régime <strong>de</strong> Téhéran ne supporte pas que la FIance<br />
abrite ses opposants, En gage <strong>de</strong> bonne volonté, Il a <strong>de</strong>mandé leur expulSIOn<br />
Mals il ya la manière ,<br />
Le temps <strong>de</strong>s ralles serail-il<br />
revenu? Cenes, Pasqua n'esl pas<br />
Bousquel el Libreville n'a rien du<br />
Vel'd'hiv mais le traitement inllige par le<br />
ministere <strong>de</strong> l'Interieur à qualorze Iraniens<br />
<strong>et</strong> trois K1luIes expulses <strong>de</strong> France - fût ce<br />
pour la bonne cause - eSI difficilement<br />
appréciable, Arrachés à leur famille le 7<br />
décembre à l'aube, sans aucune explication,<br />
ces dix-sept refugiés ont <strong>et</strong>é clan<strong>de</strong>stinement<br />
embarqués <strong>de</strong> force, le len<strong>de</strong>main,<br />
sur la base militaire d'Evreux, dans un<br />
Boeing spécial, Quels crimes avaient -ils<br />
commis dans notre pays? Quels complots<br />
rramaient-ils? Aucun. Mais il y allait <strong>de</strong> la<br />
raison d'Etat.<br />
Début décembre, le ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur<br />
réclame aux renseignements généraux une<br />
liste <strong>de</strong> ces antikomeinystes raclicaux que<br />
sont les Moudjahiclin du peuple. Quelques<br />
centaines <strong>de</strong> noms sont présentés à la hâte.<br />
Seuls ceux <strong>de</strong> la region parisienne seront<br />
r<strong>et</strong>enus. par commodité, Le 5 décembre,<br />
ordre est donné à la police <strong>de</strong> l'air <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
frontiéres, aux RG, <strong>et</strong> aux clirections départementales<br />
<strong>de</strong>s polices urbaines concernées<br />
<strong>de</strong> se tenir prètes le surlen<strong>de</strong>main. Aucune<br />
autre explication n'est donnée.<br />
Lorsqu'ils se présentent aux domiciles<br />
<strong>de</strong>s personnes à interpeller, les policiers<br />
font souvent chou blanc, Bon nombre <strong>de</strong><br />
ces individus qui, selon Pasqua, prèsentaient<br />
une «menace particulièrement grave<br />
pour l'ordre public. <strong>et</strong> que <strong>de</strong>s «raisons<br />
impérieuses <strong>de</strong> sécurité nationale. commandaient<br />
d'expulser selon la procédure<br />
d'urgence absolue, avaient déménage<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis <strong>de</strong>s mois. Les RG ne s'en étaient pas<br />
soucié, ces fous du combat anti-ayatollahs<br />
ne leur paraissaient pas !rés dangereux.<br />
Aussi, quand ils viennent réveiller<br />
Hassan Habibi, à Auvers-sur-Oise, les inspecteurs<br />
ne dissimulent pas leur gêne.<br />
D'autant qu'ils n'ont même pas son arrête<br />
d'expulsion sur eux, Un motard ('apponera<br />
sur place une heure plus tard. Cenams<br />
policiers semblem même avoir parfois<br />
embarqué <strong>de</strong>s personnes ne figurant pas<br />
sur leur liste, Faute <strong>de</strong> grives ... C'est ainsi<br />
que <strong>de</strong>ux Iraniens <strong>de</strong> passage en France<br />
mais réfugiés l'un en Sue<strong>de</strong>, l'autre en<br />
Angl<strong>et</strong>erre, se r<strong>et</strong>rouve rom au Gdbc'Il le<br />
8 décembre, Ils ne pourrom regagner Stock<br />
holm <strong>et</strong> Londres que trois jours plus tard<br />
Au total, les policiers ont ramelle dalls<br />
leurs fil<strong>et</strong>s vingt-<strong>de</strong>ux Iraniens el quaIre<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s. Sur les dix-sept I1nalement expulses,<br />
huit om le statut <strong>de</strong> réfugié polilique.<br />
Dans un pays d'asile comme la France,<br />
signataire <strong>de</strong> la Convention <strong>de</strong> Geneve du<br />
28 juill<strong>et</strong> t951 sur les réfugiés, <strong>de</strong> lcls<br />
étrangers ont <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>voirs. ,'viaisils jouissent<br />
aussi <strong>de</strong> droits. Pasqua ne l'ignore pas,<br />
Dans une circulaire. qu'il a signee le<br />
I 7 seprembre 1986, sur les condi110ns<br />
d'executi0n <strong>de</strong>s mesures d'expulsi0l1, il<br />
précise: «L 'érranger dOli érre al'isè <strong>de</strong>s<br />
l'oies <strong>de</strong> recours dom il dispose... SI la<br />
personne l'i~ a la qualite <strong>de</strong> rélilgit! poluique,<br />
elle doit <strong>et</strong>re in{onnee <strong>de</strong> la possibifrté<br />
<strong>de</strong> saisir la Commission <strong>de</strong> recollrs <strong>de</strong>s<br />
réfugiés ... Le recours sllspend /'execurion<br />
<strong>de</strong> la mesure .•<br />
Ce lexte a éte bafoue le 7 décembre,<br />
Selon leurs avocats, les expulsés n'om pu<br />
alener ni leur famille ni allcun membre du<br />
barreau pour dire où il> l'talent relenus.<br />
quel son les anendall, <strong>et</strong> 1"'lIr laire j,'uer les<br />
recc'urs p,e\'u,. Alenes par <strong>de</strong>s parcllIs CI<br />
amis <strong>de</strong>s «ratlésYl, certains a\OOcaL
..<br />
AS THE GLOBE AND MAIL. MONDAY. DECEMBER 21, 1~87<br />
INTERNATIONAL<br />
. .<br />
Turkey's Kurdish<br />
War drags on<br />
with inci<strong>de</strong>nts<br />
almost daily<br />
BY JOHN GRAY<br />
Globe and Mail Correspon<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
DIYARBAKIR.<br />
TurKey<br />
The young soldiers who stroll the<br />
stre<strong>et</strong>s of Diyarbakir on their day<br />
off travel in twos and threes, and<br />
they seem to talk to nobody except<br />
one another.<br />
l11ey keep to themselves because<br />
they are strangers. They are Turks,<br />
and Diyarbakir is the heart of Turkish<br />
Kurdistan. Mest people on the<br />
stre<strong>et</strong>, it is said, can speak Turkish,<br />
but the language they choose to<br />
speak is Kurdish.<br />
As a matter of policy, the Turkish<br />
army sends soldiers here who do not<br />
speak the Kurdish of the population<br />
around them, and it sends Kurdish<br />
recruits to other parts of the country.<br />
l11e army wants no confusion of<br />
loyalties. .<br />
'That is all very embarrassing for<br />
1ùrkish authorities, but there is a<br />
low-level civil war In the country<br />
:that has gone on since before the<br />
creation of the republic 64 years<br />
ago.<br />
l11e Kurds, with their sporadic<br />
Insurgency here and across the<br />
bor<strong>de</strong>r In Iran and Iraq, simply will<br />
not goaway.<br />
l11ere is some kind of inci<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
almost every day. Som<strong>et</strong>imes it is a<br />
low-gra<strong>de</strong> insurgent propaganda<br />
eruption that is over almost as soon<br />
as It starts. Som<strong>et</strong>imes it is an attack<br />
on the korucu, village protectors<br />
appointed by the Government<br />
in Ankara. Som<strong>et</strong>imes it is an attack<br />
on the Turkish anny.<br />
The insurgents sud<strong>de</strong>nly appear,<br />
armed and equipped. The local collaborators<br />
with the Turkish authorities<br />
are lectured or dispatched, or<br />
the ahny is am~ushed. And then<br />
they disappear back into the homes<br />
fro~ which they came or the mountain<br />
hi<strong>de</strong>outs where they can be<br />
reached only by helicopter.<br />
In the past three years, more<br />
than 600 people have died in the<br />
continuing Kurdish rebellion. a<br />
quarter of them soldiers, a quarter<br />
guerrillas, and the remain<strong>de</strong>r civilians.<br />
Of the civilians who have died,<br />
about half have been i<strong>de</strong>ntified as<br />
the korucu or their families. They<br />
are the ones who are caught in<br />
b<strong>et</strong>ween.<br />
The guerrilla war, such as it is, is<br />
led by the Marxist Kurdish Workers<br />
Party (PKK). But ultimately more<br />
powerful than the PKK is the passive<br />
resentment of the eight or nine<br />
Kurds who are Turkish citi-<br />
million<br />
zens.<br />
Reuter<br />
Villagers in the Turkish province of Mardin moum relatives<br />
killed in a raid in June. Thirty people were buried tog<strong>et</strong>her.<br />
The Kurds are a problem that the<br />
Turks just do not want to know<br />
about. Conversations with a succession<br />
of Government officials and<br />
journalists in Ankara seem to stop<br />
<strong>de</strong>ad when the subject Comes round<br />
to the Kurds. .<br />
The Kurds are non-people to most<br />
Turks. Their language is banned for<br />
public use, as are publications in<br />
Kurdish. There is no schooling in<br />
Kurdish. Promotion of Kurdish<br />
rights can g<strong>et</strong> you thrown in jail for<br />
as long as 15 years.<br />
In Ankara there is a ten<strong>de</strong>ncy to<br />
ask, after all, wh<strong>et</strong>her there really<br />
is anything such as Kurdish. It is<br />
just a bunch of different dialects,<br />
some say. and one Kurd caMot<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rstand another. They all have<br />
Turkish passports.<br />
Som<strong>et</strong>imes they will tell you that<br />
the Kurds are really just "mountain<br />
Turks."<br />
Hayri Kozakcioglu, the "super<br />
governor" of the regions where the<br />
Kurds are most numerous, says he<br />
has picked up a few words of Kurdish,<br />
but, no, he does not really<br />
speak it.<br />
MI'. Kozakcioglu says it is a<br />
complicated problem, in part ec0-<br />
nomic, in part the product of outsid-<br />
. ers.<br />
The root of it, he says, is that<br />
Turkey is in the midst of massive<br />
regional <strong>de</strong>velopment that is going<br />
to make the whole of the southeast<br />
Anatolia region rich and prosperous.<br />
Other people do not wantthat.<br />
Western Europe would like a<br />
strong Turkey, Mr. Kozakcioglu<br />
says, but Eastern Europe does not.<br />
The countries to the soutl, 0{ Turkey<br />
are worried that a ma:.Sl\e Irriga-<br />
crisis won't go away<br />
tion project un<strong>de</strong>r way will dry up<br />
their water supplies from the Tigris<br />
and Euphrates rivers.<br />
So some countries provi<strong>de</strong> anns,<br />
ammunition. training and i<strong>de</strong>ology,<br />
and others provi<strong>de</strong> safe haven for<br />
Kurdish rebels - "All of these<br />
things come from people who don't<br />
want Turkey's progress .."<br />
Mr. Kozakcioglu is <strong>de</strong>finitely not<br />
a hand-wringer on language rights<br />
and national i<strong>de</strong>ntity. In that, he is<br />
certainly with the majority In Turkey.<br />
"There are different dialects, but<br />
all the people are Turkish. All the<br />
languages came from cen~ral Asia<br />
originally. As it is all over the<br />
world, we have many dialects. It is<br />
not a reason for fighting. . . . The<br />
people of this region have the same<br />
cultural life as tçe other people In<br />
Turkey."<br />
There is no mistake about Mr.<br />
Kozakcioglu's analysis of the dismal<br />
state of the economy in eastern<br />
Turkey. Even in Diyarbakir, the<br />
capital of the region since ancient<br />
times, there is no hint of the bus-<br />
tling boom of Ankara.<br />
In comparison with the rest of the<br />
country, the east suffers in just<br />
about every category: housing,<br />
education, health services. By one<br />
estimate. illiteracy is close to 70per<br />
cent.<br />
South of the city, where the valley<br />
of the Tigris str<strong>et</strong>ches down to the<br />
Syrian bor<strong>de</strong>r, it is a strangely<br />
mixed piCture. The huge South East<br />
Anatolia project will transform the<br />
region during the next <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>, but<br />
many of the villages seem<br />
unchanged for centuries, mud and<br />
'stone houses COMected I)y winding<br />
paths.<br />
Most of the villages appear to<br />
have electricity, but many lack<br />
running water. The highway un<strong>de</strong>r<br />
construction to the south will be<br />
able to carry annored divisions of<br />
the Turkish anny, but many villnll"<br />
es are inaccessible by anythin:; ,.ln<br />
wheels.<br />
In the daytime, security prpcautions<br />
appear vi~\tally nonexIstent<br />
on the road down 'to Mardin and<br />
along the frontier highway that<br />
carries 3,500 oil transport trucks<br />
from the oilfields of Iraq to central<br />
Turkey.<br />
But when darkness comes In the<br />
late afternoon. the trucks down to<br />
Mardin travel In threes and fourS.<br />
And along the frontier highway,<br />
army vehicles with flashing lights<br />
escort oil transport convoys that are<br />
three kilom<strong>et</strong>res long.<br />
The oddity of all this is that as the<br />
Turks are combating the evi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />
of Kurdish nationalism in the east of<br />
their country, they are engaged in a<br />
particularly bitter diplomatic war<br />
with Bulgaria,<br />
the west.<br />
Turkey's neighbor to<br />
.<br />
At issue in the Bulgarian dispute<br />
is the fate of thousands of Turkishspeaking<br />
Bulgarians. Their language<br />
and their Turkish i<strong>de</strong>htity are<br />
being systematically suppressed by<br />
the Bulgarian authorities.<br />
In recent discussions In Ankara<br />
about the Kurdish difficulties. a<br />
visitor tried repea.tedly to draw a<br />
parallel b<strong>et</strong>ween the Bulgarian<br />
treatment of its Turkish minority<br />
and Turkey's treatment of ilS Kurdish<br />
minority. On each occasion, the<br />
visitor was told a bit curtly that the<br />
two cases were not at all the same.<br />
10
..<br />
21.12.87<br />
.Kurdlstan<br />
Le Kurdistan pris au piège <strong>de</strong> la violence <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
la contre-violence<br />
La presse turque n'utilise plus, pour décrire les <strong>de</strong>rniers évènempnts survenus dans<br />
le sud-est du pays, que les termes <strong>de</strong> "massacre" ou "génoci<strong>de</strong>". Quant au Prési<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
Kenan Evren, il est persuadé que les attaques <strong>de</strong>s maquisards <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s sont le résultat<br />
d'un complot ouest-européen dont l'unique objectif serait <strong>de</strong> séparer le sud-est<br />
turc du reste <strong>de</strong> la Turquie. Cependant, une chose est sOre : une guerre civile<br />
meurtrière - oil la vie d'un homme ne compte plus beaucoup - a lieu aujourd'hui<br />
dans les montagnes du Kurdistan. Les attaques <strong>de</strong> la guerilla <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> om fait ces<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnières semaines <strong>de</strong>s dizaines <strong>de</strong> victimes, dont <strong>de</strong>s civils, tandis que les unités<br />
antHnsurrectionnelles <strong>de</strong> l'armée <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la police font rl>gner un rt'>gime <strong>de</strong> terreur.<br />
A cela il faut ajouter les déportations <strong>de</strong> masse dont It' gouvern,'ment pense qu'elles<br />
vont résoudre 'Ie "problème <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>".<br />
La conséquence immédiate <strong>de</strong> ce cercle infernal violenct'/contr('-\'lOlence est une<br />
radicalisation croissante <strong>de</strong> la population <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, dans le SUd-t'~1 ('omme dans les<br />
villes.<br />
Les déclarations officielles <strong>et</strong> la presse ne cessent d.. lann'r dl' v{'ritables appt~ls cl<br />
la vengeance. A les croire, le sud-est du pays connaTtrait uc:tuellement un génoci<strong>de</strong>,<br />
plus terrible encore que celui perpétré contre les Arméniens au d(>but du siècle. La<br />
télévision d'Etat parle <strong>de</strong> la "barbarie <strong>de</strong>s bandits séparatistes" <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s citoyens Interrogés<br />
dans la rue se déclarent pr<strong>et</strong>s a "prendre imml'diatement les armell" contr,'<br />
ces "ennemis <strong>de</strong> l'Etat".<br />
Le pouvoir cel1lr
(SUITE)<br />
Le système <strong>de</strong>s mlUces<br />
E" aoOt I qRS. le Prési<strong>de</strong>nt Evren a ordonné d'armer les civils :"11 faut couper la<br />
t'ête au serpent tant qu'il est encore jeune", proclame-t-i1, pensant avoir trouvé<br />
avec la formation <strong>de</strong> milices populaires une métho<strong>de</strong> efficace pour combattre l<strong>et</strong>errorisme.<br />
Ironie <strong>de</strong> l'histoire : peu après le putsch. dont l'objectif déclaré était<br />
précisément "l'élimination" du terrorisme, le Général Evren avait donné l'ordre à<br />
toutes les armées privées opérant dans 1£ su i-est <strong>de</strong> déposer les armes. Dans la jolie<br />
p<strong>et</strong>ite ville <strong>de</strong> Siverek, proche <strong>de</strong> la frontière syro-turque, le neveu du gros propriétaire<br />
terrien Bucak nous a fièrement exhibé, troi~ ans plus tard, sa collection<br />
d'armes - les militaires n'avaient apparemment pas trop insisté sur c<strong>et</strong>te mesure<br />
dans le sud-est <strong>de</strong> l'Anatolie marqué par <strong>de</strong>s structure'S féodales•••<br />
Avec l'ordonnance <strong>de</strong> 1985, ces armées privées sont donc à nouveau légalisées <strong>et</strong><br />
équipées <strong>de</strong> moyens mo<strong>de</strong>rnes par l'Etat. Des paysans pauvres <strong>et</strong> démunis se joignent<br />
aux milices pour s'assurer un bon revenu : ils gagnent 75.000 livres turques,<br />
soit <strong>de</strong>ux fois le salaire moyen d'un 'journalier.<br />
"Des citoyens loyaux envers l'état ont été choisis par les forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité pour<br />
former la milice; ce choix, a lui seul, désigne automatiquement les autres citoyens<br />
comme <strong>de</strong>s ennemis <strong>de</strong> l'armée <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> l'état", explique l'Intellectuel <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> Halil-Bey*.<br />
"Pas seulement parce que l'arme confère a celui qui la porte un pvuvolr<br />
sociologique. L'expérience a montré que ces armes ont surtout servi a régler <strong>de</strong>s<br />
comptes personnels."<br />
De macabres histoires sur la façon dont les milices conçoivent l'exercice du pouvoir<br />
ont fait le tour <strong>de</strong> la presse turque au début <strong>de</strong> l'année : le magazine politique<br />
"Yeni Guen<strong>de</strong>m" a parlé <strong>de</strong> cadavres décapités <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> têtes empalées. Un milicien<br />
touche 2 mil1lons <strong>de</strong> livres turques par "tête <strong>de</strong> terroriste". Mais en l'occurrence,<br />
dans l'affaire que relate "Yeni Guen<strong>de</strong>m", il ne s'agissait que d'un simple berger -<br />
<strong>de</strong>s histoires horribles difficiles a concilier avec la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> d'adhésion <strong>de</strong> la Turquie<br />
à la Communauté Européenne.<br />
Pourtant, "les milices ont détourné l'attention que les terroristes portaient aux<br />
soldats", se félicitait le Ministre <strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur, Akbulut, au début <strong>de</strong> ('année <strong>de</strong>vant<br />
le Parlement à Ankara. C<strong>et</strong>te déclaration était justifiée, car les milices sont <strong>de</strong>venues<br />
la cible principale <strong>de</strong>s rebelles <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s - <strong>et</strong> pas seulement du "Parti <strong>de</strong>s Travailleurs<br />
du Kurdistan" (PKK). La guérl11a<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> s'en prend aux miliciens parce qu'ils<br />
sont armés, mais aussi parce qu'ils passent pour être les principaux informateurs <strong>de</strong>s<br />
forces <strong>de</strong> sécurité turques. Selon <strong>de</strong>s rapports <strong>de</strong> témoins <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te région, ce soupçon<br />
est loin d'être infondé <strong>et</strong> l'idée d'engager <strong>de</strong>s autochtones comme agents <strong>de</strong>s<br />
services secr<strong>et</strong>s était bien celle - faut-II s'en étonner ? - <strong>de</strong>s généraux après le<br />
putsch <strong>de</strong> 1980. "Ankara voulait étouffer dans l'oeuf la renaissance <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>et</strong> utilisait<br />
<strong>de</strong>s <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s d~'S ce 'but - avec ou sans violence -. Les autochtones sont après tout<br />
les meilleurs experts <strong>de</strong> la situation", dit Husseyin*, qui ne fait pourtant pas partie<br />
d'ull group~ militant ni ne soutient les forces que l'on nomme aujourd'hui<br />
"séparatistes" en Turquie.<br />
La politique officielle<br />
)resser les <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s les uns contre les autres <strong>et</strong> faire <strong>de</strong>s démonstrations <strong>de</strong> force<br />
lécrösée dans le sang dans la région <strong>de</strong> Dersim - aujourd'huI 'I unceli.<br />
Bilan: <strong>de</strong>s centaines <strong>de</strong> milliers <strong>de</strong> victimes <strong>et</strong> plus d'un million <strong>de</strong> déportés.<br />
..<br />
"Les nègres<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie"<br />
12<br />
Dps c<strong>et</strong>te époque, <strong>et</strong> à commencer pör le "père <strong>de</strong>s Turcs" Kemal Atati.Jrk, les auluntés<br />
d'Ankara n'ont toujours voulu dans leur république que <strong>de</strong>s wfurcs fiers <strong>de</strong><br />
l'êlre''. Le terme <strong>de</strong> "Turcs <strong>de</strong>s montagnes", employé pour désigner les Kur<strong>de</strong>s pendant<br />
longtemps, exprime bien à quel point le régime niait l'existence même d'un<br />
peuple <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> <strong>et</strong> démontrait à son endroit un évi<strong>de</strong>nt mépris.<br />
C<strong>et</strong>te attitu<strong>de</strong> ne caractérise pas seulement les autorités. Certains intellectuels<br />
turcs, qui connaissent pourtant tous les mouvements idéologiques ainsi que la problématique<br />
<strong>de</strong>s minorités partout où elles existent dans le mon<strong>de</strong>, ont été plus qU2<br />
réticents à l'égard <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Turquie. Ils auraient préféré les dissimuler à l'opInion<br />
publique internationale. Non pas par calcul politique mais parce q~e, pour l'intelligentsia<br />
turque occi<strong>de</strong>ntalisée, la population <strong>de</strong>s provinces du sud-est n'es~ que la<br />
quintessence <strong>de</strong> la paysannerie pauvre, sale, pitoyable, <strong>de</strong> l'esprit arriéré anatolien.<br />
Une honte pour une nation mo<strong>de</strong>rne en plein essor, ces "nègres" <strong>de</strong> la Turquie:<br />
Dans les années 70, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont vécu cependant une sorte <strong>de</strong> renaissance culturelle<br />
<strong>et</strong> voté massivement pour <strong>de</strong>s maires <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s aux élections municipales. A<br />
l'£poque, Mehdi Zana avait été élu maire <strong>de</strong> la ville <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir; aujourd'hL;i, il<br />
végète dans la prison qui a la plus mauvaise réputation <strong>de</strong> toute la Turquie (on y<br />
)
,<br />
(SUITE)<br />
torture couramment), celle <strong>de</strong> Diyarbakir précIsément.<br />
"Il est absur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> déclarer inexistant tout un peuple", commentait sèchement à Ankara<br />
un diplomate d'Europe <strong>de</strong> l'Ouest. Absur<strong>de</strong> effectivement, puisque les Kur<strong>de</strong>s<br />
représentent plus d'un cinquième <strong>de</strong> la population. Les Kur<strong>de</strong>s résidant dans les centres<br />
industriels <strong>de</strong> l'ouest du pays sont estimés à 2 millions; ils vivent pour la plupart<br />
dans les bidonvilles les plus misérables, les "Cecekondu". Les habitants d'lstambul<br />
les appellent souvent "les conquérants" en dénonçant avec mépris l'ignorance el<br />
le manque d'aptitu<strong>de</strong> a la civilisation <strong>de</strong> ces étrangers.<br />
On estime a 8 millions le nombre <strong>de</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s vivant dans les provinces du sud-est.<br />
Combiens sont-Ils exactement ? Personne ne peut le dire. Au cours du <strong>de</strong>rnier recensement<br />
en 1985, <strong>de</strong> p<strong>et</strong>its groupes <strong>de</strong> scientifiques ont pru<strong>de</strong>mment <strong>de</strong>mandé aux<br />
habitants <strong>de</strong> -l'Est s'lis pariaient, une langue étrangère, l'anglais. le français ou... le<br />
<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>. Ils ont été accusés <strong>de</strong> "vl~er le sentiment national", leur matériel a élé<br />
saisi, leur procès est encore en cours.<br />
En eff<strong>et</strong>, étant donné que les Kur<strong>de</strong>s n'existent pas, il ne doit pas y avoir non plus<br />
<strong>de</strong> langue <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>. La loi 2923, adoptée fin 1983, précise a l'article 3 : "La langue<br />
maternelle <strong>de</strong> tout citoyen turc est le turc". L'utilisation d'une langue maternelle<br />
non reconnue par la Turquie est sanctionnée d'une amen<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> 100.000 Livres turques<br />
<strong>et</strong> d'une peine <strong>de</strong> un à trois ans <strong>de</strong> prison (art. 4). Tous manuscrits, livres ou enregistrements<br />
faits dans une langue non reconnue sont aussitOt saisis par les autorilés<br />
(art. 5).<br />
