Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
mizanmimarTulad akvirdeba movlenaTa ganviTarebas, xalxs, maT saqmianobas. amasTan, mas akisria garkveuli movaleobebi: daakvirdes, Tu rogor viTardeba movlenebi, CainiSnos da/an daixsomos yvelaferi, rac xdeba, raTa SemdgomSi Tavis CanawerebSi aRweros movlenebi da maTSi monawile pirebi. 2. Cveulebrivi adamianisgan gansxvavebiT, damkvirvebelma gaaskecebuli yuradReba unda gamoiCinos mis garSemo mimdinare movlenebisadmi, raTa SeniSnos da daixsomos iseTi detalebic ki, romlebsac Cveulebriv pirobebSi yuradRebas ar vaqcevT. es garkveul momzadebas moiTxovs. CarTuli dakvirvebisas Cveni mizani unda iyos, SeZlebisdagvarad araferi dagvrCes yuradRebis gareSe (ra Tqma unda, yvelafris SeniSvna SeuZlebelia, magram, miuxedavad amisa, Cveni mizani unda iyos, maqsimalurad gavzardoT dakvirvebuli elementebis raodenoba). 3. cxovrebaSi yvelas gviwevs garkveuli dakvirvebebis Catareba; aseTi cxovrebiseuli dakvirvebebisagan gansxvavebiT, CarTuli damkvirveblis mizani unda iyos, movlenaTa rac SeiZleba farTo speqtri moaqcios Tavisi dakvirvebis sferoSi; es miT ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba maSin, rodesac mkvlevris mizania, Seiswavlos socialuri jgufis kulturuli normebi, romlebic araa gamotanili saaSkaraoze. 4. kidev erTi, SesaZloa, umniSvnelovanesi gansxvaveba movlenebis rigiT monawilesa da damkvirvebels Soris isaa, rom damkvirvebeli, imasTan erTad, rom aris movlenebis monawile, uyurebs am movlenebs gareSe mowmis — “ucxos” — TvaliT, anu erTsa da imave dros is aris am socialuri situaciis monawilec da Semswavlelic, romelic ganixilavs situacias, rogorc Sesaswavl obieqts. ese igi, erTsa da imave dros profesiuli damkvirveblebi arian situaciis monawileebic da gareSe pirebic, romlebic am situacias akvirdebian. mkvlevari aTviTcnobierebs, rom is ormag rols TamaSobs, da mkafiod ganasxvavebs Tavisi moqmedebebis “monawileobiT” da “SemecnebiT” mxareebs. 5. CarTuli dakvirvebis procesSi mkvlevari Tavad aris Tavisi kvlevis instrumenti — mas ar “exmareba” arc kiTxvari, arc sadiskusio gegma an raime sxva instrumenti. yovel saRamos, savele muSaobis Semdeg, iwyeba kvlevis meore, ara nakleb mniSvnelovani etapi, rodesac man unda gaaanalizos mis mier Segrovebuli informacia, nanaxi da gagonili, maT Soris — Tavisi sakuTari moqmedebebi, grZnobebi, reaqciebi, da azrebi. aseT introspeqcias yoveldRiurad mimdinareobs da is didad amdidrebs CarTuli dakvirvebis procesSi mopovebul faqtologiur masalas. ra Tqma unda, Cveulebrivi adamiani ar eweva Tavisi moqmedebebis da grZnobebis aseT sistematur da Rrma analizs. 