Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
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mkvlevris “in<strong>for</strong>mantebis” rols kisruloben da exmarebian mas “SeaRwios”<br />
Sesaswavl jgufSi. Sesabamisad, raodenobriv meTodebTan SedarebiT, <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong><br />
<strong>meTodebi</strong>s gamoyenebisas ufro mwvaved dgeba kvlevasTan dakavSirebuli eTikuri<br />
normebis dacvis sakiTxi, kerZod: gvaqvs Tu ra moraluri ufleba, Cveni kvleviTi<br />
miznebis misaRwevad gamoviyenoT adamianis Cvendami ndoba da gulaxdiloba,<br />
saaSkaraoze gamovitanoT misi piradi cxovreba? Tvisebriv mkvlevars gansakuTrebuli<br />
eTikuri pasuxismgebloba akisria; mniSvnelovania, rom masa da<br />
kvlevis obieqtebs Soris arsebuli ndoba kvlevis damTavrebis da Sedegebis<br />
gamoqveynebis Semdegac iqnes SenarCunebuli.<br />
rogorc wesi, Tvisebriv meTodebze damyarebuli gamokvlevis savele etapi,<br />
iseve rogorc monacemTa damuSaveba, ufro met dros moiTxovs, vidre<br />
raodenobrivi kvlevis SemTxvevaSi, vinaidan <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> mkvlevrebi sruliad<br />
gansxvavebul kvleviT instrumentebze dayrdnobiT muSaoben. Tumca arsebobs<br />
kompiuteruli programebi, romlebic specialurad <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>T<br />
miRebuli Sedegebis damuSavebisTvisaa Seqmnili, <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> Sedegebis analizis<br />
sakvanZo etapebi dRemde kompiuteris gareSe xorcieldeba. rogorc wesi,<br />
<strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> kvlevis Sedegad yvelaze xSirad viRebT sakvlevi obieqtis Sida<br />
struqturis analizs da/an kvlevis sakiTxis adekvatur tipologias.<br />
Teoriuli winamZRvrebi<br />
Tu raodenobrivi <strong>meTodebi</strong>s ganviTareba <strong>socialur</strong>i kvlevis praqtikaSi<br />
sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis miRwevebs ukavSirdeba, <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong><br />
humanitarul sferosa da xelovnebasTanaa kavSirSi; maT damkvidrebaSi<br />
garkveuli roli iTamaSa, agreTve samedicino praqtikam, romelic yvela<br />
pacientisadmi individualur midgomas da calkeuli samedicino SemTxvevebis,<br />
daavadebebis Rrma da safuZvlian Seswavlas moiTxovs. <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong><br />
calkeuli pirovnebis an pirovnebaTa patara jgufis gamocdilebis, grZnobebis,<br />
Sefasebebis irgvlivaa koncentrirebuli, amitom am midgomas xSirad “subieqturi<br />
sociologiis”, an mikrosociologiis farglebSi ganixilaven. Tu raodenobrivi<br />
<strong>meTodebi</strong>s farglebSi respondenti ganixileba, rogorc ama Tu im <strong>socialur</strong>i<br />
jgufis warmomadgeneli, Tvisebriv <strong>kvlevaSi</strong> yoveli respondenti sainteresoa<br />
rogorc pirovneba. adamianebisadmi gamovlenili Rrma interesis gamo mkvlevrebi<br />
<strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>s rolis gazrdas XX saukunis meore naxevarSi sociologiis<br />
da, ufro farTod, <strong>socialur</strong>i mecnierebebis humanizaciis periods ukavSireben.<br />
Tvisebriv da raodenobriv meTodebs sxvadaxva “filosofia” udevs safuZvlad.<br />
Tu raodenobrivi <strong>meTodebi</strong> pozitivistur ideebs emyareba da gulisxmobs,<br />
rom xalxi srulad acnobierebs Tavis grZnobebs, saqciels da Sexedulebebs,<br />
<strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> meTodologia simboluri interaqcionizmis principebs iziarebs.<br />
simboluri interaqcionizmis mizania SevecadoT gavigoT adamianis saqcieli ise,<br />
rogorc es Tavad moqmed pirs, anu aqtors esmis. am Teoriis fuZemdeblis,<br />
herbert blumeris Tanaxmad, simboluri interaqcionizmis oTxi ZiriTadi<br />
principi SemdegSi mdgomareobs: 10<br />
1) adamianebis qceva ganpirobebulia im mniSvnelobiT, romelsac adamianebi<br />
ukavSireben sagnebs, romelic maTi samyaros nawilia; e.i. adamianebi moqmedeben<br />
ara sagnebis, aramed im mniSvnelobis mimarT, romelsac isini am sagnebSi xedaven;<br />
2) sagnebis mniSvneloba yalibdeba <strong>socialur</strong>i interaqciis procesSi, Sesabamisad,<br />
kultura adamianebs Soris sagnebis damkvidrebuli mniSvnelobebis<br />
urTierTgaziarebaa;<br />
3) rogorc individualuri, aseve koleqtiuri <strong>socialur</strong>i moqmedeba damokidebulia<br />
aqtorebis mier <strong>socialur</strong>i situaciis interpretaciis <strong>for</strong>m(eb)ze;<br />
4) sagnebis mniSvneloba icvleba aqtorebis mier samyaros interpretaciis<br />
procesSi.<br />
es sami principi <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> kvlevis principebadac SegviZlia miviCnioT. rogorc<br />
ukve aRvniSneT, <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>s mizania, gamovlenili da aRwerili<br />
10 Herbert Blumer. 1998 [1969]. Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:<br />
Prentice-Hall. P. 50.<br />
9
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