Répression d'état<br />
Dans le sud-est du pays, la répression prend beaucoup d'appellations différentes :<br />
dans les années 70, les unités <strong>de</strong> "contre-guérilla" entrainées aux "actions <strong>de</strong> guerre<br />
spéciale" étaient formées en Allemagne, aux Etats-Unis <strong>et</strong> dans les villes turques dl'<br />
Erzincan, Ankara <strong>et</strong> Diyarbakir. Elles y apprennent ce qUI est décrit comme leur<br />
tache principale dans le livre "Répression du soulèvement populaire : théorie <strong>et</strong><br />
pratique" <strong>de</strong> David Gallula, membre <strong>de</strong> la CIA. Parmi les métho<strong>de</strong>s favorites, l'utilisation<br />
délibérée du bruit <strong>de</strong>s "chopper" : <strong>de</strong>s hélicoptères volant a basse altitu<strong>de</strong><br />
pour terroriser la ,population - une métho<strong>de</strong> employée efficacement pendant la guerre<br />
du Vi<strong>et</strong>nam. L'humiliaùon <strong>de</strong>s civils, les arrestalions arbitraires <strong>et</strong> là toriure syslématlque<br />
font <strong>de</strong>puis longtemps partie du quotidien. Selon un rappon du "Part I 1'0-<br />
p~lalre Social-Démocrate" (SHP). on a recensé dans celte région plus <strong>de</strong> 800 disparus<br />
entre 1980 el 1984. La gendarmerie effectue <strong>de</strong>s razzias dans les vdlag('s, pill.,<br />
les paysans el organ;se les déportat ions <strong>de</strong> masse.<br />
Les déportations<br />
<strong>de</strong> masse<br />
"II étall CInq heures du matin. Le Major Naim Kurt, commandant <strong>de</strong> '..atalIIon du<br />
8ème corps d'armée est arrivé au village <strong>de</strong> Ormankoeyue avec quelqt'~3 dizaines dl'<br />
suldals", racontent d'anciens habitants qui vivent aujourd'hui è AkhISC" dans l'oue'l<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Turquie. En quelques minutes, tous les habitants du village ont été pousses<br />
sur la place el forcés <strong>de</strong> s'agenouiller. "Vous avez trois ;>ossibililés". a dil alors le<br />
:-'1aJor: "ou bien VOls <strong>de</strong>venez terroristes <strong>et</strong> vous partez dans la momagne, ou blt,,"<br />
vous ChOISissezd'elr~ <strong>de</strong>s informateurs ou alors vous Qu!ttez le nllage". L'ancien<br />
maire, Emir Ail Ka" légalement élu en 1980 puis <strong>de</strong>stitué <strong>de</strong>ux ans plus tard par<br />
les militaireS, a élé à tel point malmené Que ses cris <strong>de</strong> douleur am été entendus<br />
dans 10Ul le villatic el Jusque dans les collines environnantes. Le :--laJor Nairn Kun<br />
a accordé aux villag.;>ois un délai <strong>de</strong> réflexion <strong>de</strong> 20 jours. Cela se passaI! ell ;lOÛl<br />
, 985.<br />
:\ 13 l'Ill aoOl, les 40 familles <strong>de</strong> Ormankoeyue étaient prêtes à partir. Quclque~<br />
unes ont dO, sous 13 menace <strong>de</strong>s armes, détruire leur propre maison. "AinSI, vous Ill'<br />
pourrez Jamais revenir". En s'éloignant, les villageois ont aperçu leur village en<br />
flammes. Ormènkoeyue ne figurera plus sur la prochaine carte <strong>de</strong> TurqUie.<br />
Celle hlslr:lire a été racontée par le magazine <strong>de</strong> gauche "2oo0'e Dogru", débul<br />
aVril. Il n'y a eu III protestations, ni indignation dans le reste <strong>de</strong> ia presse. On s'esl<br />
comemé, en général, <strong>de</strong> parler du "programme <strong>de</strong> transfert <strong>de</strong> populatlon", euph~mlsme<br />
employé par le régime. Parmi les "bénéficiaires", on compte offiCieliemem<br />
;es 270 habitants <strong>de</strong> Ormankoeyue.<br />
Ce programme <strong>de</strong> transfert a été mis en place par le régime d'Oezal avec :J sel'<br />
qrigme, un décr<strong>et</strong> pour la protection <strong>de</strong>s forêts. En eff<strong>et</strong>, les articles 169 el liO<br />
<strong>de</strong> la ConslitutJ
,<br />
LA NOUVELLE REPUBLIQUE DU CENTRE OUEST<br />
Expulsés iraniens <strong>et</strong> Jwr<strong>de</strong>s :<br />
le P.s. conteste les mesures<br />
21.12.87<br />
L'agitation autour <strong>de</strong> l'expulsion<br />
<strong>de</strong> France vers le Gabon,<br />
d'opposants Iraniens <strong>et</strong><br />
turcs d'origine <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, a alIeint<br />
<strong>Paris</strong> où, aprés leurs familles,<br />
leurs avocats <strong>et</strong> le collectif <strong>de</strong>s<br />
organisations œuvrant pour le<br />
droit d'asile, le parU socialiste<br />
a décidé <strong>de</strong> se pencher sur leur<br />
cas à la lumière <strong>de</strong> la visite que<br />
vient d'effectuer é Libreville, le<br />
député Gilbert Bonnemaison,<br />
"Rafle»<br />
Selon le député socialiste,<br />
qui préconise le r<strong>et</strong>our <strong>de</strong>s expulsés,<br />
afin qu'Ils salent traduits,<br />
si besoin est, <strong>de</strong>vant la<br />
justice française, leur départ a<br />
revêtu - un caractére <strong>de</strong> rafle<br />
<strong>et</strong> non <strong>de</strong> mesures <strong>de</strong> sécurité<br />
pour l'ordre public -,<br />
M, Bonnemaison, rentré samedi<br />
matin <strong>de</strong> Libreville 09 Il a<br />
pu s'entr<strong>et</strong>enir avec les expulsés,<br />
a fait état, au cours<br />
d'une conférence' <strong>de</strong> presse,<br />
<strong>de</strong> leurs témoignages qu'II a<br />
enregistrés <strong>et</strong> qui décrivent le<br />
climat <strong>de</strong> violence <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> force<br />
dans lequel s'est effectué leur<br />
départ, le 8 décembre, <strong>de</strong> Is<br />
base militaire d'Evreux, aprés<br />
leur Interpellation la v\3ille. Le<br />
député avait été mandaté pour<br />
celle mission d'Information<br />
par le groupe socialiste <strong>de</strong><br />
l'Assemblée nationale présidé<br />
par M, Pierre Joxe,<br />
De son cOté, la Commission<br />
<strong>de</strong> recours <strong>de</strong>s réfugiés a examiné,<br />
samedi au palais <strong>de</strong> Justice<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>Paris</strong>, la <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s<br />
six avocats <strong>de</strong>s Iraniens expulsés<br />
concernant l'annulation<br />
<strong>de</strong>s arrêtés d'expulsion, Le ministre<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur, Charles<br />
Pasqua, a pris celle mesure<br />
selon la procédure - d'urgence<br />
absolue" <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> - nécessité Impérieuse<br />
pOLIrla sécurité nationale<br />
.. prévue par une ordonnance<br />
<strong>de</strong> 1944. La<br />
Commission <strong>de</strong> recours, qui<br />
siége é huis clos, donne au ministre<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'Intérieur <strong>de</strong>s avis<br />
secr<strong>et</strong>s, Elle doit apprécier si<br />
les conditions prévues par<br />
celle ordonnance étalent réunies.<br />
Selon les avocats, le ministre<br />
<strong>de</strong> l'intérieur n'a apporté<br />
auc!!n documE\nt justifiant l'expulsion<br />
récente vers le Gabon<br />
<strong>de</strong>s quatorze opposants Iraniens<br />
selon la procédure<br />
d'- urgence aosolue ",<br />
M- Henri Leclorr:, Francis Teltgen<br />
<strong>et</strong> François Serres ont <strong>de</strong>mandé<br />
à la
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OUEST FRANCE 24.12.87<br />
Un travail pour son père<br />
•<br />
Ce p<strong>et</strong>it gerçon .ur le photo .'epp.lI. Maylr. Il • 9 an •• Il vit eh.z •••<br />
grand.-perent. mat.m.l. ill aazlant.p, un. vIII. moy.nn., loin ill l' •• t<br />
d'I.tenbul, en Kurdl.tan turc. D.pul. trol. an •• t d.ml, ••• parent., rtlug'"<br />
politiques en Frenee, .t ••• p.tlt. Ir'r.. vlv.nt • Mayenne. Avec une<br />
ob.ellion ; 'elr. v.nlr l'afn6 dont la molt" d. la vi ••••• t d6JiII d6roul6. loin<br />
d'eux.<br />
lL'hlstolre <strong>de</strong> Meylr, ce p<strong>et</strong>it garçon<br />
<strong>de</strong> Gaziantep, celle <strong>de</strong> Gulu.<br />
zar, sa mère, <strong>de</strong> Mehm<strong>et</strong>, son<br />
père, se conjuguent avec l'histoire<br />
tourmentée <strong>de</strong>s Kur<strong>de</strong>s, Répartis<br />
sur l'Irak, l'Iran, la Turquie, mordant<br />
sur la Syrie <strong>et</strong> l'URSS, les<br />
Kur<strong>de</strong>s occupent un territoire plus<br />
grand que la France, Différents<br />
sur le plan <strong>et</strong>hnique <strong>et</strong> culturel<br />
<strong>de</strong>s populations avec lesquelles lia<br />
cohabitent, les Kur<strong>de</strong>s ont toujours<br />
lait valoir leur originalité, Au<br />
prix du sang le plus souvent, déclenchant<br />
le cycle Infernal <strong>de</strong>a révoltes<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s répressions sanglan.<br />
tes. En Turquie, parler <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> est<br />
Interdit, vivre • la <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> est réprimé,<br />
encore plus <strong>de</strong>puis "arrivée<br />
au pouvoir d'un gouvernement militaire<br />
en 1980.<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong>, • la fois Kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> syndicaliste,<br />
a connu les tracasseries,<br />
les séjours au commissariat, les<br />
amis emprisonnés <strong>et</strong> pendus.<br />
Avec l'argent collecté dans la famille,<br />
Il paie un pasteur pour franchir<br />
clan<strong>de</strong>stinement la frontière<br />
avec la Syrie. Puis c'est un long<br />
périple <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ux mois (mal <strong>et</strong> juin<br />
1983) qui le conduit en Grèce, en<br />
Italie, puis en France. Il y obtient<br />
la carte <strong>de</strong> rélugié fin iuill<strong>et</strong><br />
Trois mois plus tard, Guluzar<br />
emprunte les mêmes chemins détournés,<br />
portant les <strong>de</strong>ux plus jeu-.<br />
nes enlants, les jumeaux Huseyin<br />
<strong>et</strong> Dervis, qui ont tout Juste treize<br />
mois. Impossible, aiors, dans les<br />
conditions du voyage clan<strong>de</strong>stin<br />
<strong>et</strong> difficile, <strong>de</strong> s'occuper du grand.<br />
Mayir, qui a presque 5 ens. Pour<br />
la mère <strong>de</strong> Guluzar, Il est aussi<br />
plus facile <strong>de</strong> prendre en charge<br />
un enfant déJ. grand. DepuiS ce<br />
Jour <strong>de</strong> septembre 1983, la famille<br />
<strong>de</strong> Mehm<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> Guluzar Ari n'a<br />
pu se réunir.<br />
LE FIGARO<br />
COMMERCE<br />
EXTE1
,<br />
. (SUITE)<br />
Vne telle opération valait<br />
donc que le ministre français<br />
du Commerce extérieur sacrifiât<br />
aux cérémonies d'usage:<br />
signature <strong>de</strong>s documents à<br />
l'hôtel <strong>de</strong> ville d'Istanbul, réception<br />
<strong>et</strong> déjeuner du gouverneur<br />
<strong>de</strong> la ville au palais<br />
<strong>de</strong> Topkapi, visite à la chambre<br />
<strong>de</strong> commerce, <strong>et</strong> dîner<br />
donné par le maire, Bedr<strong>et</strong>tin<br />
DalIan en sa rési<strong>de</strong>nce <strong>de</strong><br />
Sari Kosk.<br />
Il est vrai aussi que les<br />
relations commerciales<br />
franco-turques reviennent <strong>de</strong><br />
loin. De l'affaire chypriote au<br />
vote, par le Parlement euro.<br />
péen, d'une motion reconnais.<br />
sant l'existence du génoci<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>s lCur<strong>de</strong>s, les suj<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />
brouillé entre les <strong>de</strong>ux pays<br />
n'ont pas manqué. Avec leurs<br />
conséquences néfastes sur<br />
nos exportations vers ce marché.<br />
Résultat, nous ne som.<br />
mes plull que le sixième four.<br />
nisseur <strong>de</strong> la Turquie <strong>et</strong>, en<br />
<strong>de</strong>horl <strong>de</strong>i Airbus, nous n'oc.<br />
cupons que trois pour cent du<br />
marché, soit quatre fois<br />
moins que la RFA ou trois<br />
fois moins que les Etats-<br />
Vnis.<br />
Ainsi Michel Noir a saisi<br />
l'occasion <strong>de</strong> ce voya~e pour<br />
rencontrer au cours d une rapi<strong>de</strong><br />
escapa<strong>de</strong> vers Ankara le<br />
IatMbul : • mUllona d'habllen.<br />
<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> multiple. proje. d'6qulpemenla. (Photographie SIPA.)<br />
premier ministre Tur~ut<br />
Ozal, en compagnie <strong>de</strong> Bre.<br />
d<strong>et</strong>tin Dalan. Vne entrevue<br />
qui a permis d'évoquer ]es<br />
différents proj<strong>et</strong>s, essentiellement<br />
d'infrastructur88, aux.<br />
quels la France pourrait par.<br />
ticiper. Et ils lont nombreux.<br />
Vn temps mis en souf.<br />
france, l'équipement <strong>de</strong>s aéroports<br />
en radars Thomson revient<br />
à l'ördre du jour.<br />
Annulé brusquement au<br />
cours <strong>de</strong> l'été <strong>de</strong>rnier, ce<br />
contrat <strong>de</strong> quelque 400 mil.<br />
lions qu'avait remporté<br />
Thomson-CSF fait <strong>de</strong> nouveau<br />
l'obj<strong>et</strong> d'un appel d'of.<br />
fres qui, semble-toil, distingue<br />
mieux les équipements à vocation<br />
militaire - sur lesquels<br />
les Américains disposent<br />
<strong>de</strong> facto d'une priorité<br />
stratégique - <strong>et</strong> les radars<br />
civill pour lesquels les Fran.<br />
çais sont toujours en bonne<br />
place.<br />
Autres dossiers souvent<br />
évoqués, la construction d'un<br />
tunnel sous le Bosphore<br />
(3,5 milliards <strong>de</strong> francs <strong>de</strong> travaux)<br />
ou d'un nouveau pont<br />
(l milliard), l'installation<br />
d'u,p.lllétro dans la ville d'An.<br />
kara, la rénovation du réseau<br />
d'autobus d'Istanbul ou la<br />
construction d'un barrage <strong>de</strong><br />
réserve pour l'alimentation<br />
en eau <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te ville.<br />
Bref, les idées ne manquent<br />
pas. Mais sont-elles finançables<br />
? Pour le contrat<br />
gazier, la France a consenti<br />
<strong>de</strong>s efforts importants. Mais<br />
la Turquie reste confrontée à<br />
<strong>de</strong>s difficultés économiques<br />
sévères: inflation impression.<br />
nante (selon les prévisions <strong>de</strong><br />
l'OCDE, 41 % c<strong>et</strong>te année,<br />
36 % en 1988 <strong>et</strong> 33 % en 1989),<br />
ralentissement <strong>de</strong> la croissance<br />
entraînant une nécessaire<br />
réduction <strong>de</strong>s dépenses<br />
publiques.<br />
Aussi, pour réaliser cee<br />
équipements, les autorités locales<br />
recourent <strong>de</strong> plus en<br />
plus souvent au système <strong>de</strong>s<br />
BOT, proche, par exemple,<br />
<strong>de</strong>s concessions d'autoroutes<br />
à péage pratiquées en France.<br />
Envisagé, par exemple, pour<br />
le métro d'Ankara, ce 'Y"<br />
tème laisse à la charge <strong>de</strong><br />
l'entreprise qui le réalisera,<br />
une part non négligeable <strong>de</strong>.<br />
l'investissement <strong>et</strong> donc du<br />
risque commercial.<br />
Quelle peut être c<strong>et</strong>tf'<br />
part? 50 % ou plus? C'est là<br />
que rési<strong>de</strong> toute la difficulté.'<br />
Q.,.<br />
L'ECHO REPUBLICAIN DE LA BEAUCE ET DU PERCHE 29.12.87<br />
M. Ali SenguL prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> l'Amicale <strong>de</strong>s travailleur:3<br />
Notre ami a été torturé<br />
Lei lOllllllUllelute Turque <strong>et</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong> droualse est Inqui<strong>et</strong>e. Selon son representant, All<br />
Senyul HusseYln Kllnc, expulse vers son pays d'origine le 16 décembre <strong>de</strong>rnier, aurait<br />
<strong>et</strong>c torture pendant sept Jours dans un commissarIat d'lstambul<br />
,'ILS ont brûlé Husseyin<br />
avec une cigar<strong>et</strong>te.<br />
ils lui ont appliqué<br />
sur le corps <strong>de</strong>s barres<br />
<strong>de</strong> fer chauffées ci blanc. ils<br />
l'ont obligé ci marcher sur <strong>de</strong>s<br />
morceaux <strong>de</strong> verre <strong>et</strong> ils lui ont<br />
mis du courant sur son sexe ".<br />
affmne M. Sengul. • La torture<br />
pratiquée dans un commissariat<br />
d'Istambul a duré pendant<br />
sept jours ". poursuit-il.<br />
Affirmation gratuite? Peutêtre,<br />
Une chose est sûre: nous<br />
ne pouvons pas la vérifier. M.<br />
Ali Sengul affirme détenir c<strong>et</strong>te<br />
vérité <strong>de</strong> la bouche même <strong>de</strong> M.<br />
Husseyin Kline, ce Drouais<br />
arrêté à Chartres le 16 décembre<br />
<strong>de</strong>rnier, alors qu'il al.<br />
lait réclamer une carte <strong>de</strong><br />
séjour à la préfecture.<br />
• Husseyin m'a appelé<br />
d'Istämbul mercredi <strong>de</strong>rnier c<br />
raconte M. Sengul, • il a été<br />
remis en liberté ce.jour là car il<br />
a réussi à prendre un avocat. Il<br />
doit néanmoins pointer tous les<br />
jours au commissariat <strong>et</strong> j'ai<br />
bien peur que la torture reo<br />
prenne c.<br />
Les expulsions :<br />
une inquiétu<strong>de</strong><br />
A travers ce fait, M. Ali<br />
Sengul se fait le porte-parole<br />
<strong>de</strong>s 250 turcs <strong>et</strong> Kur<strong>de</strong>s adhérents<br />
à son amicale. c Nous<br />
sommes tous inqui<strong>et</strong>s <strong>de</strong>s<br />
mesures d'expulsJon c dit.il.<br />
• Cela a commencé à Dreux en<br />
octobre <strong>de</strong>rnier. Ali Ekbar<br />
Erlas, 24 ans, qui habitait<br />
avenue du Général-Leclerc, refugié<br />
politique lui aussi, a été<br />
envoyé à Istambul. Puis, ça été<br />
le tour <strong>de</strong> M. Kline ... c<br />
Toujours selon M. Sengul,<br />
M. Hassan Beli, également domicilié<br />
à Dreux, serait introuvable<br />
<strong>de</strong>puis le 17 novembre.<br />
• C<strong>et</strong> bomme n'a pas encore<br />
son statut <strong>de</strong> réfugié politi9.ue<br />
<strong>et</strong> sa carte <strong>de</strong> séjour nest<br />
valable que jusqu'au 5janvier.<br />
Il a pns peur <strong>et</strong> personne,<br />
parmi nous. ne Sdit où il est<br />
passé c.<br />
Le prési<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>de</strong> l'amicale<br />
<strong>de</strong>s travaillellrs turcs brandit<br />
un _journal d'opposition au<br />
ré~e turc, Hüniy<strong>et</strong> (la République).<br />
On y voit, en première<br />
page, la photographie d'un<br />
homme torse nu portant <strong>de</strong>s<br />
traces <strong>de</strong> brûlures. • Depuis<br />
1980, 250.000 personnes ont<br />
é~é ~onduites ~s <strong>de</strong>s prisons<br />
dlswnbul <strong>et</strong> d'Ankara c dit.il<br />
• Ceux qui ont trouvé refuge e~<br />
France ~ 'Olltpas tous la preuve<br />
<strong>de</strong> leur passge en prison. Ils<br />
rencontrent donc <strong>de</strong>s difficultés<br />
pour obtenir leur statut<br />
<strong>de</strong> r6fugiés politique. C'est le<br />
C4S <strong>de</strong> n~s trois camara<strong>de</strong>s c.<br />
M. Ali SenguI fait enfm<br />
appel aux démocrates pour<br />
qu'ils soutiennent activement<br />
la co'mmunauté Turque <strong>et</strong><br />
Kur<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Dreux.<br />
17
c!<br />
. ~ ._______ ~<br />
---~<br />
AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE DECEMBRE/87<br />
•<br />
l=' .... riC Eo -- l ~- ..= n- 1.(' r ~-. dis t .3 n<br />
Gr ve d~ la faim <strong>de</strong> s~mpalhisanls <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s pour p~olester conlre l'expulsion <strong>de</strong><br />
ré UGiés politiQues<br />
PAqIS, 18 déc (AFP) - Une dizaine <strong>de</strong> s~mpalhisants du Fronl <strong>de</strong> Libéralion<br />
nationale du Kurdislan onl enlamé Jeudi une Gréve <strong>de</strong> la faim illimilée dans<br />
l'éGlise Sainl-Merri ~ <strong>Paris</strong> pour prolesler conlre l'expulsion, mardi vers le<br />
Gabon, <strong>de</strong> trois réfUGiés politiQues lurcs, membres du Fronl.<br />
Selon un porle-parole du Comilé du Kurdislan à <strong>Paris</strong>, les trois personnes<br />
expulsées selon la procédure d'urGence absolue vers libreville, sonl <strong>de</strong>s<br />
~.'éf;o~Giéslalulai~'es el la décision <strong>de</strong> les expuls<strong>et</strong>' "esl illéGale". Les<br />
Grévistes <strong>de</strong> la faim <strong>de</strong>man<strong>de</strong>nl leur relour en France.<br />
~R~8724 4 ~ 0078 SU! /AFP-DM12<br />
Sl;:. ss e-F.o'.:?;,ce<br />
~: C0~5Ul~t <strong>de</strong> France à Zurich occupé par <strong>de</strong>s ~~r<strong>de</strong>s<br />
!!s o~t lous été con~~it_s ~I.l 0, n.stp_c'o o.c~ll'Co_ p,... ,..'...•'.'r',<br />
~ ~ ~- ~ 4 co~t~Ô!e dti~~~titè.<br />
Le c0~s~12t ; cortè plainte pour violation <strong>de</strong> ~o~~ci!e~<br />
rq~Q38~ ~ : C2S3 Fq~ /A~~-!~22<br />
r:- :.•.. :' ~ .:- .~ - \ '..i rO• .; s<br />
L Eo~. : >-.,) ~ S -: I~p-'cs C I (d ....~ Gi ~!.;. ~
•<br />
AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE<br />
I~' .ar: _C ~ a '":co?- Pg<br />
~a~i~pstatio~ ~e ~u~<strong>de</strong>5 ~eva~t l '~mbassado? ~e CAa~c. a ~~ ~a~e<br />
'-f. l..'AYE,~1 céc (l\'='P) - U~!!? t.~er"!taii""e <strong>de</strong> K""'<strong>de</strong>s Or-,t :':,)QI.lé- Vo?-i~!"'ec;<br />
penG&~t un~ heure l 'e~tré~ <strong>de</strong> ! '~~bassa<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> ~~~nce ~ La Ha~e ~o~r ~roles~e~<br />
'co~lre !es récentes expulsions vers le Gabon <strong>de</strong> réfUGiés i"'aniens <strong>et</strong>. t~"'cs ~~<br />
Fra~ce, a annoncé u~ porle-~2role <strong>de</strong> l'ambassa<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Selon ce porle-pa~ole, les ~a~ifestantsl Qui se réclime~t du "Fro,t ce<br />
Liberat.io~ du Kurdisla~", o~l remis A l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> u~e pétition ~ans la~ue:l.<br />
ils ex:ae~t le r<strong>et</strong>our <strong>de</strong>s op~osa~ts iraniens <strong>et</strong> d~ tro~s Ku~<strong>de</strong>s expulsés au<br />
<strong>de</strong>but ce c<strong>et</strong>te se~ai~e vers le Gabon pa~ les autorités ~ranca:ses.<br />
. Les ~anifestant.s, Qui menaÇaient d'.nta~er une G"'~ve ce 1~ ~ai~ ~evar~<br />
l'ambassa<strong>de</strong> s'ils r'obte~aie~t eas satisfaction, o~t Qu:tté les !~e~~ c!~~s 'f<br />
cal~e pe~ apr~s 12 ~eu"'es, S~'" j~Jo~ctio~ <strong>de</strong> la Do!:ce.<br />
C" .... ~ -. c~ -~-{ur'ce s<br />
?rot.estat.io~ <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong> aprés l'e~pulsion <strong>de</strong> trois Tu"'cs<br />
BRUXELLES, 11 déc (AFP) - Le représentant en ~uro~e ~~ e~0~~ Ce Li~è~atio-<br />
~al~on~~~ du Kurdistan (FLNK), M. Huse~in Vidi~i~, ~ ~~ot~st.é v~~d~~ci ~<br />
8rux~!:esl au cours d'une conférence <strong>de</strong> press~, co~t~~ !'ex?u!s~o~, ~~~ci<br />
d~~~ie~ vers le Ga~on, <strong>de</strong> trois ressortissants lu~cs d'0'-~ci~~ \~rce.<br />
Les trois Turcs ont été ~xouls~s e~ ~~~e t~~os O~D ~, ~:~0sa~~s Ir2~~~~S.<br />
Ces ~e~so~~es ~'étajent pa~ ~e~bres ~cti~s d'~"~ ~~~'-'~2~~~~ ~t~=~G?~~ o~<br />
~~~::~~ctl:~~:~ ;~~~:~:~;: ~:"~::~:~:?~,e:~~~::~~~~:i:~;c~~:<br />
~~~~:~:~'~:~:I~~è:i~~:~:~~~~:~~:~ii~~~:~<br />
~ •. :. -::'. -? = '.!'}' ~C ~ ~ 2 '3 31_~'''.?~. i?~t dO .ç-.;.~ . ..-.-:~ l't)':>j e+_ <strong>et</strong>=? C-')!)~.''''.: ~ 4:.-: 5 J '..'C, ~ C: ..;j '; ~.=S<br />
.-:: - ::. - (: -:' -'.=. \ .~. -? C -? v.~i-=:- ~_ !O ~ S ~t ,.-. '? ~ '< c !) 1s ~ s .'<br />
~ v ~ ~ ,:' ~." : ..... ~ ] eel"': s è ~.:~Sq:~d f?" 1.~ q c ~, ';. S'.' i:',-.\~,,;:. +_ ' _ '-.-:,"'- r.' -:- \.J I ~ +_ •• :". fi ~ :' f;<br />
r ,.,- -= " ,-,=, c ..... ~:: T I .I~. C: I.J !.;., ~:-.r' ~4 to'. ~':';. do? l .::' (1? "l" (\ C t... ~ +_ i,~ ,;:.. "'_ (1:"4<br />
~~)_.7-~''::' .'!,--. ,.,-i_ :=:'::;lSt'4 Ct?5 Il.~C~('~''~S sec •.."=,t~ll,,<br />
TurQuIe-Kur<strong>de</strong>s flti<br />
Des aGha <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s au parlement turc<br />
MARDIN (TurQuie), 7 <strong>de</strong>c (AFP) - Ils sont aGha --chefs <strong>de</strong> clans-- en pa~s<br />
<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, a l'extreme sud-est <strong>de</strong> la TurQuie. Ils ont choisi d'aller sieGer a la<br />
nouvelle assemblee nationale a Ankara, pour <strong>de</strong>fendre les droits <strong>de</strong> leur<br />
comoil.lnal.lte.<br />
Mais les aGha Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk <strong>et</strong> Nur<strong>et</strong>tin Yilmaz n'ont pas encot~e pris l'avion<br />
pour la capitale, une semaine apres leur triomphe aux elections leGislatives<br />
du 29 novembt'e. Ils resteront plusieurs Jours dans leurs fiefs pour celebrer<br />
leUt~ victoire.<br />
Au bout d'un chemin <strong>de</strong> terre, pres <strong>de</strong> Kiziltepe, a la frontiere s~rienne,<br />
la forteresse d'Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk est Gar<strong>de</strong>e par <strong>de</strong>s hommes e~ at~mes, le keffieh sur<br />
la t<strong>et</strong>e, <strong>de</strong>s cartouchieres barrant la poitrine. "Nous sommes en vend<strong>et</strong>ta avec<br />
d'autres familles <strong>de</strong> la reGion", expliQuera plus tard Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk dans la cour<br />
du chateau, dont les murs sont perces <strong>de</strong> meurtrieres.<br />
Dans une Gran<strong>de</strong> salle rectanGulaire chauffee par un poele, une centaine <strong>de</strong><br />
pa~sans sont assis sur <strong>de</strong>s coussins bro<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> fils d'or. TOllS parlent le <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>.<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk, un homme brun <strong>et</strong> sec d'une Quarantaine d'annees v<strong>et</strong>u d'un<br />
costume GrIS bien coupe, Quilte la place d'honneur, pour saluer les nouveaux<br />
arrivants <strong>et</strong> leur faire offrir une GorGee <strong>de</strong> cafe amer.<br />