6. da bolos, damkvirvebeli awarmoebs Tavisi dakvirvebis Sedegebis dawvrilebiT Caweras — esaa iseTi ram, rasac socialuri situaciis nebismieri sxva, rigiTi monawile arasdros ar akeTebs — Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT im adamianebs, vinc regularulad awarmoebs pirad dRiurs. magram bolo SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, aseTi dRiurebi mimarTulia individis piradi grZnobebis da gamocdilebebis aRsawerad da amiT gansxvavdeba savele Canawerebisgan. dakvirvebis Sedegebis Cawerasac saTanado codna da gamocdileba sWirdeba, da Cven ganvixilavT moTxovnebs maTi warmarTvisadmi. CarTuli dakvirvebis umTavresi upiratesoba ubralo dakvirvebasTan SedarebiT isaa, rom aqtorebTan xangrZlivi da mWirdo urTierTobis Sedegad mkvlevari Zalze mdidar informacias iRebs maTi cxovrebis Sesaxeb; metic, is Tavad iziarebs maTi cxovrebis wess sakmaod xangrZlivi drois manZilze. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, dakvirvebis meTodiT Catarebuli gamokvleva, rogorc wesi, didxans grZeldeba, da am drois manZilze mkvlevari da aqtorebi Zalauneburad sakmaod axlos icnoben erTmaneTs. warmatebuli dakvirvebis ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia, Tu mkvlevarma ar moipova aqtorebis ndoba, ndobis mopoveba ki garkveuli pirovnuli urTierTobebis damyarebas gulisxmobs. rigiT interviuers, romelic maTTvis sruliad ucxo adamiania, respondentebi gacilebiT naklebi gulaxdilobiT esaubrebian, vidre damkvirvebels, romelic Tveebis, ar ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi iziarebs maTi cxovrebis wess; es exeba ara marto saerTo informacias, aramed, agreTve informacias aqtorebisTvis mgZnobiare Temebze. 54
ara nakleb mniSvnelovania, rom gamokvlevis manZilze aqtorebi eCvevian maT gverdiT damkvirveblis yofnas, ris Sedegadac mcirdeba maTi qcevis da maTi saubrebis reaqtiuloba, Sesabamisad, CarTuli dakvirvebis Sedegad mopovebuli informacia ufro sando xdeba. CarTuli dakvirvebis ganxorcieleba yovelTvis moqmedebs mkvlevaris emociur mdgomareobaze. rac ar unda ecados mkvlevari, obieqturi iyos Tavisi informatebis mimarT, amis srulad miRweva SeuZlebelia, ufro metic, eTnografiuli kvlevis Sedegad mkvlevrebi xSirad resocializaciis process gadian, anu eCvevian aqtorebis TvaliT uyuron movlenebs. xSirad mkvlevari rTuli eTikuri dilemis winaSe dgeba — aRweros Tu ara moqmedeba, romelic mis informantebs cudad daaxasiaTebs? miuxedavad amisa, mkvlevari mainc “ucxod” rCeba im sazogadoebaSi, romlis Seswavlasac cdilobs, Tundac imis gamo, rom is yovelTvis, nebismieri movlenis dros imaze fiqrobs, ramdenad mniSvnelovania is misi kvlevisTvis, Rirs Tu ara masze yuradRebis gamaxvileba da CaniSvna, da a.S. xSir SemTxvevaSi mkvlevarma SeiZleba imitom miiRos monawileoba ama Tu im RonisZiebaSi, rom mas gadwyvetili aqvs mis Sesaxeb daweros, mniSnvelovnad miaCnia Tavisi kvlevisTvis. aqedan gamomdinareobs is, rom rac ar unda ecados mkvlevari, srulad “Seerwyas” Sesaswavls jgufs, misTvis es SesaZlebeli gaxdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is xels aiRebs Tavis kvlevaze. bernardi gamoyofs CarTuli dakvirvebis ganxorcilebis procesSi mkvlevaris mier gancdili fsiqologiuri mdgomareobebis Tanamimdevrobas: • pirveli kontaqti; • kulturuli Soki; • aRmoCena imisa, rac aSkaraa; • Sesveneba; • fokusireba; • daqancva, meore Sesveneba da gaSmagebuli saqmianoba; da • muSaobis dasruleba da “saitis” datoveba. 