Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences

mniSvnelovania aRvniSnoT, rom ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed inglisurenovan
qveynebSic, sadac warmoiSva socialuri kvlevis Tvisebrivi meTodebi,
dRemde ar aris Camoyalibebuli Tvisebriv meTodebTan dakavSirebuli unificirebuli
terminologia. Zalze xSirad terminebs “Tvisebrivi meTodebi”,
“eTnografia”, “CarTuli dakvirveba”, “SemTxvevis Seswavla” xmaroben rogorc
sinonimebs, Tumca zog naSromSi isini ganixileba, rogorc gansxvavebuli me-
Todebi. yvelaze ufro xSirad, Tvisebrivi meTodebi gaigivebulia eTnografiasTan,
6 Tumca, Cveni azriT, eTnografia ufro farTo cnebaa, vidre nebismieri
Tvisebrivi meTodi; rogorc j.spradli aRniSnavs, eTnografia niSnavs
[gansxvavebuli] kulturis aRweras, da misi ZiriTadi mizania cxovrebis gansxvavebuli
wesebis gageba ise, rogorc es wesebi Tavad am kulturis
warmomadgenlebs esmiT 7 ; amgvari eTnografiuli Seswavla ki SeiZleba ramdenime
Tvisebrivi meTodis gamoyenebiT moxdes. 8
Tvisebrivi meTodebi naklebadaa formalizebuli, amitom maT “rbil”, “moqnil”
meTodebsac uwodeben. iSviaTia SemTxvevebi, rodesac arsebobs konkretuli
instruqciebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda moiqces mkvlevari ama Tu im
situaciaSi — rogorc wesi, mas uwevs gadawyvetilebis miReba Seqmnili viTarebidan
gamomdinare, is TiTqmis yovelTvis iTvaliswinebs kvlevis obieqtebis
individualur Tvisebebs. “gadawyvetilebis miRebisas Tqven unda ixelmZRvaneloT
meTodologiuri da eTikuri mosazrebebiT. vinaidan isini xSirad
upirispirdeba erTmaneTs, gadawyvetilebis miReba Zalze rTuli iqneba”, —
afrTxilebs momaval mkvlevrebs e. babi 9 .
ramdenadac Tvisebrivi meTodebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi Zalze mcirea im
aucilebel moTxovnaTa sia, romelTac kvleva unda akmayofilebdes, aseTi
kvlevis warmateba didadaa damokidebuli iseT subieqtur faqtorze, rogoricaa
mkvlevris gamocdileba da ostatoba. Tvisebrivi meTodebis gamoyeneba individualuria,
isini did Tavisuflebas aniWeben mkvlevars, romelic, rogorc wesi,
gamodis ara mxolod gamokvlevis ideis avtoris, misi Teoriuli nawilisa da
problematikis SemmuSaveblis, aramed aseve empiriuli informaciis Semgroveblis,
interviueris da/an damkvirveblis rolSic.
is garemoeba, rom Tvisebrivi mkvlevari ar unda emorCilebodes mkacr
instruqciebs, ar niSnavs, rom Tvisebrivi kvlevis Catareba iolia — piriqiT, es
Zalian rTuli da Sromatevadi saqmea, romelic araCveulebriv koncentrirebas
da Sromisunarianobas moiTxovs, iseve rogorc mTel rig specialur unar-
Cvevebs, romelTa umravlesobac mxolod kvlevis Catarebis procesSi SeiZleba
iqnes Camoyalibebuli. xSir SemTxvevaSi, Tvisebrivi mkvlevris individualuri
pasuxismgebloba kvlevis msvlelobazec da miRebul Sedegebzec ufro didia,
vidre raodenobrivi mkvlevrisa.
Tvisebrivi mkvlevris profesionalizmi unda gamoixatebodes, agreTve im
garemoebis gacnobierebaSi, rom gamokvlevis procesSi mkvlevari Zalauneburad
axdens gavlenas Sesaswavl socialur jgufebze da urTierTobebze; Tumca
garkveulwilad SesaZleblia am gavlenis minimizacia, misi srulad gamoricxva
SeuZlebelia.
Tvisebrivi kvlevis procesSi mkvlevari, rogorc wesi, axlo da xangrZliv
urTierTobebs amyarebs im xalxTan, vis cxovrebasac Seiswavlis, sargeblobs maTi
ndobiT. Tvisebrivi meTodebis umravlesobis warmatebiT gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia
respondentebis aqtiuri daxmarebis gareSe, romlebic savele muSaobis dros
6 ix., magaliTad: James P. Spradley. 1979. Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston;
Robert M. Emerson, Rachel I. Fretz, and Linda L. Shaw. 1995. Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press; Michael Burawoy et al. 1991. Ethnography Unbound: Power and Resistance in
the Modern Metropolis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
7 Spradley, James P. 1979. The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. P. 3.
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am saleqcio kursis farglebSi yoveli meTodis ganxilvisas moyvanili iqneba
qarTulenovan literaturaSi gamoyenebuli yvela Sesabamisi termini da moSveliebuli
iqneba misi inglisurenovani Sesatyvis(eb)i.
9 Earl Babbie. Op. cit. P. 285.
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