Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
kvleviTi midgoma (romelic meTodebis vrcel arsenals aerTianebs), da ara romelime erTi calkeuli meTodi? vfiqrobT, am kiTxvas dadebiTad unda vupasuxoT. ra Tqma unda, mravali meTodis gamoyenebisas moulodneli ar unda yofiliyo gansxvavebuli, zogjer — sawinaaRmdego Sedegebis miReba. Tumca, “raodenobrivi” mkvlevrebisagan gansxvavebiT, Tvisebrivi meTodebis momxreebi amas ar aRiqvamen rogorc saSiSroebas, aramed rogorc kidev erT SesaZleblobas, miRebul Sedegebs gansxvavebuli TvaliT SevxedoT, rac, saboloo jamSi, sruli da yovelmxrivi suraTis daxatvaSi unda dagvexmaros. xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos isic, rom monografiul gamokvlevaSi gamoyenebuli meTodebi savsebiT ar Semoifargleboda mxolod Tvisebrivi meTodebiT — piriqiT, isini xSirad mdidrdeboda statistikuri da raodenobrivi monacemebiT. Cikagos skolis erTerTi lideris, ernest berjesis TqmiT, “ori midgomis Tanamoqmedeba ueWvelad yvelaze nayofieri iqneba” 69 . rogorc am meTodis Teoretikosebi miiCneven, kvleviTi amocanebis dasaxva monografiuli gamokvlevis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia mxolod mas Semdeg, rac mkvlevarma daiwyo savele samuSaoebi, amitom TviTon gamokvleva iwyeba, rogorc wesi, gamokvlevis saerTo Temis gansazRvriT, da ara konkretuli hipoTezebis SemuSavebiT. amis Sedegad monografiuli gamokvleva gansakuTrebuli moqnilobiT gamoirCeva. Tumca, rogorc robert iini aRniSnavs, “paradoqsaluria, magram rac ufro “rbilia” kvleviTi strategia, miT ufro rTuli gansaxorcielebelia is praqtikulad” 70 . monografiuli gamokvlevis CatarebaSi Zalian didia mkvlevris roli da Zalian bevria damokidebuli am ukanasknelis profesiulobaze. monografiuli gamokvlevis Catarebis dros mkvlevari ar aris daculi emociuri stresisagan, romelic yovelTvis Tan axlavs CarTul dakvirvebas. amitom kvlevis dawyebamde mis mier kargad unda iyos gaTviTcnobierebuli mis winaSe mdgari sirTuleebi. ZiriTadad mkvlevarzea damokidebuli, Tu rogor gansazRvravs is gamokvlvevis xangrZlivobas — is SeiZleba gagrZeldes rogorc ramdenime Tve, aseve ramdenime weli. Znelia imis dadgena, Tu rodis unda damTavrdes savele samuSaoebi. metic, rogorc u.f.uaiTi aRiarebs, “romelime Temis an organizaciis Seswavlas ar SeiZleba, raime logikuri dasasruli hqondes. rac ufro mets igebT, miT ukeT gesmiT, Tu ra dagrCaT kidev Sesaswavli” 71 . iTvleba, rom monografiuli gamokvleva yvelaze efeqturia rogorc romelime socialuri problemis winaswar Seswavlis, misi pirveladi aRweris saSualeba, amitom praqtikaSi es meTodi yvelaze xSirad aRweriT fuqncias asrulebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom aseve xedavda am meTodis rols Cikagos skolis warmomadgeneli vivien palmeri, am meTodisadmi miZRvnili pirveli saxelmZRvanelos 72 avtori (es saxelmRvanelo 1928 wels gamovida). Tumca Tanamedrove mkvlevrebi sul ufro da ufro xSirad Tvlian, rom am meTods savsebiT Seswevs Zala, ara marto aRweros, aramed, agreTve axsnas esa Tu is socialuri situacia; kerZod, robert iini gamoyofs monografiuli gamokvlevebis or gansxvavebul saxeobas — romlebic aRweren socialur sinamdviles da romlebic xsnian mas. 73 monografiuli gamokvlevis Sedegebi vrceli angariSis, xSirad ki — wignis saxiT xdeba xolme cnobili, sadac avtori cdilobs, SesTavazos mkiTxvels Sesaswavli jgufis wevrebis Rirebulebebis da normebis Taviseburi inter- 69 citirebulia Semdegi gamocemis mixedviT: Martin Bulmer. 