If)
DECEMBRE/87<br />
turQuie-<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>s<br />
Des aGha<br />
flt2<br />
..----..------.--.---. ~--. ------------------.----.--- "- _A-<br />
-----:----.--- --,---. -. --~---------- •<br />
AGENCE :FRANCE PRESS'E<br />
MARDIN - Il expliQue Que sa famille esl proprielaire <strong>de</strong> 35.000 hectares<br />
dans la reGion. les mela~ers produisent du ble, <strong>de</strong> l'orGe <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong>s lenlilles.<br />
Mais il n'~ a pas assez d'eau pour faire du colon. "les choses vont peut-<strong>et</strong>re<br />
chanGer avec le proj<strong>et</strong> Gap", le GiGanteSQue chantier <strong>de</strong> bart'aGes <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
.s~stemes d'irriGation lance par le Gouvernement sur le TiGre <strong>et</strong> l 'Euphral~.<br />
Depuis plusieurs annees, Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk hesite entre la froh<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong> le jeu<br />
!politiQue leGal. Depute <strong>de</strong> 1973 a 1980, il a c~nnu <strong>de</strong>ux fois la prison, en<br />
i1981 <strong>et</strong> au <strong>de</strong>but <strong>de</strong> c<strong>et</strong>te annee, pour' 'aclivisme contre l'Etat" el<br />
lpropaGan<strong>de</strong> in<strong>de</strong>penda~liste. En clair, on,lui repr~che <strong>de</strong> soulen~r l~ parli <strong>de</strong>s<br />
travailleurs <strong>de</strong> Kurdistan (PKK, clan<strong>de</strong>stin) la principale OrGanisation <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong><br />
Ilen lutle arme~ conlre le pouvoir cenlra~: "le Gouvernemenl essaie <strong>de</strong> nous<br />
,faire laire, 11 aGit par la force", affirme Ahm<strong>et</strong> Turk.<br />
Tel est le but poursuivi par Nurellin Yilmaz,aulre seiGneur local, a<br />
'QuelQues dizaines <strong>de</strong> kilom<strong>et</strong>res plus a l'esl. lui aussi reclame la<br />
modification du co<strong>de</strong> penal turc, <strong>et</strong> la leGalisalion <strong>de</strong>s mouvemenls communisles<br />
el e;
• • DECEMBRE/87<br />
AGENCE<br />
FRi\NCE<br />
PRESSE<br />
MARDIN - Dans so~ fief <strong>de</strong> Cizre, une bourr.a<strong>de</strong> enva~li~ par <strong>de</strong>s milliers d~<br />
camions en transit vers l'irak, Nur<strong>et</strong>tin Yilmaz reGne en chef incvnte~te.<br />
Des Jours durant, pendant la campaGne electorale, la foule a '-rie<br />
"Nur<strong>et</strong>tln tl..4sauves l'est", "Yilmaz tl..1es le pIllS Gt~and".<br />
C<strong>et</strong> avocat trapu d'Une cinQuantaine d'ànnè~ ~ux chev~ux arGent~s, a Is<br />
moustache G~nereuse, a lui al.lssi <strong>et</strong>e arr<strong>et</strong>e ~our activite~ s~dili~uses <strong>et</strong><br />
propaGan<strong>de</strong> <strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong>, a lors QU' il mil ita it dans 1E< fo'Iol",v':>ll,enl P ....ur 1", pa ~>.:. " L.:-s<br />
diriGeants sont tres durs <strong>et</strong> meprisants a l'eGard d~s Gens d'ici ••. Il H a<br />
QuelQues annees encore, c<strong>et</strong>te reGion <strong>et</strong>ait un~ terre d'eXlI, Et ~~ur les<br />
fonctionnair'es, c'<strong>et</strong>ait I",nepunition d'~ <strong>et</strong>rE" E?nvo~e ••• La polic.e Frat.lIHl:tif.<br />
la terreur d'Elat", affirme-t-il<br />
Dans c<strong>et</strong> te "eG ion pl acel? sous 1e '~eGifîll? dl? l' .?tal d'ur Ge'l1
•<br />
~<br />
. ~ '<br />
nÏleIfiÎlltrli., .,."," Dlysibaklf Cezaevl'n<strong>de</strong>n tahl/ye edilmesln<strong>de</strong>n son~ra,<br />
Iklnel mutlulu~u sHfJ Mardin Mlll<strong>et</strong>veklll seçl/erek ya~ayan Ahm<strong>et</strong> TUrk, dan tarlhi<br />
K•• ,., K.neo ~atosunda, M<strong>et</strong>e Akyol'un da katlldlgl blr zlyaf<strong>et</strong> verdi. "Demokr •• I,ölenl"<br />
adl verI/en dav<strong>et</strong>te, Ahm<strong>et</strong> TUrk, yor sofralarmda konuklarma klzarm/~ kuzu <strong>et</strong>i Ikram<br />
<strong>et</strong>ti. Yemegln OstOne dav<strong>et</strong>filer "mm." içtiler. (FotoDr.f: ErtuDrul P/R/NÇÇ/O(}LU)<br />
~ KasP-1<br />
~ Kanco'da<br />
,enlik<br />
• M<strong>et</strong>e AKYOL<br />
• DIYARBAKIR'dan Vllz/yor<br />
• SHPDiyarbakir MIIl<strong>et</strong>vekill<br />
Türk, senllklere dO-<br />
!1ü~en kutlamalarda,<br />
partlslnln 76 oy farklyla<br />
kontenJan mlll<strong>et</strong>vekllllglnl<br />
ANAP'a kaptirmaSI<br />
yüzün<strong>de</strong>n sevlnclnln<br />
buruk oldugunu bellrttl<br />
lOMET Türk'ün- cezaevin--<br />
A <strong>de</strong>n tahhy~sini kutlamak<br />
amaelyla 10 gun once Kasr-I<br />
Konea'da ba~layan özgurlük ~öleni,<br />
miU<strong>et</strong>Vekiliseçilmesin<strong>de</strong>n sonra<br />
oneeki gün <strong>de</strong>mokrasi ~ölenine<br />
dönü~tü.<br />
Hamidiye Taburu Komutam<br />
olan <strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong>si HICl Sinan'm, Mardin'<br />
in Derik ilçesine bagh Ath köyün<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
bu tarihi ~atosunda ~imdi bin;<br />
leree ki~ilik Türk ailesi ve dosllan,<br />
yüzlerce ki~ilik yer sorralannda pilay<br />
ve kuzu k1zartmaIan yiyerek, al'-<br />
ran ve su içerek ailenin bugünkü en<br />
Hen ki~isi Ahmel Türk'ün mill<strong>et</strong>vekili<br />
seçilmesini kutluyorlar.<br />
Kasr-l Kancv'da pazartesi günü<br />
ögle yemegi ile ba~layan ve geeenin<br />
geç saatlerine kadar sûren ~olene<br />
Türk ailesi ve dostIanyla birlikte ben<strong>de</strong><br />
dav<strong>et</strong>liydim.<br />
istanbul' dan l.S saatlik bir uçak<br />
yoleulugundan sonra geldigim Diyarbakir<br />
Havaalaru'nda ev sahlplerim<br />
beni ozel bir otomo"ille aldllar,<br />
Kasr-I Kaneo'ya götürdüler.<br />
Kasr-I Kaneo $atosu 5 dönümlük<br />
blr alamn ortasmda kurulmu~tu.<br />
A1amn ~evrcsi 4 melre kahnhgmda<br />
suri aria ç,'vrihydi. Surlarda<br />
yer yer kuçuk peneereier yard!. 01-<br />
~anYI ~ozleme ve dl~anya kar~1 savunma<br />
amiielyla yapllan bu peneereler<strong>de</strong>n<br />
ba~ka Dir <strong>de</strong> geçit bo~lugu<br />
vardl surlarda.<br />
Çok yüksek <strong>de</strong>mir kapllarla örtülü<br />
bir ~eçit bo~luSunàan geçtik.<br />
Surlann iç böl~müne girdik.<br />
Kasr-I KaDco ~IOSU, yakla~l1kça<br />
büyüklügu daha da beliren bir<br />
dag zirvesi görkemiyle yükseliyordu<br />
kall:mlzda.<br />
~ato ve surlann arasmdaki alanda<br />
saYlslz olomobiller Sllalanml~tl.<br />
çogunur, b~lannda yöre<strong>de</strong> aga!<br />
<strong>de</strong>nilen heyaz önüler bulunan yüzieree<br />
ki~j, alanm bo~ bulabildikleri<br />
bölümkrind~ toplanml~lar bekliyorlard!.<br />
Surlann IÇbölümün<strong>de</strong>ki ayn bir<br />
yerle~im bölumlin<strong>de</strong>n Ulanan ta~<br />
merdivenler<strong>de</strong>n Ahmel Türk indi,<br />
merdivenler dlbin<strong>de</strong> bize "HOl<br />
gekliniz" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Ytizun<strong>de</strong> beliren sakallarmdan<br />
u,;-dört gundur lIral olmadlgl anla~i1lyordu_<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk'un avunlan çökmù~,<br />
gùzkrimn alund. jerin çukuriar<br />
olulmustu_<br />
"Cezaevin<strong>de</strong> Ülu1müllüm. Çakir<br />
Ç1kmlz ise, kendime bakmau<br />
final bullmadan propaganda çab~mllanal<br />
bqladJm" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Turn ailesi ve dostlan O"'1n mill<strong>et</strong>vekili<br />
seçilmesinin sevmcini y~arken,<br />
kendisi bu sevinçten en urak<br />
bir pay alamadl8tOl söyled!.<br />
Aksine, Mardin'<strong>de</strong>ki seçim sonuçlanndan<br />
da çok uzgun oldugunu<br />
bildirdi.<br />
"76 oy farktyla koalenjan mü-<br />
IelveldllliiDi ANAP'I klpllrdJk"<br />
<strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Kasr-I Kaneo'nun uzun salonlanndan<br />
birine goturdu beni Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Türk. Duvarlar boyunca üstleri hall<br />
kapb keçeler SIlalannu~lIyere. Bunlann<br />
üstün<strong>de</strong> konuklar bagda~ kurmu~lar,<br />
slrtlanm duvara dayarm~lardl.<br />
AyakkabllanrlUll kapl girilin<strong>de</strong><br />
çlkanp çoraplanrruzla salona girdlgimiz<strong>de</strong><br />
bu konuklann tünü bir<strong>de</strong>n<br />
ayaga kalklilar là tek ho~ geldiniz<br />
<strong>de</strong>diler.<br />
Salonun ba~ kOjesin<strong>de</strong> ÜSI uste<br />
dizili iki yasll8tn bir yanma beni aldllar,<br />
öte yanma Ahmel Türk<br />
olurdu.<br />
"Yeme!Oer gel.WJ" <strong>de</strong>di Ahm<strong>et</strong><br />
Tûrk.<br />
Once ortuler serildi salonur,<br />
onumuz<strong>de</strong>ki bolluguna. Sonra kuruf3.\ulye<br />
tabaklan ve pilav, kuzu<br />
klzartmasllepsileri g<strong>et</strong>irildi. iki ki.<br />
~inin !al1dl8t yuyarlak tepsiler<strong>de</strong> PIlav<br />
daglan yard!. Bu pilav daglar:.<br />
run çevreleri ve tepeleri ktzarllll~ ku.<br />
zu pa.rçalanyla bezenmi~tÎ.<br />
Ahmel Turk, latodaki teldonundan<br />
kendisini diger kentler<strong>de</strong>n<br />
araYlp kutlayan aostlanna te~kkûr<br />
e<strong>de</strong>rken, yemegini yedikten sonra Çlkan<br />
konuklanm ugurlul'or. bir yandan<br />
da avluda bekleyen konukJann-<br />
Jan SIlaSIgelip <strong>de</strong> içeri girenleri kar-<br />
~Ihyordu kaplda.<br />
Yeni<strong>de</strong>n sorr.lar k~ruluyor. )erlere<br />
yeni<strong>de</strong>n ortüler serilivor. tepsi<br />
tepsi pilavlar kuru klzartmalan ge-<br />
Iiyordu le yüzlerce kilÎ >eni<strong>de</strong>n lemege<br />
ba~hl'ordu.<br />
Ahmel Türk'un m1l1<strong>et</strong>\ekJliseçiimesi<br />
vc bir daha kolal' kolaI' cezaevine<br />
girmel'ccegi olaYI kutlalll-<br />
)ordu. Gun<strong>de</strong> 3 bIO ki\;ye verikn<br />
brufasulyeh pilaI ve kuzu kllartmal;<br />
gorkcmh ll:.af<strong>et</strong>lerle.<br />
Termi.m.an<br />
2.12.87<br />
Pli,sa<br />
çacukdaha<br />
kaçlrdl<br />
(Tercü-<br />
Silopi<br />
D tYARBAKIR.<br />
mln)-- Mardin'in<br />
ve Midyat ilçelerine ba~h 5<br />
koye baskm düzenleyen bir<br />
grup bölücü eS;C1ya toplaUi<br />
34 çocu~u cla~a kaçudl.<br />
Alman bilgiye göre, önceki<br />
gün saat 20.30 Slralannda<br />
önce Silopi ilçesinin Balhkaya<br />
köyüne gelen sayllan belirsiz<br />
bir grup bölüeü ~klya,<br />
kimli~i henüz tesbit edilemeyen<br />
4 ÇOC\l~U dajta kaçlrdl.<br />
Daha soma Midyat'lI;<br />
Dergeçit bucatma bagh KuSlu::a,<br />
Onnaniçi, Kun<strong>de</strong>re ve<br />
Kuruea köylerine gelen e~klya<br />
grubunun, bu köyler<strong>de</strong>n<br />
<strong>de</strong> 5-IO'ar ki$i arasmda topla!n<br />
30 çoeugu kaçlrdlgl belirtildi.<br />
Olay üzerine bölge<strong>de</strong><br />
geni~ ';aph operasyon ba$la-<br />
I1ldl~J bildirildi.<br />
23
..<br />
3 •.12.87<br />
PKR'ya kar'I.PUMA~bdü~:'~~:=:"<br />
OFransa'dan klralanan 11puma hellkopterlyle<br />
özel timler, stcak bölgeler<strong>de</strong>kl len Alman ve Isvlçre patentll "smotrl"<br />
.Her türlü engebell arazl<strong>de</strong> kullanllabl.<br />
operasyonlarda kolayllkla Indlrme tanklarl da Uluda(j'In zlrvelerln<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>.<br />
yapabllecek<br />
nendl ve be(jenlldl<br />
DIYARBAKIR, MIL.HA<br />
10 ILAÖANÜSTÜ Hal Böige Valiligi'nce Güneydogu yöresin<strong>de</strong> kul.<br />
lamlmak üzere gelirilen Puma he1ikopterleri hizm<strong>et</strong>e gir~i,<br />
Güneydogu yöresin<strong>de</strong> yaklajlk üç Ylldan beri <strong>de</strong>vam e<strong>de</strong>n teror<br />
olaylanna kar~l güvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>lerince kullamlmak üzere Fransa'dan ki.<br />
ralanan Puma helikopterlerin<strong>de</strong>n .l'ü, geçtigimiz hafta için<strong>de</strong> Diyarba.<br />
klr'a g<strong>et</strong>irildi.<br />
türlü ate~li silahlara dayamkh<br />
çelili zuhlarla donat1ld1&J helinili<br />
yor. Hassas bö1gelere, Puma heli<br />
kopteri<strong>et</strong> le özel timler kolayhkla<br />
indirme yapabileœk.<br />
.k<strong>et</strong> .<strong>de</strong> morile ediJebiliyor, Puma<br />
helikopterleri, nakliye ve harekât<br />
alanlannda dünyamn en geli~mi~ ve<br />
en hlzh helikopterleri arasmda yer<br />
al1yor.<br />
SMOTRI'LER DENENDI<br />
Öte yandan, SIßlr boylannda ve<br />
terörün yogun oldugu klrsal böigeler<strong>de</strong><br />
kullamlmaSl dÜ$ünülen Fe<strong>de</strong>ral<br />
Almanya ve Isviçre patentli<br />
"Smolri" tanklan. Uludag'm zirvelerin<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>nendi.<br />
Saatte 290 kilomelre hlz yapabilen<br />
Puma 'Iar, 20 milim<strong>et</strong>relik iki<br />
top ~Iyor. Helikopterler<strong>de</strong> aynca<br />
7.62'lik iki makineli tüfek <strong>de</strong> !lulu-.<br />
nuyor, Puma 'lara, gerektigin<strong>de</strong> rosöz<br />
6.12.87<br />
• I ~ •• ~<br />
Seri operasyonlar sonucu gùç kaybe<strong>de</strong>n örgüt strateji <strong>de</strong>mtirdi<br />
PKK'nm ifresi özüIdü<br />
• ÎStihbarat birinùen yeni ÖrgùlleIimey'i~Çöiiierll!l'lœn Apo'nun.1 Çulloh ö."w,'m ,.rn dU","""", ._,<br />
yazlSlyla örgüt elemanlarma gön<strong>de</strong>rdigi einirleri <strong>de</strong> eIe geçirdi,EIe orgutun strateji ve taktigim,8tÙl!-tankendl ~l<br />
. . .. yaZlSI):'lakaleme ahnan emlrlen <strong>de</strong> eIe,geÇlgeçen<br />
belgeIe'r arasmda yem ~ifte alfabe <strong>de</strong> var ..' rildi. Orgüt elemanlanna <strong>de</strong>rs niteligi <strong>de</strong> ~I-<br />
. yan emirler 15 ana noktadan 61u~uyor. EIeçok<br />
dl1UIenlne gen~l<strong>et</strong>ilm~ örgüUenme mo- geçirilen belgelere göre Apo elemanlanm.<br />
o.eliyerini "Kavak agacl" adl verilen daral- "Gözcü noktasmdabulunmasi gereken al<strong>et</strong>-<br />
Sabri CANBEVLl / Ankara<br />
• ~". ". tiJ.ml~boyuna uzayan mo<strong>de</strong>le blrakt!. Yeni 1er, silahlara ait teknik bi1giler, karriuflaj bi-<br />
Do~ ve \.T,u~eydo~ Anadolu Bolgelerm- örgütlenme<strong>de</strong> olu~turulan ''Koordlnasyon çimleri, pusu kurma ve gerekleri, saldm ve<br />
<strong>de</strong> g,~,çekle~tmlen sen operasyonlardan son- , hücresl" direk merkez komiteye baglandl. savunmada yapùacak ~lerle komutamn gÖo<br />
:.a ç.okme .noktasma gelen. PKK adl1 aynhkçl Yerel lEmlsilciliklerle askeri ve propaganda revleri, askeri örgüUenme, silahh çat~mada<br />
orgut yemd~n l?parla?abllmek am!!C1ylaha- hücreleri ise koordinasyon hücresine bagh yerle~me biçimleri, Istihbilrat, polis operasrek<strong>et</strong>e<br />
geçtI, Ll<strong>de</strong>rlen Abdullah Ocalan'm . "yonlarmm taktigi, psikolojik sav~ taktikleri,<br />
b k I • d to I PKK " t d" "olarak çah~lrken merkez komlteyle hlç blr ~ 1 l' k h "<br />
a~ an 19m a p anan us uzey yo- k'ld -,' k" kl P d gerilla laa iy<strong>et</strong> erme ar~1 a nan onlemler,<br />
n<strong>et</strong>icileri eylemlerle ilgili strateji ve taktik- ~e I e ~~" lye gi~meyece er." ro~agan a <strong>de</strong>vrimci güçlerin emniy<strong>et</strong> cihazl, ~antaj yön-.<br />
ler<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>gi~iklik yaptl, ve ask~,n hucr~ler ISe saYllan bolgemn ko~u- temleri, tuzak yöntemleri ve aYllklanma"<br />
PKK üst düzey yöncticilerlnin loplantlsml luna .g~;,e <strong>de</strong>~ecek ~plara aY:lldl. :~r~l konularmda uyanyor.<br />
ögrenen istihbarat birimleri klsa bir çah~ma- ~msi1~h~kler Sekr<strong>et</strong>er ,~dlv~nlen kl~m~ Öte y,andan eIe geçen belgelere göre Abdan<br />
sonra yeni örgütlenme mo<strong>de</strong>liyle, strate- , on~erligi~<strong>de</strong> çal~ac~k, Yorel~n~ aske:I, ,~I- du11ahOcalan örgüte uyan, <strong>de</strong>rs ve emirleriji<br />
ve taktigi ortaya çlkarttIlar, Bu arada istih- y~SI,mali, ka,d!l: or~t1enme, ~çl-gençlik or. ni "KANt" kod adlyla gön<strong>de</strong>riyor. .<br />
barat elemanlar,l örgütün yeni ~ifre alfabe- ~t~~nme, k~y ~rgu~lenm~ ,,-e,memur-esnaf PKK, bir süre önce Merkez Komitesi'n<strong>de</strong><br />
siyle Abdullah Ocalan'm el yazlSlyla örgütü- 0Egutlellmesl ~lerlyle Ilgih sorumlular <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>ki~lklik yapm~, Türkiye'<strong>de</strong> görev yapane<br />
gön<strong>de</strong>rdigi emirlerl <strong>de</strong> eie geçirdiler, sozkonusu sekr<strong>et</strong>ere bai~1 olarak çal~acak- cak yenl böige. sorumlulan atam~l.<br />
lstihbarat birimlerinin belirlemelerine gö- lar, PKK'mn yön<strong>et</strong>ici kadrosunda yapt$ <strong>de</strong>ki'<br />
re ~u anda "Cmar agacl" olarak adlandmlan APO'NUN. EMIRLERI. Bu arada PKK li<strong>de</strong>rl ,ikllk <strong>de</strong> Istihbarat elemanla.nnca belirlendi.,<br />
. 6. 12 ,B 7<br />
Günevdogu'ya<br />
silah izni. ..<br />
• Jüneydogu Anadolu halklna. silahlallnl<br />
serbestc;;e ta:;Jlma hakkl tanlndl.<br />
Olaoanüstü Hal Böige Valiligi'ne<br />
bagll illar<strong>de</strong> ya$ayanlara, kaynei'll<br />
sorulmadan, silahlarlnl bulundurma<br />
va ta~lma ltni verilecek.<br />
NKARA. (Hüttl\'!!!)-. tJllI~uniblU Il,,1<br />
A l3iill(e \'allli~I'lle. hll blllgl'<strong>de</strong> olUtilllllttll'<br />
IJn~1UtUlutllll.t'til1f'. l1le~li ,111IhllltIIl1l. nll'Il~e1~:<br />
.int, bakdlllAk,;ltl11 IU~IIlIH ,.ey" hullln~lutl11~"<br />
ruh8!1l1 v<strong>et</strong>ille vl'lkü;i ((11111101.He,;1111 (;n.<br />
I.t'll"rll' dlin yuy,.nIHIll111kUl11ln hUklniindt. k".<br />
~4<br />
tllrllnnWYI' ~otl', rlulldl'll illlmrl'll 4:, ~1I1l1\'1l111{'<br />
h"~I'Utlltuk nlh~lIl nlnlliur hukkilldu, hu ,IJI'"<br />
it;indl' ~ilah l!l~ll11a VI' hlllulllllltnlUl'l ) u,uk.<br />
Iuyun )'UHII il\' TUrk (\'I.U l\unllnu'null iI~111<br />
hiikiJl11lctl UI.MlIlunn1ul'ut'uk,<br />
!:lu kUlludn !l
•<br />
Tereüman<br />
_",_:_,'_'_ ~1--6-A-R-AL-'K-19-87-P-A-ZA-R---l ;:<br />
Hürri~<strong>et</strong> 7.12.87<br />
Asker<br />
ögr<strong>et</strong>menler<br />
Genelkurmay Ba~kanllgl'n1n uygun gèJrmesi halin<strong>de</strong><br />
MEGSB èJgr<strong>et</strong>men ihtiyaclnl ordudan karSI/ayacak<br />
ANKARA. Milli Egitim Gençlik<br />
ve Spor Bakanligl, Genelkurmay<br />
B~kanll8i'nm uygun görmesi halin.<br />
<strong>de</strong> ogr<strong>et</strong>men ihtiyacml ordudan kar,<br />
illayabilecek. SaYI~tay, MEGSB ile<br />
Milli Savunma Bakanh8i tarafmdan<br />
ortakla~a hamlanan uygulamaya<br />
ili~kin yon<strong>et</strong>melik tasla8iDl mali<br />
yon<strong>de</strong>n ineeleyerek MSB'na gön.<br />
<strong>de</strong>rdi,<br />
Milli Savunma Bakanh8i'nm uy.<br />
gulamaya ili~kin yon<strong>et</strong>meligi, Res.<br />
mi Gaz<strong>et</strong>e'<strong>de</strong> yaymlanmak ûzere ya.<br />
kmda Ba~bakanhk 'a vermesi beklemyor.<br />
"Asker iigr<strong>et</strong>meDler"in ozellikle,<br />
EI3Z1g,Bmgol, Tunedi, Van, Diyar.<br />
baklr, Mardin, Siirt, Hakkân, Bitlis,<br />
Mu~, Adlyaman, Agn, Erzincan,<br />
Erzurum, Gumil~hane, Kahra.<br />
manmaral, Kars, Malatya. Sivas ve<br />
~anhurfa'da gorC\Icndlrilmesi planlanlvor.<br />
UYCULAMA NASIL<br />
~_~.!RÇEKLE'_ECEK __<br />
MEGSB kadrolannda ogmrnen<br />
olarak gorev yapanlar Ile mesl~ ogrflmen<br />
ol1n, ancak bu goreve ballamamlj<br />
olanlal. lemci askerhk eg;o<br />
limlerin<strong>de</strong>n sonra MEGSB emrine<br />
verilecekler. Eger, MEGSB emrine<br />
verilen ögr<strong>et</strong>menler ihliyaci kar~llamazsa,<br />
yilksekokul mezunlan, bunlar<br />
da ihtiyaci kar$llamazsa, lise ve<br />
<strong>de</strong>ngi okul mezunu yükümlûler, temel<br />
askerlik eiitimin<strong>de</strong>n sonra<br />
MEGSB emrine verilecekler,<br />
Uygulamaya ba$landlil tarihle,<br />
Silâhh Kuvv<strong>et</strong>ler'<strong>de</strong> ye<strong>de</strong>ksubay ala<br />
13k yûkûmlûlûgünû yenne g<strong>et</strong>irmek.<br />
te olan ögr<strong>et</strong>menler, MEGSB'na<br />
bagh okullarda geri kalan hizm<strong>et</strong>lerini<br />
tamamlayacaklar. Terhislerine<br />
kadar Silâhh Kuvve<strong>de</strong>r'e i1i$kileri<br />
kesilmeyecekolan ba dururndaki yü:<br />
kûmlüler, maa$lanijl aynen almay'l<br />
<strong>de</strong>vam e<strong>de</strong>cekler. Bunlara ögmmen:<br />
likte1 dolaYI aynca ûcr<strong>et</strong> ö<strong>de</strong>nmeyece'
..<br />
DEVAn<br />
KÜRTLER<br />
eyäl<strong>et</strong>i, politik ve Ylklel faaliy<strong>et</strong>le<br />
bulunmaslnl yasak la-<br />
VIel karar alml~, kendisin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
bundan böyle, tahrik ediei,<br />
ça~nlanna son vermesini istemi~tir.<br />
Buna kar~1 gelmek,<br />
suç te~kil e<strong>de</strong>r, eezaYI gerektirir.<br />
Aynea, Kur'an okulu diye<br />
adlandmlan Kaplan'In<br />
Köin'<strong>de</strong>ki çoeuk yurdunun<br />
<strong>de</strong>vam <strong>et</strong>mesi <strong>de</strong> yasaklanml~l1r:'<br />
"Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Almanya'daki<br />
35m Kürt kurulu~lan ar3SIndaki<br />
çal1~malann, lolerans<br />
Slnmnl çok geçti~ini" säyleyen<br />
Spranger "Alman topraklannda,<br />
bu kurulu~lann<br />
aralannda üstünlük sava5ma<br />
girip, sidd<strong>et</strong>e basvurrnalarma<br />
izin vererneyiz. Göz yurnarnaYlz.<br />
Bu kuruluslarln<br />
ölümle sonuçlanan son kanh<br />
eylernleri sebebiyle Fe<strong>de</strong>ral<br />
Savclhk genis kapsarnh sorusturrna<br />
açmlsur. Hâlâ <strong>de</strong>yam<br />
<strong>et</strong>rnektedir. Arnaç, olaylann<br />
sorumlulanl11n, bu kuruluslann<br />
için<strong>de</strong> bir ter6risi<br />
grubun i~i olup olmadl~lnt<br />
açlga çlkarrnakur" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
ILTICACILAR<br />
MESELESI<br />
Alrnanya'ya gelerek siyasi<br />
'sl~lnma talebin<strong>de</strong> bulunan<br />
Türkler'in, gerçek arnaelnln,<br />
ülkelerin<strong>de</strong> politik takibata<br />
u~ramaktan kaçmak <strong>de</strong>~il.<br />
burada çahsmak oldu~unu<br />
belirten Fe<strong>de</strong>ral lçisleri Bakanh~1<br />
Müstesan Carl-Di<strong>et</strong>er<br />
Spranger, iltiea aklrnll11n ön,<br />
lenmesi için Bonn Hükürn<strong>et</strong>i'nin,<br />
Türk Hükürn<strong>et</strong>Î ile <strong>de</strong><br />
isbirli~i için<strong>de</strong> .oldugunu<br />
söyledi.<br />
Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Alrnanya'ya 100<br />
bin kisinin iltiea <strong>et</strong>ti~ine dikkat<br />
çeken Spranger, bu saYIl11nAvrupa<br />
Siyasi SI&1nrna isternin<strong>de</strong><br />
bulunanlann yan,<br />
smdan fazlaslnl teskil <strong>et</strong>ti~ini<br />
belirterek "fe<strong>de</strong>ral daire"<br />
nin kabul <strong>et</strong>ti~i iltiea oram;<br />
bugün, yüz<strong>de</strong> IO'un altln3'<br />
düsrnüslÜr" <strong>de</strong>di. Bununi<br />
her on kisi<strong>de</strong>n 9'unun, ger-:<br />
çek arnaclnln iltiea dlsmda<br />
baska sebeblere dayandli\111I<br />
gösterdigini vurgulayan<br />
Spranger, bu konudaki sorumuza<br />
su cevabl verdi: "Bune<br />
lann Almanya'ya geliS se bebi,<br />
ülkelerin<strong>de</strong> politik takiba.:<br />
ta u~ramalan <strong>de</strong>j!il pk"",,-<br />
rnik ne<strong>de</strong>nlere dayanmaktadir.<br />
Bunu önlemek için belli<br />
ülke vatandaslan için vize<br />
'mecburiy<strong>et</strong>i koyduk. Aynea;<br />
1987 Ylh basmda ilticacllann.<br />
çahsrna izni almalanndah<br />
bekleme süresini 2 ytldan S'<br />
Ylla çlkardlk. ßöylece, ger-'<br />
çekte Almanya'ya çahsmaK<br />
için gelen sahte iltieaellara,<br />
bunun mümkün olamayaca~;<br />
111 açlkça ortada oldu~unu<br />
göstermck istedik. Fe<strong>de</strong>ral<br />
hüküm<strong>et</strong> gclisrnekri yakm-'<br />
dan izlcrnekledir. MeseleYI<br />
vakmen bilen Türk Hükürnc"<br />
ii ile <strong>de</strong> isbirli~i için<strong>de</strong>dir:'.<br />
BazI iltieaellann, yasak ol~<br />
masma ra~men siyasi faaliy<strong>et</strong>te<br />
bulunrnalanl11n hal1rla-<br />
11lrnasl üzerine <strong>de</strong>, Almanya',<br />
da anayasanm öngördü~ii,<br />
düsünce ve gösteri yürüyü~li<br />
gibi ternel hak ve hürriy<strong>et</strong>lerin<br />
yaban<strong>et</strong>lar için <strong>de</strong> geçerli<br />
oldu~unu vurgulayan Spran-<br />
e Mardin'in<br />
ger "Ancak, yabancllann,<br />
toplum düzenini bozacak,<br />
güvenli~i tehlikeye dÜsilrecek<br />
siyasi faaliy<strong>et</strong>te bulunmalan<br />
yasakur. Örnegin, cemiy<strong>et</strong>ler<br />
kuruluS amaçlarl dlsmda asln<br />
faaliy<strong>et</strong> gösterdikleri zaman,<br />
ilgili makamlann karanyla<br />
kapal1labilirler" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
YABANCILAR<br />
YASASI<br />
1965'<strong>de</strong> yürürlil~e giren<br />
Yabanellar YasaSl'l11n, günün<br />
ihtiyaçlanna eevap vermekten<br />
uzak kaldl~ma isar<strong>et</strong><br />
e<strong>de</strong>n Milstesar Spranger "Fe<strong>de</strong>rai<br />
hükllm<strong>et</strong>in, parlamento'nun<br />
bu yasama dönemin<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Yabanellar yasasml temel<strong>de</strong>n<br />
yeni<strong>de</strong>n düzenleyip, güniln<br />
ihtiyaçlanl11 karsllayacak<br />
hale g<strong>et</strong>irip, aile birlesmesin<strong>de</strong><br />
tek tip uygulama<br />
g<strong>et</strong>irileeegini" söyledi. Anayasa<br />
Mahkemesi'nin son ka-'<br />
ranyla, eslerin bekleme 5üresi<br />
bütlin eyal<strong>et</strong>ler<strong>de</strong> bir Ylla indirilecek.<br />
.<br />
Tercfunan<br />
Guvcnlik kuvvctlerinin "Dur" itltarll10<br />
atesle karSlllk verdiler<br />
7.12.87 Derik'te7 bölücü<br />
terörist öldürüldü<br />
8.12~87<br />
Derik ilçesin<strong>de</strong><br />
güvenlik kuw<strong>et</strong>leriyle silahll<br />
çatl$maya giren 7 bölücü<br />
terörist öldürüldü.<br />
çatl$mada 2 er <strong>de</strong> $ehit 01-<br />
du<br />
.Ölq..~larakeJ~. Qeçirilen 7<br />
terorlstten 2'5mm Nusaybin<br />
sorumlusu Nezir Yavuz<br />
ve Davut Ekinci<br />
oldugu belirlendi<br />
r:ö' 'l NeE KI gün. Derik yakmla.<br />
I ~ nndaki olaylar iileril1l'. ope-<br />
- ra,'I'onlanl1l,lIrduren gllven.<br />
l,. ~uçleri, (jlingùr~n hiyii yakm-<br />
I.!r:n"a ~'l 2 I(röri"i nlli olarak <strong>de</strong><br />
g~,irdi,<br />
(jllldik lll\T<strong>et</strong>ll'ri lararlndan<br />
~!Irdllrllkn opera,yonl;;r S1r~smda<br />
KI/lil~rl' limine b,l~1t{ilingören ku-<br />
',II I "llllllll'"kj ~'irrn;lIiarad" k,SII'<br />
nl";l Il,' ll'rOn
söz<br />
Can<br />
Yiice1<br />
10.12.87<br />
Ha. ym Kürtten<br />
kimkorkar?<br />
Kürt kirnt.. Etnik tdris!.. Ner<strong>de</strong> 0 Selahattin-i<br />
