rusTvelologiuri literatura
rusTvelologiuri literatura rusTvelologiuri literatura
1974 weli 569. grigol abaSiZe mogzauroba rusTavelis epoqaSi avtoris wignSi _ Txzulebani, t. III, Tb., 1974, gv. 461-473. (dawerilia 1966 w.). masSi mocemulia zogadi daxasiaTeba rusTavelis epoqis saqarTvelos politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli cxovrebisa. aRniSnulia saxelmwifos xelisufalTa tolerantoba, Semwynarebluri damokidebuleba araqristianuli religiebisadmi, rogorc erT-erTi gamovlena humanizmisa. avtoris TqmiT, `vefxistyaosani~ imitom Seiqmna Tamaris epoqaSi, rom maSindeli sazogadoeba humanisturad azrovnebda, misTvis ucxo iyo klerikaluri SezRuduloba. rusTavelis gmoba da `vefxistyaosnis~ devna gviandeli movlenaa, im epoqis uSualo gamoZaxilia, roca saxelmwifo dakninda da qarTuli eklesiac materialurad da sulierad gaRaribda da daqveiTda. g.a. 569a. lili aTaneliSvili cnobebi mamuka TavaqalaSviliseuli `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb Jur. `macne~, els, 1974, № 4, gv. 175-185. avtori ganixilavs H-599 nusxaSi arsebul kriptogramebs da adgens maTi Camwerebis vinaobas (gv. 175-181),werilis meore nawilSi (gv. 182-185) ki ikvlevs xelnaweris momxatavdamsuraTeblis vinaobas. nusxis gadamweris kaligrafiasa da miniaturebis minawerebis xels Soris sxvaobiT, agreTve saxelis sxvadasxva formiT (nestan-darijan — nestan darejan) xmarebis safuZvelze mkvlevari daaskvnis, rom mamuka TavaqalaSvili mxolod gadamweria xelnawerisa, misi ilustratori ki sxva pirovnebaa, romlis vinaoba jer daudgenelia. g. a. 570. nodar alania monografia `vefxistyaosnis~ mTargmnelze Jur. `kritika~, 1974, № 8, gv. 160-166. esaa recenzia lia andRulaZis monografiul naSromze `balmonti da saqarTvelo~ (Tb., 1972). recenzenti aRniSnavs, rom dasaxelebul naSromSi ganxiluli da gaanalizebulia mTeli is gamoqveynebuli Tu gamouqveynebeli masala, romelic Seicavs mniSvnelovan cnobebs konstantine balmontze, rogorc poetsa da mTargmnelze. monografiaSi marTebulad aris aRniSnuli, rom k. balmontma moZebna da gamoiyena is ritmi da metri, romelsac Semdeg gverdi ver auares `vefxistyaosnis~ sxva mTargmnelebma rusul da sxva slavur enebze. balmontma pirvelma aRiara `vefxistyaosani~ yvelaze maRali da srulyofili siyvarulis poemad. man SoTa rusTaveli homerosis, dantes, servantesisa da Seqspiris gverdiT daayena. g. a. 571. manuCar anTaZe rusTvelis mxatvruli simarTle da Semoqmedebis fsiqologia kreb. `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobisa da rusTvelologiis sakiTxebi~, VI, Tb., 1974, gv. 108-113. avtoris TqmiT, `vefxistyaosanSi~ mxatvruli simarTlis Ziebisas aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom masSi Cans aRmosavluri da dasavluri fantastikur-zRapruli, fantastikur-saTavgadasavlo, sagmiro da samijnuro eposebis elementebi. mkvlevari cdilobs warmoaCinos poemis ararealisturi mxatvruli elementebis realisturi `transformacia~, dasaxelebuli motivebis realistur elferSi warmodgenis tipiuri nimuSebi. narkvevSi 184
aRniSnulia rusTvelis Tematikisa da motivebis paralelebi elinistur avantiurul romanebSi. mag.: SeyvarebulTa faTerakiani mogzauroba, mekobreTa Tavdasxma, tyveoba da sxv. tipologiuria: erTi naxviT Seyvareba, `dabneda~, tirili, velad gaWra, personaJis mdinareSi an zRvaSi gadagdeba, araki WaSi an ormo-xafangSi Cavardnilisa~ (gv. 59-61). mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom avantiuruli momenti `vefxistyaosanSi~ mxatvruli simarTlis ganmsazRvreli araa, raki mas aq mxolod sporadulad aqvs TavisTavadi Rirebuleba, xolo mTlianobaSi igi poemis realistur mxatvrul amocanaTa gadawyvetas emsaxureba. fantastikuri elementis upirvelesi realisturi specifika rusTvelTan isaa, rom mas aq TavisTavadi mxatvruli simarTle ar gaaCnia; poemaSi TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba RvTiuri miniSnebani, Cvenebebi, saswaulebi, mkiTxaoba, ramlis ganCxreka, winaTgrZnoba da sxva amgvari mistikur-astrologiuri