59 SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom mkvlevars eufleba Soki, garkveul etapze is gadaiRleba, gauCndeba Sesvenebis aucilebloba. dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad CarTuli dakvirveba mkvlevrisagan srul CarTvas moiTxovs. bolos, arc iseTi etapis gamoyofaa SemTxveviTi, rogoricaa “saitis” datoveba — CarTuli dakvirvebis damTavreba da “saitidan” wasvla cxovrebis mniSvnelovani periodis damTavrebas niSnavs, da is xSirad mtkivneulia rogorc mkvlevrisTvis,iseve im aqtorebisaTvis, visTanac man yvelaze mWidro urTierTobebi daamyara; mkvlevarsa da aqtorebs Soris damyarebuli urTierTobebi, rogorc wesi, gamokvlevis damTavrebis Semdegac grZeldeba; aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac damkvirvebeli daumegobrda aqtorebs, monaTla maTi Svilebi, da sxv. CarTuli dakvirveba saboloo jamSi Zalze piradi xasiaTis ganumeorebeli gamocdilebaa; es ar aris romelime rigiTi meTodi, romelic SeiZleba “vcadoT, rogor gamogviva” — es aris saqme, romelsac mkvlevari uZRvnis cxovrebis mniSvnelovan periods. amitomaa, rom bernardi Tvlis, rom garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, “mkvlevari arasodes tovebs saits” — sulierad is iq rCeba. rac ar unda ecados is, SeuZlebelia informatebis mimarT gulgrili damokidebulebis SenarCuneba da bevri informanti saboloo jamSi mkvlevris namdvili megobari xdeba. 59 H. Russell Bernard. 2002. Research Methods in Anthropology. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Third Edition. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press. Pp. 356-362. 55
- Page 3 and 4: s a r C e v i winaTqma 4 Tema 1. Tv
- Page 5 and 6: Tema 1. Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialu
- Page 7 and 8: vafiqsirebT maT mier gamoTqmul azre
- Page 9 and 10: mkvlevris “informantebis” rols
- Page 11 and 12: furclebze ver gamoinaxa adgili verc
- Page 13 and 14: nebismieri kvleva programis Sedgeni
- Page 15 and 16: anu generaluri erTobliobis yvela wa
- Page 17 and 18: videofirze. kerZod interviu warmoad
- Page 19 and 20: zedmeti an usargebloa am konkretuli
- Page 21 and 22: “cxovrebis istoriis” analogiura
- Page 23 and 24: axdens, agreTve interviuebis Sedega
- Page 25 and 26: magaliTi #1 axalgazrduli umuSevrobi
- Page 27 and 28: Tema 3. fokus-jgufi fokus-jgufi jgu
- Page 29 and 30: savsebiT SesaZlebelia fokus-jgufebi
- Page 31 and 32: jgufebis Catareba nakleb dros moiTx
- Page 33 and 34: magaliTad, ganasaxieron sxvadasxva
- Page 35 and 36: amdenadac fokus-jgufi axlosaa siRrm
- Page 37 and 38: magaliTi #2 Rvinis moxmarebis kultu
- Page 39 and 40: magaliTi #3 korufcia saqarTveloSi d
- Page 41 and 42: miviCnev, roca eqims sakuTari survi
- Page 43 and 44: “arian iseTi [studentebi], rom ma
- Page 45 and 46: qrTams iRebs] es aris uzneoba” (p
- Page 47 and 48: espondnetebi acnobiereben im garemo
- Page 49 and 50: qceva, da sxva. mklevris uSualo int
- Page 51 and 52: odesac mkvlevari Tavidanve acnobs a
- Page 53: gegmis) mixedviT. rogorc wesi, CarT