Eyubi? .. Yak, efendim. 6y1e<br />
b!fly yokl.A1Wiui 8QnQ. ok1,ayQr1ar<br />
c:anmuzL .. Makam1an: KURD1Yt lU.<br />
CAZKAR ...<br />
söz<br />
12..12.87<br />
PKK'Cllar Afrika'ya sürgün<br />
Emr. AYGEN I Brüksel<br />
tsviçre, tsveç ve Almanya'dan sonra Fransa<br />
da PKK'c)lara cephe aldl.<br />
FranslZ hüküm<strong>et</strong>i üç PKK'C1)'1 öncekl gün<br />
Afrtka'daki Gabon ü1kesine sürlÜne rän<strong>de</strong>rdi<br />
PKK'nm Brüksel'<strong>de</strong> üst!enen Avrupa<br />
temsUclllIi dün blr basm toplant1l1 dOzenteyerek,<br />
Franllz hüküm<strong>et</strong>lnin Pt.m'te görev<br />
yapan IsmaU Onran, Kaya Oz<strong>de</strong>mlr ve<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Seyhan adIJ militanlarmm Gabon'a<br />
gön<strong>de</strong>rilmeslnl protesto <strong>et</strong>ti,<br />
PKK Avrupa Temsilclliil adma basin top-<br />
!antIsI düzenleyen Avukat HÜ8eySn YaldJnm,<br />
blr soru üzerine PKK davumdan yaril-<br />
!anarak hapis yatan NlU'<strong>et</strong>tln Yalmaz ve<br />
Ahm<strong>et</strong> Türk'ün ANAP ve SHP'<strong>de</strong>n mecllse<br />
Jirme1erini <strong>de</strong>prlend1rdi.<br />
PKK sözcüsü YIld1nm fÖyle konuotu:<br />
"Ben her Ikisiyle <strong>de</strong> hapis yattun, Her ikisi<br />
açllmdan da ,unu söyleyebllirim ki, cezaevln<strong>de</strong><br />
blr onur saV"1 verdiler.<br />
Nur<strong>et</strong>tln Yllmaz Ise 3 kez hapis yatU ve i$kence<br />
gördü. ANAP'tan meclise girmt!kle<br />
kondi kendine Ihan<strong>et</strong> l'tmi$tir,<br />
ANAP'm Yllrt:\llz'1 öne ç1kartmasl KalOran<br />
tnan'a dayanan Ozl\'ln blr Kürt operasyonudur"<strong>de</strong>dl,<br />
~<br />
10.12.87<br />
• Türk "üküme~l, bölücü örgü~e <strong>de</strong>5~ek olunmllmll5,n, 15~edl<br />
•<br />
~!~'h:.i~"~~,"!k~~~:~'II'_<br />
Izledltllarafmhk poUtlkuuua holulmUl<br />
. lindc yak.alanan Iran'li ml' kilerin<strong>de</strong> veni bir sorunun patlak vermesine VOl açtl yddJr Iran-Irak sa~nda izJedigita.<br />
<strong>de</strong>mektlr."<br />
tisler, Turk.Iran ~kdcnndc yem blr J I rafSlZhkpohtikasma gölge dülüren<br />
sorunun patlak vermesmc yol açlJ. L • Nur BATUR • ANKARA . bir olay. Irak'l da huzursul <strong>et</strong>mil<br />
Bu olay sonucu milis (Pastar) durumda ve önlenmesi kaçmllmaz.<br />
kamplannda PKK teronstlennin ba- "PIStielir" , ordunun d.lha \(1!".' l if'" 'Jd" ,a<strong>de</strong> eal. • Bu IJ'Uplar, Türldye lçin<strong>de</strong> f~'<br />
nnd1~ ve e~~ ~ordugu ?nava ok- Ylllardaon plana ~,kmasma ragmen, Ancak, son Ikl ay lçm<strong>de</strong> smln lem Ylpmak !çln <strong>de</strong> celmi, ollbi.<br />
tl Turk hukumen, PKK ya,dcstek yine <strong>de</strong> eski gùçlenni koruyorlar. izinsiz olarak geçen kalabahk Pas. Ur, TflpltJen côn, Putlr kamp.<br />
olunmamasl konusunda Iran I uyar. Çùnku, bu gruplar lIumeyni le Is. tir gruplannm yakalanmasl, olaym Ilnndl <strong>et</strong>itlm cönn Pl{)( teröel~tdl<br />
. lam DCl'rimi'nin en sadlk guçlen boyutlannm genillemesine yol aç- 1er! Putlr Iuyafellliyiyorllr, Bu<br />
OLAY NASIL PATLAK VERDI? olarak taIllIllY0r. tl Türk makamlannm elin<strong>de</strong> yak- bllumdan, bunllr Putlr oldukll'<br />
Turk makamlan, Gùneydogu Pastarlann Tùrk smlnna yakm lallk 60 Iranh milis bulunuyor. nm lÖylemelerlDe klf1ln, Türkibolgesin<strong>de</strong><br />
yakalanan baZIterönst- bolgeler<strong>de</strong> bulunan kamplannda O~AY,!N.,Y~~IyONÜ IR~K 6l Je'<strong>de</strong> eylem Ylpml Olulhkllnmn<br />
lenn lerdi~ bilgller<strong>de</strong>n, son donem. PKK teroristlerinin e~tim go,dugu "I,P.~~n grupta~ ~i~~,kTi ~_ dl d1kk~te_ahnlDUl .re~.klyor.<br />
<strong>de</strong> PKK'nmlran'da da bannak bul. Ankara tarafmdan sapr.anmlj du. Ç11enrun"""am <strong>et</strong>rneslUltnne ùn Bu hükum<strong>et</strong> y<strong>et</strong>kilisi, OIay ber<br />
maya b~ladl~11JsaptadJ. Bu ilk tes- rumda. Halla, PKK teroristlerinin makamlan, bu kez olaym bi~ bBl- Ipdln bid IOn <strong>de</strong>nce rabllm fl.<br />
pillen, daha soma ei<strong>de</strong> edilen bil- Paslar klyaf<strong>et</strong>iyle gezdikleri <strong>de</strong> be- ka yönünü a~rhkla eie almaya bBl' mil dun:mdl" <strong>de</strong>rken, Milliyel'e<br />
giler <strong>de</strong> dogrular nitelikteydi, An. lirtiliyor. ladJ. Türk makamlannm üzerin<strong>de</strong> lunlan söyledi:<br />
cak, yaktallk 5 ay once kalabahk .,5 ~Yönce kal:lbahk Pastar gru- durdugu iki nokta löyle: "Tüm)'e, bu durumu ô~lemek<br />
bir grup milisin smln geçerken l'a. bunun yakalanmmndan iOnra Iran • iran'dan Irak Kürtlerine <strong>de</strong>s- Iorundl, Bu crupllnn .lrlk I kir.<br />
kaJanmasl Tùrk makamlanmn olav hükùm<strong>et</strong>i nezdin<strong>de</strong> yapllan girilim- tek: l' eylem Ylpmlk Yf Kurtlm <strong>de</strong>s.<br />
uzerin<strong>de</strong>ki sorulturmaYI <strong>de</strong>rinlellIr- <strong>de</strong>, PKK'nm iran'da üslenmesine iran yön<strong>et</strong>iminin, savBlI kazan. lek vermek !çin ~rk toprlkllnm<br />
mesine yol açlJ. izin verilmemesiuyansl yapdd:. An- mak için Irak'a k8rl 1 iç ayaklanma k~Uln~a1lnnl inn verm~.kmu~'<br />
Iran'da ~ah'm <strong>de</strong>vrilmesi le cak iran hükümellnin yanlll "Tür- harek<strong>et</strong>lerini ve yillardJr sÜfensilahb ku <strong>de</strong>iU. TabU Pl{)( te~rls~~-<br />
Humeyni yon<strong>et</strong>munin Ijball/la gel- kiye a1eybin<strong>de</strong> loprlkllnndl ber. Kürt harek<strong>et</strong>ini <strong>de</strong>stekledisi biIini- IÙII PutIr kepbrmda ejllm gormesiyle<br />
"PIStiriO" ad! verilen ye. bang! bir rlali~'ele izln verilmeye- yor. Aym ~kil<strong>de</strong> Irak da,lran'da- meier! <strong>de</strong> yen! bir oilY ve bid rani<br />
hlr guç olujtu Humej'oi ~on<strong>et</strong>J- cegi" yo!un1a o!du. Ayr.1 zaman- ki Kürtlere <strong>de</strong>slek verlyor. balm edlyor. tm mlkamllnm.<br />
ml, ~ah yaniisi olarak <strong>de</strong>gerlendir. da smIn izinsiz geç~n grubun ia<strong>de</strong>- Pastarlann geçii lerl daima ~_ ba durumn öniemelin!lsledik.<br />
dlgi Iran ordusuna guvenmedigiiçin' si istendi. dinli yakmlannda uçgen jeklio<strong>de</strong>~i "Tück 10prakllnllUl kaUIIIIIgençlcr<strong>de</strong>n<br />
olujan ve mllis mteli8in. Ankara, bu rur oiaylanr, tekrar- bölge<strong>de</strong> gerçekl~iyor ve bunlann mUlnl &fllnce, baal da IzIn nr<strong>de</strong>b<br />
"Paslar" orgulunu kurdu lanmamasl uyarlSl yaparû Pullr Kuzey Irak'a geçmek istediklerl ~n. memlz 101 kona •• olea, Çünkü.<br />
bu darum Türklye'n!a 7 yddu<br />
Tercüman<br />
10.12.87<br />
Irak'tan<br />
kaçan<br />
56 Türk<br />
Barzanl'nln<br />
hlmayeslne<br />
allndl<br />
M.Ala ACAT<br />
NUSA\uiN, (fercümln). Irak<br />
huküm<strong>et</strong>inin basklsmdan kaçan 56<br />
Turk aSllh koyluyu KDP (Kurdis-<br />
{;ln Demokral Partisi) lidcri Barz.a.<br />
nïnin kcndi himayesine aldlgl bil.<br />
dirildi.<br />
Irak'!an korsan yaym yapan KOP<br />
(Kurdistan Dl'mokrat Partisi) rad.<br />
yo
~<br />
19.12.87<br />
.• y ön<strong>et</strong>melik<br />
Ba~bakanhk'ta<br />
ASKER<br />
ögr<strong>et</strong>menler<br />
~örevine b~(adiklan tarih~ itiban:n astegmenJer için beIirlenen ayhk,<br />
o<strong>de</strong>nek, yardlm ve tazmlOatiardan yararlanabiliyor.<br />
, Il U saylll kanun~ tabi ö~r<strong>et</strong>men yüküml~ler<strong>de</strong>n, a.skerlik önce.<br />
SI bakanhk kadrolannda ögr<strong>et</strong>1Den vc <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> memuru olarak çah.<br />
ï.~nlar, önceki me~Yriy:tlcri itibanyle hak kazand1klan ma~lan"<br />
ogr<strong>et</strong>men olarak nllen ggrcve balladlklan tarihten b~lamak üzere<br />
alacaklar.<br />
1111 saYlh kanu~a ,ta~i ancak, daha önce memuïiy<strong>et</strong> görevin<strong>de</strong><br />
bulunmay'anl~nn, lilien goreve balladlklan tarih i!il1~riy!~6H saYlh<br />
yasaya gore mtibaklan yapllarak maallan ö<strong>de</strong>necek."<br />
YASA!(LAR<br />
, Yuküml~ler., n~fusa kaylth olduklan yerler<strong>de</strong> ,görevlendiriJe ..<br />
mlYor. Bu yuk~mluler<strong>de</strong>n, Milli Egitim Gençlik ve Spo'r BakanhiJ<br />
ka~rola:mda gorevh olanlar ihtiyaç halin<strong>de</strong> önceki görev yerlerine<br />
venleblhl'or,<br />
AS~,ri U;u<strong>et</strong>menler, görev süreleri boyunca resmi elbise giyeme.<br />
~eC(:k, l''j_ cdllmel'ecek, <strong>de</strong>meklere üye olamayacak l'e siyasi faäli •<br />
•,<strong>et</strong>~Kaulamayacak .<br />
, Askeri yükümlülügünü ögr<strong>et</strong>men olarak yerine g<strong>et</strong>irecekler bu<br />
gorevlennc temel egitim süresini doldurduktan sonra b~layabil~ek<br />
~U ANDA ASKER OLANLAR .<br />
, Buuygul~rJ1~,ile ilgili yön<strong>et</strong>meligin yürürlüge girdigi tarihle, as.<br />
ken l'ukumlulugunu ye<strong>de</strong>k subay olarak yerine g<strong>et</strong>irmekte olan ög.<br />
rermenler<strong>de</strong>n Istckli olanlar, MiUi Egitim Gençlik ve Spor Bakanh&l'run,<br />
Ihtlyaç goslermesl, Genelkurmay Balkanhg.'nm da uygun görmesi<br />
hallO~e, gen kalan hlzm<strong>et</strong> sürelerini ögr<strong>et</strong>men olarak yapabileceL<br />
SOlkonusu yo~<strong>et</strong>meligin yüriirlüge girdigi tarihœ erb~ ve er olarak<br />
aSk,en yukum!ulu~unu y.erine}<strong>et</strong>irenler<strong>de</strong>n istekli olanlar, ye<strong>de</strong>k su.<br />
bay hkla oldug~ glbl, Milli Egltlm Gençlik ve Spor BakanhtI'nm ih.<br />
t1yaç goslcrmesl, Genelkurmay Bajkanh~'mn uygun görmesi halin<strong>de</strong>,<br />
gCTI kalan hlzmel surelerini ,ögr<strong>et</strong>men olarak tamamlayabiliyor.<br />
D<br />
Maa~larlartlrlhyor<br />
Koruculara, SSK mÜj<strong>de</strong>si<br />
'tYARRAKIR' (hha) '.<br />
()Ia~,,"ùslii liai Bolgl' "",<br />
ii,i !f,,~',.; K()zak~'lnglu, ki\~.<br />
kllrllt'ularlllil zam \'('rill't:('èÎlli<br />
"(' :-;i~{)rta knpslIllllna nllll:i('aklarll\l<br />
a,'ik 1",11.<br />
.landarlllH .\ ....a.,.is I\tlllllllalll<br />
KlIrC('lwral lIul~,si Snvln'la<br />
lllln'ki ak;-.(llll sanllpri'lcll'<br />
Lice i1,('si'lll: b,,~11 Kutlu<br />
i,,,,'ii'Il" gid"l1 Ola~:Jnii,tli liai<br />
B"jg(' "'"Iisi !fnwi Kozak-<br />
~'lnglu. kil,. korw"lIlal'lna par,<br />
ka. hol ,'p ."l'Il'k da~lltJ Ko-<br />
7.aX('lod'lu. YHPllln konll~ma.<br />
,I;t. d, '.It'! ill krîy konlcularllll vap.a. onu gör~vlendirek"nJ\itCltL!lIl1.<br />
ht'r türlu ~lkll1.1 ,'pgiz ...<br />
I lib ','ardll11H hazlr ~)Iduklarlm<br />
t,f'llrtf'rt'k ",o\lt. Ot'n'<br />
rarkl, ollllU\'a\'aklaTlnl. B"n!<br />
I;' hu <strong>de</strong>vl ..li V1kal11az. BunlaI'<br />
.... izlf'l"in. ~'oC'u.klartnlza,<br />
k.zlaTllllw saldlTlv, h..<strong>de</strong>fl,'-<br />
Yl'n kimsgil. Korucularln cline ~u<br />
anda gcçen 83 bin tiray,.<br />
120-140 bin lirava \'üksdtmeyi<br />
d~ünüyoi-uz'" di~'c<br />
konu~lu.<br />
23.12.87<br />
ywnda Suriyc'nin Lazkiye jehri Ba-<br />
~it kasabaslOda yapllan örgüt toplanusmda<br />
PKK li<strong>de</strong>ri Abdullab<br />
Öcalao'm _ yapugl .. konUlmada,<br />
THKP-C Acilciler Orgülü'nün pasif<br />
oldugunu, eylem yapmaktan<br />
korklugunu vurgulamasl üzcrine, bu<br />
örgütün li<strong>de</strong>ri Mibraç Ural'IO, ör.<br />
güt üst seviye yön<strong>et</strong>icilerine Türki.<br />
ye'ye militanlanni gön<strong>de</strong>rip, istan.<br />
bul, izmir, Kayseri, içel, Antakya<br />
ve isken<strong>de</strong>run'da ANAP il binala.<br />
..........~:._-,~-<br />
.L c.I.-C Ull..U.LU. 2 1 • 1 2 • 8 7<br />
"'Beni Siirt polisi<br />
sorgulas.n"<br />
HüsamelliD KARANFÎL<br />
SiiKI', (lèltÜlDID)' PKK Merkel<br />
Komiœsi üyesi Selahaldo Çelik po.<br />
lise telefon edip, ölümle tehdit edil.<br />
digini belinerek teslim o1mak isœ.<br />
digini bi1dirdi.<br />
Batman Emniyct Amirligi'ni te.<br />
lefonla arayan bir ki~i, "Ben PKK<br />
Merkez Komitesi üY!SÏ Selahatdo<br />
ÇeIik'im. AIina'dan anyorum, l'Ir.<br />
li<strong>de</strong> utIk rolüm kaImacbiJ Içln, ber<br />
güo ölümle tebdit edilijoorum ft büyük<br />
bir baslu a1l1Dcbyun ,Türldye'-<br />
Dio Alina KoDJOloslugu'Da teslim<br />
olmak istiyorum" <strong>de</strong>di. Te1efondaki<br />
kili teslim olduktan soora kendisini<br />
Siirt polisinin sorgulamasml da<br />
~art olarak ileri sürdü. '<br />
nna l'C Ankara'da Adal<strong>et</strong> Bakanhg.<br />
ile Güney Kore Büyükelçiligi'ne<br />
bomball saldJn düzcnJemelerini cmrelligini<br />
söylediler.<br />
DOt:u BLOKU MARKALl<br />
BOMBALAR<br />
Ernoiyel Amirligi'o<strong>de</strong>n "~arI1D1<br />
kibul ecliyOnlZ, IeniDle nas&lbulu-<br />
,Ihm" <strong>de</strong>nildigin<strong>de</strong> ise, telefonda"<br />
ki kili, "Daha fula konu,amam,<br />
Vaklim azaIch, beo Iizi aranm" di.<br />
yerek ahizeyi kapatll.<br />
ATlNA'DAN ARADltol<br />
K.sIN<br />
Batman Emniy<strong>et</strong> AmirUgi telefon<br />
koou~ma.s1D1DPIT araclh&! ile Au.<br />
oa'dao yaplld1guu leSbit eui. AncalL,<br />
telefon e<strong>de</strong>n kilioin SelahattiD Çe.<br />
Iik olup olmad1i1 bilinemiyor. Es.<br />
rarengiz telefon konlLjmasmdao ala.<br />
gaoüstü Hal Böige Valiligi, içilleri<br />
Bakanh&l, ~leri Bakanh&l ~ Ali.<br />
na Büyükelçiligi'nin haberdar edildiRi<br />
ögreoildi,<br />
Bu arada, eylem yapllan iller dlllOda,<br />
Adana da dahil olmak û:œre<br />
7 il<strong>de</strong>ki operas yon larda çok larida<br />
militan, Uzrum marka Dogu<br />
Bloku ülkelerinin kullandlj() savunma<br />
ci bombalaTi ve çok saYlda örgutsel<br />
doküman ile birhkte eie ge.<br />
çirildiJer. Samklar, Suriyc'<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong>niz<br />
¥oluyla örgüte ait <strong>de</strong>niz motoru ile<br />
Isken<strong>de</strong>run ilçesi Arsuz bucag. ktYI<br />
jeridio<strong>de</strong>n l'CYaylada&l ilçesi Ya)'lk.<br />
damlar köyün<strong>de</strong> bulunan Karama.<br />
garalarmevkiin<strong>de</strong>n yurda girdikle.<br />
rini iliraf <strong>et</strong>tiler,<br />
------~-
•<br />
NiliigeI 23.12.87<br />
A NA P il binalarlna said", düzen/emif/erdi<br />
13 mlan yakalandl<br />
~ • Hamza EZER I<br />
• ANTAKYA (Mil-HA)<br />
[;\]NAVATAN Panisi binalanna<br />
bomba koyan THKP-C.<br />
Acileiler örgütünün Gùney<br />
bölgesi sorumlulan yakalandl, Ifa.<br />
<strong>de</strong>lerin<strong>de</strong> PKK Aci1ciler, FKÖ ve<br />
öteki bw örgütlerin ilst èäzev y<strong>et</strong>kililerinin<br />
Suriye'<strong>de</strong> bir araya gele.<br />
rek Türkiyc'ye yönelik eylemleri tar.<br />
uluklan öne sürüld~,<br />
Hatay Emniy<strong>et</strong> Müdür!üaü Siyasi<br />
Sube ekiplerinin düzenledigi<br />
operasyonlarda <strong>de</strong> geçirilen kijilerin<br />
sorgulamalanndan elae edilen bi!-<br />
gilere göre Isken<strong>de</strong>run'un Arsuz koyu<br />
yakmlannda örgül mOlorlan ile<br />
Suriyc'(\en g<strong>et</strong>irclikleribombalan Iu-<br />
Ylya çlkardlklan, ISlanbul. Îlmir,<br />
Kayseri, Içel, Halay ANAP rina.<br />
Cumhuriye{<br />
• ANAPIl blnalanna bombaI! saldlnda bulunan THKp.C<br />
Acllcller örgOtü'nün Cüney kanadl elemanlan yaka.<br />
land!. Yakalanan örgüt üyelerlnln Ifa<strong>de</strong>lerlne göre,<br />
Surlye'<strong>de</strong> yapllan glzll toplantlda, TÜrklye'ye yönellk<br />
eylemlerln tartl$lldlOI öQrenlldl<br />
lamia koyduklan belirlendi. Orgü.<br />
lüu Suriye'nin Lazkiye fChrin<strong>de</strong> bu.<br />
lunan parti okulundan emir a1dlil<br />
've bombalan da buradan verdikle.<br />
ri belirtildi.<br />
, Örgül elemanlanmn ilk pani<br />
bombay! 2S Eylül giinü samle çikar:<br />
dlklan, ikinci partiyi ise 28 Eylür<br />
<strong>de</strong> gelirdikleri belirlendi.<br />
Emniyel mùdürlüklerinin ona~<br />
operasyonlan ile eie geçirilen örgü<br />
mililanlannm adlan $öyle:<br />
Mebmel Göul, MItbit Turunç,<br />
TabslD AkID, Mutl Yüksel, Malik<br />
KJbç, Mlblr Zeytumu, ~rlf Erkol,<br />
Meyrell Mlrol/u, All Bolfl, Atl'<br />
dä. " Flt.1 otaUln, Mabun<br />
Gui, LaIIII Ozer, Il<br />
THKP.é Acilciler örgütünün,<br />
emr! Mlbraç Ural adh merkez komite<br />
aenelsekr<strong>et</strong>erin<strong>de</strong>n <strong>Paris</strong>'te bulunan<br />
"SaIIh Hoca" koll 1sim1i An.<br />
lakya eski lÖB-DER Blfkanl Ke.<br />
mal BIY!'Im'dan alchk1anbildirildi,<br />
Bombalan bir bavul için<strong>de</strong> molorlarla<br />
Isken<strong>de</strong>run'un Arsuz bueapndan<br />
geçiren militanlann AnIakya'da<br />
da bir kuyumcuyu soymak istedikleri,<br />
aneak kalabahk ne<strong>de</strong>niyle<br />
bunu ba$araJlwllklan, Isken<strong>de</strong>run'da<br />
da gizli loplanldal yapuk-<br />
Ian bildirildi.<br />
~a kO"fI~u 01ya koyu.. .. terk<strong>et</strong> Mardin'in Midyat ilçesine baOh Kosluca kOyün<strong>de</strong>n, kOy<br />
Il •~_ ihtiyar heyeli ùyeSiAbdurrahman Turan, geçen ekim aymda<br />
militanlarm ~Oy<strong>de</strong>n 11 ki$iyi kaçlrmalan üzerine, bir yüzbaSlnm kendisini korucu olmaya zOfladlOlnt One sürdü,<br />
KOy<strong>de</strong>n kaçrnlma olayml Midyat tugayma bildirdikten soma kOye gelen bir yüzbasmm. "BuraYI siz korumak zorundaslOlz<br />
Silah almak zorundaslQlz. Korucu olmaYlz diyeniniz varsa bu kOy<strong>de</strong> yasayamaz, Va silah ahrslOlz ya kOyü<br />
terke<strong>de</strong>rsiniz" <strong>de</strong>diQini One süren !'bdurrahman Turan, kendisinin <strong>de</strong> korucu seçildiQini belirterek, korucu olmaYI<br />
kabul <strong>et</strong>mediQi içmalle~i::~ birlikle Balman'a gOç <strong>et</strong>tiQini sOyledi. (Fotograf: Centlz Mumay)<br />
Tercüman<br />
PKK lIâvâslnda<br />
5 tahUye<br />
DiYARBAKIR- Diyarbaku<br />
OOM'<strong>de</strong>, PK!( i1e iIgili açdan 10 sa.<br />
mkh dâvâya b~landl. Haklannda<br />
5 ilâ 15 yd hapis œz8S1 islenen samklardan<br />
4'ü ilk duru~mada tahli.<br />
ye edildi.<br />
Duru~maya lutuklu samklardan<br />
M.MabsuD llo,day, ibrabim KutlUCID,<br />
AbdaDah Çnik, Abdamb.<br />
maD Koçer, Cemil Aras vt ItmlD<br />
KIDID kauich.<br />
'':'''UTANÇ DUYUYORUM-'<br />
Duru,mada saDlklardan ItmlD<br />
KlnlD, Beyrul'ta iKi olarak çall~-<br />
11&1için zaman zaman yanma yasad"1<br />
bw kqi1erin gddigini, aneak<br />
bu ,ahlslarla i1i,ki kunnadl&1m iler.<br />
sürdü, iftiraya ugradliJm söyle-<br />
Jen samk. "PU dÎftstDdl JaIl1-<br />
25.12.87<br />
26.12.87<br />
laDcbllm IÇID&CrçcklCDutaDç du-<br />
)uyorum" ~eklin<strong>de</strong> konu,tu,<br />
Oteki samklar da bölüeü Örgül<br />
üyesi olmadlklanm öne sürerek,<br />
tahliye edilmelerini istediler,<br />
Tahliye iSlegini görü~n mahkeme<br />
hey<strong>et</strong>i ItmaD KlUD, Cemil<br />
Aras, AbdambmlD Koçer vt AbduUab<br />
Çevik adh santklann tahli.<br />
ye edilmesini kararl~llf(l:, Duru~ma<br />
ileri bir tarihe ertelen.:li,<br />
(A.AI<br />
Sur!ye'nin Lazkiye kentin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
Basid' <strong>de</strong> PIK Oen<strong>et</strong> Sekr<strong>et</strong>er! Ab.<br />
duUlb OcaIln, Suriye adlDa Ce.U<br />
E.ld, PKÖ IdlDa 3 kiti, THKP-C<br />
Aciltiler adlDa M1bnç Ural, AU<br />
UDllez, ibn/alm Yalçln, Kemal<br />
BaJfllll ve Zafer Hoca, Libya' dan<br />
SIIDI Katlu, Tûrklyc'<strong>de</strong>n Ferblt<br />
HaIll KlmU, A1manya'dan da blZl<br />
örgül mensuplannlD katllmaslyla<br />
olulturulan merkez komite toplan.<br />
uSlDda bombalama kararlannlD<br />
allDlhil, onaya Çlku. Yakalananlann<br />
ifa<strong>de</strong>lerine göre, bu toplanuda<br />
APo'nun THKP-C Ati!eileri pasif.<br />
IiI<strong>de</strong> suçlamasl Ülerine Aeileiler' in<br />
eylemlere giri,tiji bildirildi.<br />
Cumhuriye{<br />
25.12.87<br />
DiyarbakIr<br />
PKK davasl<br />
Sanlklar:<br />
i~kence<br />
gördük<br />
ztYA<br />
AKSOY<br />
DGM'<strong>de</strong><br />
oh'ARBAKIR - PKK OrgOtUne<br />
Uye olmak, yardlmda bulunmak ve<br />
propaganda yapmak sutlanndan<br />
yargllanan 6'51 tutuklu, to ki$i<strong>de</strong>n<br />
4'U, Ç1kanldlklan ilk duru$mada sero<br />
best blraklldl.<br />
DOM<br />
ntklann<br />
Savcisi ilk durusmada sa-<br />
3 île I S 'Id araslnda hapisle<br />
cezalandmlmastnt îstedi. Mahke:ne<strong>de</strong>kî<br />
sorgu1amastnda Mehm<strong>et</strong> Muun<br />
Baday, Fe<strong>de</strong>ral Almanya'da e$i i1e<br />
birlikte i$Çi olarak çahSllklanm belir.<br />
:erek, "Türtdye'ye tallt Içln dönec<strong>et</strong>lmlz<br />
sarada YUlmlza blrt kadln Ikl<br />
k!fl yallllftJ ve Türkiye'ye aÖlürmem<br />
içln blr pak<strong>et</strong> verdi. lçin<strong>de</strong> ne oldutunu<br />
sordutumda, ,.sad ... blr örgüle<br />
ail ba7J fCYler bulunclutunu ve KI-<br />
Dllepc'<strong>de</strong> adamlannlD a<strong>et</strong>erek bu pak<strong>et</strong>i<br />
atauklannl löylediler.<br />
'GOtUrmem' <strong>de</strong>dltlm zaman da beni<br />
tehelll dlller_Ben <strong>de</strong> abp a<strong>et</strong>lrdim.<br />
Bir ~am KIZlllcpc'<strong>de</strong> emnly<strong>et</strong> knvntlerinln<br />
yapllkla" arama sarallnda<br />
pak<strong>et</strong> arabamda bulundu" <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Baday, PKK OrgU1Ui1ei1iskisi bulunmadl~lnl,<br />
polis taraflndan ahnan<br />
ilk ifa<strong>de</strong>sin<strong>de</strong>, yurtdlslnda PKK'n:n<br />
faaliyellerine kallld'~1 yolundaki i,i.<br />
IaOannln bask. ve iskence alunda<br />
ahndl~ln' One sUrdO,<br />
Durusmaya bir sOre ara veren<br />
mahkeme heyeli, Mehm<strong>et</strong> ,Masun<br />
Baday ile Ibrahim Mulluclln'In IUlukluluk<br />
durumlanmn <strong>de</strong>vanllna. di-<br />
~cr IUluklu ~a",klardan Abdullllh<br />
Çcvik. Abdurrahmlln Keçcn. Ccmil<br />
o\nas vc Ikman Kino'nun lahli,','lcl j.<br />
Ile ~al ar vcrcrek dUl1J~I1l.t\. ' ,. ""dl<br />
29
.,<br />
--------------,<br />
-Sarl Avni~<br />
PKK ve<br />
ASALA'nln<br />
emrin<strong>de</strong><br />
23.12'.87<br />
~ 29.12.87<br />
DODU -3D <strong>de</strong>reee<br />
.) ...<br />
'. ~l<br />
.. ~ £ill<br />
.dill '~~~f,'" .f1~'",';<br />
Ar"l Karadurmu~<br />
eün1ü silah kaçakçlSIAvnl KaradurmuS'un, PKK,KUKve<br />
Rizgarïye 100 mllyon Iirallk yardlrnm yanl Slra, bu Or.<br />
güt elemanlarmm sa{jladlklan eroln ABD ve Avrupa'da<br />
pazarlaYlp k3F$IIIQlnda slIah aldl{jl saptandl<br />
Il<br />
rs IARI Avn!" olarak bilinm ünlü sUah kaçakçlSl Avul Kara.<br />
durmlli'un Bulgaristan !r
.,<br />
•<br />
30.12.87<br />
17 sanlla<br />
DGM' <strong>de</strong>n beraat<br />
• TKP TKP / B ve PKK Orgütü mensubu olarak<br />
eylemleri Adlyaman ValiliOi'nce açlklanan lanlklar<br />
<strong>de</strong>lil y<strong>et</strong>ersizli{Jin<strong>de</strong>n. serbest bl~aklldl. .<br />
Factll BINZET.<br />
DiYAMAN. (bha) - GÜ\lmlik ku\'v<strong>et</strong>lerinœ yakalan.<br />
Adiktan sonra. Vahlik tarafll~d.n .~aIJJlan 8Çlklamad~<br />
"suÇlu" olarak ilan edilen ~t.h sol orlut~.II1INUP 1,<br />
AAmk. Malatva De"l<strong>et</strong> Guvenhk ~~ah.k~ n<strong>de</strong> be~al<br />
<strong>et</strong>ti.AdlVaman \'aliligi 24 !\Issn 1%, gun~ ~r hu,ln ~.ul.<br />
\Rni "a~'lOlayarak TKP. TKP 8 \'l! PKK Ürgutl('n ne<br />
mf>nsup Ii ki;;inin. gu"enlik.!;u~l~rmce yapI~a':loperasyon.<br />
larda vakalandlé:lnl H' bu k1;;llenn l'ylemlirlnl at;lklaml~tl.<br />
\ahhk aC;lklamaslOdaSllOlklar haslO.~"suçlu" lliarak tom.<br />
111nll~t1.<br />
.. "MÜftcrek bir örgütsel<br />
yapl meydana g<strong>et</strong>irerek. ort.ötr<strong>et</strong>im<br />
(ençlili için<strong>de</strong><br />
malia1leler<strong>de</strong> ve klrsa1 kesim<strong>de</strong><br />
çe,itli faali)-<strong>et</strong>ler ~östA'rerek.<br />
haUu bilinçlendirmek<br />
için çaba harcadlklan"<br />
Hidia edil!.'n Cevd<strong>et</strong> ça•• n,<br />
I\ll çlftar. M«!hm<strong>et</strong> A~lan.<br />
Mctln Özbulduk. Abuzer<br />
ßt>kt8l,i, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Doymaz,<br />
Ismail Dovmaz, tsmail Tümen,<br />
Fl.yii Tümay, Hasan<br />
Çah~kan, HaCt Do)'maz. Kenlln<br />
Ör.çl\kmak, Hamza lh..<br />
çakmak. Zeki Yathuç; Ali<br />
Bü)"Ükf8.hin, Malimut Bakir.<br />
Mehm<strong>et</strong> Oo)'maz .. \'a.<br />
hhk açlklamaSl üzerine T\' ek.<br />
ram Vl' Ilaz<strong>et</strong>e sütunlarmdan<br />
kamullyuna "suçlu" olarak<br />
!!Osterildi. ~Ialalya De\'l<strong>et</strong> Gu.<br />
\'(.'Olik\Iahkemesi'ne se\"k t'di.<br />
len. iki 0.'1\ scnra tahli ,e edilen<br />
saOlklarui. <strong>de</strong>lil y<strong>et</strong>èrsizli~in.<br />
~('n beraal <strong>et</strong>tikleri açlklanrll.<br />
~amklar. arlal<strong>et</strong>in verini bulrlu.<br />
~unll a!leak, kamüov\J i'lllunrl"<br />
kl'ndilerine ;;uçlu !lÖzti~.I(' ha.<br />
kilrlll!llll ;:oylediler.<br />
50 MILLIONS DE CONSOMATEURS<br />
DECEMBRE/1987<br />
MAUVAIS TOUR<br />
« Lors d'un voyage en Turquie<br />
organisé par Clio-Les<br />
Amis <strong>de</strong> l'HistOire, nOtre accOl11pagc.atcur<br />
frar.~liis a ét~<br />
arrêté sur la plainte <strong>de</strong> son<br />
homologue turc, çorrespondam<br />
<strong>de</strong> Clio, qui l'a accusé à<br />
tO!t <strong>de</strong> propa~an<strong>de</strong> pro-<strong>kur<strong>de</strong></strong><br />
<strong>et</strong> pro-armemenne.<br />
J'ai moi-même été interrogé<br />
ainsi qu'un autre. membre<br />
du groupe <strong>et</strong> le gUI<strong>de</strong> français.<br />
lui, est toujours en prison.<br />
Naturellement. notre<br />
voval!.e a été complétement<br />
gâéh~. Nous avons été suivis<br />
<strong>et</strong> surveillés par <strong>de</strong>s p,oliciers,<br />
nos conversations teléphoniques<br />
<strong>et</strong>alent écoutées ... Tandis<br />
que l'organisateur du<br />
\/oyage s'est complétement<br />
jésintéressé <strong>de</strong> l'accompagnateur<br />
arrêté <strong>et</strong> n'a même pas<br />
cru bon <strong>de</strong> nous présenter ses<br />
excuses ni le moindre dédommagement<br />
à notre r<strong>et</strong>our.<br />
Votre journal <strong>de</strong>vrait avertir<br />
les consommateurs <strong>de</strong>s<br />
dangers que peut entraîner le<br />
simple dé1it d'opinion en Turquie,<br />
dangers qui ne sont jamais<br />
présentés sur les touropérateurs.<br />
"<br />
Dr Gérard Gauvin<br />
60 - Beauvais<br />
31
;to;,.<br />
•<br />
""",<br />
'''ÇOK GiZli"<br />
RAPOR<br />
1319. / 1 ? ,•• t,.ii<br />
ü-<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong> gözüyle ..<br />
hainve yanda~a~ir<strong>et</strong>l~f<br />
(OK<br />
G1ZI.I<br />
:-.... ~.~<br />
'Kd.: •. 1.:<br />
\ Su~ \<br />
I<br />
!<br />
3:.':. :., r.:~-: r.::-.:. ~:t;.!!:J~ " ..<br />
Cu..::Cotlll,. .: a..