rwmenani. fantastikur-zRaprul arsebaTagan poemaSi moqmedeben mxolod devebi da qajebi, oRond isini imdenad modificirebulni arian, rom dakarguli aqvT zRapruli Tvisebebi. qajebi mxolod imiT gansxvavdebian adamianisagan, rom eseni `grZnebis moqmedni~ arian. Tumca am `gaadamianebul qajebs~ poemis ideur planSi `miniWebuli~ aqvT `demonuri~ Tvisebebi; maT miewerebaT `borotebis~ idea (`yovelTa kacTa mavneni~ arian) (gv. 63- 67). mxatvruli simarTlis TvalsazrisiT ganxilulia fatmanisa da avTandilis aSikobis epizodi, rasac mosdevs CaCnagiris mkvleloba; agreTve avTandilisa da asmaTis dialogi da qceva maTi pirveli Sexvedris epizodSi; usenisa da fatmanis saojaxo urTierToba, rac avtors naTlad gamoxatuli realisturi feriT aqvs asaxuli (gv. 73-81). narkvevSi naCvenebia agreTve personaJTa tirilis arsi, namdvili mwuxarebiT gamowveuli an TanagrZnobis gamomxatveli cremlis Rvra, zogjer ki konvenciuri, moCvenebiTi, ara gulwrfeli moTqma-tirili (gv. 81-82). g. a. 572. guram asaTiani vefxistyaosnis poetika wignSi _ `vefxistyaosnidan baxtrionamde~, Tb., 1974, gv. 11-35. mkvlevari cdilobs pasuxi gasces kiTxvas: `Semoqmedebis ra formebSi, ra esTetikuri nairsaxeobiT, ra konkretuli mxatvruli ieriT gamovlinda vefxistyaosanSi misi warmom- Sobi erisa da drois suli? misi azriT: `rusTavelis esTetikur samyaroSi gadajvaredinebulia xelovnebis ganviTarebis samive hegeliseuli saxeoba — simboluri (Zveli aRmosavluri), klasikuri da romantikuli formebi~ (14). `aSkarad aRmosavluri warmomavlobis simbolika aq bunebrivad Tanaarsebobs cocxal, klasikuri sizustiT dasrulebul saxeebTan~ (15). avtori Tvlis, rom `vefxistyaosnis erT-erTi motivis (qalis tyveoba da misi daxsna) safuZvlad SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iyos nizamis `iskander-nameSi~ mocemuli erTi epizodi: aleqsandre amarcxebs kac-urCxuls, romelic Semdeg miiyvans qals — nestan-darjixans. is urCxulis patronebs hyavdaT datyvevebuli. albaT arsebobda miTologiuri pirvelwyaro, romelic gamoiyenes nizamim da rusTavelma (16-17). rTuli da mravalsaxovania `vefxistyaosnis~ Sinaarsis kavSiri klasikur (antikur) samyarosTan. SedarebiT naTelia (advilad dasanaxia) berZnuli miTologiis, mwerlobisa da filosofiis kvali. ufro rTulia klasikuri esTetikis ZiriTad principTa moqmedeba `vefxistyaosnis~ mxatvrul sistemaSi (17). `vefxistyaosnis~ arqiteqtonika ZiriTadad epikuri Janris kanonebs emorCileba, magram poemaSi aris adgilebi (`wigni~, `anderZi~, `locva~, `saubari~), romlebic SeiZleba miviCnioT lirikul gadaxvevebad. didi nawili am lirikuli gadaxvevebisa aSkarad romantikuli xasia- Tisaa. romantikuli aRsarebis Sedevria `wigni nestan-darejanisa savarelTan~ (qajeTis cixidan). poeturi TvalsazrisiT es qarTuli romantizmis, romantikuli msoflgagebis pirveli manifestia, romelic marcvaliviT Seicavs TavisTavSi guramiSvilisa da baraTaSvilis momaval mistikur xilvebs (19). avtori msjelobs vardisa da vefxvis simbolikaze (gv. 21, 28-29). misi sityviT, `vefxistyaosani~ samyaros mxatvruli dapyrobisa da dauflebis klasikuri nimuSia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `daufleba~, romelsac aq Semoqmedi poeturi naTelWvretis, mxatvruli intuiciis gziT aRwevs, Tanabrad ganvrcobilia or sibrtyeSi _ `vefxistyaosani~ erTnairad masS- 185
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aRniSnulia rusTvelis Tematikisa da motivebis paralelebi elinistur avantiurul romanebSi.<br />
mag.: SeyvarebulTa faTerakiani mogzauroba, mekobreTa Tavdasxma, tyveoba da sxv.<br />
tipologiuria: erTi naxviT Seyvareba, `dabneda~, tirili, velad gaWra, personaJis mdinareSi<br />
an zRvaSi gadagdeba, araki WaSi an ormo-xafangSi Cavardnilisa~ (gv. 59-61).<br />
mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom avantiuruli momenti `vefxistyaosanSi~ mxatvruli simarTlis<br />
ganmsazRvreli araa, raki mas aq mxolod sporadulad aqvs TavisTavadi Rirebuleba,<br />
xolo mTlianobaSi igi poemis realistur mxatvrul amocanaTa gadawyvetas emsaxureba.<br />