- Page 57 and 58: aris miRweuli konsensusi imasTan da
- Page 59 and 60: es Canaweri gakeTda espaurenovani r
- Page 61 and 62: Tema 5. monografiuli gamokvleva ise
- Page 63 and 64: saskolo eseebi: skolis damwyebi da
- Page 65 and 66: pretacia. amitom mkvlevars naratiul
- Page 67 and 68: saubrebi myidvelebTan. amasTan, dun
- Page 69 and 70: Cemi ideebi Camoyalibda imis safuZv
- Page 71 and 72: Tema 6. socialuri kvlevis eTika soc
- Page 73 and 74: da samarTlebrivi dokumentebi, amden
- Page 75 and 76: davalebebi: 1. ipoveT internetSi so
- Page 77 and 78: danarTi #1 korufcia saqarTveloSi 92
- Page 79 and 80: - qrTamis SemTxvevaSi iniciativa mo
- Page 81 and 82: kanons gareSea, vakuumia sakanonmde
- Page 83 and 84: gvaqvs saqme? - ara, universitetSi
- Page 85 and 86: Tqvens cxovrebaSi korufciasTan daka
- Page 87 and 88: - erT welSi ver iswavlis is. - ara,
- Page 89 and 90: - ki. - [anu] moewyobi, da pirvel s
- Page 91 and 92: - ki, marTalia, es aris — maSin a
- Page 93 and 94: Sen vina gkiTxavs, wadio — ar iZl
- Page 95 and 96: Caabarono. - maraa, kaco, me rom ga
- Page 97 and 98: - movaleobas ixdi, ver gaxsovdeba.
- Page 99 and 100: konkretulad ra SeiZleba gavakeToT C
- Page 101 and 102: srulad iziarebs dakvirvebis obieqtT
- Page 103 and 104: fonis meSveobiT tardeba. satelefono
mizanmimarTulad akvirdeba movlenaTa ganviTarebas, xalxs, maT saqmianobas.<br />
amasTan, mas akisria garkveuli movaleobebi: daakvirdes, Tu rogor viTardeba<br />
movlenebi, CainiSnos da/an daixsomos yvelaferi, rac xdeba, raTa SemdgomSi Tavis<br />
CanawerebSi aRweros movlenebi da maTSi monawile pirebi.<br />
2. Cveulebrivi adamianisgan gansxvavebiT, damkvirvebelma gaaskecebuli<br />
yuradReba unda gamoiCinos mis garSemo mimdinare movlenebisadmi, raTa SeniSnos<br />
da daixsomos iseTi detalebic ki, romlebsac Cveulebriv pirobebSi yuradRebas<br />
ar vaqcevT. es garkveul momzadebas moiTxovs. CarTuli dakvirvebisas Cveni mizani<br />
unda iyos, SeZlebisdagvarad araferi dagvrCes yuradRebis gareSe (ra Tqma<br />
unda, yvelafris SeniSvna SeuZlebelia, magram, miuxedavad amisa, Cveni mizani unda<br />
iyos, maqsimalurad gavzardoT dakvirvebuli elementebis raodenoba).<br />
3. cxovrebaSi yvelas gviwevs garkveuli dakvirvebebis Catareba; aseTi<br />
cxovrebiseuli dakvirvebebisagan gansxvavebiT, CarTuli damkvirveblis mizani<br />
unda iyos, movlenaTa rac SeiZleba farTo speqtri moaqcios Tavisi dakvirvebis<br />
sferoSi; es miT ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba maSin, rodesac mkvlevris mizania,<br />
Seiswavlos <strong>socialur</strong>i jgufis kulturuli normebi, romlebic araa gamotanili<br />
saaSkaraoze.<br />
4. kidev erTi, SesaZloa, umniSvnelovanesi gansxvaveba movlenebis rigiT<br />
monawilesa da damkvirvebels Soris isaa, rom damkvirvebeli, imasTan erTad, rom<br />
aris movlenebis monawile, uyurebs am movlenebs gareSe mowmis — “ucxos” —<br />
TvaliT, anu erTsa da imave dros is aris am <strong>socialur</strong>i situaciis monawilec da<br />