•<br />
DEVA!1<br />
•<br />
14 bin nOfuslu GOyana,lr<strong>et</strong>l<br />
Hakkarl'<strong>de</strong> oturur. Raporda<br />
GOyankadlnlar,"," blr klsml<br />
kl'," MUIUI ve Bagdat'ta<br />
genelev ve ran<strong>de</strong>vuevlerln<strong>de</strong><br />
çah,IP, yaz," gerl dönmekle<br />
luçlanlyor.<br />
•<br />
"Güvenllmez" kategorisine giren a,i.<br />
r<strong>et</strong>lerintoplam nüfusu502.921 ki,i. "Yur.<br />
da baOh görünenler", 14.533, "Kürtcü.<br />
lüOe <strong>de</strong>stek olanlar" 182.014, "Yurdumu.<br />
za baOh olanlar" Ise 671.184 ki,i. Rapo.<br />
run "dü,ünceler" bölümün <strong>de</strong> bazl a,ir<strong>et</strong>.<br />
1eriçin bu açll ardan <strong>de</strong>Oerle ndirme yapll.<br />
maml$ .<br />
.Raper, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in qir<strong>et</strong>ler politikaslm uygulayan<br />
y<strong>et</strong>kililer için temel kaynak nite-<br />
IiOin<strong>de</strong>. Devl<strong>et</strong> kendi yurtta,lm damgah.<br />
vor ve bölüyo r. Bu yaplhrke n <strong>de</strong> kaynaOI.<br />
ni ortaçaOdan alan a,ir<strong>et</strong> i Ii,kileri temel<br />
allnlyor. Böige Valisi KozakçloQlu'nun<br />
yardlmcllanndan, Hakkari Beytü$t8bap<br />
eski Kaymakaml Ayhan NasuhbeyoQlu,<br />
bir gaz<strong>et</strong>eciyle sohb<strong>et</strong>in<strong>de</strong>, "Atir<strong>et</strong>ier<br />
sosyolojik bir gerçekliktir. Devl<strong>et</strong> pratik<br />
davranmalldl r" diyordu. Pratik davranllmallydl.<br />
a!;iir<strong>et</strong>ler slnlflandlfllmall, ara la.<br />
nndaki kan davalafl, anla,mazhklartesbit<br />
edilmeli ve bundan yararlanllmahydl.<br />
Tlpkl Jirki.Güyan çatl,maslnda olduOu gibio<br />
Akla urkutüeü bir soru geliyor. DoQu'.<br />
da yenl ba$lanan "halka silah daOltmada'"<br />
da aynl baklt açlsl ml geçerli olaeak?<br />
14 Haziran 1934 tarihli "iskân Kanunu"nun<br />
1ü-A mad<strong>de</strong>siaynen$öyle: "Kanun<br />
atlr<strong>et</strong>e h ükmi $ahsiy<strong>et</strong> lanlmaz. Bu<br />
hususta herhangi bir hüküm, vesika ve<br />
liarT'a r1lustenit <strong>de</strong> olsa tanlnml$ haklar<br />
kalOlnlr1llttlr A$lrel reisli{li. beyli{li, a{lahgl<br />
ve $eyhhgl ve bunlann herhangi birveslKaya<br />
veya go rgiJ görenage müstenit her<br />
türlu te$kliat ve taazzuvlan kaldlnlml$tlr."<br />
Ama yasalar yalnlz halkl eezalandlrmak<br />
lçmol. Devl<strong>et</strong>e gelinee, 0 yasalara uymaz,<br />
kend, koydug u yasalan çi{Jnerdl<br />
"KÜRTÇE KONU$AN" A$iRETLER<br />
ÎKÎ MiLYON<br />
Rapor aYflntl1i bir çah,manm ürünü.<br />
Oü,üneeler bOlümün<strong>de</strong>ki yorumlarm dl-<br />
'Inda objektif bilgiler <strong>de</strong> içe riyor. Tek tek<br />
her a,ir<strong>et</strong>in nü fusu, dili, mezhebi. reisi ya<br />
da ileri gelenleri, oturdu{lu yerler belirti.<br />
liyor. Rapora gOre Kürtçeni n Zaza ve Kifmanç<br />
lehçelerini konu,an toplam nüfus,<br />
1.996.972 Ki$i.<br />
BöIge VaUsl Kozakçloglu'nun<br />
ylldlmcllanndan,<br />
BeylÜffebap tski<br />
Kaymakaml Ayhan<br />
Nasuhoglu, bir gaz<strong>et</strong>eciyle<br />
IOhb<strong>et</strong>ln<strong>de</strong>, "qir<strong>et</strong>ler<br />
SOIyolojlk bir gerçekliktir,<br />
<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> pratik davranmahdlr"<br />
diyordu.<br />
•<br />
•<br />
.....,..<br />
...<br />
..,<br />
8~WlIUI • ..". ....<br />
-lOI<br />
....<br />
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Kurt('e<br />
Dili<br />
.........<br />
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......t- .. ,.., •• t ,'f,"<br />
-<br />
'1ln'1lI lU IlOLGI2IINDEID a.$DlCUZ<br />
("'0 kobll .. l.)<br />
-<br />
"IIlE1:UI ••• ,. k.bil .. lo)<br />
Dili<br />
-,....,<br />
... C~lWJar<br />
..". ......,<br />
c-ar. •.,.. ,.. -,.<br />
"""-<br />
"""""'" (~ilcl<br />
Ç&nmtfUl ...,..<br />
Çolemer1lr. '''' ,....,<br />
Kun.~<br />
$&t,<br />
A::IMl lLznt.k<br />
(".~- U(n'<br />
1~,.1UI<br />
1I1:m.l<br />
.....,. ::.:,....,m "tf'ltUoth ..<br />
BIl~Ul&A1UaT ,"'""-, ......... Ki:- U-:-~U1<br />
CllnraA1i<br />
''''''<br />
l;~~<br />
K...... ." AU.<br />
klJY ...<br />
~...<br />
Clûl'1aU(l : •• fIlO.:1 h.,.<br />
7J.. •. 1l;.'<br />
lsel... bIT .. I?' ,.~ ,\0 ..- -'I<br />
n~' Hail.<br />
SoL'lan II~.<br />
~..msI1;)In.a.t<br />
lloVIol<br />
1H; , . ~:: ... -<br />
! ~~:;':.~UI1J'<br />
i ~:'-'~I'~~II'.nJI"O' E."TlL :lo.l-iru~:'-'- :_"_: ~<br />
I lO"",<br />
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I ......... ?l:' ... SJ'~.I"'baa" ...... ~ 1\..4<br />
, ~',(.1 C 01' • ",f:.<br />
~.lr l, ....<br />
"., .... S..~o' ~_Io..o.<br />
O.J.<br />
Rapora göre Kürtçenin Zaza<br />
ve Klrmanç lehçelerini<br />
konu~an a~ir<strong>et</strong>lerin toplam<br />
nüfusu yakla~lk iki milyon<br />
(1.996.972).<br />
Tamaml1.13sayfaolanraporunsonaltl<br />
sayfastnda Iran, Irak ve Suriye'<strong>de</strong> Türkiye<br />
SIOifina yak In bÖlgeler<strong>de</strong> yerl8$mi, qi.<br />
r<strong>et</strong>ierslralanlyor. Slnlrboyu a,ir<strong>et</strong>lerinin<br />
SIOifin öbür ta raIl i1eiliskileri <strong>de</strong> eie allOlvor.<br />
Mardin Cizre'<strong>de</strong>n Oü<strong>de</strong>ryan a,ir<strong>et</strong>i.<br />
Urfa Siverek'len Tamalh, Merkez ilçe<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Atmanll a$ir<strong>et</strong>lerinin, "kaçakçlllk<br />
yaptlklan" belirtillyor. 14 bin nüfuslu Gü.<br />
yan asirelinin ise Hakkari'<strong>de</strong> oturdu~u be-'<br />
I<br />
I<br />
33
.18VAM<br />
lirtildikten san ra, kadlnlann In bir klsmlnln<br />
"kl~ln Musul ve Bagdat'ta g enelev ve ran<strong>de</strong>vuevlerin<br />
<strong>de</strong> çall~t Igl, yazlO<br />
döndükleri" s uçlamasl yaplhyor. Raporda,<br />
Van 'da daglnlk bir ~eki I<strong>de</strong> yerle~ml~<br />
alan Buriki a$ ir<strong>et</strong>i için "Barzani'ye taral-.<br />
tarhk <strong>et</strong>tikleri h ususunda ~ü pheler" var.<br />
Burlkililer, aynca "Kürtçülük faaliy<strong>et</strong>lerinl<br />
<strong>de</strong>steklerler" ve "Rus propaganda <strong>et</strong>klsi<br />
attlnda kahrl ar" Iddialanyla da k.?r~1kar-<br />
$Iya. iran 'da H alikan a$ir<strong>et</strong>l reisi Omer Ile<br />
"gizli ili~kileri" <strong>de</strong> oldugu belirtillyor. Buriki<br />
a~lr<strong>et</strong>inln li<strong>de</strong>rl Kinyas Kartal.<br />
Rapora göre, Burikililer,<br />
Kürtçülük faaliy<strong>et</strong>lerini<br />
<strong>de</strong>steklerler" ve "Rus<br />
propaganda <strong>et</strong>kisi alttnda<br />
kahrlar"dl. Buriki a~ir<strong>et</strong>inin<br />
Ii<strong>de</strong>ri Kinyas Karta!.<br />
Raperda önem verilen bir dlger kanu<br />
Cumhurly<strong>et</strong> tarihin<strong>de</strong> çlkan Kürt isyanlanna<br />
kar$1a$ir<strong>et</strong>lerin tutumu. Bazdan, "Isyana<br />
katll ml~lar", bazllarl Ise<br />
,'katdmaml$la r" olarak slnlf landlnlml~. isyana<br />
katllanlardan Var d:n<strong>de</strong>n Berikan-<br />
Illar raporda, "geçimsiz olup hlrslzhga<br />
egihmleri vard Ir" sozle"yle tammlamyor.<br />
H!rslzhga egllimleri alan b ir dlger a~ir<strong>et</strong>,<br />
rapera göre Artvin'Cen Po~a. PO$alila-<br />
:1:1az blr kls/n/ iç:~,<strong>de</strong>"d<strong>de</strong>ncilik yaparlar'<br />
oen/yor<br />
VERGI vr:: ASKERLiKTEN<br />
KAÇINIR'<br />
Siirt'te oturan Gerisan a$ iratlnln kadln-<br />
Ian "aile araslnda söz s::!hibl' Artvin'-<br />
.:Jen"A$akir veya Çadlr Kürdj" a$ir<strong>et</strong>inin<br />
kadlnlan Ise rapora, "ço(junlukla fahllolEllik<br />
yaparak gaçim lerini saglarlar" iddiaslYla<br />
gaçmi$lar.<br />
Vargi ve askarlik, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>l n iki temel di.,<br />
r~: Raporu hazlr1ayanlar a $ir<strong>et</strong>le ri bu ölçütlere<br />
göre d e <strong>de</strong>gerlendirmi~lerdi. Adlyaman'dan<br />
Kavi a~ir<strong>et</strong>ine bagll olanlar<br />
lçin, "askerliktl¥l.çekinir ve gizlenirler"<br />
<strong>de</strong>niyt>r, Mara~'ta yerle$sn Atmah a$ir<strong>et</strong>in<strong>de</strong>n<br />
olanlar, "askerlikten kaçar1ar," Bir<br />
klsml askerllk yapmamak içln nülusa ka-<br />
Ylt almazlardl.<br />
Mardln'<strong>de</strong>aturan Dek$u ri B$ir<strong>et</strong>inin blr<br />
klsml "askerl Ik hizm<strong>et</strong>lni yapmamak içln<br />
her türlü çareye ba$vururlardl." Sllrt'te<br />
aturan Davudiyan a~lr<strong>et</strong>l lçin "askerllk<br />
yapmaktan kaçlnlr" Ibares ivar, Ama rapar<br />
bunun~a y<strong>et</strong>lnmlyarve e kllyar: "Suçlulan<br />
saklarlarve bunlarla blrlikte suç i$lerler,"<br />
Gene Siirt'ten Talan a~ir<strong>et</strong>i lçin<br />
"vergi Ils askerlikten kaçlnlr" açlklama-<br />
SI YSrailyar,<br />
A~ir<strong>et</strong>lerin eQltlm durumlan da rapar.<br />
dule a"nmll~, Blngöl Genç lIçesln<strong>de</strong> otu.<br />
rsn Botlyan a~lr<strong>et</strong>l, "oahll, mutaasslp ve<br />
ha~ln" sözlerlyle <strong>de</strong>Oerlendlrlllyar, Mer.<br />
kez llçe<strong>de</strong> otu ran Çanmerlk qlr<strong>et</strong>llse yal.<br />
nlzea, "cahll" slfalinalaYlkgörOlüyor, Bu.<br />
na kal1ll1k gene Blngöl'On lIçelerln<strong>de</strong>otu.<br />
ran Hormek a,lr<strong>et</strong>l, "çocuk larlna yOklek<br />
tahlll yaptlrm ak lçln bOyOk çaba harcar"<br />
dl.<br />
• •<br />
Tuncell'<strong>de</strong>kl 48 a,lrenen<br />
85.469 nOtullu 39 .. Ir<strong>et</strong>.<br />
IIg0v.nllmez" dl.11<br />
vurulmu,. Kllan dokuz 1,lr<strong>et</strong><br />
191nIl', "yurdumuZi baOh<br />
görOnOrler" ya da<br />
lIKOrt9010k taally<strong>et</strong>lerlne<br />
34<br />
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çv<br />
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A~IRETIN (.l'Y • .k.bil~Dia)<br />
n'II<br />
<strong>de</strong><strong>et</strong>ek olurllr" <strong>de</strong>nlyor.<br />
Oevl<strong>et</strong> gOzüyle Tuncell'<strong>de</strong><br />
"yurdumuzl baOh" a,lr<strong>et</strong><br />
yok.<br />
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DEVAH<br />
ziyor, ancak, "Düoünceier" bOlümün<strong>de</strong><br />
"yeni nesU Kü rtçeyi tamam en lerk<strong>et</strong>mlo<br />
olup, ancak yao"lar konu,u r" <strong>de</strong>Qerlendirmesi<br />
yapll, yor. Lolan" ve $e~hhasan-<br />
"a,ir<strong>et</strong>leri için aynca "Atat ürk Inkllaplanna<br />
baa"dlr "<strong>de</strong>niyor ..,<br />
"GÜVENILMEZ"<br />
Ri::KüHU<br />
... $avak a, ir<strong>et</strong>i yayla göç ü tela,mdaydl.<br />
Çocuklarsa nef8liydi. GOç <strong>de</strong>mek onlar<br />
için oyun <strong>de</strong>mel<strong>et</strong>l. Hele yaylaya çlklnca.<br />
Sö{jüt aOacInin kabuaundan düdük<br />
yapmak vardl, lolan oynamak vardl ....<br />
, Pertek'in genç kaymakaml endioellydi.<br />
Elin<strong>de</strong>ki "çokgizli" alw<strong>et</strong>lerraporunda<br />
$avakqir<strong>et</strong>iiçin, "kendilerinegüvenU~ez.<br />
Yayla 80runlan ile yaylaya gidi,<br />
ve dönü,leri yol üzerin<strong>de</strong>ki kOyler ve VIlay<strong>et</strong><br />
için çe,itli problemler do{jurur" yazlyordu.<br />
Raporda, Tunceli i1in<strong>de</strong> varhal<br />
saptanan 48 a,ir<strong>et</strong>ten 39'u için ay"' "kendilerine<br />
gOven ilmez" ibares Iyer ahyordu.<br />
Bu 39 a,ir<strong>et</strong>in loplam nüfu~.u 85.469 klljiydi.<br />
Geriye kalan 11.328nufuslu ookuz<br />
aljir<strong>et</strong> için ise, "yurdumuza baOl1<br />
görünOrler" ya da "Kürtçülük faaliy<strong>et</strong>lerini<br />
<strong>de</strong>sleklerler" <strong>de</strong>niyordu. Devl<strong>et</strong> gözüyte.<br />
Tunceli'<strong>de</strong>"yurdumuza~li" 8ljir<strong>et</strong><br />
yol<strong>et</strong>u. Tunceli'<strong>de</strong>n göç <strong>et</strong>tlnlen koy-<br />
IOlerin, "ya daaa çlkarsln. ya kor~c~<br />
olursun" tehditlerinin ve daha bin turlu<br />
basklnln alMda Tunceli'nin bu güvenil.<br />
mezli{!i mi vardl? ~<br />
..GÜVENiLMEZ ~A$iRETLEÂ" .<br />
Parantez çm<strong>de</strong>k/ler a~"<strong>et</strong> re/sI ya da lien<br />
gelenlennm ad land"<br />
Baljlmi (Seda Aslankillç), ErtUl;i (Cemil<br />
Ozbek, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Unal), Guyan (Ail<br />
Han Tatar, Ahm<strong>et</strong> Agit Aktürk), Begarra<br />
(Ahm<strong>et</strong> Abdl k Söker), Gubuat (Abdul<br />
Naci Zobiloglu), Halikan" (Yasin Ba<strong>de</strong>mci),<br />
Alimeholu (Sait Pekdil). Abasan<br />
(Mahmut Onen), Barava (Sabri Çakar,<br />
Artl Çakar, Memduh Çakar). ,Batuan<br />
(Ahm<strong>et</strong> Kalaç), Bubelan (Ibrahim Kurt.<br />
Yusul Kasa), Cemmokâki (Ali Devenas,<br />
Osman Demir). Dekl;ori (Zlver Mldyat),<br />
Dekl;uri (~eyhmus Ekmen, Ib.rahlm Ekmen<br />
Sallh Ekmen), Atamankl (Husey,"<br />
Çele'bl), Dizveren (H.amlt Fldan). Dümbülhan<br />
(Memduh ~e$seaglu, All Telh.agaoglu),<br />
Herikan (Ahm<strong>et</strong> Yüksel), Hewki<br />
(Murat Yenlgün, ~ehmus Çelebl, Husey'"<br />
Çelebi, Nail Kapanoglu. , Zlver Mid.<br />
yat). Hüverki (Murat Yenlgun, Nail Kapanoglu,<br />
Seyli Güne$tan), Kiçani (Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Çeklrge). Ömerhan (Murat Gaspak.<br />
Ömer Asan), !?emsan (Fendt Ka$ba$),<br />
Klkan (Newal Timur, Hadl TImur. A. Kadir<br />
Timur), Kiki (Ismail Killçaslan), M<strong>et</strong>lnan<br />
(A. Kadir A<strong>de</strong>m, Emlnogl~ Cemil).<br />
Musa Re,an (Miha Bada), Omergan<br />
(Ahm<strong>et</strong> Ylldlrlm, Abdullah Yildlrlm,Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Eliker, Hamit Eliker, Selahallin Ehkerl,<br />
Pmarh (Hüsey," Ylld Irtm), Rutan<br />
(Ahm<strong>et</strong> Necimoglu). Sellkan (Omer Gö.<br />
kalp), Sothan (SM Karah an"), Sorkan<br />
(Ahm<strong>et</strong> Beyaglu Hlm), Temlkan (Musa<br />
Anter. Hüseyin Esat, M,ehm<strong>et</strong> Asian),<br />
Teyyani Kervan (Kaslm Ozkan, Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Mungan, Faysal Mungan). Teyya.ni Reljlt<br />
(A. Kadir Uçar, A. Rahman Oktem.<br />
Salih 1,lkl, Zahuran Süleyman Asian,<br />
$ehmus Çelebi), Curanh (Mahmut Sever,<br />
Ibrahim Sever, Ahm<strong>et</strong> Sever), Atlyan<br />
(Emin Özcan), Alikan (Behç<strong>et</strong> Apaydtnl,<br />
Babusi (Mehm<strong>et</strong> Can Y<strong>et</strong>ut), Batuvan<br />
(Osman Demir, Salt Demir), Belekan<br />
(Simko SIrkeil), Beleki (Rlza ÇlftÇI, ~ehm<strong>et</strong><br />
De~:prmencl, Sabri AVCI), Benkan<br />
(Hama Korkmaz), Düdiran (Mirza Tellk),<br />
Garza (Neslp Asian, Ferman Ylldlrlm,<br />
Suleyman Asian, Sabri Avcl, Mahmut<br />
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Ya~an, Mehm<strong>et</strong> AVlnç, Abdullah Ylldlnrn),<br />
Davudiyan (Mehm<strong>et</strong> Akman), Ha-<br />
CI Bayram (Agit Tatar), Kiçan (Boti<br />
Abay), Maladibu (Osman Slni, Ekrem<br />
Slni), Malal;er<strong>et</strong> (Mehm<strong>et</strong> Niyazi), Mel<strong>et</strong>an<br />
(Hasan Genç), Musan (Abdülkerim<br />
Sankaya, Azizo{!lu Nesip), Pencenar<br />
(Ç<strong>et</strong>o Akgül). Poran (Hasan Çmar,<br />
Kaslm Klnay, Hikm<strong>et</strong> Erdo{!an), Ramman<br />
(Halll Demir), Receban (Muham.<br />
medi MiSti) Re,kotan (Ahm<strong>et</strong> Karabulût),<br />
Sarml (ismail Înalcl), Silokan (Abdullah<br />
Kocakaplan), Sinikan (M. Ali Ay.<br />
dl~), Sinka (Osman Karsak). Tayan (Muhammedi<br />
Ferhan), Usturlkan (Rem ma<br />
Adans), Klrmel;eli (Yusuf $ahin), Abbasu,agl<br />
(Ah Rlza Polat, Kamer Çaklr),<br />
Alan (Ali Aras), ArelIi (Hldlr Sadlk), Aslanu,agl<br />
(Celai Yerlikaya), AturanUf8al<br />
(ibrahim Mahmutoglu),Babamansurlu<br />
(Mehm<strong>et</strong> otagün), Bahtlyaruf891 (Aliljéln<br />
Çevik), Balabanll (Haydar Mutlu), Balçlkanh<br />
(Bertal Uzunda{!), Balu,agl (Seyit<br />
Kemaller).Bermazh(HüseyinÇiftçi).Be-<br />
Il. .."_<br />
'.. ~..t . ,y.t'.<br />
'.<br />
-{.5-<br />
I~Ca.l:l " 8.11J'O; l.Lier nIlOi.l:.~. I .... ~.<br />
I<br />
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lM ':rao 14. Y.117K &f.U't~ V• .u.o...~r ..<br />
1!1'....1I1.r<br />
~'aIU&n~<br />
~~.':~~C~IIQ1r.a:<br />
t TIe.. naLo x.1;l"':~y-. \am&mu. tan:.llUf<br />
011.1;: &:'.c ..... ~.:.. ...: .cc:.•• .;:-.~<br />
1 A:.a: ...fJ( ::I..c_ .. ~,anr. Il~t' :e.... C'<br />
I AI.re:.:- !..:-tl.:~-. ~.\ ..' : .;=_ lor.<br />
: ~:Cl~r:"::3B~;:~:,~f:/:~~'~::~:.;:;:~~;<br />
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DEVAM<br />
meydan Omer), Ezellnan (Abdurranman<br />
ÖZbay), Haydanlnh (Nadir Süpnan,<br />
Mustafa Yi{lit), Cllavl (Ebubeklr Yaliar),<br />
Mukurl (Tatar Tayyar), Mem~nh (Mustafa<br />
Yi{lit), Milan (Ali Ihsan Çellktali, Kemal<br />
Da{lgezer).<br />
"KURTCULUK FAALÏVETiNi ~<br />
DESTEKLEVEN A$IRETLER'''''' .<br />
Halikanll (Halls Öztürk). Sakan (Hasan<br />
Kotan), Güyan (Alihan Tatar, Ahm~t<br />
Agit Akturk), Beboyi (M. Ibrahim Gune~),<br />
Beskanll (ismail Alaca,Emln Zengin.<br />
Zahir Topkaya), Celall (l~m~11 .'\Iaca.<br />
Turgut Artaç), Clbranll (Tl' " lV~ngui)<br />
Dilhayranll (Ismail Alace ,,' gut \rtaç,'<br />
Glyas Koyuncu). Hankanll (Ya,n<br />
Ba<strong>de</strong>mcl), Koskanll (ISmail; Alaca. :~;-<br />
dullah Karakurt), Rekkanll ('brahlm ",I,;'<br />
ne~, Ömer $ark, Enver Gün7' SCphan<br />
Güne~. Ismail A.laca, Turgut A.aca), Abasan<br />
(Mahmut Onen, Sadlk Onen), Barava<br />
(Sabri Çakar, AnI Çakar, Memdu~<br />
Çakar), Bile~ki (Salih Usta),: i);qun<br />
($eyhmuz Ekmen, Ibrahim EK['"l
•<br />
•<br />
DEVAM<br />
KIMr), Kofblnlk, Kuran (Mehm<strong>et</strong> YazmacI),<br />
Kurl (HaUl Beko), Kurkanll (Hasan<br />
Tanrlkulu), Kümra,kan (Ahm<strong>et</strong> Kayuncu),<br />
Lebencl, Mendan (Reyit Slcak),<br />
M.I'NVI (Mahmut Dogan), Milli (Salih<br />
Kaymaz), Mlrd •• anll (Ali Aksoy), N•••<br />
ran (Haci Buba Gök<strong>de</strong>mir), Blcanll (Galip<br />
Yüks.I), Re,uran (Sinan T<strong>et</strong>lk), ~a.<br />
bukanh ($lhmüsUm Çiçen), M•• llhan<br />
.(Salim Ekinci), Slmekan (Ömer ÇeUk),<br />
~arklYlln (Abdurrdhman Yüksel, Bekir<br />
Ural),$edd8d1 (Aliz Gökh.an),~emllyan<br />
(Cuma Tartl), Surufhan (Ismail Çakar),<br />
$Ihlinh (Hamdi Seydo, Cevh<strong>et</strong> Turgut,<br />
.rbrahim Y<strong>et</strong>kin, Mehmedi Seydo, Meh.<br />
'm<strong>et</strong> Beyaz), Tamah (Fanses $Iho), Türk.<br />
an ~F"!~tKaraca), TOrkmen ($erif Cevherl),<br />
U~n(Abdullah Oiken), Helol,<br />
Botan (Ömer Öz<strong>de</strong>mir), Gelol (Hasan<br />
E~~inç), ~ürealn (Maksuto{llu Yemen,<br />
HuseYin Isa), Meleyan (Re$it M<strong>et</strong>un),<br />
!?emalkl (Mustafa Basut, Mehm<strong>et</strong> Yigit).<br />
!?Idan (Kaya Oner, Cafer Delan), !?Ikak<br />
(~rs<strong>et</strong> Bayer, Seyit Celai $ahin), Takuri<br />
(Izz<strong>et</strong> Akin, Celai Polat). .<br />
"FAZLA SIKI~TIRMI~<br />
..<br />
<<br />
L<br />
2000'8<br />
Dogru'yu<br />
Anadolu<br />
Basin BIr"-<br />
gi Genel<br />
Ba$kanl<br />
Lüt!ü Akcan<br />
aradl.<br />
Birli~in bugüne<br />
ka-<br />
" dar çlkan<br />
., yaymlarl-<br />
.nlnhemen<br />
h~me~.tü-<br />
_~.<br />
, . -_ mu Turkiye<br />
mn "ha~s konula,,"na aYrllml$h.Ornek,<br />
I$kence MerkezU Propagandanln<br />
He<strong>de</strong>fleri ve Terör Örgütlen",n<br />
1986.<br />
IskencecI Yuzu"<br />
.<br />
Ankara<br />
OLABiLiRSiNiz"<br />
Ana?OI.~BaSin Blrllgl Genel Baskanl<br />
Lutfu Akean'a Klnyas Kartal'In<br />
"Hatlrala"m" kitablnln hazlrlanl$ süreClnl<br />
sorduk. "Kinyas Bey'<strong>de</strong>n hatirala"",<br />
yazmaslnl Istedik. Yaslndan<br />
dolaYIyazamayacaglnl söy1emis.Bana<br />
il<strong>et</strong>ildi Ben <strong>de</strong> konusmasl",n ban.<br />
da kaYltedilmeslnl soyiedim. Konusma<br />
yaplldl. Bant <strong>de</strong>slfre edildlkten<br />
soma yaYina hazlrlanan biçimi ken.<br />
dlslne göturu Idü ve gösterildi Oke.<br />
YI allndlktan soma bastldl .. Akcan<br />
kitapçl~In bes bin<strong>de</strong>n fazla baslldlglnl.<br />
yurtiçi ve dlSIdagltlm,nln yaptl.<br />
dlglnl. ozelilk le Dogu bOlgesln<strong>de</strong>kl<br />
okulIara. unlversltelere gb"<strong>de</strong>nldiglni<br />
söylüyord u Muhab", mlZ, Klnyas<br />
Kartal'Ia yaptlgl gö'usm eYI kendlslne<br />
aktar,nea Ll',!'U .A.kcar'." va"I!,<br />
"KpndlSlnl ~l::L:. slkl~t!rr',c:<br />
olabllrrs'" IZ" b',;'m1nrJe '1Irl.. '<br />
KINYAS KARTAL<br />
"Onlar vazdlrch"<br />
Bir kitapçlk daha. Yirmi iki sayfa.<br />
Bunun künyesi yerli yerln<strong>de</strong>.<br />
BaSin yasaslna uygun. "Kaf$I-propaganda"da<br />
bazen yazann adlnl, ya-<br />
Ylnl, yaYln Ylllni belirtmek daha <strong>et</strong>ki-<br />
Ii olabillyor anlasllan. "Kürtler, Türk<br />
mill<strong>et</strong>inin Dogu Anadolu'daki adldir"<br />
seklin<strong>de</strong>kl resmi tezi, Türk <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>inin<br />
herhangi bir y<strong>et</strong>kilisinin tekrarlama-<br />
SI baska, güçlü Kürt a~ir<strong>et</strong>lerin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
ön<strong>de</strong> gelen bir sahsln söylemesi<br />
baska.<br />
1901Ylhnda bugün Sovy<strong>et</strong>ler Birli\)i'nin<br />
slntrlan için<strong>de</strong> olan Tanmkent'te<br />
dünyayagelen; ba$lndan beri<br />
kaf$1oldugu Bol~evik Oevrimi'n<strong>de</strong>n<br />
soma, asir<strong>et</strong>iyle birlikte 1922Ylhnda<br />
Türkiye'ye gelip Van bölgesine yerlesen,<br />
9 çocuk ve 22 torun sahibi,<br />
Rusça, Franslzca, biraz A1manca,biraz<br />
Arapça ve sözkonusu kitabm<br />
"Türkçe'nin a~ir<strong>et</strong>ler<strong>de</strong> konusulan<br />
sekli" diye tanlmladlgl Kür1çeyi <strong>de</strong><br />
bilen, 15 YII mill<strong>et</strong>vekilligi ve btr dönem<br />
<strong>de</strong> Meclis Ba~kanhgl yapan,<br />
300-400 bin nüfuslu Buriki a~ir<strong>et</strong>inin<br />
ön<strong>de</strong> gelen Ismi Kinyas Kartal. Kendisi<br />
"tanh" alan, onca olaYI bizzat<br />
yaSaml$Kinyas Kartal, Anadolu Basin<br />
Birli{ji' nln glri$imiyle Erlvan'dan<br />
Van'a Hatlrs/arlm adlnl ta~lyan btr<br />
kitapçlk yaYlnllyor.<br />
Klnyas Kartal kltablnda "Kurtçu"<br />
olmadlglnl soylüyordu. Dogulu 01.<br />
....... 1 _<br />
.............. iIIIolh<br />
[lIU'.u<br />
HATIRAlARIM<br />
'fU'J<br />
mak ayn bir mill<strong>et</strong>ten olmaYI gereKtirmezdi.<br />
Türk mill<strong>et</strong>inin blr çok kolu<br />
ve boyu vardl. Kürtler <strong>de</strong> Türk mill<strong>et</strong>inln<br />
Oogu Anadolu'daki adlydl.<br />
Kinyas Kartal anllanm içeren kitapçlkta<br />
"bugünkü sevgislz<br />
ortamda" paylan bulundugu gerekçesiyle<br />
aydlnlarada klzfYO'du.Aydinlar<br />
ciddi incelem<strong>et</strong>er<strong>de</strong> bulunmadan<br />
ash astan olmayan sözler edlyorlardl.<br />
Padi~ahhk <strong>de</strong>vrini kötülüyorlar,<br />
SultanAbdülhamit'e"enva-i türlü "Ithamlarda<br />
bulunuyorlardl. PadlflShhk<br />
dönemin<strong>de</strong> a~ir<strong>et</strong>ler rahattl.<br />
$AHANE AÇIKLAMALAR<br />
"BoI~vik zulmü"ne dayanamaytp<br />
1922 Ylhnda a~ir<strong>et</strong>iyte blrlikte Van<br />
bölgesine yerle~en Kinyas Kartal,<br />
1925'<strong>de</strong>ki "$eyh Sait ayaklanmasl"ndan<br />
soma 1926 Ylhnda izmir'e,<br />
1937Yllinda Trakya'ya ve son olarak<br />
da 1960Ylhnda Sivas'. sürgün editiyordu.<br />
Bunler GzOcüoIaytardl. ."ma<br />
ol.un, bunu bqka mlll<strong>et</strong>1.n birisi<br />
Kinyas Kartel'a yapsaydl, "ktrlhr"dl,<br />
Kandi.l Türk mill<strong>et</strong>inin bir ferdi oIdu-<br />
Ouiçln sürgünlere klrllmak lJOyle dur.<br />
sun, hOliuna da gitmifti. "Dalu yagdl,<br />
benim tartama lsab<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong>ti" <strong>de</strong>mi~<br />
ti. Oysa fimdiki gençler<strong>de</strong> "bu sevgl,<br />
bu baghhk, bu tolerans y<strong>et</strong>eri<br />
kadar" yoktu,<br />
Kinyas KartaI, kitapçlkta "dini duygulan"",n<br />
"milli duygulardan" Once<br />
gelifliOlne dikkat çekiyor, Htristiyan<br />
alemlnin Türk mill<strong>et</strong>ine kar$1<br />
"hasmane" davran~lartndan Omek-<br />
1er aktaflyordu. "Komünizm<br />
tehlikesine" <strong>de</strong> i~ar<strong>et</strong> e<strong>de</strong>n Kinyas<br />
Kartal bu tehlikenin ônlenebilmesL<br />
içln lki yo! Oneriyordu.Bunlardan bin<br />
dlndi, diQeri<strong>de</strong> zenginlik, DOrtbir yammll<br />
dü~manla çevriliydi. Türk'ün<br />
Türk'ten balika dostu voktu.<br />
"~E~iMLE TEMAS EOENLERLE<br />
BIRLlKTE YAZOIM"<br />
12Eytül'<strong>de</strong>n sonra Türk-Islam sentezi<br />
çerçevesln<strong>de</strong> Türk <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>inin resmi<br />
tezi haline g<strong>et</strong>irilen 9örüli1erin,aynen<br />
ve dobra dobra Kinyas Kartal tarahndan<br />
"benimsenmis" olmasl<br />
2000'8 Dol)ru'nun dikkatini çekmiliti.<br />
Oy\e ys 1960 Ylhnclaki"SS'ler sürgünü"nü<br />
konu alan 20 Arahk 1961ta.<br />
rihli Y~n <strong>de</strong>rgisin<strong>de</strong>. "Biz ne kadar<br />
Turküz <strong>de</strong>sek <strong>de</strong> Kürd üz Bunu <strong>de</strong>giftirmeye<br />
lmkan yak" <strong>de</strong>memi~<br />
miydi Kinyas Kartal?<br />
2OOO'eD~ru, Kinyas Kartal'I Van'-<br />
da buldu. Kitabl kendisiyle temas<br />
e<strong>de</strong>nlerle birlikte yazm Iftl Kinyas<br />
Kartal Kitab; için"baslldlktansonra<br />
okudum <strong>de</strong>rsem yalan söy1emlli<br />
olurum" diyordu. Muhabir, KOrtlerin<br />
()o:J(.!uAnadolu'da yll$ayan Türkler<br />
olduOu ve KGrtçenin <strong>de</strong> 0 bOlge<strong>de</strong><br />
a~rf'ttler aras/nda konu(iulan Türkçe.<br />
n~n<strong>de</strong>Oiiik biçimi olduOu feklin<strong>de</strong>,<br />
kltapta yeralan sözleri hatlrlattl Kin.<br />
yas Kaltal'R.<br />
. "T~r.kl~e'<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>mokrasi rejiminln<br />
Istedlglmlz $81;ll<strong>de</strong> çahlimadlOI bir<br />
gerçflktir. Derginizin toplatlldlOlnl<br />
rluy(....m.. diyordu Kinyas KarteI.<br />
"ASLI OLMASA ADI DA OLMAZDI'.'<br />
Kinyas Kartal'a gOreAtatürk Finli'-<br />
ye <strong>de</strong> Macar'a da Türk diyordu, çünkü<br />
0 birlikten yanaydlve birllk i8tiyordu.<br />
~k<strong>et</strong> SüreyyaAy<strong>de</strong>mir'in bir kitablOr1aAtatürk'ün,<br />
"Kurtulus ::;ava-<br />
SIOI Türk ve Kürtier birlikte<br />
kazanml$llr" <strong>de</strong>digini haMatan Kinyas<br />
K",rtal, "Halk aras IOda bir Kürt<br />
kelim('~i var mldlr? Vardlr. Ash olma.<br />
saydl /lai da olmazdl. Bunlar ay" mlll<strong>et</strong>tir.<br />
Bu mill<strong>et</strong> vardlr. BuQdaym kendisi<br />
olmasaydl adl olur muydu? Yak<br />
buralan. kar yagarml$ da. yurürken<br />
'kert-kürt' diye ses çlkarmls da.<br />
BOyl('l !ley olmaz" diyordu.<br />
Kin)'as Kartal, Türkiye için "bura.<br />
SI benim memlek<strong>et</strong>im. Ben memlekelimi<br />
sevenm, refahlnl, kalkmmaslnl<br />
isterim, bölünmesine kaf$IYlm" diye<br />
sürdürüyordu konusmasml. OatH!<br />
önce <strong>de</strong> söylemi$li, "Sf'
o çegi<br />
DEVAM<br />
13/19.12.87<br />
..<br />
BASYAll<br />
DOC1u<br />
PERINÇEK<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong>in kIslf döngüsü<br />
D<br />
evl<strong>et</strong>in "çok gizli" a$ir<strong>et</strong>ler<br />
raporu, herkesin<br />
'. bildigi çok açlk bir ger-<br />
resmen dogruluyor:<br />
GUnUmüzün eumhuriy<strong>et</strong>i,<br />
otoritesini sürdürebilmek için, Do-<br />
~u bölgesïn<strong>de</strong> ~ir<strong>et</strong>ler arasl bölünme<br />
ve çatl$malara muhtaç oldu~unu<br />
dÜ$ünmektedir. Y<strong>et</strong>kililerin "iç<br />
ban$" sloganlan da, "yurt<br />
bütünlügü" ve "<strong>de</strong>mokrasi" sloganlan<br />
da resmi bir ikiyüzlülüktür.<br />
Her <strong>de</strong>mokratik iste~in kar$lslna,<br />
"sonra 12 EylüJ öneesinin kanh<br />
ortamma dönülür" tehdidiyle<br />
kar$l çlkanlar, a$ir<strong>et</strong>ler arasmda<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong>, Dogu bölgesin<strong>de</strong> en y<strong>et</strong>kili memurlannm<br />
eline yIllardIr bir önyargllistesi tutu~turuyor.<br />
Bu önyargIlar, haliyle <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in uygula.<br />
malanna yanslyor. Böylece <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>, "güvenilmez"<br />
damgaslßl vurdugu büyük bir insan kit.<br />
lesini, kendi uygulamalarlyla daba da "güve.<br />
nilmez" bale g<strong>et</strong>iriyor. Ashnda "güvenilmez"<br />
olan, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in kendisidir. E~itsiz uygulamilla.<br />
ra ugrayanlal', bakslzhk görenIer, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>e niçin<br />
güvensin? "Güvenilmez"<br />
Sir döngüsüdür<br />
kanh çau$malardan med<strong>et</strong> umuyorlar. Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong>, 00-<br />
gu'daki varhalnl iç ban$a <strong>de</strong>gil, dÜ$manltklara dayandlnyor<br />
.. A$ire:!