fantastikuri elementis upirvelesi realisturi specifika rusTvelTan isaa, rom mas<br />
aq TavisTavadi mxatvruli simarTle ar gaaCnia; poemaSi TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba RvTiuri miniSnebani,<br />
Cvenebebi, saswaulebi, mkiTxaoba, ramlis ganCxreka, winaTgrZnoba da sxva amgvari<br />
mistikur-astrologiuri rwmenani. fantastikur-zRaprul arsebaTagan poemaSi moqmedeben<br />
mxolod devebi da qajebi, oRond isini imdenad modificirebulni arian, rom dakarguli aqvT<br />
zRapruli Tvisebebi. qajebi mxolod imiT gansxvavdebian adamianisagan, rom eseni `grZnebis<br />
moqmedni~ arian. Tumca am `gaadamianebul qajebs~ poemis ideur planSi `miniWebuli~ aqvT<br />
`demonuri~ Tvisebebi; maT miewerebaT `borotebis~ idea (`yovelTa kacTa mavneni~ arian) (gv. 63-<br />
67). mxatvruli simarTlis TvalsazrisiT ganxilulia fatmanisa da avTandilis aSikobis epizodi,<br />
rasac mosdevs CaCnagiris mkvleloba; agreTve avTandilisa da asmaTis dialogi da qceva<br />
maTi pirveli Sexvedris epizodSi; usenisa da fatmanis saojaxo urTierToba, rac avtors<br />
naTlad gamoxatuli realisturi feriT aqvs asaxuli (gv. 73-81).<br />
narkvevSi naCvenebia agreTve personaJTa tirilis arsi, namdvili mwuxarebiT gamowveuli<br />
an TanagrZnobis gamomxatveli cremlis Rvra, zogjer ki konvenciuri, moCvenebiTi,<br />
ara gulwrfeli moTqma-tirili (gv. 81-82). g. a.<br />
572. guram asaTiani<br />
vefxistyaosnis poetika<br />
wignSi _ `vefxistyaosnidan baxtrionamde~, Tb., 1974, gv. 11-35.<br />
mkvlevari cdilobs pasuxi gasces kiTxvas: `Semoqmedebis ra formebSi, ra esTetikuri<br />
nairsaxeobiT, ra konkretuli mxatvruli ieriT gamovlinda vefxistyaosanSi misi warmom-<br />
Sobi erisa da drois suli? misi azriT: `rusTavelis esTetikur samyaroSi gadajvaredinebulia<br />
xelovnebis ganviTarebis samive hegeliseuli saxeoba — simboluri (Zveli aRmosavluri),<br />
klasikuri da romantikuli formebi~ (14).<br />
`aSkarad aRmosavluri warmomavlobis simbolika aq bunebrivad Tanaarsebobs cocxal,<br />
klasikuri sizustiT dasrulebul saxeebTan~ (15).<br />
avtori Tvlis, rom `vefxistyaosnis erT-erTi motivis (qalis tyveoba da misi daxsna)<br />
safuZvlad SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iyos nizamis `iskander-nameSi~ mocemuli erTi epizodi:<br />
aleqsandre amarcxebs kac-urCxuls, romelic Semdeg miiyvans qals — nestan-darjixans.<br />
is urCxulis patronebs hyavdaT datyvevebuli. albaT arsebobda miTologiuri pirvelwyaro,<br />
romelic gamoiyenes nizamim da rusTavelma (16-17).<br />
rTuli da mravalsaxovania `vefxistyaosnis~ Sinaarsis kavSiri klasikur (antikur) samyarosTan.<br />
SedarebiT naTelia (advilad dasanaxia) berZnuli miTologiis, mwerlobisa da filosofiis<br />
kvali. ufro rTulia klasikuri esTetikis ZiriTad principTa moqmedeba `vefxistyaosnis~<br />
mxatvrul sistemaSi (17).<br />
`vefxistyaosnis~ arqiteqtonika ZiriTadad epikuri Janris kanonebs emorCileba, magram<br />
poemaSi aris adgilebi (`wigni~, `anderZi~, `locva~, `saubari~), romlebic SeiZleba miviCnioT<br />
lirikul gadaxvevebad. didi nawili am lirikuli gadaxvevebisa aSkarad romantikuli xasia-<br />
Tisaa. romantikuli aRsarebis Sedevria `wigni nestan-darejanisa savarelTan~ (qajeTis cixidan).<br />
poeturi TvalsazrisiT es qarTuli romantizmis, romantikuli msoflgagebis pirveli<br />
manifestia, romelic marcvaliviT Seicavs TavisTavSi guramiSvilisa da baraTaSvilis<br />
momaval mistikur xilvebs (19).<br />
avtori msjelobs vardisa da vefxvis simbolikaze (gv. 21, 28-29). misi sityviT, `vefxistyaosani~<br />
samyaros mxatvruli dapyrobisa da dauflebis klasikuri nimuSia. SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, rom `daufleba~, romelsac aq Semoqmedi poeturi naTelWvretis, mxatvruli intuiciis<br />
gziT aRwevs, Tanabrad ganvrcobilia or sibrtyeSi _ `vefxistyaosani~ erTnairad masS-<br />
185
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