1984. The Chicago School of Sociology. Institutionalization, Diversity, and the Rise of Sociological Research. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. P. 162. 70 Robert K Yin. 1994. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 2 nd Ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. P. 16. 71 William F. Whyte. 1993. Street Corner Society. The Social Structure of an Italian Slum. Fourth Edition. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. P. 324-325. 72 Viven M. Palmer. 1928. Field Studies in Sociology: A Student’s Manual. Chicago, Ill.: The University of Chicago Press. 73 Robert K. Yin. Op. cit. 64
pretacia. amitom mkvlevars naratiuli niWi unda hqondes. am mxriv sainteresoa, rom am meTodis Camoyalibebis periodSi, rodesac jer ar arsebobda Teoriuli literatura mis Sesaxeb, Cikagos universitetis studentebs urCevdnen, ekiTxaT romanebi da avtobiografiuli Txzulebebi, romlebic Tanamimdevrulad asaxaven adamianis an jgufis cxovrebas da amdenad garkveulwilad avsebdnen arsebul sicarieles. Tavdapirvelad monografiuli gamokvlevis CatarebisTvis yvelaze mizanSewonil “saitebad” iTvleboda did qalaqebs da sxva dasaxlebebs mowyvetili patara soflebi da mcire izolirebuli tomebi, vinaidan, erTi mxriv, maTi mosaxleobis kulturuli da eTnikuri erTianoba SesaZlebels xdida, aseTi dasaxlebebi ganxiluli yofiliyo rogorc kulturuli erToba, xolo meore mxriv, maTi mcire zoma da mosaxleobis mcire raodenoba aseT Seswavlas SesaZlebels xdida erTi adamianis ZalebiTac ki. Tanamedrove mkvlevrebi monografiuli gamokvlevis meSveobiT Seiswavlian iseT mravalferovan sakiTxebs, rogorebicaa saskolo ganaTlebis xarisxi, socialuri daxmarebis programebis efeqturoba, Tanamedrove samrewvelo organizaciebis struqtura, eTnikuri da rasobrivi problemebi da sxv. Tumca, iseve rogorc XX saukunis dasawyisSi, monografiuli gamokvlevebi SedarebiT mcire Temebis an organizaciebis SeswavliT Semoifargleba, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos mkvlevris uSualo kontaqti Sesaswavli jgufis wevrebTan. saboloo jamSi, monografiuli gamokvlevis mizania aRweros Sesaswavli jgufis cxovreba da gaaanalizos am cxovrebis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi, SeZlebisdagvarad — gaakeTos mecnieruli daskvnebi jgufSi arsebuli ierarqiis, urTierTobaTa specifikis da a.S. Sesaxeb. “SIDEWALK”: monografiuli gamokvlevis erTi magaliTi Tanamedrove monografiuli gamokvlevis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso magaliTia mitCel dunieris wigni “Sidewalk” (“trotuari”) 74 . es wigni am meTodis gamoyenebis erT-erT saukeTeso nimuSad iTvleba, romelmac ramdenime premiac ki miiRo 75 . garda imisa, rom es saintereso da SemecnebiTi kvlevaa, is amave dros inovaciurisaa rogorc savele samuSaoebis Catarebis, aseve Sedegebis warmodgenis TvalsazrisiT — is uxvadaa