•<br />
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Ad.<br />
G I 1 I. I<br />
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A~IKI.TlloO l,.rr<br />
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I-",r.. lu.:.&t "l'UllC'1l T~"I':':""<br />
I A\'~~plC.&: A,a, .. : ~(~:"'lC-. -<br />
o.:.....r-. v: .1. '~'.J:'"t". h. \ ; •.<br />
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bu (l~ .. ,oa.. . -,,-''''- /<br />
It ... I-It nO'']'' ..~ .... , ,,,-<br />
Dl~r~(r1.rR<br />
1"'&1\6 j(a:L.ma:-.:~.<br />
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NA$iT HAKKI<br />
"Bey'in sermay~s~~tjibahk, sattlgl m<strong>et</strong>a <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> nüfuzudur"<br />
Na~it Hakkl Ulug, Atatürk'ün yakln çevresin<strong>de</strong> yer alan gaz<strong>et</strong>eciler<strong>de</strong>n. 1925'te $eyh Sait isyam<br />
slrasmda Dogu illerin<strong>de</strong> tuttugu notlan,1932'<strong>de</strong> "Derebeyi ve Dersim" adh kitablnda toplaml~.<br />
Kitaptan bazi pasajlan aynen a~aglya ahyoruz.<br />
Artlk bey biliyor:<br />
Cumhuriy<strong>et</strong> nazannda;<br />
Bir bey ile bir köylü araslnda tark yoktur.<br />
Kbylü beyin e~yaslndan saYllmaz.<br />
Bey Istedi{l ini astlflp kestiremez.<br />
Bey. istedi{linin IrZlna sahip <strong>de</strong>{lildir.<br />
Bey, köyün sahibi, köyün bütün mah.<br />
sulatlnln bütün sayinin, için<strong>de</strong> ya~ayan.<br />
lann ve halla do{lacaklann sahibi <strong>de</strong>{lil.<br />
dir.<br />
Bey. vergi verecektir.<br />
Beyza<strong>de</strong>, askere gi<strong>de</strong>cektir.<br />
Bey kanunu tanlyacaktlr.<br />
Bey, memurlan elin<strong>de</strong> maymun gibi<br />
oynatamayac aklir.<br />
Bey, hüküm<strong>et</strong> dairesin<strong>de</strong> masanln ba.<br />
~lnda çöküp istedi{li ~eyi yaptlrmak için<br />
jandarmaYI k ullanamayac aktir.<br />
Bey. <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> merkezin<strong>de</strong> tesis <strong>et</strong>ti{li va.<br />
zly<strong>et</strong>e güvenerek önüne geleni t<strong>et</strong>hi~<br />
e<strong>de</strong>meyecektir. (Sayfa 6)<br />
"Ehliy<strong>et</strong>i hukukiye"yi ~hlslanna inhi.<br />
sar <strong>et</strong>tirmek yolunu bulan bu beyler,<br />
~eyhler ve a{lalar, her mlntlklda kuvv<strong>et</strong>li<br />
bir veya birkaç birlik. yapml~lardlr. Demek<br />
caizse; her nafuz ve tegallüp birli-<br />
{II, kar~llikll menfaat üzerine kurulu bir<br />
türöstten ba~ka bir ~ey <strong>de</strong>Oiidir.<br />
Bu türöstü n sermayesi zorbalik, satli{ll<br />
m<strong>et</strong>a <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> nüfuzudur. (Sayfa 14)<br />
Bir usul daha vardlr: Eie geçirileme.<br />
yen kom~u topraklannl kazanmak için hükum<strong>et</strong>te<br />
mütemadiyen tezvir yaplllr: Ha-<br />
Indlr, iftirakçldlr, gaslptlr ...<br />
Hüküm<strong>et</strong> bu tezvirlere kaplldl ml, elin<strong>de</strong>kl<br />
be~ on jandarma ile üzerine gi<strong>de</strong>mez.<br />
0 zaman hüküm<strong>et</strong>çi olan bey bü.<br />
tün kuvv<strong>et</strong>iyle. <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in emrine AmA<strong>de</strong>.<br />
dir. Devl<strong>et</strong> namlna, rakibini tepeler, ma.<br />
~ Gelecekte makinayla sa~lIacak.<br />
lint mülkünü ya{lma e<strong>de</strong>r, tepelenen çolu{lunu<br />
çocu{lunu alip kaçarsa bey <strong>de</strong><br />
gelir, köye ku rulur.<br />
Hüküm<strong>et</strong>, <strong>de</strong>rebeyine böyle fiilen hiz.<br />
m<strong>et</strong> a<strong>de</strong>r. (Sayfa 16)<br />
39<br />
)
BILAL AKSOY (Ögr<strong>et</strong>men, yazar) DEVJ.l..M<br />
"Rapor yanh~larladolu"<br />
"Elazlg'da ikâm<strong>et</strong> e<strong>de</strong>n kimseler Erzurum'da a~ir<strong>et</strong> reis; olarak<br />
gösterilmi~. Elazlg'ln Karakoçan ilçesi Erzurum'un bir ilçesi gibi<br />
gösterilmi~, 'Kürtçü' olarak fi~lenen Karakoçan Belediye<br />
B~kanl Abdüsselam Çiçek, mensup olmadlgl<br />
bir a~ir<strong>et</strong>in reisi olarak gösterilmi~."<br />
Bizim ülkemiz<strong>de</strong> egemen güçlp<br />
her ne<strong>de</strong>nse canaltcl sorunla'<br />
da caima çeli~kili, iklrcikli bir p<<br />
Iitika izleyedurmu !ilardlr. l!il.<br />
rapor genel olarak incelendi{lin<strong>de</strong>, k.h<br />
da <strong>de</strong>{ler birçok yanh~hklar göze çart<br />
maktadlr. Bunun da ne<strong>de</strong>ni halkla dE"<br />
leI ih~kilennln kopuk olmasl ve <strong>de</strong>vlel'<br />
kendl "Iebaa "sl'1a duydugu kuSkudlJ'<br />
Ben kendl pay'ma, raporda ver al:><br />
yanh!ihklan burada birer birer aklarrr,.<br />
yacaglm C,mku. DoçlUköl.I:'G~sselamÇiçek, m."<br />
sup olmad,è;'b,r a~'r<strong>et</strong>mse" olarak or<br />
tfHllrTllst. n~lh;'l ri::- •. , .... , Q'1.('! '.<br />
haklan olmasa gerek.<br />
~ir<strong>et</strong>ler tarihsel evrim<strong>de</strong> zorunlu t"<br />
a!iamaydllar. Kapitalizmin geli!imesiyl..<br />
birlikte asir<strong>et</strong> olgusu da çözülmeye yu;<br />
tuttu. Bu baklmdan geçmisle aynl as,.<br />
r<strong>et</strong> çatlsl altmda ver alan bireylerin ar<br />
Ilk dü~ünce<strong>de</strong> ve tawda bir baglmhh~.<br />
Ian pek kalmadl insan lopluluklannln t"<br />
klsmlnl tüm<strong>de</strong>n suçlamak veya ovmek<br />
bilimsel bakl!i açtlanyla bagdasmad,q,<br />
da ölen Necip A{la hâlA yaSlyormu~ sanllml~<br />
ve üstelik Mazgirt'in Klzllkale köyün<strong>de</strong>n<br />
oldu{lu seklin<strong>de</strong> yanhs bir ibare<br />
ver alml~tlr. Buna benzer onlarca hata<br />
vardlr.<br />
Öte yandan bir Tuncelilili olarak bugüne<br />
<strong>de</strong>k ah!itl{llmlz ~uçlamalarla karsllasmaktaYlz:<br />
"lsyankAr" ve<br />
"güvenilmez" gibi. .. Niçin güvenilmezmis<br />
Tuncelililer? Birinci Dünya Savasl'-<br />
nda kafileier halin<strong>de</strong> Erzincan'a ve Erzurum'a<br />
kadar ilerleyip buralan Çarhk<br />
Rusyasl'ndan temizleyip Dersim da{llartnl<br />
Çar ordulannln önün<strong>de</strong> çelik bir siper<br />
yapllklarl için mi güvenilmez? Harput<br />
valisi olan Kayseri'nin Feyzio{llu ailesin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Ali Galip'in Sivas Kongresi'ni<br />
basmak için Dersim'e gelerek kendilerine<br />
yapll{ll bu teklifi geri çevirdikleri için<br />
m, güvenilmez? Kurtulus Savasl günlerin<strong>de</strong><br />
Mustafa Kemal ve arkada~lari Yuna"<br />
tehlikesi kar!ilslnda Ankara'dan geri<br />
çekilmeyi tasarladl{ll slrada ak sakahyla<br />
Meclis kürsüsüne çlklp,Efendiler! Biz<br />
buraya ölmeye mi geldik yoksa kaçmaya<br />
ml?' diven Diyap A{la'nln hemSehrileri<br />
olduklan için mi güvenilmez? 1974<br />
Klbns Sava!il'nda gazi olarak madalyalarla<br />
ödüllendirildikleri için mi güvenilmez?<br />
Buna benzer daha birçok örnek<br />
stralanabilir Oysa, Anadolu'nu.., mert.<br />
gibi, insani <strong>de</strong>gerlerle <strong>de</strong> uZlélsttrll
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20-26/12/87<br />
200Q'E DOGRU'NUN<br />
SUÇ9<br />
TOPLATILMASI<br />
mporun sahibin<strong>de</strong><br />
Dev:<strong>et</strong> Güvenlik Mahkemesi, 2000e Dogru'nun 51. saYISlnln, "halkl, Irk ve böige farkhhgl göz<strong>et</strong>ilerek<br />
kin vs dü~manilga açlKça tahrik <strong>et</strong>tigi" iddiaslyla toplatilmasma karar verdi. Oysa söz konusu kapak<br />
haberi, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in Ylilardlr kendi görevlilerine daglttlgl raporun yaymmdan ibar<strong>et</strong>ti. Ve eger bir suç varsa<br />
bu, dogrudan dogruya <strong>de</strong>viate aitti.<br />
~ ~.?)}OOO'eDogru, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in Ylilardir<br />
:6.kel1'digbrevlilerine daglttlgl bir raparu<br />
yaYlmladl. Burada bir suç varsa,<br />
dogrudan dogruya <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>e aittir.".Dargimizin<br />
51 saYls, hakkmda verilen toplatma<br />
karannl yaptlgl basin toplantlslnda<br />
DoQuPerinçek böyle protesto ediyordu.<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong> Güvenlik Mahkemesi, 2000'6<br />
Do~ru'nun 51. saYlsmda yaYlmlanan<br />
"Çok gizli raper - Deviat gözüyla hain va<br />
yanda!l a!lir<strong>et</strong>ler" ba!llikll kapak haberin<strong>de</strong>,<br />
"halkllrk va böige farkhllQIgöz<strong>et</strong>ile-<br />
. rek kin ve dü~manllQa açlkça tahrik<br />
<strong>et</strong>tiQi" iddiaslyla <strong>de</strong>rgi hakkmda sorU!lturma<br />
ba~latml!lve 5680 saYl1iBasm Yasasl'n1n<br />
Ek 1/2. mad<strong>de</strong>si geregince toplatllmasma<br />
karar verml~ti.<br />
15YIIönce hazlrlanan raporda, ne bir<br />
imza. ne bir damga var.<br />
DoQu Perinçek, basin toplantlsmcja<br />
"Kim hazlrladl bunu, emniy<strong>et</strong> mi, MIT<br />
mi, Özel Harp Dairesi mi? Asii suçlu bunu<br />
düzenleyandir" <strong>de</strong>di. 2000'6 Do~ru<br />
böyle bir suçu açlOaçlkanyordu. Sürekli<br />
iç ban,tan söz e<strong>de</strong>nler, iktidarlannlO<br />
ayakta kalmaslOl, a!lir<strong>et</strong>ler araslOdaki<br />
kan davalarlna dayandlrlyorlardl.<br />
"Güvenilmez" olan bir güç varsa, 0 da<br />
bu raporu hazlrlayan <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>ti.<br />
DoQu Parinçek aynca olaOan bir basin<br />
görevinin Türkiye'<strong>de</strong> kahramanhk haline<br />
g<strong>et</strong>irildiQini belirterek, tüm basin kurulu~lannl<br />
dayanl!lmaya çaQlrdl. 2000'6<br />
D~ru, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>ln önün<strong>de</strong> yalnlz b,rakllmamahydl.<br />
Ortak blr tavlr ahnsa, basms yOnelik<br />
bu tür baskllara da cesar<strong>et</strong> edilemezdi.<br />
0<br />
42<br />
~ M.hmut Alm./>: ~ Cumhur K.,kln
..<br />
DEVMl<br />
FIKRi SAC~R<br />
fSHP Gene! Sekr<strong>et</strong>erii<br />
I l ,<br />
"TBMM'<strong>de</strong> baslna baskllarl gün<strong>de</strong>me<br />
g<strong>et</strong>lreceglz"<br />
-,","' "'J<br />
~L.. ...... 1 Ur"<br />
';' ,.8" """ ..<br />
'''l''ul~malar<br />
.... ~ '""<br />
;18<br />
son<br />
basin lehdit edilmek iSIElniyor. San.<br />
aar <strong>de</strong>moklesln klilci glbi basln!n Ozerln.<br />
<strong>de</strong> sallanlyor. Haikin gözü ve kulaQI olan<br />
baslnln, gözü ve kulaQI tlkanmak isteni.<br />
YO~'2Eylül yön<strong>et</strong>iminin aldlQI ilk karar ba.<br />
sina baskl uygulanmasll1lmu$tur, 2OO0'e<br />
D~ru <strong>de</strong>rgisinin 10plalllmasl, bazI yaYln<br />
organlanna çok yüksek cezalar veriimesi<br />
y<strong>et</strong>mlyormu, glbl, gazele, <strong>de</strong>rgi fiyallan<br />
artlrllarak haikin gazele Y8 <strong>de</strong>rgi okuma.<br />
Il engellenmek lateniyor. Amaç larafslz,<br />
<strong>de</strong>mokrasiye Inanan, görev bilincin<strong>de</strong><br />
olan baslnln haberlerl yansllma olana.<br />
Oml yok elmektlr. Halkm ANAP"n bora.<br />
zan! olan TAT'ye mahkûm edilmesi, be.<br />
yirlerln YIKanm1l.Sldlr, Bu oyun yedi YII.<br />
dan beri oynanlyor. TBMM'<strong>de</strong> baSin Ozerin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
baskilRrI. sansürO ve Muzlr Yasasl'nl<br />
eie alan çall$malar yapacaOlz.<br />
Türkiye'<strong>de</strong> klrrlse gerçeklerln ortaya çlk.<br />
masml el"\Clpllevemez. Buna $Idd<strong>et</strong>le tep.<br />
K' gcslo(,yûruz Ozal'I uyanyorum.<br />
CUMHUR<br />
KESKiN<br />
(SHP HakkAri Mi/l<strong>et</strong>vekl!i)<br />
"Mecllse<br />
2 "'<br />
götüreceglz"<br />
:JUt!" cJvgll.J <strong>de</strong>lglsm<strong>de</strong> yaYlmlanml~<br />
olan belge, yuzklzartlel, ulanç vencl'<br />
dir. Bu belge, öle<strong>de</strong>n beri, ülkemizin belli<br />
bir kesimin<strong>de</strong> ya$ayan insanlara kar$1<br />
<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in lulumunu orlaya koymakladlr.<br />
Özellikle bazi a~ir<strong>et</strong>lere ka~1 <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in güven<br />
duymadlQln1 açlklamakladlr. Bu belgeyi<br />
haZiflayanlann resmen bölüeulük<br />
yapllklan açlk bir $ekil<strong>de</strong> ortaya çlkmak-<br />
tadlr. Bu bölge<strong>de</strong>ki insanlar hakklOda ta-<br />
,Inan önyargllan yansltmaktadlr. Bu yöreler<strong>de</strong><br />
ht.kim olan a,tr<strong>et</strong>ler yapls" dav.<br />
Ifli eliyle korun:Tl
YAVUZ<br />
(Gaz<strong>et</strong>eci)<br />
DONAT<br />
"Para cezasl, toplatma<br />
artlk çaglmlZda yok"<br />
, , zamla, para cezaslyla, toplatmayla<br />
baslnln terbiye edilmesi olaYI artlk<br />
ca{jlmlzda pek yok. ikincisi, dava açl-<br />
DEVAM labilir. 1970'e ait bir rapordan dolaYI ne<br />
kadar hesap sorulabilir bilmiyorum. Referandum<br />
sirasinda bazi gaz<strong>et</strong>eler toplatlldl,<br />
sonunda toplatmaya gerekçe gösterilen<br />
yazllar beraat <strong>et</strong>ti. 12 Eylül dönemin<strong>de</strong><br />
bazi gaz<strong>et</strong>eler kapatlldl, sonra kapalma<br />
ne<strong>de</strong>ni olan yaz!!ar takipsizlik karan<br />
aldl. Gaz<strong>et</strong>elerin u{jradl{jl zarar n&<br />
olacak peki?<br />
Misakl Milli slnlrlan için<strong>de</strong>ki büWn insanlann<br />
<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>e baOhliOmdan ~Ophe <strong>et</strong>-<br />
'miyorum. Belli bölgeler<strong>de</strong>ki insanlan, ülke<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
geni~ kitleleri dü~man görmek<br />
çok yanll~. 0 bölgeler<strong>de</strong> slklyön<strong>et</strong>im çok<br />
uzadl. Devl<strong>et</strong> ve halk arasma saQukluk<br />
girdi. Bugün geçilen böige valiliQi sisteminin<br />
ve Hayri KozakçloOlu'nun uygula~<br />
maSlnln yararh oldu{junu dü~ünüyorum.<br />
Halkla <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>i bütünle~tirmeye yöneldigi<br />
için böyle söylüyorum. 0<br />
iSMAiL BE$iKÇi<br />
"Yurtta~hk haklanndan yararlanmak<br />
ko~ulabaglanlyor"<br />
Be~ikçi, Kürt, Kürtçe. gib1 sözcükleri kullanmanm <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in gizli örgütlerinin imtiyazI<br />
oIdugunu vurguluyor. Universite, basm \1'8 yat'gl kurumlan direktif9 uygun oIarak<br />
ge~i çarp1tTyor. 7âbii bu kurumlara <strong>de</strong>vi<strong>et</strong>in sargl göstermesi <strong>de</strong> säz kanusu alamaz.<br />
Be~ikç/, konunun en 6nemli insan haklafl sorunu oIdugu kamsmda.<br />
- Belgenin bütünü hakkmdaki dÜ$ünce/er/niz<br />
nelerdir?<br />
- Birinci alarak, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in gizli örgütleri<br />
Kürt, Kürtçe gibi sözcükleri gay<strong>et</strong> rahat kullanlyor.Gizli<br />
örgüt1erin"gizli" damgah raperlannda,<br />
güvenlik örgütlerinin kurullannda<br />
sorun görü~ülüyor. Fakat baslna, üniversiteye,<br />
mahkemelere YS. Kürt diye bilinen bir<br />
mill<strong>et</strong>in, Kürtçe olarak isimlendirilen bir dilin<br />
mevcut olmadl{jlnln propagandaslnln<br />
yapllmasl söyleniyor. Sözü edilen bu kurumlar<br />
da bu tür propagandaYI gönüllü olarak<br />
yaplyorlar. Propagandaya esas .te~kil<br />
e<strong>de</strong>cek bilgileri, yani resmi i<strong>de</strong>olojiyi zamana<br />
ve mekâna uyarak tekrartekrar ür<strong>et</strong>iyorlar,<br />
yaYlyorlar. Sanki Kürt, Kürtçe gibi sözcükleri<br />
kullanmak, sa<strong>de</strong>ce <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>in gizli örgütlerinin<br />
imtiyazlndadlr.<br />
DiREKTiFLE<br />
ÜRETiLEN PROPAGANDA<br />
ikinci alarak, <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>, Kürtlerin, Kürtçenin<br />
var11{jlnlbiliyor.Fakat, üniversiteye, profe5Ör.<br />
lere Kürtlerin, Kürtçenin olmadl{jlnl vurgu.<br />
layan yazllar yazln diyor.Onlar da bu direktiflere<br />
uygun yazllar yazlyorlar. "Kürtier<br />
Türktür, Kürtçe Türkçenin bir ~ivesidir" diyorlar.<br />
"En bllimsel bilgi budur" diyortar.<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong>,mahkemelere Kürt diye bir mill<strong>et</strong>in<br />
olmadlal konusunda karar verdlrtiyor. Mah.<br />
kemeler bu direktife uyuyorfar. Kürtler<strong>de</strong>n<br />
söz e<strong>de</strong>nlerl, "KOrdOm" diyenlerl cezalan.<br />
dlnyorlar. Basln,<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> taraflndan kendilerine<br />
verlIen bu direktife rlaye! ediyor. Böyle<br />
kurumlann <strong>de</strong>vte! ka~ISlndasayglnhOI olur<br />
mu? Devl<strong>et</strong>, her direktifine ev<strong>et</strong> diyen, en<br />
ufak blr dlrenç göstermeyen bu kurumlara<br />
saygl duyar ml? Bu kurumlara IstediOi<br />
zaman IstedlOI blçlmi vermez mi?<br />
"ÖZ BENLI~INI<br />
INKÂR ETTIKTEN SON RA"<br />
ÜçLJncLJsLJ, belge<strong>de</strong>, "<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>e yararh",<br />
"<strong>de</strong>vle! lçln zararh", "yurdumuza 'bagh",<br />
"yurdumuza baOh görOnOyor", "güvenilmez.....<br />
glbl kategoriler var. Devlel,<br />
"KürdOm' ,dlyenlerl, Kürt ulusal ve <strong>de</strong>mok.<br />
ratlk haklarlnl savunanlarl, KürtlüOün<strong>de</strong>n<br />
vazgeçmeyenlerl "<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> lçln zararll",<br />
"güvenilmez" gibi slnlflandlrmalar allinda<br />
eie ahyor. Siyasal haklanndan, kamu hiz.<br />
m<strong>et</strong>Ierin<strong>de</strong>n, ekonomik ve sosyal haklardan,<br />
kamu özgürlüklerin<strong>de</strong>n yararlanma<br />
hep bu slnlflandlrmalara ba{jh olarak gerçekle~iyor.<br />
Kürtlügünü, yani öz benligini inkâr<br />
e<strong>de</strong>n, TürkJ~n her ~eyolabilir. i~i, ëgrenci,<br />
ëgr<strong>et</strong>men, yarglç, vali, mill<strong>et</strong>vekili, asker,<br />
bakan, profe5Ör,i~daml. sporcu ... Her<br />
~y. "Türküm mutluyum" diyorsanlz, islediginiz<br />
kadar "kredi alabilirsiniz, istediginiz<br />
kadar yurtdl~Jnaçlkabilirsiniz,istediginiz kadar<br />
ithalat-ihracat yapabilirsiniz. Fakat<br />
"Kürdüm" diyenlerin, kürtlügün<strong>de</strong>n vazgeçmeyenlerin,<br />
Kürt haklannl savunanlann<br />
olabilecekleri tek ~ey vardlr: Sanlk, mah.<br />
kûm. Bu, Türkiye'<strong>de</strong> insan haklan konusunun<br />
en önemli sorunlanndan biridir. insan<br />
haklanndan yararlanmak, bir ulusun öz<br />
benligini inkâr ~uluna baOlanabilir mi? Öz<br />
benligini inkâr <strong>et</strong>tikteh sonra geriye birtakln1<br />
hak ve özgürlerin sahibi "ki~i' kahr ml? Ör.<br />
nagin bir ki~iye istediOin gaz<strong>et</strong>eyi okuyabi.<br />
Iirsin, amaönceTürk 01, Türkçeëgren, Kürt<br />
olmaktan vazgeç ... Çünkü gaze!eler aneak<br />
Türkçe yaYlmlanabilir, <strong>de</strong>nilebilir mi? Türkiye'<strong>de</strong><br />
üniversite gibi resmi kurumlarda bulunan<br />
insan heklan <strong>de</strong>rnekleri bu tür sorunlar1aku~kusuz<br />
i1gilenmeyeceklerdir. Devte!<br />
direktifleri uyannca sorunu gërmez<strong>de</strong>n geleceklerdir.<br />
Onlar, Bulgaristan'daki Türklerin<br />
haklan, Bat! Trakya'daki Türklerin haklan<br />
vb. söz konusu olunca co~caklar, Kürtlerin<br />
haklan söz konusu olunca susacaklardlr.<br />
Ancak resmi olmayan ki~i1ertaraflndan ku.<br />
rulan insan haklan <strong>de</strong>rneklerinin uQra~a.<br />
caklarl en önemli sorunlardan biri bu olacaktlr.isteseler<br />
<strong>de</strong> istemeseler <strong>de</strong> bu sorun<br />
kendini dayatml~tlr.<br />
BÖL VE VÖNET FELAKETi<br />
Oördüncü a/arak. belge<strong>de</strong> "hl~lmllk ve<br />
arazi yüzün<strong>de</strong>n Suriye i1ei1i~kilerivar", "~ir<strong>et</strong><br />
Irak'tan gel~e", "Irak'taki aynl a~ir<strong>et</strong> ile<br />
i1i~klleri var", "Iran'da aynl a~ir<strong>et</strong>in kollan<br />
var" ... gibi açlklamalar var. Bunlar, bir ulu.<br />
sun bölündüOünü ve parçalandlOIr)1gösteren<br />
ifa<strong>de</strong>ler olarak <strong>de</strong>Oerlendirilebilir.<br />
Böl.yönel polilikasl elb<strong>et</strong>te emperyaliz.<br />
~ ISMA/L BE$IKÇI<br />
min politikasidir. Fakat, bölünen va parçalanan<br />
kimdir? Böl-yän<strong>et</strong> politikasi ne zaman<br />
dü~ünülmü~, nasli gerçekl~irilm~ir? Ulus<br />
ne gibi zaaflargöstermi~ir ki böyle bir poli.<br />
tika",n he<strong>de</strong>fi olmu~? Bu uygulama",n ne<br />
gibfsonuçlan olmu~? .. lIS.<br />
Ve... böl-yän<strong>et</strong> politikasl",n he<strong>de</strong>fi olmal
..<br />
DEVAU<br />
Bla VAII<br />
Gerçek~kl<br />
Kimileri gerçege küstü dbe, gerçek kahredip<br />
kendi hayatml klyml~ <strong>de</strong>gil. Gerçegi umursamayanlar,<br />
ashnda gerçegi <strong>de</strong>gi~tirme ~ansml<br />
kendilerine tammaml~ oluyorlar. Bu ne<strong>de</strong>nle<br />
Türki~'e'<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>i, orduyu, burjU\'llliyi, bütün<br />
toplumsal slDlflarl ve i1ijkileri tahlil <strong>et</strong>meksi.<br />
lin, sürekli kendisini öne sürerek yapllan sol.<br />
culugu sorgulamak gerekir. Gerçek a~kl, ge.<br />
ni~ kitlelerle birle~menin ve gelecege Ulanan<br />
~'olu açmamn felsefi kaynagldlr.<br />
erçegi aramak vc !>a-<br />
Gvunmak, felsefi anlamda<br />
materyalistin<br />
en <strong>de</strong>rin tutkusudur.<br />
o ne<strong>de</strong>nle sevgi sözcügü y<strong>et</strong>miyor,<br />
"a~k It <strong>de</strong>mek gerekiyor.<br />
Eski<strong>de</strong>n "hakikat a~kllt <strong>de</strong>niyordu,<br />
çok dolu, çok yüklü hir<br />
anlaml var.<br />
Devl<strong>et</strong>in A~ir<strong>et</strong>ler Raporu<br />
bir gerçekti, ama <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> hem<br />
kendi gerçeginin, hem toplum<br />
gerçeginin bilinmesini istemiyor.<br />
Yalmz günün gerçegini <strong>de</strong>gil,<br />
tarihi gerçekleri <strong>de</strong> sevmivor<br />
<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>. Atatürk 'ün Kürt Sorununa i1i~kin belgeieri<br />
yaymlanmea, polisi, savel YI, yarglYI harek<strong>et</strong>e geçirmi~lerdi,<br />
Ama gerçek, gene yerli yerin<strong>de</strong> duruyor.<br />
Ycnilige kar~1 olan, gerçeklerle sava~mak durumunda,<br />
Çünkü en büyük gerçek, <strong>de</strong>gi~medir, yenile~medir.<br />
"Bir Irmakta iki kez Ylkanmak" isteyenlerin gerçege<br />
kar~1 bu tavlrlan anla~lhyor. Ama aSI\ dü~ün.<br />
dürüeü alan, solculann gerçekler<strong>de</strong>n rahatslz olmaland<br />
Ir. Gerçek a~kmdan yoksunluk, bizim solculanmlzm<br />
en göze çarpan zaafldlr. Bir sosyalist <strong>de</strong>rgiyi<br />
gösterdiler geçen<strong>de</strong>. 12 Eylül'ün g<strong>et</strong>irdigi dagltlml<br />
durdurma önleminin ilk kez 2()()()'eDogru 'ya uygulanmasmdan<br />
soma çlkan saYlSlydl. 0 ay basma<br />
yapllan baskllan da yazml~, ama 2000'e Dogru 'ya<br />
daha baslmevin<strong>de</strong>yken el konmasl yak. Sosyalistimiz,<br />
begenmedigi gerçegi atlayarak politika yaptlgml dü-<br />
~Ü\1üyor. Ne var ki, onlar gerçege küstü diye gerçek<br />
kahredip kendi hayatma klyml~ <strong>de</strong>gil. Ba~ka örnek-<br />
Ieri <strong>de</strong> var. Solcu oldugu anla~llan kimi okuyucular:ml7dan<br />
zaman zaman mektuplar ahyoruz. 1s<br />
adamlanyla, generallerle, tutucu politikacllarla ilgili<br />
hd.berlcr<strong>de</strong>n tedirgin olduklan anla~lhyor. 'Bize ne<br />
onlann hayatmdan, bize ne düzenin kurumlanndan;<br />
bll~ i~çilerin nasii sömürüldügünü, çekilen aCllan yalin'<br />
divorlar.Ku~kusuz sömürü ve baskl da, ülkemi-<br />
Lin bi~ gerçegi ve bu <strong>de</strong>rgi projektörlerini özellikle<br />
1O(11umun büyük çogunlugunu ilgilendiren ve üzeri<br />
hrtllimek istenen olaylann ülerine tutuyor. Ama solun<br />
en buyük ihtiyael, kendi gerçcgini ~inelemek <strong>de</strong>.<br />
gil, fakat bütünüyle Türkiye ve dünya gerçegini bilrncktir.<br />
YalOlz kendi gerçegiyle ilgilenmek, toplumun<br />
diger slIllflanmn ve kurumlannln gerçeklerine Slrt<br />
çcvirmek, ashnda geleœgi olmayan slmflarm tavndir.<br />
Bugün hayat, ken'Ciisini topllllllia birlikte kunara(a\...<br />
alan, en geni~ yurekli smtra ~elcœk vaat ediyor.<br />
DünyaYI <strong>de</strong>gi~tirmek isteyenkr. her ~ey<strong>de</strong>n önce<br />
0 <strong>de</strong>gi~tirrnek iSlcdikleri dLinyay'l bilmek dururnundadlrlar.<br />
Degi~tirrnel" mii(a<strong>de</strong>ksi <strong>de</strong>, gerçekler<br />
DOGU<br />
PERiNÇEK<br />
I.clllinindc yapIlIyor. DUnya biz<br />
istedigimil için <strong>de</strong>gil, bili ku-<br />
~atan ili~kiler clvcrdigi için <strong>de</strong>gi~iyor.<br />
im.amn katklsl ise, gerçeklcr<br />
zeminin<strong>de</strong> bir roi oynu~<br />
yor. Gerçegi umursamayanlar,<br />
ashnda gerçegi èe~i~ti:r:.e $~m.<br />
sim kendilerine tumr.:l~ml$ oluyorlar.<br />
Bu nc<strong>de</strong>ll:e 'ftrldye'<strong>de</strong><br />
dcvlcti, orè ... :yu, lwr:uïaziyi,<br />
butün toplums?l ~nmfhn ve<br />
ili~kileri tahlil e:œekr,i:z1n, sUrekli<br />
kendisini Or:e sürerek yapllan<br />
<strong>de</strong>vrirnc!!iAi sorgulamak<br />
gerekir.<br />
hl,:ilcr ve köy emckçilcri nasii s~mt~rUldüklerini,<br />
nasii ezildiklerini merak <strong>et</strong>miyorlsr, çünkU bunlan<br />
ya~lyorlar vc biliyorlar. SosyaHzrr.i, bir sömürU ve<br />
baskl e<strong>de</strong>biyalma indirgeyenler<strong>de</strong>, b:r ~$çit~Vrl1ldall<br />
çok, kârh bir yatmm alam bulmu~ i'.Ç'kgöz giri~imdnin<br />
ruhunu görmek mUmkUndUr.<br />
Son Ylllarda Sol, çok kendine dönmO$, çok ben.<br />
cille~mi~tir. 1stanbul'da iki hafta önce ynpilan "Ge.<br />
nel Ar ve ldam Cezalanna HaYlr" yO.!':lyü~ü ve mi.<br />
tingi, sola kendi gerçegini gör,nesi için bir ayna tut.<br />
tu. 0 aynaya yanslyan yüz<strong>de</strong>, iç~ kap:l::lk ve benmer.<br />
kezci bir ruh halinin çizgilerini ckuya::lar olrnu$tur<br />
herhal<strong>de</strong>.<br />
Bir felsefe sorunudur bu. Sol, topLmun önUne sürekli<br />
kendini koyarak, sürekli kendi sorunlanm dayatarak<br />
