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ARSEF Collection Staff Richard A. Humber, curator phone: [+1] 607-255-1276 fax: [+1] 607-255-1132 email: richard.humber@ars.usda.gov Karen S. Hansen phone: [+1] 607-255-1274 fax: [+1] 607-255-1132 email: arsef@cornell.edu Micheal M. Wheeler phone: [+1] 607-255-1274 fax: [+1] 607-255-1132 email: mmw5@cornell.edu USDA-ARS Biological IPM Research Unit Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health 538 Tower Road Ithaca, New York 14853-2901, USA
IMPORTANT NOTE Recent phylogenetically based reclassifications of fungal pathogens of invertebrates Richard A. Humber Insect Mycologist and Curator, ARSEF UPDATED July 2011 Some seemingly dramatic and comparatively recent changes in the classification of a number of fungi may continue to cause confusion or a degree of discomfort to many of the clients of the cultures and informational resources provided by the ARSEF culture collection. This short treatment is an attempt to summarize some of these changes, the reasons for them, and to provide the essential references to the literature in which the changes are proposed. As the Curator of the ARSEF collection I wish to assure you that these changes are appropriate, progressive, and necessary to modernize and to stabilize the systematics of the fungal pathogens affecting insects and other invertebrates, and I urge you to adopt them into your own thinking, teaching, and publications. The identifications in the ARSEF catalogs (http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=12125) incorporate these new classifications as soon as we can confirm the correct new identifications of fungi and, where genera or species are being split on molecular grounds, to determine and to apply the correct new identifications. General Reclassification of Fungi The results of a global cooperative effort involving dozens of mycologists (including the curator of this collection) to reclassify the fungi according to phylogenetically sound principles based on the DNA sequence data for multiple genes has recently resulted in the publication of two monumentally important publications that completely rework mycological systematics. The earlier publications was a phylogenetic overview of virtually all fungi (James et al. 2006). The second publication (Hibbett et al. 2007) provided the necessary taxonomic readjustments that were indicated by the phylogenetic studies. Microsporidia Many mycologists and invertebrate pathologists are now aware that the Microsporidia have been proven beyond any reasonable doubt to be comparatively recent and highly derived endobiotic fungi. They are neither extremely ancient eukaryotes nor affiliated with protozoans as most textbooks indicate. None of this realignment to the fungi is being disputed by either microsporidiologists or phylogenetic mycologists. The rationale for this realignment is presented succinctly in James et al. (2006). These fascinating organisms connect to the fungal tree of life at the base of the nonflagellate fungi (among or near the fungi traditionally treated as the Zygomycota) but their exact affinities and nearest remain uncertain. Zygomycota, Zygomycotina, Zygomycetes and Entomophthorales The phylogenetic relassification of fungi (Hibbett et al., 2007) significantly modified the traditional view of the most ancestral nonflagellate fungi. The phylum Zygomycota, subphylum Zygomycotina, and class Zygomycetes disappeared in their widely understood sense to be replaced by the phylum Glomeromycota (for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and a series of new subphyla not yet assigned to any phylum (because of the obviously polyphyletic nature of the zygomycetes as traditionally treated). The Entomophthorales is reclassified in the subphylum Entomophthoromycotina Humber (in Hibbett et al. 2007); the other new subphyla in this group are the Mucormycotina, Zoopagomycotina and Kicxellomycotina. Where there had been some question about whether Basidiobolus and its close relatives should be retained in the Entomophthorales or moved to a position closer to some of the blastocladialean watermolds, James et al. (2006) unequivocally retain Basidiobolus in an ancestral position in the Entomophthorales. i
Page 1: ISOLATES FROM HOSTS IN LEPIDOPTERA
Page 5 and 6: Table 2. Publications eliminating a
Page 7 and 8: ARS ColleCtion of entomopAthogeniC
Page 9 and 10: oRdeRing infoRmAtion Please send al
Page 11 and 12: AbbReviAtionS Information about the
Page 13 and 14: Fungal Cultures Acremonium berkeley
Page 15 and 16: Fungal Cultures Lazovsky Nature Res
Page 17 and 18: Fungal Cultures Beauveria bassiana
Page 23 and 24: Fungal Cultures 8891 [CSIRO FI-0079
Page 25 and 26: Fungal Cultures Cordyceps militaris
Page 27 and 28: Fungal Cultures Cordyceps militaris
Page 29 and 30: Fungal Cultures Entomophaga aulicae
Page 31 and 32: Fungal Cultures Entomophaga maimaig
Page 37 and 38: Fungal Cultures 2297 DA Rodriguez S
Page 39 and 40: Fungal Cultures beauvericin (Gupta,
Page 41 and 42: Fungal Cultures Isaria farinosa 350
Page 43 and 44: Fungal Cultures 6893 E Zhioua (T81)
Page 45 and 46: Fungal Cultures Metarhizium anisopl
Page 47 and 48: Fungal Cultures Metarhizium anisopl
Page 49 and 50: Fungal Cultures Metarhizium guizhou
Page 51 and 52: Fungal Cultures Nomuraea rileyi 330
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Fungal Cultures 6878 DG Boucias (Nr
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Fungal Cultures 6312 R Alatorre Ros
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Fungal Cultures Zoophthora radicans
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Fungal Cultures 3804 ERD Reyes (VD)
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Beauveria brongniartii Evlachovaea
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Lecanicillium muscarium Nomuraea ri
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Fungus by Host and Location Animali
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Fungus by Host and Location Fusariu
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Fungus by Host and Location Plutell
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Fungus by Host and Location Lepidop
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France Nepal Geographical Origin Fr
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South Africa USA Geographical Origi
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Alternate Collections Alatorre Rosa
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Alternate Collections KTU-26 Metarh
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Alternate Collections 26 Fusarium p
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Alternate Collections NCRI 40/02 Me
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Alternate Collections F-530-1 Entom
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ARSEF Number 1 Beauveria bassiana 3
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ARSEF Number 3497 Isaria farinosa 3
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ARSEF Number 6240 Isaria cateniannu
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ARSEF Number 8448 Isaria fumosorose
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