Semswavlelic, romelic ganixilavs situacias, rogorc Sesaswavl obieqts. ese<br />
igi, erTsa da imave dros profesiuli damkvirveblebi arian situaciis<br />
monawileebic da gareSe pirebic, romlebic am situacias akvirdebian. mkvlevari<br />
aTviTcnobierebs, rom is ormag rols TamaSobs, da mkafiod ganasxvavebs Tavisi<br />
moqmedebebis “monawileobiT” da “SemecnebiT” mxareebs.<br />
5. CarTuli dakvirvebis procesSi mkvlevari Tavad aris Tavisi kvlevis<br />
instrumenti — mas ar “exmareba” arc kiTxvari, arc sadiskusio gegma an raime sxva<br />
instrumenti. yovel saRamos, savele muSaobis Semdeg, iwyeba kvlevis meore, ara<br />
nakleb mniSvnelovani etapi, rodesac man unda gaaanalizos mis mier Segrovebuli<br />
in<strong>for</strong>macia, nanaxi da gagonili, maT Soris — Tavisi sakuTari moqmedebebi, grZnobebi,<br />
reaqciebi, da azrebi. aseT introspeqcias yoveldRiurad mimdinareobs da is<br />
didad amdidrebs CarTuli dakvirvebis procesSi mopovebul faqtologiur<br />
masalas. ra Tqma unda, Cveulebrivi adamiani ar eweva Tavisi moqmedebebis da<br />
grZnobebis aseT sistematur da Rrma analizs.<br />
6. da bolos, damkvirvebeli awarmoebs Tavisi dakvirvebis Sedegebis dawvrilebiT<br />
Caweras — esaa iseTi ram, rasac <strong>socialur</strong>i situaciis nebismieri sxva,<br />
rigiTi monawile arasdros ar akeTebs — Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT im adamianebs,<br />
vinc regularulad awarmoebs pirad dRiurs. magram bolo SemTxvevaSi, rogorc<br />
wesi, aseTi dRiurebi mimarTulia individis piradi grZnobebis da gamocdilebebis<br />
aRsawerad da amiT gansxvavdeba savele Canawerebisgan. dakvirvebis Sedegebis<br />
Cawerasac saTanado codna da gamocdileba sWirdeba, da Cven ganvixilavT<br />
moTxovnebs maTi warmarTvisadmi.<br />
CarTuli dakvirvebis umTavresi upiratesoba ubralo dakvirvebasTan<br />
SedarebiT isaa, rom aqtorebTan xangrZlivi da mWirdo urTierTobis Sedegad<br />
mkvlevari Zalze mdidar in<strong>for</strong>macias iRebs maTi cxovrebis Sesaxeb; metic, is<br />
Tavad iziarebs maTi cxovrebis wess sakmaod xangrZlivi drois manZilze. rogorc<br />
zemoT aRvniSneT, dakvirvebis meTodiT Catarebuli gamokvleva, rogorc wesi,<br />
didxans grZeldeba, da am drois manZilze mkvlevari da aqtorebi Zalauneburad<br />
sakmaod axlos icnoben erTmaneTs. warmatebuli dakvirvebis ganxorcieleba<br />
SeuZlebelia, Tu mkvlevarma ar moipova aqtorebis ndoba, ndobis mopoveba ki<br />
garkveuli pirovnuli urTierTobebis damyarebas gulisxmobs. rigiT interviuers,<br />
romelic maTTvis sruliad ucxo adamiania, respondentebi gacilebiT<br />
naklebi gulaxdilobiT esaubrebian, vidre damkvirvebels, romelic Tveebis, ar<br />
ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi iziarebs maTi cxovrebis wess; es exeba ara marto<br />
saerTo in<strong>for</strong>macias, aramed, agreTve in<strong>for</strong>macias aqtorebisTvis mgZnobiare<br />
Temebze.<br />
54
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