geleceAin yolunu açamaz. Top!umun ,gerçek.<br />
lerin<strong>de</strong>n kopmak, kaçmllmaz oi:uak g:mi$ kitlelerin<br />
sorunlanndan ve taleplerill<strong>de</strong>n kopma:< anlarnma da<br />
geHyor. Oahasl, Soldaki içine kap ..mmn, yer yer yalmz<br />
kendi küçük grubunun gerçe~il1e h
mahdir.<br />
Ile<br />
La~in<br />
Talabani:<br />
kararhhk,<br />
biz<br />
banel<br />
b:t'hI111I1n<br />
Ortado-'<br />
n~lmlenmz<br />
Bunu<br />
, Talabani:<br />
gem~<br />
ise<br />
oo~<br />
°neKta<br />
6.12.87<br />
SÖYlE~i I CElAl TAlABANi<br />
•<br />
yaslndan uzak olu~turulmahdlr. <strong>de</strong> birle~tirmek istiyoruz. tnanclm<br />
d- Böige halklannln tereih hak- 0 ki, eephe ayaklan üstüne basa-.<br />
tarIna saygl gösterilmelidir. eaktlr. Çünkü bunun hem olanak-<br />
Kürtlerin konumuna gelince: lan, hem <strong>de</strong> zorunlulugu vardlr.<br />
önemli bir halktJr 0 :'IIokta: Ulusal Kongre'yi savun-<br />
ABD, Il KürtIer<br />
M gu'null omurgasl olan Kürdistan'- d.u~unu~ ~i1in~!or. ~u ko~udaki gi-<br />
K e e I · Kürdistan<br />
III st.atejik önemiyse çok büyüktlir 0 bolge ulkelen taraflOp<strong>et</strong>rolü,<br />
ma<strong>de</strong>ni, enerji dan engellenmiyor mu?<br />
ür<strong>et</strong>imin<strong>de</strong>ki ze.ngin su kaynaklarI Talabani: Biz ~u a~amada "Uluve<br />
tanmlyla, kendi kendisine y<strong>et</strong>e- sai Kongre" için görü~me ve koor-'<br />
urt erln<br />
• • • bilecek büylik bir potansiycl giJÇ-1 dinasyonun gcrekliligini savunuyo-<br />
t miylc Kürt sorunu, "UluslarIn, engeller böige <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>lerinin yamn-<br />
tür. Bu niteligiylc yc büyük öne-I ruz. Ev<strong>et</strong>, engeller vardlr. Ama bu<br />
sempa ISlnl<br />
Kendi Ka<strong>de</strong>rini Tayin Hakkl" çer-\ da ve bunlardan önce kimi Kürtlertopla.<br />
maya ve kahel bir bam gerçekle~tirile-: <strong>de</strong>rliklerinin dü~üneeleri yereldir,<br />
çevesin<strong>de</strong> çözelme<strong>de</strong>n, bölge<strong>de</strong> adil <strong>de</strong>n kaynaklamyor. BaZI Kürt ön<br />
mez, : otar~iktir. Onlar bu tür bir giri~imca<br />
geçmi~inize bakt.gimlzda, ilginç bir: dlrmaktan korkuyorlar,<br />
ISlyor grafikle kar~lla~lyo:l:Z. tni~ ve Çl- Nokta: Cephe bildirgesin<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
I<br />
Il Nokta: Si}'asal bir li<strong>de</strong>r olarak, Ie, ili~ki<strong>de</strong> olduklan <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>leri kJ7.-<br />
# #, Ikl~lardan olu~an bir grafik. Yenil-: Kürtler üzerin<strong>de</strong> oynanan uluslar-<br />
Celai Talabani, Irak y~n<strong>et</strong>imine, Bizim sloganlnlli "Ya zafer ya giler, ba~anlar ve ilginç g~rü~~e-' arasl komplolardan söz ediliyor.<br />
kar$l uzun Yllillrd" siÜlhhmüœ<strong>de</strong>le ölüm"dür, "Ya Kürdistan ya da 11ervar bu ya~amlmzda ... OrneglO, 0 biraz somutla~tlrlr mlslOlz?<br />
yürüten Kürt li<strong>de</strong>rlerin<strong>de</strong>n biri'löliJm"dür. Biz <strong>de</strong>digimizi yapa. '1983 sonlannda Saddam Hüsey!n'- 0 Kürt kurtulu~ hareke-<br />
/964 Yllmda Molla Mustafa Barza- rIZ" ole masaya oturuyor, antla~ma Im- , tln<strong>de</strong> uluslararasl komplolar çokni<br />
ileyollan aynilln Talabani, uzun Nokta.: ~rt~~o~u'da ~ü,~t ~oru-zahyor, çok sürme<strong>de</strong>~ <strong>de</strong> bu.antl~-I tur. Seyk!s-Blko komplosu, Siver,<br />
)'Illar sesini duyuramlyor ve ger; nunun çozumu IÇIOne du~unuyor- 'may. bozarak sava~ Ilan edlyorsu-, l, Dünya Sa Ya~l somas! imzalanan<br />
planda kailyordu. 1975 yen;lgls; sunuz? :nuz. Siz geçmi~iniz<strong>de</strong> çizdiginiz bu 'Lozan Antla~masJ. Daha soma<br />
Talaban;'ye yen; bir kapl açacak, Talabani: Kürt sorununun radi-<br />
I<br />
itabloyu nastl <strong>de</strong>gerlendiriyorsunuz?: Kürdistan'm bölünme komplosu.<br />
Kürdlstan Yurtsever Birlili'ni ku- kaI çözümü için görü~ümüz ve 0 Kesintisiz <strong>de</strong>vrimei s~": Halla Sadabat vc Irak- Türkiye itrup<br />
genel sekr<strong>et</strong>er olllrak ba$ma ge- inanelmlz Kürt ulusu için kendi ka-lva~lmdan ve müea<strong>de</strong>le alanlIIm gl- ' tifakl, Ingilterc ve ABD'nin ~ah'-<br />
fecek ve yükseli$; bu tarihten son- <strong>de</strong>rini özgüree tayin hakkldlr. Bu, rift zorluklanndan uzak olanlar, si-: la anla~arak Mehabat Kürt Cumra<br />
ba$1ayacaktl. sorunun çözümünün geleeegi isc, yasal çoeukluk hastahklanndan, huriy<strong>et</strong>i'nin 46'larda Ylkllma~l. Ve<br />
80'1iYlliarda ;se Talabani, artlk ülkemizin kurtulu~udur. Ulusumu- ! malullükleriyle gerçegi kavrayaml- ' son olarak Cezayir Antla~masl bu<br />
bölgenin ve Kürtlerin en <strong>et</strong>kin li<strong>de</strong>ri zun kendi ka<strong>de</strong>rini tayin hakkml! yorlar. Görü~meler, <strong>de</strong>vrimei mü- komplolara örnek verilebilinir.<br />
olmu$tu. Yaptlll hereylem, verdi- gerçckle~tirebilmesi, süregen klhn- ea<strong>de</strong>lenin bir parçasldlrlar. Devrim- :\okta: Ortadogu'da tran tslam<br />
Ii her <strong>de</strong>meç dünya basln' tarafln- mas! gereken halkçl müea<strong>de</strong>lemizin ei müea<strong>de</strong>lenin soluklana~~k yeni- ' Devrimi'n<strong>de</strong>n sonra islam'a büyük<br />
dan ilgiyle kar$llanacak, <strong>et</strong>kinlili zorlu yolundaki engelleri a~abilme- ,lendigi momentierdir. Ornegin" bir yöneli~ oldllgu ileri sürülü}'or.<br />
<strong>de</strong> her geçen gün bira:. daha arta- siylc mümkündür. Zafer içinse, Çin'<strong>de</strong>, Vi<strong>et</strong>nam'da, Cezayir'<strong>de</strong> ve Siz bu konuda ne dü~ünüyorsunuz'!<br />
eaktl. Zekâsl ve pragmatik politik halklmlzm müea<strong>de</strong>lesin<strong>de</strong>n ba~ka- ~u günler<strong>de</strong> EI Salvador'daki kur- Talab~lßi: Ben ,bu görü~e k~tllml:<br />
ki$ilili)'le öteki Kürt li<strong>de</strong>rleri ara- ,ca bir çözüm yoktur. Bu, toplum- tulu~ müeadclesini yürüten güçle- yor~m. 1~1~'m msan~!k üzenn<strong>de</strong>kl<br />
smda sivrilen Taillbani, Kerkük, sai geli~menin zorunlu oldugu ilke- rin, geriei diktatörlüklerle görü~me- 0 <strong>et</strong>klsl, on,un ulv! yapl~mdan:<br />
Süleyman;ye Erbil ve Musul gibi seI yasadlr. leri gibi .. , dir. Islam, ona Iman e<strong>de</strong>nlen, ken,dl<br />
önemli $eh;rlerin fevresini elin<strong>de</strong> Nokta: Büyük <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>lerill Klirt- Kürdistan <strong>de</strong>vrim tarihi tamktlr: '~oruyuculugu altma ahr ve yön<strong>et</strong>lr.<br />
tutuyor. Celai Talabani, kendls;y- leri kullandlklan ilui sürülüyor. Bu müea<strong>de</strong>le çe~itli evrelerini ~te ~and~n, ,Islam halklannm gele<br />
görü$en Nokta muhabirinin so- Gerçekten KürtIer kullamhyor mu? 1962'<strong>de</strong>n beri silahh ve silahSlZ kat- nl~ blr keslml mazlum ve mahr~mrularml<br />
yamtilldl. Talabani: Bugün büyük <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>lcr <strong>et</strong>mi~tir. dur. Onlar z,ulüm ve n:ahru.m,ly<strong>et</strong><br />
Nokta: tran-Irak arasmda <strong>de</strong>vam Kürt sorununa gerekli önemi ver- Rica e<strong>de</strong>rim ammsaVIn!Z, 1963'te kar~lsmda, slyas~1 partl v~ flk!rlee<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sav~m gelecegini nasll görü- rniyorl:u ki, onu nia nasli oynaSIn' ben rahm<strong>et</strong>li Barzani'nin ve parti rin, onlara gerekh alternatlren s~yorsunuz?<br />
Siz hangl olastll~lara ~ö- lar 0 geçmi~te ABD, v~ in~;i- pOliibürosunun (ki ben <strong>de</strong> 0 za- ~~ma~alan, onlan tekrar sIam a:<br />
re hazIrlaOlyorsunuz? Örneem, l':rc, Kurt sorununda çe~lth oyur.- manlar üyesivdim) emri ve 1963 ~oneltIYor.<br />
1975 Cezayir Antla~masl gibi bir lar ovnaml~tl. Gelecckte <strong>de</strong> bun,] Martl'nda Ku~'sancak Konferansl'- Halklann istemi özgtir, <strong>de</strong>mokdurum<br />
söz konusu olursa ne yapar- h,lZIrlamyorlar: Fa~a~ ?U oyu~l:n nm onaYlyla, ;ubat cunta hüklime- ratik ve mutlu bir ya~amdlr. Bu taslmz?<br />
~ gcleœktc geçnll~tekl glbJ tekrar-:Cl:l- tiyle yürütülen görü~mcler<strong>de</strong> Kürt lebin gerçekle~mesi ve buna uygun<br />
Talabam: Irak'm Islam Cumhu- maya;;aktlr. Yeni oyun, Kün h
•<br />
, DEVAM<br />
n, tllal-. Pa1l1si'nin yayllmaclh~lna<br />
karSI birlikten ~eçiyor. Do~al ve<br />
mantlkh olan karslllkh yardlmlasma<br />
ve ortak düsmana karSl çlkmaktlr.<br />
Inanclm 0 ki, bu ittifak Çlkarlanmlz<br />
do~rultusundadlr. Bu ittifakl<br />
ortak zaferimiz gerçekleSlirilene<br />
kadar, anlaStI~lmlz çerçeve<strong>de</strong><br />
nan bir ihtilalciyim. Sosyalizm Ise<br />
özün<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>mokratik ça~dashklir.<br />
Nokta: Gorbaçov'un Glasnost po.<br />
litikasl konusunda ne düsünüyorsu.<br />
nuz?<br />
Talabani: Bana gore, yoldt1S<br />
Gorbaçov'un "Açlkhk" politikasl<br />
SSCB'nin gelisimin<strong>de</strong> gerçekçi ve<br />
zornnludur. Sovy<strong>et</strong> t oplumullun<br />
he<strong>de</strong>flerinin gerçeklcSlI.ilmesi, toplumun<br />
ilcrlemcsi ve ulusiararasi ban.;<br />
için bu politika gcreklidlr. Umucl\lrn<br />
bu harcl.Clin Kurt ilalkmlll<br />
"llrtulu~ mut:adck,int: Im.öill kay-<br />
ILlgl olmasldlr.<br />
Nokta: Kadm haklarl konusun-<br />
da düsüncelerinizi ögrenehlflr "li.<br />
ylm?<br />
Talabanl: Kadmlann erkekler<br />
karSlsmdaki turn haklarlm vermek<br />
ve esitHAini tammak gerekir . Bu<br />
gerçeklestirilirken <strong>de</strong>, kadmm kur.<br />
tulusu, esitliAi ve haklan
DEVAH<br />
A~ir<strong>et</strong> Lireyleri bölgeyi öylesine<br />
iyi taruyorlardl ki, güvenlik kuvv<strong>et</strong>lerinin<br />
aramalan hiçbir<br />
sonuç vermedi.<br />
t~te tam bu S1Tada<br />
<strong>de</strong>Heye Hürriy<strong>et</strong> gaz<strong>et</strong>esinin<br />
Gi.meydogu<br />
temsilcisi Aziz Korkmaz<br />
girmi~, kaçaklarla<br />
temas kurmaYI<br />
basarrru~tJ. Bu kadar<br />
da <strong>de</strong>gil. Gaz<strong>et</strong>eci<br />
Korkmaz, günlerce<br />
süren temaslardan<br />
soma kaçaklardan<br />
bir klSml!11teslim 01-<br />
ma konusunda da<br />
ikna <strong>et</strong>mi~, ilk parti<strong>de</strong><br />
iki ki~i, Mehm<strong>et</strong><br />
Yüce ile Mahmut<br />
Adlyaman 7.<br />
"I. KO?Jl:çlOClu Ordu Kurmay Ba~kam<br />
il-: \IIT Böl~e<br />
Î'~om .•am'nm ellerini OP'?I':\:tcsli:11<br />
olmu~lardl<br />
Bundan sonraki ;!cli):n<strong>de</strong>r pd. i.;<br />
açlC\ (jegildi. Öncc (Jdzcteci Korkmaz<br />
saibeli bir trafik bZaSllla kurban<br />
gitmi~, ard.ndan da olaylan<br />
ba~latan Cumhul i~Cl Sa\ CISl Abdurrahman<br />
Cadur, ,'dn güvenligi<br />
olmadlgl gerekçesiyle gön<strong>de</strong>rildigi<br />
Gemerek'te meçhul ki~iier tarafllldan<br />
kur~un ya~muruna tutularak<br />
ölduri.llmu~lü, l!stelik, birinci olayda<br />
Korkmaz'l la~I\'ar. 010ITI'.>bii<br />
Mire aitti ve I
•<br />
29.11.87 /5.12.87<br />
Güneydogu'da daglan korku bekliyor<br />
Koruculuk kâbus a/du<br />
Zorla korucu yapllmak istenen bazI köylüler va<br />
baskl altmdaki muhtarlar köylerinl terkedlyor<br />
"Burada yasamak isteyen insanlann<br />
ilk önce içlerine sinmis olan<br />
korkuyu yenmeleri gerek. Yoksa yasamak<br />
mümkün <strong>de</strong>~il." Mardin'e<br />
ba~h Gereüs ilçesinin eski Belediye<br />
Baskam Adnan Ekmen, yalmz kendi<br />
ilçesi için <strong>de</strong>~il tUrn GUneydo~u için<br />
bu tammlamaYI yaplY0r. Gerçekten.<br />
<strong>de</strong> yöre<strong>de</strong> "korku" elle tutulabi1iyor.<br />
Mardin çevresi. fiili soka~a çlkma ya.<br />
saklan, bir yerlesim<strong>de</strong>n ötekine konvoyla<br />
gidilmesi, korueuluk için köylülere<br />
yapllan baskllarla hunun en<br />
eanh örneklerini veriyor.<br />
Muhtarslz<br />
köyler<br />
Yolüstü Karakol Komutam Basçavus<br />
Orhan, bütün köylüleri meydana<br />
toplamlS, sunlan söylemisti: "Ya bu<br />
silahlan alaeakSInIZ ya da buradan çekip<br />
gi<strong>de</strong>eeksiniz. Yoksa siti yasatmam."<br />
Mardin'in pek çok ilçesin<strong>de</strong>,<br />
zorla korueu yaptldl~lru ya da yapllmak<br />
istendi~ini söyleyenlere rastlamak<br />
mümkün. Aym ne<strong>de</strong>nle, Mardin'in<br />
köylerinin birço~unda $U anda<br />
muhtar yok. Çünkü, jandarmalann<br />
korueu bulmak için ilk zorladl~1<br />
kisiler muhtarlar. Bu baskllardan YIhp<br />
köyü ilk terke<strong>de</strong>nler <strong>de</strong> yine onlar.<br />
Midyat'ta müteahhitlik yapan<br />
Faruk Midyat, "Ben Gereüs'te, bir<br />
partinin ilçe baskam olan akrabamm<br />
evin<strong>de</strong> kahyordum. Geee D. köyünUn<br />
muhtan gelip evin sahibine SlglOdl.<br />
•Askerler köy<strong>de</strong> korueu olaeakslmz<br />
diye slklstmyorlar korkuyorum' <strong>de</strong>di.<br />
Yani oluyor böyle seyler" diye anlauyor.<br />
Gi<strong>de</strong>meyenler ya korueulugu<br />
Kabul edlyor ya da Avukat ~ehmuz<br />
Miroglu'nun soyledigi gibi, "Çesitli<br />
bahanelerle köye operasyon yapan askerlerin<br />
hakar<strong>et</strong>lerine ve dayaklanna<br />
katlanmak zorunda kahyor."<br />
Anlaulanlann ara~unlmasl için<br />
köylere gidilmeye kalklldlgmda, ilk<br />
engel olarak pek çok köye askerlerin<br />
yerlesmis oimasi karsmlza çlktyor. Bu<br />
köylere girilemiyor. Askerler gittikleri<br />
köyler<strong>de</strong> okulIara yerlesiyorlar. Köy<strong>de</strong><br />
bulunduklan süre için<strong>de</strong>. fiilen. !lece<br />
sokaga çlkma yasagl uygulaOlyor.<br />
Bunun en çarpt<strong>et</strong> örne~ Dereiçi köyün<strong>de</strong><br />
yasananlar. Hayvanelltk yapan<br />
köylüler, aksam topladtklan sürü<strong>de</strong>n<br />
eksik olan hayvanlan aramaya çlkamadlklan<br />
için, birçok koyunun kurtlara<br />
yem olmaktan kurtulamadlgml<br />
anlauyorlar .. Ömerli ilçesinin köylerin<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> hava karardtktan soma ula.<br />
Stmm durdu~u ve kimsenin bu köylere<br />
gidip gelemedi~i anlauhyor.<br />
Askerlerin bulunmad1~1 baZI köylere,<br />
yol kesmeler, aramalar, kimlik<br />
kontrollerin<strong>de</strong>n soma gitmeyi basardtglmzda,<br />
köylülerin merakh ve korkulu<br />
gözleri sizi karSlhyor. Köye bir<br />
yabanelrun gelmesi, çok zaman ardmdan<br />
bir dizi sorunun gelmesi anlamlna<br />
geliyor. Bu yüz<strong>de</strong>n çocuklara, tammadtklan<br />
k.imselerle konusmama-<br />
Ian ~11,1 Slkl tcmbih ediliyor. Çünkü,<br />
her an "teröristlere yard lm <strong>et</strong>tikleri"<br />
suçlamaslyla karSI karSlya kalabilir-<br />
1er. Ihharelhgm had safha\'a \'ardl~1<br />
bir ortamda bu korkulann~ hak ve~memek<br />
mümkün <strong>de</strong>gil. Nusaybin'<strong>de</strong>n<br />
H., "Asker birini ('\'in<strong>de</strong>n alaeagl zaman,<br />
kaplYI aYIlI köy<strong>de</strong>n hir baska ki-<br />
~iye çaldmyor. Böylece ihbarelhl,<br />
süphöi h('~IeOlYW" dive anlatlvw<br />
Kö~'lerdrn~öç<br />
Ha\ a karardlktan 'Olua girdigimi7<br />
köydc ill, I,orklllll kar~llamadan ,onra<br />
hir e\'e misafir cdiliyoruz. çogll<br />
köy i-.orucusu olan hir toplulukla. hazen<br />
~aOlmlzdakilerin Kürtçe tercüme-<br />
Irrin" ha~\ III,11.1" ,,,hhctc ha ..hvnrul<br />
(,l'n\' hn ",\\ ~'"I1(II,"1 ,Illlatl\'or<br />
""o\i1n lek Ira"I'H 'IIrllciI ..uYIlI11.<br />
"mllclI nlmarna" irin hir a\ kaçlll11.<br />
I\"\l' !!elmcdilll. rraktoritn hir ~uru<br />
horlll \ ar. (ah'nla?~am na ..Ii Il<strong>de</strong>llccek'.'<br />
S('nllllda medll1l kaldlm i-.oru-<br />
ClI oldllm !lana so hin lira lIlaa~ \eriyollar.<br />
hen ,nInie I~O bill lIra oduynrUI11..<br />
Bir digcrl ,lnlalI\Il': "Kol11utana<br />
<strong>de</strong>di" ki. hll fakir adamlI. '01-<br />
lah nalllll,tur. hi? <strong>de</strong>gIi ko~u, \erdiginil<br />
bu ,ilahl bile koruvaca" dumlllda<br />
<strong>de</strong>gili?, Ama dinlemedi,"<br />
Henul korllcu olmaml~ blr ba~ka<br />
köylu anlal1Y0r: "Beni görurler~e pesimi<br />
blrakl1llyorlar. '\1a<strong>de</strong>m ki ,ilah<br />
almadlll (1 laman e\'ini köy<strong>de</strong>n ta~lyacak'\Il'<br />
dl\ 'lrlar .. \ ,kerler köye geldiklerin<strong>de</strong><br />
~a kaçl~orum ya da ,aklanlyorum,"<br />
Koyluler simdiye <strong>de</strong>k uç<br />
ailenin hu YU/<strong>de</strong>n koy<strong>de</strong>n taSllldlgl-<br />
111. iki ailenin <strong>de</strong> koy<strong>de</strong> kalmadlklann!<br />
\ c c\lerine gi/lice gelebildikleri-<br />
III anlallyorlar. Anlatllanlar sa<strong>de</strong>ee bu<br />
koye mahsus <strong>de</strong>giL Gercüs l'ski Belediye<br />
Ba~kalll Ekmen, "Yöre<strong>de</strong>ki pek<br />
çok köy<strong>de</strong>n göçe<strong>de</strong>n aileler oldu.<br />
Hattâ bir köyün muhtan köy<strong>de</strong>n Çlkacagllll<br />
söyll'yerek, borçla da olsa<br />
hayvanlarllla ahcl bulmaml istedi" diye<br />
anlatlyor. Diyarbaklr'da konu~tugumuz<br />
taksi ~oförleri, yalmz Mardin'<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>gil, kendi köylerin<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> göçlerin<br />
görüldilgunu belirtiyorlar.<br />
Mardin bölgesin<strong>de</strong> hemen herkesin<br />
~ikay<strong>et</strong>çi oldugu bir konu da konvoy<br />
uygulamasl. Hava karardlktan soma<br />
Mardin'in ilçelerine gitmek isteyenler,<br />
ilçe yollannda, belli merkezier<strong>de</strong>, kimi<br />
zaman yedi saate kadar varan surelerle<br />
bekl<strong>et</strong>iJiyorlar ve konvoy halin<strong>de</strong><br />
yola çlkartlhyorlar. Özellikle<br />
Gereü~ yolu üzerindc iki tankerin yakllmasmdan<br />
sonra bir güvenlik önlemi<br />
olarak baslal1lan bu uygulama,<br />
amaema ters sonuçlara yolaçlyor.<br />
Taksi soförü Mahmut, "Bir kere<br />
konvoya yakalanmlSl1m. Basta askeri<br />
araç gidiyor, ama sondak.i araçlar korumaSlZ,<br />
adamlar geHp bir sürü arabaYI<br />
soydular" diye anlal1Yor. Avukat<br />
~ehmuz Miro~lu, "lnsanlar saatleree<br />
arabalarmdan indirilme<strong>de</strong>n, aç,<br />
susuz, uykusuz bekl<strong>et</strong>iliyor. Klsm bir<br />
<strong>de</strong> so~uk var" diyor. Batman'da görevli<br />
bir doktor, askerlerin konvoy<br />
için bekleyenlere kötü muamelesin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
sikay<strong>et</strong> ediyor. TEK soförü Nur<strong>et</strong>tin,<br />
konvoyun tehlikeyi daha çok<br />
dav<strong>et</strong> <strong>et</strong>tigini savunuyor: "Adamlar<br />
saldlrmak istesell'r aym anda bir süru<br />
arabaYI vurabilirler." Mardin Va-<br />
Ji,i Alaattin Turhan ise, daha önee<br />
hazl ~ikay<strong>et</strong>lerin oldugunu belirtiyor:<br />
"Tu gay Komutam'na söyledim, küçlik<br />
araçlan ve isteyeni blrakm <strong>de</strong>dim.<br />
Ihtiyari olmasl gereken bir uygulama.<br />
~e kadar <strong>et</strong>kili bir önlem oldugu tarlI~llabilir.<br />
Simdilik özellikle tankerler<br />
için bu uygulama <strong>de</strong>vam e<strong>de</strong>eektir."<br />
Bölgeye sinen korku, köyler<strong>de</strong>, ilçeler<strong>de</strong>,<br />
~ehirler<strong>de</strong> farkh sur<strong>et</strong>ler<strong>de</strong><br />
ortaya çlktyor. Insanlar konu~maktan.<br />
rl'sim çektirmekten, özellikle<br />
Isimlerinin \'aZilmasmdan kaçlmyorlar.<br />
Ama. "Sen gidip yazaean, soma<br />
biz ne olaeaglz" diyenlere, köyün Çlkl~lI1a<br />
Kadar gelen genç korueu karSI<br />
çlklyor: "Abi ne olur bunlan yazll1<br />
artlk. dayanacak güç kalmadl." ::J<br />
KEMAL CAN/Mardin<br />
Mardin Valisi Turhan<br />
"Zaria karucu alan<br />
bana gelsin"<br />
Afardin Va/isi A/aattin Turhan<br />
"~()r/akOnlcu/uk" üzerine Yen;-<br />
(jlin<strong>de</strong>m 'in sOTU/aT/nicevapladl:<br />
• Bölge<strong>de</strong>ki birçok köy<strong>de</strong>. köy-<br />
Illier, koruculuk yapmalan için<br />
jandarmarun kendilerine bask1<br />
yapl1gmdan sikây<strong>et</strong> ediyorlar.<br />
Turhan- Kesinlikle böyle bir sey<br />
yok. Zaten bu bir itimat i~i. Zorla<br />
yaptlan koruculuktan bir fayda<br />
gelecegine ben inanmtyorum.<br />
• Askerler, "Sizin köy için $U<br />
kadar silah belirledik. Ya bu kadar<br />
korueu gonlillli çlkar, ya biz<br />
lorla \ eririz" diyorlarml~.<br />
Turhan- Bir koy<strong>de</strong> üç dört kisi<br />
,lklyor gönlilliJ. biz bunlan bek-<br />
~ 49
DEVAN<br />
lellnek için 10 lane asker koymak<br />
zorlillda kahyoruz. Bu yüz<strong>de</strong>n bir<br />
\.:öy<strong>de</strong> en az 10 korueu olsun <strong>de</strong>dik,<br />
~imdi. bir köy<strong>de</strong> be~ tane Çlklyordur,<br />
jandarmadaki all ka<strong>de</strong>-<br />
~ncler <strong>de</strong> muhlara, "Bize pe~ kiSi<br />
daha bul" diye leikin yaplyordur.<br />
• Korucular da, nasI! korueu yaplldlklanm<br />
anlalolar.<br />
Turhan- Bilim prcnsibimiz dl-<br />
$lllda askerin bir uygulqmasl varsa<br />
bilemem. Biz bazen dagdaki<br />
adamm ne yaptIgml bilemiyoruz.<br />
Ben gönüllü korueuluga inamyorum.<br />
Ancak, oradaki astsubay,<br />
"Filan köy aldl, bunlar niye almlyor,<br />
sunlarl biraz slkl~uraYlm" diye<br />
bir zihniy<strong>et</strong>e girmez <strong>de</strong> diyememo<br />
Ama ben bunlan bilemiyorum.<br />
Sizin böyle bir tespitirtiz varsa<br />
söyleyin bana gelsinler, ben on-<br />
Ian affe<strong>de</strong>yim. Söz, ben halledcrim.<br />
LJ<br />
Insan Haklanna yeni darbeler<br />
•<br />
l$kenceye <strong>de</strong>vam!<br />
Ankara'daki seyyar il?kenceciler beraat <strong>et</strong>ti; il?kenceye<br />
karl?1Avrupa sözlel?mesine Türkiye imza koymadl.<br />
1>0<br />
"Türkiyc 'i~kence ve Kötü Muamele<br />
ile Müea<strong>de</strong>lc Sözle~mesi'-<br />
ni imzalamadl." "insan Haklan KurultaYl<br />
10-17 Arahk tarihlcri araslOdà<br />
yapllaeak." "Ankarah seyyar i~kcneeeiler<br />
beraat cui." Üç haber, üç<br />
ba~hk. Bu üç haber geçen haftanlO insan<br />
haklan gün<strong>de</strong>mini olusturuyor.<br />
imzalamad., çünkü ...<br />
Türkiye'nin kaplS!TIda bekledigi<br />
Avrupa Toplulugu'nun siyasî orgam<br />
A vrupa Konseyi 1980 )'lhnda i~ken-<br />
'ce konusunda özel bir çalI~ma ba~lato.<br />
Konsey'in amael "i~kenee insanhk<br />
suçudur, aman n'olur yapma)'ln"-<br />
!TIötesine geçecek bir ~eyler yapmak-<br />
II. Bu niy<strong>et</strong>le ba~layan çall~malar Birlc~mis<br />
Mill<strong>et</strong>ler'in hamladlgl "bkcncey~<br />
Kar~1 Uluslararasl Sözlc~me';run<br />
benimsenmesiyle somUl tedbirlcrin<br />
ahnmas!TI1 saglayacak çall~malara dönüstü.<br />
Vc nihay<strong>et</strong> 27 Haziran 1987'<strong>de</strong><br />
Bakanlar Komitesi'nin kabul euigi<br />
"iskenee ve insanhkdl~1 ve Onur KInel<br />
Davraru~ ve Cezarun Önlenmesi<br />
A\'rupa Sözle~mesi" b~hglm ta~lyan<br />
bir m<strong>et</strong>in ortaya çlktl. ArtIk i~ "Ben<br />
AvrupahYlm" diyen ülkelerin m<strong>et</strong>ni<br />
imzalamaslOa kalml~tI.<br />
Ama ne<strong>de</strong>nse 26 Kaslm'da imzaya<br />
açllan m<strong>et</strong> ni Türkiye imzalamadl.<br />
Türkiye' nin "haYlr ben imzalamlYorum"<br />
tavnna bir tek irlanda katIldl.<br />
Peki Türkiye ne<strong>de</strong>n imzalamamlstl?<br />
Bu davramsm altmda "Biz insan haklanna<br />
saygll1 bir ülkeyiz, biz<strong>de</strong> iskencc<br />
rniskence olma?" iddiasl olabilir<br />
miydi?<br />
TUrkiye'nin son yedi Yll1nr bilen<br />
böyle bir iddiaYI duyunca blrakm bl-<br />
Ylk altmdan gUlmeyi, kahkahatlan<br />
çallayabilir. Zaten TUrkiye'yi lemsil<br />
e<strong>de</strong>n Vahit Halefoälu da'böyle bir sey<br />
yapmadl. Halefoälu, he<strong>de</strong>f saslrtlp<br />
konuyu Bulgaristan'daki TUrklere gclirdi.<br />
Canll ml esnll hlr örnek<br />
YeniOîln<strong>de</strong>m 'in 67. saylsmda yer.<br />
alan "Seyyar Iskem:edkr" basltklt<br />
haber Türkiye için SIradan<br />
<strong>de</strong>gilse bile, ah~I!-<br />
dlk bir haber türüydü.<br />
TKP davasl samklanndan<br />
Yasar Erdal Tümlürk<br />
yargllanml~ ve tahliye<br />
olmustu. 4 Haziran<br />
gecesi saal 21 sulannda<br />
sivil bir Renault tarafmdan<br />
ahnarak Ankara'-<br />
mn <strong>de</strong>gi~ik semtlerin<strong>de</strong>, <strong>de</strong>gisik olmayan<br />
iskencelere maruz kaldl. Buraya<br />
kadar yeni alan bir tek ~ey yardl: i~keneeler<br />
açlk havada yaplhyordu.<br />
GölbaSI yakmlarmdaki biriskence<br />
duragmda Tümtürk'ün feryatlanm<br />
duyan Yuva Köyünün muhtar yekili<br />
Zennur Bilgin olaya müdahale <strong>et</strong>mis,<br />
bir iki yumruk ve tehditle "olay" yerin<strong>de</strong>n<br />
savu~turulmu~tu. Zennur Bilgin<br />
daha soma karakola ba~vurup<br />
"seyyar"lardan ~ikay<strong>et</strong>çi oldu. Yapl-<br />
Ian iskenceleri doktor raporû ile belgeleyen<br />
Erdal Tümtürk gözleri bagh<br />
oldugu için polisleri görememisti,<br />
ama 0 da dayaclydl. Muhtar yekili<br />
Bilgin önce resimler<strong>de</strong>n, soma canh<br />
olarak "seyyar" polisleri te~his elli.<br />
h rnahkemeye kalmIst!.<br />
Durusma günü geldi çaltl. Ama ne<br />
hikm<strong>et</strong>se, olaym gözleri açlk lek ta-<br />
Haie/oRlu -<br />
Bu se/er im~1I o/lIlodl.<br />
Tümtürk - AÇ/k hOl'odo i,$kence.<br />
mgl iki kez tamdlgl polis memurlan<br />
Murat Dogan ve Zeki Ate~'i üçüncü<br />
görüsün<strong>de</strong> tammlyordu. Bu durum<br />
saVClYIbile klzdlrmlst!. Çünkü daha<br />
önceki ifa<strong>de</strong>lerin<strong>de</strong> yapl1gt teshislerin<br />
dogruluguna iliskin "yemin billah"-<br />
lar vardl. Ve duru~ma sonuç!andl:<br />
"Deli! y<strong>et</strong>ersizligin<strong>de</strong>n iskence iddiasl<br />
ile yargllanan polis memurlan ... mn<br />
beraatine. "<br />
izin<br />
verilirse<br />
Insan Haklan Dernegi 10-17 Ara-<br />
11klarihleri arasmdaki "Insan Hak-<br />