ilustrirebuli fotosuraTebiT, romlebic “Cikago tribiun”-is fotokorespondentma ovi karterma gadauRo dunieris TxovniT aqtorebs da im garemos, sadac maT uwevdaT cxovreba da muSaoba (da, ra Tqma unda, suraTebi aqtorebis nebarTviT iqna gadaRebuli). Sesabamisad, mkiTxvels saSualeba eZleva sakuTari TvaliT naxos is adamianebi, romlebic wignis mTavari gmirebi arian, dainaxos is garemo, sadac isini cxovroben da muSaoben. garda amisa, dunieris kvleva erT-erTi im kvlevaTagania, romlis procesSic ganviTarda gansakuTrebiT mWidro urTierToba da, SeiZleba iTqvas, inteleqtualuri TanamSromloba mkvlevarsa da informantebis Soris; dunierma saSualeba misca informantebs, gacnobodnen wignis xelnawers da TavianTi SeniSvnebi gamoeTqvaT. dunieris kvleva imiTac gamoirCeva, rom man gamomcemlobasTan gaaforma kontraqti, romlis mixedviTac mis informantebs wignis gayidvidan Semosuli mogebis garkveuli procenti unda mieRoT. ufro metic, dunierma miiwvia Tavisi ZiriTadi informanti, hakim hasani Tavis universitetSi da masTan erTad uZRveboda seminars bakalavrebisaTvis “Savi amerikis quCis cxovreba da gonebrivi cxovreba” (“The Life of the Street and the Life of Mind in Black America”); dunierma, agreTve SesTavaza hakim hasans, misi wignis blosityvaobis avtori yofiliyo, razec hasans uari ar uTqvams. dunieris kvleva, iseve rogorc bevri sxva monografiuli gamokvleva, sruliad SemTxveviT daiwyo. niu-iorkSi myofi dunieris yuradReba miipyro wignebis erT-erTma quCis movaWrem — hakim hasanma, romlis magidazec man Tavisi wigni dainaxa. 74 Mitchel Dunier. 2001. Sidewalk. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. 75 Los Angeles Time Book Prize da The C.Wright Mills Award. 65
- Page 13 and 14: nebismieri kvleva programis Sedgeni
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- Page 17 and 18: videofirze. kerZod interviu warmoad
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pretacia. amitom mkvlevars naratiuli niWi unda hqondes. am mxriv sainteresoa,<br />
rom am meTodis Camoyalibebis periodSi, rodesac jer ar arsebobda Teoriuli<br />
literatura mis Sesaxeb, Cikagos universitetis studentebs urCevdnen, ekiTxaT<br />
romanebi da avtobiografiuli Txzulebebi, romlebic Tanamimdevrulad asaxaven<br />
adamianis an jgufis cxovrebas da amdenad garkveulwilad avsebdnen arsebul<br />
sicarieles.<br />
Tavdapirvelad monografiuli gamokvlevis CatarebisTvis yvelaze<br />
mizanSewonil “saitebad” iTvleboda did qalaqebs da sxva dasaxlebebs<br />
mowyvetili patara soflebi da mcire izolirebuli tomebi, vinaidan, erTi mxriv,<br />
maTi mosaxleobis kulturuli da eTnikuri erTianoba SesaZlebels xdida, aseTi<br />
dasaxlebebi ganxiluli yofiliyo rogorc kulturuli erToba, xolo meore<br />
mxriv, maTi mcire zoma da mosaxleobis mcire raodenoba aseT Seswavlas<br />
SesaZlebels xdida erTi adamianis ZalebiTac ki.<br />
Tanamedrove mkvlevrebi monografiuli gamokvlevis meSveobiT Seiswavlian<br />
iseT mravalferovan sakiTxebs, rogorebicaa saskolo ganaTlebis xarisxi,<br />
<strong>socialur</strong>i daxmarebis programebis efeqturoba, Tanamedrove samrewvelo<br />
