Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences

am Teoriis gavlenis Sedegad aSS-s policiam gaamkacra damokidebuleba
naklebad seriozuli sazogadoebrivi wesrigis danaSaulebebisadmi — maTxovrebisadmi,
mTvralebisadmi, xulignebisadmi da a.S. aseTi midgomis farglebSi
policia quCis movaWreebic wesrigis damrRvevebad aRiqvams da yvelanairad
cdilobs maTi saqmianobis SezRudvas.
dunieri ki cdilobs daamtkicos, rom quCis gamyidvlebis magaliTma bevr
cixidan gamosuls uCvena, rom SeiZleboda fulis patiosnad Sovna — anu, quCaSi
muSaoba socialuri reabilitaciis funqcias asrulebs.
rogorc dunierma kvlevis Sedegad daadgina, erTi SexedviT erTmaneTis
msgavs quCis gamyidvlebs Soris sakmaod mkacri ierarqia arsebobs; maT Soris
ganawilebulia rolebi da funqciebi. aq arian “adgilis damkaveblebi”, anu
adamianebi, romlebic yvelaze adre modian da ikaveben savaWro adgils, Semdeg ki
“yidian” mas 20-50 dolarad; aq arian “momtanebi” — adamianebi, romlebsac moaqvT
Senaxuli saqoneli sawyobebidan da amisaTvis garkveul gasamrjelos iReben;
“magidaze Tvalis damWerebs”, romlebic xSirad iqve axlos mdgomi maTxovrebi an
sxva gamyidvlebi arian, Tvali uWiravT ama Tu im saqmeze wasuli gamyidvlis
magidaze, raTa policiam misi konfiskacia ar moaxdinos 79 , da a.S.
dunieri cdilobs daamtkicos, rom quCis movaWreebi “sajaro figurebi” (public
character) arian, romlebic awesrigeben cxovrebas da sazogadoebrivi kontrolis
funqciasac asruleben.
“sazogadiebrivi figurebis” koncefcia cnobil socialur mecniers, jein
jeikobss (Jane Jacobs) ekuTvnis, romelmac jer kidev 1961 wels gamosca wigni “didi
amerikuli qalaqebis sikvdili da sicocxle” (“Death and Life of Great American Cities”),
sadac is grinviC vilijis ubanSi ganxorcielebuli dakvirvebebis safuZvelze
saubrobs Tanamedrove qalquri cxovrebis Sesaxeb:
“trotuaris socialuri cxovreba bevrad aris damokidebuli maTze, visac
SeiZleba TviTdaniSnuli sajaro figurebi vuwodoT. sajaro figura aris nebismieri
adamiani, visac xSiri kontaqti aqvs mraval adamianTan da vinc sakmarisad
aris dainteresebuli imiT, rom sakuTari Tavi sajaro figurad warmoaCinos. sajaro
figuras ar unda hqondes raime gansakuTrebuli niWi an sibrZne, raTa Tavisi
funqciebi Seasrulos — Tumca mas xSirad aqvs es Tvisebebi. misi mTavari
kvalifikacia isaa, rom is aris sajaro, rom is esaubreba bevr sxvadasxvanair
adamians. amgvarad xdeba axali ambebis gavrceleba, rac trotuaris mizania” 80 .
jein jeikobsi sajaro figurebad miiCnevs maRaziis gamyidvlebs, mcire
biznesis mepatroneebs, romlebsac “Tvali uWiravT quCaze”. dunieris azriT,
swored aseT funqcias asruleben wignebiT da JurnalebiT quCis movaWreebi — maT
utoveben sagazeTo jixurSi motanil gazeTebs, isini yuradRebas aqceven maT
maxloblad gaCerebul manqanebs, isini esaubrebian ubnis macxovreblebs, da a.S.
Tavis kvlevis meTods mitCel dunieri “diagnostikur eTnografias” uwodebs.
“rodesac me davbrundi me-6 avenueze, raTa memuSava rogorc Jurnalebis
gamyidvels, me jer kidev ar mqonda Camoyalibebuli zusti kvleviTi SekiTxva” 81 , —
ambobs dunieri. miT umetes, kvlevis sawyis etapze mas ar hqonia Teoria, romlis
Semowmebasac apirebda. amitom is cdilobda yuradReba gaemaxvilebina quCaSi
mimdinare koleqtiur saqmianobaze; rogor xdeboda saqonlis moZieba, rogori
urTierToba iyo gamyidvlebsa da myidvelebs, gamyidvlebsa da policielebs
Soris, da a.S. “is, rom me ar mqonda gakrveuli kvleviTi SekiTxva Cemi kvlevis
dawyebisas, SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes imas, rac sociologiaSia miRebuli.
miuxedavad amisa, me sxvanairi Sexeduleba maqvs. xSirad socialur mecnierebebSi,
gansakuTrebiT ki Tvisebrivi kvlevis dros, rodesac monacemTa didi raodenoba
moipoveba, kvlevis dizaini monacemebis Segrovebis Semdeg gamoikveTeba xolme.
79 kanonis Tanaxmad, policies ufleba aqvs im magidis konfiskacia moaxdinos, romelic
upatronod dgas trotuarze.
80 Mitchel Dunier. 2001. Op. cit. P. 6.
81 Ibid. P. 340-341.
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