Ian Haftas\" kapsammda Türkiye'-<br />
nin ilk "insan Haklan KurultaYI"OI<br />
gerçeklestirecek. Kurultaya çok saYIda<br />
bi!im adamI, yazar \'c hukukçu kat11acak.<br />
Helsinki Izlerne Kornitesi'-<br />
n<strong>de</strong>n Prof.Erik Siesby ve Jeri Laber,<br />
Uluslararasl Al' ÖrgUtO'n<strong>de</strong>n Helmut<br />
Oberdick, Ulusiararasi Insan Haklafi<br />
Fe<strong>de</strong>rasyonu'ndan Michel ,Blum,<br />
Hel~inki Ulu~lnrarasl Insan Haklan<br />
Fe<strong>de</strong>rasyonu' ndan Gerald Nagler,<br />
Danimarka eski Adalel Bakanl Ole<br />
Esperson da kurulta)'a davelli. Ancak<br />
bir sartla: lçisleri BakanltA\ izin verir.'<br />
se ... Ya vermezse? Sözlesmesinc im.<br />
za bile koyrnadl~lml7. bir konuda elf!.<br />
lerne ll1ahçup olacak dcAiliz ~'a... '
Dr::;VAM<br />
ingiliz yazar, kendini "haps<strong>et</strong>ti"<br />
i~lara$11için eylem<br />
Vicdan<br />
Kalesi -<br />
Clara Francis:<br />
"Mura$/i 'yo<br />
kar$1 vicdon<br />
borcumu<br />
ôdüyorum. "<br />
1982'<strong>de</strong> yine Kamal YayJnlan tarafmdan<br />
bas1lan bir <strong>de</strong>rleme ne<strong>de</strong>niyle tutukland!.<br />
Recep Mara~h'l11n ömrünün geri<br />
kalan klSmlnI cezaevlerin<strong>de</strong> geçirmesine<br />
yol a.;an "suç"u, iki kitap + bir<br />
<strong>de</strong>rlcme <strong>de</strong>gildi. Peki, Mara~h ba~ka<br />
ne suçlar i~lemi~ti? Tek bir "suç"u<br />
\'ardl: Kendini savunmak ... tki kitabl<br />
için açIlan davalarda savunma yaparken<br />
"sa\1Jnma suçu" i~ledi ve toplam<br />
19 1'116 a1' agir hapis cezasma<br />
mahkûm oldu. Derleme ve onun sa-<br />
\'unmaSl için verilen ceza ise 4 y1ld!.<br />
Ceza saganagl daha soma da <strong>de</strong>yam<br />
wi. Mara~h 1983 'te Diyarbakir<br />
Cezacvi'ne gön<strong>de</strong>rildi. Daha önceki<br />
iki da ,ada "tek ba~lIla illegal örgüt"<br />
olmakla suçlanan Recep Mara~h hakkinda.<br />
nu ka <strong>de</strong> "avnhkçl bir örgüte<br />
üye olma" iddiaslyla dava açlld!.<br />
o yIllarda Diyarbaklr'da adal<strong>et</strong> zor<br />
günler ya~lyordu. Siyasi davalara bakan<br />
avukatlar gözaltma ahmyor, "bu<br />
tür" davalara bakmamalan konusunda<br />
uyanhyordu. TCK'nin 171/1 mad<strong>de</strong>sine<br />
göre yargllandlgI yeni dava,<br />
Mara~h'mn 8 y1l hapse mahkûm 01-<br />
maslyla sonuçland!. Bu davamn da<br />
bir "savunma ekli" cezasl yard!. "Savunma,<br />
varolmamn önernli bir ~artIdir"<br />
diyen Mara~h, yine kendini savunurken<br />
"suç" i~ledi ve 4 Ylla mahkûm<br />
oldu.<br />
Recep Mara~h, 36 yJla mahkûm;<br />
Levko Lukyenko, 25 Ylldlr tutuklu<br />
... Siri Türk, digeri Sovy<strong>et</strong> vatanda~l<br />
iki siyasi tutuklunun birlikte<br />
amI mas mm ne<strong>de</strong>ni, yazar ve yatçl<br />
Clara Francis'in tngiltere'<strong>de</strong> Londra'-<br />
mn Covent Gar<strong>de</strong>n'mda yaptIgl ilginç<br />
eylemdi. Clara Francis "Vicdan Kafesi"<br />
adml verdigi <strong>de</strong>mir parmakhklar<br />
ardmdan ~unlan söylüyordu: "Bu<br />
iki kj~inin <strong>de</strong> aralannda bulundugu<br />
binlerce siyasi tutukluya ka~~1vicdan<br />
borcumu ödüyorum." Bu <strong>de</strong>gi~ik<br />
protesta eylemini Recep Mara~h'YI<br />
1986'da "Yllm Mahkûmu" ilan e<strong>de</strong>n<br />
Cluslarara'il Af Örgütü organize <strong>et</strong>mi)ti.<br />
Bir garip adal<strong>et</strong> serü\'eni<br />
Bundan once Avrupa kaynakh birkaç<br />
<strong>de</strong>gi~lk "özgürlük kampanyasl"-<br />
na kanu aian Recep Mara~h'mn cezae\i<br />
hayatl. 1979'da ba~lad!. Sahihi<br />
aldugu Kamal Yaymlan'ndan ba~I1an<br />
Celaù<strong>et</strong> Ali Bedirkan'm Mustafa Kemal<br />
Paia Ha::.rellerine AÇ/k Meklup<br />
\e Lucien Rambaud'un Kürdislan<br />
1918-46 adh kItaplan ne<strong>de</strong>niyle Istanbul<br />
Slkl1'on<strong>et</strong>im Kamutanhgl'nca tutuklandl.<br />
Sekiz ay tutukluluktan sonra<br />
;erbest blrakIld!. Mara~h'l11n öz-<br />
~urluk ~llnleri razla uzun surmedi.<br />
Recep Moro$ll - Alemdag Cezoevi'n<strong>de</strong><br />
Daha bitmedi<br />
Ocak 1984'te Diyarbakir Cezaevi'-<br />
n<strong>de</strong> ba~layan ve 49 gün süren açhk<br />
grevine Recep Mara~h da kat1ldl. Be$<br />
ki~inin öldügü ölüm orucu Mara~h'-<br />
mn vücudunda <strong>de</strong>rin iller blfaku. Yürüyelllez,<br />
konu~amaz hal<strong>de</strong> çlkanldlgl<br />
duru~malardan soma komaya girdi.<br />
Uluslararasl Af Örgütü'nün 1985 YIh<br />
raporunda Mar~h'mn kafasma vurulan<br />
darbeler ne<strong>de</strong>niyle görme ve<br />
<strong>de</strong>nge bozukluklan oldugu yazlhyordu.<br />
1986 yazmda durumu daha da<br />
aglrla~u ve lusmî felç geçirdi. Af Örgütü'nün<br />
1986 raporunda Mar~h'mn<br />
acilen bir beyincik ameliyatI geçirmesi<br />
gerektigi YazIhydJ. Ancak Recep Mara~h,<br />
savunmasmda oldugu gi~i saghgl<br />
konusunda da "askerî engeller" -<br />
le kar~lIa~t!. Avrupa'da açllan özgürlük<br />
kampanyalan, Cumhurba~kam<br />
ve Ba~bakan'a yapllan ki~isel ba~vurular<br />
da kâr <strong>et</strong>medi.<br />
Recep Mara~h'mn ba~ma gelenler<br />
bununla bitmedi. TCK'nin 171/1<br />
mad<strong>de</strong>sine göre aldlgl 8 yJlhk mahkûmiy<strong>et</strong><br />
Askerî YargItay tarafmdan bozuldu.<br />
YargItay'm gerekçesi, yargllamanm<br />
171/I'e<strong>de</strong>gil, 168/1'egöreyapllmasl<br />
gerektigiydi. Avukau Serhat<br />
Bucak bu gerekçeyi ve Mara~h'mn gelecegini<br />
~öyle yorumluyor: "Recep<br />
Mara~h'YI TCK'nin 168/1 mad<strong>de</strong>si<br />
dogrultusunda mahkûm <strong>et</strong>tirme, yani<br />
silahh ç<strong>et</strong>e kurmak ve yön<strong>et</strong>mek<br />
suçu ile dünya kamuoyuna lanse <strong>et</strong>mek<br />
ve böylece uluslararasl platformda<br />
olu~an saygmhgml klrmak anlamlna<br />
geliyor." ~.~<br />
~<br />
, .<br />
.<br />
..<br />
. . . .<br />
51
"'<br />
DEVA~,1 ..<br />
ABD raporlarlnda Türkiye ve üs/er<br />
1977'nin 27 Mart'mda ABD Temsilciler<br />
\1eclisi Uluslararasl ili~kiler<br />
Komilesi için hazlrlanan "Ak<strong>de</strong>niz'-<br />
<strong>de</strong> Birle~ik Oevl<strong>et</strong>ler Askeri Tesisleri<br />
ve He<strong>de</strong>fleri", aynca 1980 yIlmda<br />
Alfred Friendly JI. ve Hans Binnendijk<br />
tarafmdan aynt komite için hamlanan<br />
"Stratejik Yerle~im ve BölgtJeki<br />
ABD Üsleri" adh Yunanistan<br />
ve Türkiye'yi kapsayan raporlarda<br />
Türkiye'<strong>de</strong>ki üsler ve i~levle7<br />
ri, aynca ABO'nin he<strong>de</strong>fleri ~öyle<br />
tantmlantyor:<br />
Askeri<br />
he<strong>de</strong>fleri:<br />
1977 tarihli raporun giri~ ,bölümün<strong>de</strong>,<br />
Ak<strong>de</strong>niz Bölgesin<strong>de</strong> ABD'-<br />
nin Askeri He<strong>de</strong>fleri ~öyle belirlenmi~li:<br />
"ABD'nin Ak<strong>de</strong>niz Bälgesin<strong>de</strong>ki<br />
Askeri He<strong>de</strong>fleri esasen yIllard!r hiç<br />
<strong>de</strong>gi~memi~tir. Bu temel he<strong>de</strong>fler<br />
~äyle 51ralanabilir:<br />
O::.gülHe<strong>de</strong>fler: "Sovy<strong>et</strong>!er Birligi'ne olan cogra-I erlcen uyan ve i1<strong>et</strong>i~im. Aynea Türk<br />
(- NATO'nun Güney Kanadl'nm ;fi yakmlIgl, Kara<strong>de</strong>niz'<strong>de</strong>n Ak<strong>de</strong>- limanlan da ABD 6, Filosu'na<br />
güeünü korumak. :niz'e geçi~i <strong>de</strong>n<strong>et</strong>leyen Bogazlar üze-Iönemli <strong>de</strong>stek saglIyor.<br />
2- Hür Oünya'nm Ak<strong>de</strong>niz Bölge-. ;rin<strong>de</strong> kontral sahibi olmasl ne<strong>de</strong>niy-: TO. Id 'd Id o. I<br />
si'n<strong>de</strong>ki ikmal yollanm korumak, :le Türkiye NATO'nun <strong>de</strong>gerli bir: ur ye e us er<br />
3- NATO dl~mda kalan dost <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>- :üyesi oldugu kadar ABO'nin <strong>de</strong>: Adana Incirlik Hava OssiJ:<br />
leri, özellikle israil'i <strong>de</strong>steklemek, .önemli bir münefikidir... ! Suriye- Türkiye smmna yakm tsken-<br />
4- Bir sav~ zamanmda Sovy<strong>et</strong>ler: Geçmi~te, Türkiye'nin ABO'ye :<strong>de</strong>run ve Yumurtahk ikmal <strong>de</strong>pola-<br />
Birligi'nin Süvey~ Kanah'nt kullan- .verdigi askerî tesisler ABO'nin Sov- :nile Türkiye'nin güneyin<strong>de</strong>ki en bümasml<br />
engellemek." :y<strong>et</strong> hava ve <strong>de</strong>niz faaliy<strong>et</strong>lerini, fü-lYÜk üsler<strong>de</strong>n biridir. lncirlik'te bu-<br />
ABD, bu he<strong>de</strong>fler dogrultusunda :ze ve nükleer silah testlerini ve <strong>de</strong> !gün yalmz NATO kapsammda faa-<br />
Ak<strong>de</strong>niz BöIgesi'n<strong>de</strong>ki birçok ülke- Türkiye'nin <strong>et</strong>rafml ku~atan Yakm- :liy<strong>et</strong>te bulunuluyor ve uygulamada<strong>de</strong><br />
iki tarafll anla~malar ve antla~- :dogu'daki genel askerî faaliy<strong>et</strong>leri 'ki slmrlamalar üssün ABO'nin Ormalar<br />
geregi a~agldaki olanaklan el- geregi gibi izlemesini sagIayan yarar- :tadogu'da geli~en olasl durumlar<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>et</strong>ti: II istihbarat toplama görevlerine ola- için kullanùma~1 açlSlndan çok az<br />
"- ABD kuvv<strong>et</strong>lerini konu~lan- nak vermektedir. Türkiye'nin sagla- .i~e yanyor. lneirlik, eaydlrma için<br />
dlrma, dlgl diger tesisler <strong>de</strong> ABD için sa-, bulundurulan sava~ uçaklanmn ya-<br />
- ABD ku\"v<strong>et</strong>leri için a~kt'rî tal- vunma muhabere istasyonlan için mma bir <strong>de</strong>stek merkezi ve Askerî<br />
bikatlar, oldugu kadar taktik sava~ uçaklan Hava Aktarma Kumandanhgl<br />
- ABO kuw<strong>et</strong>lerinin ya,al \'e idari için havaalanlan ve Oogu Ak<strong>de</strong>niz'- (MAC) için ta~lma terminali olarak<br />
statüleri, <strong>de</strong> seyre<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong>niz ve hava (ABD' - da kUllamhyor. ABD için <strong>de</strong>geri.<br />
- lstihbarat faaliy<strong>et</strong>leri, nin) kuvv<strong>et</strong>leri için ikmal ve cep ha- NATO i~levleri ve Ortadogu'da ge-<br />
- ABD ku\'v<strong>et</strong>leri için harekât ne <strong>de</strong>polan saglamaktadlr." li~ebileeek olaylar için uzun va<strong>de</strong>li<br />
Genel He<strong>de</strong>fler: . planlan, Türkiye'<strong>de</strong> ABO'nin 6 ana, 21 . potansiyeli ve egitim olanaklannda<br />
1- NATO <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>lerine ve diger Or- - Ve Ortak Kuvv<strong>et</strong> Komutanhkla- daha küçük üssün<strong>de</strong> görevli 7000 as- yatlyor.<br />
tadogu uluslarma kar~1 Sovy<strong>et</strong> silah- n için harekât planlar!." kerî personeli var", D' h .-J l '<br />
II sa Idlrgan IIgml cay d mel kIIma k ,<br />
"ABD"<br />
mn<br />
Akd<br />
entz<br />
' B"I ., d T" k' 'd k' ABD .. 1 . k' 1 Iger ava uç er!:<br />
0 gesl n c ur lye e I us en I I teme ABD A k H L' , d<br />
. b .. fi" d 19" k - . . k' . . . S ,n ara ava Imanl n an<br />
2- C ay d IrlcIlI~I.n . ba~an I1 olmadlgl ugun aa statu e ... as en tesl~1 ton. slyonu yenne g<strong>et</strong>myor: o.v- v ç'~r H v ü 'd l"'k<br />
durumda, <strong>et</strong>klh blr savunmaYI sag- vardlr. Bunun 61'1 l ürklve'<strong>de</strong>: 24'u y<strong>et</strong> IstIlasma kar~1 çaydmclhk ve IS- keil 16 I a a ~U n enh~t'S!1 .<br />
layacak y<strong>et</strong>erli güeü planlamak. Yunanlstan'da; 58'j Italy;,da: 2R'i tihbarat loplama. dU amml ve s:'~~~ urumu enn-<br />
3- Ortadogu'da ban~l ve istikran hi- lspanya'da; 2'si Fas'ta: 4'1I \-rail"" Üçüncü <strong>de</strong>rece<strong>de</strong> blr i~le\'i <strong>de</strong> mal-. e yarar ana llyor,<br />
maye <strong>et</strong>mek, da; 22'si Portekiz'<strong>de</strong>dll . Leme teda! ik <strong>et</strong>mek, lojistik, egitim,l<br />
~<br />
~<br />
NATO er~p.n<br />
uyar. vt:: ,,-,erne<br />
+- f~r1a; '
•<br />
DEVAn<br />
"Savunma harcamalan klSllsln" diyen i~adaml<br />
'Bu militarist<br />
beyin Ylkamadlr'<br />
Be.lm Tlbuk, ordunun ülkeyl yön<strong>et</strong>meye kalkmaslnl, tedavl<br />
lçln doktor yerlne marangoz çaOlrmaya benz<strong>et</strong>iyor<br />
Zam<br />
dalgasmm yarattlll rulkanll<br />
Tarkiye'yi sarsorken, i~odaml<br />
Besim Tibuk, bu garalta arasmdu<br />
hak<strong>et</strong>tili yanklYI bulamayan. il!:ill\'<br />
bir r'k'$ yapll, N<strong>et</strong> Holding )'öne/l/ll<br />
Kurulu Ba$kam Tibuk. yazdI arlklomaslyla,<br />
"Zomlarm aS11sorwnlusunun<br />
kar$/II'CSlZkamu harcamulart 01-<br />
dulunu" iteri sarap, "öncelikle ~ll'<br />
vunma irin yap/Ian harcamalar blllmalld,,"<br />
<strong>de</strong>di. Tibuk, hu<br />
"tabu" konudaki r/kl$1n11l<br />
ne<strong>de</strong>nlerini Ya~ülü Aldo,<br />
Ian 'a anlatll:<br />
• Açlklamamzm ö7el bir la<br />
manlamasl var m!ydl?<br />
Tibuk- Ev<strong>et</strong>. Zamlar H'<br />
enflasyonun <strong>et</strong>kisi var. 1:111-<br />
las yon her üike<strong>de</strong> kar~lhk 'IZ<br />
para basmayla olusuyor, kar-<br />
SlhkslZ paraYI da <strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong> ha,!-<br />
yor. Ben bunun suç oidu~unu<br />
düsünliyorum. Biz<strong>de</strong><br />
Anglo-Sakson hukuku olsa<br />
<strong>de</strong>vl<strong>et</strong>i mahkemeye verirdim.<br />
Hâkim olsam, enflasyondan<br />
<strong>de</strong>laYI zarara u~radl~ml ispat<br />
IlOcn bir kisi çJkt1~mda <strong>de</strong>v-<br />
J<strong>et</strong>i tazminala mahkûm e<strong>de</strong>rdim,<br />
Devlel kendini "Ben<br />
fazla para basarak sana hizm<strong>et</strong><br />
ediyorum, aItyap! yaplyorum"<br />
vb. diye savunuyor.<br />
hIe burada, <strong>de</strong>vk1in harcadlgl<br />
her kurusun halkm paras!<br />
oldugunun bilincine "armasl<br />
lâZlm. Devl<strong>et</strong> 0 paraYI biz<strong>de</strong>n<br />
ahyor, lercihine gore kulla-<br />
IIlYOr. Bu iSle <strong>de</strong>nellenmesi<br />
gerekir. Oysa biz<strong>de</strong> halk, OsmanlIdall<br />
beri hakklm, hukukunu<br />
koruma gelenegine<br />
sahip <strong>de</strong>gil. Tlirkiye'<strong>de</strong> ilk<br />
<strong>de</strong>fa bu '50 seçimlerin<strong>de</strong> 01-<br />
du. Ama benim soyledi~im<br />
anlaY1SlIl hâlâ ortaya ÇlklIglDl<br />
göremiyorum. Devl<strong>et</strong>in har',1<br />
dlgl her kuruSla, her hakslzhkta ha"<br />
km sesinin ç!kmasl laZlrn, çlkrn!yor,<br />
Halk narkol yernis gibi. Oysa orlal'a<br />
çlkan ekonornik <strong>de</strong>gerlerin hepsini çal1~an<br />
halk ureliyor. Dernek ki, çok<br />
ciddi blr sekil<strong>de</strong> kamu harcamalan:<br />
IIln <strong>de</strong>n<strong>et</strong>lenrnesi gerekir. Bu arada<br />
ilah edilmeyen ve kamuoyunun tarlI~ma<br />
gün<strong>de</strong>rnine gel irilrneyen ola\<br />
a,kerî harcamalardlr. '<br />
• Tabu konulardan biri.<br />
Tibuk- Tabu, l'l'<strong>et</strong>. Tabu yapamn<br />
da kim oldugu belli <strong>de</strong>~ildir. Anla-<br />
Il:,!~ l,III 1'l(,O'I.lll 'lllll,lki ~ell:l!ll'I"<br />
l'a~I1l,lk la/lrn, '60'tan S
•<br />
Diyarbaklr'da beklenenin iki katl oy aldl<br />
13-19/12/87<br />
RefahK l<br />
aray'<br />
larma basladJklannda RP'l1ler çolu uda çahsaeal\IZ" <strong>de</strong>melerine karsm,<br />
yeri gezmisler, nere<strong>de</strong>yse ikinci turla- bazI RP'liler çoktan kollan SlVamll<br />
rlna baslamlslardl. gOrOnOyor. RP Silvan l1çe lkinei Bas.<br />
'bi kam Hilmi Amaç, "Belediyeler bizim<br />
an gJ için çok önemli" diyor. "Biz salci<br />
Ensolcu<br />
Diyarbalur birinei bölge<strong>de</strong> SHP 60 oleu farkl göz<strong>et</strong>me<strong>de</strong>n dOrOst bir<br />
bin oyla Oç mill<strong>et</strong>vekilini (vekil baSI- halk çoculunu belediye baskam yap.<br />
"As I - d I I f na 20bin oy) Medis'e yollarken RP, mak istiyoruz. BugOn TOrkiye'<strong>de</strong> ö~-<br />
I ~uca e em z eodal zlhnly<strong>et</strong>e kar~l. Emperyallzmln ve 45 bin oyunun temsi1cisilÙ çlkartaml- rencilerin sorunlan var, <strong>de</strong>vrimeilerin<br />
fa~lzmlOne oldu(iunu anlattl{Jlmlz ölçü<strong>de</strong> ba'ianh olduk .. yor. lkind bölge<strong>de</strong> DVP IS bin oyla sorunlan var. Bir sürO insan so1cudur<br />
alklslayan SHP'lilere rastlamak allStl- Meclis'e bir mill<strong>et</strong>vekili yollarken RP diye ise allrumyor. Bunlar hep aym<br />
"~imdi merkeze miS bir görOntOydo. Hattâ birçok 28 bin oyuyla açlkta kallyor. Böyle- kaynaktan çlklyor. Bu yüz<strong>de</strong>n so1cu.<br />
~gidince biz he. köy<strong>de</strong> SHP'lilerin RP'yi, RP'lilerin ce Diyarbakir seçmeninin dörtte biri sun, sal\clsm dème<strong>de</strong>n birlikte muca.<br />
sap soracal\IZ. 'Siz SHP'yi kaste<strong>de</strong>rek "Bize vermeye- TBMM'<strong>de</strong> temsil edilemiyor. Bu tem. <strong>de</strong>le <strong>et</strong>meliyiz. El\er biz bölOnürsek<br />
niye iyi çallsma- eekselÙz onlara verin" <strong>de</strong>dikleri riva- sil sorunu bülün Turkiye için geçer- al\amn yolunu açmlS oluruz. ANAP<br />
dlmz?' diyecel\iz. y<strong>et</strong> ediliyor. Simdi ise kimi SHP'liler Ii, afT" 1)iyarbakull Refah'cllar için benim haikImm düsmarudlr. Bu se.<br />
Eski<strong>de</strong>n bize 'KO- oy <strong>de</strong>posu olarak gördOkleri Güney-. l1ayati bir ùnem ta$IY0r. Çünku ka. çim<strong>de</strong> verdil\imiz <strong>de</strong>rsi, belediye se.<br />
çOk Moskova'dan dol\u'da ve özellikle Diyarbaklr'da zandlklan hal<strong>de</strong> Medis'te temsileile- imlerin<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> vermeliyiz. Biz bunun<br />
ml geliyorsunuz?' RP'lÙn kendilerine gelmesi muhtemel ri olmayaeak. . için SHP ve DSP'liiere çaln yapuk.<br />
<strong>de</strong>rlerdi, simdi biz onlara, 'Imamn .bir grup oyu aldll\ml kabul ediyorlar. "Ben barajl asamadll\lmlzl göTlln- 8en parti olarak bunlarl belenirim;<br />
kalesin<strong>de</strong>n geliyoruz' diytccl\iz." Re- " " ce kahroldum, on dan soma seçimi <strong>de</strong> biz simdi birlikle davranma mesajl<br />
fah Partisi DiyarbakIr Merkez lIçe Feodallere kalll illemedim. Diyarbaku sonuçlanm da veriyoruz." :J<br />
Baskam Nec<strong>de</strong>l Öeal, çevresin<strong>de</strong>ki ~P hakkmdaki "Din istisman yap- bilmiyorum hâl~. Bakmadlm yani KEMAL CANIDQ'GrlHllur<br />
partiliIere saka yollu bunlart söylO- u" Iddialan, "oy patlamasl"run dddi dol\ru durust. Boyle olmasma dlger<br />
yor. Gerçekten <strong>de</strong> saka bile olsa bun- ne<strong>de</strong>nlerine ISlk tUlmaktan uzak. partiler dahi hayr<strong>et</strong>ler için<strong>de</strong> kaldllar.<br />
Ian söylemekte pek hakslZ sayllmaz. "Bizim burada astl mOea<strong>de</strong>lemiz' Gelip bize büyOk hakslzltk yaplldll\l-<br />
Seçim ùneesin<strong>de</strong> kimselÙn Diyarba. feodal zihlÙy<strong>et</strong>e ve fasizme karst. Biz' m söylediler. çol\u gelip bizi kutladl,<br />
kir'da 30-35 bin<strong>de</strong>n fazla oy alaea!\l- emperyalizmin ve fasizmin ne oldu- teskin <strong>et</strong>meye geldi." 11 Baskam Na.<br />
na ihtimal vermediAi Refah Partisi bi- l\unu anlatUl\lmlz ölçO<strong>de</strong> basanh 01- zif Vüeel klzgmhl\lm böyle .ifa<strong>de</strong> edirinei<br />
bölge<strong>de</strong> OçOneO, ikinei bölge<strong>de</strong> duk." Bu söller DiyarbakIr bal\lmslz yor. SHJ:).1L!!!1.~am J:~.~~m ÖZ~Q:<br />
birinei parti olmayt basardl ve 70 bi- sosyalist adaytna falan ail <strong>de</strong>li!. Bun. ~u,neu ~a "Sahs~n .b~n ~nlann ~~nin<br />
üzerin<strong>de</strong> oy aldl. "Seçim<strong>de</strong>n ön- Ian söyleyen RP Silvan !Içe !kinei hs te. DiyarbakIr I Ikl null<strong>et</strong>veklh Ile<br />
ce büyük bir patlama yapaca!\lmlZl Baskam Hilmi Amaç. OIdukça genç te":lksllb<strong>et</strong>,meyeeek o,I,md~anm'?OemOksöylüyorduk.<br />
Bu oldu, Allah'a SOkür. kadrolara sahip Diyarbalm RP leski': rau u muyorum Iyor. . rt~ya<br />
Beklenen<strong>de</strong>n fazlasl oldu ama, biraz lau, dinarrùk bir kampanya yürüterek çlkan bu durumun sanellan tlen<strong>de</strong><br />
daha suremiz olsaydl, o~'Umuzu 90 'propagandasmda yörenin birçok 50- m~~laka göriJIeeek~ir."<br />
binlere Ç1kantrdJk." Refah Partisi Di-. rununa yer vermis. Genç bir RP'li, .. Halk bunun zu~~m oldul\unu gör.<br />
yarbaklr Il ~as~am Nazif Vücel, se- "Sa<strong>de</strong>ee dini sorunlar <strong>de</strong>l\i1," diye ~u.', amk herkes blll,Yol'. Refah. Pa~çlmdt:n<br />
once Iddlalarma kimseyi inan- açlkllyor yaklaSlmlanm. "Bizim aSlf USI ne oy \ erenler, BIZ gerçe~1 bllldlram~mlS<br />
olmamn klZgtnll!\1 ve ba-. müea<strong>de</strong>lemiz bölge<strong>de</strong>ki feodallere. y?ruz, bIZ ne yapaea~ImlZl biliyoruz'<br />
sanmn gu.ruruyla konll$uyor. Peki karSldlr. Türkiye'<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>mokrasi yak. dlyorlar., Asllnda biz memnunu~,<br />
.bu, herkesl hayr<strong>et</strong>e düsOren, R.::fah'- tur. Vardlr diyene cahil <strong>de</strong>rim. " çOnku DlyarbaklTlI davasma sahlp<br />
1I1an gururlandlran ba$an nasll orta-' "Refah geleeek, zulüni biteeek". çlkmlSllr, seçim<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>, seçi~<strong>de</strong>n sonya<br />
çlkll? sloganmm Diyarbaklr'daki anlaml: ra da .. Asii memnumyellmlZ bu yuz.<br />
1973 scçimlerin<strong>de</strong> -bu seçimler Tekirdal\'dakin<strong>de</strong>n elb<strong>et</strong>te çok fark.: <strong>de</strong>n. Blzlm davamlz bllmez." Merkez<br />
~1SP'rün gerçek b,ir alak. yaplll\1 ve en h. bzellikle bölge<strong>de</strong> oldukça güçlü: Ilçe Baskaru Nec<strong>de</strong>l beal hâlâ ayakçok<br />
oy aldll\l. seçlmlerdl' Milli Sela- olan dini inançlarla beslenmis ve ço..: la olduklannJ vur~uluyor.<br />
mel Paru;1 Dlyarbaklr'da yuz<strong>de</strong> 18.5 ~u zaman sol un bile kullâïüîiäya 'çë:-i Gerçekten <strong>de</strong> Dlyarbaklr'da hâlâ<br />
oramnda oy a1mISll. Daha soma 1977 kindil\i argümanlarla <strong>de</strong>steklenen bu: açlk olan ve gelip gi<strong>de</strong>lÙ bol parti<br />
seçimlerin<strong>de</strong> tulturabildi~j oy oram kampanyanm basanh olmasma $aS- ; merkezlerin<strong>de</strong>n biri RP. Refah'cllar<br />
aneak yuz<strong>de</strong> 17.5 olmuSlu. 29 Kaslm mamak gerek. "SHP halkl OrkOuO. : salonda olurup vi<strong>de</strong>oda Diyarbakir<br />
1987 seçimlerin<strong>de</strong> Refah Partisi'nin Bir sey yapllacaksa bu halkla yaplla-; milingini izliyorlar. "Çok çahsuk dao'<br />
Dlyarbaklr'daki oy oram birinei böl- eak, Onlar bunu anlamadtlar. Din; ha ne yapahm" diye yakmanlara,<br />
ge<strong>de</strong> yüz<strong>de</strong> 22.7, ikind bùlge<strong>de</strong> yOz. meselesini önemsemediler." Hilmi: "BOyOk sehirler<strong>de</strong> MUsllÏmaÎl kli.lma<strong>de</strong><br />
28.7 oldu. Bu sonuçlar nere<strong>de</strong>n ba. Amaç, Kendi basanlanru açlklarken miS ml?" diyen ya$lIlara, "~imdi dao'<br />
Inhrsa bakllsm "Milli GöTti$" için bO- SHP'nin "görece basanSIZh!\lru" da ha bir hlrsla çahsma isteAi sOrüyor, bu<br />
Y,uk,b!r zafer. DiyarbakIr Refah Par- böyle anlauyor. in~anlar yarah, Izdlraph ama inanç<br />
1151nln daha öneeki seç-imler<strong>de</strong> hIe bOlOn bu "bosluklan" doldur-. evam ediyor" diyenlere slkça rast.<br />
MSP'ni.n,aldlAI oylar karSlSlnda artl$ maYI becerebilen RP, ANAP'a kar$I:' amyor. "Bizim buralarda bir sembol<br />
~ay~eUlal ~e~ y~r. DiY~baklr'ln dOrt olan lepkiyi <strong>de</strong> iyi kullarunca bl$an- ardlr; Karaytlan, vurdukça da ha SI-<br />
Il,esln<strong>de</strong> ,bln~cl, dört Ilçesin<strong>de</strong> ikin- ya IIla$11. Tabii "içeriye girmi$" aday- kl sanltr. l,te burada oyle oldu, Bu<br />
ce ve Oç ~Içestn<strong>de</strong> OçOnc:O parti olan lafln pck makbul oldugu bölge<strong>de</strong>, bir- sonuçtan sonra mill<strong>et</strong> daba bir inanç-<br />
RI', bazlllçeler<strong>de</strong> diaer panilerin lap. \'O~ kerl "iç-eriye girmis" bir ismi <strong>de</strong> la davastna sanldl," Hilmi Amaç tep-<br />
~amma yakm ~y aid!, , , IIday Il''\terince Onleri iyice açlld\. kileri boyle dile ,<strong>et</strong>iriyor, Bir RP'Ii<br />
S~ç~?, ,oncesm<strong>de</strong> blr~ok kl~1 ~~fah Ama Ilcnç RP'liler yine <strong>de</strong> "do,on- klZ,mltaml saklayamayarak konu$u-<br />
Partlsi mn OoneY~Oau ~a ~o~ l)'l ç~- celcrinln lyi i1<strong>et</strong>ilmedialn<strong>de</strong>n, sömO. yor: "Bu Avrupa'nm envi. Buraya<br />
'1t't1llm ve ANAP lçln clddl blr tehlt. rll \e I~ken~e meselelerinin iyi anla- gelen yaban4.' parlamenter açJkça 'Biz<br />
ke olacaaml soylüyordu. Haul 1Ilmadl~Indan çok klAsik !slAmi Os. Refah PaniSl'lÙn ,oç kazanmasmdan<br />
SHP'liIer bunun en çok ~end,ilerlne lurlan ~I~rlhp daha ,eni, kesimlere kaY,1 duyuyoruz' <strong>de</strong>di."<br />
yarayacaAlru, Refah PUllSI'nln ala. a~111I1ll1;mll$ olmllsmdan ve labii di. Refah panililer ,imdi, birçok ilçeca~1<br />
her ~YU,n Kendi $anslannl artll- ~cr bCl1l!<strong>de</strong>r<strong>de</strong> ba,an saAlanamamlS <strong>de</strong> birinci ya da lkinci parti olmalanracalml<br />
lien sOrdOler, Ama bugon olma)lndan" du)'duklarl UzOntOyU na dayanarak Onlerine belediye seortaya<br />
çlkan sonuçtan sonra, a~lInda Slk sik dile geliri)'orlar, çlmlerini he<strong>de</strong>f olarak koymu$lu.<br />
RP'nin "o~daki oylan" loplayarak Bu ha13nda çok önemli bir <strong>et</strong>keni Parti y<strong>et</strong>kililerinin "Merkezin, hoca.<br />
bOtUn partiler~ ,darbe \'\JrduAu her- <strong>de</strong> ku~ku~uz Refah'çllann erken da\'. mwn emirlerini bekliyoruz, 0 dOJruIkesee<br />
kabul edlllyor. Se.;1m kampa~- r;l111113':I1C"aramak gcrekiyor. Diyar.<br />
yasl sIrasmda RP kcn\oylanna Il ~aklr',!3 ,j:~~r panikr seçil1l \'all~ma.<br />
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