organizaciebis struqtura, eTnikuri da rasobrivi problemebi da sxv. Tumca,<br />
iseve rogorc XX saukunis dasawyisSi, monografiuli gamokvlevebi SedarebiT<br />
mcire Temebis an organizaciebis SeswavliT Semoifargleba, raTa SesaZlebeli<br />
iyos mkvlevris uSualo kontaqti Sesaswavli jgufis wevrebTan.<br />
saboloo jamSi, monografiuli gamokvlevis mizania aRweros Sesaswavli<br />
jgufis cxovreba da gaaanalizos am cxovrebis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi,<br />
SeZlebisdagvarad — gaakeTos mecnieruli daskvnebi jgufSi arsebuli ierarqiis,<br />
urTierTobaTa specifikis da a.S. Sesaxeb.<br />
“SIDEWALK”: monografiuli gamokvlevis erTi magaliTi<br />
Tanamedrove monografiuli gamokvlevis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso<br />
magaliTia mitCel dunieris wigni “Sidewalk” (“trotuari”) 74 . es wigni am meTodis<br />
gamoyenebis erT-erT saukeTeso nimuSad iTvleba, romelmac ramdenime premiac ki<br />
miiRo 75 . garda imisa, rom es saintereso da SemecnebiTi kvlevaa, is amave dros<br />
inovaciurisaa rogorc savele samuSaoebis Catarebis, aseve Sedegebis<br />
warmodgenis TvalsazrisiT — is uxvadaa ilustrirebuli fotosuraTebiT,<br />
romlebic “Cikago tribiun”-is fotokorespondentma ovi karterma gadauRo<br />
dunieris TxovniT aqtorebs da im garemos, sadac maT uwevdaT cxovreba da<br />
muSaoba (da, ra Tqma unda, suraTebi aqtorebis nebarTviT iqna gadaRebuli).<br />
Sesabamisad, mkiTxvels saSualeba eZleva sakuTari TvaliT naxos is adamianebi,<br />
romlebic wignis mTavari gmirebi arian, dainaxos is garemo, sadac isini<br />
cxovroben da muSaoben. garda amisa, dunieris kvleva erT-erTi im kvlevaTagania,<br />
romlis procesSic ganviTarda gansakuTrebiT mWidro urTierToba da, SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, inteleqtualuri TanamSromloba mkvlevarsa da in<strong>for</strong>mantebis Soris;<br />
dunierma saSualeba misca in<strong>for</strong>mantebs, gacnobodnen wignis xelnawers da<br />
TavianTi SeniSvnebi gamoeTqvaT. dunieris kvleva imiTac gamoirCeva, rom man<br />
gamomcemlobasTan gaa<strong>for</strong>ma kontraqti, romlis mixedviTac mis in<strong>for</strong>mantebs<br />
wignis gayidvidan Semosuli mogebis garkveuli procenti unda mieRoT. ufro<br />
metic, dunierma miiwvia Tavisi ZiriTadi in<strong>for</strong>manti, hakim hasani Tavis<br />
universitetSi da masTan erTad uZRveboda seminars bakalavrebisaTvis “Savi<br />
amerikis quCis cxovreba da gonebrivi cxovreba” (“The Life of the Street and the Life of<br />
Mind in Black America”); dunierma, agreTve SesTavaza hakim hasans, misi wignis<br />
blosityvaobis avtori yofiliyo, razec hasans uari ar uTqvams.<br />
dunieris kvleva, iseve rogorc bevri sxva monografiuli gamokvleva,<br />
sruliad SemTxveviT daiwyo. niu-iorkSi myofi dunieris yuradReba miipyro<br />
wignebis erT-erTma quCis movaWrem — hakim hasanma, romlis magidazec man Tavisi<br />
wigni dainaxa.<br />
74 Mitchel Dunier. 2001. Sidewalk. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.<br />
75 Los Angeles Time Book Prize da The C.Wright Mills Award.<br />
65
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